Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 3 Periodic Classification of Elements

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 3 Periodic Classification of Elements Notes

Elements known during 19th Century – 118 Elements. Out of 118 known 92 elements are found in nature.

Johann Dobereiner’s classification – Law of triads – It was seen that invariably, the atomic weight of the middle member of the triad was nearly equal to the arithmetic mean of the weight of the other two members of the triad. He noted that elements with similar properties occur in groups of three which he called triads.

Chancourtois classification – In this system, elements that differed from each other in atomic weight by 16 or multiples of 16 fell very nearly on the same vertical line. Elements lying directly under each other showed a definite similarity. This was the First periodic law.

Newland’s classification – Law of octaves – This law states that, when elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic weights, the properties of the eighth element are a repetition of the properties of the first element. This law was seemed to be applicable only for elements upto atomic number 20 (Calcium).

Mendeleev’s classification – Mendeleev’s periodic law – This law states that the properties of the elements can be represented as periodic function of their atomic weights.

Modern periodic law – It was given by Henry Moseley in 1913. This law states that “The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers”.

Moseley’s correlation – between atomic number and the frequency of X-rays.
√v = a (Z – b), where u = frequency of the X-rays emitted by the elements concerned.
Z = atomic number; a and b = constants and have same values for all the elements.

Periodicity – The repetition of physical and chemical properties at regular intervals is called periodicity.

Groups – The vertical columns in the periodic table are called groups. There are 18 vertical columns which constitute 18 groups or families.

Periods – There are 7 horizontal rows in the periodic table known as periods.
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 3 Periodic Classification of Elements Notes 1

Electronic configuration – The distribution of electrons into orbitals, s, p, d and f, of an atom is called its electronic configuration.

Lanthanides – The first f-transition series consisting of 14 elements placed separately as panel at the bottom of the periodic table.

Actinoids – The second f – transition series consisting of 14 elements placed separately as panel at the bottom of the periodic table.

Group 17 – Halogen family.

Group 16 – Chalcogen family (or) oxygen family.

Division of elements based on electronic configuration – The entire periodic table can be divided into s, p, d and f blocks.

Group 18 – Noble gases.

Group 1 – Alkali metals.

Group 2 – Alkaline earth metals.

d-block elements – The elements of the groups 3 to 12 are called d-block elements or transition elements with general valence shell electronic configuration ns1-2, (n-1)d1-10

p-block elements – The elements of groups 13 to 18 are called p-block elements or representative elements and have a general electronic configuration ns2, np1-6

s-block elements – The elements of group 1 and group 2 are called s-block elements, since the last valence electron enters the ns orbital.

f-block elements – The lanthanides (4f1-14, 5d0-1 6s2) and the actinides (5f0-14, 6d0-2, 7s2) are called f-block elements.

Types of elements –

Basis of chemical behaviourBasis of physical properties
Main group elementsMetals
Noble gasesNon-metals
Transition elementsMetalloids
Inner transition elements

 

Example for periodic properties – (i) Atomic radius (n) Ionic radius (Hi) Ionization enthalpy (iv) Electron gain enthalpy (v) Electronegativity.

Atomic radius – It is the distance between the centre of the nucleus of an atom and the outermost shell containing the valence electron.

Covalent radius – It is one-half of the intemuclear distance between two identical atoms linked together by a single covalent bond.

Metallic radius – It is defined as one half of the distance between two adjacent metal atoms in the closely packed metallic crystal lattice.

Ionic radius – It is defined as the distance from the centre of the nucleus of the ion up to which it exerts its influence on the electron cloud of the ion.

Isoelectronic ions – The ions of different elements having the same number of electrons are called isoelectronic ions. e.g. Na+ , Mg2+ , Al3+ , F– , O2- , N3-

Ionization enthalpy – The energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from the valence shell of an isolated neutral gaseous atom is called as Ionization energy.
The unit of Ionization energy = KJ mole-1.

Electron gain enthalpy (or) Electron affinity – The electron gain enthalpy of an element is the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral gaseous atom. The unit of electron affinity = KJ mole-1.

Electronegativity – The relative tendency of an element present in a covalently bonded molecule, to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself.

Valency – It is defined as the combining capacity of an element.

Valence electrons – The total number of electrons in the valence shell or equal to eight minus the number of valence electrons.

Diagonal relationship – In a periodic table, a diagonal relationship exists among certain pairs of elements. Thus Li is similar to Mg, Be is similar to A1 and B is similar to Si.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes

Samacheer Kalvi 9th English General Para Writing, Using Given Hints

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th English General Para Writing, Using Given Hints

Exercises
1. Develop the following hints into a readable passage and give a suitable title.
A rich farmer – lot of land – cattle and servants – two sons – happy life – After some years younger son unhappy – asked for his share of the property – wouldn’t listen to father’s advice – got his share – sold them all – went away to another country – fell into bad ways – soon all money gone – poor – no one to help him – understood his mistake.
Answer:

The Disobedient Son

Once there was a rich farmer in a Village. He had a lot of land, cattle and many servants. He had two sons. He led a happy life with them. After some years the younger son became unhappy.

He asked his father for his share of the property. His father advised him not to demand like that. But he would not listen to his father’s advice. He got his share and sold them. He had a huge amount with him.

With this amount he travelled to a distant country. He had bad company there and fell into evil ways. All the money was gone. He became poor and no one helped him. Then he understood his mistake and returned to his country. His father and brother took him into their fold and supported him forever. We should obey our parents.

Moral: We should obey our parents.

Develop the following hints into a readable passage and give a suitable title.

2. Devan – clever thief – robs the rich – gives all to the sick and the needy – other thieves jealous – plan to get rid of him – challenge Devan to steal the King’s pyjamas – Devan accepts challenge – finds king sleeping – opens a bottle of red ants on the bed – King badly bitten – cries for help – servants rush in pretends to look for ants – Devan removes King’s pyjamas – escapes – other thieves dumbfounded – accept Devan their leader
Answer:

Clever Thief

Devan was a clever thief. He robbed the rich and gave all to the sick and the needy. The other thieves were jealous of him. They planned to get rid of him. They challenged to steal the king’s pyjamas. Devan accepted the challenge. He found the king sleeping. He opened a bottle of red. ants on the bed. The king was badly bitten. He cried for help. The servants rushed in. They pretended to look for ants. Devan removed king’s pyjamas and escaped. Other thieves were dumb founded. They accepted Devan their leader.

Moral: When luck joins in the game cleverness scores double.

3. Develop the following hints into a readable passage and give a suitable title.
Manager of a firm advertised – night watchman – applicants presented – manager not satisfied – found something wrong with each man – there was Raju – an applicant – sat in a comer – patiently waiting – his turn came – manager found nothing wrong in his appearance – questioned about his health – got the reply -1 suffering from sleeplessness – manager happy – appointed him
Answer:

Night Watchman

The manager of a firm advertised for a night watchman. All the applicants were present. But the manager was not satisfied. He found something wrong with each man. There was Raju, an applicant. He was sitting in a comer, waiting for his turn. Manager found nothing wrong in his appearance. He questioned about his health. He got the reply that he was suffering from sleeplessness. Manager was happy and appointed him.

Moral: Life is about creating yourself.

4. Develop the following hints into a readable passage and give a suitable title.
Farmer in a village – had a hen – Golden egg – farmer became rich By selling golden eggs – greedy – thought to get all eggs at a time- killed the hen – found no eggs.
Answer:

The Greedy Farmer

There lived a farmer in a village. His name was Richard. He had a hen. The hen used to lay a golden egg every day. The farmer used to sell the golden egg in the market and got huge amount of money. Soon he became rich. He got a big house built. But the farmer was very greedy. He wanted to get more eggs every day. He thought, “At present I get an egg every day. This is not enough. Why should I not get all the eggs at a time? I must kill the hen to get all the golden eggs at a time.” And the greedy farmer killed the hen. Did the farmer find any egg? No, He did not find any egg. He was very sad now. He could not get golden egg now. This happened only due to his greed.

Moral: Greed leads to heavy losses..

5. Develop the following hints into a readable passage and give a suitable title.
Tenali Raman – offends King – King gets angry sentences Raman to death – but allows Raman to choose type of death – wise Raman – promptly says – want natural death – of old age – King amazed – pardons Raman.
Answer:

Tenali Raman’S Wisdom

Tenali Raman was a courtier. He offended the king. The king got angry and sentenced Raman to death. The king allowed Tenali Raman to choose the type of death. Raman was a wise man and he said like this, he wanted natural death and wanted to die of old age. The king was amazed at Tenali Raman’s wisdom and pardoned him.

Moral: Knowledge is strength.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Hitory Solutions Term 2 Chapter 3 From Chiefdoms To Empires

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science History Solutions Term 2 Chapter 3 From Chiefdoms To Empires

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science From Chiefdoms To Empires Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answer:

From Chiefdoms To Empires Question 1.
The Kingdom which was most powerful among the four Mahajanapadas
(a) Anga
(b) Magadha
(c) Kosala
(d) Vajji
Answer:
(b) Magadhaj

From Chiefdoms To Empires In Tamil Question 2.
Among the following who was the contemporary of Gautama Buddha?
(a) Ajatasatru
(b) Bindusara
(c) Padmanabha Nanda
(d) Brihadratha
Answer:
(a) Ajatasatru

From Chiefdoms To Empires Book Back Answers Question 3.
Which of the following are the sources of Mauryan period?
(a) Artha Sastra
(b) Indica
(c) Mudrarakshasa
(d) All
Answer:
(d) AII

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 6th Social Science Term 2 Question 4.
Chandra Gupta Maurya abdicated the thrown and went to Sravanbelgola along with Jaina Saint …………….
(a) Badrabahu
(b) Stulabahu
(c) Parswanatha
(d) Rushabhanatha
Answer:
(a) Badrabahu

Samacheerkalvi.Guru 6th Social Question 5.
was the ambassador of Seleucus Nicator.
(a) Ptolemy
(b) Kautilya
(c) Xerxes
(d) Megasthenese
Answer:
(d) Megasthenese

Question 6.
Who was the last emperor of the Mauryan Dynasty?
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
(b) Ashoka
(c) Brihadratha
(d) Bindusara
Answer:
(c) Brihadratha

II. Match the statement with the Reason / Tick the appropriate answer:

Question 1.
Statement (A) : Ashoka is considered as one of India’s greatest rulers.
Reason (R) : He ruled according to the principle of Dhamma.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 2.
Which of the statements given below is/are correct?
Statement 1 : Chandragupta Maurya was the first ruler who unified entire India under one political unit.
Statement 2 : The Arthashastra provides information about the Mauryan administration
(a) only 1
(b) only 2
(c) both 1 and 2
(d) neither 1 nor 2
Answer:
(b) only 2

Question 3.
Consider the following statements and find out which of the following statement is/are correct.

  1. Chandragupta Maurya was the first king of Magadha.
  2. Rajagriha was the capital of Magadha.

(a) only 1
(b) only 2
(c) both and 2
(d) neither 1 nor 2
Answer:
(b) only 2

Question 4.
Arrange the following dynasties in chronological order.
(a) Nanda – Sishunaga – Haryanka – Maurya
(b) Nanda – Sishunaga -Maurya – Haryanka
(c) Haryanka – Sishunaga – Nanda – Maurya
(d) Sishunaga – Maurya – Nanda – Haryanka
Answer:
(c) Haryanka – Sishunaga – Nanda – Maurya]

Question 5.
Which of the following factors contributed to the rise of Magadhan Empire?

  1. Strategic location
  2. Thick forest supplied timber and elephant
  3. Control over sea
  4. Availability of rich deposits of iron ores

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 3 and 4 only
(c) 1,2 and 4 only
(d) All of these
Answer:
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only

III. Fill in the blanks :

  1. ______ was the earliest capital of Magadha.
  2. Mudrarakshasa was written by______
  3. ______ was the son of Bindusara.
  4. The founder of the Maurya Empire was______
  5. ______ were appointed to spread Dhamma all over the empire.

Answer:

  1. Raj agriha
  2. Visakadatta
  3. Ashoka
  4. Chandragupta Maurya
  5. Mahamattas

IV. State True or False:

  1. The title Devanam Piya was given to Chandragupta Maurya.
  2. Ashoka gave up war after his defeat in Kalinga.
  3. Ashoka’s Dhamma was based on the principle of Buddhism.
  4. The lions on the currency notes is taken from the Rampurwa bull capital.

Answer:

  1. False
  2. False
  3. True
  4. False

V. Match the following :

a. Gana 1. Arthasastra
b. Megasthenese 2. Religious tours
c. Chanakya 3. people
d. Dharmayatras 4. Indica
(a) 3 4 1 2
(b) 2 4 3 1
(c) 3 1 2 4
(d) 2 1 4 3
Answer:
(a) 3 4 1 2

VI. Answer in one or two sentences

Question 1.
Mention any two literary
Answer:

  1. Secular Literature
  2. Religious Literature: Vedic, Jain, Buddhist texts and Puranas

Question 2.
What is a stupa?
Answer:

  1. A stupa is a semi-spherical dome-like structure. It is constructed on brick or stone.
  2. The buddha’s relics were placed in the centre.

Question 3.
Name the dynasties of Magadha.
Four dynasties ruled over Magadha Empire.

  1. The Haryanka dynasty
  2. The Shishunaga dynasty
  3. The Nanda dynasty
  4. The Maurya dynasty

Question 4.
What were the sources of revenue during Mauryan period?
Answer:

  1. The land was the most important source of revenue for the state. The land tax (bhaga) was 1/6 of the total produce.
  2. Additional revenue was taxes on forests, mines, salt and irrigation.

Question 5.
Who assisted Nagarika in the administration of towns?
Answer:
Sthanika and Gopa assisted Nagarika in the administration of towns.

Question 6.
What do you know from the Rock Edicts II and XIII of Ashoka?
Answer:
The Rock Edicts II and XIII of Ashoka refer to the names of three dynasties.

  1. Pandyas
  2. Cholas
  3. The Keralaputras and the Sathyaputras.

Question 7.
Which classical Tamil poetic works have the reference of Maurvans?
Answer:
Mamulahar’s poem in Agananuru gives the reference of the Mauryans.

VII. Answer the following :

Question 1.
What did Ashoka do to spread Buddhism?
Answer:

  1. Ashoka sent his son Mahinda and daughter Sanghamitta to Srilanka to propagate Buddhism.
  2. He also sent missionaries to West Asia, Egypt, and Eastern Europe to spread the message of Dhamma.
  3. The Dhamma-mahamattas were a new cadre of officials created by Ashoka.
  4. Their job was to spread dhamma all over the empire.
  5. Ashoka held the third Buddhist counil at his capital pataliputra.

Question 2.
Write any three causes for the rise of Magadha.
Answer:

  1. Magadha was located on the lower part of the Gangetic plain. The plain was fertile which ensured the rich agricultural yield. This provided income to the state.
  2. The thick forests supplied timber for construction of buildings and elephants for army.
  3. Abundance of natural resources especially iron enabled them to equip themselves with weapens made of iron.

VIII. HOTS:

Question 1.
Kalinga war became a turning paint in Ashoka’$ life. How?

  1. In the war of Kalinga, many people died.
  2. He understood that war only brings destruction of families.
  3. The Kalinga war had incredible influence over the personal life and policy of Ashoka.
  4. Hence Kalinga war proved to be a turning point in the life of Ashoka.
  5. He found his consolation in Buddhism.
  6. He was representing for his deeds. He embraced Buddhism and took the vow of \ inculcation ‘Dhamma’ to all men through out his life.
  7. He gave up the policy of Dig Vijay and adopted the policy of Dharma Vijay.

Question 2.
Write any five welfare measures you would do if you were a king like Ashoka.
Answer:

  1. Free education to all.
  2. Free food for the disabled, the aged, the sick and the needy.
  3. Free medical treatment to all the citizens.
  4. Free shelter for the homeless.
  5. Justice for all. Equality of gender, religion, caste.

IX. Picture Study

Question 1.
This is the picture off an Ashokan edict.

From Chiefdoms To Empires Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Hitory Solutions Term 2 Chapter 3

a. What are edicts?
b. How are Ashokan edicts useful?
c. Where were these edicts inscribed?
d. Name the script used in Sanchi Inscription.
e. How many Rock Edicts are there?
Answer:
(a) An Edict is an official order or proclamation issued by a person in authority or a king.
(b) Edicts are very informative about Ashoka’s belief in peace, righteousness, Justice and his concern for the welfare of the people.
(c) The edicts were inscribed on the pillars as well as boulders and cave walls made by the Emperor Ashoka.
(d) Brahmi Script.
(e) 33 Rock Edicts.

X. Who am I

  1. I belonged to Haryanka dynasty. I extended territory by matrimonial alliances. My son is Ajatasatru – who am I?
  2. I played a significant role in the transformation of society. I am used in making ploughshare – Who am I?
  3. I was known as Devanampiya. I embraced the path of peace – Who am I?
  4. I established the first largest empire in India. I performed Sallekhana. Who am I?
  5. Iam found in the Lion capital of Ashoka. I am at the centre of our national flag. Who am I?

Answer:

  1. Bimbisara
  2. Iron
  3. Ashoka
  4. Chandra Gupta Maurya
  5. Ashoka Chakra

XI. Decipher the code – The Mauryan Empire.
From Chiefdoms To Empires In Tamil Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Hitory Solutions Term 2

  1. The first dynasty that ruled over Magadha was ______ (8, 1, 18, 25, 1, 14, 11, 1).
  2. ______ empire was the first largest empire (13, 1, 21,18, 25, 1).
  3.  ______ laid the foundation of the new capital at Pataliputra. (21, 4, 1,25, 9,14).
  4.  ______ was one of the main exports (19, 16, 9, 3, 5, 19).
  5.  ______ became later the most renowned seat of learning. (14, 1, 12, 1, 14, 4, 1).
  6. Revenue from agricultural produce was called ______ (2, 8, 1, 7, 1).
  7. The horror of war was described in ______ (18, 15, 3, 11, 5, 4, 9, 3, 20)
  8. Greeks called Bindusara as ______ (1, 13, 9, 20, 18, 1,7, 1, 20, 8, 1)
  9. The crowning element in Saranath Pillar is ______ (4, 8,1, 18,13,1, 3, 8,1,11,18,1)
  10. Council of ministers were known as ______ (13, 1, 14, 4, 18, 9, 16, 1, 18, 9, 19, 8, 1,4)

Answer:

  1. HARYANKA
  2. MAURY
  3. UDAYIN
  4. SPICKS
  5. NALAINDA
  6. HAGA
  7. ROCK EDICT
  8. AMITRAG AT HA
  9. DHARMA CHAKRA
  10. MANDRIPARISHAD

XIII Map Work

  1. Mark the extent of Aihokan Empire.
  2. Mark the fallowing places a the river map of India

a. Taxila
b. Pataliputra
c. Ujjain
d. Sanchi
e. Indraprastha

From Chiefdoms To Empires Book Back Answers Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Hitory Solutions Term 2 Chapter 3

XIV Life Skill

Question 1.
Make a model of Ashoka Chakra.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 6th Social Science Term 2 Chapter 3 From Chiefdoms To Empires

Question 2.
Make a model of Sanchi Stupa.

Samacheerkalvi.Guru 6th Social Science Hitory Solutions Term 2 Chapter 3 From Chiefdoms To Empires

Question 3.
Draw and colour our National Flag

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Hitory Solutions Term 2 Chapter 3 From Chiefdoms To Empires image - 6

XV. Answer Grid:

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Hitory Solutions Term 2 Chapter 3 From Chiefdoms To Empires image - 7

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science From Chief Doms To Empires Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The earliest gathering places of men were
(a) Kingdoms
(b) Janapadas
(c) Mahajanapadas
(d) Republics
Answer:
(b) Janapadas

Question 2.
The capital city Pataliputra had ……………. gates to the city.
(a) 24
(b) 32
(c) 49
(d) 64
Answer:
(d) 64

Question 3.
Udavin belonged to dynasty.
(a) Nanda
(b) Shishunaga
(c) Haryanka
(d) Maurya
Answer:
(c) Haryanka

Question 4.
Kalasoka belonged to ……………. dynasty.
(a) Haryanka
(b) Shishunaga
(c) Nanda
(d) Maurya
Answer:
(b) Shishunaga

Question 5.
The name Vishnu Gupta refers to
(a) Ajata satru
(b) Ashoka
(c) Dhana nanda
(d) Chanakya
Answer:
(d) Chanakya

Question 6.
Simhasena refers to
(a) Chandragupta
(b) Bambisara
(c) Udayin
(d) Bindusara
Answer:
(a) Chandragupta

Question 7.
Ashoka sent his son and daughter to
(a) China
(b) Burma
(c) Srilanka
(d) Indonesia
Answer:
(c) Srilanka

Question 8.
Under the Mauryas, the king was
(a) Sovereign authority
(b) head of the Judiciary
(c) Commander of the Army
(d) All the three
Answer:
(d) All the three

Question 9.
The terms Sthanika and Gopa are related to Mauryan
(a) Council
(b) Assembly
(c) Army
(d) Town Administration
Answer:
(a) Council

Question 10.
Mashakas were made out of
(a) copper
(b) gold
(c) silver
(d) paper
Answer:
(a) copper

Question 11.
Dasharatha Maurya was the grand son of
(a) Bindusara
(b) Bimbisara
(c) Dhana Nanda
(d) Ashoka
Answer:
(d) Ashoka

II. Match the statement with the Reason. Tick the appropriate answer:

Question 1.
Statement (A) : Magadha’s gradual rise to political supremacy began with Bimbisara of Haryanka dynasty.
Reason (R) : Bimbisara extended the territory of Magadhan Empire by matrimonial alliances
(a) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(b) A is true but R is false.
(c) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(c) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 2.
Which of the statement given below is / are correct?
Statement I : Megasthenese was an Ambassador from Greece in the court of Chandragupta Maurya.
Statement II : Megasthenese – work ‘Indica’ is one of the main sources of the Mauryan Empire.
(a) Only II
(b) Only I
(c) Neither I nor II
(d) Both I and II
Answer:
(d) Both I and II

Question 3.
Consider the following statements and find out which of the following statements is/ are correct.

  1. Trade flourished under the Maurvans.
  2. Spices and Ivory works formed the main exports under the Mauryans

(a) only 1
(b) only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer:
(c) Both 1 and 2

Question 4.
Arrange the following rulers in Chronological order
(a) Bimbisara, Kalasoka, Mahapadma Nanda, Chandra Gupta
(b) Chandra Gupta, Mahapadma Nanda, Bimbisara, Kalasoka
(c) Kalasoka, Bimbisara, Chandra Gupta, Mahapadma Nanda
(d) Mahapadma Nanda, Chandra Gupta, Kalasoka, Bimbisara
Answer:
(a) Bimbisara, Kalasoka, Mahapadma Nanda, Chandra Gupta

Question 5.
Which of the following factors contributed to the decline of the Mauryan Empire?

  1. Weak successors
  2. Continuous revolts
  3. Invasion by Bactrian Greeks
  4. Regular and substantial income to the state.

(a) 3 and 4 only
(b) All of these
(c) 1,2 and 3 only
(d) 1,2 and 4 only.
Answer:
(c) 1,2 and 3 only

III. Fill in the blanks:

  1. The term ‘gana’ means ______.
  2. Sixteen dooted the indo – Gangetic plain in the sixth century BC
  3. The thick forests supplied _______ for the construction of buildings
  4. Kalasoka belonged to ______dynasty
  5. Mahapadma Nanda was succeeded by his eight sons known as_______
  6. The tearm nalanda means_______
  7. Megasthanese stayed in India for _________ Years.
  8. The teacher and advisor to Emperor Chandra Gupta Maurya was ______
  9. Chandragupta performed ________ in Sravanbelgola.
  10. Chandragupta Maurya’s son was ______
  11. Bindusara was succeeded by his son ______
  12. Ashoka was known as ‘Devanam Piya’ which means ______
  13. Ashoka’s Dhamma contained the essence of ________
  14. The third Buddhist council was held at ______
  15. The first Buddhist council was held at ______
  16. The second Buddhist council was held at ______
  17. The foundation for the new capital at Pataliputra was laid by _____
  18. The highest court of appeal under the Mauryans was _______
  19. Status of Yakshas and Yakshis belonged to the _______
  20. Three caves in Barabar hills have dedicative inscriprion of __________

Answer:

  1. people of equal status
  2. Mahajanapadas
  3. timber
  4. Sishunaga
  5. Navanandas
  6. No stopping of the gift of knowledge
  7. 14
  8. Chanakya / Vishnugupta/ Kautilyal
  9. Sallekhanai
  10. Bindusaral
  11. Ashokal
  12. beloved of the Gods
  13. All religions
  14. Pataliputraj
  15. Raj agriha
  16. Vaishali
  17. Udayin
  18. The king
  19. Indigenous
  20. Ashoka

IV. State True or False:

  1. Mahavira and Buddha represented the new awakening in the sixth century BC (BCE)
  2. Among the four Mahajana padas Vatsa emerged as an empire.
  3. Haryanka dynasty was succeeded by Sishunaga dynasty.
  4. Seleucus wrote the book Indica.
  5. Chanakya is called the Architect of the Mauryan Empire.
  6. After the battle of Kalinga, Ashoka became a Buddhist.
  7. Ashoka emphasised on obedience and respect for parents, preceptors and elders.
  8. Council of Ministers referred to Mantriparishad.
  9. Mauryans were not aware of spy system.
  10. Under the Mauryan administration punishments were very mild.

Answer:

  1. True
  2. False
  3. False
  4. False
  5. True
  6. True
  7. True
  8. True
  9. False
  10. False

V. Match the following:

  1. Panchala (a) Foreign Notice
  2. Mahavamsa (b) Daughter
  3. Ashoka (c) Proclamation
  4. Sangamithra (d) Mahajanapada
  5. Edict (e) Governor of Ujjain

Answer:

  1. (d)
  2. (a)
  3. (e)
  4. (c)

VI. Answer in one or two sentences :

Question 1.
Explain the term kingdom.
Answer:

  1. Kingdom means a territory ruled by a king or queen.
  2. In a kingdom (monarchy), a family, which rules for a long period becomes a dynasty.
  3. Usually these kingdoms adhered to orthodox Vedic traditions.

Question 2.
Who was Bhadrabahu?
Answer:

  1. Bhadrabahu was a Jain monk.
  2. He took Chandragupta Maurya to South India.

Question 3.
Name the sixteen Mahajanapadas.
Answer:
Name of the Sixteen Mahajanapadas are
Anga, Magadha, Vajji, Malla, Kasi, Kura, Kosala, Avanti, Chedi, Vatsa, Panchala, Machcha, Surasena, Assaka, Gandhara and Kamboja.

Question 4.
Write a note on Megasthenese.
Answer:

  1. Megasthenese was the ambassador of the Greek ruler, Seleucus.
  2. He lived in the court of ChandraGupta Maurya.
  3. He stayed in India for 14 years.
  4. He wrote the book Indica, one of the main sources for the study of Mauryan Empire.

Question 5.
Write about Pataliputra.
Answer:

  1. Pataliputra was the capital of the Mauryan Empire.
  2. It has 64 gates to the city with 570 watch towers.

Question 6.
Why is Chanakya known as the architect of the Mauryan empire?
Answer:

  1. Chanakya was the teacher and advisor to Emperor Chandragupta Mauryan.
  2. His treatise on statecraft ‘Arthashastra’ was a very great guide for rulers.
  3. Hence he is referred to as the architect of the Mauryan empire.

Question 7.
Explain Ashoka’s Dhamma.
Answer:

  1. The meaning of Dhamma is explained in Ashoka’s – Pillar Edict II.
  2. It contained the noblest ideas of humanism, forming the essence of all religions.
  3. He laid stress On Compassion, Charity, Purity, Saintliness, Self-control, Truthfulness, Obedience and respect for parents, preceptors and elders.

Question 8.
Mention the different wings of the Mauryan army.
Answer:

  1. Under the Mauryan army, a board of 30 members divided into six committees with five members on each, monitored
  2. Navy, Armoury (transport and supply), Infantry, Cavalry, The war chariots and The war elephants.

Question 9.
Mention the regions which produced specialised textiles under the Mauryas.
Answer:
The regions which produced specialised textiles under the Mauryas were Kasi (Benares), Vanga (Bengal), Kamarupa (Assam) and Madurai in Tamilnadu.

Question 10.
What were the exports and imports of the Mauryans?
Answer:

  1. Main exports were Spices, Pearls, Diamonds, Cotton textiles, Ivory Works, Conch Shells.
  2. Main Imports were Horses, Gold, Glassware, Linen.

Question 11.
Mention the two divisions of the Mauryan art.
Answer:
Mauryan art can be divided into two.

  1. Indigenous Art – Statues of Yakshas and Yakshis.
  2. Royal Art – Palaces and Public buildings, Monolithic Pillars, Rock cut Architecture, ‘ Stupas.

Question 12.
Who were Yakshas and Yakshis?
Answer:

  1. Yakshas were deities connected with water, fertility, trees, the forest and wilderness,
  2. Yakshis were their female counterpart.

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Mention the role of iron in changing a society.
Answer:

  1. Iron played a significant role in this transformation of society.
  2. The fertile soil of the Gangetic Valley and the use of iron ploughshares improved , agricultural productivity.
  3. Iron facilitated craft production.
  4. Agrarian surplus and increase in craft products resulted in the emergence of trading and exchange centres.
  5. There were rise of towns and cities.

Question 2.
Write about the revenue system of the Mauryans.

  1. The land was the most important source of revenue for the state.
  2. Bali and Bagha as taxes collected from people.
  3. The land tax (bhaga) collected was 1/6 of the total produce.
  4. Revenue from taxes on forests, mines, salt and irrigation provided additional revenue to the government.
  5. Much of the State revenue was spent on paying the army, the officials of the royal government, on charities and on different public works.

Question 3.
Mention the reasons for the decline of the Mauryan empire.
Answer:

  1. Ashoka’s successors were very weak.
  2. Continuous revolts in different parts of the empire.
  3. Invasion by the Bactrian Greeks weakened the empire.
  4. Pacifist policy of Ashoka weakened the military strength.
  5. Last Maurya ruler Brihadratha was killed by his commander Pushyamitra Sungha.

VIII. HOTS:

Question 1.
State the salient feature of the Lion Capital of Ashoka.
Answer:

  1. The lion capital of Ashoka is a sculpture of four Asiatic lions standing back to back on an elaborate base.
  2. This base includes other animals.
  3. A graphic representation of it was adopted as the official emblem of India in 1950.
  4. It was originally placed atop the Ashoka pillar at the important Buddhist site of Samath by the Emperor Ashoka, in about 250 BCE.
  5. The pillar, sometimes called the Ashoka Column, is still in its original location.
  6. But the Lion Capital is now in the Samath Museum, in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
  7. It is 7 feet high including the base.
  8. The Ashoka Chakra is a depiction on the Buddhist Dharma Chakra with 24 spokes.

Question 2.
One of the seven wonders of Ancient world – Great wall of China – Prove.
Answer:

  1. The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials.
  2. It is built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China.
  3. It was built to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe.
  4. It was built by Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Little of that wall remains.
  5. The Great Wall has been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced over various dynasties.

Question 3.
The temple of Zeus at Olympia is an important piece of art in Greek history. – Do you agree?
Answer:

  1. The temple of Zeus at Olympia was an ancient Greek temple in Olympia, Greece.
  2. It was dedicated to the God Zeus.
  3. The temple was built in the second quarter of the 5th Century BCE.
  4. Zeus is the Sky and Thunder God in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the Gods of Mount Olympus.

Question 4.
What do you about the Lomas Rishi cave, Barabar.
Answer:

  1. The Lomas Rishi Cave, also called the Grotto of Lomas Rishi, is one of the man¬’ made Barabar Caves in the Barabar and Nagarjuni hills of Jehanabad district in Bihar.
  2. This rock-cut cave was carved out as a sanctuary.
  3. It was built during the Ashokan period of the Maurya Empire in the 3rd century BC.

Question 5.
Nalanda served as a great source of knowledge. Prove.
Answer:

  1. Nalanda was a large Buddhist monastery, in the ancient kingdom of Magadha (modern-day Bihar) in India.
  2. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  3. Nalanda flourished under the patronage of the Gupta Empire in the 5th and 6th centuries.
  4. The word Nalanda is a Sanskrit combination of three words Na + alam + daa meaning “no stopping of the gift of knowledge”.
  5. The school attracted scholars and students from near and far with some travelling from Tibet, China, Korea and Central Asia

Question 6.
State the importance of Girnar Inscription of Rudradaman.
Answer:

  1. The Junagarh / Gimar Inscription gives the information about the Sudarshana Lake
  2. This lake was an artificial reservoir.
  3. The Construction was begun during the time of Chandra Gupta Maurya and completed during Ashoka’s reign.
  4. It was built by the Mauryan kings to check floods.
  5. Around 150AD, lake was repaired by the Shaka ruler Rudradaman I.
  6. Again it was repaired under the Skandagupta’s reign by his Governor Pamadatta.

IX. Who am I

  1. I Practise egalitarian traditions.
  2. I supply elephants for army.
  3. I was overthrown by Chandra Gupta Maurya.
  4. I wrote a treatise on state craft.
  5. I was called by the Greeks as ‘slayer of enemies’.
  6. I carry an official order or proclamation issued by a king.
  7. I am the crowning element of Saranath Pillar.
  8. I am known as Patna now. Originally who was I?

Answer:

  1. Gana-Sangha
  2. Thick forests
  3. Dhana Nanda
  4. Chanakya
  5. Bindusara
  6. Edict
  7. Dharmachakra
  8. Pataliputra

X. Decipher the code – The Mauryan. Empire.
Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Hitory Solutions Term 2 Chapter 3 From Chiefdoms To Empires image - 2

  1. It means a territory ruled by a king or queen ______ (11, 9, 14, 7, 4, 15, 13).
  2. He shifted the Capital from Rajagirha to Pataliputra. (11, 1, 12,1, 19, 15, 11, 1).
  3. One of the religions sources of the Mauryan Empire ______ (16,21,18,1,14,1, 19).
  4. It is a part of our National Flag. (1, 19, 18,15, 11, 1,3,8, 1, 11, 19, 1).
  5. Construction of this lake was begun during the time of Chandra Gupta Mauryan and completed during Ashoka’s reign ______ (19, 21, 4, 1, 18, 19, 8, 1, 14, 1).
  6. One of the main exports of the Mauryan Period. (4, 9, 1, 13, 15, 14, 4, 19).
  7. Statues of Yakshas and Yakshi come under the ______ art of the Mauryans,(9, 14, 4, 9, 7, 5, 14, 15, 14,21, 19)
  8. Ancient name of Odisha. (11, 1, 12, 9, 14, 7, 1).

Answers:

  1. KINGDOM
  2. KALASOK
  3. PURANAS
  4. ASHOKA CHAKRA
  5. SUDARSH ANA
  6. DIAMONDS
  7. INDIGENOUS
  8. KALLNGA

Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Grammar Spot The Error

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Grammar Spot The Error

English Subject experts who are having max years of experience prepared this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 10th English Grammar Spot The Error Questions and Answers. They have explained all the topics covered in the board prescribed latest syllabus in a simple way to understand easily. So, students can prepare English from this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Questions and Answers PDF. Download the Tamilnadu State Board 10th English Workbook Answers PDF by accessing the below links and learn properly for the final exams to score well.

Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences.
1. People of diverse cultures live together in India.
People of diverse cultures live together in India.

2. Geoffrey Chaucer is considered to be the ‘Father for English Literature’ and the greatest poet of the Middle Ages.
Geoffrey Chaucer is considered by many to be the ‘Father for English Literature’ and the greatest poet of the Middle Ages.

3. The two first units of the text book are boring.
The first two units of the text book are boring.

4. She only lost her glasses in the stampede.
Only she lost her glasses in the stampede.

5. William Wordsworth is born in 1770 and helped developed a new literary movement called Romanticism.
William Wordsworth was bom in 1770 and helped develop a new literary movement called Romanticism.

6. He put of his coat.
He put off his coat.

7. He sat besides John.
He sat beside John.

8. There is nothing much selfish much you can do than come for work sick.
There is nothing more selfish much you can do than come to work sick.

9. Elimination for child lablour is undoubtedly for one of the biggest challenges facing our country.
Elimination of child lablour is undoubtedly for one of the biggest challenges facing our country.

10. The bird flew above the ocean.
The bird flew over the ocean.

11. It is a five – years integrated degree course.
It is a five – year integrated degree course.

12. One must finish his duty on time.
One must finish one’s duty on time.

13. Today, democracy is often assumed to be a liberal form at governance.
Today, democracy is often assumed to be a liberal form of governance.

14. Overeating is one of the more wonderful practices among those which think that they can afford it.
Overeating is one of the most wonderful practices among those who think that they can afford it.

15. The opening ceremony for the 2016 Summer Olympic Games takes place in the Maracana stadium.
The opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympic Games took place in the Maracana stadium.

16. No less than forty persons were hurt in the accident.
No fewer than forty people were hurt in the accident.

17. It is one of the most memorable day in my life.
It is one of the most memorable days in my life.

18. I regard Ram my friend.
I regard Ram as my friend.

19. The mobile phone neither went dead or worked properly.
The mobile phone neither went dead nor worked properly.

20. One must finish his work in time.
One must finish one’s work in time.

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Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Clipped Words

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Clipped Words, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Clipped Words

Clipping is a process of coining a new word. It is done by removing a portion of the original word.
For example: document – doc

Clipped Words For 12th English Question 1.
Choose the clipped word for airplane”.
(a) aer
(b) aerop
(c) aero
(d) plane
Answer:
(d) plane

Clipped Word For Internet Question 2.
Choose the clipped word for “biology”.
(a) bio
(b) biol
(c) logy
(d) Biolog
Answer:
(a) bio

12th English Clipped Words Question 3.
Choose the clipped word for the word “cafeteria”.
(a) caf
(b) cafe
(c) tena
(a) cafet
Answer:
(b) cafe

Clipped Word For Promenade Question 4.
Choose the clipped word for “champion”.
(a) chap
(b) pion
(c) ch ion
(d) champ
Answer:
(d) champ

Clipped Word For Cafeteria Question 5.
Choose the clipped word for “Chemistry”.
(a) Chemist
(b) Mistry
(c) Chern
(d) Chemis
Answer:
(c) Chem

Clipped Form Of Cafeteria Question 6.
Choose the clipped word for “chimpanzee”.
(a) chimpan
(b) chimp
(c) panzee
(d) chirn
Answer:
(b) chimp

Clipped Word Of Chemistry Question 7.
Choose the clipped word tòr “coeducational”.
(a) co-ed
(b) co-edu
(c) co-educate
(d) co-educ
Answer:
(a) co-ed

Cafeteria Clipped Word Question 8.
Choose the clipped word for “Internet”.
(a) mt
(b) intern
(c) net
(d) inter
Answer:
(c) net

Clipped Words Pdf Question 9.
Choose the clipped word for “graduate”.
(a) grate
(b) grad
(c) grade
(d) gradu
Answer:
(b) grad

Clipped Word Of Internet Question 10.
Choose the clipped word for “electronic mail”.
(a) E-mail
(b) electro-mail
(c) elect-mail
(d) e-mail
Answer:
(d) e-mail

Clipped Word For Information Question 11.
Choose the clipped word for ‘dormitory”.
(a) dort
(b) dorm
(c) dormi
(d) dormit
Answer:
(b) dorm

Clipped Form Of Hippopotamus Question 12.
Choose the clipped word for “fabulous”.
(a) fabul
(b) falous
(c) fab
(d) fabu
Answer:
(c) fab

Clipped Word Question 13.
Choose the clipped word for the word “information”.
(a) info
(b) inform
(c) ino
(d) infrm
Answer:
(a) info

Clipped Word For University Question 14.
Choose the clipped word for “gasoline”.
(a) galine
(b) gas
(c) gasol
(d) gaso
Answer:
(b) gas

Clipped Word For Demarcate Question 15.
Choose the clipped word for “hippopotamus”.
(a) hipot
(b) potamus
(c) hipo
(d) hippo
Answer:
(d) hippo

Clipped Word For Pianoforte Question 16.
Choose the clipped word for “teenager”.
(a) tee
(b) teenag
(c) teen
(d) ager
Answer:
(c) teen

Question 17.
Choose the clipped word for “luncheon”.
(a) lunch
(b) lunchon
(c) leon
(d) lunchen
Answer:
(a) lunch

Question 18.
Choose the clipped word for “moving picture”.
(a) mpic
(b) mopic
(c) movepic
(d) movie
Answer:
(d) movie

Question 19.
Choose the clipped
(a) piano word for “pianoforte”.
(b) piaf
(c) pionofort
(d) piaforte
Answer:
(a) piano

Question 20.
Choose the clipped
(a) prade word for “promenade”.
(b) promade
(c) prom
(d) promade
Answer:
(c) prom

Question 21.
Choose the clipped
(a) reftor word for ‘refrigerator’.
(b) refrig
(c) gerator
(d) fridge
Answer:
(d) fridge

Question 22.
Choose the clipped
(a) chronise word for “synchronise”.
(b)synchron
(c) sync
(d) synchro
Answer:
(d) vet

Question 23.
Choose the clipped
(a) rhin word for the word “rhinoceros”.
(b) rhino
(c) rhinoce
(d) ceros
Answer:
(c) sync

Question 24.
Choose the clipped
(a) stats word for “statistics”.
(b) statis
(c) static
(d) statist
Answer:
(b) rhino

Question 25.
Choose the clipped word for “veterinarian”.
(a) vetem
(b) vetrin
(c) veter
(d) vet
Answer:
(a) stats

Some more examples of clipped words:

1agricultureagri Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Clipped Words
2.alchemistchemist
3.alumni/alumnaalum
4.amendmend
5.apollinarispolly
6.automobileauto
7.beautifulbeauty
8.biologybio
9.botanybot
10.brassierebra
11.brotherbro
12.burst Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Clipped Wordsbust
13.buttocksbutt
14.cablegramcable
15.calculuscalc
16.cellphonecell
17.centumcent
18.clericclerk
19.coattailstails
20.coca-cola / cocainecoke
21.coeducationalcoed
22.comprehensivecomp
23.condominiumcondo
24.co-operativeco-op
25.cousin Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Clipped Wordscous
26.cucumbercuke
27.daddydad
28.daily paperdaily
29.delicatessen / delicacydeli
30.dental / dentistrydent
31.detectivetec
32.differentialdiff
33.disportsport
34.distillstill          ;
35.doctordoc
36.dormitorydorm
37.draperydrape
38.earthquakequake
39.ecologyeco
40.enthusiasmenthu
41.examinationexam
42.fabulous Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Clipped Wordsfab
43.faggotfag
44.fraternityfrat
45.gabblegab
’46.gentlemangent
47.Gypsygyp
48.hackneyhack
49.head-shrinkershrink
50.homosexualhomo
51.jet aircraftjet
52.laboratorylab
53.lavatorylav
54.limousinelimo
55.literaturelit
56.lubricatelube
57.mathematicsmaths
58,maximummax
59.medical Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Clipped Wordsmedic
60.memorandummemo
61.mistressmiss
62.mobile vulgusmob
63.modemmod
64.mommymom
65.motorcarcar
66.non-vegetariannon-veg
67.oleomargarinemargarine
68.parachutechute
69.parole dhonneurparole
70.penitentiarypen
71.pepper Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Clipped Wordspep
72.percolate / perquisiteperk
73.periwigwig
74.petroleumpetro
75.photographphoto
76.popularpop
77.presidentpres
78.professionalpro
79.professorprof
80.psychologypsych
81.public housepub
82.pugnaciouspug
83.pajamasjams/jammies
84.quadrangle / quadraphonicquad
85.raccooncoon
86.referee/referenceref          ‘
87.representativerep
88.revolution/reverendrev
89.robot Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Clipped Wordsbot
90.saxophonesax
91.schizophrenicschizo
92.scramblescram
93.squadronsquad
94.specificationsspecs
95.sweatsuitsweats
96.synchronizesync
97.teacherteach
98.technicaltech
99.telephonephone
100.televisiontele
101.trigonometrytrig
102.triumph Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Clipped Wordstrump
103.trombonebone
104.turnpikepike
105.tuxedotux
106.tympanitymps
107.universal jointU joint
108.universityvarsity
109.vegetarianveg
110.veteran / veterinarianvet
111.websiteweb
112.zoological gardenzoo

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science History Solutions Term 3 Chapter 2 Status of Women in India through the Ages

Students can Download Social Science History Chapter 2 Status of Women in India through the Ages Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science History Solutions Term 3 Chapter 2 Status of Women in India through the Ages

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Status of Women in India through the Ages Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answer:

Status Of Women In India Through The Ages Question 1.
…………… society is constantly changing with additions, assimilation and omissions from within and outside.
(a) Human
(b) Animal
(c) Forest
(d) Nature
Answer:
(a) Human

Question 2.
The First woman doctor in India was
(a) Dharmambal
(b) Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar
(c) Moovalur Ramamirdham
(d) Panditha Ramabai
Answer:
(b) Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar

Question 3.
The practice of sat was abolished in.
(a) 1827
(b) 1828
(c) 1829
(d) 1830
Answer:
(c) 1829

Question 4.
B.M Malabar was a
(a) teacher
(b) doctor
(c) lawyer
(d) journalist
Answer:
(d) journalist

Question 5.
Which of the following was/were the reform movement(s)?
(a) Brahma Samaj
(b) Prarthana Samaj
(c) Arya Samaj
(d) all the above
Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 6.
The Bethune school was founded in by J.E.D. Bethune.
(a) 1848
(b) 1849
(c) 1850
(d) 1851
Answer:
(b) 1849

Question 7.
Which commission recommended to start primary schools for girls in 1882?
(a) Wood’s
(b) Welly
(c) Hunter
(d) Muddiness
Answer:
(c) Hunter

Question 8.
Sara’s child Marriage Bill fixing the minimum marriageable age for girls at.
(a) 11
(b) 12
(c) 13
(d) 14
Answer:
(d) 14

II. Fill in the Blanks:

  1. ……………. society was setup by the Christian missionaries in 1819.
  2. ……………. of Sivaganga fought bravely against the British.
  3. Servants of India Society was started by ……………
  4. ……………. was the one of the greatest social reformer of Tamil Nadu.
  5. Kandukuri Veeresalingam published a journal called …………….

III. Match the following:

  1. Theosophical society – Italian traveler
  2. Sarada Sadan – Social evil
  3. Wood’s Despatch – Annie Besant
  4. Niccolo Conti – Pandita RamaBhai
  5. Dowry – 1854

Answer:

  1. Theosophical society — Annie Besant
  2. Sarada Sadan — Pandita RamaBhai
  3.  Wood’s Despatch — 1854
  4. Niccolo Conti — Italian traveler
  5. Dowry — Social evil

IV. State True or False:

  1. Women were honoured in Rig Vedic period.
  2. Devadasi system was a social evil.
  3. Raja Rammohan Roy, was the pioneer of Indian social reform movement.
  4. Reservation of 23 percent to women envisaged an improvement in the sociopolitical status of women.
  5. The age of marriage was raised for boys and girls by the Sharda Act of 1930.

Answer:

  1. True
  2. True
  3. True
  4. False
  5. True

V. Choose the correct statement:

Question 1.
Find out the correct pair:
(a) Women’s university – Prof. D.K. Karve
(b) Justice Ranade – Arya Samaj
(c) Widow Remarriage Act – 1855
(d) Rani Lakshmi Bhai – Delhi
Answer:
(a) Women’s university – Prof. D.K. Karve

Question 2.
Find the odd
(a) Child marriage devadasi system)
(b) sati
(c) devadasi system
(d) widow remarriage
Answer:
(d) widow remarriage

Question 3.
Consider the following Statements
i) Begum Hazarat Mahal, Rani Lakshmi Bhai led an armed revolt against the British
ii) Velunachiyar of Sivaganga, Tamil Nadu fought bravely against the British Which of the statement (s) given above is/or correct?
(a) i only
(b) ii only
(c) i and ii
(d) neither i nor ii
Answer:
(c) i and ii

Question 4.
Assertion (A): Raja Rammohan Roy is most remembered by all Indians
Reason (R): He wiped out the evil practice of Sati form the Indian Society
(a) A and R are wrong
(b) A is correct and R is Wrong
(c) A is correct and R explains A
(d) A is correct and R does not explain A
Answer:
(c) A is correct and R explains A

VI. Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Quesstion 1.
Name the prominent leaders who fought for the enlistment of women.
Answer:
During the British Raj, many socioreligious reformers like Raja Rammohan Roy, Dayananda Saraswathi, Keshab Chandra Sen, Iswara Chandra Vidya Sagar, Pandita Ramabai, Dr. Muthulakshmi, Jyoti rao phule, Periyar E.V.R, Dr. Dharmambal were the prominent leaders who fought for the upliftment of women.

Question 2.
List out some social evils.
Answer:
Sat, child marriages, female infanticide, Purdah system and slavery were some of the social evils that existed in Indian Society.

Question 3.
Who were the notable women during the medieval period?
Answer:
Some of the notable women during the medieval period were Razia sultana, Queen Durgavati, Chand bibi, Nurjahan, Jahan nara, Jijabai and Mira bai.

Question 4.
Mention the important women freedom fighters of India.
Answer:
Velunachiyar of Sivaganga, Begum Hazrat Mahal and Rani Lakshmi Bhai of Jhansi were important women freedom fighters of India.

Question 5.
Give a note on Sati.
Answer:

  1. Sati was social evil that prevailed in Indian Society especially among the Rajputs,
  2. The feudal society of the time encouraged “sati” which meant self-immolation of the widow on the funeral pyre of her husband.
  3. Earlier it was a voluntary act but later by the relatives forced the widow to sit on the funeral pyre.

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Trace the role of women in freedom struggle.
Answer:

  • The spread of female education led to several other social reforms of great consequences, such as the abolition of purdah system, participation of women in the freedom struggle.
  •  In the early anti-colonial Struggle women played major roles in various capacities,
  • Velunachiyar of Sivaganga fought violently against the British and restored her rule in Sivaganga.
  •  Begum Hazrat Mahal, Rani Lakshmi Bhai of Jhansi led an armed revolt of 1857* against the British.
  • In the freedom struggle thousands of women came out of their homes, boycotted foreign goods, marched in processions, defied laws, received lathi charges and Courted jails.

Quesstion 2.
Explain the contribution of the Social Reformers for the eradication of social evils.
Answer:
The contribution of the social reformers for the eradication of social evils is listed below.
(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy:

  • Raja Rammohan Roy was, the pioneer of Indian social reform movement by abolishing sati in 1829 with the help of Lord William Bentinck.
  • He also protested against the child marriage and female infanticide and favoured the remarriage of widows.

(b) Ishwar Chandra Vidhyasagar:

  • Ishwar Chandra Vidhyasagar carried on the movement for female education, widow remarriage and abolition of polygamy in Bengal.
  • He was instrumental to passing of the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act in 1856.
  •  His son Narayanachandra set an example to others by marrying a widow of his choice.

(c) Kandukuri Veeresalingam:

  • Veeresalingam Pantulu published a journal Viveka Vardhani.
  • He opened his first girls’ school in 1874, and made widow remarriage and female education the key points of his programme for social reform.

(d) M.G. Ranade and B.M. Malabari:

  • In Bombay presidency, M.G. Ranade and B.M. Malabari carried on the movement
    for the upliftment of women.
  • In 1869, Ranade joined the Widow Remarriage Association and encouraged widow remarriage and female education.
  • He opposed child marriage..
  • In 1884, B.M. Malabari, a journalist, started a movement for the abolition of child marriage.

(e) Gopal Krishna Gokhale:
In 1905, Gopal Krishna Gokhale started the Servants of India Society to reform the society with various measures.

(f) Periyar E.V.R:
Periyar E.V.R. was one of the greatest social reformers of Tamil Nadu. He advocated upliftment of women education, widow remarriage and opposed child marriages.

(g) Women Reformers:

  • In 1889, Pandita Ramabai opened Sarada Sadan for Hindu widows in Bombay.
  • Dr. Annie Besant established Theosophical society to developed general social reform programme.
  • Dr. S.Dharmambal showed great interest in implementing widow remarriage and women education.
  • Moovalur Ramamirdham Ammaiyar opposed Devadasi system along with Dr. Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar.

Question 3.
Give a detailed account on the Impact of reform movement.
Answer:

  • Significant advances were made in the field of emancipation of women.
  • It created of national awakening among the masses.
  • It created the feeling of sacrifice, service and rationalism.
  • The practice of sati and infanticide were made illegal.
  • It permitted widow remarriage.
  • The following legislations have enhanced the status of women in matters of marriage adoption and inheritance.

Legislation Provisions:

  • Bengal regulation of XXI, 1804 – Female infanticide was declared illegal
  • Regulation of XVII, 1829 – Practice of sat was declared illegal
  • Hindus Widow’s Remarriage Act, 1856 – It permitted widow remarriage
  • The Native Marriage Act, 1872 – The Child Marriage was prohibited
  • The Sharda Act, 1930 – The age of marriage was raised for boys and girls
  • Devadasi abolition Act, 1947 – It abolished Devadasi system

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Status of Women in India through the Ages Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Which of the following put limitations and restrictions on the liberty of women?
(a) New Social practices
(b) New Customs
(c) New Systems
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 2.
Who fought for the upliftment of women?
(a) Keshab Chandra Sen
(b) Jyoti rao Phule
(c) Pandit Rama Bai
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 3.
When was there a transitional development in the status of women restricting her role in the social life?
(a) In Indus Valley Civilization
(b) In Rig Vedic period
(c) In Later Vedic period
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) In Later Vedic period

Question 4.
The social evils which affected the position of women in the medieval period was / were ……………..
(a) Purdah system
(b) Slavery
(c) Female infanticide
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 5.
The Mughal ruler …………… attempted to abolish sati.
(a) Aurangazeb
(b) Jahangir
(c) Akbar
(d) Babar
Answer:
(c) Akbar

Question 6.
Female infanticide was particularly in vogue in ……………
(a) Rajputana
(b) North Western Provinces
(c) Punjab
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 7.
Sati was abolished during the time of …………….
(a) Lord William Bentinck
(b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Lord Wellesley
(d) Lord Dalhousie
Answer:
(a) Lord William Bentinck

Question 8.
The person who was nominated to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council in 1929 was ……………
(a) Moovalur Ramamirdham
(b) Dr. Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar
(c) Pandit Rama Bai
(d) Rajaji
Answer:
(b) Dr. Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar

Question 9.
The person who was responsible for the abolition of polygamy in Bengal was.
(a) Raja Ram
(b) Dayananda Saraswathi,
(c) Periyar E.V.R
(d) Vidya Sagar
Answer:
(d) Vidya Sagar

Question 10.
Ranade started the National Social Conference in.
(a) 1829
(b) 1853
(c) 1887
(d) 1882
Answer:
(c) 1887

Question 11.
Dr. Annie Besant came to India from
(a) U.S.A
(b) Europe
(c) AustraliaAfrica
(d) Africa
Answer:
(b) Europe

Quesstion 12.
Dr. S. Dharmambal was very much influenced by the ideas of
(a) Gokhale
(b) Periyar
(c) Rajaji
(d) None ofthe above
Answer:
(b) Periyar

Question 13.
The National Commission for women was set up by January
(a) 1947
(b) 1950
(c) 1992
(d) 2000
Answer:
(c) 1992

II. Fill in the blanks:

  1. The position of women was not ……………. in all periods.
  2. The widow remarriage Act was passed in ……………..
  3. Among the Rajputs of Rajasthan ……………. was practiced.
  4. Purdah system became popular as a result of ……………. invasion.
  5. J.E.D. Bethune was the president of the council of education in ……………..
  6.  In ……………. the women’s medical service did a lot of work in training mid-wives.
  7. D.K. Karve established a number of female schools in ……………..
  8. Lady Harding Medical College was started in ……………..
  9. Bengal Regulatory Act XXI of 1795 banned the practice of …………….
  10. Child marriage was prevalent among the …………….
  11. Radhakanta Deb, and Bhawani Charan Banerji advocated the orthrodox Hindu opinion against the abolition of …………….
  12. The Person who was instrumental in passing the “Devadasi abolition bill” was …………….
  13. Narayanachandra was the son of …………….
  14. Pandit Ramabai’s greatest legacy was her effort to educate …………….
  15. Equal opportunity and equal pay for equal work in guaranteed by the Indian Constitution through …………….

Answer:

  1. uniform
  2. 1856
  3. Jauhar
  4. Muslim
  5. Calcutta
  6. 1914
  7. poona
  8. Delhi
  9. Female Infanticide
  10. tribes
  11. Sati
  12. Periyar E.V. Ramasamy
  13. Iswar Chandra Vidya sagar
  14. Widows
  15. Article 14

III. Match the following:

  1. Raja Rammohan Roy – a) Opened first girl’s school
  2. Vidhyasagar – b) Women Reformer
  3. Veeresalingam – c) Revolt of 1857
  4. Tarabai Shinde – d) Abolition of Sati
  5. Rani Laxmi Bai – e) Widow Remarriage

Answer:

  1. d
  2. e
  3. a
  4. b
  5. c

IV. State True or False:

  1. Women enjoyed equal rights among the later Vedic period.
  2. The social reformers rightly realised that female education as an emancipating agent in eradicating social evils.
  3. The position of wife was honoured during the ancient period of India.
  4. The patriarchal system was flexible in later vedic period.
  5. Sati was in practice particularly among the royal and upper strata of the society.
  6. The major effect of national awakening in the nineteenth century was seen in the field of social reform.
  7. Charles Wood’s despatch recommended female education in 1857.
  8. The Indian Women’s University was started in 1919.
  9. In 1846, the minimum marriageable age for a girl was only 14 years.
  10. Niccolo Conti was an Italian Traveller.
  11. Moovalur Ramamirdham fought for the emancipation of the Devadasi.
  12. M.G. Ranade opposed child marriage.
  13. Sarada Sadan was stated by Tarabai Shinde.
  14. The Native Marriage Act was passed in 1872.
  15. The National policy on Education of 1986 was passed for empowerment of women.

Answer:

  1. False
  2. True
  3. True
  4. False
  5. True
  6. True
  7. False
  8. False
  9. False
  10. True
  11. True
  12. True
  13. False
  14. True
  15. True

V. Choose the correct statement:

Question 1.
Find out the correct pair.
(a) Gokhale – Servants of India Society
(b) Veereslingam – The Indian Women’s University
(c) Jagan Mohan Roy – Abolition of Sati
(d) Serampore missionaries – Female infanticide
Answer:
(a) Gokhale – Servants of India Society

Question 2.
Find the odd one out.
(a) Raja Ram
(b) Dayananda saraswathi
(c) Niccolo Conti
(d) Rama Bai
Answer:
(c) Niccolo conti

Question 3.
Consider the following Statements
i) Akbar made obligatory for the parents to obtain the approval of both the bride and the bridegroom before the marriage.
ii) According to Bengal regulation of XXI, 1804 Female infanticide was declared illegal. Which of the statement
given above is/or correct?
(a) i only
(b) ii only
(c) i and ii
(d) neither i nor ii
Answer:
(c) i and ii

Question 4.
Assertion (A): Veeresalingam Pantulu was the earliest champion in South India of women’s emancipation.
Reason (R) : Veeresalingam opened his first girls’ school in 1874 and made widow remarriage and female
education the key points of his programme for social reform.
(a) A and R are wrong
(b) A is correct and R is Wrong
(c) A is correct and R explains A
(d) A is correct and R does not explain A
Answer:
(c) A is correct and R explains A

VI. Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
What was the positive of women in Rig Vedic period?
Answer:
During the Rig Vedic period the position of wife was honoured and women’s position was acknowledged,
especially in the performance of religious ceremonies.

Question 2.
How were women treated in the later Vedic period?
Answer:

  • In the later vedic period women’s social and political freedom was restricted.
  • Sati became popular
  • The patriarchal system became rigid.

Question 3.
Explain the term Jauhar.

  • The Jauhar refers to the practice of collective voluntary immolation by wives and daughters of defeated Rajput warriors.
  • They followed it in order to avoid capture and dishonor.

Question 4.
Mention the type of education followed for women in medieval India.
Answer:

  • Female education was informal
  • Girls usually had their lessons from their parents in their childhood.
  • The rich appointed tutors to teach their daughters at home.

Question 5.
Mention the main provisions of Indian Education Commission of 1882.
Answer:

  • Indian Education Commission of 1882 recommended to start primary schools for girls.
  • It also suggested teacher – training institutions to be established.
  • Special scholarships and prizes were mentioned for girls.

Question 6.
Explain the Madras Devadasi Act of 1947.
Answer:

  • The Madras Devadasi Act was a law that was enacted on 9th October 1947.
  • It gave Devadasis the legal right to marry.
  •  It made it illegal to dedicated girls to India temples.

Question 7.
How did Vidyasagar promote female education?
Answer:
To promote female education, Vidhyasagar founded several girls’ schools in the districts of Nadia, Midnapur, Hugh and Burdwan in Bengal.

Question 8.
What were the key points of Veeresalingam programme for social reform?
Answer:

  • Veeresalingam published a journal Viveka Vardhani and opened his first girls’ school in 1874.
  • Widow remarriage and female education the key points of his programme for social reform.

Question 9.
Name the institution started by M.G. Ranade in 1887.
Answer:

  • In 1887, M.G. Ranade started the National Social Conference.
  • It became a preeminent institution for social reform.

Question 10.
What are the measures taken by the servants of India society of reform the society.
Answer:

  • In 1905 Gokhale started the Servant of India Society.
  • It took up such social reform measures as primary education, female education and uplifitment of the depressed classes in society.

Question 11.
Who was Periyar E.V.R?
Answer:

  • Periyar E.V.R. was one of the greatest social reformers of Tamil Nadu.
  • He advocated women education, widow remarriage and inter-caste marriages.
  • He opposed child marriages.

Question 12.
Write about Sarada Sadan.
Answer:

    • Sarada Sadan means Home of Learning. It was started by Pandita Ramabai in 1889.
    • It was started to educate Hindu widows in Bombay.
    • It was later shifted to Poona.

Question 13.
How did the government of Tamil Nadu recognise the service of Moovalur Ramamirdham Ammaiyar?
Answer:

  • Moovalur Ramamirdham Ammaiyar raised her voice against Devadasi system along with Dr. Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar.
  • In her memory, the government of Tamil Nadu has instituted the “Moovalur Ramamirdha Ammal Ninaivu Marriage assistance scheme”.
  • It is a social welfare scheme to provide financial assistance to poor women.

Question 14.
Mention the three major National Women’s organisation.
Answer:

  • Leading women realized the need of forming their own association in order to safeguard their interests.
  • As a result three major natural women’s organisation namely
  • Women’s India Association
  • National Council of Women in India .
  • The All India Women’s Conference were started

VII. Answer the following in detail:

Question 1.
What was the position of women in the Medieval period?
Answer:

  • In the medieval period the position of women in society further deteriorated.
  • Women suffered from many social evils such as sati, child marriages, Purdah system, female infanticide and slavery.
  • Normally monogamy was in practice but among the rich polygamy was prevalent.
  • Widow re-marriage was rare.
  • Devadasi system was in practice in some parts of India.
  • The Rajputs of Rajastan, the Jauhar was practiced.
  •  The condition of widow became miserable during rhe medieval period.
  • But People like Akbar attempted to abolish sati.
  • There were exceptional women like Razia Sultana, Queen Durgavati, Chand bibi, Nurjahan and Mira bai.
  • Women’s education was not completely ignored. Female education was informal. Girls usually had their lessons from their parents in their childhood.
  • The rich appointed tutors to teach their daughters at home.
  • The daughters of Rajput chiefs and Zamindars studied literature and philosophy.

Question 2.
Why were the three major national women’s organisation started?
Answer:

  1. Most of the reform movements like Brahma Samaj, Prarthana Samaj and Arya Samaj were led by male
    reformers.
  2. Women reformers like Pandita Ramabai, Rukhmabai and Tarabai Shinde tried to extent further.
  3. In 1889, Pandita Ramabai opened Sarada Sadan in Bombay to educate Hindu widows.
  4. Dr. Annie Besant established Theosophical society at Chennai developed general social reform programme.
  5. Dr. S.Dharmambal showed great interest in implementing widow remarriage and women education.
  6. Moovalur Ramamirdham Ammaiyar’ opposed Devadasi system along with Dr. Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar.
  7. Thus women reformers also contributed a lot for winning their own rights
  8.  As a result three major national women’s organizations were started. They were
    • Women’s India Association
    • National Council of Women in India
    • The All India Women’s Conference.

Question 3.
Write about women in independent India.
Answer:

  • Women in India now participate in all activities such as education, politics, medical, culture, service sectors, science and technology.
  • The constitution of India guarantees through Article 14 equal opportunity and equal pay for equal work.
  • The National policy for empowerment of women was passed under the National Policy on Education in 1986.
  • New programme was launched called Mahila Samakhya.
  • It mainly focused on empowerment of women.
  • Reservation of 33 percent to women, envisaged an improvement in the socio-political status of women.
  • The National Commission for women was set up in January 1992.
  • it reviews women related legislation and intervene in specific individual complaints of atrocities and denial of rights.

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Animals in Daily Life

Students can Download Science Chapter 5 Animals in Daily Life Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Animals in Daily Life

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Animals in Daily Life Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answers :

Animals In Daily Life Class 7 Question 1.
__________ is the daily essential product which is obtained from cattle.
(a) Egg
(b) Milk
(c) Both of them
(d) None of them
Answer:
(b) Milk

Animals In Daily Life Question 2.
Eggs are rich in __________
(a) Protein
(b) Carbohydrate
(c) Fat
(d) Acid
Answer:
(a) Protein

Animals Are The Greatest Gift Of Nature True Or False Question 3.
Which parts of the goat and sheep is used for manufacturing clothes?
(a) Leg
(b) Hand
(c) Hair
(d) Head
Answer:
(c) Hair

Animals In Daily Life Class 7 Questions And Answers Question 4.
The cultivation and production of silk is known as __________
(a) Horticulture
(b) Floriculture
(c) Agriculture
(d) Sericulture
Answer:
(d) Sericulture

Animal In Daily Life Question 5.
Sorter’s Disease is otherwise known as __________
(a) Asthma
(b) Anthrax
(c) Typhoid
(d) Cholera
Answer:
(b) Anthrax

II. Fill in the blanks:

  1. Proteins and __________ is rich in milk.
  2.  __________ is extracted from bee hives.
  3. Anthrax is caused by __________
  4.  __________ is the strongest natural fibre.
  5. Peace silk was produced in the year __________

Answer:

  1. Calcium
  2. Honey
  3. Bacillus anthracis
  4. Silk
  5. 1992

III. True or False – If False, give the correct answer :

Animals In Daily Life Class 7 Ppt Question 1.
Animals are the greatest gift of nature.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Horse hair is used as bristles in small painting brushes.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Wool is the fibre derived from the silk worm.
Answer:
(False)
Correct statement: Sill is the fibre derived from the silk worm.

Question 4.
Ahimsa silk is otherwise known as Mulberry silk.
Answer:
(False)
Correct statement: Ahimsa silk is otherwise known as peace silk.

Question 5.
Pencillin is the best medicine for curing Anthrax.
Answer:
True

IV. Match the following :

1.CocoonsMeat
2.Peace silkPoultry
3.BroilersSilk worm
4.Sweet LiquidAndhra pradesh
5.GoatHoney

Answer:

1.CocoonsSilk worm
2.Peace silkAndhra pradesh
3.BroilersPoultry
4.Sweet LiquidHoney
5.GoatMeat

V. Analogy:

Question 1.
Water: pipe : Electric current: : ______
Answer:
Wire

Question 2.
Copper: conductor : wood: : _______
Answer:
Non conductor

Question 3.
Length : metre scale : current: : _________
Answer:
Ampere

Question 4.
Milli ampere: micro ampere: 10-3 A : : _________
Answer:
10-6 A

VI. Very short answer :

Question 1.
Write about any two dairy products.
Answer:

  1. Paneer
  2. Cheese

These two are dairy products. They are Nutritive food containing protein and calcium are made from milk.

Question 2.
What are the two types of fibres that are obtained from animals?
Answer:

  1. Wool – silk fibre is obtained from the cocoon of silkworm.
  2. Wool is got from fleece of sheep or goat

Question 3.
What is shearing?
Answer:
The fleece of the sheep is removed from its body. This is called shearing.

Question 4.
Write the symptoms of Anthrax.
Answer:

  1. The symptoms are fever, cough and shortness of breathe, similar to a typical pneumonia.
  2. Sometimes it may leads to nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. .

Question 5.
Define – Sericulture.
Answer:

  1. Sericulture or silk farming is the cultivation of silk worm to produce silk.
  2. It is the rearing of silk worms to obtain silk.

Question 6.
How should we treat animals?
Answer:

  1. We must love and protect animals.
  2. We should safeguard them and treat them with care.

Question 7.
Who invented the Ahimsa silk?
Answer:
Kusuma Rajaiah, a Government officer from Andhra Pradesh proposed Ahimsa way of silk production for the making silks without killing the silkworms.

VII. Short Answer Questions :

Question 1.
What are the characteristics of wool? Give any three.
Answer:

  1. It is resistant to heat, water, wear and tear.
  2. It absorbs moisture.
  3. Wool insulates against cold. So wool is a good insulator.
  4. It does not wrinkle easily.

Question 2.
Write about any three uses of silk.
Answer:

  1. Silk has natural beauty and elegance.
  2. It gives comfort in warm weather and warmth during colder months.
  3. It is used in the manufacture of classical and high fashion clothes, modern dresses particularly silk sarees, the elegant of beautiful dresses.
  4. It is also used in household for making wall hangings, curtains, rugs and carpets.
  5. It is also being used in the manufacture of surgical threads for sutures.

Question 3.
What are the common diseases that are found in
Answer:

Salmonellosis (diarrhoea)–Caused by bacteria
Ranikhat disease, (Fowl pox)–Caused by virus
Aspergilleses–Caused by fungus

VIII. Answer in Detail

Question 1.
Write about Ahimsa Silk.
Answer:

  1. It is also known as Peace silk.
  2. In 1992, Kusuma Rajaiah, a Government officer from Andhra Pradesh state of India proposed ahimsa way of silk production for the making silks without killing the silkworm.
  3. It involves a humane method specifically letting the worms to hatch and then using the vacant cocoons.
  4. Traditional silk manufacturing methods involve boiling the cocoons of the silk worms and then sorting out the threads, which is used later in silk production.
  5. It has been supported by many people who are interested in the welfare of animals.

Question 2.
Write about the hazards of silk industry.
Answer:

  1. Generally, the workers in silk industry affected with arthritis is they stand for a long time reeling the silk into yarn.
  2. They also develop back pain and visionary problem and skin injuries.
  3. Some time they may suffer from respiratory problem like asthma and bronchitis due to poor ventilated area of their work.

Question 3.
What are the major steps involved in this wool factory?
Answer:

  1. The processing of wool involves five major steps.
  2. They are as follows Shearing, Grading (or) Sorting, Washing (or) Scouting, Carding and Spinning.
  3. Shearing:- The fleece of the sheep is removed from its body. This is called shearing.
  4. Grading (or) Sort:- The fleece from the same sheep may be different from different
    parts of the body. It is sorted out into separate piles of similar nature. This is known as Grading (or) Sorting.
  5. Washing (or) Scouts: The sheared skin is washed thoroughly with soap (or)
    detergents to remove dirt, dust and grease.
  6. Carding:- The dried wool is carefully removed. These fibres then passed through the rollers which are covered with fine sheet of thin wire teeth. This process arranges the wool into a flat sheet called a web.
  7. Spinning:- The web is drawn into narrow strand and then passed through spinning machines. The spinning machines twist the strands into yarn. The yarn is wound to form balls of wool. This yarn is either weaved into fabric (or) retained for knitting.

Question 4.
Write the uses of the wool.
Answer:

  1. Wool is a multifunctional fibre with a range of diameters that makes it suitable for clothing, household fabrics and technical textiles.
  2. Two third of wool is used in the manufacture of garments including sweaters, dresses, coats and active sportswear.
  3. Blended with other natural (or) synthetic fibres wool used as adds drape and crease resistance blankets, anti-static and noise absorbing carpets.

IX. HOTS :

Question 1.
Silk fiber is used to manufacture parachute. Why?
Answer:

  1. Silk is the strongest natural fibre.
  2. It is thin light in weight, strong.
  3. It is easly to peak and unfold.
  4. It is also fire resistant.
  5. It is dries quickly.
  6. It is also resistant to abrasion and chemicals.

Question 2.
Honey is recommended for all. Why? What is its significance.
Answer:

  1. Honey has high levels of sugar.
  2. It has antiseptic and antibacterial properties.
  3. It can prevent cancer, heart diseases reduce ullcer and digestive problems.
  4. It also soothes coughs and sore throats.
  5. Hence it is recommended for all.

X. Assertion and Reason :

Question 1.
Assertion : Wool is the fibre derived from the fur of animals.
Reason : Animals like goat, Yak, Alpaca and rabbit yields wool.
(a) Both Assertion and reasoning is correct
(b) Assertion is correct but reason in wrong
(c) Assertion is wrong but reason is correct
(d) Assertion and Reason are incorrect
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and reasoning is correct

Question 2.
Assertion : Pencillin or ciprofloxacin.
Reason (R) : These medicines cures cow pox.
(a) Assertion is correct Reason is wrong
(b) Assertion is wrong reason is correct
(c) Assertion is wrong reason is also wrong
(d) Assertion is correct and reason is correct.
Answer:
(d) Assertion is correct and reason is correct.

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Animals in Daily Life Intext Activities

Activity – 1

Some of the food items are given below. Find out their ingredients and sources.

Animals In Daily Life Class 7 Samacheer Kalvi Science Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Animals in Daily Life Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer.

Qestion 1.
Honey is rich in _______
(a) sugar
(b) protein
(c) fat
(d) vitamins
Answer:
(a) sugar

Question 2.
Fowl pox is caused by _______
(a) virus
(b) bacteria
(c) fungus
(d) protozoan
Answer:
(a) virus

Question 3.
Scouting process during processing of wool refers to _______
(a) shearing
(b) grading
(c) washing
(d) spinning
Answer:
(c) washing

Question 4.
India stands _______ in silk production in the world.
(a) first
(b) third
(c) second
(d) fourth
Answer:
(c) second

Question 5.
Cashmere, Alpaca. Muga are types of _______
(a) meat
(b) fibres
(c) eggs
(d) diseases
Answer:
(b) fibres

II. Fill in the blanks.

  1. _______ are boiled to get the silk.
  2. The production of silk is called _______
  3. The silk moth feed on _______
  4. The larva of a silk worm is called _______
  5. The process called _______ involves removal of dried wool.
  6. _______ is the strongest natural fibre.
  7. Egg laving chickens are called _______
  8. The _______ bees collect the nectar from flowers.
  9. Silk is the secretion of _______
  10. The spread of Anthrax can be controlled by _______

Answer:

  1. cocoons
  2. sericulture
  3. mulberry leaves
  4. caterpilla
  5. carding
  6. silk
  7. Layers
  8. worker
  9. silk moth
  10. vaccination

III. Very Short Answer.

Question 1.
How are chickens classified?
Answer:
Chickens are broadly of two types.

  1. Layers (egg laying chickens)
  2. Broilers (one’s that are reared for meat).

Question 2.
List few requirements for poultry farming.
Answer:

  1. Sufficient space
  2. Plenty of water
  3. Proper ventilation
  4. Regular feed rich in proteins, fats and vitamins.

Question 3.
Name two plant fibres.
Answer:
Cotton and Jute.

Question 4.
List few characteristic features of silk.
Answer:
Characteristic features of Silk

  1. It is very soft,comfortable and versatile
  2. can be easily dyed.
  3. It is the strongest natural fibre.
  4. It has a poor resistance to sunlight exposure.

IV. Short Answer :

Question 1.
Write a note on Anthrax.
Answer:

  1. The disease Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis by handling contaminated animal hair and contact with live stock during hair processing.
  2. The symptoms are fever, cough and shortness of breath,
  3. It may also lead to nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.

Treatment:

  1. Pencillin or Ciprofloxacin is given as the best medicine for treatment of anthrax.
  2. The spread of the disease is controlled by vaccination of animals and by burning or burial of infected animals carcases.
  3. It is the duty of the employer to take care of the industrial workers by providing hygienic and well ventilated work place.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Solutions Chapter 1 Principles of Management

Enhance your subject knowledge with Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 12th Commerce Chapter 1 Principles of Management Questions and Answers and learn all the underlying concepts easily. Make sure to learn the subject from Tamilnadu State Board Solutions Chapter 1 Principles of Management Questions and Answers PDF on a day to day basis and score well in your exams. You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Book Solutions Questions and Answers are given after enormous research by people having high subject knowledge and for better scoring grade. You can rely on them and prepare any topic of Commerce as per your convenience easily.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Solutions Chapter 1 Principles of Management

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Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Principles of Management Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

12th Commerce Chapter 1 Question 1.
Management is what a _______ does?
(a) Manager
(b) Subordinate
(c) Supervisor
(d) Superior
Answer:
(a) Manager

12th Commerce 1st Lesson Question 2.
Management is an _______
(a) Art
(b) Science
(c) Art and Science
(d) Art or Science
Answer:
(c) Art and Science

12th Commerce Chapter 1 Question Answer Question 3.
Scientific management is developed by _______
(a) Fayol
(b) Taylor
(c) Mayo
(d) jacob
Answer:
(b) Taylor

12th Commerce Samacheer Kalvi Question 4.
Dividing the work into small tasks is known as _______
(a) Discipline
(b) Unity
(c) Division of work
(d) Equity
Answer:
(c) Division of work

12th Commerce 1st Chapter Question 5.
With a wider span, there will be _______ hierarchical levels..
(a) More
(b) Less
(c) Multiple
(d) Additional
Answer:
(b) Less

II. Very Short Answer Questions

12th Commerce 1st Chapter Question Answer Question 1.
What is Management?
Management is part and parcel of our day to day life. So management is goal oriented and it is an art of getting things done with and through others.

Commerce 12th Samacheer Kalvi Question 2.
List out the management tools.
Answer:
Tools of management have been developed such as, accounting, business law, psychology, statistics, econometrics, data processing, etc.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 12th Commerce Question 3.
Who is a manager?
Answer:
A manager is a dynamic and life giving element in every business. Without efficient management it cannot be possible to secure the best allocation and utilisation of human, material and financial resources.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Question 4.
State the meaning of Authority.
Answer:
Authority means the right of a superior to give the order to his subordinates. This is the issue of commands followed responsibility for their consequences.

Principles Of Management Exercise Question 5.
What do you mean by Span of management?
Answer:
The Span of Management refers to the number of subordinates who can be managed efficiently by a superior. Simply, the manager having the group of subordinates who report him directly is called as the span of management.

III. Short Answer Questions

12 Commerce Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
Define the term management.
Answer:
“To manage is to forecast, to plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to control.” -Henry Fayol. It attempts to describe management in terms of what a manager does, and not what management is.

Samacheer Kalvi Commerce 12th Question 2.
Is management an Art or Science?
Answer:
Management is neither a science nor an art, but a combination of both requiring people holding managerial positions to apply the scientific management principles and displaying popular managerial skills to accomplish the organizational goals as efficiently and as quickly as possible so as to be competitive in the globalised environment of business.

Principle Of Management Exercise Question 3.
Differentiate Management from Administration.
Answer:

Basis for ComparisonManagementAdministration
MeaningAn organised way of managing people and things of a business organisation is called the management.The process of administrating an organisation by a group of people is known as the administration.
AuthorityMiddle and lower level.Top level
RoleExecutiveDecisive
Concerned
with		Policy Implementation.Policy formulation.
Area of operationIt works under administration.It has .full control over the activities of the organisation.
Applicable
for		Profit making organisations, i.e. business organisations.Government offices, military clubs,business enterprises, hospitals, religious and educational organisations.

Commerce Samacheer Kalvi Question 4.
What are the principles of Taylor?
Answer:
Principles of scientific management propounded by Taylor are:

  1. Science, Not Rule of Thumb
  2. Harmony, Not Discord
  3. Mental Revolution
  4. Cooperation, Not individualism
  5. Development of each and every person to his or her greatest efficiency and prosperity.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Book Question 5.
What determines the span of management?
Answer:
The Span of Management has two implications:

  1. Influences the complexities of the individual managers job.
  2. Determine the shape or configuration of the organisation.
  3. There is a wide and a narrow span of management.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Solution Book Question 1.
Write about the contribution of Drucker to management.
Answer:
“Management is a multipurpose organ that manages a business and manages manager, and manages worker and work.”— Peter F. Drucker: The Practice of Management.
Drucker stresses three jobs of management:

  1. Managing a business;
  2. Managing manager; and
  3. Managing workers and work.

Even if one is omitted, It would not have management anymore and it also would not have a business enterprise or an industrial society. According to P. Drucker, the manager has” to balance and integrate three major jobs of a business enterprise as mentioned above.

Hence, a manager is a dynamic and life-giving element in every business. Without efficient management it cannot be possible to secure the best allocation and utilisation of human, ‘ material and financial resources.

Question 2.
Explain the management process in detail.
Answer:
The substance of management should be identified as a process. A process is something that what a person does in the context of his individual duties and responsibilities assigned by his or her immediate higher authority.
There are twin purposes of the management process:

  1. Maximum productivity or profitability
  2. Maximum human welfare and satisfaction.

There are five parts of management as a process:

  1. Co-ordination of resources: The manager of an enterprise must effectively coordinate all activities and resources of the organisation, namely, men, machines, materials and money, the fdur M’s of management.
  2. Management is a Process: The manager achieves proper coordination of resources by means of the managerial functions of planning, organising, staffing, directing (or leading and motivating) and controlling.
  3. Management is a Purposive Process: It is directed toward the achievement of predetennined goals or objectives. Without an objective, we have no destination to reach or a path to follow to arrive at our destination, i.e., a goal, both management and organisation must be purposive or goal-oriented.
  4. Management is a Social Process: It is the art of getting things done through other people.
  5. Management is a Cyclical Process: It represents planning-action-control-replanning cycle, i.e., an ongoing process to attain the planned goals.

Question 3.
Describe the principles of scientific management.
Answer:
Principles of scientific management propounded by Taylor are:
(i) Science, Not Rule of Thumb: Rule of Thumb means decisions taken by manager as per their personal judgments. According to Taylor, even a small production activity like loading iron sheets into box cars can be scientifically planned. This will help in saving time as well as human energy. Decisions should be based on scientific enquiry with cause and effect relationships.

(ii) Harmony, Not Discord: Taylor emphasized that there should be complete harmony between the workers and the management since if there is any conflict between the two, it will not be beneficial either for the workers or the management. Both the management and the workers should realize the importance of each other.

(iii) Mental Revolution: The technique of Mental Revolution involves a change in the attitude ‘ of workers and management towards each other. Both should realize the importance of each
other and should work with full cooperation. Management as well as the workers should aim to .increase the profits of the organisation.

(iv) Cooperation, Not Individualism: This principle is an extension of principle of ‘Harmony, ‘ . not discord’ and lays stress on mutual cooperation between workers and the management. Cooperation, mutual confidence, sense of goodwill should prevail among both, managers as well as workers. The intention is to replace internal competition with cooperation. Both ‘Management’ and ‘Workers’ should realize the importance of each other.

(v) Development of each and every person to his or her greatest efficiency and prosperity: Efficiency of any organisation also depends on the skills and capabilities of its employees to a great extent. Thus, providing training to the workers was considered essential in order to learn the best method developed through the use of scientific approach.

Question 4.
Explain the principles of modern management.
Answer:
The Father of Modem Management is Mr.Henry Fayol, and according to him there are 14 major principles of management which every manager has to practice for the success of the organization.

  1. Division of Work: According to this principle the whole work is divided into small tasks. This leads to specialization which increases the efficiency of labour.
  2. Authority and Responsibility: This is the issue of commands followed by responsibility for their consequences.
  3. Discipline: It is obedience, proper conduct in relation to others, respect of authority, etc. It is essential for the smooth functioning of all organizations.
  4. Unity of Command: This principle states that each subordinate should receive orders and be accountable to one and only one superior.
  5. Unity of Direction: All related activities should be put under one group, there should be one plan of action for them, and they should be under the control of one manager.
  6. Subordination of Individual Interest to Mutual Interest: The management must put aside personal considerations and put company objectives firstly.
  7. Remuneration: Workers must be paid sufficiently as this is a chief motivation of employees and therefore greatly influences productivity.
  8. The Degree of Centralization: The amount of power wielded with the central management depends on company size.
  9. Line of Authority/Scalar Chain: This refers to the chain of superiors ranging from top management to the lowest rank.
  10. Order: Social order ensures the fluid operation of a company through authoritative procedure.
  11. Equity: Employees must be treated kindly, and justice must be enacted to ensure a just workplace.
  12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel: Stability of tenure of personnel is a principle stating that in order for an organization to run smoothly, personnel (especially managerial personnel) must not frequently enter and exit the organization.
  13. Initiative: Using the initiative of employees can add strength and new ideas to an organization.
  14. Esprit de Corps/Team Spirit: This refers to the need of managers to ensure and develop morale in the Workplace; individually and communally.

Question 5.
Discuss the implications of span of management.
Answer:
The Span of Management has two implications:

  1. Influences the complexities of the individual manager’s job.
  2. Determine the shape or configuration of the Organization.

The span of management is related to the horizontal levels of the organization structure. There is a wide and a narrow span of management. With the wider span, there will be less hierarchical levels, and thus, the organizational structure would be flatter. Whereas, with the narrow span, the hierarchical levels increases, hence the organizational structure would be tall.

  1. Both these organizational structures have their advantages and the disadvantages. But however the tall organizational structure imposes more challenges.
  2. Since the span is narrow, which means less number of subordinates under one superior, requires more managers to be employed in the organization. Thus, it would be very expensive in terms of the salaries to be paid to each senior.
  3. With more levels in the hierarchy, the communication suffers drastically. It takes a lot of time to reach the appropriate points, and hence the actions get delayed.
  4. Lack of coordination and control because the operating staff is far. away from the top management.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Principles of Management Additional Questions and Answers

A. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1
_______ is a global and universal concept.
(a) Management
(b) Process
(c) Art
(d) Science
Answer:
(a) Management

Question 2.
Drucker stresses _______ jobs of management.
(a) three
(b) two
(c) four
(d) six
Answer:
(a) three

Question 3.
“To manage is to forecast, to plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to control.”said by _______
(a) Henry Fayol
(b) Peter F. Drucker
(c) Walker
(d) Carter
Answer:
(a) Henry Fayol

Question 4.
Which one is matched correctly?

ManagementAdministration
(a)Executive(i)Decisive
(b)Policy Implementation(ii)Top level
(c)Middle and lower level(iii)Policy Formulation
(d)Under administration(iv)Profit making

Answer:
(a) Executive – (i) Decisive

Question 5.
Assertion (A): The process of administering an organisation by a group of people is known as the administration.
Reason (R): It has not full control over the activities of the organisation.
(a) Both are true
(b) (A) true but (R) is not correct
(c) Both are not true
(d) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
Answer:
(b) (A) true but (R) is not correct

Question 6.
The father of Modem Management is _______
(a) F.W. Taylor
(b) Henry Fayol
(c) Peter F. Drucker
(d) Louis A. Allen
Answer:
(b) Henry Fayol

B. Fill in the blanks

1. Management is _______ and it is an art of getting things done with and through others.
2. The Span of Management is related to the _______ levels of organisation structure
Answer:
1. goal-oriented
2. Horizontal

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the twin purposes of the management process?
Answer:

  1. Maximum productivity or profitability and
  2. Maximum human welfare and satisfaction

Question 2.
What is Professional Association?
Answer:
The Business Management Associations in many countries to promote the spread of knowledge in all management areas and to build up the bright public image of managerial profession.

Question 3.
What is division of work?
Answer:
According to this principle, the whole work is divided into small tasks. The specialization of the workforce according to the skills of a person, creating specific personal and professional development within the labour force and therefore increasing productivity.

Question 4.
What is unity of command?
Answer:
This principle states that-each subordinate should receive orders and be accountable to one and only one superior. If an employee receives orders from more than one superior, it is likely to
create confusion and conflict.

Question 5.
What is Scalar chain or Line of Authority?
Answer:
This refers to the chain of superiors ranging from top management to the lowest rank. The principle suggests that there should be a clear line of authority from top to bottom linking all managers at all levels.

Question 6.
Write a note on Team Spirit.
Answer:
Team Spirit refers to the need of managers to ensure and develop morale in the workplace. Team spirit helps to finish the task on time.

Question 7.
What is Mental Revolution?
Answer:
The technique of Mental Revolution involves a change in the attitude of workers and management towards each other. Both should realize the importance of each other and should work with full cooperation.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Write any subsidiary functions of management.
Answer:
(i) Innovation: Innovation refers to the preparation of personnel and organisation to face the changes made in the business world. Continuous changes are being made in the business. Consumers are satisfied through innovation.
(ii) Representation: A manager has to act as representative of a company. Manager has dealings with customers, suppliers, government officials, banks, financial institutions, trade unions and the like. It is the duty of every manager to have good relation with others.

Question 2.
Who is a Professional Manager?
Answer:
“A professional manager is one who specialises in the work of planning, organising, leading and controlling the efforts of others and does so through systematic use of classified knowledge, a common vocabulary and principles and who subscribes to the standards of practice and code of ethics established by recognised body.” – Louis A. Allen.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the differences between Management and Administration?
Answer:

Basis for ComparisonManagementAdministration
MeaningAn organised way of managing people and things of a business organisation is called the management.The process of administrating an organisation by a group of people is known as the administration.
AuthorityMiddle and lower level.Top level
RoleExecutiveDecisive
Concerned withPolicy Implementation.Policy formulation.
Area of operationIt works under administration.It has full control over the activities of the organisation.
Applicable forProfit making organisations, i.e., business organisations.Government offices, military clubs, business enterprises, hospitals, religious and educational organisations.
DecidesWho will do the work? And How will it be done?What should be done?
And When it should be done?“
WorkPutting plans and policies into actions.Formulation of plans, framing policies and setting objectives.
Focus onManaging workMaking best possible allocation of limited resources.
Key personManagerAdministrator

For own thinking

Question 1.
Imagine yourself to be a manager and chart down the functions to be performed.
Answer:
If I am a manager of a company, I need to perform the following functions:
(a) Planning – mapping out exactly how to achieve a particular goal; creating a structure for daily tasks.
(b) Organizing – arranging the narrow goals from their broadest to most intricate form; assigning work as well as the required material to the team.
(c) Staffing – beefing up the team by recruiting, selecting, training, and developing employees.
(d) Leading – motivating, communicating, guiding, encouraging as well as assisting the team members.
(e) Controlling: Continuously checking results against goals and taking any corrective actions necessary to ensure success of the plan.

Question 2.
Formulate a new policy relating to timing of employees.
Answer:
It has always been a struggle for people to maintain work-life balance. Working excessive hours poses a danger to workers’ health and to their families. Earlier all the work was done manually. However, with the help of machinery and computers, in modem times certain industries don’t require as many working hours anymore. Technology has introduced new ways to increase productivity. More recently, the global trend leans toward a four-day work week (counting one work day as eight hours).

Even the ILO standards on working time provide the framework for regulated hours of work, daily and weekly rest periods, and annual holidays. These instruments ensure high productivity while safeguarding workers’ physical and mental health. If the workers earn enough to pay for their necessities, they may opt to spend more time at home or in leisure. Countries around the globe are already experimenting and implementing shorter work weeks in varying degrees. So, in my opinion, the new policy relating to timing of employees should be a four-day work week.

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Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences

The table given below contains the basic principles to transform the sentences:
a. Transform the sentences according to the instructions given in the bracket:

Question 1.
The girl was very hungry, so she ate the whole watermelon, (change into a simple sentence)
Answer:
Being very hungry, the girl ate the whole watermelon.

Question 2.
Though the cat made several attempts, it could not catch the mouse. (change into a compound sentence)
Answer:
The cat made several attempts yet it could not catch the mouse.

Question 3.
The peon was very ill. He could not go to office. (Change into complex sentence)
Answer:
As the peon was ill, he could not go to office.

Question 4.
The firefighters made several attempts. They could not save the drowning tiger. (Change into a simple sentence)
Answer:
In spite of making several attempts, the firefighters could not save the drowning tiger.

Question 5.
Kalpana Chawla was bold. So, she became an astronaut. (Change into simple sentence)
Answer:
Being bold, Kalpana Chawla became an astronaut.

Question 6.
As the rains stopped, the schools were opened, (change into a compound sentence)
Answer:
The rains stopped and so the schools were opened.

Question 7.
The old man was very tired. He couldn’t walk. (Change into a simple sentence)
Answer:
The old man was too tired to walk.

Question 8.
He burnt his midnight oil. Yet, he did not clear his IAS examination with distinction. (Change into complex sentence)
Answer:
Even though/Although/Though he burnt his midnight oil, he did not clear his IAS examination with distinction.

Question 9.
The master was very angry. He shouted at the drunk driver. (Change into a simple sentence)
Answer:
Being very angry, the master shouted at the drunk driver.

Question 10.
Though Kohli made many efforts, he could not rescue RCB from losing the IPL match against CSK. (Change into a compound sentence)
Answer:
Kohli made many attempts but he could not rescue RCB from losing the IPL match against CSK.

b. Change or combine into a compound sentence

Question 1.
As Rahim was sick, he could not attend the office.
Answer:
Rahim was sick and so he could not attend the office.

Question 2.
As he is wounded, he cannot walk fast.
Answer:
He is wounded and so he cannot walk fast.

Question 3.
As he was poor, he could not lead a comfortable life.
Answer:
He was poor and so he could not lead a comfortable life.

Question 4.
As Velu was sick, he could not attend class.
Answer:
Velu was sick and so he could not attend class.

Question 5.
Mallika is very arrogant. She will not apologize.
Answer:
Mallika is very arrogant and so she will not apologize.

Question 6.
I had to walk to my office as the auto drivers were on strike.
Answer:
The auto drivers were on strike and so I had to walk to my office.

Question 7.
If I had known your need, I would have given you my bike.
Answer:
I had not known your need or else I would have given you my bike.

Question 8.
If the political leader go back on their promises, common people will suffer.
Answer:
The politicians should not go back on their promises or the common people will suffer.

Question 9.
If you play truancy again, you will be punished.
Answer:
You must not play truancy again otherwise you will be punished.

Question 10.
If you start now, you can catch the flight.
Answer:
You should start now or else you cannot catch the flight.

Question 11.
In spite of her best performance, she was not given the gold medal.
Answer:
She performed well but she was not given the gold medal.

Question 12.
In spite of her illness, he obtained a high score.
Answer:
She was ill yet she obtained a high score.

Question 13.
It is really surprising that the corrupt politician has not been arrested by the police.
Answer:
The corrupt politician has not been arrested by the police and it is really surprising.

Question 14.
Sheela is smart. She will get a job.
Answer:
Sheela is smart and therefore she will get a job.

Question 15.
Not knowing any one in the town, Padma went to stay in a ladies hostel.
Answer:
Padma didn’t know anyone in the town and so he went to stay in a ladies hostel.

Question 16.
Raghu has recovered after the accident. His fractured arm is still in a cast.
Answer:
Raghu has recovered after the accident but his fractured arm is still in a cast.

Question 17.
Run three miles everyday. You will lose two kilos a week.
Answer:
Run three miles every day or else you will not lose two kilos a week.

Question 18.
The mountain is so steep that Hema cannot climb it.
Answer:
The mountain is very steep and so Hema cannot climb it.

Question 19.
The questions were tough, five students failed.
Answer:
The questions were tough and so five students failed.

Question 20.
This is the only planet that belongs to us.
Answer:
This is the only planet and it belongs to us.

C. Combine into a single sentence using ‘though’

Question 1.
Education is free yet 10 crore poor children are out of school.
Answer:
Though education is free, 10 crore poor children are out of school.

Question 2.
Tiger is a ferocious animal but it is handsome.
Answer:
Though tiger is a ferocious animal, it is handsome.

Question 3.
Gandhi gave his honest reply for not attending the evening sports class but the Headmaster punished him.
Answer:
Though Gandhi gave his honest reply for not attending the evening sports class, the Headmaster punished him.

Question 4.
Private schooling is costly yet every mother is crazy after it.
Answer:
Though private schooling is costly, every mother is crazy after it.

Question 5.
She completed her work but it was not up to the mark.
Answer:
Though she completed his work, it was not up to the mark.

Question 6.
Moni is playful. She studies well.
Answer:
Though Moni is playful, she studies well.

Question 7.
The doctor tried his best. He could not save the old man.
Answer:
Though doctor tried his best, he could save the old man.

Question 8.
She was ill at the time of the examination. She obtained a high score in the subject.
Answer:
Though she was ill before the examination, she obtained a high score in the subject.

Question 9.
He was tired but he toured all the Gaja cyclone affected districts to help the distressed.
Answer:
Though he was tired, he toured all the Gaja cyclone affected districts to help the distressed.

Question 10.
She hurried to the bus stand. She could not catch the bus.
Answer:
Though she hurried to the bus stand, she could not catch the bus.

Question 11.
I like black tea. I prefer coffee.
Answer:
Though I like black tea, I prefer coffee.

Question 12.
I memorised the lesson day and night yet I got less marks.
Answer:
Though I memorised the lessons day and night, I got less marks.

Question 13.
She studied very hard, but failed.
Answer:
Though she studied very hard, she failed.

Question 14.
In spite of being old, she walks quickly.
Answer:
Though she is old, she walks quickly.

Question 15.
In spite of her best performance, she was not given the scholarship.
Answer:
Though she performed her best, she was not given the scholarship.

Question 16.
In spite of the heavy fog, children could still see the lights in the distant valley.
Answer:
Though there was heavy fog, they could still see the lights in the distant valley.

Question 17.
It started drizzling but the foot ball match did not stop.
Answer:
Though it started drizzling, the foot ball match did not stop.

Question 18.
It started raining but the children did not stop playing.
Answer:
Though it started raining the children did not stop playing.

Question 19.
It was raining heavily. The farmers went on ploughing.
Answer:
Though it was raining heavily, the farmers went on ploughing.

Question 20.
Sudha had one pen only. She helped Mala.
Answer:
Though Sudha had one pen only, she helped Mala.

d. Change into a simple sentence

Question 1.
A person who is industrious is sure to succeed.
Answer:
An industrious person is sure to succeed.

Question 2.
NSS students have civic responsibilities. They must discharge them.
Answer:
NSS students having civic responsibilities must discharge them.

Question 3.
Anu types quickly. Anu types correctly.
Answer:
Besides typing quickly, Anu types correctly.

Question 4.
Faraday was poor and ill. Yet he did scientific experiments with a passion.
Answer:
In spite of Faraday being poor and ill he did scientific experiments with a passion.

Question 5.
Sneha is very arrogant. She will not apologize.
Answer:
Sneha is too arrogant to apologize.

Question 6.
NGOs brought sacks of food packets. They distributed to the people in cyclone-hit districts.
Answer:
Bringing sacks of food packets, the NGOs distributed to the people in cyclone hit districts.

Question 7.
He told me a story. It was about the Princess and a frog.
Answer:
He told me a story about the Princess and a frog.

Question 8.
I completed my homework. I went to watch discovery channel.
Answer:
On completing my homework, I went to watch discovery channel.

Question 9.
Sheela forgot her birthday. Her teacher greeted her on that day.
Answer:
In spite of Sheela forgetting her birthday, her teacher greeted her on that day.

Question 10.
I like milk. I prefer Boost.
Answer:
I prefer Boost to milk.

Question 11.
Gandhi speaks the truth. He was not afraid of it.
Answer:
Gandhi was not afraid of speaking the truth.

Question 12.
Kohli lost the IPL tournament. He decided to resign his captaincy.
Answer:
On losing the match, Kohli decided to resign his captaincy.

Question 13.
Anitha was poor. She was always happy.
Answer:
Despite her poverty, Anitha was always happy.

Question 14.
Take an umbrella. It may rain.
Answer:
In case of rain, take an umbrella.

Question 15.
The coffee is very hot. I cannot drink it.
Answer:
The coffee is too hot to drink it.

Question 16.
Though Sarala studied day and night, she got less marks.
Answer:
Despite studying day and night, Sarala got less marks.

Question 17.
Unless Rishab Pant performs well, he will not emerge victorious in the IPL matches.
Answer:
On account/in case of Rishab Pant not performing well, he will not emerge victorious in the IPL matches.

Question 18.
We must eat. We cannot live.
Answer:
We must eat to live.

Question 19.
When the burglar heard the barking of the dog, he ran away.
Answer:
On hearing the barking of the dog, the burglar ran away.

Question 20.
When the eve teaser saw the dog, he ran away.
Answer:
Seeing the dog, the eve teaser ran away.

e. Rewrite as Directed
Question 1.
If you wish to meet me, you can use this address. (Begin with ‘Should’)
Answer:
Should you wish to meet me, you can use this address.

Question 2.
If you were aware of the truth you would not believe her. (Begin with ‘Were’)
Answer:
Were you aware of the truth you would not believe her.

Question 3.
If you should need my help again, just call me. (Begin with Should)
Answer:
Should you need my help again, just call me.

Question 4.
If you should need any money, apply for a loan. (Begin with ‘should’)
Answer:
Should you need any money, apply for a loan.

Question 5.
If you should be late once again, you would lose your increment.(Begin with should)
Answer:
Should you be late once again, you would lose your increment.

Question 6.
If you had studied well, you would have got the merit scholarship. (Had)
Answer:
Had you studied well, you would have got the merit scholarship.

Question 7.
If it were not for the expenses involved, she would go by air. (Begin with ‘Were’)
Answer:
Were it not for the expenses involved, she would go by air.

Question 8.
If it had not rained, they would have gone to the theme park. (Begin with ‘Had’)
Answer:
Had it not rained, they would have gone to the theme park.

Question 9.
If I would have known you were ill, I would have summoned the doctor. (Begin with ‘Had’)
Answer:
Had I known you were ill, I would have summoned the doctor.

Question 10.
If I were a bird, I would fly to different countries. (Rewrite with ‘Were’)
Answer:
Were I a bird, I would fly to different countries.

Question 11.
If I had known you were here, I would have brought all your friends. (Begin with ‘Had’)
Answer:
Had I known you were here, I would have brought all your friends.

Question 12.
If she had worked hard, he would have passed the NEET exam. (Begin with ‘Had’)
Answer:
Had she worked hard, she would have passed the NEET exam.

Question 13.
If Radha had known the impending danger, she would have stayed at home.( Begin with ‘Had’)
Answer:
Had Radha known the impending danger, she would have stayed at home.

Question 14.
If my mom were to tell me such a thing of her, I would not believe it. (Begin with ‘were’)
Answer:
Were my mom to tell me such a thing of her, I would not believe it.

Question 15.
If she should tell me the truth, she would not be sacked from her job. (Begin with ‘Should’)
Answer:
Should she tell me the truth, she would not be sacked from her job.

Samacheer Kalvi 7th English Solutions Term 3 Prose Chapter 2 A Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery

Students can Download English Lesson 2 A Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity, Samacheer Kalvi 7th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th English Solutions Term 3 Prose Chapter 2 A Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery

Read And Understand

A. Fill in the blanks.

  1. The terrorists asked Neerja to collect the passports of the passengers because ___________
  2. Neerja passed on the warning in a code to the pilots because she ___________
  3. Neerja leapt into action when she ___________
  4. Neerja had a sour marriage due to ___________
  5. Neerja was sent to London based on ___________

Answer:

  1. they could identify the Americans on board
  2. wanted to alert them
  3. noticed there was chaos on board
  4. pressurizing dowry demands
  5. her performance and peer review

B. Think and Write

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Question 1.
“I will die; but not run away.” – Justify the saying of Neerja.
Answer:
The family of Neerja were discussing about the sensitive situation of an imaginary hijack. Then Neerja said these words, ‘I will die, but not run away’. She was determined not to be a coward. She lived up to her word.

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Question Answer Question 2.
Why did the three governments of – India, America and Pakistan – honour Neerja?
Answer:
India, America and Pakistan acknowledged her act of bravery. She had saved so many passengers, risking her life. So she was honoured by these governments.

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Book Back Answers Question 3.
How can we abolish terrorism?
Answer:
We can abolish terrorism by the following ways :
(a) Stop supporting the Dictators who found terrorism.
(b) Stop Arming terrorists.
(c) Stop Imperial Conquests for Arab oil.
(d) Stop torture.
(e) Tackle corruption and money laundering.

C. Read the “Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery” once again and complete the flow chart.
Answer:

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Samacheer Kalvi 7th English Solutions Term 3 Prose Chapter 2

D. Write a summary based on the flow chart.
Answer:
Neerja Bhanot was born on 7th September, 1963 in Chandigarh, Punjab, India. Her parents were Harish Bhanot and Rama Bhanot. Her father was a Mumbai based journalist. She had two brothers named Akhil and Aneesh. She started her career in modelling. She then applied for a flight attendant’s job with ‘Pan Am’. She sent to London to be trained as a Purser. Soon she became a senior flight purser. She was awarded the Ashoka Chakra award from the Indian government. A postage stamp was also issued in her honour in 2004. She was also awarded the Justice for Crimes Award and the Tamgha-e-Insaniyat Award from American and Pakistan government.

Vocabulary

E. Fill in the blanks with appropriate airline vocabulary given in the box.
(cockpit ,touch down ,call light,gate,turbulence, bumpy ,take off ,landing ,boarding pass ,runway)

  1. You must present the __________ at the gate.
  2. It might be a __________ ride because we are flying through a storm.
  3. If you need anything just press the __________
  4. The captain and the co-pilot sit in the __________
  5.  __________ 3B is down this hall and to your right.
  6. We will be __________ in Chennai in approximately ten minutes.
  7. The plane almost missed the __________ because it was such a bad storm.
  8. We are next in line to __________ on this run way.
  9. That was a very smooth __________
  10. This __________ should only last a few minutes.

Answer:

  1. boarding pass
  2. bumpy
  3. call light
  4. cockpit
  5. Gate
  6. landing
  7. run way
  8. take off
  9. touch down
  10. turbulence

Phrasal Verb

F. Match the phrasal verbs in column A with their meaning in Column B

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Question Answer Samacheer Kalvi 7th English Solutions Term 3 Prose Chapter 2
Answer:

  1. c
  2. d
  3. e
  4. f
  5. g
  6. a
  7. b

G. Find out the anagrams. Use each pair of phrases as clues.

(An anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once. Eg. Seat – east, alert – alter)

1. The past tense of leap ______
Something to serve food on _____
Answer:
Leapt
Plate

2. A place to grow flowers _____
Something to be careful of _____
Answer:
garden
danger

3. Another word for under _____
A part of your arm _____
Answer:
below
elbow

4. Try to hear _____
Another word for quiet _____
Answer:
Listen
silent

5. Another word for gift _____
A large snake or a dragon _____
Answer:
present
serpent

6. Minutes and hours _____
A thing on a list _____
Answer:
time
item

7. An organ that pumps blood _____
The planet we live on _____
Answer:
heart
earth

8. Something used to water plants _____
A thing you put on your foot _____
Answer:
hose
shoe

Listening

H. Listen to the announcements and answer the questions.

Announcement 1

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Summary Question 1.
What is the number of the flight?
Answer:
The number of the light is 89 B.

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Lesson Plan Question 2.
What are the things to be kept ready?
Answer:
Boarding Pass and Identification are the things to be kept ready.

Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Question 3.
When will the regular boarding begin?
Answer:
The regular boarding will begin in approximately ten minutes.

Announcement 2

The Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Question 1.
For whom is the final boarding call?
Answer:
The final boarding call is for passengers Alex and Ruskin Collins.

A Story Of Self-Sacrifice And Bravery Summary Question 2.
Where should the passengers proceed?
Answer:
The passengers should proceed to gate 3 immediately.

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Mind Map Question 3.
Where is the flight to?
Answer:
The flight is to New Delhi.

Announcement 3

Question 1.
When will the flight be in the air?
Answer:
The flight is expected to be in the air in approximately seven minutes.

Question 2.
What are things that should be turned off?
Answer:
All personal electronic devices including laptops and cell phones should be turned off.

Question 3.
What is prohibited during the flight?
Answer:
Smoking is prohibited during the flight.

Speaking

I. Read the story board and take roles as pilot and flight attendants to enact the scene. Inflight Passenger Announcements.
Answer:
Flight Attendant 1 : Ladies and Gentlemen, this is Indian Airline flight 999 bound for New York. This is a reminder that all carry-on baggage must fit securely either in the overhead compartments or under the seat in front of you.

Flight Attendant 2 : The captain of this flight is Ms. Fatima. And I am Sylvia, the in-flight time to the destination will be eleven hours and 14 minutes. Our captain will provide you with more information after take-off.

Flight Attendant 1 : Before our departure, please make sure that your seats are in the upright position and tray tables are stowed. Also, please be aware that this is a non-smoking cabin and smoking in the . lavatory or any part of the cabin is strictly prohibited.

Flight Attendant 2 : Cell phones and other electronic devices should be switched off while landing and take-off. We advise you to remain seated and fasten your seat belt at all times during our flight. On behalf of Indian Airline, we welcome you on board and wish you a pleasant journey. Please feel free to ask any attendant for assistance. Thank you!

Pilot : Hello everyone, this is the captain speaking, and I want to welcome you to Flight 18 bound for New York. Our flight time today is llhours and 14 minutes, and we will be flying at an average altitude of 29,000 feet. The local time at New .York is a quarter to twelve (11:45), and the current weather is sunny, but there is a chance of rain later in the day. We will be arriving at Gate 13.

Flight Attendant 1 : On behalf of Indian Airlines and the crew, I want to wish you an enjoyable stay in the Seattle area or at your final destination. Now, please sit back and enjoy the flight. Thank you.

J. Imagine that you are going to interview one of the survivors of the Pan Am Hijack. Discuss with your partner and write down the conversation. Then one of you play the role of the interviewer and other the survivor. You can use the sample questions given below.

  1. Do you have any information regarding the suspects of the hijack?
  2. Which countries did the hijackers belong?
  3. What are the details of the hijacked flight?
  4. How many passengers were aboard?
  5. What happened in the last few minutes of the hijack drama?
  6. Do you have information regarding the victims?
  7. Was there any recorded communication to/from the plane during the hijacking?
  8. How many terrorists were there?
  9. How did you feel when you were in the flight?
  10. Can you recall Neerja’s role in safeguarding the passengers?

Answer:
Interviewer : Good Morning Sir. This is Manoj Tiwari from the ’Hindu’. I would like to interview you, as you are one of the survivors of the ’Pan Am Hijack’.
Survivor : Yes, it’s true. I should thank the Almighty God and Neerja for saving our lives.
Interviewer : Yes, she had done a brave act, risking her life. Do you have any information regarding the suspects of the hijack?
Survivor : No, I don’t have any information about them. But they do belong to Palestinian Organisation backed by Libya.
Interviewer : How many passengers were on board?
Survivor : There were around 360 passengers and 13 crew members.
Interviewer : How many terrorists were there?
Survivor : There were four Armed Terrorists.
Interviewer : Was there any recorded communication to / from the plane during the hijacking?
Survivor : I don’t remember anything like that happened.
Interviewer : How did you feel when you were in the flight?
Survivor : We were all holding our breaths and terrified.
Interviewer : Can you recall Neerja’s role in safeguarding the passengers?
Survivor : She shed all her hesitations and fears and worked her way around evacuating as many passengers as she could. She waited selflessly in the face of death to help the ones around her. Such a great soul she is!

K. Read the story hoard and take roles as pilot and flight: attendants to enact the scene.
Answer:
Flight Attendant 1 : Ladies and Gentlemen, this is Indian Airline flight 999 bound for New York. This is a reminder that all carry-on baggage must fit securely either in the overhead compartments or under the seat in front of you.

Flight Attendant 2 : The captain of this flight is Ms. Fatima. And I am Sylvia, the in-flight time to the destination will be eleven hours and 14 minutes. Our captain will provide you with more information after take-off.

Flight Attendant 1 : Before our departure, please make sure that your seats are in the upright position and tray tables are stowed. Also, please be aware that this is a non-smoking cabin and smoking in the . lavatory or any part of the cabin is strictly prohibited.

Flight Attendant 2 : Cell phones and other electronic devices should be switched off while landing and take-off. We advise you to remain seated and fasten your seat belt at all times during our flight. On behalf of Indian Airline, we welcome you on board and wish you a pleasant journey. Please feel free to ask any attendant for assistance. Thank you!

Pilot : Hello everyone, this is the captain speaking, and I want to welcome you to Flight 18 bound for New York. Our flight time today is llhours and 14 minutes, and we will be flying at an average altitude of 29,000 feet. The local time at New .York is a quarter to twelve (11:45), and the current weather is sunny, but there is a chance of rain later in the day. We will be arriving at Gate 13.

Flight Attendant 1 : On behalf of Indian Airlines and the crew, I want to wish you an enjoyable stay in the Seattle area or at your final destination. Now, please sit back and enjoy the flight. Thank you.

Grammar
Direct And Indirect Speech

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Book Back Answers Samacheer Kalvi 7th English Solutions Term 3 Prose Chapter 2

L. Discuss with your partner and punctuate the following.

Question 1.
the woman said to the student please help me cross the street
Answer:
The woman said to the students, “please help me cross the street,”

Question 2.
sarathy said oh how thrilling it was
Answer:
Sarathy said, “Oh, how thrilling it was!”

Question 3.
the teacher said to the students where do you want to go
Answer:
The teacher said to the students, “Where do you want to go ?”

Question 4.
i am tired mohana said to her aunt
Answer:
I am Ham tired, “Mohana said to her aunt.

Question 5.
shankar said to his teacher madam i had prepared my project assignment but i forgot to bring it
Answer:
Shankar said to his teacher, “Madam, I had prepared my project assignment, but I forgot to bring it.”

M. Complete the sentences in reported speech.
Example : I admire you. She said that she admired me.

  1. “It is too late.” I said that it ______ too late.
  2. I met you yesterday.” Sam told me that he had met me ______
  3. “I cannot come.” Mala said that ______
  4. “I will pay tomorrow.” He said that he would pay ______
  5. “The Himalayas are the highest mountain ranges.” He knew that the Himalayas ______ the highest mountain ranges.
  6. “I may lend you some money” Balu promised ______ some money
  7. “I have been watching a film.” He said that ______ a film.
  8. “I have not done it today.” I explained that I had not done it ______
  9. “I was with him last week.” Jimmy told that ______ with him the previous week.
  10. “I will finish this picture tomorrow.” Jothi said that ______ picture the next day.

Answer:

  1. was
  2. the previous day
  3. she couldn’t come
  4. the next day
  5. are
  6. to lend him
  7. he had been watching
  8. that day
  9. he was
  10. he would finish that

N. Read the following dialogue and report it.

Betty : What are you doing here, Kitty? I haven’t seen you since June.
Kitty : I’ve just come back from my holiday in Darjeeling.
Betty : Did you enjoy it?
Kitty : I love Darjeeling. The landscape is amazing.
Betty : Did you go to the Lloyd’s Botanical Garden?
Kitty : Yes. It was my first trip. I can show you some pictures. Are you doing any thing tomorrow?
Betty : I must arrange a couple of things. But I am free tonight.
Kitty : You might come to my place. What time shall we meet?
Betty : I’ll be there at eight. Is it all right?
Answer:
Betty asked Kitty what she was doing there And she added that she hadn’t seen her since June. Kitty explained that she had just come back from her holiday in Darjeeling. Betty asked if she had enjoyed it. Kitty told her that she loved Darjeeling and that the landscape was amazing Betty wanted to know if she had gone to the Lloyd’s Botanical Garden. Kitty said that it had been her first trip and that she could show her some pictures. And then she asked her if she was doing anything the next day. Betty explained that she had to arrange a couple of things. But she added that she was free that night. Kitty suggested that she might come to her place and asked her at what time they should meet Betty said she would be there at eight. And finally, she asked whether it was all right.

Writting

O. Read the story of Neerja Bhanot. Make notes based on the table and complete it.
Answer:

NameNeerja Bhanot
Father’s Name & OccupationHarish Bhanot – Mumbai-based Journalist
Mother’s Name & OccupationRama Bhanot
Born on7th September, 1963
NationalityIndian
StatePunjab
CityChandigarh
EducationSchool :

1. Sacred Heart School, Chandigarh.

2. Bombay Scottish School, Mumbai

Higher EducationCollege: St, Xavier’s College, Mumbai.
CareerModelling, Flight Attendant’s job
Personal LifeMarriage,Flight attendant’s job
SiblingsTwo brothers Akhil and Aneesh
Achievements1. Senior Flight Purse at 22 Years

2. The youngest civilian to be awarded the AshokChakra, the highest honour for bravery

AwardsAshok Chakra (1987), Justice for Crimes Award (2005) and TamghaeInsaniyat Award (1987).
LegacyInsurance Money and Funds from ‘Pan Am’
Died onSeptember 5,1986
Place of DeathKarachi Airport

Creative Writing

P. “Heroes are ordinary people who do extraordinary things.” Write an anecdote on the extraordinary deed of Jaiswal K.P. who helped in the recent Kerala Flood.Use the tips given in the box.

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Summary Samacheer Kalvi 7th English Solutions Term 3 Prose Chapter 2
Answer:
Activity to be done by the students

A Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery Additional Question

I. Choose the correct Synonyms from the option given below

Question 1.
assaulted
(a) hit
(b) attacked violently
(c) cut
(d) scolded
Answer:
(b) attacked violently

Question 2.
disaster
(a) misfortune
(b) luck
(c) merit
(d) happiness
Answer:
(a) misfortune

Question 3.
achievement
(a) failure
(b) disappointment
(c) approval
(d) success
Answer:
(d) success

Question 4.
injustice
(a) fairness
(b) unfairness
(c) equality
(d) delight
Answer:
(b) unfairness

Question 5.
distress
(a) happiness
(b) joy
(c) merriness
(d) sorrow
Answer:
(d) sorrow

Question 6.
chaos
(a) order
(b) discipline
(c) confusion
(d) law Ml
Answer:
(c) confusion

Question 7.
citation
(a) quotation
(b)thought
(c) morality
(d) scandal
Answer:
(a) quotation

Question 8.
fatal
(a) harmless
(b) beneficial
(c) death
(d) devoted
Answer:
(c) death

Question 9.
succumbed
(a) surrendered
(b) won
(c) defeated
(d) battled
Answer:
(a) surrendered

Question 10.
mandate
(a) announcement
(b) an official order
(c) assessment
(d) truth
Answer:
(b) an official order

II. Choose the correct Antonyms from the Options given below.

Question 1.
confronted
(a) challenged
(b) opposed
(c) tackled
(d) avoided
Answer:
(d) avoided

Question 2.
calamity
(a) blessed
(b) damage
(c) distress
(d) disaster
Answer:
(a) blessed

Question 3.
foremost
(a) prominent
(b) outstanding
(c) hindmost
(d) topmost
Answer:
(c) hindmost

Question 4.
attempted
(a) struggled
(b) offered
(c) prevented
(d) gambled
Answer:
(c) prevented

Question 6.
helplessness
(a) helpfulness
(b) power full
(c) inability
(d) emotionless
Answer:
(a) helpfulness

Question 7.
senselessness
(a) meaningless
(b) foolish
(c) sensible
(d) stupid
Answer:
(c) sensible

Question 8.
rescued
(a) imprisoned
(b) saved
(c) liberated
(d) freed
Answer:
(a) imprisoned

Question 9.
similar
(a) resembled
(b) different
(c) identify
(d) same
Answer:
(b) different

Question 10.
includes
(a) comprises
(b) contains
(c) excludes
(d) covers
Answer:
(c) excludes

III. Choose the Correct Answer (MCQ).

Question 1.
The passengers on the ________ hailed from different countries.
(a) plane
(b) train
(c) bus
(d) vehicle
Answer:
(a) plane

Question 2.
The terrorists were more intent on targetting the ________
(a) Indians
(b) Pakistanis
(c) Americans
(d) Arabs
Answer:
(c) Americans

Question 3.
The hijackers wanted to fly to Israel and crash the plane against a ________
(a) 40 storey building
(b) building
(c) harbour
(d) flight
Answer:
(b) building

Question 4.
The ________ on the aircraft continued for long.
(a) chaos
(b) confusion
(c) nightmare
(d) terror
Answer:
(c) nightmare

Question 5.
The marriage proved to be a ________
(a) failure
(b) unsuccessful
(c) successful
(d) disaster
Answer:
(d) disaster

Question 6.
Only 80 of the ________ applicants were picked.
(a) 10,000
(b) 600
(c) 10,000
(d) 2,000
Answer:
(a) 10,000

Question 7.
She was sent to Miami to be trained for ________ weeks.
(a) 5 to 7
(b) 8 to 10
(c) 6to8
(d) 2to3
Answer:
(c) 6to8

Question 8.
A postage stamp was also issued in her honour in ________
(a) 2002
(b) 2004
(c)2001
(d)2003
Answer:
(b) 2004

Question 9.
The trust presents two awards ________
(a) e very week
(b) every month
(c) every year
(d) every two years
Answer:
(c) every year

Question 10.
Some people ________ even after death.
(a) glitter
(b) live
(c) lighten
(d) shine
Answer:
(d) shine

IV. Very Short Questions with Answers.

Question 1.
What was the name of the hijacked plane?
Answer:
The name of the hijacked plane was ’Pan Am’.

Question 2.
Where was the flight hijacked? .
Answer:
The flight was hijacked at Karachi Airport.

Question 3.
What was Neerja?
Answer:
Neerja was a senior flight Purser.

Question 4.
When was Neerja married?
Answer:
Neerja was married in March 1985.

Question 5.
When did she leave her husband?
Answer:
She left her husband at the age of 22 years.

Question 6.
Name an advertisement, she appeared while modelling?
Answer:
Binaca toothpaste was the advertisement, she appeared, while modelling.

Question 7.
Why was she sent to Miami?
Answer:
She was sent to Miami to be trained for 6 to 8 weeks.

Question 8.
When was the postage stamp issued in her honour?
Answer:
A postage stamp was issued in her honour in 2004.

Question 9.
Who went to Washington D.C. to receive the award?
Answer:
Her brother went to Washington D.C. to receive the award.

Question 10.
Who set up the Neerja Bhanot Pan Am Trust?
Answer:
Her parents set up the Trust.

V. Short Questions with Answers.

Question 1.
Who were the terrorists targetting? What did they do?
Answer:
The terrorists were more intent in targetting the Americans, So they told Neerja to collect all the passports of the passengers.

Question 2.
How many Americans were saved with her help?
Answer:
She saved at least 39 Americans out of 41 passengers with her immediate action.

Question 3.
Why were the terrorists at a loss of pilots?
Answer:
As per the mandate, the pilots made an escape through the alternate exit. So the terrorists were at a loss of pilots.

Question 4.
Why did Neerja leave her husband?
Answer:
She left her husband because of the dowry demands.

Question 5.
What was named after her in Mumbai and by whom?
Answer:
A square in Mumbai’s Ghatkopar (East) Suburb was named after her by Mumbai Municipal Corporation.

VI. Paragraph Question with Answer.

Question 1.
Narrate the disaster of Neerja’s married life.
Answer:
EUTES Though Neerja’s career had taken off, her family decided to get her married to a man in Sharjah, UAE. She was married in the month of March 1985. This is where her life took a turn for the worse. The marriage proved to be a disaster. After two months, she left her husband at the age of 22. This was due to the pressurizing dowry demands. Neerja refused to surrender to the society because . she was born with the spirit to fight.

A Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery Grammar Additional

Direct And Indirect Speech

Direct Speech:

  1. Exact words of the speaker within quotation.
  2. Verb within quotations is in the present tense forms.
  3. Punctuations like full stop, question marks and exclamations should occur before the quotation closes.
  4. ‘Wh’ questions within quotations.
  5. ‘Yes’ or ‘no’ questions begin with helping verbs like (is, was, are, were, am), will, shall, may, can, have, has, do, does.
  6. Use of ‘I’, ‘You’ in the direct speech.

Indirect Speech:

  1. The exact words need not be used to convey the i message.
  2. Verbs in the present tense must be changed to their corresponding past tense.
  3. All indirect statements, or questions or exclamations end with a full stop.
  4. ‘Wh’ words are subordinating conjunctions in the indirect speech.
  5. All the helping verbs occur in the past tense after the subject.
  6. Change to ‘he’ / ‘she’ according to the speaker and listener.

I. Complete the sentences in reported speech.

  1. ‘I will meet you tomorrow’. She said that she ________ me the next day.
  2. ‘I can do all this work myself. He said that he ________ himself.
  3. ‘Stop telling lies’. She ordered him ________ telling lies.
  4. ‘We will come to your house tomorrow’. They said that ________ to her house ________
  5. ‘My Dad has left just now’.saru told me that Dad ________

Answer:

  1. would meet
  2. could do all that
  3. to stop
  4. they would come; the next day
  5. had left just then

II. Punctuate the following,

Question 1.
what a wonderful sight it is said anu
Answer:
“W hat a wonderful sight it is saidA nu

Question 2.
she bought some pens pencils erasers and scale from the stationery shop
Answer:
She bought some pens pencils erasers and scale from the stationery shop

Question 3.
get up it is getting late said her mother
Answer:
“G et up I is getting late” said her mother

Question 4.
dont shout in the classroom keep quiet said the teacher
Answer:
“Don t shout in the classroom keep quiet” said the teacher

Question 5.
what are you doing here asked the watchman
Answer:
“What are you doing here asked the watchman

Warm Up

Many people become engineers, doctors, IAS officers, film stars and so on. But few become ‘‘Human”,
Look at the pictures.
Discuss and answer.

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Lesson Plan Samacheer Kalvi 7th English Solutions Term 3 Prose Chapter 2

Question 1.
What makes a person a hero?
Answer:
A person becomes a hero, if he risks his / her life for the sake of others.

Question 2.
How do heroes make a difference?
Answer:
A hero is a person of distinguished courage and ability. They are admired for their brave deeds and noble qualities.

Question 3.
Does every hero have to fight or risk their life?
Answer:
No, not every hero has to fight or risk his life. If he values humanity and does his best, he is a hero.

Think and Answer.

Question 1.
Can you think of a situation in which taking a small action would make a big difference?
Answer:
One day, I joined a mission-oriented online group. I raised money for a good cause. I started my own website. I volunteered for it remotely. I donated for a good cause. A small action of mine, made a big difference in my life.

Question 2.
What about everyday heroes, who do small but important acts?
Answer:
Everyday heroes should be appreciated for their valuable acts of brave deeds. They are not admired because their acts are unknown to the public.

Question 3.
Are these people really heroes?
Answer:
Yes, these people are really heroes.

A Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery Summary

Section – I

Pan Am Flight

The aircraft ‘Pan Am Flight 73’ with 360 passengers on board was hijacked by four heavily armed terrorists. It was ready to depart from Jinnah International Airport in Karachi to United States. It was hijacked, while it was parked at Karachi airport. The passengers were Indians, Germans, Americans, Pakistanis and others. The terrorists were more intent on targetting the Americans. Neerja, a senior flight purser, was asked to collect the passport of the passengers. She managed to hide and throw them down the rubbish chute. The hijackers wanted to fly to Israel and crash the plane against a building. Neerja alerted the pilots in the cockpit of the hijacked plane, so that they could save themselves. When the terrorists knew this, they attacked her violently. Responding to her warning, the pilots escaped through an alternate exit. The terrorists were at a loss of pilots.

The frustration and helplessness of the terrorists grew every hour. They became impatient. After seventeen hours of the hijack, the plane ran out of power. The terrorists were armed with grenades, plastic explosive belts and pistols. They started to fire the passengers and there was confusion on board. Taking advantage of this, Neerja leapt into action. She started saving as many passengers as she could. As she was about to exit herself, she noticed three children in the flight. She rescued the kids. But she was hit by the bullets fired by the terrorists. This heroic young girl passed away, as the wounds were fatal.

Discuss and answer.

Question 1.
How did Neerja save the Americans?
Answer:
Neerja saved the Americans by hiding their passports and throwing them down the rubbish bins.

Question 2.
Why did Neerja alert the pilots?
Answer:
Neerja alerted the pilots to escape through the alternate exits.

Question 3.
What happened when the terrorists lost their patience?
Answer:
When the terrorists lost their patience, Neerja leapt into action. She shed all her hesitation and fears. She worked her way around helping to save as many passengers as she could.

Section – II

Neerja Bhanot – Life

Neerja Bhanot was born on 7th September 1963 in Chandigarh, Punjab. Her parents were Rama Bhanot and Harish Bhanot. Her father was a journalist. She was the third child of the couple. She had two brothers, Akhil and Aneesh. She studied in Sacred Heart School till 6th Standard. After that, they moved to Mumbai. There, she attended Bombay Scottish School. She graduated from St. Xavier’s College. She got married to a man in Sharjah, UAE in March 1985. This marriage proved to be a disaster. After two months, she left her husband due to dowry demands. She refused to surrender to the society, as she was born with a spirit to fight. She started her career in modelling and made appearances in various advertisements like “Binaca toothpaste”.

Neerja applied for a flight attendant’s job with ‘Pan Am’. It was the largest international air carrier in the United States at that time. Neerja was one among the 80 applicants who were selected. She was sent to Miami to get trained for 6 to 8 weeks. Then she was sent to London to be trained as a purser, the senior-most cabin manager. Her duty was handling passenger’s complaints, making required announcements and handling security. She was soon made a senior flight purser with the airways. It was a big career achievement for a young woman of 22.

Discuss and answer.

Question 1.
Name the schools and colleges Neerja studied in.
Answer:
Neerja studied in Sacred Heart School and Bombay Scottish School. She got graduated from St. Xavier’s College.

Question 2.
Why was Neerja sent to London?
Answer:
Neerja was sent to London to train to be a Purser.

Question 3.
What is the duty of a purser?
Answer:
Pursers worked as managers on flights. They handled passenger complaints and security, They also made required announcements.

Section – III

Award, Achievement And Legacy

The Ashok Chakra citation read “Her loyalties to the passengers of the aircraft in distress will forever be a lasting tribute to the finest qualities of the human spirit”. The government of India, Pakistan and America acknowledged her act of bravery. They rewarded her with various awards. Ashok Chakra, which was India’s highest honour for bravery in peacetime was awarded to her. A postage stamp was also issued in her honour in 2004. She was awarded the ‘Justice for Crimes Award’ and ‘Tamgha-e-Insaniyat award’. Her parents set up “the Neerja Bhanot Pan Am Trust” with the insurance money and the funds from ‘Pan Am’. The trust presented two awards every year – one to honour a dedicated flight crew member, worldwide. Another award was presented to an Indian woman who overcomes social injustice and helps other women in social distress. The award includes a sum of INR 1,50,000, a trophy and a citation.

One of the children, who had been saved by Neerja during the hijack, is now a captain of a major airline. Some people, shine even after death. Neerja was one among them. Even the streets of Mumbai remember her. A square in Mumbai’s Ghatkopar (East) suburb was named after her by the Mumbai Corporation.