Laxmi

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Clipped Words, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Clipped Words

Clipping is a process of coining a new word. It is done by removing a portion of the original word.
For example: document – doc

Clipped Words For 12th English Question 1.
Choose the clipped word for airplane”.
(a) aer
(b) aerop
(c) aero
(d) plane
Answer:
(d) plane

Clipped Word For Internet Question 2.
Choose the clipped word for “biology”.
(a) bio
(b) biol
(c) logy
(d) Biolog
Answer:
(a) bio

12th English Clipped Words Question 3.
Choose the clipped word for the word “cafeteria”.
(a) caf
(b) cafe
(c) tena
(a) cafet
Answer:
(b) cafe

Clipped Word For Promenade Question 4.
Choose the clipped word for “champion”.
(a) chap
(b) pion
(c) ch ion
(d) champ
Answer:
(d) champ

Clipped Word For Cafeteria Question 5.
Choose the clipped word for “Chemistry”.
(a) Chemist
(b) Mistry
(c) Chern
(d) Chemis
Answer:
(c) Chem

Clipped Form Of Cafeteria Question 6.
Choose the clipped word for “chimpanzee”.
(a) chimpan
(b) chimp
(c) panzee
(d) chirn
Answer:
(b) chimp

Clipped Word Of Chemistry Question 7.
Choose the clipped word tòr “coeducational”.
(a) co-ed
(b) co-edu
(c) co-educate
(d) co-educ
Answer:
(a) co-ed

Cafeteria Clipped Word Question 8.
Choose the clipped word for “Internet”.
(a) mt
(b) intern
(c) net
(d) inter
Answer:
(c) net

Clipped Words Pdf Question 9.
Choose the clipped word for “graduate”.
(a) grate
(b) grad
(c) grade
(d) gradu
Answer:
(b) grad

Clipped Word Of Internet Question 10.
Choose the clipped word for “electronic mail”.
(a) E-mail
(b) electro-mail
(c) elect-mail
(d) e-mail
Answer:
(d) e-mail

Clipped Word For Information Question 11.
Choose the clipped word for ‘dormitory”.
(a) dort
(b) dorm
(c) dormi
(d) dormit
Answer:
(b) dorm

Clipped Form Of Hippopotamus Question 12.
Choose the clipped word for “fabulous”.
(a) fabul
(b) falous
(c) fab
(d) fabu
Answer:
(c) fab

Clipped Word Question 13.
Choose the clipped word for the word “information”.
(a) info
(b) inform
(c) ino
(d) infrm
Answer:
(a) info

Clipped Word For University Question 14.
Choose the clipped word for “gasoline”.
(a) galine
(b) gas
(c) gasol
(d) gaso
Answer:
(b) gas

Clipped Word For Demarcate Question 15.
Choose the clipped word for “hippopotamus”.
(a) hipot
(b) potamus
(c) hipo
(d) hippo
Answer:
(d) hippo

Clipped Word For Pianoforte Question 16.
Choose the clipped word for “teenager”.
(a) tee
(b) teenag
(c) teen
(d) ager
Answer:
(c) teen

Question 17.
Choose the clipped word for “luncheon”.
(a) lunch
(b) lunchon
(c) leon
(d) lunchen
Answer:
(a) lunch

Question 18.
Choose the clipped word for “moving picture”.
(a) mpic
(b) mopic
(c) movepic
(d) movie
Answer:
(d) movie

Question 19.
Choose the clipped
(a) piano word for “pianoforte”.
(b) piaf
(c) pionofort
(d) piaforte
Answer:
(a) piano

Question 20.
Choose the clipped
(a) prade word for “promenade”.
(b) promade
(c) prom
(d) promade
Answer:
(c) prom

Question 21.
Choose the clipped
(a) reftor word for ‘refrigerator’.
(b) refrig
(c) gerator
(d) fridge
Answer:
(d) fridge

Question 22.
Choose the clipped
(a) chronise word for “synchronise”.
(b)synchron
(c) sync
(d) synchro
Answer:
(d) vet

Question 23.
Choose the clipped
(a) rhin word for the word “rhinoceros”.
(b) rhino
(c) rhinoce
(d) ceros
Answer:
(c) sync

Question 24.
Choose the clipped
(a) stats word for “statistics”.
(b) statis
(c) static
(d) statist
Answer:
(b) rhino

Question 25.
Choose the clipped word for “veterinarian”.
(a) vetem
(b) vetrin
(c) veter
(d) vet
Answer:
(a) stats

Some more examples of clipped words:

1	agriculture	agri
2.	alchemist	chemist
3.	alumni/alumna	alum
4.	amend	mend
5.	apollinaris	polly
6.	automobile	auto
7.	beautiful	beauty
8.	biology	bio
9.	botany	bot
10.	brassiere	bra
11.	brother	bro
12.	burst	bust
13.	buttocks	butt
14.	cablegram	cable
15.	calculus	calc
16.	cellphone	cell
17.	centum	cent
18.	cleric	clerk
19.	coattails	tails
20.	coca-cola / cocaine	coke
21.	coeducational	coed
22.	comprehensive	comp
23.	condominium	condo
24.	co-operative	co-op
25.	cousin	cous
26.	cucumber	cuke
27.	daddy	dad
28.	daily paper	daily
29.	delicatessen / delicacy	deli
30.	dental / dentistry	dent
31.	detective	tec
32.	differential	diff
33.	disport	sport
34.	distill	still          ;
35.	doctor	doc
36.	dormitory	dorm
37.	drapery	drape
38.	earthquake	quake
39.	ecology	eco
40.	enthusiasm	enthu
41.	examination	exam
42.	fabulous	fab
43.	faggot	fag
44.	fraternity	frat
45.	gabble	gab
’46.	gentleman	gent
47.	Gypsy	gyp
48.	hackney	hack
49.	head-shrinker	shrink
50.	homosexual	homo
51.	jet aircraft	jet
52.	laboratory	lab
53.	lavatory	lav
54.	limousine	limo
55.	literature	lit
56.	lubricate	lube
57.	mathematics	maths
58,	maximum	max
59.	medical	medic
60.	memorandum	memo
61.	mistress	miss
62.	mobile vulgus	mob
63.	modem	mod
64.	mommy	mom
65.	motorcar	car
66.	non-vegetarian	non-veg
67.	oleomargarine	margarine
68.	parachute	chute
69.	parole dhonneur	parole
70.	penitentiary	pen
71.	pepper	pep
72.	percolate / perquisite	perk
73.	periwig	wig
74.	petroleum	petro
75.	photograph	photo
76.	popular	pop
77.	president	pres
78.	professional	pro
79.	professor	prof
80.	psychology	psych
81.	public house	pub
82.	pugnacious	pug
83.	pajamas	jams/jammies
84.	quadrangle / quadraphonic	quad
85.	raccoon	coon
86.	referee/reference	ref          ‘
87.	representative	rep
88.	revolution/reverend	rev
89.	robot	bot
90.	saxophone	sax
91.	schizophrenic	schizo
92.	scramble	scram
93.	squadron	squad
94.	specifications	specs
95.	sweatsuit	sweats
96.	synchronize	sync
97.	teacher	teach
98.	technical	tech
99.	telephone	phone
100.	television	tele
101.	trigonometry	trig
102.	triumph	trump
103.	trombone	bone
104.	turnpike	pike
105.	tuxedo	tux
106.	tympani	tymps
107.	universal joint	U joint
108.	university	varsity
109.	vegetarian	veg
110.	veteran / veterinarian	vet
111.	website	web
112.	zoological garden	zoo

Students can Download Social Science History Chapter 2 Status of Women in India through the Ages Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science History Solutions Term 3 Chapter 2 Status of Women in India through the Ages

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Status of Women in India through the Ages Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answer:

Status Of Women In India Through The Ages Question 1.
…………… society is constantly changing with additions, assimilation and omissions from within and outside.
(a) Human
(b) Animal
(c) Forest
(d) Nature
Answer:
(a) Human

Question 2.
The First woman doctor in India was
(a) Dharmambal
(b) Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar
(c) Moovalur Ramamirdham
(d) Panditha Ramabai
Answer:
(b) Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar

Question 3.
The practice of sat was abolished in.
(a) 1827
(b) 1828
(c) 1829
(d) 1830
Answer:
(c) 1829

Question 4.
B.M Malabar was a
(a) teacher
(b) doctor
(c) lawyer
(d) journalist
Answer:
(d) journalist

Question 5.
Which of the following was/were the reform movement(s)?
(a) Brahma Samaj
(b) Prarthana Samaj
(c) Arya Samaj
(d) all the above
Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 6.
The Bethune school was founded in by J.E.D. Bethune.
(a) 1848
(b) 1849
(c) 1850
(d) 1851
Answer:
(b) 1849

Question 7.
Which commission recommended to start primary schools for girls in 1882?
(a) Wood’s
(b) Welly
(c) Hunter
(d) Muddiness
Answer:
(c) Hunter

Question 8.
Sara’s child Marriage Bill fixing the minimum marriageable age for girls at.
(a) 11
(b) 12
(c) 13
(d) 14
Answer:
(d) 14

II. Fill in the Blanks:

1. ……………. society was setup by the Christian missionaries in 1819.
2. ……………. of Sivaganga fought bravely against the British.
3. Servants of India Society was started by ……………
4. ……………. was the one of the greatest social reformer of Tamil Nadu.
5. Kandukuri Veeresalingam published a journal called …………….

III. Match the following:

1. Theosophical society – Italian traveler
2. Sarada Sadan – Social evil
3. Wood’s Despatch – Annie Besant
4. Niccolo Conti – Pandita RamaBhai
5. Dowry – 1854

Answer:

1. Theosophical society — Annie Besant
2. Sarada Sadan — Pandita RamaBhai
3.  Wood’s Despatch — 1854
4. Niccolo Conti — Italian traveler
5. Dowry — Social evil

IV. State True or False:

1. Women were honoured in Rig Vedic period.
2. Devadasi system was a social evil.
3. Raja Rammohan Roy, was the pioneer of Indian social reform movement.
4. Reservation of 23 percent to women envisaged an improvement in the sociopolitical status of women.
5. The age of marriage was raised for boys and girls by the Sharda Act of 1930.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True

V. Choose the correct statement:

Question 1.
Find out the correct pair:
(a) Women’s university – Prof. D.K. Karve
(b) Justice Ranade – Arya Samaj
(c) Widow Remarriage Act – 1855
(d) Rani Lakshmi Bhai – Delhi
Answer:
(a) Women’s university – Prof. D.K. Karve

Question 2.
Find the odd
(a) Child marriage devadasi system)
(b) sati
(c) devadasi system
(d) widow remarriage
Answer:
(d) widow remarriage

Question 3.
Consider the following Statements
i) Begum Hazarat Mahal, Rani Lakshmi Bhai led an armed revolt against the British
ii) Velunachiyar of Sivaganga, Tamil Nadu fought bravely against the British Which of the statement (s) given above is/or correct?
(a) i only
(b) ii only
(c) i and ii
(d) neither i nor ii
Answer:
(c) i and ii

Question 4.
Assertion (A): Raja Rammohan Roy is most remembered by all Indians
Reason (R): He wiped out the evil practice of Sati form the Indian Society
(a) A and R are wrong
(b) A is correct and R is Wrong
(c) A is correct and R explains A
(d) A is correct and R does not explain A
Answer:
(c) A is correct and R explains A

VI. Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Quesstion 1.
Name the prominent leaders who fought for the enlistment of women.
Answer:
During the British Raj, many socioreligious reformers like Raja Rammohan Roy, Dayananda Saraswathi, Keshab Chandra Sen, Iswara Chandra Vidya Sagar, Pandita Ramabai, Dr. Muthulakshmi, Jyoti rao phule, Periyar E.V.R, Dr. Dharmambal were the prominent leaders who fought for the upliftment of women.

Question 2.
List out some social evils.
Answer:
Sat, child marriages, female infanticide, Purdah system and slavery were some of the social evils that existed in Indian Society.

Question 3.
Who were the notable women during the medieval period?
Answer:
Some of the notable women during the medieval period were Razia sultana, Queen Durgavati, Chand bibi, Nurjahan, Jahan nara, Jijabai and Mira bai.

Question 4.
Mention the important women freedom fighters of India.
Answer:
Velunachiyar of Sivaganga, Begum Hazrat Mahal and Rani Lakshmi Bhai of Jhansi were important women freedom fighters of India.

Question 5.
Give a note on Sati.
Answer:

1. Sati was social evil that prevailed in Indian Society especially among the Rajputs,
2. The feudal society of the time encouraged “sati” which meant self-immolation of the widow on the funeral pyre of her husband.
3. Earlier it was a voluntary act but later by the relatives forced the widow to sit on the funeral pyre.

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Trace the role of women in freedom struggle.
Answer:

• The spread of female education led to several other social reforms of great consequences, such as the abolition of purdah system, participation of women in the freedom struggle.
•  In the early anti-colonial Struggle women played major roles in various capacities,
• Velunachiyar of Sivaganga fought violently against the British and restored her rule in Sivaganga.
•  Begum Hazrat Mahal, Rani Lakshmi Bhai of Jhansi led an armed revolt of 1857* against the British.
• In the freedom struggle thousands of women came out of their homes, boycotted foreign goods, marched in processions, defied laws, received lathi charges and Courted jails.

Quesstion 2.
Explain the contribution of the Social Reformers for the eradication of social evils.
Answer:
The contribution of the social reformers for the eradication of social evils is listed below.
(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy:

• Raja Rammohan Roy was, the pioneer of Indian social reform movement by abolishing sati in 1829 with the help of Lord William Bentinck.
• He also protested against the child marriage and female infanticide and favoured the remarriage of widows.

(b) Ishwar Chandra Vidhyasagar:

• Ishwar Chandra Vidhyasagar carried on the movement for female education, widow remarriage and abolition of polygamy in Bengal.
• He was instrumental to passing of the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act in 1856.
•  His son Narayanachandra set an example to others by marrying a widow of his choice.

(c) Kandukuri Veeresalingam:

• Veeresalingam Pantulu published a journal Viveka Vardhani.
• He opened his first girls’ school in 1874, and made widow remarriage and female education the key points of his programme for social reform.

(d) M.G. Ranade and B.M. Malabari:

• In Bombay presidency, M.G. Ranade and B.M. Malabari carried on the movement
  for the upliftment of women.
• In 1869, Ranade joined the Widow Remarriage Association and encouraged widow remarriage and female education.
• He opposed child marriage..
• In 1884, B.M. Malabari, a journalist, started a movement for the abolition of child marriage.

(e) Gopal Krishna Gokhale:
In 1905, Gopal Krishna Gokhale started the Servants of India Society to reform the society with various measures.

(f) Periyar E.V.R:
Periyar E.V.R. was one of the greatest social reformers of Tamil Nadu. He advocated upliftment of women education, widow remarriage and opposed child marriages.

(g) Women Reformers:

• In 1889, Pandita Ramabai opened Sarada Sadan for Hindu widows in Bombay.
• Dr. Annie Besant established Theosophical society to developed general social reform programme.
• Dr. S.Dharmambal showed great interest in implementing widow remarriage and women education.
• Moovalur Ramamirdham Ammaiyar opposed Devadasi system along with Dr. Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar.

Question 3.
Give a detailed account on the Impact of reform movement.
Answer:

• Significant advances were made in the field of emancipation of women.
• It created of national awakening among the masses.
• It created the feeling of sacrifice, service and rationalism.
• The practice of sati and infanticide were made illegal.
• It permitted widow remarriage.
• The following legislations have enhanced the status of women in matters of marriage adoption and inheritance.

Legislation Provisions:

• Bengal regulation of XXI, 1804 – Female infanticide was declared illegal
• Regulation of XVII, 1829 – Practice of sat was declared illegal
• Hindus Widow’s Remarriage Act, 1856 – It permitted widow remarriage
• The Native Marriage Act, 1872 – The Child Marriage was prohibited
• The Sharda Act, 1930 – The age of marriage was raised for boys and girls
• Devadasi abolition Act, 1947 – It abolished Devadasi system

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Status of Women in India through the Ages Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Which of the following put limitations and restrictions on the liberty of women?
(a) New Social practices
(b) New Customs
(c) New Systems
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 2.
Who fought for the upliftment of women?
(a) Keshab Chandra Sen
(b) Jyoti rao Phule
(c) Pandit Rama Bai
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 3.
When was there a transitional development in the status of women restricting her role in the social life?
(a) In Indus Valley Civilization
(b) In Rig Vedic period
(c) In Later Vedic period
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) In Later Vedic period

Question 4.
The social evils which affected the position of women in the medieval period was / were ……………..
(a) Purdah system
(b) Slavery
(c) Female infanticide
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 5.
The Mughal ruler …………… attempted to abolish sati.
(a) Aurangazeb
(b) Jahangir
(c) Akbar
(d) Babar
Answer:
(c) Akbar

Question 6.
Female infanticide was particularly in vogue in ……………
(a) Rajputana
(b) North Western Provinces
(c) Punjab
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 7.
Sati was abolished during the time of …………….
(a) Lord William Bentinck
(b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Lord Wellesley
(d) Lord Dalhousie
Answer:
(a) Lord William Bentinck

Question 8.
The person who was nominated to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council in 1929 was ……………
(a) Moovalur Ramamirdham
(b) Dr. Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar
(c) Pandit Rama Bai
(d) Rajaji
Answer:
(b) Dr. Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar

Question 9.
The person who was responsible for the abolition of polygamy in Bengal was.
(a) Raja Ram
(b) Dayananda Saraswathi,
(c) Periyar E.V.R
(d) Vidya Sagar
Answer:
(d) Vidya Sagar

Question 10.
Ranade started the National Social Conference in.
(a) 1829
(b) 1853
(c) 1887
(d) 1882
Answer:
(c) 1887

Question 11.
Dr. Annie Besant came to India from
(a) U.S.A
(b) Europe
(c) AustraliaAfrica
(d) Africa
Answer:
(b) Europe

Quesstion 12.
Dr. S. Dharmambal was very much influenced by the ideas of
(a) Gokhale
(b) Periyar
(c) Rajaji
(d) None ofthe above
Answer:
(b) Periyar

Question 13.
The National Commission for women was set up by January
(a) 1947
(b) 1950
(c) 1992
(d) 2000
Answer:
(c) 1992

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. The position of women was not ……………. in all periods.
2. The widow remarriage Act was passed in ……………..
3. Among the Rajputs of Rajasthan ……………. was practiced.
4. Purdah system became popular as a result of ……………. invasion.
5. J.E.D. Bethune was the president of the council of education in ……………..
6.  In ……………. the women’s medical service did a lot of work in training mid-wives.
7. D.K. Karve established a number of female schools in ……………..
8. Lady Harding Medical College was started in ……………..
9. Bengal Regulatory Act XXI of 1795 banned the practice of …………….
10. Child marriage was prevalent among the …………….
11. Radhakanta Deb, and Bhawani Charan Banerji advocated the orthrodox Hindu opinion against the abolition of …………….
12. The Person who was instrumental in passing the “Devadasi abolition bill” was …………….
13. Narayanachandra was the son of …………….
14. Pandit Ramabai’s greatest legacy was her effort to educate …………….
15. Equal opportunity and equal pay for equal work in guaranteed by the Indian Constitution through …………….

Answer:

1. uniform
2. 1856
3. Jauhar
4. Muslim
5. Calcutta
6. 1914
7. poona
8. Delhi
9. Female Infanticide
10. tribes
11. Sati
12. Periyar E.V. Ramasamy
13. Iswar Chandra Vidya sagar
14. Widows
15. Article 14

III. Match the following:

1. Raja Rammohan Roy – a) Opened first girl’s school
2. Vidhyasagar – b) Women Reformer
3. Veeresalingam – c) Revolt of 1857
4. Tarabai Shinde – d) Abolition of Sati
5. Rani Laxmi Bai – e) Widow Remarriage

Answer:

1. d
2. e
3. a
4. b
5. c

IV. State True or False:

1. Women enjoyed equal rights among the later Vedic period.
2. The social reformers rightly realised that female education as an emancipating agent in eradicating social evils.
3. The position of wife was honoured during the ancient period of India.
4. The patriarchal system was flexible in later vedic period.
5. Sati was in practice particularly among the royal and upper strata of the society.
6. The major effect of national awakening in the nineteenth century was seen in the field of social reform.
7. Charles Wood’s despatch recommended female education in 1857.
8. The Indian Women’s University was started in 1919.
9. In 1846, the minimum marriageable age for a girl was only 14 years.
10. Niccolo Conti was an Italian Traveller.
11. Moovalur Ramamirdham fought for the emancipation of the Devadasi.
12. M.G. Ranade opposed child marriage.
13. Sarada Sadan was stated by Tarabai Shinde.
14. The Native Marriage Act was passed in 1872.
15. The National policy on Education of 1986 was passed for empowerment of women.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. False
8. False
9. False
10. True
11. True
12. True
13. False
14. True
15. True

V. Choose the correct statement:

Question 1.
Find out the correct pair.
(a) Gokhale – Servants of India Society
(b) Veereslingam – The Indian Women’s University
(c) Jagan Mohan Roy – Abolition of Sati
(d) Serampore missionaries – Female infanticide
Answer:
(a) Gokhale – Servants of India Society

Question 2.
Find the odd one out.
(a) Raja Ram
(b) Dayananda saraswathi
(c) Niccolo Conti
(d) Rama Bai
Answer:
(c) Niccolo conti

Question 3.
Consider the following Statements
i) Akbar made obligatory for the parents to obtain the approval of both the bride and the bridegroom before the marriage.
ii) According to Bengal regulation of XXI, 1804 Female infanticide was declared illegal. Which of the statement
given above is/or correct?
(a) i only
(b) ii only
(c) i and ii
(d) neither i nor ii
Answer:
(c) i and ii

Question 4.
Assertion (A): Veeresalingam Pantulu was the earliest champion in South India of women’s emancipation.
Reason (R) : Veeresalingam opened his first girls’ school in 1874 and made widow remarriage and female
education the key points of his programme for social reform.
(a) A and R are wrong
(b) A is correct and R is Wrong
(c) A is correct and R explains A
(d) A is correct and R does not explain A
Answer:
(c) A is correct and R explains A

VI. Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
What was the positive of women in Rig Vedic period?
Answer:
During the Rig Vedic period the position of wife was honoured and women’s position was acknowledged,
especially in the performance of religious ceremonies.

Question 2.
How were women treated in the later Vedic period?
Answer:

• In the later vedic period women’s social and political freedom was restricted.
• Sati became popular
• The patriarchal system became rigid.

Question 3.
Explain the term Jauhar.

• The Jauhar refers to the practice of collective voluntary immolation by wives and daughters of defeated Rajput warriors.
• They followed it in order to avoid capture and dishonor.

Question 4.
Mention the type of education followed for women in medieval India.
Answer:

• Female education was informal
• Girls usually had their lessons from their parents in their childhood.
• The rich appointed tutors to teach their daughters at home.

Question 5.
Mention the main provisions of Indian Education Commission of 1882.
Answer:

• Indian Education Commission of 1882 recommended to start primary schools for girls.
• It also suggested teacher – training institutions to be established.
• Special scholarships and prizes were mentioned for girls.

Question 6.
Explain the Madras Devadasi Act of 1947.
Answer:

• The Madras Devadasi Act was a law that was enacted on 9th October 1947.
• It gave Devadasis the legal right to marry.
•  It made it illegal to dedicated girls to India temples.

Question 7.
How did Vidyasagar promote female education?
Answer:
To promote female education, Vidhyasagar founded several girls’ schools in the districts of Nadia, Midnapur, Hugh and Burdwan in Bengal.

Question 8.
What were the key points of Veeresalingam programme for social reform?
Answer:

• Veeresalingam published a journal Viveka Vardhani and opened his first girls’ school in 1874.
• Widow remarriage and female education the key points of his programme for social reform.

Question 9.
Name the institution started by M.G. Ranade in 1887.
Answer:

• In 1887, M.G. Ranade started the National Social Conference.
• It became a preeminent institution for social reform.

Question 10.
What are the measures taken by the servants of India society of reform the society.
Answer:

• In 1905 Gokhale started the Servant of India Society.
• It took up such social reform measures as primary education, female education and uplifitment of the depressed classes in society.

Question 11.
Who was Periyar E.V.R?
Answer:

• Periyar E.V.R. was one of the greatest social reformers of Tamil Nadu.
• He advocated women education, widow remarriage and inter-caste marriages.
• He opposed child marriages.

Question 12.
Write about Sarada Sadan.
Answer:

• • Sarada Sadan means Home of Learning. It was started by Pandita Ramabai in 1889.
  • It was started to educate Hindu widows in Bombay.
  • It was later shifted to Poona.

Question 13.
How did the government of Tamil Nadu recognise the service of Moovalur Ramamirdham Ammaiyar?
Answer:

• Moovalur Ramamirdham Ammaiyar raised her voice against Devadasi system along with Dr. Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar.
• In her memory, the government of Tamil Nadu has instituted the “Moovalur Ramamirdha Ammal Ninaivu Marriage assistance scheme”.
• It is a social welfare scheme to provide financial assistance to poor women.

Question 14.
Mention the three major National Women’s organisation.
Answer:

• Leading women realized the need of forming their own association in order to safeguard their interests.
• As a result three major natural women’s organisation namely
• Women’s India Association
• National Council of Women in India .
• The All India Women’s Conference were started

VII. Answer the following in detail:

Question 1.
What was the position of women in the Medieval period?
Answer:

• In the medieval period the position of women in society further deteriorated.
• Women suffered from many social evils such as sati, child marriages, Purdah system, female infanticide and slavery.
• Normally monogamy was in practice but among the rich polygamy was prevalent.
• Widow re-marriage was rare.
• Devadasi system was in practice in some parts of India.
• The Rajputs of Rajastan, the Jauhar was practiced.
•  The condition of widow became miserable during rhe medieval period.
• But People like Akbar attempted to abolish sati.
• There were exceptional women like Razia Sultana, Queen Durgavati, Chand bibi, Nurjahan and Mira bai.
• Women’s education was not completely ignored. Female education was informal. Girls usually had their lessons from their parents in their childhood.
• The rich appointed tutors to teach their daughters at home.
• The daughters of Rajput chiefs and Zamindars studied literature and philosophy.

Question 2.
Why were the three major national women’s organisation started?
Answer:

1. Most of the reform movements like Brahma Samaj, Prarthana Samaj and Arya Samaj were led by male
   reformers.
2. Women reformers like Pandita Ramabai, Rukhmabai and Tarabai Shinde tried to extent further.
3. In 1889, Pandita Ramabai opened Sarada Sadan in Bombay to educate Hindu widows.
4. Dr. Annie Besant established Theosophical society at Chennai developed general social reform programme.
5. Dr. S.Dharmambal showed great interest in implementing widow remarriage and women education.
6. Moovalur Ramamirdham Ammaiyar’ opposed Devadasi system along with Dr. Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar.
7. Thus women reformers also contributed a lot for winning their own rights
8.  As a result three major national women’s organizations were started. They were
   • Women’s India Association
   • National Council of Women in India
   • The All India Women’s Conference.

Question 3.
Write about women in independent India.
Answer:

• Women in India now participate in all activities such as education, politics, medical, culture, service sectors, science and technology.
• The constitution of India guarantees through Article 14 equal opportunity and equal pay for equal work.
• The National policy for empowerment of women was passed under the National Policy on Education in 1986.
• New programme was launched called Mahila Samakhya.
• It mainly focused on empowerment of women.
• Reservation of 33 percent to women, envisaged an improvement in the socio-political status of women.
• The National Commission for women was set up in January 1992.
• it reviews women related legislation and intervene in specific individual complaints of atrocities and denial of rights.

Students can Download Science Chapter 5 Animals in Daily Life Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Animals in Daily Life

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Animals in Daily Life Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answers :

Animals In Daily Life Class 7 Question 1.
__________ is the daily essential product which is obtained from cattle.
(a) Egg
(b) Milk
(c) Both of them
(d) None of them
Answer:
(b) Milk

Animals In Daily Life Question 2.
Eggs are rich in __________
(a) Protein
(b) Carbohydrate
(c) Fat
(d) Acid
Answer:
(a) Protein

Animals Are The Greatest Gift Of Nature True Or False Question 3.
Which parts of the goat and sheep is used for manufacturing clothes?
(a) Leg
(b) Hand
(c) Hair
(d) Head
Answer:
(c) Hair

Animals In Daily Life Class 7 Questions And Answers Question 4.
The cultivation and production of silk is known as __________
(a) Horticulture
(b) Floriculture
(c) Agriculture
(d) Sericulture
Answer:
(d) Sericulture

Animal In Daily Life Question 5.
Sorter’s Disease is otherwise known as __________
(a) Asthma
(b) Anthrax
(c) Typhoid
(d) Cholera
Answer:
(b) Anthrax

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Proteins and __________ is rich in milk.
2.  __________ is extracted from bee hives.
3. Anthrax is caused by __________
4.  __________ is the strongest natural fibre.
5. Peace silk was produced in the year __________

Answer:

1. Calcium
2. Honey
3. Bacillus anthracis
4. Silk
5. 1992

III. True or False – If False, give the correct answer :

Animals In Daily Life Class 7 Ppt Question 1.
Animals are the greatest gift of nature.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Horse hair is used as bristles in small painting brushes.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Wool is the fibre derived from the silk worm.
Answer:
(False)
Correct statement: Sill is the fibre derived from the silk worm.

Question 4.
Ahimsa silk is otherwise known as Mulberry silk.
Answer:
(False)
Correct statement: Ahimsa silk is otherwise known as peace silk.

Question 5.
Pencillin is the best medicine for curing Anthrax.
Answer:
True

IV. Match the following :

Answer:

V. Analogy:

Question 1.
Water: pipe : Electric current: : ______
Answer:
Wire

Question 2.
Copper: conductor : wood: : _______
Answer:
Non conductor

Question 3.
Length : metre scale : current: : _________
Answer:
Ampere

Question 4.
Milli ampere: micro ampere: 10^-3 A : : _________
Answer:
10^-6 A

VI. Very short answer :

Question 1.
Write about any two dairy products.
Answer:

1. Paneer
2. Cheese

These two are dairy products. They are Nutritive food containing protein and calcium are made from milk.

Question 2.
What are the two types of fibres that are obtained from animals?
Answer:

1. Wool – silk fibre is obtained from the cocoon of silkworm.
2. Wool is got from fleece of sheep or goat

Question 3.
What is shearing?
Answer:
The fleece of the sheep is removed from its body. This is called shearing.

Question 4.
Write the symptoms of Anthrax.
Answer:

1. The symptoms are fever, cough and shortness of breathe, similar to a typical pneumonia.
2. Sometimes it may leads to nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. .

Question 5.
Define – Sericulture.
Answer:

1. Sericulture or silk farming is the cultivation of silk worm to produce silk.
2. It is the rearing of silk worms to obtain silk.

Question 6.
How should we treat animals?
Answer:

1. We must love and protect animals.
2. We should safeguard them and treat them with care.

Question 7.
Who invented the Ahimsa silk?
Answer:
Kusuma Rajaiah, a Government officer from Andhra Pradesh proposed Ahimsa way of silk production for the making silks without killing the silkworms.

VII. Short Answer Questions :

Question 1.
What are the characteristics of wool? Give any three.
Answer:

1. It is resistant to heat, water, wear and tear.
2. It absorbs moisture.
3. Wool insulates against cold. So wool is a good insulator.
4. It does not wrinkle easily.

Question 2.
Write about any three uses of silk.
Answer:

1. Silk has natural beauty and elegance.
2. It gives comfort in warm weather and warmth during colder months.
3. It is used in the manufacture of classical and high fashion clothes, modern dresses particularly silk sarees, the elegant of beautiful dresses.
4. It is also used in household for making wall hangings, curtains, rugs and carpets.
5. It is also being used in the manufacture of surgical threads for sutures.

Question 3.
What are the common diseases that are found in
Answer:

VIII. Answer in Detail

Question 1.
Write about Ahimsa Silk.
Answer:

1. It is also known as Peace silk.
2. In 1992, Kusuma Rajaiah, a Government officer from Andhra Pradesh state of India proposed ahimsa way of silk production for the making silks without killing the silkworm.
3. It involves a humane method specifically letting the worms to hatch and then using the vacant cocoons.
4. Traditional silk manufacturing methods involve boiling the cocoons of the silk worms and then sorting out the threads, which is used later in silk production.
5. It has been supported by many people who are interested in the welfare of animals.

Question 2.
Write about the hazards of silk industry.
Answer:

1. Generally, the workers in silk industry affected with arthritis is they stand for a long time reeling the silk into yarn.
2. They also develop back pain and visionary problem and skin injuries.
3. Some time they may suffer from respiratory problem like asthma and bronchitis due to poor ventilated area of their work.

Question 3.
What are the major steps involved in this wool factory?
Answer:

1. The processing of wool involves five major steps.
2. They are as follows Shearing, Grading (or) Sorting, Washing (or) Scouting, Carding and Spinning.
3. Shearing:- The fleece of the sheep is removed from its body. This is called shearing.
4. Grading (or) Sort:- The fleece from the same sheep may be different from different
   parts of the body. It is sorted out into separate piles of similar nature. This is known as Grading (or) Sorting.
5. Washing (or) Scouts: The sheared skin is washed thoroughly with soap (or)
   detergents to remove dirt, dust and grease.
6. Carding:- The dried wool is carefully removed. These fibres then passed through the rollers which are covered with fine sheet of thin wire teeth. This process arranges the wool into a flat sheet called a web.
7. Spinning:- The web is drawn into narrow strand and then passed through spinning machines. The spinning machines twist the strands into yarn. The yarn is wound to form balls of wool. This yarn is either weaved into fabric (or) retained for knitting.

Question 4.
Write the uses of the wool.
Answer:

1. Wool is a multifunctional fibre with a range of diameters that makes it suitable for clothing, household fabrics and technical textiles.
2. Two third of wool is used in the manufacture of garments including sweaters, dresses, coats and active sportswear.
3. Blended with other natural (or) synthetic fibres wool used as adds drape and crease resistance blankets, anti-static and noise absorbing carpets.

IX. HOTS :

Question 1.
Silk fiber is used to manufacture parachute. Why?
Answer:

1. Silk is the strongest natural fibre.
2. It is thin light in weight, strong.
3. It is easly to peak and unfold.
4. It is also fire resistant.
5. It is dries quickly.
6. It is also resistant to abrasion and chemicals.

Question 2.
Honey is recommended for all. Why? What is its significance.
Answer:

1. Honey has high levels of sugar.
2. It has antiseptic and antibacterial properties.
3. It can prevent cancer, heart diseases reduce ullcer and digestive problems.
4. It also soothes coughs and sore throats.
5. Hence it is recommended for all.

X. Assertion and Reason :

Question 1.
Assertion : Wool is the fibre derived from the fur of animals.
Reason : Animals like goat, Yak, Alpaca and rabbit yields wool.
(a) Both Assertion and reasoning is correct
(b) Assertion is correct but reason in wrong
(c) Assertion is wrong but reason is correct
(d) Assertion and Reason are incorrect
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and reasoning is correct

Question 2.
Assertion : Pencillin or ciprofloxacin.
Reason (R) : These medicines cures cow pox.
(a) Assertion is correct Reason is wrong
(b) Assertion is wrong reason is correct
(c) Assertion is wrong reason is also wrong
(d) Assertion is correct and reason is correct.
Answer:
(d) Assertion is correct and reason is correct.

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Animals in Daily Life Intext Activities

Activity – 1

Some of the food items are given below. Find out their ingredients and sources.

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Animals in Daily Life Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer.

Qestion 1.
Honey is rich in _______
(a) sugar
(b) protein
(c) fat
(d) vitamins
Answer:
(a) sugar

Question 2.
Fowl pox is caused by _______
(a) virus
(b) bacteria
(c) fungus
(d) protozoan
Answer:
(a) virus

Question 3.
Scouting process during processing of wool refers to _______
(a) shearing
(b) grading
(c) washing
(d) spinning
Answer:
(c) washing

Question 4.
India stands _______ in silk production in the world.
(a) first
(b) third
(c) second
(d) fourth
Answer:
(c) second

Question 5.
Cashmere, Alpaca. Muga are types of _______
(a) meat
(b) fibres
(c) eggs
(d) diseases
Answer:
(b) fibres

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. _______ are boiled to get the silk.
2. The production of silk is called _______
3. The silk moth feed on _______
4. The larva of a silk worm is called _______
5. The process called _______ involves removal of dried wool.
6. _______ is the strongest natural fibre.
7. Egg laving chickens are called _______
8. The _______ bees collect the nectar from flowers.
9. Silk is the secretion of _______
10. The spread of Anthrax can be controlled by _______

Answer:

1. cocoons
2. sericulture
3. mulberry leaves
4. caterpilla
5. carding
6. silk
7. Layers
8. worker
9. silk moth
10. vaccination

III. Very Short Answer.

Question 1.
How are chickens classified?
Answer:
Chickens are broadly of two types.

1. Layers (egg laying chickens)
2. Broilers (one’s that are reared for meat).

Question 2.
List few requirements for poultry farming.
Answer:

1. Sufficient space
2. Plenty of water
3. Proper ventilation
4. Regular feed rich in proteins, fats and vitamins.

Question 3.
Name two plant fibres.
Answer:
Cotton and Jute.

Question 4.
List few characteristic features of silk.
Answer:
Characteristic features of Silk

1. It is very soft,comfortable and versatile
2. can be easily dyed.
3. It is the strongest natural fibre.
4. It has a poor resistance to sunlight exposure.

IV. Short Answer :

Question 1.
Write a note on Anthrax.
Answer:

1. The disease Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis by handling contaminated animal hair and contact with live stock during hair processing.
2. The symptoms are fever, cough and shortness of breath,
3. It may also lead to nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.

Treatment:

1. Pencillin or Ciprofloxacin is given as the best medicine for treatment of anthrax.
2. The spread of the disease is controlled by vaccination of animals and by burning or burial of infected animals carcases.
3. It is the duty of the employer to take care of the industrial workers by providing hygienic and well ventilated work place.

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Solutions Chapter 1 Principles of Management

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Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Principles of Management Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

12th Commerce Chapter 1 Question 1.
Management is what a _______ does?
(a) Manager
(b) Subordinate
(c) Supervisor
(d) Superior
Answer:
(a) Manager

12th Commerce 1st Lesson Question 2.
Management is an _______
(a) Art
(b) Science
(c) Art and Science
(d) Art or Science
Answer:
(c) Art and Science

12th Commerce Chapter 1 Question Answer Question 3.
Scientific management is developed by _______
(a) Fayol
(b) Taylor
(c) Mayo
(d) jacob
Answer:
(b) Taylor

12th Commerce Samacheer Kalvi Question 4.
Dividing the work into small tasks is known as _______
(a) Discipline
(b) Unity
(c) Division of work
(d) Equity
Answer:
(c) Division of work

12th Commerce 1st Chapter Question 5.
With a wider span, there will be _______ hierarchical levels..
(a) More
(b) Less
(c) Multiple
(d) Additional
Answer:
(b) Less

II. Very Short Answer Questions

12th Commerce 1st Chapter Question Answer Question 1.
What is Management?
Management is part and parcel of our day to day life. So management is goal oriented and it is an art of getting things done with and through others.

Commerce 12th Samacheer Kalvi Question 2.
List out the management tools.
Answer:
Tools of management have been developed such as, accounting, business law, psychology, statistics, econometrics, data processing, etc.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 12th Commerce Question 3.
Who is a manager?
Answer:
A manager is a dynamic and life giving element in every business. Without efficient management it cannot be possible to secure the best allocation and utilisation of human, material and financial resources.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Question 4.
State the meaning of Authority.
Answer:
Authority means the right of a superior to give the order to his subordinates. This is the issue of commands followed responsibility for their consequences.

Principles Of Management Exercise Question 5.
What do you mean by Span of management?
Answer:
The Span of Management refers to the number of subordinates who can be managed efficiently by a superior. Simply, the manager having the group of subordinates who report him directly is called as the span of management.

III. Short Answer Questions

12 Commerce Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
Define the term management.
Answer:
“To manage is to forecast, to plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to control.” -Henry Fayol. It attempts to describe management in terms of what a manager does, and not what management is.

Samacheer Kalvi Commerce 12th Question 2.
Is management an Art or Science?
Answer:
Management is neither a science nor an art, but a combination of both requiring people holding managerial positions to apply the scientific management principles and displaying popular managerial skills to accomplish the organizational goals as efficiently and as quickly as possible so as to be competitive in the globalised environment of business.

Principle Of Management Exercise Question 3.
Differentiate Management from Administration.
Answer:

Commerce Samacheer Kalvi Question 4.
What are the principles of Taylor?
Answer:
Principles of scientific management propounded by Taylor are:

1. Science, Not Rule of Thumb
2. Harmony, Not Discord
3. Mental Revolution
4. Cooperation, Not individualism
5. Development of each and every person to his or her greatest efficiency and prosperity.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Book Question 5.
What determines the span of management?
Answer:
The Span of Management has two implications:

1. Influences the complexities of the individual managers job.
2. Determine the shape or configuration of the organisation.
3. There is a wide and a narrow span of management.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Solution Book Question 1.
Write about the contribution of Drucker to management.
Answer:
“Management is a multipurpose organ that manages a business and manages manager, and manages worker and work.”— Peter F. Drucker: The Practice of Management.
Drucker stresses three jobs of management:

1. Managing a business;
2. Managing manager; and
3. Managing workers and work.

Even if one is omitted, It would not have management anymore and it also would not have a business enterprise or an industrial society. According to P. Drucker, the manager has” to balance and integrate three major jobs of a business enterprise as mentioned above.

Hence, a manager is a dynamic and life-giving element in every business. Without efficient management it cannot be possible to secure the best allocation and utilisation of human, ‘ material and financial resources.

Question 2.
Explain the management process in detail.
Answer:
The substance of management should be identified as a process. A process is something that what a person does in the context of his individual duties and responsibilities assigned by his or her immediate higher authority.
There are twin purposes of the management process:

1. Maximum productivity or profitability
2. Maximum human welfare and satisfaction.

There are five parts of management as a process:

1. Co-ordination of resources: The manager of an enterprise must effectively coordinate all activities and resources of the organisation, namely, men, machines, materials and money, the fdur M’s of management.
2. Management is a Process: The manager achieves proper coordination of resources by means of the managerial functions of planning, organising, staffing, directing (or leading and motivating) and controlling.
3. Management is a Purposive Process: It is directed toward the achievement of predetennined goals or objectives. Without an objective, we have no destination to reach or a path to follow to arrive at our destination, i.e., a goal, both management and organisation must be purposive or goal-oriented.
4. Management is a Social Process: It is the art of getting things done through other people.
5. Management is a Cyclical Process: It represents planning-action-control-replanning cycle, i.e., an ongoing process to attain the planned goals.

Question 3.
Describe the principles of scientific management.
Answer:
Principles of scientific management propounded by Taylor are:
(i) Science, Not Rule of Thumb: Rule of Thumb means decisions taken by manager as per their personal judgments. According to Taylor, even a small production activity like loading iron sheets into box cars can be scientifically planned. This will help in saving time as well as human energy. Decisions should be based on scientific enquiry with cause and effect relationships.

(ii) Harmony, Not Discord: Taylor emphasized that there should be complete harmony between the workers and the management since if there is any conflict between the two, it will not be beneficial either for the workers or the management. Both the management and the workers should realize the importance of each other.

(iii) Mental Revolution: The technique of Mental Revolution involves a change in the attitude ‘ of workers and management towards each other. Both should realize the importance of each
other and should work with full cooperation. Management as well as the workers should aim to .increase the profits of the organisation.

(iv) Cooperation, Not Individualism: This principle is an extension of principle of ‘Harmony, ‘ . not discord’ and lays stress on mutual cooperation between workers and the management. Cooperation, mutual confidence, sense of goodwill should prevail among both, managers as well as workers. The intention is to replace internal competition with cooperation. Both ‘Management’ and ‘Workers’ should realize the importance of each other.

(v) Development of each and every person to his or her greatest efficiency and prosperity: Efficiency of any organisation also depends on the skills and capabilities of its employees to a great extent. Thus, providing training to the workers was considered essential in order to learn the best method developed through the use of scientific approach.

Question 4.
Explain the principles of modern management.
Answer:
The Father of Modem Management is Mr.Henry Fayol, and according to him there are 14 major principles of management which every manager has to practice for the success of the organization.

1. Division of Work: According to this principle the whole work is divided into small tasks. This leads to specialization which increases the efficiency of labour.
2. Authority and Responsibility: This is the issue of commands followed by responsibility for their consequences.
3. Discipline: It is obedience, proper conduct in relation to others, respect of authority, etc. It is essential for the smooth functioning of all organizations.
4. Unity of Command: This principle states that each subordinate should receive orders and be accountable to one and only one superior.
5. Unity of Direction: All related activities should be put under one group, there should be one plan of action for them, and they should be under the control of one manager.
6. Subordination of Individual Interest to Mutual Interest: The management must put aside personal considerations and put company objectives firstly.
7. Remuneration: Workers must be paid sufficiently as this is a chief motivation of employees and therefore greatly influences productivity.
8. The Degree of Centralization: The amount of power wielded with the central management depends on company size.
9. Line of Authority/Scalar Chain: This refers to the chain of superiors ranging from top management to the lowest rank.
10. Order: Social order ensures the fluid operation of a company through authoritative procedure.
11. Equity: Employees must be treated kindly, and justice must be enacted to ensure a just workplace.
12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel: Stability of tenure of personnel is a principle stating that in order for an organization to run smoothly, personnel (especially managerial personnel) must not frequently enter and exit the organization.
13. Initiative: Using the initiative of employees can add strength and new ideas to an organization.
14. Esprit de Corps/Team Spirit: This refers to the need of managers to ensure and develop morale in the Workplace; individually and communally.

Question 5.
Discuss the implications of span of management.
Answer:
The Span of Management has two implications:

1. Influences the complexities of the individual manager’s job.
2. Determine the shape or configuration of the Organization.

The span of management is related to the horizontal levels of the organization structure. There is a wide and a narrow span of management. With the wider span, there will be less hierarchical levels, and thus, the organizational structure would be flatter. Whereas, with the narrow span, the hierarchical levels increases, hence the organizational structure would be tall.

1. Both these organizational structures have their advantages and the disadvantages. But however the tall organizational structure imposes more challenges.
2. Since the span is narrow, which means less number of subordinates under one superior, requires more managers to be employed in the organization. Thus, it would be very expensive in terms of the salaries to be paid to each senior.
3. With more levels in the hierarchy, the communication suffers drastically. It takes a lot of time to reach the appropriate points, and hence the actions get delayed.
4. Lack of coordination and control because the operating staff is far. away from the top management.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Principles of Management Additional Questions and Answers

A. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1
_______ is a global and universal concept.
(a) Management
(b) Process
(c) Art
(d) Science
Answer:
(a) Management

Question 2.
Drucker stresses _______ jobs of management.
(a) three
(b) two
(c) four
(d) six
Answer:
(a) three

Question 3.
“To manage is to forecast, to plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to control.”said by _______
(a) Henry Fayol
(b) Peter F. Drucker
(c) Walker
(d) Carter
Answer:
(a) Henry Fayol

Question 4.
Which one is matched correctly?

Answer:
(a) Executive – (i) Decisive

Question 5.
Assertion (A): The process of administering an organisation by a group of people is known as the administration.
Reason (R): It has not full control over the activities of the organisation.
(a) Both are true
(b) (A) true but (R) is not correct
(c) Both are not true
(d) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
Answer:
(b) (A) true but (R) is not correct

Question 6.
The father of Modem Management is _______
(a) F.W. Taylor
(b) Henry Fayol
(c) Peter F. Drucker
(d) Louis A. Allen
Answer:
(b) Henry Fayol

B. Fill in the blanks

1. Management is _______ and it is an art of getting things done with and through others.
2. The Span of Management is related to the _______ levels of organisation structure
Answer:
1. goal-oriented
2. Horizontal

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the twin purposes of the management process?
Answer:

1. Maximum productivity or profitability and
2. Maximum human welfare and satisfaction

Question 2.
What is Professional Association?
Answer:
The Business Management Associations in many countries to promote the spread of knowledge in all management areas and to build up the bright public image of managerial profession.

Question 3.
What is division of work?
Answer:
According to this principle, the whole work is divided into small tasks. The specialization of the workforce according to the skills of a person, creating specific personal and professional development within the labour force and therefore increasing productivity.

Question 4.
What is unity of command?
Answer:
This principle states that-each subordinate should receive orders and be accountable to one and only one superior. If an employee receives orders from more than one superior, it is likely to
create confusion and conflict.

Question 5.
What is Scalar chain or Line of Authority?
Answer:
This refers to the chain of superiors ranging from top management to the lowest rank. The principle suggests that there should be a clear line of authority from top to bottom linking all managers at all levels.

Question 6.
Write a note on Team Spirit.
Answer:
Team Spirit refers to the need of managers to ensure and develop morale in the workplace. Team spirit helps to finish the task on time.

Question 7.
What is Mental Revolution?
Answer:
The technique of Mental Revolution involves a change in the attitude of workers and management towards each other. Both should realize the importance of each other and should work with full cooperation.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Write any subsidiary functions of management.
Answer:
(i) Innovation: Innovation refers to the preparation of personnel and organisation to face the changes made in the business world. Continuous changes are being made in the business. Consumers are satisfied through innovation.
(ii) Representation: A manager has to act as representative of a company. Manager has dealings with customers, suppliers, government officials, banks, financial institutions, trade unions and the like. It is the duty of every manager to have good relation with others.

Question 2.
Who is a Professional Manager?
Answer:
“A professional manager is one who specialises in the work of planning, organising, leading and controlling the efforts of others and does so through systematic use of classified knowledge, a common vocabulary and principles and who subscribes to the standards of practice and code of ethics established by recognised body.” – Louis A. Allen.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the differences between Management and Administration?
Answer:

For own thinking

Question 1.
Imagine yourself to be a manager and chart down the functions to be performed.
Answer:
If I am a manager of a company, I need to perform the following functions:
(a) Planning – mapping out exactly how to achieve a particular goal; creating a structure for daily tasks.
(b) Organizing – arranging the narrow goals from their broadest to most intricate form; assigning work as well as the required material to the team.
(c) Staffing – beefing up the team by recruiting, selecting, training, and developing employees.
(d) Leading – motivating, communicating, guiding, encouraging as well as assisting the team members.
(e) Controlling: Continuously checking results against goals and taking any corrective actions necessary to ensure success of the plan.

Question 2.
Formulate a new policy relating to timing of employees.
Answer:
It has always been a struggle for people to maintain work-life balance. Working excessive hours poses a danger to workers’ health and to their families. Earlier all the work was done manually. However, with the help of machinery and computers, in modem times certain industries don’t require as many working hours anymore. Technology has introduced new ways to increase productivity. More recently, the global trend leans toward a four-day work week (counting one work day as eight hours).

Even the ILO standards on working time provide the framework for regulated hours of work, daily and weekly rest periods, and annual holidays. These instruments ensure high productivity while safeguarding workers’ physical and mental health. If the workers earn enough to pay for their necessities, they may opt to spend more time at home or in leisure. Countries around the globe are already experimenting and implementing shorter work weeks in varying degrees. So, in my opinion, the new policy relating to timing of employees should be a four-day work week.

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Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences

The table given below contains the basic principles to transform the sentences:
a. Transform the sentences according to the instructions given in the bracket:

Question 1.
The girl was very hungry, so she ate the whole watermelon, (change into a simple sentence)
Answer:
Being very hungry, the girl ate the whole watermelon.

Question 2.
Though the cat made several attempts, it could not catch the mouse. (change into a compound sentence)
Answer:
The cat made several attempts yet it could not catch the mouse.

Question 3.
The peon was very ill. He could not go to office. (Change into complex sentence)
Answer:
As the peon was ill, he could not go to office.

Question 4.
The firefighters made several attempts. They could not save the drowning tiger. (Change into a simple sentence)
Answer:
In spite of making several attempts, the firefighters could not save the drowning tiger.

Question 5.
Kalpana Chawla was bold. So, she became an astronaut. (Change into simple sentence)
Answer:
Being bold, Kalpana Chawla became an astronaut.

Question 6.
As the rains stopped, the schools were opened, (change into a compound sentence)
Answer:
The rains stopped and so the schools were opened.

Question 7.
The old man was very tired. He couldn’t walk. (Change into a simple sentence)
Answer:
The old man was too tired to walk.

Question 8.
He burnt his midnight oil. Yet, he did not clear his IAS examination with distinction. (Change into complex sentence)
Answer:
Even though/Although/Though he burnt his midnight oil, he did not clear his IAS examination with distinction.

Question 9.
The master was very angry. He shouted at the drunk driver. (Change into a simple sentence)
Answer:
Being very angry, the master shouted at the drunk driver.

Question 10.
Though Kohli made many efforts, he could not rescue RCB from losing the IPL match against CSK. (Change into a compound sentence)
Answer:
Kohli made many attempts but he could not rescue RCB from losing the IPL match against CSK.

b. Change or combine into a compound sentence

Question 1.
As Rahim was sick, he could not attend the office.
Answer:
Rahim was sick and so he could not attend the office.

Question 2.
As he is wounded, he cannot walk fast.
Answer:
He is wounded and so he cannot walk fast.

Question 3.
As he was poor, he could not lead a comfortable life.
Answer:
He was poor and so he could not lead a comfortable life.

Question 4.
As Velu was sick, he could not attend class.
Answer:
Velu was sick and so he could not attend class.

Question 5.
Mallika is very arrogant. She will not apologize.
Answer:
Mallika is very arrogant and so she will not apologize.

Question 6.
I had to walk to my office as the auto drivers were on strike.
Answer:
The auto drivers were on strike and so I had to walk to my office.

Question 7.
If I had known your need, I would have given you my bike.
Answer:
I had not known your need or else I would have given you my bike.

Question 8.
If the political leader go back on their promises, common people will suffer.
Answer:
The politicians should not go back on their promises or the common people will suffer.

Question 9.
If you play truancy again, you will be punished.
Answer:
You must not play truancy again otherwise you will be punished.

Question 10.
If you start now, you can catch the flight.
Answer:
You should start now or else you cannot catch the flight.

Question 11.
In spite of her best performance, she was not given the gold medal.
Answer:
She performed well but she was not given the gold medal.

Question 12.
In spite of her illness, he obtained a high score.
Answer:
She was ill yet she obtained a high score.

Question 13.
It is really surprising that the corrupt politician has not been arrested by the police.
Answer:
The corrupt politician has not been arrested by the police and it is really surprising.

Question 14.
Sheela is smart. She will get a job.
Answer:
Sheela is smart and therefore she will get a job.

Question 15.
Not knowing any one in the town, Padma went to stay in a ladies hostel.
Answer:
Padma didn’t know anyone in the town and so he went to stay in a ladies hostel.

Question 16.
Raghu has recovered after the accident. His fractured arm is still in a cast.
Answer:
Raghu has recovered after the accident but his fractured arm is still in a cast.

Question 17.
Run three miles everyday. You will lose two kilos a week.
Answer:
Run three miles every day or else you will not lose two kilos a week.

Question 18.
The mountain is so steep that Hema cannot climb it.
Answer:
The mountain is very steep and so Hema cannot climb it.

Question 19.
The questions were tough, five students failed.
Answer:
The questions were tough and so five students failed.

Question 20.
This is the only planet that belongs to us.
Answer:
This is the only planet and it belongs to us.

C. Combine into a single sentence using ‘though’

Question 1.
Education is free yet 10 crore poor children are out of school.
Answer:
Though education is free, 10 crore poor children are out of school.

Question 2.
Tiger is a ferocious animal but it is handsome.
Answer:
Though tiger is a ferocious animal, it is handsome.

Question 3.
Gandhi gave his honest reply for not attending the evening sports class but the Headmaster punished him.
Answer:
Though Gandhi gave his honest reply for not attending the evening sports class, the Headmaster punished him.

Question 4.
Private schooling is costly yet every mother is crazy after it.
Answer:
Though private schooling is costly, every mother is crazy after it.

Question 5.
She completed her work but it was not up to the mark.
Answer:
Though she completed his work, it was not up to the mark.

Question 6.
Moni is playful. She studies well.
Answer:
Though Moni is playful, she studies well.

Question 7.
The doctor tried his best. He could not save the old man.
Answer:
Though doctor tried his best, he could save the old man.

Question 8.
She was ill at the time of the examination. She obtained a high score in the subject.
Answer:
Though she was ill before the examination, she obtained a high score in the subject.

Question 9.
He was tired but he toured all the Gaja cyclone affected districts to help the distressed.
Answer:
Though he was tired, he toured all the Gaja cyclone affected districts to help the distressed.

Question 10.
She hurried to the bus stand. She could not catch the bus.
Answer:
Though she hurried to the bus stand, she could not catch the bus.

Question 11.
I like black tea. I prefer coffee.
Answer:
Though I like black tea, I prefer coffee.

Question 12.
I memorised the lesson day and night yet I got less marks.
Answer:
Though I memorised the lessons day and night, I got less marks.

Question 13.
She studied very hard, but failed.
Answer:
Though she studied very hard, she failed.

Question 14.
In spite of being old, she walks quickly.
Answer:
Though she is old, she walks quickly.

Question 15.
In spite of her best performance, she was not given the scholarship.
Answer:
Though she performed her best, she was not given the scholarship.

Question 16.
In spite of the heavy fog, children could still see the lights in the distant valley.
Answer:
Though there was heavy fog, they could still see the lights in the distant valley.

Question 17.
It started drizzling but the foot ball match did not stop.
Answer:
Though it started drizzling, the foot ball match did not stop.

Question 18.
It started raining but the children did not stop playing.
Answer:
Though it started raining the children did not stop playing.

Question 19.
It was raining heavily. The farmers went on ploughing.
Answer:
Though it was raining heavily, the farmers went on ploughing.

Question 20.
Sudha had one pen only. She helped Mala.
Answer:
Though Sudha had one pen only, she helped Mala.

d. Change into a simple sentence

Question 1.
A person who is industrious is sure to succeed.
Answer:
An industrious person is sure to succeed.

Question 2.
NSS students have civic responsibilities. They must discharge them.
Answer:
NSS students having civic responsibilities must discharge them.

Question 3.
Anu types quickly. Anu types correctly.
Answer:
Besides typing quickly, Anu types correctly.

Question 4.
Faraday was poor and ill. Yet he did scientific experiments with a passion.
Answer:
In spite of Faraday being poor and ill he did scientific experiments with a passion.

Question 5.
Sneha is very arrogant. She will not apologize.
Answer:
Sneha is too arrogant to apologize.

Question 6.
NGOs brought sacks of food packets. They distributed to the people in cyclone-hit districts.
Answer:
Bringing sacks of food packets, the NGOs distributed to the people in cyclone hit districts.

Question 7.
He told me a story. It was about the Princess and a frog.
Answer:
He told me a story about the Princess and a frog.

Question 8.
I completed my homework. I went to watch discovery channel.
Answer:
On completing my homework, I went to watch discovery channel.

Question 9.
Sheela forgot her birthday. Her teacher greeted her on that day.
Answer:
In spite of Sheela forgetting her birthday, her teacher greeted her on that day.

Question 10.
I like milk. I prefer Boost.
Answer:
I prefer Boost to milk.

Question 11.
Gandhi speaks the truth. He was not afraid of it.
Answer:
Gandhi was not afraid of speaking the truth.

Question 12.
Kohli lost the IPL tournament. He decided to resign his captaincy.
Answer:
On losing the match, Kohli decided to resign his captaincy.

Question 13.
Anitha was poor. She was always happy.
Answer:
Despite her poverty, Anitha was always happy.

Question 14.
Take an umbrella. It may rain.
Answer:
In case of rain, take an umbrella.

Question 15.
The coffee is very hot. I cannot drink it.
Answer:
The coffee is too hot to drink it.

Question 16.
Though Sarala studied day and night, she got less marks.
Answer:
Despite studying day and night, Sarala got less marks.

Question 17.
Unless Rishab Pant performs well, he will not emerge victorious in the IPL matches.
Answer:
On account/in case of Rishab Pant not performing well, he will not emerge victorious in the IPL matches.

Question 18.
We must eat. We cannot live.
Answer:
We must eat to live.

Question 19.
When the burglar heard the barking of the dog, he ran away.
Answer:
On hearing the barking of the dog, the burglar ran away.

Question 20.
When the eve teaser saw the dog, he ran away.
Answer:
Seeing the dog, the eve teaser ran away.

e. Rewrite as Directed
Question 1.
If you wish to meet me, you can use this address. (Begin with ‘Should’)
Answer:
Should you wish to meet me, you can use this address.

Question 2.
If you were aware of the truth you would not believe her. (Begin with ‘Were’)
Answer:
Were you aware of the truth you would not believe her.

Question 3.
If you should need my help again, just call me. (Begin with Should)
Answer:
Should you need my help again, just call me.

Question 4.
If you should need any money, apply for a loan. (Begin with ‘should’)
Answer:
Should you need any money, apply for a loan.

Question 5.
If you should be late once again, you would lose your increment.(Begin with should)
Answer:
Should you be late once again, you would lose your increment.

Question 6.
If you had studied well, you would have got the merit scholarship. (Had)
Answer:
Had you studied well, you would have got the merit scholarship.

Question 7.
If it were not for the expenses involved, she would go by air. (Begin with ‘Were’)
Answer:
Were it not for the expenses involved, she would go by air.

Question 8.
If it had not rained, they would have gone to the theme park. (Begin with ‘Had’)
Answer:
Had it not rained, they would have gone to the theme park.

Question 9.
If I would have known you were ill, I would have summoned the doctor. (Begin with ‘Had’)
Answer:
Had I known you were ill, I would have summoned the doctor.

Question 10.
If I were a bird, I would fly to different countries. (Rewrite with ‘Were’)
Answer:
Were I a bird, I would fly to different countries.

Question 11.
If I had known you were here, I would have brought all your friends. (Begin with ‘Had’)
Answer:
Had I known you were here, I would have brought all your friends.

Question 12.
If she had worked hard, he would have passed the NEET exam. (Begin with ‘Had’)
Answer:
Had she worked hard, she would have passed the NEET exam.

Question 13.
If Radha had known the impending danger, she would have stayed at home.( Begin with ‘Had’)
Answer:
Had Radha known the impending danger, she would have stayed at home.

Question 14.
If my mom were to tell me such a thing of her, I would not believe it. (Begin with ‘were’)
Answer:
Were my mom to tell me such a thing of her, I would not believe it.

Question 15.
If she should tell me the truth, she would not be sacked from her job. (Begin with ‘Should’)
Answer:
Should she tell me the truth, she would not be sacked from her job.

Students can Download English Lesson 2 A Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity, Samacheer Kalvi 7th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th English Solutions Term 3 Prose Chapter 2 A Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery

Read And Understand

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. The terrorists asked Neerja to collect the passports of the passengers because ___________
2. Neerja passed on the warning in a code to the pilots because she ___________
3. Neerja leapt into action when she ___________
4. Neerja had a sour marriage due to ___________
5. Neerja was sent to London based on ___________

Answer:

1. they could identify the Americans on board
2. wanted to alert them
3. noticed there was chaos on board
4. pressurizing dowry demands
5. her performance and peer review

B. Think and Write

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Question 1.
“I will die; but not run away.” – Justify the saying of Neerja.
Answer:
The family of Neerja were discussing about the sensitive situation of an imaginary hijack. Then Neerja said these words, ‘I will die, but not run away’. She was determined not to be a coward. She lived up to her word.

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Question Answer Question 2.
Why did the three governments of – India, America and Pakistan – honour Neerja?
Answer:
India, America and Pakistan acknowledged her act of bravery. She had saved so many passengers, risking her life. So she was honoured by these governments.

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Book Back Answers Question 3.
How can we abolish terrorism?
Answer:
We can abolish terrorism by the following ways :
(a) Stop supporting the Dictators who found terrorism.
(b) Stop Arming terrorists.
(c) Stop Imperial Conquests for Arab oil.
(d) Stop torture.
(e) Tackle corruption and money laundering.

C. Read the “Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery” once again and complete the flow chart.
Answer:

D. Write a summary based on the flow chart.
Answer:
Neerja Bhanot was born on 7th September, 1963 in Chandigarh, Punjab, India. Her parents were Harish Bhanot and Rama Bhanot. Her father was a Mumbai based journalist. She had two brothers named Akhil and Aneesh. She started her career in modelling. She then applied for a flight attendant’s job with ‘Pan Am’. She sent to London to be trained as a Purser. Soon she became a senior flight purser. She was awarded the Ashoka Chakra award from the Indian government. A postage stamp was also issued in her honour in 2004. She was also awarded the Justice for Crimes Award and the Tamgha-e-Insaniyat Award from American and Pakistan government.

Vocabulary

E. Fill in the blanks with appropriate airline vocabulary given in the box.
(cockpit ,touch down ,call light,gate,turbulence, bumpy ,take off ,landing ,boarding pass ,runway)

1. You must present the __________ at the gate.
2. It might be a __________ ride because we are flying through a storm.
3. If you need anything just press the __________
4. The captain and the co-pilot sit in the __________
5.  __________ 3B is down this hall and to your right.
6. We will be __________ in Chennai in approximately ten minutes.
7. The plane almost missed the __________ because it was such a bad storm.
8. We are next in line to __________ on this run way.
9. That was a very smooth __________
10. This __________ should only last a few minutes.

Answer:

1. boarding pass
2. bumpy
3. call light
4. cockpit
5. Gate
6. landing
7. run way
8. take off
9. touch down
10. turbulence

Phrasal Verb

F. Match the phrasal verbs in column A with their meaning in Column B

Answer:

1. c
2. d
3. e
4. f
5. g
6. a
7. b

G. Find out the anagrams. Use each pair of phrases as clues.

(An anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once. Eg. Seat – east, alert – alter)

1. The past tense of leap ______
Something to serve food on _____
Answer:
Leapt
Plate

2. A place to grow flowers _____
Something to be careful of _____
Answer:
garden
danger

3. Another word for under _____
A part of your arm _____
Answer:
below
elbow

4. Try to hear _____
Another word for quiet _____
Answer:
Listen
silent

5. Another word for gift _____
A large snake or a dragon _____
Answer:
present
serpent

6. Minutes and hours _____
A thing on a list _____
Answer:
time
item

7. An organ that pumps blood _____
The planet we live on _____
Answer:
heart
earth

8. Something used to water plants _____
A thing you put on your foot _____
Answer:
hose
shoe

Listening

H. Listen to the announcements and answer the questions.

Announcement 1

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Summary Question 1.
What is the number of the flight?
Answer:
The number of the light is 89 B.

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Lesson Plan Question 2.
What are the things to be kept ready?
Answer:
Boarding Pass and Identification are the things to be kept ready.

Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Question 3.
When will the regular boarding begin?
Answer:
The regular boarding will begin in approximately ten minutes.

Announcement 2

The Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Question 1.
For whom is the final boarding call?
Answer:
The final boarding call is for passengers Alex and Ruskin Collins.

A Story Of Self-Sacrifice And Bravery Summary Question 2.
Where should the passengers proceed?
Answer:
The passengers should proceed to gate 3 immediately.

A Story Of Self Sacrifice And Bravery Mind Map Question 3.
Where is the flight to?
Answer:
The flight is to New Delhi.

Announcement 3

Question 1.
When will the flight be in the air?
Answer:
The flight is expected to be in the air in approximately seven minutes.

Question 2.
What are things that should be turned off?
Answer:
All personal electronic devices including laptops and cell phones should be turned off.

Question 3.
What is prohibited during the flight?
Answer:
Smoking is prohibited during the flight.

Speaking

I. Read the story board and take roles as pilot and flight attendants to enact the scene. Inflight Passenger Announcements.
Answer:
Flight Attendant 1 : Ladies and Gentlemen, this is Indian Airline flight 999 bound for New York. This is a reminder that all carry-on baggage must fit securely either in the overhead compartments or under the seat in front of you.

Flight Attendant 2 : The captain of this flight is Ms. Fatima. And I am Sylvia, the in-flight time to the destination will be eleven hours and 14 minutes. Our captain will provide you with more information after take-off.

Flight Attendant 1 : Before our departure, please make sure that your seats are in the upright position and tray tables are stowed. Also, please be aware that this is a non-smoking cabin and smoking in the . lavatory or any part of the cabin is strictly prohibited.

Flight Attendant 2 : Cell phones and other electronic devices should be switched off while landing and take-off. We advise you to remain seated and fasten your seat belt at all times during our flight. On behalf of Indian Airline, we welcome you on board and wish you a pleasant journey. Please feel free to ask any attendant for assistance. Thank you!

Pilot : Hello everyone, this is the captain speaking, and I want to welcome you to Flight 18 bound for New York. Our flight time today is llhours and 14 minutes, and we will be flying at an average altitude of 29,000 feet. The local time at New .York is a quarter to twelve (11:45), and the current weather is sunny, but there is a chance of rain later in the day. We will be arriving at Gate 13.

Flight Attendant 1 : On behalf of Indian Airlines and the crew, I want to wish you an enjoyable stay in the Seattle area or at your final destination. Now, please sit back and enjoy the flight. Thank you.

J. Imagine that you are going to interview one of the survivors of the Pan Am Hijack. Discuss with your partner and write down the conversation. Then one of you play the role of the interviewer and other the survivor. You can use the sample questions given below.

1. Do you have any information regarding the suspects of the hijack?
2. Which countries did the hijackers belong?
3. What are the details of the hijacked flight?
4. How many passengers were aboard?
5. What happened in the last few minutes of the hijack drama?
6. Do you have information regarding the victims?
7. Was there any recorded communication to/from the plane during the hijacking?
8. How many terrorists were there?
9. How did you feel when you were in the flight?
10. Can you recall Neerja’s role in safeguarding the passengers?

Answer:
Interviewer : Good Morning Sir. This is Manoj Tiwari from the ’Hindu’. I would like to interview you, as you are one of the survivors of the ’Pan Am Hijack’.
Survivor : Yes, it’s true. I should thank the Almighty God and Neerja for saving our lives.
Interviewer : Yes, she had done a brave act, risking her life. Do you have any information regarding the suspects of the hijack?
Survivor : No, I don’t have any information about them. But they do belong to Palestinian Organisation backed by Libya.
Interviewer : How many passengers were on board?
Survivor : There were around 360 passengers and 13 crew members.
Interviewer : How many terrorists were there?
Survivor : There were four Armed Terrorists.
Interviewer : Was there any recorded communication to / from the plane during the hijacking?
Survivor : I don’t remember anything like that happened.
Interviewer : How did you feel when you were in the flight?
Survivor : We were all holding our breaths and terrified.
Interviewer : Can you recall Neerja’s role in safeguarding the passengers?
Survivor : She shed all her hesitations and fears and worked her way around evacuating as many passengers as she could. She waited selflessly in the face of death to help the ones around her. Such a great soul she is!

K. Read the story hoard and take roles as pilot and flight: attendants to enact the scene.
Answer:
Flight Attendant 1 : Ladies and Gentlemen, this is Indian Airline flight 999 bound for New York. This is a reminder that all carry-on baggage must fit securely either in the overhead compartments or under the seat in front of you.

Flight Attendant 2 : The captain of this flight is Ms. Fatima. And I am Sylvia, the in-flight time to the destination will be eleven hours and 14 minutes. Our captain will provide you with more information after take-off.

Flight Attendant 1 : Before our departure, please make sure that your seats are in the upright position and tray tables are stowed. Also, please be aware that this is a non-smoking cabin and smoking in the . lavatory or any part of the cabin is strictly prohibited.

Flight Attendant 2 : Cell phones and other electronic devices should be switched off while landing and take-off. We advise you to remain seated and fasten your seat belt at all times during our flight. On behalf of Indian Airline, we welcome you on board and wish you a pleasant journey. Please feel free to ask any attendant for assistance. Thank you!

Pilot : Hello everyone, this is the captain speaking, and I want to welcome you to Flight 18 bound for New York. Our flight time today is llhours and 14 minutes, and we will be flying at an average altitude of 29,000 feet. The local time at New .York is a quarter to twelve (11:45), and the current weather is sunny, but there is a chance of rain later in the day. We will be arriving at Gate 13.

Flight Attendant 1 : On behalf of Indian Airlines and the crew, I want to wish you an enjoyable stay in the Seattle area or at your final destination. Now, please sit back and enjoy the flight. Thank you.

Grammar
Direct And Indirect Speech

L. Discuss with your partner and punctuate the following.

Question 1.
the woman said to the student please help me cross the street
Answer:
The woman said to the students, “please help me cross the street,”

Question 2.
sarathy said oh how thrilling it was
Answer:
Sarathy said, “Oh, how thrilling it was!”

Question 3.
the teacher said to the students where do you want to go
Answer:
The teacher said to the students, “Where do you want to go ?”

Question 4.
i am tired mohana said to her aunt
Answer:
I am Ham tired, “Mohana said to her aunt.

Question 5.
shankar said to his teacher madam i had prepared my project assignment but i forgot to bring it
Answer:
Shankar said to his teacher, “Madam, I had prepared my project assignment, but I forgot to bring it.”

M. Complete the sentences in reported speech.
Example : I admire you. She said that she admired me.

1. “It is too late.” I said that it ______ too late.
2. I met you yesterday.” Sam told me that he had met me ______
3. “I cannot come.” Mala said that ______
4. “I will pay tomorrow.” He said that he would pay ______
5. “The Himalayas are the highest mountain ranges.” He knew that the Himalayas ______ the highest mountain ranges.
6. “I may lend you some money” Balu promised ______ some money
7. “I have been watching a film.” He said that ______ a film.
8. “I have not done it today.” I explained that I had not done it ______
9. “I was with him last week.” Jimmy told that ______ with him the previous week.
10. “I will finish this picture tomorrow.” Jothi said that ______ picture the next day.

Answer:

1. was
2. the previous day
3. she couldn’t come
4. the next day
5. are
6. to lend him
7. he had been watching
8. that day
9. he was
10. he would finish that

N. Read the following dialogue and report it.

Betty : What are you doing here, Kitty? I haven’t seen you since June.
Kitty : I’ve just come back from my holiday in Darjeeling.
Betty : Did you enjoy it?
Kitty : I love Darjeeling. The landscape is amazing.
Betty : Did you go to the Lloyd’s Botanical Garden?
Kitty : Yes. It was my first trip. I can show you some pictures. Are you doing any thing tomorrow?
Betty : I must arrange a couple of things. But I am free tonight.
Kitty : You might come to my place. What time shall we meet?
Betty : I’ll be there at eight. Is it all right?
Answer:
Betty asked Kitty what she was doing there And she added that she hadn’t seen her since June. Kitty explained that she had just come back from her holiday in Darjeeling. Betty asked if she had enjoyed it. Kitty told her that she loved Darjeeling and that the landscape was amazing Betty wanted to know if she had gone to the Lloyd’s Botanical Garden. Kitty said that it had been her first trip and that she could show her some pictures. And then she asked her if she was doing anything the next day. Betty explained that she had to arrange a couple of things. But she added that she was free that night. Kitty suggested that she might come to her place and asked her at what time they should meet Betty said she would be there at eight. And finally, she asked whether it was all right.

Writting

O. Read the story of Neerja Bhanot. Make notes based on the table and complete it.
Answer:

Creative Writing

P. “Heroes are ordinary people who do extraordinary things.” Write an anecdote on the extraordinary deed of Jaiswal K.P. who helped in the recent Kerala Flood.Use the tips given in the box.

Answer:
Activity to be done by the students

A Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery Additional Question

I. Choose the correct Synonyms from the option given below

Question 1.
assaulted
(a) hit
(b) attacked violently
(c) cut
(d) scolded
Answer:
(b) attacked violently

Question 2.
disaster
(a) misfortune
(b) luck
(c) merit
(d) happiness
Answer:
(a) misfortune

Question 3.
achievement
(a) failure
(b) disappointment
(c) approval
(d) success
Answer:
(d) success

Question 4.
injustice
(a) fairness
(b) unfairness
(c) equality
(d) delight
Answer:
(b) unfairness

Question 5.
distress
(a) happiness
(b) joy
(c) merriness
(d) sorrow
Answer:
(d) sorrow

Question 6.
chaos
(a) order
(b) discipline
(c) confusion
(d) law Ml
Answer:
(c) confusion

Question 7.
citation
(a) quotation
(b)thought
(c) morality
(d) scandal
Answer:
(a) quotation

Question 8.
fatal
(a) harmless
(b) beneficial
(c) death
(d) devoted
Answer:
(c) death

Question 9.
succumbed
(a) surrendered
(b) won
(c) defeated
(d) battled
Answer:
(a) surrendered

Question 10.
mandate
(a) announcement
(b) an official order
(c) assessment
(d) truth
Answer:
(b) an official order

II. Choose the correct Antonyms from the Options given below.

Question 1.
confronted
(a) challenged
(b) opposed
(c) tackled
(d) avoided
Answer:
(d) avoided

Question 2.
calamity
(a) blessed
(b) damage
(c) distress
(d) disaster
Answer:
(a) blessed

Question 3.
foremost
(a) prominent
(b) outstanding
(c) hindmost
(d) topmost
Answer:
(c) hindmost

Question 4.
attempted
(a) struggled
(b) offered
(c) prevented
(d) gambled
Answer:
(c) prevented

Question 6.
helplessness
(a) helpfulness
(b) power full
(c) inability
(d) emotionless
Answer:
(a) helpfulness

Question 7.
senselessness
(a) meaningless
(b) foolish
(c) sensible
(d) stupid
Answer:
(c) sensible

Question 8.
rescued
(a) imprisoned
(b) saved
(c) liberated
(d) freed
Answer:
(a) imprisoned

Question 9.
similar
(a) resembled
(b) different
(c) identify
(d) same
Answer:
(b) different

Question 10.
includes
(a) comprises
(b) contains
(c) excludes
(d) covers
Answer:
(c) excludes

III. Choose the Correct Answer (MCQ).

Question 1.
The passengers on the ________ hailed from different countries.
(a) plane
(b) train
(c) bus
(d) vehicle
Answer:
(a) plane

Question 2.
The terrorists were more intent on targetting the ________
(a) Indians
(b) Pakistanis
(c) Americans
(d) Arabs
Answer:
(c) Americans

Question 3.
The hijackers wanted to fly to Israel and crash the plane against a ________
(a) 40 storey building
(b) building
(c) harbour
(d) flight
Answer:
(b) building

Question 4.
The ________ on the aircraft continued for long.
(a) chaos
(b) confusion
(c) nightmare
(d) terror
Answer:
(c) nightmare

Question 5.
The marriage proved to be a ________
(a) failure
(b) unsuccessful
(c) successful
(d) disaster
Answer:
(d) disaster

Question 6.
Only 80 of the ________ applicants were picked.
(a) 10,000
(b) 600
(c) 10,000
(d) 2,000
Answer:
(a) 10,000

Question 7.
She was sent to Miami to be trained for ________ weeks.
(a) 5 to 7
(b) 8 to 10
(c) 6to8
(d) 2to3
Answer:
(c) 6to8

Question 8.
A postage stamp was also issued in her honour in ________
(a) 2002
(b) 2004
(c)2001
(d)2003
Answer:
(b) 2004

Question 9.
The trust presents two awards ________
(a) e very week
(b) every month
(c) every year
(d) every two years
Answer:
(c) every year

Question 10.
Some people ________ even after death.
(a) glitter
(b) live
(c) lighten
(d) shine
Answer:
(d) shine

IV. Very Short Questions with Answers.

Question 1.
What was the name of the hijacked plane?
Answer:
The name of the hijacked plane was ’Pan Am’.

Question 2.
Where was the flight hijacked? .
Answer:
The flight was hijacked at Karachi Airport.

Question 3.
What was Neerja?
Answer:
Neerja was a senior flight Purser.

Question 4.
When was Neerja married?
Answer:
Neerja was married in March 1985.

Question 5.
When did she leave her husband?
Answer:
She left her husband at the age of 22 years.

Question 6.
Name an advertisement, she appeared while modelling?
Answer:
Binaca toothpaste was the advertisement, she appeared, while modelling.

Question 7.
Why was she sent to Miami?
Answer:
She was sent to Miami to be trained for 6 to 8 weeks.

Question 8.
When was the postage stamp issued in her honour?
Answer:
A postage stamp was issued in her honour in 2004.

Question 9.
Who went to Washington D.C. to receive the award?
Answer:
Her brother went to Washington D.C. to receive the award.

Question 10.
Who set up the Neerja Bhanot Pan Am Trust?
Answer:
Her parents set up the Trust.

V. Short Questions with Answers.

Question 1.
Who were the terrorists targetting? What did they do?
Answer:
The terrorists were more intent in targetting the Americans, So they told Neerja to collect all the passports of the passengers.

Question 2.
How many Americans were saved with her help?
Answer:
She saved at least 39 Americans out of 41 passengers with her immediate action.

Question 3.
Why were the terrorists at a loss of pilots?
Answer:
As per the mandate, the pilots made an escape through the alternate exit. So the terrorists were at a loss of pilots.

Question 4.
Why did Neerja leave her husband?
Answer:
She left her husband because of the dowry demands.

Question 5.
What was named after her in Mumbai and by whom?
Answer:
A square in Mumbai’s Ghatkopar (East) Suburb was named after her by Mumbai Municipal Corporation.

VI. Paragraph Question with Answer.

Question 1.
Narrate the disaster of Neerja’s married life.
Answer:
EUTES Though Neerja’s career had taken off, her family decided to get her married to a man in Sharjah, UAE. She was married in the month of March 1985. This is where her life took a turn for the worse. The marriage proved to be a disaster. After two months, she left her husband at the age of 22. This was due to the pressurizing dowry demands. Neerja refused to surrender to the society because . she was born with the spirit to fight.

A Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery Grammar Additional

Direct And Indirect Speech

Direct Speech:

1. Exact words of the speaker within quotation.
2. Verb within quotations is in the present tense forms.
3. Punctuations like full stop, question marks and exclamations should occur before the quotation closes.
4. ‘Wh’ questions within quotations.
5. ‘Yes’ or ‘no’ questions begin with helping verbs like (is, was, are, were, am), will, shall, may, can, have, has, do, does.
6. Use of ‘I’, ‘You’ in the direct speech.

Indirect Speech:

1. The exact words need not be used to convey the i message.
2. Verbs in the present tense must be changed to their corresponding past tense.
3. All indirect statements, or questions or exclamations end with a full stop.
4. ‘Wh’ words are subordinating conjunctions in the indirect speech.
5. All the helping verbs occur in the past tense after the subject.
6. Change to ‘he’ / ‘she’ according to the speaker and listener.

I. Complete the sentences in reported speech.

1. ‘I will meet you tomorrow’. She said that she ________ me the next day.
2. ‘I can do all this work myself. He said that he ________ himself.
3. ‘Stop telling lies’. She ordered him ________ telling lies.
4. ‘We will come to your house tomorrow’. They said that ________ to her house ________
5. ‘My Dad has left just now’.saru told me that Dad ________

Answer:

1. would meet
2. could do all that
3. to stop
4. they would come; the next day
5. had left just then

II. Punctuate the following,

Question 1.
what a wonderful sight it is said anu
Answer:
“W hat a wonderful sight it is saidA nu

Question 2.
she bought some pens pencils erasers and scale from the stationery shop
Answer:
She bought some pens pencils erasers and scale from the stationery shop

Question 3.
get up it is getting late said her mother
Answer:
“G et up I is getting late” said her mother

Question 4.
dont shout in the classroom keep quiet said the teacher
Answer:
“Don t shout in the classroom keep quiet” said the teacher

Question 5.
what are you doing here asked the watchman
Answer:
“What are you doing here asked the watchman

Warm Up

Many people become engineers, doctors, IAS officers, film stars and so on. But few become ‘‘Human”,
Look at the pictures.
Discuss and answer.

Question 1.
What makes a person a hero?
Answer:
A person becomes a hero, if he risks his / her life for the sake of others.

Question 2.
How do heroes make a difference?
Answer:
A hero is a person of distinguished courage and ability. They are admired for their brave deeds and noble qualities.

Question 3.
Does every hero have to fight or risk their life?
Answer:
No, not every hero has to fight or risk his life. If he values humanity and does his best, he is a hero.

Think and Answer.

Question 1.
Can you think of a situation in which taking a small action would make a big difference?
Answer:
One day, I joined a mission-oriented online group. I raised money for a good cause. I started my own website. I volunteered for it remotely. I donated for a good cause. A small action of mine, made a big difference in my life.

Question 2.
What about everyday heroes, who do small but important acts?
Answer:
Everyday heroes should be appreciated for their valuable acts of brave deeds. They are not admired because their acts are unknown to the public.

Question 3.
Are these people really heroes?
Answer:
Yes, these people are really heroes.

A Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery Summary

Section – I

Pan Am Flight

The aircraft ‘Pan Am Flight 73’ with 360 passengers on board was hijacked by four heavily armed terrorists. It was ready to depart from Jinnah International Airport in Karachi to United States. It was hijacked, while it was parked at Karachi airport. The passengers were Indians, Germans, Americans, Pakistanis and others. The terrorists were more intent on targetting the Americans. Neerja, a senior flight purser, was asked to collect the passport of the passengers. She managed to hide and throw them down the rubbish chute. The hijackers wanted to fly to Israel and crash the plane against a building. Neerja alerted the pilots in the cockpit of the hijacked plane, so that they could save themselves. When the terrorists knew this, they attacked her violently. Responding to her warning, the pilots escaped through an alternate exit. The terrorists were at a loss of pilots.

The frustration and helplessness of the terrorists grew every hour. They became impatient. After seventeen hours of the hijack, the plane ran out of power. The terrorists were armed with grenades, plastic explosive belts and pistols. They started to fire the passengers and there was confusion on board. Taking advantage of this, Neerja leapt into action. She started saving as many passengers as she could. As she was about to exit herself, she noticed three children in the flight. She rescued the kids. But she was hit by the bullets fired by the terrorists. This heroic young girl passed away, as the wounds were fatal.

Discuss and answer.

Question 1.
How did Neerja save the Americans?
Answer:
Neerja saved the Americans by hiding their passports and throwing them down the rubbish bins.

Question 2.
Why did Neerja alert the pilots?
Answer:
Neerja alerted the pilots to escape through the alternate exits.

Question 3.
What happened when the terrorists lost their patience?
Answer:
When the terrorists lost their patience, Neerja leapt into action. She shed all her hesitation and fears. She worked her way around helping to save as many passengers as she could.

Section – II

Neerja Bhanot – Life

Neerja Bhanot was born on 7th September 1963 in Chandigarh, Punjab. Her parents were Rama Bhanot and Harish Bhanot. Her father was a journalist. She was the third child of the couple. She had two brothers, Akhil and Aneesh. She studied in Sacred Heart School till 6th Standard. After that, they moved to Mumbai. There, she attended Bombay Scottish School. She graduated from St. Xavier’s College. She got married to a man in Sharjah, UAE in March 1985. This marriage proved to be a disaster. After two months, she left her husband due to dowry demands. She refused to surrender to the society, as she was born with a spirit to fight. She started her career in modelling and made appearances in various advertisements like “Binaca toothpaste”.

Neerja applied for a flight attendant’s job with ‘Pan Am’. It was the largest international air carrier in the United States at that time. Neerja was one among the 80 applicants who were selected. She was sent to Miami to get trained for 6 to 8 weeks. Then she was sent to London to be trained as a purser, the senior-most cabin manager. Her duty was handling passenger’s complaints, making required announcements and handling security. She was soon made a senior flight purser with the airways. It was a big career achievement for a young woman of 22.

Discuss and answer.

Question 1.
Name the schools and colleges Neerja studied in.
Answer:
Neerja studied in Sacred Heart School and Bombay Scottish School. She got graduated from St. Xavier’s College.

Question 2.
Why was Neerja sent to London?
Answer:
Neerja was sent to London to train to be a Purser.

Question 3.
What is the duty of a purser?
Answer:
Pursers worked as managers on flights. They handled passenger complaints and security, They also made required announcements.

Section – III

Award, Achievement And Legacy

The Ashok Chakra citation read “Her loyalties to the passengers of the aircraft in distress will forever be a lasting tribute to the finest qualities of the human spirit”. The government of India, Pakistan and America acknowledged her act of bravery. They rewarded her with various awards. Ashok Chakra, which was India’s highest honour for bravery in peacetime was awarded to her. A postage stamp was also issued in her honour in 2004. She was awarded the ‘Justice for Crimes Award’ and ‘Tamgha-e-Insaniyat award’. Her parents set up “the Neerja Bhanot Pan Am Trust” with the insurance money and the funds from ‘Pan Am’. The trust presented two awards every year – one to honour a dedicated flight crew member, worldwide. Another award was presented to an Indian woman who overcomes social injustice and helps other women in social distress. The award includes a sum of INR 1,50,000, a trophy and a citation.

One of the children, who had been saved by Neerja during the hijack, is now a captain of a major airline. Some people, shine even after death. Neerja was one among them. Even the streets of Mumbai remember her. A square in Mumbai’s Ghatkopar (East) suburb was named after her by the Mumbai Corporation.

Students can Download Science Chapter 3 Polymer Chemistry Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Solutions Term 3 Chapter 3 Polymer Chemistry

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Polymer Chemistry Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answers :

Polymer Chemistry 7th Standard Question 1.
The first man-made fibre is ________
(a) Nylon
(b) Polyester
(c) Rayon
(d) Cotton
Answer:
(c) Rayon

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science 3rd Term Question 2.
Which of the following is the strongest?
(a) Rayon
(b) Nylon
(c) Acrylic
(d) Polyester
Answer:
(b) Nylon

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Term 3 Question 3.
When you place a natural fibre in a flame it ________
(a) melts
(b) burns
(c) gets nothing
(d) explodes
Answer:
(b) burns

Samacheer Kalvi 7th 3rd Term Science Question 4.
A synthetic fibre which has similar properties to wool is ________
(a) Nylon
(b) Polyester
(c) Acrylic
(d) PVC
Answer:
(c) Acrylic

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Books Science Term 3 Question 5.
A good application of plastic is the use of ________
(a) Blood bags
(b) Plastic cutlery
(c) Plastic straws
(d) Plastic carry bag
Answer:
(a) Blood bags

Question 6.
________ is non-biodegradable material.
(a) Paper
(b) A plastic bottle
(c) Cotton cloth
(d) Wool
Answer:
(d) Wool

Question 7.
PET is the acronym for ________
(a) Polyester
(b) Polyester and terylene
(c) Polyethylene terephthalate
(d) Polyetheneterylene
Answer:
(c) Polyethylene terephthalate

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. ______ is an example of polyester fabric.
2. ______ are used to identify different types of plastics.
3. A ______ is a long chain made up of many repeated small units called monomers.
4. The fully natural fibreis called ______
5. A natural fibre obtained by boiling of cocoons is called ______

Answer:

1. Raincoat
2. Resin codes
3. polymer
4. plant fibre
5. silk

III. True or False :

Question 1.
A lot of plastic pollutes our environment.
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
Refuse (avoid) is the best way to manage plastic.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
It is good to wear clothes made of synthetic fibres while cooking.
Answer:
(False)
Correct statement: It is good to wear clothes made of fibres while cooking.

Question 4.
Degradable plastics break down into tiny pieces called microplastics.
Answer:
True.

Question 5.
Cotton is a natural polymer.
Answer:
True.

IV. Match the following :

Answer:

V. Arrange in Correct Sequence:

1. Mix water, starch, vinegar and glycerin in a cooking pot.
2. Let the article cool for 24 hours before we use it.
3. Shape material to form a cup or bowl.
4. Continuously mix on medium heat until the liquid turns clear.
5. When the liquid begins to bubble it is ready to be taken off the stove.
6. Spread the gel onto aluminium foil and cool.
Answer:
1. Mix water, starch, vinegar and glycerin in a cooking pot.
4. Continuously mix on medium heat until the liquid turns clear.
5. When the liquid begins to bubble it is ready to be taken off the stove.
6. Spread the gel onto aluminium foil and cool.
3. Shape material to form a cup or bowl.
2. Let the article cool for 24 hours before we use it.

VI. Analogy :

Question 1.
Cotton: natural:: Polyester: ______
Answer:
Synthetic.

Question 2.
PLA spoon :compostable:: Plastic spoon: ______
Answer:
Disposable.

Question 3.
Nylon :melts on heating:: Silk: ______
Answer:
Burns on heating.

VII. Assertion – Reason type question :

Option:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : Vegetable peels buried in the soil disappear within two weeks.
Reason (R) : Vegetable peels are compostable.
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : It takes a very long time for nylon clothes to breakdown into microfibers but cotton clothes need only six months to decompose.
Reason (R) : Nylon made out of petrochemicals is non-biodegradable and cotton cloth is biodegradable.
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Question 3.
Assertion (A) : It is good to avoid plastics.
Reason (R) : Plastics end up polluting the environment.
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

VIII. Crossword

Across
1. Fibre that is used as synthetic wool.
2. A plastic used for making water bottles.
3. A long chain made of small repeating monomers.
4. Another name for this semi-synthetic fibre is artificial silk.

Down:
5. A type of fibre that is naturally obtained from a cocoon.
6. A synthetic fibre classified as polyester.
7. A polymer used for making rope

IX. Very short answer :

Question 1.
What is the chemical name of the polymers that make up cotton?
Answer:
Cellulose.

Question 2.
What gives plastic different qualities and characteristics?
Answer:
Different chemicals (additives) are added to plastic to give them various qualities and characteristics.

Question 3.
It is not advisable to burn plastic and synthetic fabrics. Why?
Answer:
Burning of plastics and synthetic fabrics is not a good solution, as we end up wasting non-renewable resources and produce super toxic chemicals that are difficult to store or dispose safely.

Question 4.
A bucket made of plastic does not rust like a bucket made of iron. Why?
Answer:

1. The reason is due to their chemical composition.
2. The bucket is made of plastic which does not react with the oxygen and humidity present in air.
3. While the iron reacts with the oxygen, air corrodes to form rust.

Question 5.
Why is it better to avoid the use of plastic products?
Answer:

1. Plastics do not decompose by natural processes and action of bacteria and are therefore not biodegradable.
2. A lot of the plastic produced globally is designed to be used only once and thrown away, creating a large amount of plastic waste.
3. Plastic waste ends up being recycled, incinerated, landfilled, dumped or ends up littering our environment.
4. So, it is better to avoid the use of plastic products.

Question 6.
Give two examples of thermosetting plastics.
Answer:
Bakelite, Melamine.

Question 7.
What is the 5 R principle?
Answer:
Plastic disposal is the 5 R principle, Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover is called as 5 R principle.

X. Short Answer :

Question 1.
What does the term biodegradable mean?
Answer:
A material that gets decomposed through natural processes and action by bacteria is called biodegradable

Question 2.
What kind of fabric is suitable to dress-up and play in summer? Why?
Answer:

1. In summer it is better to wear clothing that is made out of cotton materials rather than synthetic.
2. This is because most synthetic fibres absorb very little moisture and do not allow air circulation making them hot and uncomfortable to wear.

Question 3.
How do plastics impact animals and the environment?
Answer:

1. The increase in the use of plastics, particularly the one-time use and throw away plasticshas serious impacts on the environment, animals and our health.
2. We have seen garbage dumps with different plastics. One big problem with plastics is that they do not decompose or biodegrade.
3. This leads to large amounts of waste that will not disappear and end up accumulating and polluting the environment.
4. Many animals confuse plastic for food and eat it by accident. When leftover food is thrown away it is often packed in plastic. Animals smell the leftover food and eat the plastic by accident.

XI. Long Answer :

Question 1.
List the advantages and disadvantages of synthetic fibres.
Answer:
Advantages-and disadvantages of synthetic fibres.

Question 2.
Suggest safe methods of disposing plastics.
Answer:
Refuse (Avoid):

1. The best thing to do is to avoid using plastic products.
2. One-time use throw away plastics can often be avoided.

Reduce : Reducing the amount of plastic we use is important.
Reuse : If possible products made of plastics can be used again and again.
Recycle:

1. It is better to recycle plastic waste.
2. Separating plastic waste (based on the resin code) and making sure it gets recycled is good as it turns waste materials into something new.
3. Then it will not be thrown away in landfills, open dumps or ending up as litter in the environment.
   Solid waste can be converted into resources such as electricity and compost through thermal and biological means.

XII. HOTS :

Question 1.
The Tamil Nadu Government has banned the use of one-time use throw away plastics. Why
do you think this is important?
Answer:
It is important to reduce the negative consequences of plastics on the environment.

Question 2.
A plastic bag dumped in the soil stays without breaking down for 500years. If a new generation starts in every 30 years, how many generations would it take to see the plastic bag finally broken down?
Answer:
It would take 16 to 17 generations to see the plastic bag finally broken down.

XIII.
Question 1.
Fill in the blanks :

Answer:

Question 2.
Look at the following picture and explain what is happening

Answer:
A lot of one-time use plastic such as polythene bags and food packaging that are thrown away are responsible for littering the environment and clogging drains. Standing water breeds mosquitoes that can spread diseases such as malaria dengue and chickungunya and also lead to flooding.

Question 3.
Read the following information and convert them into a graph to compare the countries and the amount of plastic they use.
China contributes the highest share – that is around 28%, of the total plastic used globally. Indonesia uses 10%, both the Philippines and Vietnam use 6% each; Thailand uses 3.2%, Egypt 3%, Nigeria 2.7% and South Africa 2%.
Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Polymer Chemistry Intext Activity

Activity – 2
How Strong is Nylon? Take an iron stand with a clamp. Take samples of cotton, wool, nylon and silk threads of about 50cm in length.
First tie cotton thread to the stand so that it hangs freely from it. At the free end, attach a CD as plate so that weights can be placed on it. Add weights starting from 10 grams one by one, until the thread breaks. Note down the total weight required to break the cotton thread. Repeat the same activity with the wool, silk and nylon threads. NOTE: All the varieties of threads should be of same thickness.

Question 1.
Arrange the threads in the order of increasing strength.
Answer:
Cotton, Wool, Silk, Nylon.

Question 2.
What do you infer from the above activity?
Answer:
Nylon thread is the strongest thread.

Question 3.
Which type of fibre is the strongest?
Answer:
Nylon.

Question 4.
Which type of fibre is the weakest?
Answer:
Cotton.

Activity – 4

Question 1.
Synthetic or Natural Fibres : The teacher can give the learner a piece of each and every type of fibre. The learner can feel the fibre and write down the name of the fibre and state whether it is natural or synthetic fibre.
Answer:

Question 2.
We have done four activities so far. Which activity helped you better to identify the type of fibre?
Answer:
Activity 3, 4

Activity – 5

Question 1.
What do you observe while the cotton cloth burns?
Answer:
The cotton cloth burns completely. Does not melt and has the odour of burning paper.

Question 2.
What do you observe while the polyester cloth burns?
Answer:
Polyester cloth melts on burning and giving off black smoke.

Activity – 6

Question 1.
We use an umbrella on rainy days. What kind of umbrella do we use?
Answer:
Nylon or Polyester

Question 2.
Which of these fabrics allows water to pass through?
Answer:
Cotton cloth allows water to pass through whereas umbrella cloth does not allow water to pass through.

Question 3.
Which of these fabrics dries the fastest? The cotton cloth or the umbrella cloth?
Answer:
Umbrella cloth dries the fastest.

Activity – 7

Question 1.
Right and wrong application of plastics.
Look at the list of eight plastic items. Decide which four plastic items are used for the right application and which four are used for the wrong application by filling in the chart below: Plastic items: straws, helmets, cutlery, thin carry bags, syringes, electrical wires,tea cups and blood bags

Answer:

Activity – 8
Question 1.
Identify the different types of plastics.
Collect different kinds of plastic products and look carefully for the resin code and/or acronym on them. With the help of the resin code chart, mark the resin code number, acronym, if you think it is a safer, unsafe or questionable (when you cannot find the resin code in the article) type of plastic. What resin codes do you find? Is the resin code safer, un safe or questionable?
Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Polymer Chemistry Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
Which of these is a natural fibre?
(a) Nylon
(b) Cotton
(c) Rayon
(d) Polyester
Answer:
(b) cotton

Question 2.
Which of these plastics is a polymer?
(a) Bakelite
(b) Polystyrene
(c) Polythene
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 3.
Which of these is not a property of plastics?
(a) Inflammable
(b) Bad conductor of heat
(c) Soluble in water
(d) Bad conductor
Answer:
(c) Soluble in water

Question 4.
Pick the synthetic fibre out of the following.
(a) Jute
(b) Cotton
(c) Nylon
(d) Wool

Question 5.
Which is a thermosetting plastic?
(a) Melamine
(b) Polythene
(c) PVC
(d) Nylon
Answer:
(a) Melamine

Question 6.
Which of the following is non – bio degradable?
(a) Plastic
(b) Paper
(c) Cotton cloth
(d) Wood
Answer:
(a) Plastic

Question 7.
The material similar to silk in appearance is.
(a) nylon
(b) rayon
(c) polyester
(d) terylene
Answer:
(b) rayon

Question 8.
The fibres such as rayon, nylon, polyester are obtained from
(a) natural resources
(b) chemical substances
(c) minerals
(d) plants and animals
Answer:
(b) chemicals substances

Question 9.
Which of the following fibres is considered as the strongest natural fibre?
(a) Cotton
(b) Jute
(c) Silk
(d) Wool
Answer:
(c) Silk

Question 10.
Which of the following is found in sanitary products?
(a) Nylon
(b) Wool
(c) Jute
(d) Rayon
Answer:
(d) Rayon

II. Fill in the Blanks.

1. Polymers are very long chains made of repeating smaller molecules called ______
2. All the ______ present in your body are polymers.
3. ______ is made of sugar molecules and is the main component of cotton used in clothing.
4. ______ and ______ are the building block monomers that make up many different types of plastics.
5. ______ are long strands of polymers interwoven to form linear, string-like structures.
6. Fibres that are made using raw materials from ______ are synthetic fibres.
7. The cellulose dissolves in the chemicals added to it and produces syrup called ______
8. Nylon is a plastic polymer made of chemical units called ______
9. ______ is a synthetic fibre which is strong and elastic that it has the ability to bounce.
10. Syringe that is made from a type of plastic called ______
11. Edmund Alexander Parkes was the creator of the first plastic called .
12. resists fire and can tolerate heat.
13. Poly Lactic Acid or polylactide is and , thermoplastic.

Answer:

1. monomers
2. proteins
3. Cellulose
4. Ethylene, propylene
5. Fibres
6. petroleum
7. Viscose
8. Polyamides
9. Trampoline
10. polypropylene
11. Parkesine
12. Melamine
13. Compostable, bioactive

III. True or False – if false, give the correct statement.

Question 1.
Polycot is a mixture of polyester and cotton.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Polyamides are made with monomers.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Wool is the first fully processed synthetic fibre.
Answer:
Correct statement: is the first fully processed synthetic fibre.

Question 4.
Rayon is a fibre obtained by the chemical treatment of wood pulp.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Plastics are flexible and waterproof and some are even UV resistant.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
Bakelite and melamine are some examples of thermoplastics
Answer:
False
Correct statement: Bakelite and and melamine are some examples of thermosettingplastic

Question 7.
Polyvinyl chloride has heavy metals such as cadmium and lead which are toxic and harmful to our health.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Plastics can be found in toothpaste, facewash and bodyscrubs.
Answer:
False
Correct statement : can be found in toothpaste, facewash and bodyscrubs.

Question 9.
Plastics are environment friendly.
Answer:
False
Correct statement: Plastics are not environment friendly.

Question 10.
Artificial fibres are stronger than natural fibres.
Answer:
True

Question 11.
Electric switches, plugs, sockets and handles of cooling utensils are made up of thermoplastics.
Answer:
Correct statement: Electric switches, plugs, sockets and handles of cooling utensils are made up of thermosetting plastic

IV. Match the following :

Question 1.

Answer:

1. b
2. d
3. a
4. c

Question 2.

Answer:

1. c
2. d
3. a
4. b

Question 3.

Answer:

1. c
2. a
3. d
4. b

V. Very short answers:

Question 1.
What is the full form of PVC?
Answer:
Poly Vinyl Chloride.

Question 2.
Name a synthetic fibre which works like wool?
Answer:
Acrylic.

Question 3.
Plastic articles are available in all possible shapes and sizes. Why?
Answer:
Plastic is easily mouldable, so the articles can be made in any shape and size.

Question 4.
Name the unit used in the formation of a polymer.
Answer:
Monomer is the small unit used in the formation of a polymer.

Question 5.
Name the form of polyester which is replacing materials like glass and used for making bottles and jars.
Answer:
PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) is a form of polyester.

Question 6.
For making PVC pipes, which type of plastic is used?
Answer:
Thermoplastic.

Question 7.
Name the plastic. Which is coated on the uniform of fireman to make it fire resistant?
Answer:
Melamine is coated in the uniforms of fireman.

Question 8.
Name a natural polymer occuring in plants.
Answer:
Cellulose, Starch, etc.

Question 9.
On burning wool, why we get the small of burning of hair?
Answer:
Since, wool is made from hair of sheep, it gives smell of burning hair.

Question 10
What is polymerization?
Answer:
The process by which monomers are linked together by covalent bonds to form polymers is called polymerization.

VI. Short Answer.

Question 1.
Why is rayon called on artificial silk?
Answer:

1. Rayon is a synthetic fibre having properties similar to that of silk.
2. It was obtained by chemical treatment of wood pulp.
3. That’s why, it is called an artificial silk.

Question 2.
What are the various methods of disposing plastics?
Answer:

1. Refuse
2. Reduce
3. Recycle
4. Recover

Question 3.
What is compostable plastic?
Answer:

1. Plastics which are derived from renewable resources such as corn, sugar cane, avocado seeds or shrimp cells.
2. It can be broken down completely by microbes and turned back into food for plants – COz, methane, water and other natural compounds.

Question 4.
Why do you think some animals eat plastic?
Answer:

1. Many animals confuse plastic for food and eat it by accident.
2. When leftover food is thrown away it is often packed in plastic.
3. Animals smell the leftover food and eat the plastic by accident.

Question 5.
What do you mean by microplastics?
Answer:

1. Synthetic fibres are made out of petrochemicals and last in the environment for a very long time.
2. It break down into very small pieces called microplastics which cause pollution to soil and water bodies such as rivers, lakes and oceans.

Question 6.
Mention a few household products in which microbeads can found.
Answer:
Microbeads can be found in toothpaste, facewash and bodyscrubs.

Question 7.
What is thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics?
Answer:
Plastics which can be easily softened and bent when heated are known as thermoplastic . There are some plastics which once they are moulded, cannot be softened through heating them. These are called Thermo plastic

Question 8.
Hot foot stuff should not be kept in polythene containers. Why?
Answer:
Hot food stuff should not be kept in polythene containers since polythene is a thermoplastic.

Question 9.
Plastics have completely occupied our life. Why?
Answer:

1. Plastics have completely occupied our life because of their characteristic qualities.
2. Plastics have many positive qualities such as lightweight, strong and they can be moulded into complex shapes.
3. They are also flexible and waterproof and some plastics are even UV resistant.
4. Plastics are also cheap and convenient for us to use.

VII. Long Answer

Question 1.
Explain about plastic eating bacteria.
Answer:

1. In 2016, scientists from Japan tested different bacteria from a bottle recycling plant and found that Ideonellasakaiens is 201-F6 could digest the plastic used to make single-use drinks bottles that are made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
2. The bacteria works by secreting an enzyme known as ‘PETase’, that breaks down plastic into smaller molecules.
3. These smaller molecules are then absorbed by the bacteria as a food source.
4. The scale of the bacteria breaking down plastics is much slower and will therefore not solve the crisis we are facing.

Question 2.
Write a note on manufacturing of glass.
Answer:

1. Glass is prepared by heating (SiO) silicondi-oxide until it melts, about 1700°C and Sodium Carbonatfe is added to it.
2. Then it is cooled down really fast.
3. When SiO2 silicondi-oxide melts, the silicon and oxygen atoms break out of their crystal structure.
4. If we cooled it slowly, the atoms would slowly line up back into their crystalline arrangement.
5. But if we cool the liquid fast enough, the atoms of the silica will be halted in their tracks, they won’t have time to line up, and they will be stuck in any old arrangement, with no order to the arrangement of the atoms.
6. We call materials like this as amorphous.

Question 3.
Write the importance of rayon.
Answer:

1. Some types of rayon are made from the short cotton fibres left on cotton seeds after ginning.
2. Rayon is cheaper than silk, can be woven like natural silk fibre and can be dyed in a wide variety of colours.
3. It can be mixed with cotton to make bed sheets or with wool in the production of carpets and home furnishing products.
4. Rayon is also found in sanitary products, diapers, bandages and gauze for dressing

VIII. Complete the following crossword with the help of the clues provided:

Across:
5. First artificially made fibre.
6. Join together to form polymers.
7. Made of ester units.

Down:
1. Terylene and cotton blend.
2. An example of a thermosetting platics.
3. Artificially made fibres.
4. Used to make parachutes.

IX. HOTS:

Question 1.
Ram took with him some nylon ropes, when he was going for rock climbing. Can you tell why he selected nylon ropes instead of ropes made up of cotton or jute?
Answer:

1. Nylon ropes are strong, elastic and lighter as compared to cotton and jute ropes.
2. A nylon thread is actually stronger than a steel wire of similar thickness.

Question 2.
Ramya loves to were the clothes made up of synthetic fibres. When she was working in kitchen, her mother advised her not to wear the synthetic clothes.

1. Why Ramya’s mother advised her not to wear synthetic clothes while working in kitchen?
2. Why Ramya loves to wear synthetic dress?

Answer:

1. Synthetic fibres melt on heating. It the clothes catch fire, it can be disastrous. The fabric melts and sticks to the body of the person wearing it. So, she advised here not to wear synthetic clothes while working in kitchen.
2. Ramya loves to wear synthetic dress because these clothes dry up quickly, durable, less expensive, readily available and easy to maintain.

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Solutions Poem Chapter 6 The Hollow Crown

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The Hollow Crown Poem Summary Warm up

(a) Work with a partner take this short quiz to find out how well informed you are about history.

Hollow Crown Poem Summary Question 1.
Name a few wars and battles you have read about.
Answer:
World War I, Indo-Pak War. Battle of Panipet War of Roses.

The Hollow Crown Poem Question 2.
What is the difference between a war and a battle?
Answer:
A war is a long drawn affair. The conflict may continue even for years. Battles are small segments of a big war.

The Hollow Crown Summary Question 3.
Why do rulers wage wars and battles?
Answer:
Rulers are greedy. They want to expand their kingdoms. So, they wage wars and battles.

Summary Of The Poem The Hollow Crown Question 4.
Is the outcome of a war always fair?
Answer:
No, the outcome of war is not always fair.

Summary Of The Hollow Crown Question 5.
Do you think rulers understand the true meaning of life – in defeat or in victory?
Answer:
No, rulers involve a large number of people whose lives or deaths don’t matter for them. So, rulers usually don’t understand the true meaning of life.

Hollow Crown Poem Question 6.
Can you name a few kings and leaders who have fallen from glory to disgrace?
Answer:
Chandragupta Maurya / Rajputs and Nelson Mandela

(b) The Historical Background:

The poem is an extract from William Shakespeare’s play King Richard the Second. The play is based on true events that occurred towards the end of the 14th century. Richard II was crowned the King of England in the year 1367. He continued to be the British Monarch until 1399, when he was deposed by his cousin, Henry of Bolingbroke, who crowned himself King Henry the Fourth in the same year. Shakespeare’s play is a dramatic rendition of the last two years of King Richard IPs life.

In this brief span of time, he was ousted from his royal position and sent to prison, where he died in captivity. The following extract is set in the Coast of Wales. King Richard and some of his followers awaited the arrival of the Welsh army [after facing defeat at the hands of his cousin, Bolingbroke], of about 10000 warriors. But to their shock and surprise, they received the message that the army was not coming to their rescue. His followers tried to boost their King’s courage against the news, only in vain. When Richard came face to face with the reality of his terrible fate, he spoke the following verse, famously known as the “Hollow Crown” speech in theatrical circles. In it, King Richard is reminded of the power of Death that overshadows everything else, including the power of rulers, and renders them as powerless as any commoner at a moment’s notice.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th English The Hollow Crown Textual Questions

First, listen to a reading of the complete poem. Then, read silently and try to answer the questions briefly, based on your understanding. You may refer to the glossary given at the end of the monologue to help you.

Let’s talk of graves, of worms, and epitaphs,
Make dust our paper, and with rainy eyes
Write sorrow on the bosom of the earth.
Let’s choose executors and talk of wills.
And yet not so – for what can we bequeath
Save our deposed bodies to the ground?
Our lands, our lives, and all, are
Bolingbroke’s,

And nothing can we call our own but death;
And that small model of the barren earth
Which serves as paste and cover to our bones.
For God’s sake let us sit upon the ground
And tell sad stories of the death of kings:
How some have been depos’d, some slain in war,
Some haunted by the ghosts they have deposed,
Some poisoned by their wives, some sleeping kill’d,

All murdered – for within the hollow crown
That rounds the mortal temples of a king
Keeps Death his court, and there the antic sits,
Scoffing his state and grinning at his pomp,
Allowing him a breath, a little scene,
To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks;
Infusing him with self and vain conceit,
As if this flesh which walls about our life
Were brass impregnable; and, humour’d thus,
Comes at the last, and with a little pin
Bores through his castle wall, and farewell king!
Cover your heads, and mock not flesh and blood
With solemn reverence; throw away respect,
Tradition, form, and ceremonious duty;
For you have but mistook me all this while.
I live with bread like you, feel want,
Taste grief, need friends – subjected thus,
How can you say to me, I am a king?

Hollow Crown Summary Question 1.
Pick out the phrase that suggests that King Riehard was sorrowful.
Answer:
The phrase “Talk of graves of worms and epitaphs” suggest that King Richard was sorrowful.

The Hollow Crown Poem Ppt Question 2.
Why does the King suggest that it is now time for his will to be executed?
Answer:
The King knows pretty well that he will be executed very soon by Bolingbroke. So, he wants his will to be executed.

Hollow Crown Meaning In Tamil Question 3.
What is the only thing we bequeath to our descendants?
Answer:
We bequeath only immovable property to our descendants.

Hollow Crown By Shakespeare Question 4.
What are the vanquished men left with?
Answer:
The vanquished men are left with sorrow and thoughts about death.

The Hollow Crown Poem Summary In Tamil Question 5.
What does the ‘small model’ refer to here?
Answer:
The perishable human body stands as a ‘small model’ of the barren earth.

The Hollow Crown Poem Summary In English Question 6.
What does a monarch’s crown symbolize?
Answer:
Monarch’s crown symbolizes “empty power” because real power is vested with death

The Hollow Crown Poem Figures Of Speech Question 7.
What mocks the ruler’s power and pomp?
Answer:
Death mocks the ruler’s power and pomp.

A. Fill in the blanks using the words given in the box to complete the summary of the poem:

King Richard the second had surrendered to his (a) _______ cousin, Bolingbroke. He experienced deep distress at the horror of his circumstances. In that desperate situation, he speaks of (b) _______ , (c) _______ , (d) and other things connected with death. He spoke of how people leave nothing behind and can call nothing their own, except for the small patch of (e) _______ where they will be buried. King Richard yielded to dejection and talked of all the different ways in which defeated kings suffer and how some had been deposed, (f) _______ in war, (g) _______ by their wives and so forth. He attributed this loss of lives to (h) _______ , who he personified as the jester who watches over the shoulder of every ruler, who mocks kings by allowing them to think their human flesh, was like (i) _______ brass. However, Death penetrates through the castle walls, silentlyand unnoticed like a sharp (j) _______ thus bidding (k) _______ to him and all his pride forever. Finally, Richard appealed to his soldiers not to mock his mere flesh and blood by showing (l) and respect to him. He added that he too needed bread to live, felt want, tasted (m) _______ and needed (n) _______ . He concluded thus, urging his men not to call him a (o) _______ as he was only human, just like the rest of them.
Answer:
(a) rebellious
(b) graves
(c) epitaphs
(d) worms
(e) barren earth
(f) slain
(g) poisoned
(h) death
(i) impregnable
(j) Pin
(k) farewell
(l) reverence
(m) grief
(n) friends
(o) king

B. The words used by Shakespeare find a place in the present day conversations also. Here are a few examples of how these poetic, standardized English words could be used by common people in their regular speech.

(a) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the box and complete the statements suitably:

[bequeath, antics, monarchise, impregnable, hollow]

1. Shravan never keeps his promises. His friends know that his words are ______
2. The spectators died laughing at the ______ of the clown.
3. The business woman wished to ______ all her riches to an orphanage, after her death.
4. The fortress was ______ and could not be conquered by the enemies.
5.  Alexander the Great, wished to conquer many lands and ______ the entire world.

Answer:

1. hollow
2. antics
3. bequeath
4. impregnable
5. monarchise

(b) Complete the passage given below, with suitable words from the box:

Lima, a (a) _______ and (b) _______ woman, kept (c) _______ at her colleagues and went on taxing them with hard labour. Though they were (d) _______ to her, she being their head, were offended and filled with (e) _______ It so happened, that Lima was (f) _______ from her high position due to a serious blunder she had committed. Lima, having lost all her (g) _______ and glory, realized how arrogant she had been. She gave up her pride and with (h) _______ sought an apology from everyone. She thus turned over a new Leaf and bid (i) _______ to them.
Answers
(a) vain
(b) conceited
(c) scoffing
(d) ceremonious
(e) sorrow
(f) deposed
(g) pomp
(h) reverence
(z) farewell

C. From your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions briefly in a sentence or two:

Question 1.
What do the three words,‘graves, worms and epitaphs’,refer to?
Answer:
Graves, epitaphs and worms refers to death and what happens to man after its visit.

Question 2.
What does the executor mentioned in the poem do?
Answer:
Executor is one who implements the contents of a will.

Question 3.
Who is Bolingbroke? Is he a friend or foe?
Answer:
Bolingbroke is a foe. He was a cousin of King Richard II. But the power craze turned him into a foe.

Question 4.
Are all deposed kings slain by the deposer?
Answer:
No, some, of the deposed kings are jailed and some are slain.

Question 5.
What does the crown of rulers stand for?
Answer:
Crown of kings stands for power and the right to rule a kingdom.

Question 6.
What hides within the crown and laughs at the king’s grandeur?
Answer:
Death hides within the crown and laughs at the king’s grandeur.

Question 7.
What does ‘flesh’mean here?
Answer:
Flesh means the human body here.

Question 8.
What are the various functions and objects given up by a defeated king?
Answer:
A defeated king abdicates his crown. He parts with his sceptre too. He hands over his right to rule the kingdom to the victorious king. He gives up the right to levy taxes on subjects. Fie also gives up his right and listens to the woes of ordinary subjects and solve them.

Question 9.
How does the king establish that he and his subjects are equal in the end?
Answer:
In the end, King Richard II pathetically explains that he is also an ordinary mortal with desires, need for friends and the compulsion to taste grief. Even a king has a cup of misery in his life.

Question 10.
Bring out King Richard’s feelings when he was defeated.
Answer:
King Richard started feeling distress about his impending death. He uses the words graves, epitaphs and worms. He realizes his possessions will be reduced to a patch of land. He recalls how kings get slain in battle field or poisoned to death by their own spouses. The king feels he is also an ordinary mortal deceived by the jester ‘death’. He also needs to taste grief and needs the support of friends during distress.

D. Explain the following lines with reference to the context in about 5 to 8 lines:

Question (i)
“Our lands, our lives, and all, are Bolingbroke’s,
And nothing can we call our own but death;”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem “The Hollow Crown” by William Shakespeare. The poem is an excerpt from the play “Richard II”.
Context: Richard II after being defeated by his rebellious cousin Bolingbroke says these words in dejection.
Explanation: Henry II is routed in the war. Some of his loyal nobles try to cheer him up. But Richard II faces the hard reality. He openly admits his failure. He says their lands, lives and all belong to the victor Bolingbroke. They can call nothing but death as their own.
Comment: Death is inevitable.

Question (ii)
“All murdered – for within the hollow crown ‘
That rounds the mortal temples of a king
Keeps Death his court, …”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem “The Hollow Crown” by William Shakespeare. The poem is an excerpt from the play “Richard II”.
Context: The defeated king thinks about death which is looming large. He remembers how other kings had met with their death. He says these words while sharing his understanding of the power of death who rules men who wear the crowns.
Explanation: A king wears a crown as a symbol of his power over the country he rules. But the empty space within the crown houses death. In the empty space, death conducts his court and gives his verdict when it is time.
Comment: The life of the dead is placed in the memory of the living.

Question (iii)
“Comes at the last, and with a little pin
Bores through his castle wall, and farewell king!”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem “The Hollow Crown” by William Shakespeare. The poem is an excerpt from the play “Richard II”.
Context: King Richard says these words while discussing the power of death over kings. Explanation: A king when he is ruling a country, looks very strong. He seems to be like an impregnable brass castle. But death with a small pin prick can easily shatter the castle. It can bid farewell easily to the king and send him to heaven.
Comment: Death may be greatest of all human blessings.

Question (iv)
“How can you say to me, I am a king? ”
Reference: This lines is from the poem “The Hollow Crown” by William Shakespeare. The poem is an excerpt from the play “Richard II”.
Context: King Richard says these words to his loyal nobels when he talks about the power of death over monarchs.
Explanation: British subjects usually believe that a king is bom with a divine right to rule. People respect his crown as a symbol of great power. After he is deposed from power, Henry II realizes the bitter truth that he is no way different from ordinary subjects. He also has wants, need for friends and the compulsion to taste grief. Nobody can escape death.
Comment: Death – the only thing inevitable in life.

Speaking Activity

E. Working with your partner, discuss the following adages and share your views with the class. You may need to give your ideas and justify your point of view. Remember to take turns while making your presentation/short speech.

Question (a)
War begets war.
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi said, “If you are indictive and take an eye for an eye, the whole world will be blind”. Today most lethal weapons of mass destruction are being piled up in China, USA and North Korea, Russia and Iran. The leaders of these countries claim that balance of power is required in North and South. But weapons of mass destruction will not create conditions of peace. Peace has to be created by dialogues between countries. War always begets war.

Question (b)
Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.
Answer:
Whoever is heading an organization, a team, of players, a country does have heavy responsibility. The leadership may give the person a social recognition but in day to day life, the responsibilities of a leader are really heavy. A captain of the army during Kargil war, found one of his soldiers wounded. The Kargil war was heading to a victory for India. The captain did not allow his junior officers to go and bring the wounded soldier. He went and received the bullets. Yet he pulled the wounded soldier to safety. He brought the wounded soldier to the bunk. While returning also he was shot many times. He dropped down dead. He had saved the wounded soldier and the subordinate officer at the cost of his life. Sometimes, there is a coldwar, people try to usurp power by secret dealings.

Aurangzeb killed many of his brothers to ascend to the throne. While in power, kings are really worried about the conspiracy being cooked by relatives to overthrow him. King’s wife poisons king to death. Kings heading battles get killed too. So, we should never be jealous of people in power. Each post or power carries its own stress and unresolved conflicts, occasionally resulting in depression too. Being the head of an army, or that of a country is not always a matter of pride or glory. The grandeur conceals pain, anxiety and ever fear of impending death.

F. Poetic Devices

(a) Read the poem once again carefully and identify the figure of speech that has been used in each of the following lines from the poem:

1. “Let’s talk of graves, of worms, and epitaphs Make dust our paper, and with rainy eyes Write sorrow on the bosom of the earth”.
2. (“And yet not so – for what can we bequeath Save our deposed bodies to the ground?”
3. “Keeps Death his court, and there the antic sits,..
4. “How can you say to me, I am a king?”
5. “Scoffing his state and grinning at his pomp,…”
6. “Bores through his castle wall, and farewell

Answer:

1. Personification (Earth)
2. Metaphor
3. Personification
4. Interrogation
5. Personification
6. Personification

(b) Pick out the words in alliteration from the following lines:

Question (i)
“Our lands, our lives, and all, are Bolingbroke’s,…”
Answer:
lands, fives

Question (ii)
“And tell sad stories of the death of kings:”
Answer:
sad, stories

Question (iii)
“Comes at the last, and with a little pin…”
Answer:
last, little

G. Based on your reading of King Richard’s speech, answer the following questions in about 100 – 150 words each. You may add your own ideas if required to present and justify your point of view.

Question 1.
What are the causes for King Richard’s grief?
Answer:
King Richard II was a popular king. He had many nobles at the service. His rebellious cousin
Bolingbroke attacks him with 10,000 men on his side. He sends message to the Welsh King for . sending his army to defeat Bolingbroke. But to his shock, Welsh army is not sent. He realizes with alarm the terrible fate he would suffer in the hands of his foe and his most impending death in captivity. King Richard is reminded of the power of death that overshadows everything else. Death scoffs at the power of rulers. Losing the battle, non-receipt of Welsh army and the prospect being jailed and killed worries Richard II.

He realizes that in the hollow crown death had reigned him. Infact, death, a jester had misled him to believe that he was monarchising England. He can now own only a patch of barren land. He is not an impregnable castle of brass anymore. He is an ordinary mortal. He too needs friends and needs to taste grief and face death.

“Life and death are illusions. We are in a constant state of transformation.”

Question 2.
How are the eternal truths and wisdom brought to the reader here?
Answer:
Human’s glorious life gets reduced to graves, epitaphs and worms. Men is left with nothing but his mortal remains to gift to the earth. The earth only serves as a paste and cover to the dead bodies. Great kings too have had inglorious death. Duncan was killed in bed. Hamlet was poisoned to death. Macbeth was slain in the war. The death gives freedom to monarchs from monarchising the country.

The king realizes with a shudder that Death has occupied a prominent position right inside the crown. He scoffs at the pomp and show of the temporal kings. Even the most powerful monarch who feels as strong as a brass castle is brought down by just a pin prick of death. Death is a great leveller who makes kings believe that they are also ordinary mortals with wants, need for friends and the need to taste grief.

“Life is a brief intermission between Birth and Death. Enjoy it.”

Question 3.
Death has been cited to in many ways in this monologue. Identify the poetic devices used in those references.
Answer:
bequeath deposed bodies – Metaphor
small model of barren earth-Metaphor
hollow crown – Metaphor
antics – Personification
Dust our paper – Metaphor
scoffing his state grinning at his pomp – Personification

Question 4.
Who does the future generations remember easily – the victor or the vanquished? Give reasons. Also, cite relevant references from King Richard’s speech.
Answer:
Unusually future generations remember victors. But there are rare instances of just rulers falling due to the conspiracy and greed of an aggressor. On such occasions, future generations remember the vanquished. A Shiva devotee king was very generous. His enemies entered his kingdom under the guise of Shiva devotees in saffron clothes and slew the king and captured his kingdom. Alexander, King Richard was a just ruler. He was loved by his subjects and loyal nobles. He was defeated by his rebellious cousin simply because he wanted to be a king. When Richard was thinking about the welfare of his subjects, Bolingbroke was secretly raising an army to dethrone him.

People who are mad after power resort to unjust means. So, British subjects respected and loved the vanquished but were helpless and defeated Porus who had fought so valiantly and wanted to be treated with respect befitting a king. Alexander himself respected him and returned his kingdom and sealed a life time friendship with him. From King Richard’s speech one understands that he was good at heart but in the strategy of war, he was not good. Like a crooked end of a straight walking stick, a ruler has to have some secret deals with neighbouring countries to be protected during crisis. Bolingbroke turned out to be a more assertive and Shrewd king. But people would remember a just and noble person more even if defeated.

“Nobility of spirit has more to do with Simplicity than Ostentation, Wisdom than Wealth, Commitment rather than Ambition.

The Hollow Crown About the Poet

William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616), an English poet and playwright is widely regarded as the greatest writer in English language and the world’s pre-eminent dramatist. He was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. He wrote about 39 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses. He was often called England’s National Poet and nicknamed the Bard of Avon. The first publishing of Shakespeare’s works is the ‘The First Folio’. Playwright Ben Johnson wrote a preface to this book including the quote ‘(Shakespeare) is not of an age, but for all time.’ His plays have been translated into every major living language and are constantly studied and performed throughout the world.

The Hollow Crown Summary

King Richard II surrenders to his rebellious cousin Bolingbroke. The King talks to the few loyal friends on the nature of temporal power and how death over takes everything and everybody. Under critical circumstances, King Richard II talk about graves, epitaphs and worms. Shakespeare portrays the fleeting nature of human glory. He explains how even monarchs leave nothing behind to call as their own except a small patch of land into which they will get buried. The dejected King talks on various ways Kings get killed. Some are slain in the battle field.

Some are poisoned to death by their own spouses. The Kings who believed their bodies to be forts or impregnable brass are shattered by just a pinprick. The whole castle wall, the human body, is gone. Death like a jester waits for the King. In fact, he only allows the King to act as if he is ruling and in control of everything. In fact, death is in supreme command. He chides his loyal friends who still believe that he is a monarch. He tells them that he is an ordinary mortal just like them with basic wants and the need to taste grief. He is humbled and realizes he can no more be called a King as he is powerless before the impending death.

The Hollow Crown Glossary

Textual:
antic – someone who attention through silly or funny acts (here a court jester)
bequeath – pass on something to the next generation by means Of a will
ceremonious – being very formal
deposed – removed from office or power
epitaph – short pieces of writing inscribed on tombstones in memory of the dead
executors – persons who put someone’s terms of will into effect
grinning – smiling wildly
impregnable – impossible to pass through
monarchize – rule , carry out the duties functions of a ruler
scoffing – expressing mockery
slain – kill

Additional:
critical – serious
humble – modest
jester – clown
monarch – king
portrays – describes
spouse – wife
temporal – temporary

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of 11th English to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Poem Chapter 6 The Hollow Crown Questions and Answers in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Solutions Term 2 Chapter 6 Human Organ Systems

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Human Organ Systems Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the appropriate answer:

Human Organ System Class 6 Question 1.
Circulatory system transports these throughout the body
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nutrient
(c) Hormones
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 6th Science Term 2 Question 2.
Main organ of respiration in human body is
(a) Stomach
(b) Spleen
(c) Heart
(d) Lungs
Answer:
(d) Lungs

6th Standard Question 3.
Breakdown of food into smaller molecules in our body is known as
(a) Muscle contraction
(b) Respiration
(c) Digestion
(d) Excretion
Answer:
(c) Digestion

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. A group of organs together make up an _______ system.
2. The part of the skeleton that protects the brain is _______
3. The process by which the body removes waste is _______
4. The _______ is the largest sense organ in our body.
5. The endocrine glands produce chemical substances called _______

Answers:

1. organ
2. skull
3. Excretion
4. skin
5. hormones

III. True or False. If False, give the correct statement:

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Book Question 1.
Blood is produced in the bone marrow.
Answer:
False, Red Blood Corpuscles are produced in the bone marrow.

6th Standard Science Question 2.
All the waste products of the body are excreted through the circulatory system.
Answer:
False, All the waste products of the body are excreted through the excretory system.

Chapter 6 The Human Body Answers Question 3.
The other name of food pipe is alimentary canal.
Answer:
False. The other name of food pipe is called oesophagus.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Term 2 Question 4.
Thin tube like structures which are the component of circulatory system are called blood vessels.
Answer:
False, The tube like structure which are the component of circulatory system are called blood capillaries.

Samacheer Class 6 Science Solutions Question 5.
The brain, the spinal cord and nerves form the nervous system.
Answer:
True

IV. Match the following:

Answer:

V. Arrange in Correct sequence:

Question 1.
Stomach → Large intestine → Oesophagus → Pharynx → Mouth → Small Intestine → Rectum → Anus.
Answer:
Mouth → Pharynx → Oesophagus → Stomach → Small Intestine → Large intestine → Rectum → Anus.

Question 2.
Urethra → Ureter → Urinary Bladder → Kidney.
Answer:
Kidney → Ureter → Urinary Bladder → Urethra.

VI. Analogy:

Question 1.
Arteries : Carry blood from the heart:: _______ :carry blood to the heart.
Answer:
Veins.

Question 2.
Lungs: Respiratory system:: _______ : Circulatory system.
Answer:
Heart

Question 3.
Enzymes: Digestive glands:: _______ : Endocrine glands.
Answer:
Hormones

VII. Give very short answer:

Question 1.
Write about skeletal system.
Answer:

1. The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages and joints.
2. Bones provide a framework for the body.
3. Bones along with muscles help in movements such as walking, running, chewing and dancing etc.

Question 2.
Write the functions of epiglottis.
Answer:
The function of Epiglottis is to prevent the entry of food into the wind pipe.

Question 3.
What are the three types of blood vessels?
Answer:

1. Arteries
2. Veins
3. Capillaries

Question 4.
Define the term “Trachea”.
Answer:
Trachea is commonly called as windpipe. It is a tube supported by cartilaginous rings that connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air. The trachea divides into right and left bronchi and enter into the lungs.

Question 5.
Write any two functions of digestive system?
Answer:

1. Digestive system is involved in the conversion of complex food substances into simple forms.
2. Absorption of digested food.

Question 6.
Name the important parts of the eye.
Answer:
The important parts of eye are cornea, iris, lens and pupil.

Question 7.
Name the five important sense organs?
Answer:

1. Eyes
2. Ears
3. Nose
4. Tongue
5. Skin

VIII. Give short answer:

Question 1.
Write a short note on rib cage.
Answer:
Rib cage
The rib cage is made up of 12 pairs of curved, flat rib bones. It protects the delicate vital organs such as heart and lungs.

Question 2.
List out the functions of the human skeleton.
Answer:

1. The skeletal system gives shape to the body.
2. Bones provide a framework for the body.
3. Bones along with muscles help in movements such as walking, running, chewing and dancing etc.
4. It protects, the soft internal organs.

Question 3.
Differentiate between the voluntary muscles and involuntary muscles.
Answer:
Voluntary muscles:

1. They are attached to the bones.
2. They can be controlled by our will. Example: Muscles of arm.

Involuntary muscles:

1. They are found in the walls of digestive tract, urinary bladder, arteries and other internal organs.
2. They cannot be controlled by our will.

IX. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
List out the functions of Endocrine system and Nervous system.
Answer:

1. Endocrine system regulates various functions of the body and maintain the internal environment.
2. Endocrine glands produce chemical substances called “Hormones’ which control various activities of the body.
   Eg. Growth hormone controls growth, Adrenalin hormone acts at the time of fear stress etc.

Functions of nervous system:

1. Sensory input: The conduction of signals from sensory receptors.
2. Integration : The interpretation of the sensory signals and the formulation of responses.
3. Motor output: The conduction of signals from the brain and spinal card to effectors such as muscle and gland cells.

Question 2.
Label the diagram given below to show the four main parts of the urinary system and answer the following questions.

A. Which organ removes extra salts and ws
B. Where is the urine stored?
C. What is the tube through which urine is body?
D. What are the tubes that transfer urine fi the urinary bladder called?
Answers:

A. Kidney removes extra salts and water from the blood.
B. Urine is stored in urinary bladder.
C. Urine is excreted out of the body through urethra.
D. Ureter transfers urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

X. Questions based on Higher Order Thinking Skills.

Question 1.
What will happen if the diaphragm shows no movement?
Answer:

1. The diaphragm is the primary organ of breathing.
2. The movement of the diaphragm expands the lungs and creates a vacuum.
3. Due to this the air is sucked in.
4. If the diaphragm does not move the lungs do not expand or contract and breathing stops.
5. The person will die.

Question 2.
Why is the heart divided into two halves by a thick muscular wall?
Answer:
The oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are separately circulated. So the heart is divided into two halves by a thick muscular wall.

Question 3.
Why do we sweat more in summer?
Answer:

1. Sweating plays an important health role as it helps to maintain constant body temperature by cooling us down.
2. When it is hot and we sweat that moisture evaporates and cools us immediately.
3. This is why we sweat more when the summer is very hot.

Question 4.
Why do we hiccup and cough sometimes when we swallow food?
Answer:
Normally, the entry of food into the windpipe is prevented by a flap like structure called Epiglottis. But when we eat in a hurry, the flab gets lesser time to close the windpipe. Thus some of the food particles enter into the windpipe. It creates a hindrance in the movement of air in the windpipe and results in coughing or hiccup.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Human Organ Systems Intext Activities

Activity 1

Question 1.
Sit absolutely still. Observe the movements taking place in your body. You must K be blinking your eyes time to time. Observe the movements in your body as you I breathe. Write down the movements in your note book.

We are able to move a few parts of our body easily in various directions and some, ft only in one direction. Why we are not able to move some parts at all directions?
Answer:
We are able to bend or rotate our body in places where two parts of our body seem to be joined together – like elbow, shoulder or neck. These places are called joints. If ft our body has no joints, it would not be possible for us to move in any way at all.

Bones cannot be bent. But we can bend our elbow. It is not one long bone from ft the upper arm to our wrist. It is different bones joined together at the elbow. Similarly, there are many bones present in each part of the body.

We can bend or move our body only at those points where bones meet. There are different types of joints in our body to help us carry out different movements and activities. Let us see the function / movements of some of the joints in our body.

Fixed joints which do not allow movement are called fixed joint.

Gliding joints allow only a limited amount of movement of sliding nature of cartilage. For example, the joints of back bone.

Hinge joint allows movement only in one plane. For example, fingers, knees. Elbow joint is composed of hinge joint. These joints allow movement in one plane and up to 180° only. Hence, we cannot move our elbows backwards.

Piyotal joint allows movement in all planes, i.e. up and down, side and other planes. For example, head.

Ball and socket joint allows movement in all directions. The rounded end of one bone fits into the cavity (hollow space) of other bone. Such a joint only allows movements in all directions. For example, joint between upper arm.

Activity 2

To show that we can bend or move our body only at those points where the bones meet.

Materials required; A wooden scale and string.
Method Ask your friend to tie a wooden scale and your arm together. So that the elbow is at the centre. Even if you try hard, you cannot bend your elbow.
Conclusion: A single bone cannot bend. The different bones joined together at the elbow, help the elbow to bend.

Activity 3

Question 1.
Move your lower arm up and down gently. Feel the contraction and relaxation of your biceps and triceps muscles. The muscles present in the upper arm help in the contraction of front biceps muscles (become short and thick), and also relaxation of rear triceps muscles (become long and thin). You can feel the muscles on top that go stiff. When the arm is moved downwards, the front muscles relax and the rear muscles contract.
Answer:
Activities to be done by the students themselves

Activity 5

Air? To prove that exhaled air is rich in carbon- dioxide
Materials required Two glass jars with lime water and a straw

Procedure: Leave the first jar with lime water undisturbed, blow air in to the second jar with the help of a straw

Observation: Lime water turns milky in few seconds in the second jar. The CO? gas alone can change the lime water into milky white.

Conclusion: Carbon-di-oxidc is present in the air that we exhale.

Activity 6

Question 1.
Place the middle and index fingers of your right hand on the inner side of your left wrist. Can you feel a throbbing movement. Why do you feel the throbbing? This throbbing is called the pulse and it is due to the blood flowing in the arteries. Count the number of pulse in one minute.

How many pulse beats could you count in one minute? The number of beats per minute is called the Pulse rate. A resting person usually has a pulse rate between 72 to 80 beats per minute.

Find other places in your body where you can feel the pulse. Record your own pulse beats and your classmates as beats per minute; Compare the values.
Answer:
Activities to be done by the students themselves

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Human Organ Systems Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
A group of organs that work together to perform a particular function is known as _______
(a) Skeletal system
(b) Muscular system
(c) Nervous system
(d) Organ system
Answer:
(d) Organ system

Question 2.
………. is the largest and strongest bone in the human face.
(a) Hyoid bone
(b) Stapes
(c) Cranial bones
(d) Lower jaw bone
Answer:
(d) Lower jaw bone

Question 3.
_______ bone is the largest and strongest bone in the human face.
(a) Nasal
(b) Temporal
(c) Lower jaw
(d) Parietal
Answer:
(c) Lower jaw

Question 4.
The heart is surrounded by a double-layered membrane called
(a) Pleura
(b) Alveolar membrane
(c) Pericardium
(d) Iris
Answer:
(c) Pericardium

Question 5.
_______ is a major organ for digestion of food materials.
(a) Heart
(b) Oesophagus
(c) Stomach
(d) Kidney
Answer:
(c) Stomach

Question 6.
The _______ is a complex organ which is placed inside the cranium.
(a) Kidney
(b) Heart
(c) Lungs
(d) Brain
Answer:
(d) Brain

Question 7.
Skin helps us to synthesize using sun light.
(a) vitamin A
(b) vitamin B
(c) vitamin C
(d) vitamin D
Answer:
(d) vitamin D

Question 8.
_______ gland is located in the neck region.
(a) Pituitary
(b) Thyroid
(c) Adrenal
(d) Thymus
Answer:
(b) Thyroid

Question 9.
Pituitary gland is located at _______ in our body.
(a) Neck region
(b) base of brain
(c) Abdomen region
(d) above the kidney
Answer:
(b) base of brain

Question 10.
The functional units of the kidney are called _______
(a) Nephrons
(b) Neuron
(c) bladder
(d) urethra
Answer:
(a) Nephrons

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. The adult human skeletal system consists of _______ bones
2. _______ help in connecting bone to bone.
3. Vertebral column is formed by a number of serially arranged small bones called _______
4. The rib cage is made up of _______ of curved flat rib bones.
5. The digestive gland associated with alimentary canal is _______
6. _______ are located within the chest cavity.
7. The lungs are covered by a double layered _______
8. The heart is _______ chambered.
9. The heart is surrounded by a double layered membrane called _______
10. _______ are produced in the bone marrow.
11. Nervous system is we,11 developed in human and is composed of _______ or _______
12. _______ is the controlling centre of the body.
13. The outer ear in human beings is made up of an external flap called _______
14. _______ gland is located above the kidney.
15. Our body contains _______ % of water.
16. Our stomach consists of _______ acid.

Answers:

1. 206
2. Ligaments
3. vertebrae
4. 12 pairs
5. salivary gland
6. Lungs
7. pleura
8. four
9. pericardium
10. Red Blood Carpuscles
11. neurons or nerve cells
12. Brain
13. pinna
14. Adrenal
15. 70
16. Hydro choloric

III. Find whether the following sentences are true or false. If false Correct the statement.

Question 1.
The nervous system consists of bones, cartilages and joints.
Answer:
False. The Skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages and joints.

Question 2.
Lower jaw bone is the smallest and strongest bone in the human face.
Answer:
False. Lower jaw bone is the largest and strongest bone in the human face.

Question 3.
The smallest bone in our body is stapes.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
Intake of oxygen from the air and releasing of carbon-di-oxide from the lungs occur through nostrils is called internal respiration.
Answer:
False. Intake of oxygen from the air and releasing of carbon-di-oxide from the lungs occur through nostrils is called external respiration.

Question 5.
The walls of the heart is made up of cardiac muscle.
Answer:
True.

Questions 6.
Blood is a fluid connective tissue.
Answer:
True.

Question 7.
Kidney is located in the thoracic cavity between the two lungs.
Answer:
False. Heart is located in the thoracic cavity between the two lungs.

Question 8.
A resting person usually has a pulse rate between 72 to 80 beats per minute.
Answer:
True.

Question 9.
Pulmonary artery carries blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
Answer:
False. Pulmonary Vein carries blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Question 10.
Heart forms an effective barrier against infection by microbes and pathogens.
Answer:
False. Skin forms an effective barrier against infection by microbes and pathogens.

Question 11.
The nitrogenous wastes are removed from the body by the endocrine system.
Answer:
False. The nitrogenous wastes are removed from the body by the excretory system.

IV. Analogy:

Question 1.
Skull protects : Brain.
Rib cage protects : _______
Answer:
heart and liver.

Questions 2.
The smallest bone of our body : Stapes.
The longest bone of our body : _______
Answer:
Femur.

Question 3.
A newborn baby has bones : More than 300.
An adult has bones : _______
Answer:
206.

Questions 4.
Skeletal muscle : Muscle of arm.
Cardiac muscle: _______
Answer:
Walls of heart.

Question 5.
Heart: Pericardium membrane.
Lungs : _______
Answer:
Pleura membrane.

Question 6.
Carries blood from right ventricle to lungs : Pulmonary artery.
Carries blood from the lungs to left atrium : _______
Answer:
Pulmonary vein.

Question 7.
Carry oxygenated blood : Arteries.
Carry deoxygenated blood : _______
Answer:
Vein.

Question 8.
Neurons : Nervous system.
Nephrons: _______
Answer:
Excretory system.

V. Match the following :

A

Answer:

1. – f
2. – d
3. – e
4. – a
5. – c
6. – b

B

Answer:

1. – c
2. – e
3. – a
4. – b
5. – d

C

Answer:

1. – c
2. – d
3. – e
4. – b
5. – a

VI. Give short answer

Question 1.
List the major organ system of our body.
Answer:
Human body has eight major organ system. They are:

• Skeletal system
• Digestive system
• Circulatory system
• Endocrine system
• Muscular system
• Respiratory system
• Nervous system
• Excretory system.

Question 2.
Axial skeleton – Explain.
Answer:
Axial skeleton forms the upright axis of the body which includes, skull, vertebral column and Rib cage.

Questions 3.
What are the bones found in the skull?
Answer:
Hyoid bone and the auditory ossicles like Malleus, Incus and Stapes are found in the skull.

Questions 4.
What are the three types of muscles?
Answer:
They are skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscles.

Question 5.
How do muscle work?
Answer:
Muscles pf the body can only pull and they cannot push. Two muscles are required to move a bone at a joint. When one muscle contracts the other muscle relaxes. Thus muscles do work.

Questions 6.
List the parts of digestive system.
Answer:
Parts of digestive systems are Mouth, Buccal cavity, Phanynx, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine, Anus.

Question 7.
List the glands associated for digestion.
Answer:
Salivary glands, Gastric glands, Liver, Pancreas and Intestinal glands are associated glands for digestion.

Questions 8.
List the parts of respiratory system.
Answer:
Respiratory system consists of nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs.

Question 9.
What is internal respiration?
Answer:
Taking in oxygen and giving out CO₂ The circulatory system transports O₂ and CO₂, to and from all parts of body. Hemoglobin in the red blood cells transport O₂ and CO₂ This is called internal respiration.

Question 10.
Define – blood.
Answer:
Blood is a fluid connective tissue of red colour containing plasma and blood cells. There are three types of blood cells namely, Red blood corpuscles (RBCs), White Blood corpuscles (WBCs) and Blood Platelets. RBCs are produced in the bone marrow.

Question 11.
What is pulse rate?
Answer:
The number of beats per minute is called pulse rate.

Question 12.
Name the three regions of brain.
Answer:
The three regions of brain are fore brain, mid brain and hind brain.

Question 13.
List the endocrine glands found in our body.
Answer:
Pituitary gland, Pineal gland, Thyroid gland, Thymus gland, Pancreas, Adrenal gland, Gonads are found in our endocrine system.

VIII. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
(a) How do muscles work.
(b) How circulatory system is important for human life?
Answer:
(a) Muscles work.

1. Muscles of the body can only pull and they can not push.
2. Two muscles are required to move a bone at a joint.
3. When one muscle contracts, the other muscle relaxes.
4. For example to move the lower arm up and down biceps and triceps muscles are required.
5. When we raise our lower hand the biceps in front become short by contraction and the triceps at the back stretch to pull up the arm.
6. When we lower our arm the triceps at the back contract and biceps stretch to pull the arm down.

(b) Circulatory system – importance :

1. It is one of the important system consisting of heart, blood vessels and blood.
2. It transports respiratory gases, nutrients, hormones and waste materials within the body.
3. If protects the body from harmful pathogens.
4. Regulates the body temperature.
5. The heart pumps blood continuously throughout our lifetime.

Question 2.
Describe construction of eye with neat diagram.
Answer:
Eyes help us to see things around us i.e., their colour, shape, size whether they are near or far, moving or at rest. The eyelids and eyelashes keep the eyes safe. The eye has three main parts namely cornea, iris and pupil.

Question 3.
Tabulate the names of glands of endocrine system and their locations.
Answer:
Glands:

1. Pituitary gland
2. Pineal Gland
3. Thyroid Gland
4. Thymus Gland
5. Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)
6. Adrenal Gland
7. Gonads

Location:

1. At the base of brain
2. At the base of brain
3. Neck
4. Chest
5. Abdomen
6. Above the kidney
7. Pelvic cavity

Question 4.
Draw and lable the parts of kidney.
Answer:

Question 5.
List the parts of excretory system and write their functions.
Answer:

1. Renal artery : Brings blood containing oxygen and urea from the aorta to the kidneys.
2. Renal vein : Brings filtered blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cave.
3. kidneys : Regulate the chemical composition Of fluids in the body.
4. Ureter : Carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
5. Urinary bladder : An expandable, muscular sac that retains urine until it is discharged from the body.
6. Urethra : The tube through which urine is discharged from the body, it is surrounded by muscles that allow us to control urination.

Question 6.
Give any five endocrine glands and their location.
Answer:

Students can find the most related topics which helps them to analyse the concepts if they practice according to the chapter-wise page. It is necessary for the students to practice more Questions and Answers for Tamilnadu State Board Solutions of 11th Commerce are given in the pdf format in chapter 4 Sole Proprietorship Questions and Answers so that students can prepare in both online and offline modes. So, Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, to score good marks.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Solutions Chapter 4 Sole Proprietorship

Get the Questions and Answers, in Tamilnadu State Board 11th Commerce Solutions for Chapter 4 Sole Proprietorship. Learn the concepts of 11th Commerce Chapter-Wise by referring to the Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for Chapter 4 Sole Proprietorship Questions and Answers. Hence we suggest the students to Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf to enhance your knowledge.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Sole Proprietorship Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

11th Commerce 4th Lesson Questions And Answers Question 1.
Which is the oldest form of Business organisation?
(a) Sole Proprietorship
(b) Partnership
(c) Co – operative Society
(d) Company
Answer:
(a) Sole Proprietorship

Sole Proprietorship Questions And Answers Question 2.
In which form the owner, establisher and manager is only one?
(a) Joint Enterprise
(b) Government Company
(c) Co – operative Society
(d) Sole Proprietor
Answer:
(d) Sole Proprietor

Samacheer Kalvi Commerce 11th Question 3.
A major disadvantage of sole proprietorship is
(a) Limited liability
(b) Unlimited liability
(c) Easy Formation
(d) Quick decision
Answer:
(b) Unlimited liability

11th Commerce Solutions Samacheer Kalvi Question 4.
From the following which one is Non – corporate form of business?
(a) Joint stock company
(b) Sole trading business
(c) Government company
(d) Co – operatives
Answer:
(b) Sole trading business

II. Very Short Answer Questions

11th Commerce Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
Who is called Sole Trader?
Answer:
Proprietorship is a form of business organisation in which an individual introduces his own capital, uses his own skill and intelligence in the management of its affairs and is solely responsible for the results of its operations.

Sole Proprietorship Questions And Answers Pdf Question 2.
What are the non – corporate enterprises?
Answer:

1. Sole trading concern
2. partnership firm
3. Joint Hindu family business.

11th Commerce Chapter 4 Book Back Answers Question 3.
What are the corporate enterprises?
Answer:

1. Government – Public Undertakings, Public Utilities.
2. Private – Joint stock companies
3. Co – operative society

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Question 4.
For which of the following types of business do you think a sole proprietorship form of organisation would be more suitable, and why?

1. Grocery store
2. Medical store
3. Craft centre
4. Legal consultancy
5. Internet cafe

Answer:
Grocery store is more suitable for sole proprietorship business because of limited risk and less educated or uneducated can start the business.

III. Short Answer Questions

Commerce Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
How is it possible to maintain secrecy in sole proprietorship?
Answer:
In sole proprietorship as the trader is the sole owner of the business, the secrecy can be maintained easily.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 11th Commerce Question 2.
What is unlimited liability?
Answer:
The liability of the proprietor for the debts of the business is unlimited. The creditors have the right to recover their dues even from the personal property of the proprietor in case the business assets are not sufficient to pay their debts.

11th Samacheer Kalvi Commerce Question 3.
Write any three characteristics of sole proprietorship.
Answer:
1. Ownership by one man:
This is owned by single person. The sole trader contributes the required capital. He is not only the owner of the business but also manages the entire affairs.

2. Freedom of work and Quick Decisions: Since.an individual is himself as a owner, he need not consult anybody else. Hence he can take quick decisions.

3. Unlimited Liability: When his business assets are not sufficient to pay off the business debts he has to pay from his personal property.

Samacheer Kalvi Class 11 Commerce Solutions Question 4.
Give some examples of sole trading business.
Answer:
Saravana Stores, Hotel Saravana Bhavan, Grocery store, Petty shop.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Solutions Question 5.
Define Sole trading business.
Answer:
“Sole proprietorship is that form of business organisation which is owned and controlled by a single individual. He receives all the profits and risks of his property in the success or failure of the enterprise” – Wheeler.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Accountancy Chapter 4 Question 1.
Explain the characteristics of sole trading business.
Answer:
1. Ownership by one man:
This is owned by single person. The sole trader contributes the required capital. He is not only the owner of the business but also manages the entire affairs.

2. Freedom of work and Quick Decisions:
Since an individual is himself as a owner, he need not consult anybody else. Hence he can take quick decisions.

3. Unlimited Liability:
When his business assets are not sufficient to pay off the business debts he has to pay from his personal property.

4. Enjoying Entire Profit:
He strives tirelessly for the improvement and expansion of his business and enjoys all the benefits of his hard work.

5. Absence of Government Regulation:
A sole proprietor concern is free from Government regulations. No legal formalities are to be observed in its formation, management or in its closure.

6. No Separate Entity:
The sole trading concern comes to an end with death, disability, insanity and insolvency of the individual.

7. Maintenance of Secrecy:
Since he/she manages all the affairs of the business, the secrecy can be maintained easily.

Samacheer Kalvi Commerce Question 2.
What are the advantages of sole trading business?
Answer:
1. Easy Formation:
No legal formalities are required to initiate a sole trading concern. Any person capable of entering into a contract can start it, provided he has the necessary resources for it.

2. Incentive to Work hard:
There is a direct relationship between effort and reward. The fact that the entire profit can be taken by himself without sharing with anybody else induces him to work ceaselessly.

3. Small Capital:
Small capital is an important as well as specific advantage of sole proprietorship. Sole proprietor can start business with small capital.

4. Credit Standing:
Since his private properties are held liable for satisfying business debts, he can get more financial assistance from others.

5. Personal Contact with the Customers:
Since sole proprietor knows each and every customer individually he can supply goods according to their taste and preferences. Thus he can cultivate personal relationship with the customers.

6. Flexibility:
The sole trader can easily adjust himself to the changing requirements of his business.

Samacheer Kalvi 11 Commerce Question 3.
What are the disadvantages of sole trading business?
Answer:
1. Limited Capital:
Since the capital is contributed by one individual only, business operations have necessarily to be on a limited scale.

2. Limited Managerial Skill:
Single person’s intelligence and experience may not help him beyond a certain stage. Since he has to focus on each and every activity, his managerial ability is bound to be limited.

3. Unlimited Liability:
The creditors have the right to recover their dues even from the personal property of the proprietor in case the business assets are not sufficient to pay their debts.

4. Lack of Specialisation:
Since the business unit is small and the financial resources are limited, experts in different fields cannot be employed to secure maximum advantages.

5. Hasty Decisions:
Sole proprietor is more likely to take hasty decision as he need not consult anybody else.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Sole Proprietorship Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
…………….. is that form of business organisation which is owned and controlled by a single individual.
(a) Sole trading concern
(b) Partnership firm
(c) Joint Hindu family business
(d) Joint stock companies
Answer:
(a) Sole trading concern

Question 2.
…………….. is known as individual entrepreneurship.
(a) Partnership
(b) Sole trader
(c) Joint stock company
(d) Co – operative
Answer:
(b) Sole trader

Question 3.
When his business assets are not sufficient to pay off the business debts, he has to pay from his personal property.
(a) Unlimited Liability
(b) Flexibility
(c) Small capital
(d) Limited Liability
Answer:
(a) Unlimited Liability

Question 4.
“He receives all the profits and risks all of his property in the success or failure of the enterprise”- was said by
(a) Wheeler
(b) J.L. Hansen
(c) H.Haney
(d) O.R. Krishnasamy
Answer:
(a) Wheeler

Question 5.
Which of the following is under non – corporate enterprise?
(a) Government
(b) Co – operative
(c) Company
(d) Sole trading concern
Answer:
(d) Sole trading concern

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
How was the decisions taken in sole proprietorship?
Answer:
Since an individual is himself as a owner, he need not consult anybody else. Hence he can take quick decisions.

Question 2.
What should be the Government role in sole proprietorship?
Answer:
A sole proprietor concern is free from Government regulations. No legal formalities are to be observed in its formation, management or in its closure.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What is limited capital?
Answer:
Since the capital is contributed by one individual only, business operations have necessarily to be on a limited scale.

Question 2.
What is limited managerial skill?
Answer:
Single person’s intelligence and experience may not help him beyond a certain stage. Since he has to focus on each and every activity, his managerial ability is bound to be limited.

For future Learning

Question a.
Mahesh is a young graduate who has inherited a sum of Rs 1,00,000 by way of family savings. He also has a family house to which he has sole title as the only son of his father. He is thinking of starting a small factory for the manufacture of plastic toys. What form of ownership organisation will you advise him to choose?
Answer:
Sole Trader.

Question b.
Amar started a business on his own. He has his father helping him with the accounts and his brother helps him with looking after customers in the evening. Amar pays a monthly salary to his father and brother. Identify the form of business organisation.
Answer:
Sole Trader.

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