Laxmi

Students can Download Maths Chapter 5 Information Processing Intext Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Information Processing Intext Questions

Exercise 5.1
Activity 1 (Text book Page No. 104)

Question 1.
Consider that you are going to a store with your total budget of ₹ 220 to buy things without changing the quantity of the items given in the list below with the following conditions.

Conditions :
(i) First you have to complete the price list given.
(ii) You have to buy three items as per the given price list but within your budget ₹ 220.
(iii) You won’t carry exceeding 5kg because you have to walk home carrying them, so they cannot be bulky.

Now, answer the following questions:
1. In how many ways can you buy your items? Complete the price lists given below. One is done for you.
2. Which one is the best purchase price list and why?

Answer:

Try this (Text book Page No. 106)

The teacher divides the class into four groups and setup a mock market in the class room and ask the students to involve in role play as two groups of businessmen and two groups of consumers. Consumers have to buy products at different shops and prepare a price list.

The two supermarkets in which the two groups buy are Star Food Mart and Super Provisions. Th is week they each have got a special deal on some products. At Star Food Mart, you can buy items at discount prices. At Super Provisions, there are some “BUY ONE GET ONE” deals. Flave a look at their deal:

Now, answer the following questions.

I. Here is your shopping list:
4 bottles of Protein Milk (200 ml size), 2 packets of Peanut candies(200 gm), 1 packet of Chocolate biscuits and 1 packet of Badam nuts (500 gm)
(i) If you buy all the items in one shop, where will you get the best price?
(ii) If you buy the items from different shops, how will you do it to spend the least amount of money?

II. You have ₹ 1000/- to spend to buy the following shopping list:
6 bottles of Protein Milk (200 ml size), 3 packets of Peanut candies (200 gm), 3 packets of Chocolate biscuits and 1 packet of Badam nuts (250 gm).

(i) How can you do this so that you don’t go over your budget amount ₹ 1000?
(ii) Which shop offers you the best value for money on each item?
(iii) Is the “BUY ONE GET ONE” deal at Super Provisions the same as “50% off’ deal?
Solution:
Prices of Star Food Mart.


(i) In star Food Mart
(ii) Badam nuts from super provisions and other items from Star Food Mart.

II. Comparing two stores.

(i) We can buy them from any one shop.
(ii) Star Food Mart.
(iii) Yes

Exercise 5.2
Try this (Text book Page No. 117)

Question 1.
If Kumaran cut the woods using first fit method then find the wastage pieces.
Solution:

Waste pieces = 2 feet + 4 feet + 2 feet = 8 feet

Activity 1 (Text book Page No. 117)

Question 1.
Seva Sangam has decided to deliver some aids to flood victims via lorries with a maximum capacity of 5000kg. All of these items that are given below are to be packed and sent in the lorry.

Solution:

Students can Download English Lesson 2 Life of Pi Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 2 Life of Pi

Warm Up

Imagine you are going on a trek or an adventure. It requires grit and a strong will to survive the odds and emerge unscathed. Most importantly, you should carry an emergency kit.

Choose the ten most essential items from the box below and complete the table.

Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Life of Pi Textual Questions

1. Answer the following questions in a sentence or two each, based on your understanding of the story.

Question (a)
Describe the pathetic condition of Pi in the middle of the ocean.
Answer:
Pi was alone and orphaned. He was drifting in the middle of pacific ocean hanging on to the oar. An adult tiger was in front of him. Sharks were beneath his boat. A storm was raging about him.

Question (b)
Who was Richard Parker?
Answer:
Richard Parker was a Bengal tiger. It stayed in the same boat. Each was cautious of the other.

Question (c)
Richard Parker’s survival seemed incredible to Pi. Why?
Answer:
The elements of nature which threatened his survival the previous night had calmed down. The life boat did not sink. The shark prowled but did not attack. The waves did not pull him off. Thus Richard Parker’s survival seemed incredible.

Question (d)
Why was the great beast not behaving naturally?
Answer:
It was unnatural of 450 pound heavy tiger to lie quietly for two and half days unnoticed by Pi in the lower deck of the boat. It was suffering from sea sickness and sedation. Pi’s father had sedated it early to lessen the stress of sea voyage on the animal. That is why it behaved unnaturally.

Question (e)
Why was Pi not afraid of the hyena?
Answer:
The presence of Richard Parker had intimidated the hyena to such an extent that he hid himself behind the Zebra. So, Pi wasn’t afraid of the hyena.

Question (f)
Describe Pi’s struggle to find drinking water.
Answer:
Pi was just two feet above Richard Parker. He moved the yellow tarpaulin. Thirst egged him on to unroll the tight tarpaulin. He saw the bow and it had an end bench. Upon it, a harp glittered like a diamond. He found a lid shaped like a rounded-out triangle. He found a pile of orange life jackets. He undid the harp and opened the lid. It opened on to a locker. The open locker shined with new things. He found water cans piled up.

Question (g)
What was Pi’s reaction when he discovered drinking water?
Answer:
Hitting the lid against the tarpaulin hook, Pi opened the water can and started drinking. To the gurgling beat of his greedy throat, pure delicious, beautiful, crystalline water flowed into his system. It was liquid life. He drained that golden cup to the very last drop sucking at the hole to catch any remaining moisture.

Question (h)
Why did Pi want to tame Parker?
Answer:
A part of Pi was glad about Richard Parker. A part of Pi did not want Richard Parker to die because if he died, Pi would be left alone to deal with despair, a foe is much more formidable than a tiger. So, he wanted to tame Richard Parker.

Question (i)
What saved Pi’s life?
Answer:
Parker kept Pi from thinking too much about his family and his tragic circumstances. He pushed him on to go on living. It was Richard Parker who pushed him to go on living.

Question (j)
How did Pi reunite with this family?
Answer:
Richard Parker and Pi reached an island. Parker left him without even looking back at him. A ship did find Pi and he got reunited with his family.

Additional Questions

Question (a)
How many days did Pi drift on a lifeboat in the pacific ocean?
Answer:
Pi drifted on a boat in the Pacific ocean for 227 days.

Question (b)
What happened to the ship Pi sailed with his family?
Answer:
The ship disappeared with much burbling and belching lights flickered and went out.

Question (c)
What did Pi look for after the ship sank?
Answer:
Pi looked about for his family, for survivors, for another boat and for anything that might bring him hope.

Question (d)
Why did Pi find himself very weak?
Answer:
For about three days Pi had not had a drop of water to drink. He did not have a minute of sleep in three days. So, he found himself very weak.

Question (e)
What appeared to be a conundrum for Pi?
Answer:
Pi had failed to notice the presence of a 450 pound Bengal Tiger in his lifeboat for about two and a half days. The boat was just twenty six feet long. So, his failure to notice the big beast in a small boat appeared to be a conundrum.

Question (f)
Why did Richard Parker seem to be the largest stowaway in the history of navigation?
Answer:
Richard Parker was 450 pound heavy. He was covering from the tip of his nose to the tip of his tail over a third of the length of the ship he was on. So, the feat surely made Richard Parker the largest stowaway proportionately speaking in the history of navigation.

2. Answer the following questions in about 50 words.

Question (a)
How did the presence of Richard Parker help Pi?
Answer:
Pi had to be alert to stay alive in the presence of a 450 pound heavy tiger whose moods may swing. The tiger’s presence did not allow him to think much about his family and the tragic circumstances he was placed in life. He had to keep alert to stay alive. He hated Richard Parker but was grateful to the animal for keeping him out of despair, an enemy much more formidable than the Bengal tiger.

Question (b)
Describe the lifeboat.
Answer:
The life-boat was three and a half feet deep, eight feet wide and twenty six feet long exactly. It was designed to accomodate a maximum of thirty two people. But just the presence of three (i.e.) Zebra, hyena and the tiger along with him made it appear that the boat was already crowded. In the lower part there were many orange life boats and packaged drinking water kept in a closed box.

Question (c)
How did Pi feel after drinking water?
After drinking water, he felt great. A sense of well being quickly overcame him. His mouth became moist and soft. His skin relaxed. His joints moved with greater ease. His heart began to beat like a merry drum. Blood started flowing through his veins like cars from a wedding party honking their way through town. Strength and suppleness came back to his muscles. His head became clearer. In fact, he felt like returning from the world of dead to life.

Question (d)
Did Pi want Richard Parker to die? Answer, giving reasons.
Answer:
No, Pi did not want Richard Parker to die. He was in fact glad about Parker. If he still had the will to live, it was because of Parker. He kept him from thinking too much about his family and the tragic circumstances. Though he hated him for his capability to strike terror in his heart, he wanted him to live. If Parker died, Pi will have to live alone with despair which is a much more formidable enemy than Parker himself.

Additional Questions

Question (a)
Why did Pi compare himself to a losing Tennis champion who bounces back towards the end?
Answer:
Pi was pitted against two foes. The first was a hyena and the second was Richard Parker, the Bengal tiger. The presence of tiger made hyena very quiet. Though he was scared of hyena, the presence of Parker outmatched him. Thirst made him overcome the fear of both foes. The debilitating thirst made him look for water inside the boat. This was like a losing Tennis champion who attacks the confident foe fearing nothing.

3. Answer in a paragraph.

Question (a)
How did the presence of Richard Parker influence the attitude of Pi during his stay on the boat?
Answer:
It was Richard Parker who calmed down Pi. The irony of life is that the animal that scared him witless to start with was the same who brought him peace, purpose and even wholeness. They were literally and figuratively in the same boat. They had to live together. A part of Pi’s personality was glad about Parker’s presence, who gave him the will to hang on to life under the toughest conditions.

He realized danger and peace can co-exist when one is aware of one’s innate strength. He realizes the fact that staying with a tiger is less tormenting than living alone with despair. Loneliness and despair can easily kill a person. He decided to focus on the chances of survival and shut off the tragic circumstances he was placed in a lonely boat in the middle of Pacific Ocean. In short, he became optimistic, balanced and stoical in his attitude to life thanks to the presence of Richard Parker.

Question (b)
Water is the elixir of life. Substantiate the statement with reference to the story of ‘Life Of Pi’.
Answer:
The author calls it ‘liquid life’. For a thirsty man, a cup of water is more precious than gold. He had not drunk water for two and a half days after the ship wreck. Pi drank two litres of the most exquisite nectar (i.e.) water. Suddenly Pi’s forehead was wet with fresh perspiration. Everything in him right down to the pores of his skin was expressing joy. A sense of well-being quickly overcame him. His skin relaxed, his joints moved with greater ease.

His heart began to beat like a merry drum. Blood started flowing through his veins like cars from a wedding party honking their way through the town. Strength and suppleness came back to his muscles. His head became clearer. Truly he was returning to life from the world of dead. After being thirsty for a while, to be drunk on water is noble and ecstatic basked in bliss and plentitude for several minutes. These experiences of Pi highlight the indisputable fact that water is the elixir of life.

Question (c)
If you were lost at sea for as long as Pi was, what is the one item you would want with you? Write a diary entry in which you identify the item and explain why it is the one thing you would want with you.
Answer:
If I were lost in the seas similar to Pi, I wouldn’t have to worry about water because I will carry enough water to last for 140 days. Lifejackets would be already available. A whistle could be my choice of item. Even at night if a ship is passing by I can whistle and attract the attention of the ship. When I feel lonely I can whistle. I can scare away prowling sharks too with my whistle as it would sound like the sound made by dolphins in deep waters.

Occasionally fishermen also come deep into the ocean with their trawlers or fishing boats in early evenings or dawn. I could easily invite their attention. Inspite of having a whistle, if no boat or ship comes that side, it would be difficult to survive. But I can whistle as well as wave the orange life jackets to attract possible rescuers.

Additional Questions

Question (а)
Why does Pi say that thirst is worse than hunger?
Answer:
Prolonged hunger may result in the discomfort of death due to lack of oxygen. But thirst is a long drawn affair. Lord Jesus Christ died on the cross due to suffocation. But his only desire during the last moments of his life was water to drink. If thirst can be so taxing even God incarnate desires of, one can imagine how an ordinary human could drive a thirsty man to go raving mad in thirst. Pi had never before experienced physical hell than that putrid taste and pasty feeling in the mouth. It was an unbearable pressure at the back of his throat. He had a sensation that his blood was turning into a thick syrup that barely flowed through his veins.

Question (b)
How did Pi convince himself that there must be water on board?
Answer:
The divining rod in Pi’s mind dipped sharply and spring gushed forth. He remembered that he was on a genuine regulation lifeboat and such a lifeboat was surely outfitted with supplies. A captain would never fail in so elementary way of preserving water to ensure safety and survival of his crew in the event of a disaster. Besides, it is natural that a ship chandler would think of making a little extra money under the noble pretext of saving lives. It was settled beyond doubt that there was water on board.

4. Sequence the following incidents logically to write the summary of the story ‘Life of Pi’.

• As he looked around, he was shocked to find Richard Parker on board.
• His search for water took him dangerously close to Richard Parker but nothing could stop him neither Richard Parker nor the hyena
• Pi left Richard Parker in a jungle and reunited with his family.
• Pi came back to life and his senses after drinking the elixir of life.
• He understood that it was Richard Parker who helped him survive for 227 days.
• He was pinned by weakness having had no food, water or even sleep for nearly three days.
• Strangely his thirst overpowered his fear of Richard Parker and he went about exploring for ‘ fresh water.
• A little later, he succeeded in his search, when he found stacks of cans of drinking water.
• Pi was stranded in the Pacific on a lifeboat.
• Then, he realized that Parker who scared him earlier brought him peace, purpose and wholeness.

Answer:

1. Pi was stranded in the Pacific on a lifeboat.
2. He was pinned by weakness having had no food, water or even sleep for nearly three days.
3. As he looked around, he was shocked to find Richard Parker on board.
4. Strangely his thirst overpowered his fear of Richard Parker and he went about exploring for fresh water.
5. His search for water took him dangerously close to Richard Parker but nothing could stop him neither Richard Parker nor the hyena.
6. A little later, he succeeded in his search, when he found stacks of cans of drinking water.
7. Pi came back to life and his senses after drinking the elixir of life.
8. He understood that it was Richard Parker who helped him survive for 227 days.
9. Then, he realized that Parker who scared him earlier brought him peace, purpose and wholeness.
10. Pi left Richard Parker in a jungle and reunited with his family.

Life of Pi About The Author

Yann Martel was born in Spain to French Canadian parents. Martel’s father worked as a diplomat and the family moved to Costa Rica, France, Mexico and Canada during Martel’s childhood. He grew up speaking both French and English. Martel studied philosophy at Trent University in Ontario, and later spent a year in India visiting religious sisters and zoos.
His first three books received little critical or popular attention but with the publication of Life of Pi in 2001, Martel became internationally famous and he was awarded the Man Booker Prize in 2002.

Life of Pi Summary in English

Introduction
Pi recounts the ordeal he faced in the middle of the pacific ocean after the ship wreck. Francis Adirubasamy, a close business associate of his father, a swimming champion taught him to swim. He also gave him his unusual name Piscine Molitor, a Persian swimming club he used to frequent. Pi is named after that swimming club (i.e) Piscine Molitor. Pi’s father once ran a zoo in Pondicherry. As the political situation in India was volatile, he decided to shift the family to Canada. They set sail in a cargo ship on June 21,1977. A crew and many cages full of animals sailed along with them in that cargo ship.

Crisis in the mid ocean
When the cargo ship was sailing in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, there was a huge storm. The ship started sinking. Pi jumped into a lifeboat. Very soon he found himself in the company of Richard Parker, a tiger, a zebra, and a hyena, all in a state of shock. Initially, the hyena keeps quiet and hides behind the zebra unwilling to confront the tiger. After two and a half days of drifting in the lifeboat, Pi discovered that Richard Parker was on board just below him. He was unusually quiet because of sea-sickness and the impact of heavy sedation given to him by Pis father.

Water, water everywhere but no water to drink

Pi felt very thirsty. His blood had thickened. His .legs had become stiff. He was afraid that he may die if he did not drink liquid life.

Search for drinking water
When he lifted the yellow tarpaulin, he found Richard Parker just two feet below his legs. Initially, he was scared of seeking the attention of Richard Parker. But his thirst was so much that he preferred to risk his life to find water. The narrator says, ‘thirst is worse than hunger’. Even Jesus Christ who died on the cross yearned for water only before dying. He opened the tarpaulin still further and found hyena looking at him. But Pi wasn’t afraid as much more formidable 450-pound heavy beast was there between him and the hyena

Analysis of the boat
Pi found that the boat was three and a half feet deep and eight feet wide and twenty-six feet long.lt was designed to accommodate 32 people. But it appeared to be cramped due to the presence of three animals (i.e.) zebra, Richard Parker, and the hyena. Tarpaulin, life jackets the lifeboat and the oars were also orange in color. Even the plastic headless whistle was orange in colour.

Discovery of drinking water

The narrator felt like a dried out lizard. He undid the hasp quietly. He pulled on the lid. It opened on to a locker. He looked down between his legs and got delighted because new things glistened. He experienced a heady mixture of hope, surprise, disbelief, thrill, gratitude all crushed into one. He was positively giddy with happiness. The wine of life was found in pale golden cans. Each can contained 500 ml. He felt that he was about to be released from the hell of thirst. He had water stock to last for 124 days.

Returning from the world of dead

He hit the other end of the can hard against the hook.At a stretch he gulped down 4 cans (i.e.) 2 litres of water. It was the most exquisite of nectars. His forehead was wet with fresh, clean refreshing perspiration, his skin relaxed. His joints moved with greater ease. His heart began to beat like a merry drum, blood flowed through his veins like cars from a wedding party honking their way through the tour. Strength and suppleness came back to his muscles. Truly, he was coming back from the world of the dead to life.

Parker and Pi
Richard Parker had finished off the hyena and the zebra. So, Richard Parker and Pi were literally and figuratively in the same boat. He wanted to tame Parker to stay alive.

Richard parker’s help
It was Richard Parker’s presence that shut off all the other memories of family tragedy and the tragic circumstances he was in. Richard Parker egged him to go on living. He hated Parker yet felt grateful to him. He admits that without Parker, he wouldn’t have been alive to tell the story of his survival.

Inevitable separation
At last Pi’s boat reached an island. Richard Parker jumped and walked away without even looking back at Pi. Pi was found by a ship. He got reunited with the other family members.

Conclusion
The life of Pi teaches us the great lesson that one should focus on living even in the most adverse situation in life.

Life of Pi Summary in Tamil

முன்னுரை:
பசுபிக் கடலின் நடுவே கப்பல் முறிந்ததும் தான் எதிர்கொண்ட சோதனையை பை விவரிக்கிறார். பிரான்சிஸ் அதிருபசாமி தன் தந்தையின் நெருங்கிய தொழில் ரீதியான நண்பனும், நீச்சல் வீரனும் ஆவார். அவர் தான் பைக்கு நீச்சல் கற்றுக் கொடுத்தார். அவர் தான் அடிக்கடி, செல்லும் கிளப் ஒன்றின் பேரான *Pisune molitor’ என்ற வழக்கத்தில் இல்லாத பெயரை இவருக்கு சூட்டினார். பெயரை உச்சரிக்க எளிமையாக அதைச் சுருக்கி “பை” என்று அவர் அழைக்கப்பட்டார். ஒருபோது பை யின் அப்பா பாண்டிச்சேரியில் விலங்கியல் பூங்கா ஒன்றை நடத்தினார். இந்தியாவில் அரசியல் சூழ்நிலை நிச்சயமற்றதாக இருந்ததால் அவர் தம் குடும்பத்தை கனடாவிற்கு மாற்ற முடிவு செய்தார். அவர்கள் ஒரு சரக்குக் கப்பலில் ஜுன் 21, 1977 ஆம் ஆண்டு பயணத்தை மேற்கொண்டனர். கூண்டு நிறைய விலங்குகளும், ஒரு பணியாள் சகிதமாய் கப்பல் பயணத்தை மேற்கொண்டனர்.

நடுக்கடலில் நடந்த விபத்து:
சரக்குக் கப்பல் பசுபிக் கடன் நடுவில் சென்று கொண்டிருந்த போது திடீரென்று புயல் காற்று வீசியது. கப்பல் மூழ்கத் தொடங்கியது. பை மீட்பு படகு ஒன்றில் தாவி ஏறிக் கொண்டார். அங்கு, ரிச்சர்ட் பார்க்கர் எனும் புலி, ஒரு வரிக்குதிரை, ஒரு கழுதைப்புலி உடன் காணப்பட்டது. அவை யாவும் அதிர்ச்சிக்கு உள்ளாகி | இருந்தன. தொடக்கத்தில் புலியுடன் சண்டையிடும் | நோக்கம் இல்லாமல் வரிக்குதிரைக்குப் பின்னால் கழுதைப்புலி ஒளிந்து கொண்டது. இரண்டரை நாள் நிதானமான பயணத்திற்கு பின்னால் ரிச்சர்ட் பார்க்கர் தனக்கு கீழ்த்தளத்தில் இருக்கிறது என்பதை அறிந்தார் பை. கடல் வியாதி காரணமாகவும், ‘பை’ யின் தகப்பனார் அதற்கு உடலில் செலுத்திய மயக்க மருந்தின் காரணமாகவும் அது அமைதியாகக் காணப்பட்டது.

எங்கும் தண்ணீர், ஆனால் குடிப்பதற்கு தண்ணீர் இல்லை :

‘பை’ க்கு மிகவும் தண்ணீ ர் தாகம் ஏற்பட்டது. இரத்தம் கட்டியாக மாறியது போல அவர் உணர்ந்தார். கால்கள் விறைப்பாக மாறின. உயிர் தரும் நீரைக் குடிக்காவிட்டால் இறந்து விடுவோமோ என்ற ஐயம் அவருக்குத் தோன்றியது.

குடிநீரைத் தேடும் படலம்:
மஞ்சள் நிற தார்ச்சீலையை அகற்றிப் பார்த்தால் இரண்டடி கீழே ரிச்சர்ட் பார்க்கர் இருந்தது. ஆனால் தாக மிகுதியால் அதைப் பொருட்படுத்தாமல் நீரைத் தேடலானார். கதையாசிரியர் தாகம் பசியைவிடக் கொடுமையானது என்கிறார். ஏசு கிறிஸ்துவும் இறப்பதற்கு முன்னர் ஏங்கியது தண்ணீருக்காகத்தான். தார்ச்சீலையை மேலும் நீக்கிப் பார்த்தால் அங்கு கழுதைப்புலி பையை நோக்கியது. ஆனால், பை பயப்படவில்லை . ஏனெனில், அதைவிட பலமிக்க 450 பவுண்ட் கனம் கொண்ட மிருகம் அவருக்கும் கழுதைப் புலிக்கும் இடையே இருந்தது.

படகை ஆராய்தல்:
படகானது 3 ஆழமாகவும், 8 அடி அகலமாகவும், 26 அடி நீளமாகவும் இருந்தது. அது 32 ஆட்களைக் கொள்ளும் அளவுக்கு வடிவமைக்கப்பட்டு இருந்தது. அது வரிக்குதிரை. ரிச்சர்ட் பார்க்கர் மற்றும் கழுதைப் புலி இருந்ததால் குறுகியதாகக் காணப்பட்டது.) தார்ச்சீலை. உயிர்க் கவசம். மீட்பு படகு மற்றும் துடுப்பும் ஆரஞ்சு நிறத்தில் இருந்தன. பிளாஸ்டிக்காலான தலையற்ற விசிலும் ஆரஞ்சு நிறத்தில் இருந்தது.

குடிநீரைக் கண்டுபிடிக்கும் படலம்;

கதையாசிரியர் உலர்ந்து போன பல்லியைப் போல் உணர்ந்தார். கொக்கியை அகற்றி, மூடியைக் கழற்றினார். ஒரு அலமாரி தென்பட்டது. கால்களுக்கு நடுவே புதிய பொருட்கள் மின்னின. கதையாசிரியருக்கு தன்னம்பிக்கை, ஆச்சரியம், அவநம்பிக்கை, சிலிர்ப்பு, நன்றியுணர்வு என அனைத்தும் கலந்த கலவையான ஒரு உணர்வு ஏற்ப்பட்டது. சந்தோசத்தால் தலை கிறுகிறுத்துப் போயிற்று. தங்க நிறக் குவளைகளில் தண்ணீர் என்ற பானம் தென்பட்டது. ஒவ்வொரு குவளையிலும் 500மிலி, தண்ணீ ர் இருந்தது. தாகம் எனும் நரகத்தில் இருந்து தான் விடுதலை ஆகப் போவதை உணர்ந்தார். அவருக்கு 124 நாட்களுக்கு தேவையான நீர் இருந்தது.

இறந்தவர்களின் உலகத்தில் இருந்து மீண்டு வருதல்;

குவளையைக் கூர்மையான கொக்கியால் துளைத்தார். முத்தாக நீர் தென்பட்டது. குவளையை கொக்கியை நோக்கி இடித்தார். ஒரே மூச்சில் 2 லிட்டர் தண்ணீரைக் குடித்தார். அருமையான தேனைப் போல் நீர் இருந்தது. நெற்றி வியர்வைத் |துளியால் நனைந்தது. சதை தளர்ந்தது. மூட்டு இலேசாக நகர்ந்தது. நெஞ்சு படபட என அடித்தது. சத்தத்துடன் கல்யாண கேளிக்கையில் நுழையும் மகிழுந்துகளைப் போல் இரத்தம் நாடியில் ஓடியது. பலமும், மிருதுவான | தன்மையும் சதைக்கு மீண்டும் வந்தது. இறந்தவர்கள் உலகத்தில் இருந்து உண்மையிலேயே மீண்டு வந்தது போல் உணர்ந்தார்.

பார்க்கரும், பையும்:
ரிச்சர்ட் பார்க்கர் கழுதைப் புலியையும், வரிக் குதிரையையும் கொன்று தின்று முடித்துவிட்டது. ஆதலால், ரிச்சர்ட் பார்க்கரும், பையும் எதிர் எதிராக ஒரே படகில் இருந்தனர். பார்க்கரை பழக்கப்படுத்தி தன் வசப்படுத்திக் கொண்டால் தான் அவர் உயிர் தப்பமுடியும் என பை எண்ணினார்.

ரிச்சர்ட் பார்க்கரின் உதவி:
ரிச்சர்ட் பார்க்கர் அங்கு இருந்தது தான், அவர்தன் குடும்ப கவலையையும், தான் மாட்டிக் கொண்டிருக்கும் துயரமான சூழ்நிலையையும் மறக்கும் வண்ணம் செய்தது என்றார். ரிச்சர்ட் பார்க்கர் கதாசிரியர் உயிர் வாழத் தூண்டுதலாக இருந்தது. பார்க்கர் இல்லாவிடில் தான் இந்தக் கதையைக் கூறுவதற்கு உயிருடன் இருந்திருக்க இயலாது என்பதை அவர் ஒப்புக் கொண்டார்.

நிச்சயம் நேரிடக்கூடிய பிரிவு:
கடைசியில் ‘பைன் படகு ஒரு தீவை அடைந்தது. ரிச்சர்ட் பார்க்கர் படகில் இருந்து குதித்துக் கதையாசிரியரைத் திரும்பிக் கூடப் பார்க்காமல் சென்றுவிட்டது. ‘பையை ஒரு கப்பல் கண்டுகொண்டது. அவர் மீட்கப்பட்ட பின் இதர குடும்பத்தினருடன் அவர் சேர்ந்து கொண்டார்.

முடிவுரை:
பையின் வாழ்க்கை நமக்கு கற்றுத் தரும் பாடம் என்னவென்றால், எப்பேர்ப்பட்ட சூழ்நிலையிலும் | மனிதன் வாழவேண்டும் என்ற குறிக்கோளுடன் இருக்க வேண்டும் என்பதே ஆகும்.

Life of Pi Glossary

Textual:

Additional:

Students can Download Maths Chapter 4 Statistics Ex 4.1 Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 4 Statistics Ex 4.1

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks

1. Data has already been collected by some other person is _______ data.
2. The upper limit of the class interval (25-35) is _______
3. The range of the data 200, 15, 20, 103, 3, 197, is _______
4. If a class size is 10 and range is 80 then the number of classes are _______
5. Pie chart is a _______ graph.

Answers:

1. Secondary
2. 35
3. 197
4. 8
5. circular

Question 2.
Say True or False

1. Inclusive series is a continuous series.
2. Pie charts are easy to understand.
3. Same pie chart can be used for different samples.
4. Media and business people use pie charts.
5. A pie diagram is a circle broken down into component sectors.

Answers:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True

Question 3.
The continuous series of

Solution:
Difference in the gap = 24 – 20 = 4
Here half of the gap = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) (4) = 2
∴ 2 is the adjustment factor. So we subtract 2 from the lower limit and add 2 to the upper limit to make it as a continuous series.

Question 4.
Represent the following data in ungrouped frequency table which gives the number of children in 25 families.
1, 3, 0, 2, 5, 2, 3, 4, 1, 0, 5, 4, 3, 1, 3, 2, 5, 2, 1, 1, 2, 6, 2, 1, 4
Solution:
The data given is raw data. Ascending order : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

∴ Tabulating in frequency distribution table we get

Question 5.
Form a continuous frequency distribution table for the marks obtained by 30 students in a X std public examination.
328, 470, 405, 375, 298, 326, 276, 362, 410, 255, 391, 370, 455, 229, 300, 183, 283, 366, 400, 495, 215, 157, 374, 306, 280, 409, 321, 269, 398, 200.
Solution:
Maximum mark obtained = 495
Minimum marks obtained = 157
Range = Maximum value – Minimum value
Range = 495 – 157 = 338
If we take the class size as 50 then the number of class intervals possible

Question 6.
Apaint company asked a group of students about their favourite colours and made a pie chart of their iindings. Use the information to answer the following questions.

(i) What percentage of the students like red colour?
(ii) How many students liked green colour?
(iii) What fraction of the students liked blue?
(iv) How many students did not like red colour?
(v) How many students liked pink or blue?
(vi) How many students were asked about their favourite colours?
Solution:
Total percentage of students = 100%
∴ 50 students = 100 % – (30% + 20% + 25% + 15%)
= 100 % – 90%
50 students = 10%
of total students = 50
∴ \(\frac { 10 }{ 100 } \) (Total students) = 50
Total students = \(\frac{50 \times 100}{10}\) = 500.
Total students = 500

(i) 20% of the students like red colour.

(ii) 15% of the students liked green colour.
\(\frac { 15 }{ 100 } \) × 500 = 75 students liked green colour.

(iii) 25% students liked blue ⇒ \(\frac { 25 }{ 100 } \) students liked blue.
⇒ \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \) students liked blue.

(iv) Percentage of students liked red colour = 20 %
Percentage of students did not like red colour
= 100% – 20% = 80%
∴ Number of students did not like red colour
= 80% of 500 = \(\frac { 80 }{ 100 } \) × 500 = 400
400 students did not like red colour.

(v) Students liked pink or blue = students liked pink + students liked blue.
= 30% of 500 + 25% of 500
= \(\frac { 30 }{ 100 } \) × 500 + × 500 = 150 + 125 = 275

(vi) Total number of students = 500.
500 students were asked about their favourite colour.

Question 7.
Write any five points from the given pie chart information regarding pollutants entering in the oceans.

Solution:

1. The pie chart gives the information about the amount of pollutants entering in oceans from various sources.
2. 30% of ocean is polluted by sewage.
3. 20% of ocean is polluted by air.
4. Farm run off equally contribute as much as air in polluting ocean.
5. The observation is about off shore oil, litter, Industrial waste water, Maritime transportation, Air pollution, Farm run off and sewage.

Question 8.
A survey gives the following information of food items preferred by people. Draw a Pie chart.

Solution:
Total number of people = 160 + 90 + 80 + 50 + 30 + 40 = 450
Converting the number of people prefer various food items into components part of 360°


Food items preferred by people.

Question 9.
Draw a pie chart for the following information.

Solution:


Water in Ocean

Question 10.
Income from various sources for Government of India from a rupee is given below. Draw a pie chart.

Solution:

Income from various sources for Government of India in a rupee.

Question 11.
Monthly expenditure of Kumaran’s family is given below. Draw a suitable Pie chart.

Also
1. Find the amount spent for education if Kumaran spends ₹ 6000 for Rent.
2. What is the total salary of Kumaran?
3. How much did he spend more for food than education?
Solution:

Monthly expenditure of Kumaran’s family

1. Given Kumaran spends ₹ 6000 for Rent.
∴ 15% oftotal expenditure
\(\frac { 15 }{ 100 } \) (Total Expenditure) = 6000
Total Expenditure = \(\frac{6000 \times 100}{15}\)
Total Expenditure = ₹ 40,000
Amount spend for education = 20% of total expenditure.
\(\frac { 20 }{ 100 } \) × 40,000 = ₹ 8000

2. Total salary of Kumaran = ₹ 40,000

3. Amount spend for food = 50% of (40,000)
Amount spend for the food than education = 20,000 – 8,000 = ₹ 12,000

Students can Download Maths Chapter 1 Life Mathematics Intext Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 2 Chapter 1 Life Mathematics Intext Questions

Exercise 1.1
Try This (Text book Page no. 1)

Question 1.
Find the indicated percentage value of the given numbers
Solution:

Think (Text book page no. 6)

Question 1.
An increase from 200 to 600 ¡s clearly a 200%increase. Isn’t it? (check!). With a lot of pride, the traffic police commiuêener of a city reported that the accidents had decreased by 200% ¡n one year. He cameupwith this number stating that the accidents had gone down from 600 last year to 2this year. Is the decrease from 600 to 200, the same 200% as above? Justify.
Solution:
Increase from original value 200 to 600

Decrease from original value 600 to 200

here original value is 600
% decrease = \(\frac{600-200}{600}\) x 100 = \(\frac{400}{600}\) x 100 = 66.67% decrease
Increase from 200 → 600 and % decrease from 600 → 200 are not the same

Try This (Text book page no. 7)

Question 1.
What percent of a day is 10 hours?
Solution:
In a day, there are 24 hours
10 hrs out of 24 hrs is \(\frac{10}{24}\)
As a percentage, we need to multiply by 100
∴ Percentage = \(\frac{10}{24}\) x 100 = 41.67%

Question 2.
Divide ₹ 350 among P, Q and R such that P gets 50% of what Q gets and Q gets 50% of what R gets.
Solution:
Let R get x, Q gets 50% of what R gets
∴ Q gets = \(\frac{50}{100}\) × x = \(\frac{x}{2}\)
P gets 50% of what Q gets
∴ P gets = \(\frac{50}{100}\) x \(\frac{x}{2}\) = \(\frac{x}{4}\)
Since 350 is divided among the three
∴ 350 = x + \(\frac{x}{2}\) + \(\frac{x}{4}\)
350 = \(\frac{4x+2x+x}{4}\) = \(\frac{7x}{4}\) = 350
x = \(\frac{350×4}{7}\) = 200
Q gets = \(\frac{x}{2}\) = \(\frac{200}{2}\) = 100,
P gets = \(\frac{x}{4}\) = \(\frac{200}{4}\) = 50
∴ P = 50
Q = 100
R = 200

Exercise 1.2
Think (Text book Page No. 13)

Question 1.
A shopkeeper marks the price of a marker board 15% above the cost price and then allows a discount of 15% on the marked price. Does he gain or lose in the transaction?
Solution:
Let cost price of marker board be 100
CP = 100 Marks it 15% above CP
∴ Marked price = MP = \(\frac{15}{100}\) x CP + CP = \(\frac{15}{100}\) 100 + 100 = 15 + 100 = 115
Discount % = 15%

∴ He sells it 97.75 which is less than his cost price. Therefore he loses
Loss = 97.75 – 100 = – 2.25

Try This (Text book Page No. 14)

Question 1.
By selling 5 articles, a man gains the cost price of 1 article. Find his gain percentage.
Solution:
Let cost price of article be C.P. Let S.P of 1 articles be SP by selling 5 articles at SP he makes a gain of cost price of one article.
Gain on 1 article = SP – CP; ⇒ Gain% = \(\frac{SP-CP}{CP}\) x 100
Gain on 2 articles = 2 x (SP – CP)
Gain on 5 articles = 5 x (SP – CP)
Given than gain on 5 articles is CP of 1 article
∴ 5(SP – CP) = CP
\(\frac{SP-CP}{CP}\) = \(\frac{1}{5}\)
Gain percentage \(\frac{SP-CP}{CP}\) x 100 = \(\frac{1}{5}\) x 100 % = 20%

Question 2.
By selling 8 articles, a shopkeeper gains the selling price of 3 articles. Find his gain percentage.
Solution:
Let cost price of 1 article be CP. Let selling price of 1 article be SP.
Gain on 1 article = SP – CP
Gain on 8 articles = 8 x (SP – CP)
Given that gain on 8 articles in selling price of 3 articles
8(SP – CP) = 3 x SP
∴ \(\frac{SP-CP}{CP}\) = \(\frac{3}{8}\)
∴ \(\frac{SP}{SP-CP}\) = \(\frac{8}{3}\)
Subtracting 1 on both sides
\(\frac{SP}{SP-CP}\) – 1 = \(\frac{8}{3}\) – 1 = \(\frac{SP-(SP-CP)}{SP-CP}\)= \(\frac{8-3}{3}\)
\(\frac{SP-SP-CP}{SP-CP}\) = \(\frac{5}{3}\) ⇒ \(\frac{CP}{SP-CP}\) = \(\frac{5}{3}\)
\(\frac{SP-CP}{CP}\) = \(\frac{3}{5}\) (taking reciprocals on both sides)
Gain% \(\frac{SP-CP}{CP}\) x 100 = \(\frac{3}{5}\) x 100 = 3 x 20 = 60%

Question 3.
If the C.P of 20 articles is equal to the S.P of 15 articles, find the profit or loss percentage.
Solution:
Given CP of 20 article = SP of 15 articles
∴ SP of 15 articles = CP of 20 articles
∴ SP of 1 article = \(\frac{1}{15}\) x CP of 20 articles
SP = \(\frac{1}{15}\) x 20 CP = \(\frac{20}{15}\) CP = \(\frac{4}{3}\) CP
∴ SP = \(\frac{4}{3}\) CP ⇒ SP is greater than CP
It is a profit.

Exercise 1.3
Try This (Text book Page No. 23)

Question 1.
Find the principal which gives ₹ 420 as C.I @ 20% p.a compounded half yearly for one year.
Solution:
CI = ₹420
Rate = ₹ 20% p.a
Principle = ₹ [required to find] Time period (n) = 1 year.
However, let us value of r to be 20% p.a so for half yearly, r is \(\frac{20}{2}\) = 10%
Formula for Amount (A) when compounded half yearly is

Question 2.
The price of a laptop depreciates @ 4% p.a. If its present price is ₹ 24,000, find its price after 3 years.
Solution:
Let original price of laptop be ‘P’, Rate of depreciation is 4% p.a,
Present price is ₹ 24,000 (D).
Formula for depreciation is

Price after 3 years from now is
P(1 – \(\frac{4}{100}\))ⁿ⁺³ = ? ⇒ (1 – \(\frac{4}{100}\))ⁿ (1 – \(\frac{4}{100}\))³
From (1)
24,000 x (1 – \(\frac{4}{100}\))³
24,000 x \(\frac{96}{100}\) x \(\frac{96}{100}\) x \(\frac{96}{100}\) = 21233.66

Actvity I (text book Page No. 23)

Question 1.
Mukunthan invests 30,000/- for 3 months in a bank which gives C.I at the rate of 12% compounded monthly. A private company offers his S.l at the rate of 12% p.a What is the difference in the interests received by Mukunthan? Do by traditional method and verify your answer by calculator.
Solution:
Principal = 30,000
Time period = 3 months
In Bank rate of interest for CI = 12% compounded monthly
∴ A = (1 + \(\frac{r}{100}\))ⁿ = 30,000(1 + \(\frac{12}{100}\))³
30,000 x \(\frac{112}{100}\) x \(\frac{112}{100}\) x \(\frac{112}{100}\) = 42147.84
∴ CI = A – P = 42147.84 – 30,000
CI = 12147.84
In private company,
Rate of single Interest SI = 12% p.a
So, for 3 months, i.e \(\frac{3}{12}\) = \(\frac{1}{4}\) year,

∴ Difference in interest = CI – SI = 12,147.84 – 900 = 11247.84

Read More: BHARTIARTL Pivot Calculator

Students can Download Science Term 3 Chapter 9 Visual Communication Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Term 3 Chapter 9 Visual Communication

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Visual Communication Text Book Exercise

I. Choose the best answer:

Question 1.
The Keyboard shortcut is used to copy the selected text
(a) Ctrl + C
(b) Ctrl + V
(c) Ctrl + X
(d) Ctrl + A
Answer:
(a) Ctrl + C

Question 2.
The Keyboard shortcut is used to cut the selected text
(a) Ctrl + C
(b) Ctrl + V
(c) Ctrl + X
(d) Ctrl + A
Answer:
(c) Ctrl + X

Question 3.
If the ruler is not displayed in the screen, option is clicked.
(a) View → ruler
(b) view → task
(c) File → save
(d) Edit → paste
Answer:
(a) View → ruler

Question 4.
How many types of page orientation are there in Libre office Writer?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(b) 2

Question 5.
The menu used to save the document is –
(a) File → open
(b) file → print
(c) file → save
(d) Edit → close
Answer:
(c) file → save

II. Answer briefly:

Question 1.
What is the use for Text document software?
Answer:

1. A text file is used to store standard and structured textual data or information that is human readable.
2. It is defined in several different formate including the most popular ASCII for cross platform usage and ANSI for windows – based operating platforms.

Question 2.
What is selecting text?
Answer:
Selecting is the process of highlighting text or picking an object. For example, a user may select text to copy, cut or move that text to an alternate location or select a file they want to view.

Question 3.
How to close a document?
Answer:
Close the current document by selecting File → Close command on the menu bar or click the Close icon if it is visible on the Standard tool bar.

Question 4.
What is right alignment?
Answer:
Right alignment is text or page formatting that aligns text along the right side of a page or containing element.

Question 5.
How to open an existing document?
Answer:
To open an existing document, do any one of the following methods:

1. Click the Open File button on the menu bar.
2. Choose File → Open command from the menu bar.
3. Press CTRL+O keys on the keyboard. Each of the above method will show the Open dialog box. Choose the file and click the Open button.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Visual Communication Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
………….. is a powerful and free office suite, used by millions of people.
(a) LibreOffice
(b) Microsoft window
(c) JAVA
(d) HTML
Answer:
(a) LibreOffice

Question 2.
………….. can create and edit forms, views and relations.
(a) Calc
(b) Impress
(c) Base
(d) Math
Answer:
(c) Base

Question 3.
………….. is the LibreOffice formula or equation editor.
(a) Impress
(b) Drawing
(c) Base
(d) Math
Answer:
(d) Math

Question 4.
The menu is used to print the document.
(a) File → open
(b) File → print
(c) File → save
(d) File → close
Answer:
(b) File → print

Question 5.
A ………….. is a set of characters and numbers in a certain style.
(a) Font
(b) Bullets
(c) Underline
(d) Paragraph
Answer:
(a) Font

Question 6.
………….. alignment refers to the appearance of the left and right sides of the Paragraph.
(a) Right
(b) Letf
(c) Paragraph
(d) None
Answer:
(c) Paragraph

Question 7.
How many types of alignment can be selected in LibreOffice?
(a) two
(b) three
(c) four
(d) five
Answer:
(c) four

Question 8.
A ………….. orientation means a horizontal display.
(a) Landscape
(b) Portrait
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Landscape

Question 9.
A page is shorter in height but wider in width
(a) Landscape
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(b) Portrait
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Portrait

II. Answer the following question:

Question 1.
What is drawing?
Answer:
Draw is a vector drawing tool that can produce everything from simple diagrams or flowcharts to 3D artwork.

Question 2.
How can you create a new document?
Answer:
To create a new document, do any one of the following methods

1. Click the New Document button on the menu bar.
2. Choose File → New command from the menu bar.
3. Press CTRL+N keys on the keyboard.

Question 3.
How can you print a document?
Answer:
To print a document or selected pages follow the steps given below:

1. Open the document to be printed.
2. Choose File → Print command on the menu bar. The Print dialog box will open. Select the Options like print range, Number of copies, Printer name etc. See that printer is switched on and the paper is available in the printer tray.
3. Click OK.

Question 4.
What is the difference between cut and copy?
Answer:
The main difference between Cut and Copy is that cut removes the selected data from its original position while copy creates a duplicate of the original content.

Question 5.
What is font?
Answer:
A font is a set of characters and numbers in a certain style. Each font looks different from other fonts.

Question 6.
What is paragraph alignment?
Answer:
Paragraph alignment refers to the appearance of the left and right sides of the paragraph.

III. Paragraph Questions:

Question 1.
What are the components of LibreOffice?(any five)
Answer:
LibreOffice includes the following components.

Text Document:
Writer is a featurerich tool for creating letters, books, reports, newsletters, brochures, and other documents.

Calc (spreadsheet):
Calc has all of the advanced analysis, charting, and decision making features expected from a high-end spreadsheet. It includes over 300 functions for financial, statistical and mathematical operations, among others.

Impress (presentations):
Impress provides all the common multimedia presentation tools, such as special effects, animation, and drawing tools.

Base (database):
Base provides tools for day-to-day database work within a simple interface. It can create and edit forms, reports, queries, tables, views, and relations, so that managing a relational database is much the same as in other popular database applications.

Math (formula editor):
Math is the LibreOffice formula or equation editor. You can use it to create complex equations that include symbols or characters not available in standard font sets.

Question 2.
How can you selecting the text?
Answer:
For selecting text, the mouse or the keyboard can be used.
Selecting Text with Mouse – Following steps are to be followed:

1. Insertion point is moved to the start of the text to be selected.
2. The left mouse button should be clicked, held down and dragged across the text to be selected.
3. When the intended text is selected, the mouse button should be released.

Selecting Text with Keyboard – Following are the steps to be followed:

1. Insertion point is moved to the start of the text to be selected.
2. The Shift key is pressed down and the movement keys are used to highlight the required text.
3. When the Shift key is released, the text is selected.

Question 3.
List the steps of moving the text.
Answer:
The selected text can be easily cut and pasted in the required location. Following steps are to be followed.

1. The text to be moved to a new location is selected.
2. Edit → Cut is selected or in the tool bar is selected to cut the selected text.
3. Insertion point is moved to the place where the text is to be pasted.
4. Edit → Paste is selected or in the tool bar is selected to paste the text in the new location. The text can also be pasted in this way to another or another type of document.

The following keyboard shortcuts can be used to move text.

• Ctrl + X → to Cut,
• Ctrl + V → to Paste

Question 4.
How can you change the margins?
Answer:
If the user is not having the exact value for the margins then the Ruler option on the View menu can be used to change the margins.
Following steps are used in this method:

1. If the ruler is not displayed in the screen, View → Ruler option is clicked.
2. The gray area of the ruler indicates the margin’s top area.
3. The mouse pointer is then moved in between the gray and white area of the ruler.
4. When the pointer is in the right spot, it changes into a line with arrows on both sides.
5. The margin guide is dragged to a new location.

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Term 3 Chapter 8 Conservation of Plants and Animals

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Conservation of Plants and Animals Text Book Exercise

I. Choose the best answer:

Question 1.
The plants found in a particular area are known as …………….
(a) fauna
(b) flora
(c) endemic
(d) rare
Answer:
(c) endemic

Question 2.
Deforestation means …………….
(a) cleaning of forest
(b) to grow plants
(c) to look after plants
(d) None of these
Answer:
(d) None of these

Question 3.
The Red Data Book gives a list of …………….
(a) endemic species
(b) extinct species
(c) natural species
(d) None of these
Answer:
(d) None of these

Question 4.
Insitu conservation is …………….
(a) off site conservation
(b) on site conservation
(c) Both a and b
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) on site conservation

Question 5.
Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in …………….
(a) 1986
(b) 1972
(c) 1973
(d) 1971
Answer:
(b) 1972

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. WWF stands for …………….
2. The animal found in a particular area is known as …………….
3. Red Data Book is maintained by …………….
4. Mudhumalai Wildlife Sanctuary is located in ……………. district.
5. ……………. is observed as ‘World Wildlife day’.

Answer:

1. World Wildlife Fund
2. endemic
3. International Union for conservation of Nature
4. Nilgiris
5. March 3

III. Match the following:

1. Gir national park – Madhya Pradesh
2. Sundarabans National Park – Uttarangal
3. Indira Gandhi National Park – West Bengal
4. Corbett National Park – Gujarat
5. Kanha National Park – Tamil Nadu

Answer:

1. Gir national park – Gujarat
2. Sundarabans National Park – West Bengal
3. Indira Gandhi National Park – Tamil Nadu
4. Corbett National Park – Uttarangal
5. Kanha National Park – Madhya Pradesh

IV. Answer very briefly:

Question 1.
What is global warming?
Answer:
Gases methane and carbon dioxide accumulating in the atmosphere and trap the heat energy inside the atmosphere leading to increase in temperature is called Global warming.

Question 2.
What is known as extent species?
Answer:
Species which no longer exist on Earth are called extinct species.

Question 3.
Give few example for extinct species.
Answer:
Dinosaurs and Dodo are examples of extinct species.

Question 4.
Name two endangered animals.
Answer:

1. Snow Leo pard
2. Asiatic Lion

Question 5.
What is ICBN?
Answer:
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. These are a set of International rules proposed by botanists to ensure a stable, universal and uniform system of naming plants.

V. Answer briefly:

Question 1.
What is biosphere reserve?
Answer:

1. Biosphere is a protected area where human population also forms the part of the system.
2. The area of these places will be around 5000 square kilometers. They conserve the eco system, species and genetic resources. These areas are set up mainly for economic development.

Question 2.
What is tissue culture?
Answer:
It is a technique of growing plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds or other plant parts in a sterile environment on a nutrient medium.

Question 3.
What is endangered species? Give two examples.
Answer:

1. An endangered species is an animal or a plant that is considered to be at the risk of extinction.
2. It means that there are only few of them left on the Earth and soon they might extinct.
3. Snow leopard, Bengal tiger, Asiatic lion, Purple frog and Indian giant squirrel are some of the endangered animals in India.

Question 4.
Write the advantages of the Red Data Book.
Answer:

1. It helps to evaluate the population of a particular species.
2. The data given in this book can be used to evaluate the species at the global level.
3. The risk of a species becoming globally extinct can be estimated with the help of this book.
4. It provides guidelines for implementing protective measures for endangered species.

Question 5.
Mention four main reasons for the conservation of forests.
Answer:

1. According to WWF (World Wildlife Fund) there has been 60% decrease in the size of population of animals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians over the past 40 years.
2. In order to leave something for the future generation, we need to conserve it now.
3. Conservation is the protection, preservation, management of wildlife and natural resource such as forest and water.
4. Conservation of biodiversity helps us to protect, maintain and recover endangered animals and plant species.

Question 6.
What do you understand by the term bio-magnification?
Answer:

1. Bio – magnification is the increase in contaminated substances due to the intoxicating environment.
2. The contaminants might be heavy metals such as mercury, arsenic, and pesticides such as polychlorinated biphenyls and DDT (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloro ethane).
3. These substances are taken up by the organisms through the food they consume.
4. When the organisms in the higher food chain feed on the organisms in the lower food chain containing these toxins, these toxins get accumulated in the higher organisms.

Question 7.
What is PBR?
Answer:
1. Peoples Biodiversity Register is a document which contains comprehensive information on locally available bio-resources including landscape and demography of a particular area or village.

2. Bio-resources mean plants, animals and microorganisms or parts thereof, their genetic material and by-products with actual or potential use or value.

3. A Biodiversity Management Committee is set up in each local body which prepares the People’s Biodiversity Registers with the guidance and technical support of National Biodiversity Authority and the State Biodiversity Boards.

4. Preparation of this register promotes conservation, preservation of habitats and breed of animals and gathering of knowledge relating to biological diversity.

5. The register entails a complete documentation of biodiversity in the area related to the plant, food source, wildlife, medicinal source, traditional knowledge etc.

VI. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
What is Deforestation? Explain the causes and effects of Deforestation.
Answer:
Destruction of forests in order to make the land available for different uses is known as deforestation.
Causes of Deforestation:

• Fires and floods are the natural causes for deforestation.
• Human activities are responsible for deforestation include agricultural expansion, cattle breeding, illegal logging, mining, oil extraction, dam construction and infrastructure development.

1. Agricultural Expansion:

• With increasing population, there is an overgrowing demand for food production.
• Hence, large amount of trees are chopped down for crops and for cattle grazing.

2. Urbanization:

• Increase in population needs the expansion of cities.
• More land is needed to establish housing and settlement.
• Requirements like construction of roads, development of houses, mineral exploitation and expansion of industries also arise due to urbanisation.
• Forests are destroyed to meet all these needs.

3. Mining:

• Mining of coal, diamond and gold require a large amount of forest land.
• Large number of trees are cut down to clear the forest area. The waste that comes out from mining pollutes the environment and affects the nearby plants.

4. Construction of dams:
To provide water supply to the increasing population, large size dams are constructed. Hence, a great extend of forest area is being cleared.

5. Timber Production:

• Wood-based industries like paper, match-sticks, furniture need a substantial amount of wood supply.
• Wood is the most commonly used fuel, thus, a large number of trees are being cut down for fuel supplies.
• Illegal wood cutting is the main reason for the destruction of some valuable plants.

6. Forest fire:

• Forest fire be caused by humans, accidents or natural factors.
• Forest fires wipe out thousands of acres of forest land each year all over the world. This has tremendous effects on biodiversity and the economy as well.

7. Cyclones:
Cyclones destroy the trees on a massive scale.

Effects of Deforestation:
1. Extinction of species:
Deforestation has resulted in the loss of many wonderful species of plants and animals and many are on the verge of extinction.

2. Soil Erosion:

• When the trees are cut down, soils are exposed to the Sun’s heat.
• Extreme temperature of the summer dries up the moisture and makes the nutrients to evaporate, ft also affects the bacteria that helps in the breakdown of organic matter.

3. Water cycle:
When trees are cut down, the amount of water vapour released decreases for transpiration and hence there is a decrease in the rainfall. ‘

4. Floods:
When the trees are cut down, the flow of water is disrupted and it leads to flooding.

Question 2.
Discuss the advantages of Insitu and exsitu conservation.
Answer:
Advantages of In-situ conservation:

1. Species can be adapted to their habitat.
2. Species can interact with each other.
3. Natural habitat is maintained.
4. It is less expensive and easy to manage.
5. Interests of indigenous people are protected.

Advantages of Exquisite conservation:

1. It prevents the decline of species.
2. Endangered animals can be breeded in these ways.
3. Threatened species are breeded and released in natural environment.
4. It is useful for conducting research and scientific work.

Question 3.
Write about the types of conservation.
Answer:
Conservation is the protection, preservation, management of wildlife and natural resource such as forest and water.

Types:
In-situ conservation:
It is conservation of living resources within the natural ecosystem in which they occur.

1. National Parks:

• It is an area which is strictly reserved for the betterment of the wildlife.
• Here, activities like forestry, grazing or cultivation are not permitted.
• Eg – Guindy National Park in Chennai district.

2. Wildlife sanctuaries:

• A sanctuary is a protected area reserved for the conservation of animals only.
• Human activities like harvesting of timber, collection of forest products and private ownership rights are allowed here.
• Controlled interference like tourist activity is also allowed.

3. Biosphere reserves:

• It is a protected area where human population also forms the part of the system.
• The area of these places will be around 5000 square kilometers.
• They conserve the eco system, species and genetic resources.
• Eg – These areas are set up mainly for economic development.

Ex-situ Conservation:
It is the conservation of wildlife outside their habitat. Establishing zoos and botanical gardens, conservation of genes, seedling and tissue.

1. Botanical gardens:

• It is a place where flowers, fruits and vegetables are grown.
• These places provide a healthy and calm environment.

2. Zoological parks:

• Zoological parks are the areas where wild animals are conserved.
• In India there are about 800 zoological parks.

3. Tissue Culture:
It is a technique of growing plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds or other plant parts in a sterile environment on a nutrient medium.

4. Seed bank:
The seed bank preserves dried seeds by storing them in a very low temperature.

5. Cryo Bank:
It is a technique by which a seed or embryo is preserved at a very low temperature.

Question 4.
Write a note on Blue Cross.
Answer:
1. Blue Cross is a registered animal welfare charity in the United Kingdom, founded in 1897 as Our Dumb Friends League.

2. The vision of this charity is that every pet will enjoy a healthy life in a happy home.

3. The charity provides support for pet owners who cannot afford private veterinary treatment, helps to find homes for unwanted animals, and educates the public in the responsibilities of animal ownership.

4. Captain V. Sundaram founded the Blue Cross of India, the largest animal welfare organization of Asia in Chennai in the year 1959.

5. He was an Indian pilot and animal welfare activist. Now, Blue Cross of India the country’s largest animal welfare organizations and it runs several animal welfare events like pet adaptation and animal right awareness.

6. Blue Cross of India has received several international and national awards.

7. This organization is entirely looked after by volunteers.

8. The main office is located at Guindy, Chennai, with all amenities like hospitals, shelters, ambulance services and animal birth controls, etc.

9. Activities of the organization include, providing shelters, re-homing, adoption, animal birth control, maintaining hospitals and mobile dispensary and providing ambulance services.

VII. HOT:

Question 1.
Is it possible to find Dinosaurs today? Why?
Answer:

1. No. It is not possible to find Dinosaurs today since they have become extinct.
2. The reasons may be shortage of food, space or climate changes.

Question 2.
Animals are affected by Deforestation. How?
Answer:

1. Deforestation involves destruction of forests by man to make the lend available for different uses.
2. When forests are destroyed, the wild animals living there are left homeless.
3. They start moving out in search of shelter.
4. Since animals start moving out the food chains are also affected and animals cannot find food also.
5. They also get isolated from their groups and may be killed by accidents or hunted.

Question 3.
Why did the numbers of Tiger and Black buck decrease?
Answer:

1. The number of Black buck and Tigers have decreased due to excessive hunting, Deforestation and habitat degradation.
2. Tigers are also facing problems of prey depletion since the number of deers and other herbivores are decreasing due to disappearance of forests.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Conservation of Plants and Animals Additional Question

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
…………… is not a green house gas.
(a) Oxygen
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Nitro-us oxide
(d) Methane
Answer:
(a) Oxygen

Question 2.
Chipko Movement was started in ……………
(a) 1980
(b) 1970
(c) 1960
(d) 1953
Answer:
(b) 1970

Question 3.
Each year …………… is celebrated as ‘World Biodiversity Day’.
(a) April 20
(b) May 22
(c) December 8
(d) October 12
Answer:
(b) May 22

Question 4.
…………… is not an endangered animal.
(a) Nilgiri Tahr
(b) Asiatic Lion
(c) Snow leopard
(d) Dodo duck
Answer:
(d) Dodo duck

Question 5.
Yeoman Butterfly has been declared as state butterfly of ……………
(a) Manipur
(b) Nagaland
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) West Bengal
Answer:
(c) Tamil Nadu

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. The founder of Chipko movement was ……………
2. In a Cryo bank, the seeds are preserved in ……………
3. The variety of life forms is called …………….
4. Replanting of trees is called ……………
5. The details of endangered species can be viewed in ……………
6. Blue cross of India was established in …………… in India.
7. …………… has led to destruction of coral seeds.
8. …………… Biosphere reserve is located in Tamil Nadu.
9. National park is an example for …………… conservation.
10. World Wild life Day is celebrated on …………….

Answer:

1. Sunderlal Bahuguna
2. liquid nitrogen
3. Biodiversity
4. Reforestation
5. Red Data Book
6. Chennai
7. Biomagnification
8. Nilgiri
9. In-situ
10. March 3rd

III. Very short answer:

Question 1.
What is Reforestation?
Answer:
Reforestation is the natural or intentional replanting of the existing forests that have been destroyed through deforestation.

Question 2.
Differentiate Afforestation and Reforestation.
Answer:
Afforestation:

1. Trees are planted in new areas where there was no forest cover.
2. One sapling is planted to get one tree.
3. It is practiced to bring more area under forest

Reafforestation:

1. It is practiced in areas where forests have been destroyed.
2. Two saplings are planted to replace every felled tree
3. It is practiced to avoid deforestation.

Question 3.
Name two endangered plant species?
Answer:
Malabar Lily and Rafflesia flower.

Question 4.
What are the functions of CPCSEA?
Answer:

1. Approval of animal house facilities.
2. Permission for conducting experiments involving usage of animals.
3. CPCSEA stands for ‘The Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals.
4. It is a statutory committee set up under the Preservation of Cruelty to Animals Act,1960.

Question 5.
The Red Data Book is maintained by which organisation?
Answer:

1. Red Data Book is maintained by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
2. It is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.

IV. Long Answer:

Question 1.
List some measure to save endangered species.
Answer:

1. Animal species are endangered mainly because of hunting and poaching. If it is controlled, there can be a significant change in the number of endangered animals.
2. Controlling pollution can have a positive impact on animals, fish and birds all over the world.
3. By consuming less pollutants, we can protect the ecosystems.
4. Animals often mistake plastic for food and hence plastics harm and cause endangerment of many species. Limiting the amount of plastic and recycling it can save the endangered animals.
5. Recycling things and buying Eco friendly products will preserve the environment resources and hence the animals.
6. Pesticides and chemicals which cause damage to the environment should be avoided.
7. Planting native trees will provide food to the animals.

Question 2.
What are causes for endangerment of species?
Answer:

1. Loss of habitat.
2. Trees that provide food and shelter to so many species are destroyed due to human intervention.

Over hunting and poaching:
Large number of animals is hunted for their horns, skin, teeth and many other valuable products.

3. Pollution:

• Number of animals are affected by pollutions like air pollution and water pollution.
• In the recent years more number of animals is affected by wastes in the form of plastic.

4. New habitat:

• Sometimes animals are taken by people to new habitat where they do not naturally live.
• Some, of them may extinct and some may survive.
• The new ones may also get attacked by the species already living there and cause their extinction.

5. Chemicals:

• We use pesticides and other chemicals to get rid of damaging insects, pests or weeds.
• But they can also poison desired plants and animals if we do not use them correctly.

6. Diseases:
Diseases due to various unknown reasons may affect the animals and make them extinct.

7. Natural calamities:
Animals may also be destroyed due to natural disasters like flood and fire.

Question 3.
Explain the significance of Afforestation.
Answer:

1. Afforestation helps the wild animals and even humans to have shelter and to find their food source.
2. Through afforestation we can increase the supply of oxygen. Trees planted can increase the water vapour in the atmosphere to get the rainfall.
3. By planting trees the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can be reduced and thus the effects of air pollution, green house gases and global warming can be controlled.
4. Afforestation enables us to avoid desertification of land.
5. Barren lands experience strong winds and it causes soil erosion. Top soil is washed away during rainfall. Afforestation helps to grow more trees so that they can hold the top soil along with the nutrients.
6. Creating forests provides us fodder, fruits, firewood and many other resources.
7. Industries need specific type of trees. Afforestation helps us to grow a particular type of trees.

Students can Download Science Term 3 Chapter 6 Chemistry in Everyday Life Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Term 3 Chapter 6 Chemistry in Everyday Life

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Chemistry in Everyday Life Text Book Exercise

I. Choose the best answer:

Question 1.
The chemical mixed with LPG that helps in the detection of its leakage is …………………
(a) methanol
(b) ethanol
(c) camphor
(d) mercapton
Answer:
(d) mercapton

Question 2.
Which is known as syn gas?
(a) Marsh gas
(b) Water gas
(c) Producer gas
(d) Coal gas
Answer:
(b) Water gas

Question 3.
The unit of calorific value of fuel is …………………
(a) kilo joule per mole
(b) kilo joule per gram
(c) kilo joule per kilo gram
(d) joule per kilo gram
Answer:
(c) kilo joule per kilo gram

Question 4.
………………… is the coal of superior quality.
(a) Peat
(b) Lignite
(c) Bituminous
(d) Anthracite
Answer:
(d) Anthracite

Question 5.
The main component of natural gas is …………………
(a) methane
(b) ethane
(c) propane
(d) butane
Answer:
(a) methane

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Producer gas is a mixture of …………..
2. ………….. is known as marsh gas.
3. The term petroleum means …………..
4. Heating coal in the absence of air is called ……………
5. An example for fossil fuel is …………..

Answer:

1. Carbon monoxide and nitrogen
2. Methane
3. Rock oil
4. Destructive distillation
5. Coal

III. Match the following:

Question 1.

1. Octane rating – (a) Diesel
2. Cetane rating – (b) Methane
3. Simplest hydrocarbon – (c) Petrol
4. Peat – (d) Bown in colour
5. Lignite – (e) First stage coal

Answer:

1. c
2. a
3. b
4. e
5. d

IV. Answer briefly:

Question 1.
What do you mean by catenation?
Answer:
The property of carbon atom to form bonds with itself resulting in a single large structure or chain is called catenation.

Question 2.
Mention the advantages of natural gas.
Answer:

1. It produces lot of heat as it is easily burnt.
2. It does not leave any residue.
3. It bums without smoke and so causes no pollution.
4. This can be easily supplied through pipes.
5. It can be directly used as fuel in homes and industries.

Question 3.
Expand CNG. List out its uses.
Answer:
CNG – Compressed Natural Gas.

1. It is the cheapest and cleanest fuel.
2. Vehicles using this gas produce less carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emission.
3. It is less expensive than petrol and diesel.

Question 4.
Identify the gas known as syngas. Why is it called so?
Answer:
Water Gas is also called as syngas or synthesis gas as it is used to synthesize methanol and simple hydrocarbons. It is used as an industrial fuel also.

Question 5.
Anthracite is known as the highest grade coal. Give reason.
Answer:

1. Anthracite is the highest grade coal.
2. It has a very light weight and the highest heat content.
3. Anthracite coal is very hard, deep black and shiny.
4. It contains 86-97% carbon and has a heating value slightly higher than bituminous coal.
5. It bums longer with more heat and less dust.

Question 6.
Distinguish between octane number and cetane number.
Answer:
Octane Number:

1. Octane rating is used for petrol
2. It measures the amount of octane present in petrol
3. Octane number of petrol can be increased by adding benzene or toluene.
4. The fuel with high octane number has low cetane number

Cetane Number:

1. Cetane rating is used for diesel
2. It measures the ignition delay of the fuel in diesel engine.
3. Cetane number of diesel can be increased by adding acetone.
4. The fuel with high cetane number has low octane number

Question 7.
Name the places in Tamilnadu harnessing wind energy from wind mills.
Answer:
Wind mills are mostly located at Kayathar, Aralvaimozhi, Palladam and Kudimangalam in Tamil Nadu.

Question 8.
Solar energy is a non – depleting energy. Justify.
Answer:

1. Solar energy is the only viable fuel source of non – depleting nature for, Sun provides a free and renewable source of energy.
2. It is the renewable type of energy without endangering the environment.
3. It is the potential source to replace the fossil fuel in order to meet the needs of the world. With the advancements in science and technology, solar energy has become more affordable, and it can overcome energy crisis.

V. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
Explain the different types of coal.
Answer:
Lignite:

1. Lignite is a brown coloured coal of lowest grade.
2. It has least content of carbon. The carbon content of lignite is 25 – 35%.
3. Lignite contains a high amount of water and makes up almost half of our total coal reserves.
4. It is used for electricity generation.
5. It is used to generate synthetic natural gas and produce fertilizer products.

Sub-bituminous:

1. When lignite becomes darker and harder over time, sub-bituminous coal is formed.
2. Sub-bituminous coal is a black and dull coal.
3. It has higher heating value than lignite and contains 35-44% carbon.
4. It is used primarily as fuel for electricity power generation.
5. This coal has lower sulfur content than other types and bums cleaner.

Bituminous:

1. With more chemical and physical changes, sub-bituminous coal is developed into bituminous coal.
2. It is dark and hard. It contains 45-86% carbon. It has high heating value.
3. It is used to generate electricity.
4. Other important use of this coal is to provide coke to iron and steel industries.
5. By-products of this coal can be converted into different chemicals which are used to make paint, nylon and many other items.

Anthracite:

1. It is the highest grade coal. It is hard and dark black in colour.
2. It has a very light weight and the highest heat content.
3. Anthracite coal is very hard, deep black and shiny.
4. It contains 86-97% carbon and has a heating value slightly higher than bituminous coal.
5. It bums longer with more heat and less dust.

Question 2.
What is known as destructive distillation? Write about the products obtained from petroleum.
Answer:
Coal when heated in the absence of air does not bum but produces many by-products. This process of heating coal in the absence of air is called destructive distillation of coal.
Products obtained from petroleum:

1. Liquefied Petroleum Gas or LPG
2. Diesel and petrol
3. Kerosene
4. Lubricating oil
5. Paraffin
6. Bitumen or asphalt
7. Refinery Gas
8. Naphtha
9. Fuel Oil
10. Chemicals
11. Jet fuel
12. Waxes
13. Polishes

Question 3.
What are the different types of fuels?
Answer:
Fuels are classified into solid, liquid and gaseous fuels according to their physical state.
Solid fuels:

1. Fuels like wood and coal are in solid state and they are called solid fuels.
2. This type of fuel was the first one to be used by man.
3. These fuels are easy to store and transport.
4. The production cost is also very low.

Liquid fuels:

1. Most of the liquid fuels are derived from the fossil remains of dead plants and animals petroleum oil, coal tar and alcohol are some of the liquid fuels.
2. These fuels give more energy on burning and bum without ash.

Gaseous fuel:

1. Coal gas, oil gas, producer gas and hydrogen are some of the gaseous fuels.
2. It can be easily transported through pipes and they do not produce pollution.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Chemistry in Everyday Life Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Dead and decaying plants and animals release ………………… gas.
(a) propane
(b) butane
(c) methane
(d) pentane
Answer:
(c) methane

Question 2.
………………… is an odourless and highly inflammable gas.
(a) Propane
(b) Butane
(c) Ethane
(d) Methane
Answer:
(a) Propane

Question 3.
Which gas is used as fuels and solvents in the laboratory?
(a) Natural gas
(b) CNG
(c) Methane
(d) Butane
Answer:
(d) Butanel

Question 4.
Which of the following is referred as wood gas?
(a) Water gas
(b) Producer gas
(c) Coal gas
(d) None
Answer:
(b) Producer gas

Question 5.
Which is used in museums to protect the monuments?
(a) CNG
(b) Producer Gas
(c) Water gas
(d) Natural gas
Answer:
(d) Natural gas

Question 6.
………………… is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.
(a) Bio-gas
(b) Water gas
(c) Coal gas
(d) None
Answer:
(a) Bio-gas

Question 7.
………………… is a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
(a) Bio-gas
(b) Natural gas
(c) Water gas
(d) Producer gas
Answer:
(b) Natural gas

Question 8.
The breaking down of organic matter in an anaerobic condition leads to the formation of ………………….
(a) coal gas
(b) natural gas
(c) bio-gas
(d) CNG
Answer:
(c) Bio-gas

Question 9.
When lignite becomes darker and harder over time ………………… coal is formed.
(a) lignite
(b) bituminous
(c) anthracite
(d) sub-bituminous
Answer:
(d) sub-bituminous

Question 10.
Which one among the following is an extremely strong but lightweight material is used in mountain bikes and tennis rackets?
(a) Cotton fibre
(b) Carbon fibre
(c) Plastic fibre
(d) None
Answer:
(b) Carbon fibre

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Hydrogen gas obtained from natural gas is used in the production of …………….
2. Hydrocarbons are present in different ……………. and …………….
3. Hydrocarbons are less dense than …………….
4. Sewage sludge can also be decomposed by microorganisms to produce methane gas along with impurities like carbon dioxide and ……………..
5. ……………. can also be used as refrigerants.
6. ……………. is used as a fuel gas and propellant in aerosol sprays such as deodorants.
7. ……………. natural gas can be extracted through drilling wells.
8. ……………. coal is a black and dull coal.
9. ……………. is used to make face packs and cosmetics.
10. Activated carbon used in filters for water and air purification and in ……………. machines is obtained from coal.

Answer:

1. fertilizers
2. trees, plants
3. water
4. hydrogen sulphide
5. Propane
6. Butane
7. Conventional
8. Sub-bituminous
9. Activated charcoal
10. kidney dialysis

III. Write true or false- if false, write the correct statement:

Question 1.
Coal helps to create alumina refineries.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Coke is used in the preparation of dyes, explosives, paints synthetic fibers and pesticides.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
Coal tar is used in the preparation of dyes, explosives, paints, synthetic fibers and pesticides.

Question 3.
Coal is also known as black diamond owing to its precious nature.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Crude oil is used as a sealant for waterproofing various surfaces.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
The process of separating petroleum into useful by-products and removal of undesirable impurities is called distillation.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
The process of separating petroleum into useful by-products and removal of undesirable impurities is called refining.

IV. Match the following:

Question 1.

1. Hydrocarbons – (a) Marsh gas
2. Methane – (b) Cleanest fuel
3. Butane – (c) Catenation
4. CNG – (d) Polystryrene

Answer:

1. c
2. a
3. d
4. b

V. Short answer questions:

Question 1.
Write any 2 properties of hydrocarbons.
Answer:

1. Most of the hydrocarbons are insoluble in water.
2. Hydrocarbons are less dense than water. So they float on top of water.
3. Most hydrocarbons react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Question 2.
Write the uses of natural gas.
Answer:

1. Natural gas is used as an industrial and domestic fuel.
2. It is used in thermal power stations.
3. It is used as fuel in vehicles as an alternative for petrol and diesel.

Question 3.
Write a note on bio-gas.
Answer:

1. Bio-gas is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.
2. It is produced by the decomposition of plant and animal waste which form the organic matter.
3. The breaking down of organic matter in anaerobic condition (ie., in the absence of oxygen) leads to the formation of biogas.
4. It is an example for renewable source of energy.

Question 4.
What is surface mining?
Answer:
If the coal beds lie within 22 feet of the Earth’s surface, the top soil is removed and coal is dug out. This is called surface mining.

Question 5.
What is deep mining?
Answer:
In some places, coal beds are found very deep inside the Earth. In that case, underground tunnels are made to get this coal. This is called underground mining or deep mining.

Question 6.
Write a note on coke.
Answer:

1. Coke contains 98% carbon. It is porous, black and the purest form of coal.
2. It is a good fuel and burns without smoke.
3. It is largely used as a reducing agent in the extraction of metals from their ores.
4. It is also used in making fuel gases like producer gas and water gas which is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Question 7.
What are the characteristics of fuel?
Answer:

1. It should be readily available.
2. It should be easily transportable
3. It should be less expensive
4. It should have high calorific value
5. It should produce large amount of heat
6. It should not leave behind any undesirable substances.

Question 8.
Write a note on bio – diesel.
Answer:
Bio diesel is a fuel obtained from vegetable oils such as soya bean oil, jatropha oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, cotton seed oil, rice-bran oil and rubber seed oil.

VI. Long Answer type Questions:

Question 1.
What are the uses of coal?
Answer:

1. Coal is used to generate heat and electricity.
2. It is used to make derivatives of silicon which are used to make lubricants, water repellents, resins, cosmetics, hair shampoos and toothpaste.
3. Activated charcoal is used to make facepacks and cosmetics.
4. It is used to make paper.
5. It helps to create alumina refineries.
6. Carbon fibre is an extremely strong but lightweight material is used in construction, mountain bikes, and tennis rackets.
7. Activated carbon used in filters for water and air purification and in kidney dialysis machines is obtained from coal.

Question 2.
Explain destructive distillation of Coal.
Answer:

1. The destructive distillation of coal can be carried out in the laboratories.
2. Finely powdered coal is taken in a test tube and heated.
   • At a particular temperature, coal breaks down to produce coke, coal tar, ammonia and coal gas.
   • Coal tar is deposited at the bottom of the second test tube and coal gas escapes out through the side tube.
   • Ammonia produced is absorbed in the water, forming ammonium hydroxide.
   • Finally, a black residue called coke is left in the first tube.

Students can Download Science Chapter 7 Visual Communication Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 7 Visual Communication

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Visual Communication Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the appropriate answer :

Question 1.
Which is the example for an Wimation ?
(a) sound communication
(b) visual communication
(c) vector communication
(d) raster communication
Answer:
(b) visual communication

Question 2.
Who uses the Photoshop software more?
(a) Teacher
(b) Doctor
(c) Painter
(d) Photographer
Answer:
(d) Photographer

Question 3.
Which option is used in the Microsoft Photostory to upload the photos?
(a) Begin a Story
(b) Import Pictures
(c) Settings
(d) View your Story
Answer:
(b) Import Pictures

Question 4.
Which technology shows the computer-drawn pictures as real picture.
(a) Inkscape
(b) Photo Story
(c) Virtual Reality
(d) Adobe Illustrator
Answer:
(c) Virtual Reality

Question 5.
Which technology uses pixels to create pictures
(a) Vector
(b) Raster
(c) both
(d) None
Answer:
(b) Raster

Question 6.
Which software is used to create symbols
(a) Photoshop
(b) Illustrator
(c) Vector Graphics
(d) Photostory
Answer:
(c) Vector Graphics

II. Match the following:

Answer:

1. b
2. c
3. e
4. a
5. d

III. Answer the following Questions.

Question 1.
What is Raster Graphics?
Answer:

1. Raster Graphics are created on the basis of PIXELS.
2. The photos taken by camera and the photos scanned by a scanner are of the Raster type.
3. When we enlarge this type of photos we could see the pictures as rectangular layers or grids.

Question 2.
Write notes on 2D and 3D pictures.
Answer:
The two dimensional 2D images have only the two dimensions – length and height. But three dimensional images (3D) have length, height and width. 3D images appear in front of our eyes like it happens in the real world.

Question 3.
Differentiate between Raster and Vector
Answer:

Question 4.
With the help of Microsoft Photostory how will you create a video on a photostory?
Answer:
Microsoft Photostory can be used to make videos using photos. First we have to upload
the photos and then select music for the video.
Step 1: Open the application of ‘Microsoft Photostory’. In that select ‘Begin A New Story’ and click on Next.
Step 2: Click ‘Import Picture’ in the next screen. Now, the files in our computer will appear. Select Saved pictures for video.
Step 3: Now we can input small text which is apt to the pictures. Then click on ‘Next’ and give animation to the videos. We can give audio effect also to these images. After finishing this click on ‘Next”.
Step 4 : To provide background music, we can select a music file through “Select Music” and click on “Next”.
Step 5: Next select a title for the story and select the place where it has to be saved in your computer. Then, through SETTINGS, change the format of the video.
Step 6: Now our video is ready to view. Click ‘VIEW YOUR STORY’. You can see your video now.

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Science Visual Communication Additional Questions

I. Choose the appropriate answer

Question 1.
Name the software which is used to beautify edit photos _________
(a) Photoshop
(b) paint
(c) Scratch
(d) Notepad
Answer:
(a) Photoshop

Question 2.
The output we get from any application is commonly referred as _________
(a) folder
(b) file
(c) Box
(d) Archive
Answer:
(b) file

Question 3.
_________ is a storage space that contains multiple files.
(a) Folder
(b) File
(c) Record
(d) Archire
Answer:
(a) Folder

Question 4.
_____ button at the left corner of the computer, it shows the list of all programs in the computer.
(a) Stop
(b) Start
(c) Begin
(d) New
Answer:
(b) Start

Question 5.
______ app used to draw and edit pictures.
(a) Paint
(b) Colout
(c) Art
(d) Picture
Answer:
(a) Paint

II. Match the following:

Answer:

1. e
2. a
3. d
4. b
5. c

III. Answer the following :

Question 1.
What is ‘Photoshop’?
Answer:
Photoshop is a software used to beautify and edit the photos. It is used by photographers.

Question 2.
Write is difference between a file and a folder?
Answer:

Question 3.
Write the types of vector Graphics files.
Answer:
Types of Vector Graphics Files

1. .eps (Encapsulated Post Script)
2. .ai (Adobe Illustrator Artwork)
3. .pdf (Portable Document Format)
4. .svg (Scalable Vector Graphics)
5. .sketch

Question 4.
Name the softwares used to edit the Vector Graphics Images.
Answer:

1. Adobe Illustrator
2. Sketch
3. Inkscape.

Question 5.
Name the types of pictures?
Answer:
Pictures are of two types

1. Vector
2. Raster

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science History Solutions Term 3 Chapter 3 Jainism, Buddhism and Ajivika Philosophy in Tamil Nadu

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Jainism, Buddhism and Ajivika Philosophy in Tamil Nadu Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Where was the first Jain Council held to codify the Jaina canon?
(a) Pataliputra
(b) Vallabhi
(c) Mathura
(d) Kanchipuram
Answer:
(a) Pataliputra

Question 2.
In which language was Agama sutras written?
(a) Ardha-Magadhi Prakrit
(b) Hindi
(c) Sanskrit
(d) Pali
Answer:
(a) Ardha-Magadhi Prakrit

Question 3.
Which of the following was patronised by the Kalabhras?
(a) Buddhism
(b) Jainism
(c) Ajivikas
(d) Hinduism
Answer:
(b) Jainism

Question 4.
Where are the Rock beds found with no head-rests?
(a) Vellore
(b) Kanchipuram
(c) Sittanavasal
(d) Madurai
Answer:
(a) Vellore

Question 5.
Who is believed to have built the Kazhugumalai Rock-Cut Temple?
(a) Mahendra Varman
(b) Parantaka Nedunchadayan
(c) Parantaka Veera Narayana Pandyan
(d) Harihara II
Answer:
(b) Parantaka Nedunchadayan

II. Fill in the Blanks

1. The image of is considered to be the tallest Jain image in Tamil Nadu.
2. Buddhacharita was written by .
3. Chinese traveller Huein Tsang visited Pallava country in century.
4. describes Buddhism as a religion in decay.
5. The Mauryan emperor Asoka and his grandson Dasarata patronised .

Answer:

1. Neminatha
2. Asvaghosa
3. 7th
4. Mahendravarman’s Mattavilasa Prahasana
5. Ajivikas

III. Match the following

Answer:

VI. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Find out the odd one
Tiruparuttikunram, Kizha Kuyil Kudi, Kazhugumalai, Nagapattinam, Sittanavasal.
Answer:
Nagapattinam

Question 2.
Assertion (A): Gautama found that he had nothing to learn from the teachers of the old religions.
Reason (R): The religions proclaimed that the only way to salvation was through living the life of an ascetic.
(a) A is correct. R is the correct explanation of A
(b) A is correct. R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) Both A and R are wrong. (d) A is wrong. But R is correct.
Answer:
(a) A is correct. R is the correct explanation of A

Question 3.
Find out the correct statement/s

1. During the 6th century B.C. as many as 62 religious schools flourished in India.
2. ‘Palli’ is an educational centre of Buddhists.
3. Royal patronage allowed pre-Muslim India to become a land of vihars.
4. The Ajivikas continued to exist till 15th century.

(a) i) and iii) are correct
(b) i), ii) and iv) are correct.
(c) i) and ii) are correct
(d) ii), iii) and iv) are correct.
Answer:
(a) i) and iii) are correct

Question 4.
Find out the wrong pair/s

1. Parshvanatha – 22nd Tirthankara
2. Mahabashya – the Ceylonese Chroniclei
3. Visuddhimagga – Buddhagosha
4. Buddha – Eight-fold Path

Answer:

1. Parshvanatha – 22nd Tirthankara

V. True or False

1. The 12th Agama Sutra is said to have been lost.
2. Throughout history, Ajivikas had to face persecution everywhere.
3. Education was imparted in institutions of Jains irrespective of caste and creed.
4. Nalanda, Taxila and Vikramashila gained reputation as pilgrim centres.
5. Buddhism faced challenges from Saiva and Vaishnava sects from the Chola period onwards.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. False

VI. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Make a list of the Five Great Vows of Jainism.
Answer:
Five Great Vows of Jainism:

1. Non-violence – Ahimsa
2. Truth – Satya
3. Non-stealing – Achaurya
4. Celibacy/Chastity – Brahmacharya
5. Non-possession – Aparigraha.

Question 2.
What are the four noble truths of Buddha?
Answer:

1. Life includes pain, getting old, disease, and ultimately death.
2. Suffering is caused by craving and aversion.
3. Suffering can be overcome and happiness attained.
4. True happiness and contentment are possible, if one pursues the eight-fold path.

Question 3.
Explain the three divisions of Tripitaka.
Answer:

1. The Pali canon Tripitaka has three divisions, also known as the Threefold Basket. They include Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka and Abhidhamma Pitaka.
2. Vinaya Pitaka contains the rules of the order of Buddhist monks, which must be observed for achieving purity of conduct.
3. Sutta Pitaka lays down the principles of religion by citing discourses as evidence.
4. Abhidhamma Pitaka is the latest of the Tripitaka. It deals with ethics, philosophy and meta-physics.

Question 4.
Highlight the importance of Sittanavasal.
Answer:

1. Sittanavasal cave in Pudukkottai district is located on a prominent rock that stands 70 m above the ground.
2. It has a natural cavern, known as Eladipattam, at one end, and a rock-cut cave temple at the other.
3. The largest of these ascetic beds contains a Tamil-Brahmi inscription that dates to the 2nd century B.C.
4. The Sittanavasal cave temple, named Arivar Koil, lies on the west off the hillock. The facade of the temple is simple, with four rock-cut columns.
5. Constructed in the early Pandya period, in the 7th century A.D. , it has a hall in the front called the Ardha-mandapam.

VII. Answer in detail.

Question 1.
Enumerate the sources of study for Jainism and Buddhism.
Answer:

Sources of Jainism:

1. Mahaviras preaching was orally transmitted by his disciples over the course of about .one thousand years.
2. In the early period of Jainism, monks strictly followed the five great vows of Jainism. Even religious scriptures were considered possessions and therefore knowledge of the religion was never documented.
3. Two hundred years after the death of Mahavira, Jain scholars attempted to codify the canon by convening an assembly at Pataliputra, but it ended as a failure.
4. A second council held at Vallabhi, in the 5th century A.D., was, however, successful in
5. Over time, many learned monks, older in age and rich in wisdom, had compiled commentaries on various topics.

Sources of Buddhism:

1. Buddhas teachings for a long time were transmitted through the memory of teachers and disciples.
2. They were reduced to writing by 80 B.C. and were written in the Pali language.
3. The Pali canon Tripitaka has three divisions, also known as the Threefold Basket. They include Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka and Abhidhamma Pitaka.

Question 2.
Give an account of relics of Jainism and Buddhism that have come to light in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
Jains in Kanchipuram:

1. Jainism flourished during the Pallava reign.
2. The two Jain temples in Kanchipuram are Trilokyanatha Jinaswamy Temple at Tiruparuttikunram and the Chandra Prabha temple dedicated to the Tirtankara named Chandra Prabha.
3. Mural paintings in the temples show scenes from the lives of Tirtankaras.
4. In the Kanchipuram district, Jain vestiges have been found over the years in many villages across the state.

Kazhugumalai Jain Rock-cut Temple:

1. The Kazhugumalai temple in Thoothukudi district marks the revival of Jainism in Tamil Nadu.
2. Polished rock-cut cave beds, popularly known as Panchavar Padukkai at Kazhugumalai cavern host the figures of Tirtankaras and also the figures of yakshas and yakshis. Jain temples have also been excavated in the districts of Vellore, Tiruvannamalai and Madurai.

Buddhism in Tamilzhakam:

1. Buddhism is believed to have spread to the Tamil country by the Ceylonese missionaries.
2. The monuments are in caverns known as Pancha Pandava Malai.
3. Chudamani Vihara of Nagapattinam was constructed by the Srivijaya king with the patronage of Rajaraja Chola.
4. In the field of education, Buddhist Sanghas and Viharas served as centers of education.
5. Nalanda, Taxila and Vikramshila gained reputation as great educational centres. They were originally Buddhist Viharas.
6. Excavations of Buddhist Vihara and a temple at Kaveripoompattinam and hundreds of stone and bronze sculptures by ASI from over 125 sites have proved the spread of the religion in the state.

Question 3.
Discuss the essence of Ajivika philosophy and its presence in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
Ajivika Philosophy:

1. The Ajivikas believed in the doctrine of karma, transmigration of the soul and determinism.
2. The Ajivikas practiced asceticism of a severe type.
3. The Ajivika religious order and school of philosophy is known from the vedic hymns, the Brahmanas, the Aryankas and other ancient Sanskrit compilations.
4. Throughout history, Ajivikas had to face persecution everywhere.
5. Village communities under Pallavas, Cholas and Hoysalas imposed special taxes on them.
6. Despite such obstacles, Ajivikas continued to have influence along the Palar river in the modern states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu (Vellore, Kanchipuramand Tiruvallur districts) till about the 14th century. In the end, they seemed to have been absorbed into Vaishnavism.

VIII. HOTS.

Question 1.
Analyse the commonalities and differences between heterodox religions and Vedic religion.
Answer:
Heterodox religions and Vedic religion commonalities:
Hinduism is a way of life, while heterodox religions like Buddhism and Jainism advocate a way of life. All the religions doctrines are codified into texts to be followed by their devotees and practitioners. All these religions share key concepts, which one interpreted differently by different individuals.
Differences:

Question 2.
Why did these heterodox religions fail to become mainstream religion in India?
Answer:

1. As far as Buddhism was concerned, if declined due to the loss of patronage and donation after the end of the Gupta Empire.
2. Invasion of north India by Huns, Turco Mongols and Persians was yet-another reason.
3. In the case of Jainism Lack of Patronage, Lack of efforts to spread the religion. Jains adopted many Hindu faiths. Jains started to differentiate people in the name of castes and classes.
4. Role of Hindu teachers was also another reason for the failure of these religions in India.

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Jainism, Buddhism and Ajivika Philosophy in Tamil Nadu Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Agama Sutras consists of many sacred books of the ______ religion
(a) Jain
(b) Buddhist
(c) Vedic
(d) Sikh
Answer:
(a) Jain

Question 2.
The______ Agama Sutra is said to have been lost.
(a) 3rd
(b) 8th
(c) 12th
(d) 10th
Answer:
(c) 12th

Question 3.
______ was the last and the 24th Tirthankara.
(a) Parshvanatha
(b) Mahavira
(c) Bhadrabahu
(d) Pushpasena
Answer:
(b) Mahavira

Question 4.
Jainism flourished during the ________ reign.
(a) Pandya
(b) Chera
(c) Chola
(d) Pallava
Answer:
(d) Pallava

Question 5.
The total population of jains in tamil nadu is _______ percent of the total population
(a) 1.2
(b) 0.50
(c) 0.12
(d) 0.26
Answer:
(c) 0.12

Question 6.
Tirumalai is a Jain temple in a cave complex located in ________ district.
(a) Madurai
(b) Tiruvannamalai
(c) Salem
(d) Tirunelveli
Answer:
(b) Tiruvannamalai

Question 7.
Milindapanha was originally written in ________
(a) Sanskrit
(b) Pali
(c) Hindi
(d) Urdu
Answer:
(a) Sanskrit

Question 8.
Students from Tibet and China were influenced by ________
(a) Jainism
(b) Buddhism
(c) Hinduism
(d) Sikhism
Answer:
(b) Buddhism

Question 9.
Buddhist Viharas later transformed into ________
(a) temples
(b) hospital
(c) centres of learning
(d) forts
Answer:
(c) centres of learning

Question 10.
In the end, they seemed to have been absorbed into ________
(a) Jainism
(b) Sikhism
(c) Saivism
(d) Vishnavism
Answer:
(d) Vishnavism

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Both the Digambaras and the Swetambaras generally acknowledge the _______ to be their early literature.
2. The _______ of Kalpa Sutra is a Jain text containing the biographies of the Jain Tirtankaras
3. Tamils broadly come under ______ sects of jainism
4. The Sittanavasal cave temple has a natural cavern, known as ______
5. The Sittanavasal cave temple, named ______ lies on the west off the hillock.
6. The Chinese traveller ______ visited Tamil Nadu during the Pallava rule.
7. Polished rock-cut cave beds at Kazhugumalai were popularly known as ______
8. ______ is a Jain temple in a cave complex located near Arni town.
9. The sculptures at Kizha Kuyil Kudi are assigned to the period of ______
10. ______ is an educational centre of Jains.
11. Buddha’s original name ______
12. Gautama Buddha was a contemporary of ______
13. Buddha means the _______
14. Buddha preached his teachings in ______
15. Buddha’s teachings were written in the _____ Language
16. ______ is the first Buddhist Commentator.
17. The Tamil epic _____ was written by Kulavanigan Sithalai Sattanar.
18. A 1.03 metre Buddha statue in _______ pose in remote Tirunattiyattankudi village.
19. A ______ in Sanskrit means ‘dwelling’ or ‘house’.
20. The head of Ajivika sect was ______

Answer:

1. Agatna Sutras
2. Jainacharitha
3. Digambara
4. Eladipattam
5. Arivar Koil
6. Hieun Tsang
7. Panchavar Padukkai
8. Tirumalai
9. Prantaka veera Narayana Pandyan
10. Palli
11. Siddhartha Sakyamuni Gautama
12. Mahavira
13. Enlightened
14. Prakrit
15. Pali
16. Buddhagosha
17. Manimekalai
18. padmasana
19. Vihara
20. Gosala Mankhaliputta

III. Match the following:

Answer:

1. c
2. e
3. a
4. b
5. d

IV. Answer the following.

Question 1.
Find out the odd one out.
Jatakas, Mahavamsa, Jivaka Chintamani, Visuddhimagga
Answer:
Jivaka Chintamani

Question 2.
Assertion (A): A major split occurred in Jainism in the 1st century B.C. into two sects.
Reason (R): Both the sects acknowledge the Agama Sutras to be their early literature, but differed with their content and interpretation.
(a) A is correct. R is not the correct explanation of A
(b) A is correct. R is the correct explanation of A.
(c) Both A and R are wrong. (d) A is wrong. But R is correct.
Answer:
(b) A is correct. R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 3.
Find out the correct statement/s
Answer:

1. The 12th Agama Sutra is said to have been lost.
2. Naladiyar is attributed to a Buddhist monk
3. Vajrabodhi was a Buddhist monk skilled in tantric rituals.
4. Emperor Asoka and his grandson Dasaratha patronised Jainism,

(a) i) and ii) are correct
(b) ii) and iii) are correct.
(c) i) and iii) are correct
(d) i), ii) and iv) are correct.
Answer:
(c) i) and iii) are correct

Question 4.
Find out the wrong

Answer:
(2) Thevaram – Azhwars,
(3) Nalayira Divyaprabandam – Saiva saints

V. Write True or False

1. Buddhism split into two sects Digambaras and Swetambaras.
2. The Jainacharitha of Kalpa Sutra is ascribed to Bhadrabahu.
3. Thirukkural was composed by Tiruvalluvar, believed to be a Jain scholar.
4. The images of Rishab Nath, Mahavira, Parshvanath and Bahubali are found in Bhairavamalai.
5. Buddhavamsa contains a narration of the life and activities of the 24 Buddhas.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True

VI. Answer the following.

Question 1.
Why did the Jain monks decide to document the Jain literature known to them?
Answer:

1. The Jain acharyas (teachers) realised that it was extremely difficult to keep memorising the entire Jain literature complied by the many scholars of the past and present.
2. In fact, significant knowledge was already lost and the rest was tampered with modifications. Hence, they decided to document the Jain literature as known to them.

Question 2.
Write a short note on Agama Sutras.
Answer:

1. Agama Sutras consists of many sacred books of the Jain religion.
2. They have been written in the Ardha-magadhi Prakrit language.
3. Containing the direct preaching of Mahavira, consisting of 12 texts, they were originally compiled by immediate disciples of Mahavira.
4. The 12th Agama Sutra is said to have been lost.

Question 3.
Who are Tirthankaras?
Answer:
Tirthankaras are those who have attained nirvana and made a passage from this world to the next.

Question 4.
Who expanded the Trilokyanatha Temple and how?
Answer:
Irugappa, a disciple of Jaina-muni Pushpasena; and a minister of Vijayanagar King Harihara II (1377-1404), expanded the Trilokyanatha Temple by adding the Sangeetha mandapa. The grand murals were added only at this time.

Question 5.
How were the paintings at Trilokyanatha temple ruined?
Answer:
The paintings of the Trilokyanatha temple at Tiruparuttikunram have been ruined by overpainting done during renovation.

Question 6.
What literary work in Tamil provided evidence to the challenges Buddhism faced?
Answer:
The Thevaram hymns of Saiva saints and the Nalayira Divyaprabandam of Vaishnava Azhwars provided evidence to the challenges Buddhism faced in Tamil country.

Question 7.
What testify the presence of Buddhism in later period?
Answer:
The presence of Virasozhiyam, Later Chola period grammar text and the discovery of 13th century Buddhist bronzes in Nagapattinam testify to the presence of Buddhism in later periods. The sculptures of Buddha in Thiyaganur village in Salem district strengthen this conclusion.

VII. Answer in detail

Question 1.
Narrate the transition of Gautama Buddha.
Answer:

1. Buddha’s original name, Siddhartha Sakyamuni Gautama, if translated into English, would mean Gautama who belongs to the Sakya tribe and who has reached the goal of perfection.
2. Gautama Buddha was a contemporary of Mahavira.
3. His father ruled the tribe of Sakya in a region near the present-day Nepal.
4. Gautama found that he had nothing to learn from the teachers of the old religions.
5. The religions proclaimed that the only way to salvation was through living the life of an ascetic. But despite practicing asceticism, Gautama could not arrive anywhere near the truth. And one night, as he sat under a bodhi-tree struggling with his doubt and his loneliness, a great peace descended on him.
6. He was no longer Gautama, the sceptic, but became Buddha, the Enlightened.

Students can Download English Poem 2 Lesson in Life Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf  helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Term 1 Poem Chapter 2 Lesson in Life

A. Comprehension Questions.

Question 1.
What is planting a flower is compared to?
Answer:
Planting a flower is compared to the blossoming of a friendship.

Question 2.
What does the tiniest creature need?
Answer:
Even the tiniest creature needs space in the world.

Question 3.
What do the smallest gifts deserve?
Answer:
Even the smallest gifts deserve a warm thank you.

Question 4.
What will happen if you fail to give importance to others?
Answer:
If we fail to give importance to others, they will feel sad.

Question 5.
What do you learn from your lessons in life?
Answer:
I express my friendship with others by respecting them.

Question 6.
Pick and write the rhyming words from the third stanza.
Answer:
‘sad’ and ‘bad’ are the rhyming words.

Question 7.
“Having a friend is like planting a flower”
What is the figure of speech used in this line?
Answer:
The figure of speech used in this line is “simile”.

Figures of speech.

a. Simile: Answer the following:

Question 1.
Write a sentence using ‘as fast as the wind’.
Answer:
He runs as fast as the wind.

Question 2.
Write a simile using the word ‘like’.
Answer:
They fought like cats and dogs.

Question 3.
Create a simile using the word ‘as’.
Answer:
As sweet as honey.

Question 4.
What does ‘smart as a fox’ mean?
Answer:
It means to be clever or cunning as a fox.

b. Metaphor:

Question 1.
Which of the given options is a Metaphor?
(a) Life is like a chocolate box.
(b) Raj is like his twin brother
(c) His words are pearls of wisdom
(d) The bus is slow as a snail.
Answer:
(c) His words are pearls of wisdom.

Question 2.
What does ‘The world is a stage” mean?
Answer:
The world is like a stage where all of us are merely actors.

Question 3.
Identify the Metaphor in the sentence:
Answer:
Her hair is always a rat’s nest in the morning, a Hair is always a rat’s nest.

Question 4.
Write a sentence on your own that includes a Metaphor.
Answer:
He was a lion in the battle.

Lesson in Life Additional Questions

I. Poem Comprehension.

Question 1.
Let’s be aware as we walk on this planet
Even the tiniest creature needs room.
(a) What should we aware of ?
Answer:
We should be aware that even the tiniest creature needs room.
(b) What do you mean by the term ‘as we walk on this planet’?
Answer:
It means that as long ‘as we live in this world’.

Question 2.
Lessons in life aren’t always so simple Nothing you’re given will ever come free
(a) Are ‘lessons in life’ simple?
Answer:
No, lessons in life are not so simple.
(b) What does the second line mean?
Answer:
It means that you are not going to get anything free of cost.

Question 3.
Even the smallest of gifts deserves “thank you”.
What should you say, even when receive a small gift?
Answer:
We should say ‘thank you’.

Question 4.
Know that you matter and you make a difference
(a) What does the above line tell us?
Answer:
The above line tells us that every human being is unique and important

II. Poetic Devices.

Question 1.
Having a friend is like planting a flower
(a) What is the poetic device used here?
Answer:
Simile is used here.

Question 2.
Lessons in life aren’t always so simple
(a) Pick out the alliterated words.
Answer:
Lessons – life; so – simple are the alliterated words.

Question 3.
Having a friend is like planting a flower
Show love and kindness it one day will bloom
Let’s be aware as we walk on this planet
Even the tiniest creature needs room.
(a) Mention the rhyme scheme in this stanza.
Answer:
‘abcb’ is the rhyme scheme in this stanza.

III. Short Questions and Answers.

Question 1.
How can having a friend be like planting a flower?
Answer:
Both friendship and planting flowers will bloom one day, when we show love, kindness and care every day.

Question 2.
When do we feel sad?
Answer:
We feel sad when people don’t remember us.

Question 3.
How does the poet explain that everyone is important?
Answer:
The poet says that everyone is important and each makes a difference. Since we are important we must not allow others to shame us or make us feel bad.

Question 4.
Why do you think the second stanza has been repeated as the 4 stanza?
Answer:
The message that we learn a lot of lessons in life after going through difficulty and that if anyone gives us even a very small present, it is not without effort, the importance of gratitude in life and respect for people, have been repeated.

Question 5.
To whom does T and’You’refer to?
Answer:
I refers to the poet and you refers to the reader.

IV. Paragraph Questions with Answers.

Question 1.
How should we treat a flowering plant and true friendship?
Answer:
The poet compares planting flowers to maintaining friendship, because both need care, kindness and love to blossom. We must understand that as we move on this planet, every living thing, even the smallest needs its own space. Nothing is free of cost, either hard work, a lot of thought or money are involved in the gift. So we must learn to thank the person, who gives a gift and respect human beings.

Question 2.
What is the importance of human beings on earth?
Answer:
Every human being is unique. He/she deserves to be respected. When one is forgotten by the other, it makes him feel very sad. Every person makes a difference in life and his presence is needed. We must never put anyone to shame and no one has the authority to make others feel bad about themselves. We must respect and treat everyone well and be considerate towards others.

Lesson in Life Summary

In the poem Lessons in life the poets Daniel Ho and Bridgette Bryant bring out the importance of friendship in life and they add value to it by comparing it to the episode of planting flowers.

Just like making a flower bloom, friendship also blossoms only when there is constant care, love and kindness showered on them for a long period of time. Lessons that are taught by life come out of facing great difficulty. Similarly every small gift has a great deal of effort behind it. One should respect it and never forget to say ‘thank you’. We feel sad when we are forgotten by others and similarly others feel sad when they are forgotten. Everyone is unique and no one must be put to shame.

The poets repeat the values of gratitude, love and respect in the final stanza to make everyone understand that without these, no one can live happily. Hence happy friendship blossoms and planting flowers bloom only with love and kindness reciprocated.