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Students can Download Accountancy Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Solutions Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Retirement and Death of a Partner Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

12th Accountancy 6th Chapter Solutions Question 1.
A partner retires from the partnership firm on 30^th June. He is liable for all the acts of the firm up to the …………………..
(a) End of the current accounting period
(b) End of the previous accounting period
(c) Date of his retirement
(d) Date of his final settlement
Answer:
(c) Date of his retirement

12th Accountancy Chapter 6 Question 2.
On the retirement of a partner from a partnership firm, accumulated profits and losses are distributed to the partners on the basis of …………………
(a) New profit sharing ratio
(b) Old profit sharing ratio
(c) Gaining ratio
(d) Sacrificing ratio
Answer:
(b) Old profit sharing ratio

12th Accountancy Chapter 6 Solutions Question 3.
On the retirement of a partner, general reserve will be transferred to the …………………..
(a) Capital account of all the partners
(b) Revaluation account
(c) Capital account of the continuing partners
(d) Memorandum revaluation account
Answer:
(a) Capital account of all the partners

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Guide Question 4.
On revaluation, the increase in liabilities leads to
(a) Gain
(b) Loss
(c) Profit
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Loss

Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 6 Solutions Question 5.
At the time of retirement of a partner, determination of gaining ratio is required …………………..
(a) To transfer revaluation profit or loss
(b) To distribute accumulated profits and losses
(c) To adjust goodwill
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) To adjust goodwill

Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 6 Retirement Solutions Question 6.
The final amount due to a retiring partner is not paid immediately, it is transferred to …………………..
(a) Bank A/c
(b) Retiring partner’s capital A/c
(c) Retiring partner’s loan A/c
(d) Other partners’ capital A/c
Answer:
(c) Retiring partner’s loan A/c

12 Accountancy Book Samacheer Kalvi Question 7.
‘A’ was a partner in a partnership firm. He died on 31st March 2019. The final amount due to him is ₹ 25,000 which is not paid immediately. It will be transferred to …………………..
(a) A’s capital account
(b) A’s loan account
(c) A’s Executor’s account
(d) A’s Executor’s loan account
Answer:
(d) A’s Executor’s loan account

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Solutions Question 8.
A, B and C are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 2:2:1. On retirement of B, goodwill of the firm was valued as ₹ 30,000. Find the contribution of A and C to compensate B:
(a) ₹ 20,000 and ₹ 10,000
(b) ₹ 8,000 and ₹ 4,000
(c) ₹ 10,000 and ₹ 20,000
(d) ₹ 15,000 and ₹ 15,000
Answer:
(b) ₹ 8,000 and ₹ 4,000

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Book Question 9.
A, B and C are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 4:2:3. C retires. The new profit sharing ratio between A and B will be ………………….
(a) 4:3
(b) 3:4
(c) 2:1
(d) 1:2
Answer:
(c) 2:1

12th Accountancy Samacheer Kalvi Question 10.
X, Y and Z were partners sharing profits and losses equally. X died on 1st April 2019. Find out the share of X in the profit of 2019 based on the profit of 2018 which showed ₹ 36,000.
(a) ₹ 1,000
(b) ₹ 3,000
(c) ₹ 12,000
(d) ₹ 36,000
Answer:
(b) ₹ 3,000

II. Very Short Answer Questions

12th Accountancy Solutions Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
What is meant by retirement of a partner?
Answer:
When a partner leaves from partnership firm it is known as retirement. The reasons for the retirement of a partner may be illness, old age and disagreement with other partners, etc.

Samacheer Kalvi 12 Accountancy Guide Question 2.
What is gaining ratio?
Answer:
Gaining ratio is the proportion of the profit which is gained by the continuing partner. Gaining ratio = Ratio of share gained by the continuing partners.
Share gained = New share – Old share

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 12th Accountancy Question 3.
What is the purpose of calculating gaining ratio?
Answer:
The purpose of finding the gaining ratio is to bear the goodwill to be paid to the retiring partner.

Samacheer Kalvi Accountancy 12th Question 4.
What is the journal entry to be passed to transfer the amount due to the deceased partner to the executor of the deceased partner?
Answer:

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
List out the adjustments made at the time of retirement.
Answer:
(a) Distribution of accumulated profits, reserves and losses
(b) Revaluation of assets and liabilities
(c) Determination of new profit sharing ratio and gaining ratio
(d) Adjustment for goodwill
(e) Adjustment for current year’s profit or loss up to the date of retirement
(f) Settlement of the amount due to the retiring partner

Question 2.
Distinguish between sacrificing ratio and gaining ratio.
Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accounts Guide Question 3.
What are the ways in which the final amount due to an outgoing partner can be settled?
Answer:
The amount due to the retiring partner may be settled in one of the following ways:

• Paying the entire amount due immediately in cash
• Transfer the entire amount due to the loan account of the partner
• Paying part of the amount immediately in cash and transferring the balance to the loan account of the partner.

IV. Exercises

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Question 1.
Dheena, Surya and Janaki are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2. On 31.3.2018, Dheena retired. On the date of retirement, the books of the firm showed a reserve fund of ₹ 50,000. Pass journal entry to transfer the reserve fund.
Answer:
Journal Entries

12th Samacheer Kalvi Accountancy Solution Book Question 2.
Rosi, Rathi and Rani are partners of a firm sharing profits and losses equally. Rathi retired from the partnership on 1.1.2018. On that date, their balance sheet showed accumulated loss of ? 45,000 on the asset side of the balance sheet. Give the journal entry to distribute the accumulated loss.
Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 12 Accountancy Question 3.
Akash, Mugesh and Sanjay are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2:1. Their balance sheet as on 31st March, 2017 is as follows:
Answer:
Pass journal entry to transfer accumulated Profit and prepare the capital account of the partners.

Capital Account

12th Accountancy Answer Pdf Question 4.
Roja, Neela and Kanaga are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4:3:3. On 1st April 2017, Roja retires and on retirement, the following adjustments are agreed upon:
(i) Increase the value of building by ₹ 30,000.
(ii) Depreciate stock by ₹ 5,000 and furniture by ₹ 12,000.
(iii) Provide an outstanding liability of ₹ 1,000 Pass journal entries and prepare revaluation account.
Answer:
Revaluation Account
Journal Entries

Chapter 6 Retirement Of A Partner Solutions Question 5.
Vinoth, Karthi and Pranav are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2:2:1. Pranav retires from partnership on 1st April 2018. The following adjustments are to be made:
(i) Increase the value of land and building by ₹ 18,000
(ii) Reduce the value of machinery by ₹ 15,000
(iii) A provision would also be made for outstanding expenses for ₹ 8,000.
Give journal entries and prepare revaluation account.
Answer:
Revaluation Account

Question 6.
Chandru, Vishal and Ramanan are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses equally. Their balance sheet as on 31st March, 2018 is as follows:
Ramanan retired on 31 st March 2019 subject to the following conditions:

(i) Machinery is valued at ₹ 1,50,000
(ii) Value of furniture brought down by ₹ 10,000
(iii) Provision for doubtful debts should be increased to ₹ 5,000
(iv) Investment of ₹ 30,000 not recorded in the books is to be recorded now.
Pass necessary journal entries and prepare revaluation account and capital account of partners
Answer:
Revaluation Account

Capital Account

Question 7.
Kayal, Mala and Neela are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 2:2:1. Kayal retires and the new profit sharing ratio between Nila and Neela is 3:2. Calculate the gaining ratio.
Answer:
New Profit Sharing Ratio and Gaining Ratio
Gain Ratio = New Ratio – Old Ratio
Kayal –
Mala = \(\frac { 3 }{ 2 }\) – \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) – \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\)
Neela = \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) – \(\frac { 1 }{ 5}\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\)
Gaining Ratio = 1:1

Question 8.
Sunil, Sumathi and Sundari are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 3:3:4. Sundari retires and her share is taken up entirely by Sunil. Calculate the new profit sharing ratio and gaining ratio.
Answer:
New Ratio – Old Ratio
Sunil = \(\frac { 3 }{ 10 }\) + \(\frac { 4 }{ 10 }\) = \(\frac { 7 }{ 10 }\)
(Sundari share is added with old ratio)
Sumathi = \(\frac { 3 }{ 10 }\)
New Ratio = 7 : 3
Sacrificing Ratio = 1:1

Question 9.
Ramu, Somu and Gopu are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 3:5:7. Gopu retires and the share is purchased by Ramu and Somu in the ratio of 3:1. Find the new profit sharing ratio and gaining ratio.
Answer:

Question 10.
Navin, Ravi and Kumar are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 1/2,1/4 and 1/4 respectively, Kumar retires and his share is taken up by Navin and Ravi equally. Calculate the new profit sharing ratio and gaining ratio.
Answer:

Question 11.
Mani, Gani and Soni are partners sharing the profits and losses in the ratio of 4:5:6. Mani retires from the firm. Calculate the new profit sharing ratio and gaining ratio.
Answer:
Since new profit sharing ratio, share gained and the proportion of share gained is not given, the new share is calculated by assuming that the share gained is in the proportion of old ratio.

Question 12.
Rajan, Suman and Jegan were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4:3:2. Suman retired from partnership. The goodwill of the firm on the date of retirement was valued at ₹ 45,000. Pass necessary journal entries for goodwill on the assumption that the fluctuating capital method is followed.
Answer:
Value of Goodwill = 45,000 x \(\frac { 3 }{ 9 }\) = 15,000
Journal Entries
Adjustment for goodwill

Question 13.
Balu, Chandru and Nirmal are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2. On 31st March 2018, Nirmal retires from the firm. On the date of Nirmal’s retirement, goodwill appeared in the books of the firm at ? 60,000. By assuming fluctuating capital account, pass the necessary journal entry if the partners decide to
(a) write off the entire amount of existing goodwill
(b) write off half of the existing goodwill.
Answer:

Question 14.
Rani, Jaya and Rathi are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2:2:1. On 31.3.2018, Rathi retired from the partnership. Profit of the preceding years is as follows: 2014: 10,000; 2015: ₹ 20,000; 2016: ₹ 18,000 and 2017: ₹ 32,000
Find out the share of profit of Rathi for the year 2018 till the date of retirement if
(a) Profit is to be distributed on the basis of the previous year’s profit
(b) Profit is to be distributed on the basis of the average profit of the past 4 years Also pass necessary journal entries by assuming partners capitals are fluctuating.
Answer:
(a) If the profit is to be distributed on the basis of previous year profit (2017) Rathi’s share distributed 3 months = ₹ 32,000 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\) x \(\frac { 3 }{ 12 }\) = ₹ 1600

(b) Average Profit

Question 15.
Kavin, Madhan and Ranjith are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4:3:3, respectively. Kavin retires from the firm on 31st December, 2018. On the date of retirement, his capital account shows a credit balance of ₹ 1,50,000. Pass journal entries if:
(a) The amount due is paid off immediately.
(b) The amount due is not paid immediately.
(c) ₹ 1,00,000 is paid and the balance in future.
Answer:

Question 16.
Manju, Charu and Lavanya are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2. Their balance sheet as on 31st March, 2018 is as follows:

Manju retired from the partnership firm on 31.03.2018 subject to the following adjustments:
(i) Stock to be depreciated by ₹ 10,000
(ii) Provision for doubtful debts to be created for ₹ 3,000.
(iii) Buildings to be appreciated by ₹ 28,000
Prepare revaluation account and capital accounts of partners after retirement.
Answer:
Revaluation

Capital Account

Question 17.
Kannan, Rahim and John are partners in a firm sharing profit and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2. The balance sheet as on 31st December, 2017 was as follows:

John retires on 1st January 2018, subject to the following conditions:
(i) To appreciate building by 10%
(ii) Stock to be depreciated by 5%
(iii) To provide ₹ 1,000 for bad debts
(iv) An unrecorded liability of ₹ 8,000 have been noticed
(v) The retiring partner shall be paid immediately
Prepare revaluation account, partners’ capital account and the balance sheet of the firm after retirement.
Answer:
Revaluation A/c

Capital

Balance Sheet

Question 18.
Saran, Arun and Karan are partners in firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4:3:3. Their balance sheet as of 31.12.2016 was as follows:

Karan retires on 1.1.2017 subject to the following conditions:
(i) Goodwill of the firm is valued at ₹ 21,000
(ii) Machinery to be appreciated by 10%
(iii) Building to be valued at ₹ 80,000
(iv) Provision for bad debts to be raised to ₹ 2,000
(v) Stock to be depreciated by ₹ 2,000
(vi) Final amount due to Karan is not paid immediately
Prepare the necessary ledger accounts and show the balance sheet of the firm after retirement.
Answer:
Revaluation Account

Capital Account

Balance Sheet

Question 19.
Rajesh, Sathish and Mathan are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2:1 respectively. Their balance sheet as on 31.3.2017 is given below.

Mathan retires on 31st March, 2017 subject to the following conditions:
(i) Rajesh and Sathish will share profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2
(ii) Assets are to be revalued as follows: Machinery ₹ 4,50,000, Stock ₹ 2,90,000, Debtors ₹ 1,52,000.
(iii) Goodwill of the firm is valued at ₹ 1,20,000
Prepare necessary ledger accounts and the balance sheet immediately after the retirement of Mathan.
Answer:

Revaluation Account

Capital Account

Balance Sheet as on 31.12.2017

Question 20.
Janani, Janaki and Jamuna are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:3:1 respectively. Janaki died on 31st December, 2017. Final amount due to her showed a credit balance of ₹ 1,40,000. Pass journal entries if,
(a) The amount due is paid off immediately.
(b) The amount due is not paid immediately.
(c) ₹ 75,000 is paid and the balance in future.
Answer:
Journal Entries

Question 21.
Varsha, Shanthi and Madhuri are partners, sharing profits in the ratio of 5:4:3. Their balance sheet as on 31st December 2017 is as under:
Balance Sheet as on 31st December 2017

On 1.1.2018, Madhuri died and on her death the following arrangements are made:
(i) Stock to be depreciated by ₹ 5,000
(ii) Premises is to be appreciated by 20%
(iii) To provide ₹ 4,000 for bad debts
(iv) The final amount due to Madhuri was not paid
Prepare revaluation account, partners’ capital account and the balance sheet of the firm after death.
Answer:
Revaluation Account

Capital Account

Balance Sheet as on 1.1.2018

Question 22.
Vijayan, Sudhan and Suman are partners who share profits and losses in their capital ratio. Their balance sheet as on 31.12.2018 is as follows:
Balance Sheet as on 31.12.2018

Suman died on 31.3.2019. On the death of Suman, the following adjustments are made:
(i) Building is to be valued at ₹ 1,00,000
(ii) Stock to be depreciated by ₹ 5,000
(iii) Goodwill of the firm is valued at ₹ 36,000
(iv) Share of profit from the closing of the last financial year to the date of death on the basis of the average of the three completed years’ profit before death.
Profit for 2016, 2017 and 2018 were ₹ 40,000, ₹ 50,000 and ₹ 30,000, respectively.
Prepare the necessary ledger accounts and the balance sheet immediately after the death of Suman.
Answer:
Profit-Sharing Ratio:

Revaluation Account

Capital Account

Balance Sheet as on 31.3.19

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Retirement and Death of a Partner Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
On the retirement of a partner, profit on revaluation of assets and liabilities should be credited to the capital accounts of …………………
(a) Retiring partner in their old ratio
(b) All partners in their old ratio
(c) Remaining partners in new ratio
(d) Remaining partners in old ratio
Answer:
(b) All partners in their old ratio

Question 2.
On the retirement of a partner, reserves should be transferred to the capital accounts of …………………
(a) Retiring partner
(b) Remaining partner
(c) All partners
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) All partners

Question 3.
Credit balance of Profit and Loss Account – appearing in the Balance sheet on the dealth of a partner is credited to …………………
(a) Deceased Partner’s Capital Account
(b) All partner’s capital account (including deceased partner’s capital account
(c) Remaining partner’s capital account
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) All partner’s capital account (including deceased partner’s capital account)

Question 4.
P, Q and R are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 4:3:1. P retires and his share is taken by Q and R equally. Calculate new profit sharing ratio of Q and R …………………
(a) 1:1
(b) 4:3
(c) 3:4
(d) 5:3
Answer:
(d) 5:3

Question 5.
In case of death of a partner, the whole amount standing to the credit of his capital account is transferred to ………………….
(a) Capital Accounts of all partners
(b) Capital Accounts of remaining partners
(c) His executor’s account
(d) Revenue Account of the Government
Answer:
(c) His executor’s account

Question 6.
A, B and C share profits in the ratio of \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\): \(\frac { 3 }{ 10 }\): \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\) C dies. The gaining ratio of A and B will be …………………..
(a) 1:1
(b) 1:3
(c) 5:3
(d) 3:1
Answer:
(c) 5:3

Question 7.
On retirement of a partner, the continuing partner’s capital accounts are debited with retiring partner’s share of goodwill in
(a) Old profit sharing ratio
(b) Gaining ratio
(c) New profit sharing ratio
(d) Equal ratio
Answer:
(b) Gaining ratio

Question 8.
N, S, and K have been sharing profit in the ratio of 3:5:7. K retires and his share is taken by N and S in the ratio of 3:2, the new ratio will be
(a) 12:13
(b) 3:5
(c) 2:1
(d) 3:2
Answer:
(a) 12:13

Question 9.
If at the time of retirement, there is some unrecorded liability, it will be …………………..
(a) Debited to Revaluation A/c
(b) Credited to Revaluation A/c
(c) Transferred to Old partners Capital A/Cs
(d) Transferred to All Partners Capital A/Cs
Answer:
(a) Debited to Revaluation A/c

Question 10.
The gain of remaining partners is equal to ………………….
(a) Their new share
(b) Their old share
(c) New Share – Old share
(d) Old share – New share
Answer:
(c) New Share – Old share

Question 11.
Which of the following is debited to partner’s capital at the time of retirement of a partner?
(a) General Reserve
(b) Profit on revaluation
(c) Accumulated losses
(d) Accumulated profits
Answer:
(c) Accumulated losses

Question 12.
At the time of retirement, of a partner, workmen compensation reserve after meeting the legal requirement is transferred to
(a) Revaluation Account
(b) All Partner’s Capital Account .
(c) Sacrificing Partner’s Capital A/cs
(d) Old Partner’s Capital Account
Answer:
(b) All Partner’s Capital Account

Question 13.
On the retirement of a partner, increase in the value of assets is recorded in ………………..
(a) Revaluation A/c
(b) Cash a/c
(c) Old Partner’s Capital A/c
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Revaluation A/c

Question 14.
Undistributed profit and losses – transferred to all the partners at the time of retirement of a partner ………………….
(a) should be
(A) should not be
(c) maybe
Answer:
(a) should be

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Letter Writing

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Letters are the most common forms of written communication. Writing letters is an art and it is mastered through practice. We write letters to friends and relatives to maintain contacts with them. However, in the present times with the boom in methods of communication, many of us don’t have the time or the inclination, or the temperament and the art to write letters.

So telephone, fax, and e-mail have replaced personal (informal) letters. However, formal ‘ letters are still in vogue. Commerce, trade, official correspondence, public representation, complaints, and other dealings, transactions, and communication with the people are still (conducted through letters. Students are therefore advised to cultivate the art and skill of letter writing. It must be remembered that different kinds of letters follow different conventions. So, the format should suit the type.

INFORMAL LETTERS
These are ordinary personal letters and informal invitations written to relatives, friends, and acquaintances. The main characteristics of informal letters are:

• These letters are first/second person presentations.
• Personal feelings and emotions find an expression,
• The writer’s address is given in the usual place.
• The salutation is usually‘Dear’plus name’.
• The date of writing is given, but the year is generally omitted.
• The style and tone are relaxed and informal.
• Different tenses are used as sense demands.
• The complimentary close is: ‘Yours lovingly’or‘Yours truly’.

FORMAL LETTERS
A formal letter is different from a personal letter in tone and content. These letters are written for official purposes or commercial correspondence, so they must be systematic, specific in content and formal in treatment of the subject. The main features of formal letters are:

• The matter is brief, clear and to the point.
• There are separate paragraphs for separate topics.
• The first paragraph indicates the theme of the letter,
• The facts are stated in simple and direct language.
• Long and high sounding words are avoided.
• Even while lodging a complaint or making a criticism, the tone should be polite.
• Clumsy expressions should not be used.
• The complimentary close is: ‘Yours sincerely’, or ‘Yours faithfully’.

FORMAT/LAYOUT OF A FORMAL LETTER
08th March, 20XX
From
XXX
Sender’s Address & Phone No.

Respected Sir/Madam,
SUB: Frequent Power Failure

Body of the Letter

Thank you,
Yours sincerely,
XXX

Note: There is no punctuation after From and To Thank you has been used instead of Thanking you

Types Of Formal Letters
A. BUSINESS LETTERS

• Making enquiries/asking for information
• Replying to enquiries/giving information
• Placing orders and sending replies
• Cancelling orders
• Letters of complaints

B. OFFICIAL LETTERS

• Registering complaints regarding civic amenities, law & order, etc.
• Making inquiries pertaining to development projects, health facilities, etc.
• Making requests/appeals

C. LETTER TO THE EDITOR

• Giving suggestions on an issue (usually of public interest)
• Expressing views on an issue already raised in an article/write – up/in a published letter

D. LETTER OF APPLICATION

• Applications for jobs

Solved Questions
Informal Letter
(i) Write a letter to your mother informing her that your vacations will be starting on 15th April and will reach home on 16th of April.
Answer:

Chennai
02.04.2020

Dear mother,
I’m fine. I hope all are fine at home. My vacations are starting on the 15th of April and I’ll reach home the next day. Please prepare my favorite dishes mom. Counting days to be home. Love you ma.

Yours lovingly,
XYZ

To
Mrs. Malathi
12, MG Road,
Trichy

(ii) Radhika has got success in NEET. She wants to celebrate her admission to Shivaji Medical College, Nagpur by throwing a party to her friends. Help her write an informal invitation giving details of venue, time and date. Do not exceed 50 words.

18, Natesan Street,
T. Nager,
15th July, 20XX

Dear Vaishali,
You will be glad to learn that I have secured 80th rank in the NEET competition. I have got admission in a prestigious institution – Shivaji College, Nagpur. I want to share a few happy moments of my life in the company of my old friends at a dinner in the Hotel GRT grand days T. Nagar at 8.00 p.m. on 23 July, 20XX.

Please join the celebrations and merry-making.

Yours sincerely,
Radhika.

Address on the envelope
D. Vaishali D/O Krishnan,
18, VOC Street,
Vandalur.

(iii) Raju’s parents have completed 25 years of happy married life. Help him to invite his aunt, living in Kalayarkovil, to join him in the Silver Jubilee celebration of their marriage at his residence.

245, Greenway Road,
Chennai.
25th March, 2020

Respected Aunt,
My parents Sh. R.S. Swaminathan and Smt. Parvathi Devi will be completing 25 years of their happy, prosperous and eventful married life next month. We are going to celebrate the Silver Jubilee of their married life on 5th May, 2016. It will be a simple ceremony. Only family members and close friends are invited.

Do join us on this auspicious day.

Yours sincerely,
S. Raju.

Address on the envelope
Mrs. Leela, W/o Soundar,
8, Car St,
Kalayar Kovil.

Formal Letter Letter Of Request
(i) Madhu/Rajesh Dharmapuri is a student of class 10th. Write a letter to the Principal, Sishya Matriculation School, Dharmapuri, requesting him A her to open a career counseling center in the school to help and guide the students in the choice of subjects at + 2 level as well as at college level and to give other valuable advice/suggestions. Help him/her to complete the letter.

From
Madhu / Rajesh
51, Main Road,
Dharmapuri.
16th March, 2020

To
The Principal,
Sishya Matriculation School,
Dharmapuri.

sir,
Sub: Request to open a career counselling centre.

I am a student of class X in your school and is currently appearing for the Board examination. Very soon, we will have to make an important decision. We will have to select the stream/ subjects we should opt for at the +2 level. As you know, this is the most crucial decision of a student’s life. Most of the parents are unaware of the latest trends in educational/job fields. I, therefore, request you to kindly open a career counselling centre in our school to help us make the correct choice according to our aptitudes/talents as well as future job prospects. Expert guidance in the field will prove invaluable to us.

I hope you will consider my request favourably.

Thank you

Yours faithfully,
Madhu / Rajesh

Address on the envelope
The Principal,
Sishya Matriculation School,
Dharmapuri

(ii) You are Raja/Vaishnavi, Head Boy/Girl of your school. Help him/her in writing to arrange extra classes in Maths for the students of X classes. Give detailed reasons to support your demand.
Answer:

12 March, 20XX

From
Raja / Vaishnavi,
X A Student ABC Hr. Sec. School,
XYZ City.

To
The Principal,
ABC Hr. Sec. School,
XYZ City

Sir,
Sub: Extra Classes in Maths

The other day we were admonished about the poor performance in Maths in the Revision Examination. We have tried to search our souls, rack our brains and find out the fault. The reason is quite obvious. Our Maths teacher retired in August and stop-gap arrangements were made for three months by appointing temporary hands. Only last month we were able to get guidance from an expert and competent teacher like Mr. Murthy. However, a lot of our course remains uncovered and proper justice cannot be done to it in the regular periods only. Moreover, we have to make up the time-lapse. Drill, revision, and classroom tests also require certain periods. In view of the paucity of time available to us between now and the commencement of board examination, it is requested that some extra classes before/after school hours be arranged in Maths for Std. X.

I hope that the request of the students will be acceded to without any delay.

Thank you

Yours obediently,
Raja/Vaishnavi.
Head boy / Head Girl.

Address on the envelope
The Principal,
ABC Hr. Sec. School, XYZ City

Complaint Letter

(iii) You are Pramila of 32,3rd main road, Adyar, Chennai. Last week, you bought a mobile phone from ‘The Mobile Junction’, 20N, Muthulakshmi street, Chennai. The mobile phone developed a problem within a few days of its purchase. Write a complaint letter to the dealer giving details of the nature of the problem and asking him/her to rectify the defect or replace the phone.

Ms. Pramila
32, 3rd main road
Adyar
Chennai

29 April, 20XX
The Sales Manager
The Mobile Junction
20N, Muthulakshmi street
Chennai

Sir,
Sub: Defective Mobile Phone

I am a resident of Adyar, Chennai. I purchased a Samsung 4G mobile phone from The Mobile Junction on 22nd April, 20XX, vide cash memo No. 14219/18.1 am sorry to say that the mobile phone developed a problem within a few days of its purchase. The sound system is quite irritating and jarring. The camera doesn’t give a clear and deep impression. I feel cheated to have such a defective mobile phone after spending more than fifteen thousand rupees. It is quite unfortunate that even after sending two reminders, you have shown no urgency to rectify the defects or replace the defective mobile set at the earliest. I hope you will do the needful within a week. I am sure you will not compel me to knock the doors of the Consumer Court for this unpleasant lapse of time on your part.

Yours sincerely
Pramila

To
The Sales Executive
The Mobile Junction
20N, Muthulakshmi street
Chennai

(iv) You are R. M. Sridharan, the Head Librarian of M.G. Sr. Secondary School, Thuthukudi. Write a letter to Mrs. Atma Ram & Sons, Guwahati, complaining about the poor quality of books supplied to your library. You can invent your own details.
Answer:
R. M. Sridharan
M.G. Sr. Secondary School
Thuthukudi
25 March, 20XX
M/s Atma Ram & Sons
23, Fancy Bazar
Thuthukudi

Sir,
Sub: Poor quality of books ‘

We need no introduction. We are old customers of Atma Ram & Sons. But, I am constrained to express my displeasure at the poor and substandard supply of books by you in response to our order.
On examination, the following obvious discrepancies were found in the books supplied by you;

1. 40 textbooks of Mathematics by R.K. Sharma are of 20XX (old) edition. While these books are available in the latest 20XX editions in the market.
2. We ordered for 30 books of History of Ancient India by L.K. Gupta. However, we have been supplied with the books of the same title written by R.K– Gupta.
3. Some books are not in good and proper condition and can’t be accepted as such.

We hope you will do the needful without any further delay and replace them with their latest editions and in proper conditions.

Yours sincerely
R.M. Sridharan
(Head Librarian)
Enel. – Photocopy of the book – list.

To
M/s Atma Ram & Sons
23, Fancy Bazar
Thuthukudi

(v) Write a letter to the Station House Officer of Mattencheri Police Station in Cochin complaining him about the bad law and order situation in your area. You can give concrete and useful suggestions to protect and safeguard the interests of school and college going girls and senior citizens. You can invent your own details.
Answer:
James Mathews
4/12, Mattencheri Street
Cochin
10 March 20XX The S.H.O.
Mattencheri Police Station
Cochin

Sir,
Sub: Protecting female students and senior students from lawlessness

It pains me to express my strong resentment and anguish against the bad law and order situation prevailing in Mattencheri Residential Colony of Cochin.

Bad law and order situation has become an integral part of Mattencheri’s social and cultural scene. The recent day – light robberies and murders have sent a shockwave among the residents of the area. I would like to highlight the routine and regular harassment faced by the female students near their schools. In spite of the legal ban, wine shops do exist just in front of schools. Drunkards indulge in teasing and assaulting school girls. Even the kidnapping of a minor school girl last week didn’t arouse the conscience of the law and order authorities. It is not only the job of the administration to open new schools for girls but also their primary responsibility to provide them a safe journey from their house to their schools. All wine shops near school should be closed immediately. The bad characters and teasers must be given exemplary punishments. Senior citizens must be given a special protection. Complete records of maid servants and helpers must be maintained in the concerned police stations.

The need of the hour is to take effective and prompt actions to maintain peace and harmony in the area.

Yours faithfully
James Mathews

To
The S.H.O.
Mattencheri Police Station
Cochin

(vi) You are Anuradha, the Head Girl of Swami Vivekanand Sr. Secondary School, Patna. You are distressed at the unhygienic conditions in the school toilets. Even the classrooms remain dusty and dirty. Write a letter to the Principal of your school, complaining him of this unfortunate situation. Also give suggestions to improve the condition.
Answer:
Anuradha
X B, Swami Vivekanand Sr. Secondary School
Chennai
12 June 20XX
The Principal
Swami Vivekanand Sr. Secondary School
Chennai

Sir,
Sub: Unclean toilets and classrooms
On behalf of all students of classes IX and X, I want to bring to your notice the unhygienic conditions of the toilets in the school. Even the classrooms remain dusty and dirty for days together. The toilets in the school stink badly. It needs a lot of patience to go and use them. One can use them only by putting one’s handkerchief over the nose. The flushing system generally remain out of order. Most of the urine pots are broken. The leaked urine flows on the floor causing a nauseating odour. The condition of the classrooms is not much better. They are not swept or cleaned daily. A layer of dust and dirt gathers over the benches and desks. To be brief, such unhygienic conditions don’t go with this illustrious institution. They bring a bad name and create a bad impression on the outsiders. I hope that you will take some prompt action to improve the situation drastically in the near future.

Yours obediently
Anuradha
Head Girl
Class X

To ,
The Principal
Swami Vivekanand Sr. Secondary School
Chennai

Letter Of Enquiry

(vii) Write a letter seeking detailed inquiries from the General Manager, Holiday Inn, Puducherry for conducting the wedding reception of your younger brother at the hotel. Make specific inquiries about the catering cost per head, service and decoration charges. You can also ask for the advance amount to be paid. You are Krishna/Kamini.
Answer:
House No. 43/4
Civil Lines
Puducherry
20 May 20XX
The General Manager
Holiday Inn
Puducherry

Sir,
Sub: Enquiring about rates for wedding reception

The wedding reception of my younger brother, Mukesh will be solemnized on 20 June 20XX. We want to hold the ceremony and the wedding reception at your hotel. The party may include about 300 heads, including children. We would like to book four rooms in the hotel for the guests also. The ceremony may continue up to the early hours of 23rd June, 20XX.

Kindly furnish the following details regarding the reception function:

• Catering cost per head with menu details
• Service charges
• Decoration charges (stage and mandap)
• Room charges
• Advance money to be paid

We would appreciate if you send any other relevant information concerning the wedding reception.

Yours truly
Krishna/Kamini

To
The General Manager
Holiday Inn
Puducherry

Letter Of Placing Order

(viii) You are Laxman/Laxmi, the Head Librarian of Rammanna Public School, Nellore. Write a letter to Janta Book Depot, Nellore placing bulk order for books needed for the school library. You can invent your own details.
Answer:
The Head Librarian
Ramanna Public School
Nellore
12th July, 20XX
Sales Manager
Janta Book Depot
Nellore

Dear Sir
Sub: Order for books
We received the quotations sent by you regarding the purchase of books for the school library. We are glad to inform you that we have found your quotations acceptable to us. We welcome the 20% discount that you are providing on the books in general. However, we would expect a special discount that some dealers are providing on the bulk purchases for the educational institutions.

The list of books with their particulars are attached here with.

Books must be in their latest editions and delivered in good condition.

Yours truly
Laxman/Laxmi
Head Librarian

To
Sales Manager
Janta Book Depot
Nellore

Letter Of Cancelling Order
(ix) You are Ramkumar, Sales Manager of Modern Dresses, Madurai. You placed a bulk ’order with Shobha Dresses, Madurai for the supply of Gowns for your showroom. The firm has failed to execute the order. In spite of our many reminders, there is no positive response from them. Write a letter to the firm that you are constrained to cancel the order that you had placed before.
Answer:
K. Raman
Modem Dresses
TVS Nagar
Madurai
25th September, 2020
M/s Shobha Dresses Pandian Nagar Madurai

Dear Sirs,
Sub: Order for Gowns – Cancellation
I can express only my deep dismay and displeasure at the non – execution of the bulk order that we placed with you for the purchase of gowns on 10th August, 2020. The said order was to be executed within 10 days. However, when more than a month expired, you expressed regrets giving the strike of workers in the factory as the main reason of non – execution. We accepted your request for executing the order within a week. We condoned the delay keeping in view of our previous good business terms. As we have not heard from you recently, we have reasons to believe that cancellation of the said order is the only option for us. I hope that the cancellation of the said order will not affect our otherwise good business terms in future.

Yours faithfully
K. Ramkumar

To
M/s Shobha Dresses
Pandian Nagar
Madurai

Letter To The Editor
(x) The tourism industry can bring valuable income to the country. Write a letter to the Editor of a popular daily on how the government and the public can boost the development of this industry. You are Rama/Ram, 4 Rani Road, Tiruchirappalli.
Answer:
Ram
4, Rani Road
Tiruchirappalli
20 April 20XX

The Editor
The Hindustan Times
Tiruchirappalli

Sir,
Sub: Boosting tourism industry in India
Through the column of your esteemed daily, I want to highlight the tremendous potentiality that the tourism industry has in India. The tourism industry can easily be a money-spinner as it can bring valuable income to the country. Let’s first explore the new avenues for international tourists in India. It has been a great shame for us that India has not been even among the top ten in the international market. We have breathtaking views of the Himalayas, beautiful valleys, wonderful hill stations, very rich wildlife, including the tiger and the rhino reserves. India can boast of fascinating beaches in Goa and Kerala. We have the Taj Mahal and the Fatehpur Sikri in Agra; Madurai and Tanjavur in Tamil Nadu; Sanchi in MP and Nalanda in Bihar. The ghats of Varanasi and feudal splendors of Rajasthan need no introduction. Only we will have to revamp our strategies. We will have to re – woo our tourists. Instead of running after the recession hit western Europe and America, we must explore new avenues in China, Russia, and Brazil. China attracts 50.9 million tourists every year. India manages just 5.1 million tourists. We will have to fill up the gap.

Domestic tourism can’t be neglected. States like Karnataka and Kerala have shown the way to the other states of India. They have attracted budget domestic tourists by providing clean and affordable accommodation. Enhanced infrastructure, such as good roads, airports and good hygiene will attract more international as well as domestic tourists. Surely, tourism industry can bring valuable income to the country.

Thank you

Yours sincerely
Ram

To
The Editor
The Hindustan Times
Tiruchirappalli

(xi) You are Santhanam/Sapna. You are a regular visitor to the Prasad Nagar Lake. Of late, residents of the colony have been disturbed by the constant flow of foul-smelling water in the lake garden and generally failing cleanliness standards. Taking hints given in the input below, along with your own details, write a letter to the Editor of a local daily emphasizing the urgent need to improve the hygienic conditions of the park.
Answer:
Santhanam/Sapna
12, Swami Nagar
Prasad Nagar
Mysore
12 April 20XX

The Editor
The Deccan Herald
Bangalore

Sir,
Sub: Unhygienic conditions of Prasad Nagar Lake and its surroundings
Through the column of your esteemed daily, I express my anguish at the deterioration of Prasad Nagar Lake and its surroundings.
There was a time when Prasad Nagar Lake and its surroundings were considered to be the most beautiful spot in the area. It is a pity that within a decade everything has reached a stage of decay and deterioration. I am a regular visitor to the lake. Of late, residents of the colony have been disturbed by the constant flow of foul-smelling water into the lake garden. This has been caused due to the repeated bursting of a sewer line running next to the lake garden. The foul-smelling water accumulates and stagnates in the lake. This has resulted in a heavy presence of algae in the lake. It has hampered the boating facilities provided here by the authorities. The state of fish farming is quite deplorable.

I hope this letter will arouse the concerned authorities out of their hibernation. They must take immediate and effective steps to bring the lake and its surroundings back to its former grandeur and glory.

Thank you

Yours faithfully
Santhanam/Sapna

We hope the data given here will benefit you to the fullest extent at the time of preparation. For better understanding of English subject this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Answers for Class 10th English Letter Writing PDF is the best resource. Download & ace up your preparation. Keep in touch with us and get the latest information on Tamilnadu State board Textbook Answers PDF.

Students can Download Accountancy Chapter 8 Financial Statement Analysis Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Solutions Chapter 8 Financial Statement Analysis

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Financial Statement Analysis Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

12th Accountancy 8th Chapter Question 1.
Which of the following statements is not true?
(a) Notes and schedules also form part of financial statements
(b) The tools of financial statement analysis include common – size statement
(c) Trend analysis refers to the study of movement of figures for one year
(d) The common – size statements show the relationship of various items with some common base, expressed as percentage of the common base
Answer:
(c) Trend analysis refers to the study of movement of figures for one year

12th Accountancy Chapter 8 Question 2.
Balance sheet provides information about the financial position of a business concern ………………
(a) Over a period of time
(b) As on a particular date
(c) For a period of time
(d) For the accounting period
Answer:
(b) As on a particular date

12th Accountancy 8th Chapter Solutions Question 3.
Which of the following tools of financial statement analysis is suitable when data relating to several years are to be analysed?
(a) Cash flow statement
(b) Common size statement
(c) Comparative statement
(d) Trend analysis
Answer:
(d) Trend analysis

Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 8 Solutions Question 4.
The financial statements do not exhibit ………………
(a) Non – monetary data
(b) Past data
(c) Short term data
(d) Long term data
Answer:
(a) Non – monetary data

Accountancy Class 12 Chapter 8 Solutions Question 5.
Which of the following is not a tool of financial statement analysis?
(a) Trend analysis
(b) Common size statement
(c) Comparative statement
(d) Standard costing
Answer:
(d) Standard costing

Accounting Chapter 8 Answer Key Question 6.
The term ‘fund’ refers to ………………
(a) Current liabilities
(b) Working capital
(c) Fixed assets
(d) Non – current assets
Answer:
(b) Working capital

Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 8 Question 7.
Which of the following statements is not true?
(a) All the limitations of financial statements are applicable to financial statement analysis also.
(b) Financial statement analysis is only the means and not an end.
(c) Expert knowledge is not required in analysing the financial statements.
(d) Interpretation of the analysed data involves personal judgement.
Answer:
(c) Expert knowledge is not required in analysing the financial statements

Financial Statements Of A Company Class 12 Solutions Question 8.
A limited company’s sales has increased from ? 1,25,000 to? 1,50,000. How does this appear in comparative income statement?
(a) + 20%
(b) + 120%
(c) – 120 %
(d) – 20 %
Answer:
(a) + 20 %

Financial Statements Questions And Answers Pdf Question 9.
In a common-size balance sheet, if the percentage of non – current assets is 75, what would be the percentage of current assets?
(a) 175
(b) 125
(c) 25
(d) 100
Answer:
(c) 25

Financial Statement Analysis Solutions Pdf Question 10.
Expenses of a business for the first year were ₹ 80,000. In the second year, it was increased to ₹ 88,000. What is the trend percentage in the second year?
(a) 10%
(b) 110%
(c) 90%
(d) 11%
Answer:
(b) 110 %

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Financial Statements Solutions Question 1.
What are financial statements?
Answer:
Financial statements are the statements prepared by the business concerns at the end of the accounting period to ascertain the operating results and the financial position.

Financial Statement Analysis Chapter 8 Solutions Question 2.
List the tools of financial statement analysis.
Answer:

1. Comparative Statement.
2. Common Size Statement.
3. Trend Analysis.
4. Funds Flow Analysis.
5. Cash Flow Analysis.

Financial Statement Analysis Solutions Question 3.
What is working capital?
Answer:
Working capital statement or schedule of changes in working is prepared to disclose net changes in working capitals on two specific dates (generally two balance sheet dates). It is prepared from current assets and current liabilities.
Working Capital = Current Assets – Current Liabilities

Financial Statement Analysis Problems And Solutions Pdf Question 4.
When is trend analysis preferred to other tools?
Answer:
Trend analysis discloses the changes in financial and operating data between specific periods when data for more than two years are to be analyzed. It may be difficult to use comparative statement.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
‘Financial statements are prepared based on the past data’. Explain how this is a limitation?
Answer:
The nature of financial statement is historical. Past cannot be the index of future and cannot be cent percent basis for future estimation, forecasting, budgeting and planning.

Question 2.
Write a short note on cash flow analysis.
Answer:
Cash flow analysis concerned with preparation of cash flow statement which shows the inflow and outflow of cash and cash equivalents in a given period of time. Cash includes cash in hand and demand deposit with banks. Cash equivalents denotes short term investments which can be realised easily within a short period of time without much loss in value. Cash flow analysis helps in assessing the liquidity and solvency of a business concern.

Question 3.
Briefly explain any three limitations of financial statements.
Answer:
1. Lack of qualitative information:
Qualitative information, that is non – monetary information is also important for business decisions. For examole Efficiency of the employees and efficiency of the management. But this is ignored in financial statements.

2. Record of historical data:
Financial statement are prepared based on historical data. They may not reflect the current position.

3. Ignores price level changes:
Adjustments for price level changes are not made in the financial statements. Hence financial statements may not reveal the current position.

Question 4.
Explain the steps involved in preparing comparative statements.
Answer:
Following are the steps to be followed in preparation of comparative statement.

1. Column 1 : In this column, particulars of items of income statements or balance sheet are written.
2. Column 2 : Enter absolute amount of year 1.
3. Column 3 : Enter absolute amount of year 2.
4. Column 4 : Show the difference in amounts between year 1 and year 2. If there is an increase in year 2, put plus sign and there is a decrease put minus sign.
5. Column 5 : Show percentage increase or decrease of the difference amount shown in column 4 by dividing the amount shown in column 4 (absolute amount of increase or decrease) by column 2 (year 1 amount)

Percentage increase (or) decrease =

Question 5.
Explain the procedure for preparing common – size statement.
Answer:
Common – size statements can be prepared with three columns. Following are the steps to be followed in preparation of common – size statement.

1. Column 1. In this column, particulars of items of income statement or balance sheet are written.
2. Column 2. Enter absolute amount.
3. Column 3. Choose a common base as 100.

For example Revenue from operations can be taken as the base for income statement and total of balance sheet can be taken as the base for balance sheet. Work out the percentage for all the items of column 2 in terms of the common base and enter them in column 3.

IV Exercises

Question 1.
From the following particulars, prepare comparative income statement of Arul Ltd.

Answer:
Comparative Income Statement Analysis of Arul Ltd.
for the year ended 31.3.2016 to 31.3.2017

Question 2.
From the following particulars, prepare comparative income statement of Barani Ltd.

Answer:
Comparative Income Statement of Barani Ltd. for the year ended 31^st March 2017 to 31^st March 2018

Question 3.
From the following particulars, prepare comparative income statement of Daniel Ltd.

Answer:
Comparative Income Statement of Daniel Ltd. for the year ended 31^st March 2016 to 31^st March 2017

Question 4.
From the following particulars, prepare comparative statement of financial position of Muthu Ltd.

Answer:
Comparative Balance Sheet of Muthu Ltd. as on 31^st March 2017 to 31^st March 2018

Question 5.
From the following particulars, prepare comparative statement of financial position of Kala Ltd.

Comparative Balance Sheet of Kala Ltd. as on 31^st March 2017 and 31^st March 2018

Question 6.
Prepare common – size income statement for the following particulars of Raja Ltd. for the year ended 31^st March, 2017.

Answer:

Question 7.
From the following particulars of Maria Ltd. and Kala Ltd. prepare a common – size income statement for the year ended 31^st March, 2019.

Answer:
Common Size Income statement for the year ended 31^st March 2019

Question 8.
Prepare common – size income statement for the following particulars of Sam Ltd.

Answer:
Common Size Income statement of Sam Ltd.

Question 9.
Prepare Common – size balance sheet of Meena Ltd. as on 31^st March, 2018.

Answer:
Common Size Balance sheet of Meena Ltd. on 31^st March 18

Question 10.
Prepare common – size statement of financial position for the following particulars of Rani Ltd.

Answer:
Common Size Balance sheet of Rani Ltd. as on 31^st March 2016 to 31^st March 2017

Question 11.
Prepare common – size statement of financial position for the following particulars of Yasmin Ltd. and Sakthi Ltd.

Common Size statement of Balance sheet

Question 12.
From the following particulars, calculate the trend percentages of Kala Ltd.

Answer:
Trend Analysis of Kala Ltd Trend Percentage

Question 13.
From the following particulars, calculate the Trend percentages of Kavitha Ltd.

Answer:
Trend Percentage of Kavitha Ltd (in thousands)

Question 14.
From the following particulars, calculate the trend percentages of Kumar Ltd.

Answer:
Trend Percentage of Kumar Ltd (in thousands ₹)

Question 15.
From the following particulars, calculate the trend percentages of Anu Ltd.

Answer:
Trend Percentage of Anu Ltd (In Thousands)

Question 16.
From the following particulars, calculate the trend percentages of Babu Ltd.

Answer:
Trend Percentage of Babu Ltd (In Thousands)

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Financial Statement Analysis Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
Financial statements are meaningful and useful only when they are ……………..
(a) verified
(b) presented to owners
(c) Analysed and Interpreted
(d) Published
Answer:
(c) Analysed and Interpreted

Question 2.
Interpretation of Financial statements includes processes like ……………..
(a) Journalising
(b) Ledger writing
(c) Establishing relationship between the account data
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Establishing relationship between the account data

Question 3.
Trend analysis is significant for ……………..
(a) Profit planning
(b) Working capital management
(c) Capital rationing
(d) Forecasting and Budgeting
Answer:
(d) Forecasting and Budgeting

Question 4.
The three most useful general purpose financial statements for management are ……………..
(a) Income statement, Statement of Retained Earning and Balance Sheet
(b) Income statement, Balance sheet, and statement of changes in financial position
(c) Income statemen, Statement of Retained Earnings, and Funds flow statement
(d) Statement of Retained Earnings, Balance sheet and Funds flow statement
Answer:
(b) Income statement, Balance sheet, and statement of changes in financial position

Question 5.
In the case of limited company, the term financial statement includes ……………..
(a) Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet
(b) Profit and Loss Account, Profit and loss Appropriation Account and Balance Sheet
(c) Balance Sheet
Answer:
(b) Profit and Loss Account, Profit and loss Appropriation Account and Balance Sheet

Question 6.
The term Current Assets does not include ……………..
(a) Payments in Advance
(b) Bills Receivable
(c) Long – Term Deferred Changes
Answer:
(c) Long – Term Deferred Changes

Question 7.
The following is a recorded fact ……………..
(a) Market value of Investment
(b) Debtors
(c) Replacement cost of machinery
Answer:
(b) Debtors

Question 8.
The term Fixed Assets includes ……………..
(a) Stock – in – Trade
(b) Furniture
(c) Payments in Advance
Answer:
(b) Furniture

II. Fill in the blanks

Question 9.
The two statements which are generally included in the definition of financial statements are ……………..
Answer:
Income statement and Balance sheet.

Question 10.
Income statement …………….. the revenues and costs incurred in the process of earning revenues.
Answer:
Matches.

Question 11.
Balance Sheet is a statement of …………….. of a business at a specific moment of time.
Answer:
Financial position.

Question 12.
Assets and liabilities in a Balance sheet may be arranged either according …………….. order or …………….. order.
Answer:
Liquidity, permanency.

Question 13.
Financial statements disclose only …………….. facts.
Answer:
Monetary.

Question 14.
Profit and loss account also called as …………….. statement.
Answer:
Income.

Question 15.
Rearrangement of figures is necessary for …………….. and ………………
Answer:
Analysis, Interpretation.

Question 16.
Analysis of Financial Statements is meant for deriving additional information for various …………….. parties.
Answer:
interested.

III. True or False

Question 17.
Financial statement analysis is carried out as per Government regulation.
Answer:
False.

Question 18.
Financial statement analysis is performed with the help of various techniques and tools.
Answer:
True.

Question 19.
Common – size statements is a technique used in Financial statement analysis.
Answer:
True.

IV. Short answer questions

Question 1.
What are the features of financial statements?
Answer:

1. Financial statements are generally prepared at the end of an accouning period based on transactions recorded in the books of accounts.
2. These statements are prepared for the organisation as a whole.
3. Information is presented in a meaningful way by grouping items of similar nature such as fixed assets and current assets.
4. Financial statements are prepared based on historical cost.
5. Financial statements are prepared based on accounting principles and Accounting standards, which make financial statements comparable and realistic.
6. Financial statements involve personal judgement in certain cases. For example, selection of method of depreciation and percentage of reserves, etc.

Question 2.
Explain the significance of financial statements.
Answer:

1. To Management: Financial statements provide information to the management to take decision and to have control over business activities, in various areas.
2. To Shareholders: Financial statements help the shareholders to know whether the business has potential for growth and to decide to continue their share holding.
3. To potential investors: Financial statements help to value the securities and compare it with those of other business concerns before making their investment decisions.
4. To Creditors: Creditors can get information about the ability of the business to repay the debts from financial statements.
5. To Bankers: Information given in the financial statements is significant to the bankers to assess whether there is a adequate security to cover the amount of the loan or overdraft.
6. To Government: Financial statements are significant to government to assess the tax liability of business concerns and to frame and amend industrial policies.
7. To Employees: Through the financial statements, the employees can assess the ability of the business to pay salaries and whether they have future growth in the concern.

Question 3.
Explain the objectives of financial statement analysis.
Answer:

1. To analyse the profitability and earing capacity.
2. To study the long term and short term solvency of the business.
3. To determine the efficiency in operations and use of assets.
4. To determine the efficiency of the management and employees.
5. To determine the trend in sales and production, etc.
6. To forecast for future and prepare budgets.
7. To make inter – firm and intra – firm comparisons.

V. Exercise

Question 1.
From the following prepare “Comparative Statement of Proft and Loss” of Good Service Ltd.

Answer:
Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss for the years ended 31^st March 2012 and 2013

Question 2.
Prepare Common – size statement of Genius Paper work Ltd.

Answer:
Common – size Income Statement for the year ended 31^st March 2016 and 2017

Question 3.
From the following figures compute trend percentage using 2005 as the base year.

Answer:

Question 4.
From the following balance sheet extracts, compute trend percentage and comment on the liquidity positon of X ltd. You may take 1990 as base year.

Answer:
Statement showing Trend Percentages

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 2 p-Block Elements – I

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Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry p-Block Elements – I TextBook Evalution

I. Choose the correct answer:

12th Chemistry Chapter 2 Book Back Answers Question 1.
An aqueous solution of borax is …………
(a) neutral
(b) acidic
(c) basic
(d) amphoteric
Answer:
(c) basic.

12th Chemistry Lesson 2 Book Back Answers Question 2.
Boric acid is an acid because its molecule …………
(a) contains replaceable H⁺ ion
(b) gives up a proton
(c) combines with proton to form water molecule
(d) accepts OH^– from water, releasing proton.
Answer:
(d) accepts OH^– from water, releasing proton

Hint: B(OH)₃ + H₂O \(\rightleftharpoons\) [B(OH)₄]^–+ H⁺

12th Chemistry Samacheer Kalvi Question 3.
Which among the following is not a borane?
(a) B₂H₆
(b) B₃H₆
(C) B₄H₁₀
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) B₂H₆
Hint:

• Nido borane – B_nH_4+n
• aracno borane – B_nH_6+n , B₃H₆ is not a borane

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Question 4.
Which of the following metals has the largest abundance in the earth’s crust?
(a) Aluminium
(b) calcium
(c) Magnesium
(d) Sodium
Answer:
(a) Aluminium

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 12th Chemistry Question 5.
In diborane, the number of electrons that accounts for banana bonds is …………
(a) six
(b) two
(c) four
(d) three
Answer:
(c) four

Hint: There are two 3c – 2e^– bonds i.e., the bonding in the bridges account for 4 electrons.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Solutions Question 6.
The element that does not show catenation among the following p-block elements is …………
(a) Carbon
(b) silicon
(c) Lead
(d) germanium
Answer:
(c) Lead

12th Chemistry Solutions Samacheer Kalvi Question 7.
Carbon atoms in fullerene with formula C₆₀ have …………
(a) sp³ hybridised
(b) sp hybridised
(c) sp² hybridised
(d) partially sp² and partially sp³ hybridised
Answer:
(c) sp² hybridised

12 Chemistry Samacheer Kalvi Question 8.
Oxidation state of carbon in its hydrides …………
(a) +4
(b) -4
(c) +3
(d) +2
Answer:
(a) +4
Hint: CH₄⁺in which the oxidation state of carbon is 4.

Samacheer 12 Chemistry Solutions Question 9.
The basic structural unit of silicates is …………
(a) (SiO₃)^2-
(b) (SiO₄)^2-
(c) (SiO)^–
(d) (SiO₄)^4-
Answer:
(d) (SiO₄)^4-

Chemistry Class 12 Samacheer Kalvi Question 10.
The repeating unit in silicone is …………

Answer:

Class 12 Chemistry Samacheer Kalvi Question 11.
Which of these is not a monomer for a high molecular mass silicone polymer?
(a) Me₃SiCl
(b) PhSiCl₃
(c) MeSiCl₃
(d) Me₃SiCl₃
Answer:
(a) Me₃SiCl

Samacheerkalvi.Guru 12th Chemistry Question 12.
Which of the following is not sp² hybridised?
(a) Graphite
(b) graphene
(c) Fullerene
(d) dry ice
Answer:
(a) dry ice
Hint: dry ice – solid CO₂ in which carbon is in sp hybridized state

Question 13.
The geometry at which carbon atom in diamond are bonded to each other is …………
(a) Tetrahedral
(b) hexagonal
(c) Octahedral
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) Tetrahedral

Question 14.
Which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Beryl is a cyclic silicate
(b) Mg₂SiO₄ is an orthosilicate
(c) SiO₄^4- is the basic structural unit of silicates
(d) Feldspar is not aluminosilicate
Answer:
(d) Feldspar is a three dimensional silicate

Question 15.
AlF₃ is soluble in HF only in the presence of KF. It is due to the formation of ………… [NEET]
(a) K₃[AlF₃H₃]
(b) K₃[AlF₆]
(C) AlH₃
(d) K[AlF₃H]
Answer:
(6)K₃[AlF₆]
Hint: AlF₃ + 3KF → K₃[AlF₆]

Question 16.
Match items in column – I with the items of column – II ans assign the correct code


Answer:
(a) A – 2, B – 1, C – 4, D – 3

Question 17.
Duralumin is an alloy of …………
(a) Cu, Mn
(b) Cu, Al, Mg
(c) Al, Mn
(d) Al, Cu, Mn, Mg
Answer:
(d) Al, Cu, Mn, Mg
Hint: Al – 95% , Cu – 4% , Mn – 0.5% , Mg – 1.1 %

Question 18.
Thermodynamically the most stable form of carbon is …………
(a) Diamond
(b) graphite
(c) Fullerene
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) graphite

Question 19.
The compound that is used in nuclear reactors as protective shields and control rods is …………
(a) Metal borides
(b) metal oxides
(c) Metal carbonates
(d) metal carbide
Answer:
(a) Metal borides

Question 20.
The stability of +1 oxidation state increases in the sequence …………
(a) Al < Ga < In < Tl
(b) Tl < In < Ga < Al
(c) In < Tl < Ga < Al
(d) Ga< In < Al < Tl
Answer:
(a) Al < Ga < In < Tl

II. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Write a short note on anamolous properties of the first element of p-block.
Answer:
In p-block elements the first member of each group differs from the other elements of the corresponding group. The following factors are responsible for this anomalous behaviour.

1. Small size of the first member.
2. High ionisation enthalpy and high electronegativity.
3. Absence of d-orbitals in their valance shell.

The first member of the group-13, boron is a metalloid while others are reactive metals. Moreover, boron shows diagonal relationship with silicon of group -14. The oxides of boron and silicon are similar in their acidic nature.

Question 2.
Describe briefly allotropism in p- block elements with specific reference to carbon.
Answer:
Some elements exist in more than one crystalline or molecular forms in the same physical state. This phenomenon is called allotropism. Most common allotropes of carbon are,

1. Graphite
2. Diamond
3. Fullerenes
4. Carbon nanotubes
5. Graphene.

1. Graphite:

• It is the most stable allotropic form of carbon at normal temperature and pressure.
• It is soft and conducts electricity.
• It is composed of flat two dimensional sheets of carbon atoms.
• Each sheet is a hexagonal net of sp² hybridised carbon atoms with a C – C bond length of 1.41 A.
• Structure of graphite,

2. Diamond:

• It is very hard.
• The carbon atoms in diamond are sp¹ hybridised, with a C – C bond length of 1.54 A.
• In the diamond, carbon atoms are arranged in tetrahedral manner.
• Structure of Diamond,

3. Fullerenes:

• It is newly synthesised allotropes of carbon.
• The C₆₀ molecules have a soccer ball like structure and is called buckminster fullerene or buckyballs.
• It has a fused ring structure consists of 20 six membered rings and 12 five membered rings.
• Each carbon atom is sp² hybridised.
• The C – C bond distance is 1.44 A and C = C distance is 1.38 A.
• Structure of fullerene,

4. Carbon nanotubes:

1. It is recently discovered allotropes, have graphite like tubes with fullerene ends.
2. These nanotubes are stronger than steel and conduct electricity.
3. Structure of Carbon nanotubes.

5. Graphene:

• It has a single planar sheet of sp² hybridised carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystals lattice.
• Structure of Graphene,

Question 3.
Boron does not react directly with hydrogen. Suggest one method to prepare diborane from BF₃.
Answer:
Boron does not react directly with hydrogen. However it forms a variety of hydrides called boranes. Treatment of gaseous boron trifluoride with sodium hydride around 450 K gives diborane.

Question 4.
Give the uses of Borax.
Answer:
Uses of borax:

• Borax is used for the identification of coloured metal ions.
• In the manufacture optical and borosilicate glass, enamels and glazes for pottery.
• It is also used as a flux in metallurgy and also acts as a good preservative.

Question 5.
What is catenation ? describe briefly the catenation property of carbon.
Answer:
Catenation:
It is the phenomenon of an atom to form a strong covalent bond with the atoms of itself. Carbon shares the property of catenation to maximum extent because it is small in size and can form pn-pn multiple bonds to itself. The following conditions are necessary for catenation.

1. The valency of element is greater than or equal to two.
2. Element should have an ability to bond with itself.
3. The self bond must be as strong as its bond with other elements.
4. Kinetic inertness of catenated compound towards other molecules. Carbon possesses all the above properties and forms a wide range of compounds with itself.

Question 6.
Write a note on Fisher tropsch synthesis.
Answer:
The reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen at a pressure of less than 50 atm using metal catalysts at 500-700 K yields saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Question 7.
Give the structure of CO and CO₂.
Answer:
Structure of CO:

Structure of CO₂:

Question 8.
Give the uses of silicones.
Answer:
Uses of silicones:

1. Silicones are used for low temperature lubrication and in vacuum pumps, high temperature oil baths etc.
2. They are used for making water proofing clothes.
3. They are used as insulting material in electrical motor and other appliances
4. They are mixed with paints and enamels to make them resistant towards high temperature, sunlight, dampness and chemicals.

Question 9.
AlCl₃ behaves like a lewis acid. Substantiate this statement.
Answer:
In AlCl₃, Al in electron deficient it needs two electrons to complete octet so it act as lewis acid. AlCl₃ usually exist as a dimer to achieve octet by bridged Cl atom electron deficient compounds are lewis acids.

Question 10.
Describe the structure of diborane.
Answer:
In diborane two BH₂ units are linked by two bridged hydrogens. Therefore, it has eight B-H bonds. However, diborane has only 12 valance electrons and are not sufficient to form normal covalent bonds. The four terminal B-H bonds are normal covalent bonds (two centre – two electron bond or 2c-2e bond). The remaining four electrons have to used for the bridged bonds, i.e. two three centred B-H-B bonds utilise two electrons each.

Hence, these bonds are three centre – two electron bonds. The bridging hydrogen atoms are in a plane as shown in the figure. In dibome, the boron is sp³ hybridised. Three of the four sp³ hybridised orbitals contains single electron and the fourth orbital is empty.

Two of the half filled hybridised orbitals of each boron overlap with the two hydrogens to form four terminal 2c-2e bonds, leaving one empty and one half filled hybridised orbitals on each boron. The Three centre – two electron bonds, B-H-B bond formation involves overlapping the half filled hybridised orbital of one boron, the empty hybridised orbital of the other boron and the half filled 1s orbital of hydrogen.

Question 11.
Write a short note on hydroboration.
Answer:
Diborane adds on to alkenes and alkynes in ether solvent at room temperature. This reaction is called as hydroboration and is highly used in synthetic organic chemistry especially for anti-Markovnikov addition.
B₂H₆ + 3RCH = CHR → B( CH₂ – CH₂R )₃+ 6H₂

Question 12.
Give one example for each of the following:

1. icosogens
2. tetragen
3. prictogen
4. chalcogen

Answer:
1. Icosogens:

• Boron
• Aluminium
• Gallium

2. Tetragen:

• Carbon
• Silicon
• Germanium

3. Prictogen:

• Oxygen
• Sulfur
• Selenium

4. Chalcogen:

• Fluorine
• Chlorine
• Bromine

Question 13.
Write a note on metallic nature of p-block elements.
Answer:

1. The tendency of an element to form a cation by loosing electrons is known as electro¬positive or metallic character.
2. This character depends on the ionisation energy.
3. Generally on descending a group the ionisation energy decreases and hence the metallic character increases.

In p-block, the elements present in lower left part are metals while the elements in the upper right part are non metals. Elements of group 13 have metallic character except the first element boron which is a metalloid, having properties intermediate between the metal and nonmetals. The atomic radius of boron is very small and it has relatively high nuclear charge and these properties are responsible for its nonmetallic character.

In the subsequent groups the non-metallic character increases. In group 14 elements, carbon is a nonmetal while silicon and germanium are metalloids. In group 15, nitrogen and phosphorus are non metals and arsenic & antimony are metalloids. In group 16, oxygen, sulphur and selenium are non metals and tellurium is a metalloid. All the elements of group 17 and 18 are non metals.

Question 14.
Complete the following reactions:
(a) B(OH)₃ + NH₃ →
(b) Na₂B₄O₇ + H₂SO₄+ H₂O →
(c) B₂H₆ + 2NaOH + 2H₂O →
(d) B₂H₆ + CH₃OH →
(e) BF₃ + 9H₂O →
(f) HCOOH + H₂SO₄→
(g) SiCl₄ + NH₃ →
(h) SiCl₄ + C₂H₅OH →
(i) B + NaOH →
(j) H₂B₄O₇ \(\underrightarrow { Red\quad hot }\)

Answer:

Question 15.
How will you identify borate radical?
Answer:
When boric acid or borate salt is heated with ethyl alcohol in presence of concentrated H₂SO₄, an ester triethyl borate is formed. The Vapour of this ester burns with a green edged flame and this reaction is used to identify the presence of borate.

Question 16.
Write a note on zeolites.
Answer:
Zeolites:

1. Zeolites are three dimensional crystalline solids containing aluminium, silicon and oxygen in their regular three dimensional framework.
2. They are hydrated sodium alumino silicates with general formula, Na₂O. (Al₂O₃). x(SiO₂)y(H₂O) (x = 2 to 10; y = 2 to 6)
3. Zeolites have porous structure in which the monovalent sodium ions and water molecules are loosely held.
4. The Si and Al atoms are tetrahederally coordinated with each other through shared oxygen atoms.
5. Zeolites structure looks like a honeycomb consisting of a network of interconnected tunnels and cages.
6. Zeolite crystal to act as a molecular sieve. They helps to remove permanent hardness of water.

Question 17.
How will you convert boric acid to boron nitride?
Answer:
Fusion of urea with boric acid B(OH)₃, in an atmosphere of ammonia at 800 – 1200 K gives

Question 18.
A hydride of 2nd period alkali metal
(A) on reaction with compound of Boron
(B) to give a reducing agent
(C) identify A, B and C.
Answer:

1. A hydride of 2^nd period alkali metal (A) is lithium hydride (LiH).
2. Lithium hydride (A) reacts with diborane (B) to give lithiumborohydride (C) which is act as reducing agent.
   

(A) Lithium hydride – LiH
(B) Diborane – B₂H₆
(C) Lithium borohydride – LiBH₄

Question 19.
A double salt which contains fourth period alkali metal
(A) on heating at 500K gives
(B). Aqueous solution of (B) gives white precipitate with BaCl₂ and gives a red colour compound with alizarin. Identify A and B.
Answer:
1. A double salt which contains fourth period alkali metal (A) is potash alum
K₂SO₄. Al₂(SO₄)₃. 24H₂O

2. On heating potash alum (A) 500 k give anhydrous potash alum (or) burnt alum (B).

3. Aqueous solution of burnt alum, has sulphates ion, potassium ion and aluminium ion. Sulphate ion reacts with BaCl₂ to form white precipitate of Barium Sulphate
(SO₄)₂ + BaCl₂ → BaSO₄ + 2Cl^–
Aluminium ion reacts with alizarin solution to give a red colour compound.

Question 20.
CO is a reducing agent. Justify with an example.
Answer:
Both thermodynamic and kinetic factors make carbon monoxide (CO) a better reducing agent. When CO is used to reduce a metal oxide, it gets oxidized to CO₂ Thermodynamically, CO₂ is much more stable than CO. For example,
CO + Fe₂O₃ → 2Fe + 3CO₂

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry p-Block Elements – I Evaluate yourself

Question 1.
Why group 18 elements are called inert gases? Write the general electronic configuration of group 18 elements.
Answer:
The elements of group-18 have completely filled s and p orbitals, hence they are more stable and have least reactivity. Therefore group-18 elements are called inert gases. ns₂np₆ is the general electronic configuration of group elements.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry p-Block Elements – I Additional Questions

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry p-Block Elements – I 1 Mark Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
More common oxidation state for halogens is …………
(a) +1
(b) +2
(c) -1
(d) -2
Answer:
(c) -1

Question 2.
Electronic configuration of noble gases is …………
(a) ns²
(b) ns²np⁵
(c) ns¹np⁶
(d) ns²np⁶
Answer:
(d) ns²np⁶

Question 3.
Noble gases are chemically inert. This is due to …………
(a) unstable electronic configuration
(b) stable electronic configuration
(c) only filled p-orbital
(d) only filled 5-orbital
Answer:
(b) stable electronic configuration

Question 4.
Consider the following statements.
(i) The first member of the group-13, boron is a metalloid while others are reactive metals.
(ii) The oxides of boron and silicon are similar in their acidic nature.
(iii) Both boron and silicon form metallic hydrides.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are not correct?
(a) (i) only
(b) (ii) only
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) only
Answer:
(d) (iii) only

Question 5.
Which element has a greater tendency to form a chain of bonds with itself?
(a) Boron
(b) Silicon
(c) Tin
(d) Carbon
Answer:
(d) Carbon

Question 6.
Which one of the following is the strongest oxidising agent?
(a) Fluorine
(b) Chlorine
(c) Bromine
(d) Iodine
Answer:
(a) Fluorine

Question 7.
Some elements exist in more than one crystalline or molecular forms in the same physical state is called …………
(a) isomerism
(b) allotropism
(c) isomorphism
(d) isoelectronics
Answer:
(b) allotropism

Question 8.
How many allotropes possible for boron?
(a) 1
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 7
Answer:
(c) 6

Question 9.
Important ore of boron is …………
(a) bauxite
(b) borosilicate
(c) borax
(d) P-tetragonal boron
Answer:
(c) borax

Question 10.
Less reactive elements in boron family is …………
(a) Boron
(b) Aluminium
(c) Gallium
(d) Thallium
Answer:
(b) Aluminium

Question 11.
More toxic element in boron family is …………
(a) Boron
(b) Aluminium
(c) Gallium
(d) Thallium
Answer:
(d) Thallium

Question 12.
Boron does not …………
(a) Oxygen
(b) Hydrogen
(c) Acids
(d) Alkali
Answer:
(b) Hydrogen

Question 13.
Borontrifluoride reacts with sodium hydride at 450 K gives …………
(a) diborane
(b) tetraborane
(c) pentaborane
(d) decaborane
Answer:
(a) diborane

Question 14.
2B + N₂ \(\underrightarrow { \triangle }\) A . Identify A
(a) BN₃
(b) B₃N
(c) (BN)₃
(d) BN
Answer:
(d) BN

Question 15.
Boron reacts with fused sodium hydroxide to forms …………
(a) Borax
(b) Boric acid
(c) Sodium borate
(d) Sodium tetraborate
Answer:
(c) Sodium borate

Question 16.
Which isotope is used as moderator in nuclear reactors?
(a) ¹⁰B₅
(b) ⁿC₆
(c) ⁴He₂
(d) ⁴⁰Ca₂
Answer:
(a) ¹⁰B₅

Question 17.
Borax is ………… in nature.
(a) basic
(b) acidic
(c) amphoteric
(d) chemically inert
Answer:
(a) basic

Question 18.
The compound used as a flux in metallurgy?
(a) Boron nitride
(b) Boron oxide
(c) Boron fluoride
(d) Borax
Answer:
(d) Borax

Question 19.
The trialkylborate on reaction with sodiumhydride in tetrahydrofuran to form …………
(a) NaBH₄
(b) Na[BH(OR)₃]
(c) Na[B(OR)₃]
(d) Na[BH(OR)₃]
Answer:
(b) Na[BH(OR)₃]

Question 20.
Compounds used as an eye lotion …………
(a) H₃BO₃
(b) HBO₂
(c) H₂B₄O₇
(d) B₂O₃
Answer:
(a) H₃BO₃

Question 21.
Which one of the following is highly reactive compound?
(a) B₂OH₃
(b) H₂BO₃
(c) HBO₂
(d) B₂H₆
Answer:
(d) B₂H₆

Question 22.
B₂H₆ + 6CH₃OH → A Identify A
(a) B₂O₃
(b) CH₃OB
(c) CH₃OH
(d) B(OCH₃)₃
Answer:
(d) B(OCH₃)₃

Question 23.
Which one of the following is called as inorganic benzene?
(a) B₂H₆
(b) BN
(c) H₂B₄O₇
(d) B₃N₃H₆
Answer:
(d) B₃N₃H₆

Question 24.
Compound contains two centred – two electron bond (2c-2e) is …………
(a) B₆H₁₁
(b) B₅H₉
(c) B₂H₆
(d) B₁₀H₁₁
Answer:
(c) B₂H₆

Question 25.
Diborane reacts with excess ammonia at high temperature to give …………
(a) Boron nitride
(b) Boron oxide
(c) Borazole
(d) Diborane diammonate
Answer:
(c) Borazole

Question 26.
Consider the following statements.
(i) Diborane contains two centre-two electron bond.
(ii) In diborane, the boron has sp³ hybridis ed.
(iii) Diborane has two terminal B – H bonds and four B – H – B bonds.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct.
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) only
(d) (i) and (ii)
Answer:
(d) (i) and (ii)

Question 27.
Compound used for propellant is …………
(a) BN
(b) H₂B₄O₇
(c) B₂H₂
(d) Borax
Answer:
(c) B₂H₂

Question 28.
Which one of the following is double salt?
(a) Potash alum
(b) Potassium sulphate
(c) Aluminium Sulphate
(d) Ammonium sulphate
Answer:
(a) Potash alum

Question 29.
Consider the following statements.
(i) Alums are more soluble in hot water than in cold water.
(ii) Alums are more soluble in cold water than in hot water.
(iii) Potash alum is employed a styptic agent to arrest bleeding.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are not correct?
(a) (i) only
(b) (ii) only
(c) (iii) only
(d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
Answer:
(b) (ii) only

Question 30.
The structure of graphite is …………
(a) planner
(b) hexagonal
(c) octahedral
(d) bucky balls
Answer:
(b) hexagonal

Question 31.
Which one of the following is used as a lubricant?
(a) Graphite
(b) Diamond
(c) Fullerene
(d) Graphene
Answer:
(a) Graphite

Question 32.
Which one of the following carbon allotrope is very hard?
(a) Graphite
(b) Diamond
(c) Fullerene
(d) Graphene
Answer:
(b) Diamond

Question 33.
Recently discovered allotropes of carbon is …………
(a) Graphite
(b) Diamond
(c) Carbon nanotubes
(d) Fullerenes
Answer:
(c) Carbon nanotubes

Question 34.
CO and N₂ mixture is …………
(a) natural gas
(b) producer gas
(c) water gas
(d) LPG
Answer:
(b) producer gas

Question 35.
Syn gas is …………
(a) CO + N₂
(b) CO + H₂
(c) CO₂ + H₂
(d) CO₂ + N₂
Answer:
(b) CO + H₂

Question 36.
Ethene is mixed with carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas to produce propanal is known as …………
(a) Oxo process
(b) McAfee process
(c) Wacker process
(d) Haber process
Answer:
(a) Oxo process

Question 37.
………… is a good reducing agent.
(a) CO
(b) CO₂
(c) [Cr(CO)₆]
(d) [Ni(CO)₄]
Answer:
(a) CO

Question 38.
Critical temperature of CO₂ is ………..
(a) -31°C
(b) -13°C
(c) 31°C
(d) 13°C
Answer:
(c)31°C

Question 39.
Which one of the following compound is important for photosynthesis?
(a) CO
(b) CO₂
(c) COCl₂
(d) C
Anwer:
(b) CO

Question 40.
General empirical formula of silicone is ………..
(a) (R₂SiO)
(b) (RSiO)
(c) (R₂CO)
(d) (RSiH)
Answer:
(a) (R₂SiO)

Question 41.
Consider the following statements.
(i) All Silicones are hydrophilic in nature.
(ii) Silicones are thermal and electrical insulators.
(iii) Chemically silicones are highly reactive.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are not correct?
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (ii) only
Answer:
(b) (i) and (iii)

Question 42.
Silicate contains ……….. silicon and oxygen in units.
(a) [SiO₂]^4-
(b) [SiO₂]
(c) [SiO₂]^2-
(d) [SiO₂]^–
Answer:
(a) [SiO₂]^4-

Question 43.
Ortho silicates are also called as ………..
(a) Ino silicates
(b) Soro silicates
(c) Neso silicates
(d) Cyclic silicates
Answer:
(c) Neso silicates

Question 44.
Example of Ring silicate is ………..
(a) Olivine
(b) Beryl
(c) Spodumene
(d) Asbestos
Answer:
(b) Beryl

Question 45.
Pick out the three dimensional silicates?
(a) Talc
(b) Mica
(c) Quartz
(d) Asbestos
Answer:
(c) Quartz

Question 46.
Compound used to remove the permanent hardness of water is ………..
(a) Zeolite
(b) Feldspar
(c) Talc
(d) Mica
Answer:
(a) Zeolite

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. …………… is the general electronic configuration of tetragen elements.
2. Boron and silicon form …………… hydrides.
3. …………… is most reactive element among the halogens.
4. Most stable oxidation state of aluminium is ……………
5. General formula of metal boride is ……………
6. Boron has the capacity to absorb ……………
7.  …………… is used as a rocket fuel igniter.
8. …………… is essential for the cell walls of plants.
9. …………… is a chemical formula of boron.
10. …………… is used for the identification of coloured metal ions.
11. …………… is a colourless transparent crystal.
12. Boric acid has a …………… structure.
13. Boric acid consists of …………… unit.
14. On heating magnesium boride with HCl a mixture of volatile …………… are obtained.
15. Diborane reacts with methylalcohol to give ……………
16. Diborane has …………… B – H bonds.
17. In diborane, the boron is …………… hybridised.
18.  …………… is inorganic benzene.
19. Boron trifluoride has a …………… geometry.
20. Anhydrous aluminium chloride is a …………… substance.
21. With excess of NaOH, aluminium chloride produces ……………
22. …………… is used for the manufacture of petrol by cracking the mineral oils.
23. …………… is used for water proofing and textiles.
24. ……………is the most stable allotropic form of carbon at normal temperature and pressure.
25. …………… is allotropic form of carbon has aromatic character.
26. Graphene has …………… lattice.
27. Carbonyl chloride is a …………… gas.
28. Equimolar mixture of hydrogen and carbonmonoxide is called as ……………
29. Producer gas is a mixture of …………… and ……………
30. Aqueous solution of carbon dioxide forms ……………
31. …………… are high temperature polymers.
32. The viscosity of silicon oil remains ……………
33.  …………… are used as insulating material.
34. In beryl, each aluminium is surrounded by ……………
35. …………… is carcinogenic silicates.
36. Three dimensional by replacing units by ……………
37. …………… crystal to act as a molecular sieve.
38. Borax is a sodium salt of ……………

Answers:

1. ns²np²
2. covalent
3. Fluorine
4. +3
5. MxBy
6. neutrons
7. Amorphous boron
8. Boron
9. Na₂B₄O₇. 10H₂O
10. Borax
11. Boric acid
12. two dimensional layered
13. [BO₃]^3-
14. borones
15. trimethylborate
16. eight
17. sp³
18. Borazine
19. planar
20. hygroscopic
21. Sodium meta aluminate
22. AlCF
23. Potash alum
24. Graphite
25. Fullerene
26. honey comb nitrogen
27. poisonous
28. water gas
29. carbonmonoxide, nitrogen
30. carbonic acid
31. silicones
32. constant
33. Silicones
34. six oxygen
35. Asbestos
36. [SiO₄]^4-; [AlO₄]^5-
37. Zeolite
38. tetraboric acid

III. Match the following:

Question 1.
(i) Tetragens – (a) Oxygen
(ii) Icosagens – (b) Carbon
(iii) Chalcogens – (c) Nitrogen
(iv) Pnictogens – (d) Boron
Answer:
(i) – (b)
(ii) – (d)
(iii) – (a)
(iv) – (c)

Question 2.
(i) Borax – (a) Na₂B₄O₇
(ii) Prismatic form – (b) Na₂B₄O_7. 5H₂O
(iii) Jeweller borax – (c) Na₂B₄O_7. 10H₂O
(iv) Borax glass – (d) [B₄O₅(OH)₄]₂
Answer:
(i) – (c)
(ii) – (d)
(iii) – (b)
(iv) – (a)

Question 3.
(i) Boron – (a) Optical
(ii) Borax – (b) Neutron absorber
(iii) Boric acid – (c) Welding torches
(iv) Diborane – (d) Eye lotion
Answer:
(i) – (b)
(ii) – (a)
(iii) – (d)
(iv) – (c)

Question 4.
(i) Graphene – (a) Honeycomb crystal
(ii) Diamond – (b) Aromatic character
(iii) Fullerene – (c) Lubricant
(iv) Graphite – (d) Very hard
Answer:
(i) – (c)
(ii) – (d)
(iii) – (b)
(iv) – (a)

Question 5.
(i) Ortho silicate
(ii) Pyro silicate
(iii) Cyclic silicate
(iv) Tecto silicate
Answer:
(i) – (d)
(ii) – (a)
(iii) – (b)
(iv) – (c)

IV. Assertion and reason:

Note:
In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) A and R are correct and R explains A.
(b) A and R are correct and R not explains A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.

Question 1.
Assertion (A) – Noble gases are least reactivity.
Reason (R) – Noble gases have completely filled s and p-orbital and attain stable electronic configuration.
Answer:
(a) A and R are correct and R explains A.

Question 2.
Assertion (A) – Both boron and silicon form covalent hydrides.
Reason (R) – Boron does not shows diagonal relationship with silicon of group 14.
Answer:
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.

Question 3.
Assertion (A) – Fluorine is most reactive element among the halogens.
Reason (R) – Fluorine has minimum bond dissociation energy.
Answer:
(a) A and R are correct and R explains A.

Question 4.
Assertion (A) – Boron combines with halogen to form trihalides at high temperatures.
Reason (R) – Boron does not reacts directly with hydrogen.
(b) A and R are correct and R not explains A.

Question 5.
Assertion (A) – Boron-10 isotope is used as moderator in nuclear reactors.
Reason (R) – Boron has the capacity to absorb neutrons.
Answer:
(a) A and R are correct and R explains A.

Question 6.
Assertion (A) – Diborane is highly reactive.
Reason (R) – At high temperatures, diborane forms higher boranes.
Answer:
(b) A and R are correct and R not explains A.

Question 7.
Assertion (A) – BF₃ reacts with ammonia to form complex.
Reason (R) – BF₃ is a electron deficient compound and accepts electron pairs to form coordinate covalent bonds.
Answer:
(a) A and R are correct and R explains A.

Question 8.
Assertion (A) – Fullerene has aromatic character.
Reason (R) – Some of the fullerenes have e-bonds and delocalised n-bonds.
Answer:
(a) A and R are correct and R explains A.

Question 9.
Assertion (A) – Carbon dioxide is non flammable gas.
Reason (R) – CO₂ critical temperature is 31°C and can be readily liquefied.
Answer:
(b) A and R are correct and R not explains A.

Question 10.
Assertion (A) – Zeolites act as a molecular sieve.
Reason (R) – Zeolite structure is pore/ channel sizes are nearly uniform.
Answer:
(a) A and R are correct and R explains A.

V. Find the odd one out and given the reason:

Question 1.
(a) Icosagens
(b) Tetragens
(c) Alkali metals
(d) Chalcogens
Answer:
(c) Alkali metals
Reason: Alkali metals are s-block elements but other are p-block elements.

Question 2.
(a) Al
(b)B
(c) O
(d) Na
Answer:
(d) Na
Reason: Na is s-block element but others are p-block elements.

Question 3.
(a) Diborane
(b) Borax
(c) Carbonmonoxide
(d) Boric acid
Answer:
(c) Carbonmonoxide
Reason: Carbonmonoxide is not a compound of boron.

Question 4.
(a) B₃N₃H₆
(b) B₄H₁₀
(c) B₅H₉
(d) B₅H₁₁
Answer:
(a) B₃N₃H₆
Reason: B₃N₃H₆ not a higher borane

Question 5.
(a) Potash alum
(b) Sodium alum
(c) Burnt alum
(d) Ammonium alum
Answer:
(c) Burnt alum
Reason: Burnt alum does not having water molecule.

Question 6.
(a) Graphite
(b) Borax
(c) Fullerene
(d) Diamond
Answer:
(b) Borax
Reason: Borax is not a allotropic form of carbon.

Question 7.
(a)B
(b) Ga
(c) In
(d) N
Answer:
(d) N
Reason: N is not a icosagens.

VI. Find out the correct pair:

Question 1.
(a) Ortho sililcate – Soro silicate
(b) Pyro silicate – Neso silicate
(c) Chain silicate – Pyroxenes
(d) Double chain silicate – Ring silicate
Answer:
(c) Chain silicate – Pyroxenes

Question 2.
(a) Graphene – 1.54 A
(b) Diamond – 1.40 A
(c) Fullerene – 1.38 A
(d) Graphite – 1.40 A
Answer:
(d) Graphite – 1.40 A

Question 3.
(a) Diborane – welding torches
(b) AlCl₃ – Eye lotion
(c) Borax – pigments
(d) Boric acid – optical
Answer:
(a) Diborane – welding torches

Question 4.
(a) Inert gas – ns²np²
(b) Chalcogens – ns²np¹
(c) Pnictogens – ns²np⁴
(d) Tetragens – ns²np⁴
Answer:
(c) Pnictogens – ns²np³

Question 5.
(a) Icosagen – Oxygen
(b) Tetragen – Carbon
(c) Chalcogen – Fluorine
(d) Halogen – Boron
Answer:
(b) Tetragen – Carbon

VII. Find out the incorrect pair:

Question 1.
(a) Tetragens – ns²np²
(b) Icosagens – ns²np¹
(c) Chalcogens – ns²np⁴
(d) Halogens – ns²np⁶
Answer:
(d) Halogens – ns²np⁶

Question 2.
(a) Boron is BF₃ – +3
(b) Carbon in CO₂ – +4
(c) Nitrogen in N₂O₅ – +5
(d) Fluorine in OF₂ – +4
Answer:
(d) Fluorine in OF₂ – +4

Question 3.
(a) Nitrogen – Tetragens
(b) Oxygen – Chalcogens
(c) Tin – Tetragens
(d) Gallium – Icosagens
Answer:
(a) Nitrogen – Tetragens

Question 4.
(a) Boron – Moderator
(b) Borax – Eye lotion
(c) Boric acid – Antiseptic
(d) Diborane – Propellant
Answer:
(b) Borax – Eye lotion

Question 5.
(a) McAfee process – AlCl₃
(b) Burnt alum – K₂SO₄-Al₂(SO₄)₃
(c) Oxo process – Propanal
(d) Fischer tropsch Synthesis – HCOOH
Answer:
(d) Fischer tropsch Synthesis – HCOOH

Question 6.
(a) Soro silicate – Thortveitite
(b) Ring silicate – Beryl
(c) Sheet silicate – Asbestos
(d) Neso silicate – Olivine
Answer:
(c) Sheet silicate – Asbestos

Question 7.
(a) Pyroxenes – Phenacite
(b) Amphiboles – Asbestos
(c) Phyllo silicate – Mica
(d) Tecto silicate – Quartz
Answer:
(a) Pyroxenes – Phenacite

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry p-Block Elements – I 2 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are Wade’s Rule?
Answer:
Wade’s rules are used to rationalize the shape of borane clusters by calculating the total number of skeletal electron pairs (SEP) available for cluster bonding.

Question 2.
Why-1 oxidation state is more common in halogens. Explain.
Answer:
The halogens have a strong tendency to gain an electron to give a stable halide ion with completely filled electronic configuration (ns₂sp₆) and hence-1 oxidation state is more common in halogens.

Question 3.
Why boron has non-metallic character?
Answer:
The atomic radius of boron is very small and it has relatively high nuclear charge and these properties are responsible for its non-metallic character.

Question 4.
Define inert pair effect.
Answer:
In heavier post-transition metals, the outer s-electron(m) have a tendency to remain inert and show reluctance to take part in the bonding (only p-orbital involved in chemical bonding), which is known as inert pair effect.

Question 5.
Mention the allotropes of boron.
Answer:

1. Amorphous boron
2. a-rhombohedral boron
3. p-rhombohedral boron
4. γ – rhombohedral boron
5. α – tetragonal boron
6. β – tetragonal boron

Question 6.
List out the allotropes of tin.
Answer:

1. Grey tin
2. White tin
3. Rhombic tin
4. Sigma tin

Question 7.
Mention the allotropes of phosphorous?
Answer:

1. White phosphorous
2. Red phosphorous (v)
3. Scarlet phosphorous
4. Violet phosphorous
5. Black phosphorous

Question 8.
Give the two allotropes of sulphur.
Answer:

1. Rhombus
2. Monoclinic

Question 9.
Why boron compounds are covalent in nature?
Answer:
Many of boron compounds are electron deficient and has unusual type of covalent bonding, which is due to its small size, high ionisation energy and similarity in electronegativity with carbon and hydrogen.

Question 10.
Define Borax is basic in nature.
Answer:
Borax is basic in nature and its solution in hot-water is alkaline as it dissociates into boric acid and sodium hydroxide,
Na₂B₄O₇ + 7H₂O → 4H₃BO₃ + 2NaOH

Question 11.
Explain action of heat on borax.
Answer:
On heating borax, it forms a transparent borax beads.

Question 12.
What happen when borax treated with ammonium chloride?
Answer:
When borax treated with ammonium chloride, it forms boron nitride.

Question 13.
What happen when boric acids reacts with sodium hydroxide?
Answer:
Boric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium metaborate and sodium tetraborate.

Question 14.
Identify A and B from the following reaction,

Answer:

Question 15.
Explain the action of air on diborane.
Answer:
At room temperature pure diborane does not react with air or oxygen but in impure form it gives [B2O₃]^3- along with large amount of heat.

Question 16
Explain the action of air on diborane.
Answer:
At room temperature pure diborane does not react with air or oxygen but in impure form it gives B₂O₃ along with large amount of heat.
B₂H₆+ 3O₂ → B₂O₃ + 3H₂O

Question 17.
How will you convert diborane into sodium borohydride?
Answer:
Diborane reacts with sodium hydride in the presence of diglyme to give sodim borohydride.

Question 18.
Mention the uses o boron trifluoride.
Answer:

1. Boron trifluoride is used for preparing HBF₄, a catalyst in organic chemistry
2. It is also used as a fluorinating reagent.

Question 19.
What is MCA fee process?
Answer:
Aluminium chloride is obtained by heating a mixture of alumina and coke in a current of chloride.

Question 20.
What happen when potash alum is treated with ammonium hydroxide?
Answer:
Potash alum forms aluminium hydroxide, when, treated with ammonium hydroxide
K₂SO_4. A₁₂(SO₄)₃. 24H₂O + 6NH₄OH → K₂SO₄ + 3(NH₄)2SO₄ + 24H₂O + 3Al(OH)₃

Question 21.
What is producer gas? How will you prepare producer gas?
Answer:
On industrial scale carbon monoxide is produced by the reaction of carbon with air. The carbon monoxide formed will contain nitrogen gas also and the mixture of nitrogen and carbon monoxide is called producer gas.

Question 22.
What is synthetic gas?
Answer:
A mixture of carbonmonoxide and hydrogen is called synthetic gas.

Question 23.
What is phosgene?
Answer:
When carbon monoxide is treated with chlorine in presence of light or charcoal, it forms a poisonous gas carbonyl chloride, when is also known as phosgene.

Question 24.
How will you prepare propanal by oxoprocess?
Answer:
In oxoprocess, ethene is mixed with carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas to produce propanal.

Question 25.
What are water gas equilibrium?
Answer:
The equilibrium involved in the reaction between carbon dioxide and hydrogen, has many industrial applications and is called water gas equilibrium.

Question 26.
Mention the uses of silicon tetrachloride.
Answer:

1. Silicon tetrachloride is used in the production of semiconducting silicon.
2. It is used as a starting material in the synthesis of silica gel, silicic esters, a binder for ceramic materials.

Question 27.
What are silicones?
Answer:
Silicones or poly siloxanes are organo silicon polymers with general empirical formula (R₂SiO). Since their empirical formula is similar to that of ketone (R₂CO), they were named silicones.

Question 28.
What are high-temperature polymers?
Answer:
Silicones are high-temperature polymers, because they have high thermal stability.

Question 29.
Why silicones are water repellent?
Answer:
All silicones are water repellent, this is due to the presence of organic side groups that surrounds the silicon which makes the molecule looks like an alkane. Therefore silicones are water repellent.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry p-Block Elements – I 3 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write a notes on ionisation enthalpy in p-block elements?
Answer:
1. As we move down a group, generally there is a steady decrease in ionisation enthalpy of elements due to increase in their atomic radius.

2. In p-block elements there are some minor deviations to this general trend. In group 13, from B to Al the ionisation enthalpy decreases as expected. But from Al to Tl there is only a marginal difference. This is due to the presence of inner d- and f-elements which has poor shielding effect compared to s and p electrons. As a result, the effective nuclear charge on the valance electrons increase.

3. A similar trend is also observed in group 14. The remaining groups (15-18) follows the general trend, in these groups the ionisation enthalpy decreases as we move down the group. Here poor shielding effect of d- and f-electrons are overcome by the increased shielding effect of the additional p-electrons.

4. The ionisation enthalpy of elements in successive groups is higher than the corresponding elements of the previous group as expected.

Question 2.
Give the uses of boron.
Answer:

1. Boron has the capacity to absorb neutrons. Hence, its isotope ¹⁰B₅ is used as moderator in nuclear reactors.
2. Amorphous boron is used as a rocket fuel igniter.
3. Boron is essential for the cell walls of plants.
4. Compounds of boron have many applications. For example eye drops, antiseptics, washing powders etc..contains boric acid and borax. In the manufacture of Pyrex glass , boric oxide is used.

Question 3.
How will be prepare borax from colemanite?
Answer:
Borax is a sodium salt of tetraboric acid. It is obtained from colemanite ore by boiling its solution with sodium carbonate.

Question 4.
Explain the extraction of boric acid from,

1. 1. Borax
   2. Colemanite

Answer:
1. Borax – Borax is treated with hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid or nitric acid to give boric acid.

2. Colemanite – Colemanite is boiling with water, to give boric acid.

Question 5.
Explain the action of heat on boric acid.
Answer:
Boric acid when heated at 373 K gives metaboric acid and at 413 K, it gives tetraboric acid. When heated at red hot, it gives boric anhydride which is a glassy mass.

• 4 H₃BO₃ \(\underrightarrow { 373k }\) 4HBOz + H₂O
• 4HBO₂ \(\underrightarrow { 413k }\) H₂B₄O₇ + H₂O
• H₂B₄O₇ \(\underrightarrow { Red hot }\) 2B₂O₃ + H₂O

Question 6.
How will you convert, boric acid into,

1. Boron trifluoride
2. Borax

Answer:
1. Boron trifluoride:
Boric acid reacts with calcium fluoride in presence of cone. Sulphuric acid and gives boron trifluoride.

2. Borax:
Boric acid, when heated with soda ash it gives borax.

Question 7.
Mention the use of boric acid.
Answer:

1. Boric acid is used in the manufacture of pottery glazes, glass, enamels and pigments.
2. It is used as an antiseptic and as an eye lotion.
3. It is also used as a food preservative.

Question 8.
Explain the preparation of diborane.
Answer:
1. Diborane can also be obtained in small quantities by the reaction of iodine with sodium borohydride in diglyme.
2NaBH₄ + I₂ → B₂H₆ + 2NaI + H₂

2. On heating magnesium boride with HCl a mixture of volatile boranes are obtained.

• 2Mg₃B₂+ 12HCl → 6MgCl₂ + B₄H₁₀ + H₂
• B₄H₁₀+ H₂ → 2B₂Hg (Diborane)

Question 9.
What happen when diborane heated at various temperature?
Answer:
Diboranc is a gas at room temperature with sweet smell and it is extremely toxic. It is also highly reactive. At high temperatures it forms higher boranes liberating hydrogen.

Question 10.
Explain the reaction between diborane and ammonia?
Answer:
When treated with excess ammonia at low temperatures diborane gives diborane – diammonate on heating at higher temperature diborane gives borazole.

Question 11.
Why borontrifluoride is act as lewis acid? Explain the react between BF₃ and ammonia?
Answer:
BF₃ is an electron deficient compound and accepts electron pairs to form coordinate covalent bonds. Therefore, borontrifluoride is act as lewis acid. When BF₃ reacts with ammonia to form complex.

Question 12.
How does AlCl₃ reacts with following reagents?

1. H₂O
2. NH₄OH
3. NaOH

Answer:
1. When aluminium chloride reacts with water to form aluminium hydroxide.
AlCl₃ + 3H₂O → Al(OH)₃ + 3HCl

2. With ammonium hydroxide, aluminium chloride forms aluminium hydroxide.
AlCl₃ + 3NH₇OH → Al(OH)₃ + 3NH₄C₁

3. With excess of sodium hydroxide AlCl₃ produces sodium meta aluminate.
AlCl₃ + 4NaOH → NaAlO₂ + 2H₂O + 3NaCl

Question 13.
Give the uses of aluminium chloride.
Answer:

1. Anhydrous aluminium chloride is used as a catalyst in Friedels Crafts reactions.
2. It is used for the manufacture of petrol by cracking the mineral oils.
3. It is used as a catalyst in the manufacture on dyes, drugs and perfumes.

Question 14.
How will you prepare potash alum?
Answer:
The alunite the alum stone is the naturally occurring form and it is K₂SO₄. A₁₂(SO₄)₃. 4Al(OH)₃. When alum stone is treated with excess of sulphuric acid, the aluminium hydroxide is converted to aluminium sulphate. A calculated quality of potassium sulphate is added and the solution is crystallised to generate potash alum. It is purified by recrystallisation.

K₂SO₄. A₁₂(SO₄)₃. 4Al(OH)₃ + 6H₂SO₄ → K₂SO₄ + Al₂(SO ₄)₃ + 12H₂O
K₂SO₄ + A₁₂(SO₄)₂ + 24H₂O → K₂SO₄. A₁₂(SO₄)₃. 24H₂O

Question 15.
Mention the uses of the potash alum.
Answer:

1. It is used for purification of water
2. It is also used for water proofing and textiles
3. It is used in dyeing, paper and leather tanning industries
4. It is employed as a styptic agent to arrest bleeding.

Question 16.
What is burnt alum?
Answer:
When potash alum is heated at 365 K. It melts and form molten state. Again heated at 475 K they lose water of hydration and swells up. Thee swollen mass is known as burnt alum.

Question 17.
What are all the conditions are necessary for catenation?
Answer:
Essential condition for catenation:

1. The valency of elements is greater than or equal to two.
2. Element should have an ability to bond with itself.
3. The self bond must be as strong as its bond with other elements.
4. Kinetic inertness of catenated compound towards other molecules.

Question 18.
Give any three methods to prepare carbon monoxide.
Answer:
1. Carbon monoxide can be prepared by the reaction of carbon with limited amount of oxygen.
2C + O₂ → 2CO

2. On industrial scale carbon monoxide is produced by the reaction of carbon with air.

3. Pure carbon monoxide is prepared by warming methanoic acid with concentrated sulphuric acid which act as a dehydrating agent.
HCOOH + H₂SO₄ → CO + H₂O + H₂SO₄

Question 19.
Mention the uses the carbon monoxide.
Answer:

1. Equimolar mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide – water gas and the mixture of carbon monoxide and nitrogen – producer gas are important industrial fuels
2. Carbon monoxide is a good reducing agent and can reduce many metal oxides to metals.
3. Carbon monoxide is an important ligand and forms carbonyl compound with transition metals

Question 20.
Explain the methods to prepare carbon dioxide.
Answer:
1. On industrial scale it is produced by burning coke in excess of air.

2. Calcination of lime produces carbon dioxide as by product.
CaCO₃ \(\underrightarrow { \triangle }\) CaO + CO₂

3. Carbon dioxide is prepared in laboratory by the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on metal carbonates.
CaCO₂ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂

Question 21.
Give the uses of carbon dioxide.
Answer:

1. Carbon dioxide is used to produce an inert atomosphere for chemical processing.
2. Biologically, it is important for photosynthesis.
3. It is also used as fire extinguisher and as a propellent gas.
4. It is used in the production of carbonated beverages and in the production of foam.

Question 22.
Explain the preparation of silicon tetrachloride.
Answer:
1. Silicon tetrachloride can be prepared by passing dry chlorine over an intimate mixture of silica and carbon by heating to 1675 K in a porcelain tube.
SiO₂ + 2C + 2Cl₂ → SiCl₂ + 2CO

2. On commercial scale, reaction of silicon with hydrogen chloride gas occurs above 600 K.
Si + 4HCl → SiCl₄ + 2H₂

Question 23.
Complete the following reaction,

1. SiCl₄ + H₂O → ?
2. SiCl₄ + C₂HSOH → ?
3. 

Answer:

1. SiCl₄ + 4H₂O → Si(OH)₄ + 4HCl
2. SiCl₄ + C₂H₅OH → Si(OC₂H₅)₄+ 2C₁₂
3. 

Question 24.
Explain the types of silicones.
Answer:

1. Linear silicones – They are obtained by the hydrolysis and subsequent condensation of dialkyl or diaryl silicon chlorides.
   • Silicone rubbers – These silicones are bridged together by methylene or similar groups.
   • Silicone resins – They are obtained by blending silicones with organic resins such as acrylic esters.
2. Cyclic silicones – These are obtained by the hydrolysis of R₂SiCl₂.
3. Cross linked silicones – They are obtained by hydrolysis of RSiClr

Question 25.
Mention the properties of silicones.
Answer:

1. All silicones are water repellent.
2. They are thermal and electrical insulators.
3. Chemically they are inert.
4. Lower silicones are oily liquids whereas higher silicones with long chain structure are waxy solids.
5. The viscosity of silicon oil remains constant and doesn’t change with temperature and they don’t thicken during winter.

Question 26.
What are silicates and mention the types of silicates?
Answer:
Silicates:
The mineral which contains silicon and oxygen in tetrahedral [\({ { [S{ i }{ O }_{ 4 }] } }^{ 4- }\) units linked together in different patterns are called silicates.
types of Silicates:

1. Ortho silicates
2. Pyro silicates
3. Cyclic silicates
4. Ino silicates
5. Phyllo silicates
6. Tecto silicates

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry p-Block Elements – I 5 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
An element (A) extracted from kernite. A reacts with nitrogen at high temperature gives B. A reacts with alkali to form C. Find out A, B and C. Give the chemical equations.
Answer:
1. An element (A) extracted form kemite is boron.

2. Boron reacts with nitrogen at high temperature gives Boron nitride (B)

3. Boron reacts with alkali (NaOH) to gives sodium borate (C).

Question 2.
Compound A is used in the manufacture of opticals. A on heating gives B. B further heating to form C. A reacts with hydrochloric acid to give D. Identify A, B and C. Explain the reaction.
Answer:
1. Compound (A) is borax, which is used in the manufacture of opticals.

2. Borax (A) on heating to give borax glass (B). Borax glass on further heating to give sodium metaborate (C).

3. Borax (A) reacts with hydrochloride acid to give boric acid.

Question 3.
Complete the reaction.

Answer:
Boric acid when heated at 373 K gives metaboric acid (A) and A heated at 413 K it gives tetraboric acid (B). B heated at red hot it gives boric anhydride (C).

Question 4.
Sodium borohydride reacts with iodine in the presence of diglyme to give A. A heated at 388 K give B. A heated at 373 K in sealed tube to form C. A further heated at red hot condition to give element D. Find out A, B, C and D. Give the reactions.
Answer:
1. Sodium borohydride reacts with iodine in the presence of diglyme to give diborane (A).

2. Diborane (A) heated at 388 K gives pentaborane (11) (B).

3. Diborane (A) heated at 373 K in the sealed tube to form decaborane

(14) (C).Diborane (A) heated at red hot conditions to give element boron (D) Diborane B₂H₆

Question 5.
How does carbonmonoxide reacts with following reagents,
(i) O₂
(ii) Cl₂
(iii) F₂O₃
(iv) H₂
(v) ethene
Answer:

Question 6.
Explain the preparation of silicones.
Answer:
Generally silicones are prepared by the hydrolysis of dialkyldichiorosilanes (R₂SiCl₂) or diaryldichlorosilanes Ar₂SiCl₂, which are prepared by passing vapours of RCl or ArCl over siliconat 570 K with copper as a catalyst.
2RCl + Si \(\underrightarrow { Cu/570k }\) R₂SiCl₂

The hydrolysis of dialkvlchloro silanes R₂SiCl₂ yields to a straight chain polymer which grown from both the sides

The hydrolysis of monoalkylchloro silanes RSiCl₃, yields to a very complex cross linked polymer Linear silicones can be converted into cyclic or ring silicones when water molecules is removed

Question 7.
Discuss the ortho and pyro silicates.
Answer:
Ortho silicates:
The simplest silicates which contain discrete [SiO₄]^4- tetrahedral units are called ortho silicates or neso silicates.
Examples:
Phenacite – Be₂SiO₄(Be²⁺) ions are tetrahedrally surrounded by O_2- ions). Olivine – (Fe/Mg)₂SiO₄( Fe²⁺ and Mg²⁺ cations are octahedrally surrounded by O^2-ions).

Pyro silicates:
Silicates which contain [Si₂O₇]^6- ions are called pyro silicates (or) Soro silicates They are formed by joining two [SiO₄]^4- tetrahedral units by sharing one oxygen atom at one comer, (one oxygen is removed while, joining).
Example:
Thortveitite – SC₂Si₂O₇.

Question 8.
Explain:

1. Cyclic silicates
2. Ino silicates

Answer:
1. Cyclic silicates:
Silicates which contain \(({ Si{ O }_{ 3 }) }_{ n }^{ 2n- }\) ions which are formed by linking three or more tetrahedral \(({ Si{ O }_{ 3 }) }_{ n }^{ 4- }\) units cyclically are called cyclic silicates. Each silicate unit shares two of its oxygen atoms with other units.
Example:
Beryl [Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆] (an aluminosilicate with each aluminium is surrounded by 6 Structure of Cyclic silicates

2. Ino silicones:
Silicates which contain V number of silicate units liked by sharing two or more oxygen atoms are called inosilicates. They are further classified as chain silicates and double chain silicates. Chain silicates (or pyroxenes) – These silicates contain \(({ Si{ O }_{ 3 }) }_{ n }^{ 2n- }\) ions formed by linking ‘n’ number of tetrahedral \(({ Si{ O }_{ 3 }) }_{ n }^{ 4- }\) units linearly. Each silicate unit shares two of its oxygen atoms with other Structure of Chain silicates units.

Example:
Spodumene – LiAl(SiO₃)₂ Double chain silicates (or amphiboles) – These silicates contains \([{ S{ i }_{ 4 }{ O }_{ 11 }] }_{ n }^{ 6n- }\) ions. In these silicates there are two different types of

3. Tetrahedra:

1. Those sharing 3 vertices
2. Those sharing only 2 vertices.

Examples.
Asbestos – These are fibrous and noncombustible silicates. Therefore they are used for thermal insulation material, brake linings, construction material and filters. Asbestos being carcinogenic silicates, their applications are restricted.

Question 9.
Write a notes on

1. Sheet silicates
2. Three dimensional silicate

Answer:
1. Sheet silicates:
Silicates which contain \(({ S{ i }_{ 2 }{ O }_{ 5 }) }_{ n }^{ 2n- }\) are called sheet or phyllo silicates. In these, Each \({ { [S{ i }{ O }_{ 4 }] } }^{ 4- }\) tetrahedron unit shares three oxygen atoms with others and thus by forming twodimensional sheets. These sheets, silicates form layered structures in which silicate sheets are stacked over each other. The attractive forces between these layers are very week, hence they can be cleaved easily just like graphite.

Example: Talc, Mica etc…

2. Three dimensional silicate:
Silicates in which all the oxygen atoms of \({ { [S{ i }{ O }_{ 4 }] } }^{ 4- }\) tetrahedra are shared with other tetrahedra to form three-dimensional network are called three dimensional or tecto silicates. They have general formula (SiO₂)_n.
Examples:
Quartz. These tecto silicates can be converted into Three dimentional aluminosilicates by replacing [\({ { [S{ i }{ O }_{ 4 }] } }^{ 4- }\) – units by [AlO₄]^5- units. E.g. Feldspar, Zeolites etc.,

Question 10.
Explain – Boron neutron capture therapy.
Answer:
1. The affinity of boron-10 for neutrons is the basis of a technique known as born neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for treating patients suffering from brain tumours.

2. It is based on the nuclear reaction that occurs when boron-10 is irradiated with low- energy thermal neutoms to give high linear energy a-particles and a Li-particles.

3. Boron compounds are injected into a patient with a brain tumour and the compounds collect preferentially in the tumour. The tumour area is then irradiated with thermal neutom and results in the release of an alpha-particle that damages the tissue in the tumour each time a boron-10 nucleus captures a neutron.

3. In this way damages can be limited preferentially to the tumour, leaving the normal brain tissue less affected.

4. BNCT has also been studied as a treatment for several other tumours of the head and neck, The breast, the prostate, the bladder and the liver.

Commn Errors and its Rectifications
Common Errors:

1. Ores formula may be difficult to remember.
2. Allotropes of elements may confuse the students in writing equation.

Rectifications:

1. Only chief ore from which the element is extracted can be easy to remember.
2. Crystalline forms are more chemically reactive.

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science History Solutions Term 2 Chapter 3 Rise of Marathas and Peshwas

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Rise of Marathas and Peshwas Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answer?

Rise Of Marathas And Peshwas Question 1.
Who was the teacher and guardian of Shivaji?
(a) Dadaji Kondadev
(b) Kavi Kalash
(c) Jijabai
(d) Ramdasl
Answer:
(a) Dadaji Kondadev

Question 2.
How was the Prime Minister of Maratha kings known?
(a) Deshmukh
(b) Peshwa
(c) Panditrao
(d) Patil
Answer:
(b) Peshwa

Question 3.
Name the family priest of Shambhuji who influenced him in his day-to-day administration.
(a) Shahu
(b) Anaji Datta
(c) Dadaji Kondadev
(d) Kavi Kalash
Answer:
(d) Kavi Kalash

Question 4.
What was the backbone of Shivaji’s army in the beginning?
(a) Artillery
(b) Cavalry
(c) Infantry
(d) Elephantry
Answer:
(c) Infantry

Question 5.
Who proclaimed wars and freed Malwa and Gujarat from Mughal domination?
(a) Balaji Vishwanath
(b) Bajirao
(c) Balaji Bajirao
(d) Shahu
Answer:
(b) Bajirao

II. Fill in the Blanks

1. The spread of the _______ movement in Maharashtra helped the Maratha people develop consciousness and oneness.
2. _______ was the key official of revenue administration of Peshwa.
3. The imperial moment of the Marathas sadly ended at _______ in 1761.
4. _______ was the foreign minister in the Ashtapradhan.
5. Shambhuji succeeded Shivaji after a succession tussle with _______

Answers:

1. Bhakti
2. Kamavisdar
3. Panipat
4. Sumant / Dubeer
5. Anaji Dattcu

III. Match the following

Question 1.

1. Shaji Bhonsle – Mother of Shivaji
2. Shambhuji – General of Bijapur
3. Shahu – Shivaji’s father
4. Jijabai – Son of Shivaji
5. Afzal khan – Shivaji’s grandson

Answer:

1. Shaji Bhonsle – Shivaji’s father
2. Shambhuji – Son of Shivaji
3. Shahu – Shivaji’s grandson
4. Jijabai – Mother of Shivaji
5. Afzal khan – General of Bijapur

IV. True or False

1. The rocky and mountainous terrain gave protection to the Marathas from invaders.
2. Hymns composed in Sanskrit by the Bhakti saints were sung by people of all castes and classes.
3. Shivaji captured Puranthar from the Mughals.
4. Deshmukhs held sway over rural regions and their control was over between twenty and hundred villages.
5. Abdali invaded ten times before finally marching on Delhi.

Answers:

1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False

V. Consider the following statements. Tick (✓) the appropriate answer

Question 1.
Assertion (A): Soldiers were to live in forts and towns far away from home
Reason (R): Maratha soldiers were not permitted to retire from battle fields each year for the purpose of cultivating their land.
(a) R is correct explanation of A
(b) R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is Wrong and R is correct
(d) A and R are wrong
Answer:
(b) R is not the correct explanation of A

Question 2.
Statement I: Judging from the ledgers of correspondence and account books, Peshwas were keen on accurate record – keeping.
Statement II: Artillery decided the battle at Panipat in 1761.
(a) I is correct
(b) II is correct
(c) I and II are correct
(d) I and II are false
Answer:
(c) I and II are correct

Question 3.
Find the odd one out
Shahji, Shivaji, Shambhuji, Shahu, Rahuji, Bhonsle.
Answer:
Rahuji

Question 4.
Find out the wrong pair
1. Gaikwad – Baroda
2. Peshwa – Nagpur
3. Holkar – Indore
4. Shiride – Gwalior
Answer:
2. Peshwa – Nagpur

Question 5.
Arrange the events in chronological order
(i) Shivaji became totally independent after the death of his guardian Kondadev.
(ii) Emperor Shahu died when Balaji Bajirao was Peshwa.
(iii) Shivaji resumed his military raids after his father’s death and conquered Javali.
(iv) Balaji Vishwanath became Peshwa.
Answer:
(i) Shivaji became totally independent after the death of his guardian Kondadev.
(iii) Shivaji resumed his military raids after his father’s death and conquered Javali.
(iv) Balaji Vishwanath became Peshwa.
(ii) Emperor Shahu died when Balaji Bajirao was Peshwa.

VI. Answer in one or two sentences

Question 1.
The impact of Bhakti movement on Marathas.
Answer:
The spread of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra helped the Maratha people develop consciousness of their identity and oneness. It promoted a feeling of unity, especially in terms of social equality, among the Marathas.

Question 2.
Chauth and Sardeshmukhi
Answer:
Shivaji claimed suzerainty, but he did not administer them himself. He protected the people from loot and plunder for which they were required to pay Chauth (one- fourth of the revenue as protection money) and Sardeshmukhi (an extra one-tenth, as the chieftain’s due).

Question 3.
Role of Kamavisdar in Maratha revenue administration.
Answer:
The revenue administration of Peshwas was headed by a key official called the Kamavisdar. He was appointed by the Peshwa. He was empowered to maintain a small body of soldiers to police the administrative area, from where tribute or tax had to be collected.

Question 4.
Execution of Shambhuji by Mughal Army.
Answer:
Marathas under Shambhuji were in no position to resist the Mughals. Aurangzeb himself arrived in the Deccan in 1681. Aurangzeb’s main goal was the annexation of Bijapur and Golconda. These two sultanates fell to Aurangzeb by 1687. In little over a year, Shambhuji was captured by the Mughals and, after torture, put to death.

Question 5.
Battle of Panipat fought in 1761.
Answer:
The imperial moment of the Marathas sadly ended at Panipat near Delhi in 1761. The king of the Afghans, Ahmad Shah Abdali, invaded eight times before finally marching onto Delhi. The Marathas were now divided among several commanders, who approached the battle with different tactics. Artillery decided the battle in January 1761. The mobile artillery of the Afghans proved lethal against both Maratha cavalry and infantry.

VII. Answer the following.

Question 1.
Examine the essential features of Maratha administration under Shivaji.
Answer:
Shivaji’s political system consisted of three circles. At the centre was the swaraj. Shivaji was caring and would not allow the people to be harassed in any way.

He protected the people from loot and plunder for which they were required to pay Chauth (one-fourth of the revenue as protection money) and Sardeshmukhi (an extra one-tenth, as the chieftain’s due). In the third circle, Shivaji’s only objective was plunder.

Army
Shivaji gave utmost attention to his army and training of its personnel. In the beginning, the backbone of his army was the infantry. Shivaji took great care in the maintenance and security of his forts.

Ashtapradhan
Shivaji designated eight ministers as the Ashtapradhan, each holding an important portfolio. Peshwa was the equivalent of a modem prime minister in the Maratha Empire. Shivaji was influenced by the Mughal revenue system. The assessments were made on the actual yield, with three-fifths left to the cultivator and two-fifths taken by the government.

VIII. HOTs

Question 1.
Compare the revenue administration of the Peshwas with that of Shivaji.
Answer:
Revenue administration of Shivaji:

1. Shivaji abolished the zamindari system.
2. Loans were provided to the farmers in the times of famine.
3. The state also collected custom duties and professional taxes.
4. The two important taxes collected during his time were Chauth and Sardeshmuki.

Revenue administration of Peshwas :

1. The revenue administration of peshwas was headed by a key official called the kamavisdar.
2. He was expowered to maintain a small body of soldiers to police the administrative area, from where tribute or tax had to be collected.
3. A prospective tax or revenue collector who won the contract was expected to have a reputation for wealth and probity.
4. He was required to pay a portion of the whole of the anticipated revenue – one third to one half-either out of his own wealth or from the money borrowed from bankers.

IX. Map

Question 1.
Maratha Empire with prominent cities and forts.
Answer:

X. Student Activity

Question 1.
Match the responsibilities of Ashtapradhan

Answer:

Question 2.
Group Activity
Collect information about the Thanj avur Marathas with special reference to their contribution to education, art and architecture.
Answer:
Activity to be done by the students themselves

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Rise of Marathas and Peshwas Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
_______ language and literature also served to develop unity among the people.
(a) Tamil
(b) Marathi
(c) English
(d) Telugu
Answer:
(b) Marathi

Question 2.
Shivaji became totally independent after the death of his guardian.
(a) Kondadev
(b) Tukaram
(c) Ramdas
(d) Shambhuji
Answer:
(a) Kondadev

Question 3.
_______ captured puranthar from the Mughals.
(a) Shivaji
(b) Shambuji
(c) Shahji Bhonsle
(d) Shahu
Answer:
(a) Shivaji

Question 4.
Shivaji’s political system consisted of ________ circles.
(a) two
(b) three
(c) four
(d) five
Answer:
(b) three

Question 5.
Aurangzeb himself arrived in the Deccan in ________.
(a) 1659
(b) 1663
(c) 1664
(d) 1681
Answer:
(d) 1681

Question 6.
________ now commanded an army of paid soldiers.
(a) Shivaji
(b) Shahu
(c) Balaji Bajirao
(d) Kondadev
Answer:
(c) Balaji Bajirao

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. ________ was a gallant fighter, army general and a guerilla leader.
2. ________ promoted a feeling of unity, especially in terms of social equality among the Marathas.
3. ________ and ________ had considerable influence on the life of Shivaji.
4. In 1659 Shivaji killed ________, a notable general of Bijapur.
5. ________ was determined on stop the Maratha interference in his expeditions against the Deccan kingdoms.
6. Shivaji designated eight ministers as the ________ each holding an important portfolio.

Answers:

1. Shivaji
2. Bhakti Movement
3. Tukaram, Ramdas
4. Afzal khan
5. Aurangzeb
6. Ashtapradhan

III. Match the following

1. Powerful headman – (a) Mughal revenue system
2. Village accountant – (b) Chief Justice
3. Shivaji – (c) Foreign Minister
4. Nyayadhish – (d) Kulkami
5. Sumant – (e) Patil

Answers:

1. – e
2. – d
3. – a
4. – b
5. – c

IV. True or False

1. The Prime Minister of Maratha rulers, called the Peshwas.
2. Hymns composed in the Marathi language by Bhakti saints were sung by people of all castes and classes.
3. In 1656, the Mughal army was helpless when Shivaji again plundered Suraj.
4. Shivaji was influenced by the Mughal revenue system.
5. The imperial moment of the Marathas sadly ended at Panipat near Calcutta in 1761.

Answers:

1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False

V. Consider the following statements: Tick the appropriate answer

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : Shambuji succeeded Shivaji after a succession tussle with Anaji Datto.
Reason (R) : Balaj i Vishwanath began his career as a small revenue official and bacame Peshwa in 1713.
(a) R is correct explanation of A
(b) R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is wrong and R is correct
(d) A and R are correct
Answer:
(d) A and R are correct

Question 2.
Statement I : The rocky and mountainous terrain gave protection to the Marathas from invaders.
Statement II : The strength of Shivaji’s army was Mavali foot soldiers.
(a) I is correct
(b) II is correct
(c) I and II are correct
(d) I and II are false
Answer:
(c) I and II are correct

Question 3.
Find out the wrong pair.
1. Panditra – High Priest
2. Nyayadhish – Chief Justice
3. Sacheev – Secretary
4. Peshwa – Finance Minister
Answer:
Peshwa – Finance Minister

VI. Answer in one or two sentences

Question 1.
Write the geographical features of the Marathas.
Answer:
The physical features of the Maratha country developed certain peculiar qualities among the Marathas, which distinguished them from the rest of the people of India. The rocky and mountainous terrain gave protection to the Marathas from invaders. It proved to be advantageous in guerrilla warfare for Marathas.

Question 2.
Write the literature and language of the Marathas.
Answer:
Marathi language and literature also served to develop unity among the people. Hymns composed in the Marathi language by Bhakti saints were sung by people of all castes and classes.

Question 3.
Write a note on Peshwas.
Answer:
Balaji Vishwanath (1713-1720) began his career as a small revenue official and became Peshwa in 1713. Much against the advice from his close circles, Shahu appointed 20-year-old Viswanath’s eldest son Bajirao to occupy the office of Peshwa.

VI. Answer the following in detail

Question 1.
Describe Shivaji’s confrontation with Sultan of Bijapur.
Answer:

1. Shivaji became totally independent after the death of his guardian Kondadev (1649).
2. He also got his father’s j agir transferred to him, which was earlier looked after by Kondadev.
3. The strength of his army was Mavali foot soldiers.
4. With their help, Shivaji conquered many of the hill forts near Poona.
5. He captured Puranthar from the Mughals.
6. Shivaji’s military raids angered the Sultan of Bijapur.
7. He held Shivaji’s father captive and released him only after Shivaji promised to suspend his military raids.
8. Shivaji kept his word and remained at peace with Bijapur from then on till his father Shahji’s death.
9. During this period he toned up his administration.

Question 2.
Briefly explain the consolidation of Maratha Power.
Answer:

1. Shivaji resumed his raids after his father’s death and conquered Javali (1656) from the Maratha chief Chandrarao More.
2. He also reduced all the lesser Maratha chiefs around Pune to subordination.
3. The soldiers of Bijapur from the hill fortresses acquired by Sultan of Bijapur were driven out and replaced with his own commanders.
4. These moves and the defeat of Bijapur army sent to punish Shivaji alarmed the Mughal officials.
5. When the Mughals made a punitive expedition, Shivaj boldly confronted them.
6. In 1659 he killed Afzal Khan, a notable general of Bijapur.
7. In 1663 he wounded and chased away the Mughal general and Aurangzeb’s uncle Shaista Khan.
8. To cap these bold acts, he audaciously directed his soldiers to plunder Surat (1664), the major Mughal port on the Arabian Sea.

Question 3.
What are the responsibilities of the Asthapradhan?
Answer:
Responsibilities of the Ashtapradhan:
Pantpradhan / Peshwa – Prime Minister
Amatya / Mazumdar – Finance Minister
Shurunavis/Sacheev – Secretary
Waqia-Navis – Interior Minister
Sar-i-Naubat / Senapati – Commander-in-Chief
Sumant / Dubeer – Foreign Minister
Nyayadhish – Chief Justice
Panditrao – High Priest

Question 4.
Write about Balaji Bajirao.
Answer:

1. When Balaji Bajirao was the Peshwa, Emperor Shahu died (1749).
2. He summoned all the contending factions and forced them to accept the conditions he laid down.
3. He decided that the capital of the kingdom would henceforward be Pune, not Satara.
4. All power and authority was now concentrated in the Peshwas’s office.
5. The Maratha peasant warrior band was reconfigured and its run came to an end.
6. Maratha soldiers were not permitted now to retire from battle fields each year for the purpose of cultivating their land.
7. Soldiers were required to live in forts and towns far away from their home.
8. They were trained as infantrymen as well as horsemen.
9. The large guns were nominally under the command of Maratha officers.
10. During the period of the Peshwa Balaji Bajirao, the northern frontiers of the Maratha state were rapidly touching Rajasthan, Delhi and the Punjab.
11. The Marathas launched raids from Nagpur against Bihar, Bengal and Odisha. Notwithstanding the conflict between the Marathas and the Nizam over Karnataka, Tamil, Kannada and Telugu regions were effectively brought under the control of the Marathas.

Students can Download Computer Science Chapter 6 Specification and Abstraction Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Science Solutions Chapter 6 Specification and Abstraction

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Science Specification and Abstraction Text Book Back Questions and Answers

PART – 1
I. Choose The Correct Answer

11th Computer Science Chapter 6 Book Back Answers Question 1.
Which of the following activities is algorithmic in nature?
(a) Assemble a bicycle
(b) Describe a bicycle
(c) Label the parts of a bicycle
(d) Explain how a bicycle works
Answer:
(a) Assemble a bicycle

Specification And Abstraction Question 2.
Which of the following activities is not algorithmic in nature?
(a) Multiply two numbers
(b) Draw a kolam
(c) Walk in the park
(d) Braid the hair
Answer:
(d) Braid the hair

Computer Science Chapter 6 Question 3.
Omitting details inessential to the task and representing only the essential features of the task is known as ………………..
(a) specification
(b) abstraction
(c) composition
(d) decomposition
Answer:
(b) abstraction

Question 4.
Stating the input property and the input-output relation a problem is known ………………..
(a) specification
(b) statement
(c) algorithm
(d) definition
Answer:
(a) specification

Question 5.
Ensuring the input – output relation is ………………..
(a) the responsibility of an algorithm and the right of the user.
(b) the responsibility of the user and the right of the algorithm.
(c) the responsibility of the algorithm but not the right of the user.
(d) the responsibility of both the user and the algorithm.
Answer:
(a) the responsibility of an algorithm and the right of the user.

Question 6.
If i = 5 before the assignment i : = i – 1 after the assignment, the value of i is ………………..
(a) 5
(b) 4
(c) 3
(d) 2
Answer:
(b) 4

Question 7.
If O < i before the assignment i : = i – 1 after the assignment, we can conclude that
(a) 0 < i
(b) 0 ≤ i
(c) i = 0
(d) 0 ≥ i
Answer:
(b) 0 ≤ i

PART – 2
II. Very Short Answers

Question 1.
Define an algorithm.
Answer:
An algorithm is a step by step sequence of statements intended to solve a problem. An algorithm starts execution with the input data, executes the statements and finishes execution with the output data.

Question 2.
Distinguish between an algorithm and a process.
Answer:
Algorithm:

• An Algorithm is a sequence of instructions to solve a problem.
• Elements of a process are abstracted in algorithms.
• Example: Algorithm can be compared to a recipe

Process:

• A process is executing of instructions to accomplish the intended task.
• A process is actual execution of the steps to solution.
• Example: A process can be compared to cooking.

Question 3.
Initially, farmer, goat, grass, wolf = L, L, L, L and the farmer crosses the river with goat. Model the action with an assignment statement. Model of the action with an assignment statement:
Answer:

1. — farmer, goat,grass,wolf = L,L,L,L.
2. Farmer,goat: = R,R
3. – farmer,goat,grass,wolf = R,R,L,L
4. – farmer: = L
5. — farmer,goat,grass,wolf = L,R,L,L
6. farmer,grass: = R,R
7. — farmer,goat,grass,wolf = R,R,R,L
8. farmer,goat: = L,L
9. — farmer,goat,grass, wolf = L,L,R,L
10. farmer, wolf: = R,R
11. — farmer,goat,grass, wolf = R,L,R,R
12. farmer: = L
13. — farmer,goat,grass,wolf = L,L,R,R
14. farmer, goat: = R,R
15. — farmer,goat,grass,wolf = R,R,R,R

Question 4.
Specify a function to find the minimum of two numbers.
Answer:

1. – – minimum (a,b)
2. – – inputs : a, b are real numbers.
3. – – output: result: = minimum (a,b)

Question 5.
If \(\sqrt{2}\) = 1.414, and the square_root() function returns – 1.414, does it violate the following specification?

1. – – square – root(x)
2. – – inputs: x is a real number, x > 0
3. – – outputs: y is a real number such that y² = x

Answer:
No, because (- 1.414)² = 2, which satisfies input – output relation (y² = x)

PART – 3
III. Short Answers

Question 1.
When do you say that a problem is algorithmic in nature?
Answer:
A Problem is algorithmic in nature when its solution involves the construction of an algorithm. Also when the

1. Input data and output data of the problem is specified.
2. Relation between the input data and the output data is specified.

Question 2.
What is the format of the specification of an algorithm?
Answer:
Let P be the required property of the inputs and Q the property of the desired outputs.
Format of specification of an algorithm:

1. Algorithm name (Inputs)
2. Inputs – P
3. Outputs – Q

Question 3.
What is abstraction?
Answer:
Abstraction:
It is the facility to define objects. It also involves removal of unnecessary attributes and defining only essential attributes. For example, when we represent the state of a process we select only the variables essential to the problem and ignore inessential details.

Question 4.
How is state represented in algorithms?
Answer:
The state represented in a algorithm is set of variables. At any place the value of the variables are substituted and evaluation is done.

Question 5.
What is the form and meaning of assignment statement?
Answer:
Assignment statement is used to assign values to the variables.
The variable on the left side of the assignment operator and a value on the right side.
Variable : = Value

Question 6.
What is the difference between assignment operator and equality operator?
Assignment Operator:
Assignment operator is used to assign the values to the variable.

Equality Operator:
The equality operator is used to compare the values of both the variables and the result is true or false.

PART – 4
IV. Explain in Detail

Question 1.
Write the specification of an algorithm hypotenuse w hose inputs are the lengths of the two shorter sides of a right angled triangle, and the output is the length of the third side.
Answer:

1. hypotenuse (a, b)
2. – – inputs: a, b are real numbers, a > 0, b > 0
3. – – outputs: c² = a² + b² wrhere c is real number, c > 0

Question 2.
Suppose you want to solve the quadratic equation ax² + bx + c – 0 by an algorithm. quadratic_solve (a, b, c)
— inputs : ?
— outputs: ?
You intend to use the formula and you are prepared to handle only real number roots. Write a suitable specification.

Answer:

1. Quadratic – solve (a, b, c)
2. – – inputs: b² – 4 ac > = 0 where a, b, c are real numbers, a ≠ 0
3. – – outputs: and x² are real numbers such that a(x₁)² + bx₁ + c = 0 and a(x₂)² + bx₂ + c = 0

Question 3.
Exchange the contents: Given two glasses marked A and B. Glass A is full of apple drink and glass B is full of grape drink. For exchanging the contents of glasses A and B, represent the state by suitable variables, and write the specification of the algorithm.
Answer:
Let the variables a, b, c represent the glass A, glass B and Glass C respectively. Variables A, B, C can store values APPLE, GRAPE or EMPTY.

Specification:

1. Exchange ( )
2. – – inputs: a, b, c := APPLE, GRAPE, EMPTY
3. – – outputs: a, b,c: = GRAPE, APPLE, EMPTY

Samacheer kalvi 11th Computer Science Specification and Abstraction Additional Questions and Answers

PART – 1
I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
Which one of the following is an example of process?
(a) Braid the hair
(b) Adding three numbers
(c) Cooking a dish
(d) Walk in the Road
Answer:
(c) Cooking a dish

Question 2.
Who was a Hungarian Mathematician?
(a) G. Polya
(b) John Wiley
(c) Krysia Broda
(d) Steve Vickers
Answer:
(a) G. Polya

Question 3.
How many basic building blocks construct an algorithm?
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 8
Answer:
(b) 4

Question 4.
……………….. state the properties of the given input and the relation between the input and the output.
(a) Composition
(b) Abstraction
(c) Decomposition
(d) Specification
Answer:
(d) Specification

Question 5.
……………….. how many control flow statement are there to alter the control flow depending on the state?
(a) 5
(b) 6
(c) 3
(d) 8
Answer:
(c) 3

Question 6.
What is the specification of the algorithm?
Answer:
(a) divide (A + B)
(b) square – root (n)
(c) square – root (x)
(d) adding (A, B)
Answer:
(b) square – root (n)

Question 7.
……………….. statement is used to store a value in a variable.
(a) Assignment
(b) Sequential control flow
(c) Alternative control flow
(d) Iterative
Answer:
(a) Assignment

Question 8.
The data stored in a variable is also called a ………………..
(a) process
(b) data
(c) value
(d) constant
Answer:
(c) value

Question 9.
Each part of algorithm is known as ………………..
(a) input
(b) function
(c) variable
(d) program
Answer:
(b) function

Question 10.
……………….. is the left side of the assignment.
(a) variable
(b) value
(c) operator
(d) all the above
Answer:
(c) operator

Question 11.
If i: = 3 before the assignment, i: = i + 1 after the assignment ………………..
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 0
Answer:
(b) 4

Question 12.
If i: = 2 before the assignment, then i: = i * 3 after the assignment is ………………..
(a) 6
(b) 5
(c) 0
(d) 1
Answer:
(a) 6

Question 13.
If i: = 10 before the assignment, then i: = i % 2 after the assignment
(a) 10
(b) 5
(c) 0
(d) 1
Answer:
(c) 0

Question 14.
If – – m, n = 22, 5 and m, n : = m + 3, n – 1 then the value of m and n are ………………..
(a) 25, 4
(b) 24,5
(c) 22, 5
(d) 23,21
Answer:
(a) 25, 4

Question 15.
Initially the values of P and C are 4 and 5 respectively
– – P, C : = 4, 5
P : = C
C : = P. Then find P and C
(a) 4 and 4
(b) 5 and 4
(c) 5 and 5
(d) 4 and 5
Answer:
(c) 5 and 5

Question 16.
What are the values of variable m and n after the assignments in line (1) and line (3)?
1. m, n : = 2, 5
2. – – m, n = ?, ?
3. m, n : = m + 3, n – 1
4. – – m, n = ?, ?
(a) 4, 5
(b) 5, 4
(c) 5,5
(d) 4, 4
Answer:
(b) 5, 4

Question 17.
How many Algorithmic designing techniques are there?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(c) 4

Question 18.
which one of the following is the assignment operator?
(a) =
(b) = =
(c) + = =
(d) + +
Answer:
(a) =

Question 19.
which one of the following is the equality operator?
(a) =
(b) = =
(c) + +
(d) – –
Answer:
(b) = =

Question 20.
which one of the following is the comment line in algorithm?
(a) + +
(b) 1 1
(c) – –
(d) = =
Answer:
(c) – –

Question 21.
Which one of the following statements are not executed the computers?
(a) Comment line
(b) Header file
(c) cin
(d) cout
Answer:
(a) Comment line

Question 22.
The values of the variables when the algorithm starts is ………………..
(a) stage
(b) initial stage
(c) initial state
(d) starting state
Answer:
(c) initial state

Question 23.
The values of the variables when the algorithm finishes is ………………..
(a) final stage
(b) final state
(c) last stage
(d) last state
Answer:
(b) final state

Question 24.
Instructions of a computer are also known as ………………..
(a) commands
(b) statements
(c) Abstractions
(d) Functions
Answer:
(b) statements

Question 25.
Which one of the following is not a building block of algorithm
(a) data
(b) state
(c) variables
(d) functions
Answer:
(b) state

Question 26.
Which are the named boxes used for storing data?
(a) data
(b) variables
(c) control flow
(d) functions
Answer:
(b) variables

Question 27.
Reasoning:
I. We can store a value in a variable using assignment operator.
II. We can change the value in a variable using assignment operator.
III. Assignment operator is = =
(a) I and III is true
(b) I and II is true
(c) II and III is true
(d) I, II, III is true
Answer:
(b) I and II is true

Question 28.
The order of execution of statement is called :
(a) Composition
(b) Functions
(c) Control flow
(d) Specifications
Answer:
(c) Control flow

Question 29.
In which one of the control flow statements, if the condition is false, then alternative statement will be executed ………………..
(a) Sequential
(b) iterative
(c) selection
(d) alternative
Answer:
(d) alternative

Question 30.
In which one of the following control flow, the statements are repeated until the conditon becomes false ………………..
(a) Sequential
(b) iterative
(c) selection
(d) alternative
Answer:
(b) iterative

Question 31.
If the statement are executed one after the other, then it is control flow.
(a) Sequential
(b) iterative
(c) selection
(d) alternative
Answer:
(a) Sequential

Question 32.
A is like a sub algorithm.
(a) function
(b) data
(c) variable
(d) state
Answer:
(a) function

Question 33.
Which one of the following is not a techniques for designing algorithms?
(a) specifications
(b) abstraction
(c) encapsulation
(d) composition
Answer:
(c) encapsulation

Question 34.
Fill in the box given below figure ………………..

(a) processing
(b) solving
(c) algorithm
(d) functions
Answer:
(c) algorithm

Question 35.
How many parts are there in specification is ………………..
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(b) 3

Question 36.
The first part of the specification is ………………..
(a) Input
(b) Output
(c) property of inputs
(d) The name of the algorithm and the inputs
Answer:
(d) The name of the algorithm and the inputs

Question 37.
Identify the statement which is not true?
(a) An instruction describes an object
(b) specification is one of the algorithm design techniques
(c) An algorithm is a step by step sequence of instructions
Answer:
(a) An instruction describes an object

Question 38.
In multiple variable assignment statement, the number of variables and the number of expressions must ………………..
(a) differ at least by 1
(b) not equal to 1
(c) equal to 0
(d) be equal
Answer:
(d) be equal

Question 39.
Sequential, Alternative and Iterative comes under the classification of ……………….. :
(a) Building blocks of algorithm
(b) control flow statements
(c) Algorithm design techniques
(d) Abstraction
Answer:
(b) control flow statements

Question 40.
To execute in a computer, an algorithm must be expressed using the statement of ………………..
(a) Object code
(b) Machine Language
(c) Assembler
(d) Programming Languages
Answer:
(d) Programming Languages

Question 41.
If the variable already has a value, and you are assigning a new value, what will happen to the old variable?
(a) retained
(b) added
(c) lost
(d) becomes 0
Answer:
(c) lost

Question 42.
Identify the function name: square (A + B) ………………..
(a) A
(b) B
(c) A + B
(d) square
Answer:
(d) square

Question 43.
Identify the correct statement ………………..
(a) The first part of specification is name of the algorithm with input
(b) Second one is input properties with comments
(c) Third one is relation between input – output
(d) All the three are correct statements
Answer:
(d) All the three are correct statements

Question 44.
Find the wrong statement from the following ………………..
(a) The state of a process can be represented by a set of variables in an algorithm
(b) The state at any point of execution is simply the values of the variables at that point.
(c) As the values of the variables are changed, the state remains constant.
(d) As a process evolves, the state changes.
Answer:
(c) As the values of the variables are changed, the state remains constant.

Question 45.
The input and output are passed between an algorithm and the user through ………………..
(a) data
(b) assignment
(c) stage
(d) variables
Answer:
(d) variables

Question 46.
Match the following

(a) 2, 1, 4, 3
(b) 1, 2, 3, 4
(c) 4,3,2, 1
(d) 4, 2, 3, 1
Answer:
(a) 2, 1, 4, 3

Question 47.
Match the following

(a) 3, 1, 4, 2
(b) 1,2, 3, 4
(c) 4,3,2, 1
(d) 4, 2, 3, 1
Answer:
(a) 3, 1, 4, 2

Question 48.
Which one of the following statements are used to annotate a program for the human readers?
(a) comments
(b) state
(c) variables
(d) functions
Answer:
(a) comments

Question 49.
In specification, the input and output can be written using ………………..
(a) English
(b) Mathematical notation
(c) Binary format
(d) Both a and b
Answer:
(d) Both a and b

Question 50.
Which one of the following defines the rights and responsibilities of the designer and the user?
(a) Abstraction
(b) Composition
(c) Decomposition
(d) Specification
Answer:
(d) Specification

Question 51.
Which one of the following is the most effective mental tool used for managing complexity?
(a) Specification
(b) Abstraction
(c) Composition
(d) Decomposition
Answer:
(b) Abstraction

Question 52.
How will be the input and output passed between an algorithm and the user ………………..
(a) comments
(b) Assignment
(c) Variable
(d) Functions
Answer:
(c) Variable

Question 53.
The goal of the algorithm is ………………..
(a) to state the input properties
(b) to state the output properties
(c) to divide into functions
(d) to establish the input output relation
Answer:
(d) to establish the input output relation

PART – 2
II. Short Answers

Question 1.
Define State.
Answer:
The state of a process can be represented by a set of variables in an algorithm. The State at any point of execution is simply the values of the variables at that point.

Question 2.
Mention the three different types of Chameleons.
Answer:
There are three different types of chameleons: red chameleons, green chameleons, and blue chameleons.

Question 3.
Define variable.
Answer:
The data stored in a variable is also known as the value of the variable. We can store a value in a variable or change the value of variable, using an assignment statement.

Question 4.
Write the basic building blocks of algorithms.
Answer:

1. Data
2. Variables
3. Control flow
4. Functions

Question 5.
Define control flow.
Answer:
The order in which the statements are executed may differ from the order in which they are written in the algorithm. This order of execution of statements is known as the control flow.

Question 6.
What are the basic principles and techniques for designing Algorithms.
Answer:

1. Specification
2. Abstraction
3. Composition
4. Decomposition

PART – 3
III. Explain in Brief

Question 1.
Define Alternative control flow statement.
Answer:
In alternative control flow, a condition of the state is tested, and if the condition is true, one statement is executed; if the condition is false, an alternative statement is executed.

Question 2.
What is Decomposition?
Answer:
We divide the main algorithm into functions. We construct each function independently of the main algorithm and other functions. Finally, we construct the main algorithm using the functions. When we use the functions, it is enough to know the specification of the function. It is not necessary to know how the function is implemented.

Question 3.
Write the Iterative control flow statement.
Answer:
In iterative control flow, a condition of the state is tested, and if the condition is true, a statement is executed. The two steps of testing the condition and executing the statement are repeated until the condition becomes false.

Question 4.
Define functions.
Answer:
The parts of an algorithm are known as functions. A function is like a sub-algorithm. It takes , an input, and produces an output, satisfying a desired input output relation.

Question 5.
Write the following (i) initial state (ii) final state
Answer:
The values of the variables when the algorithm starts is known as the initial state, and the values of the variables when the algorithm finishes is known as the final state.

Question 6.
What is the desired relation between the inputs A and B, and the output q and r?
Answer:
1. The two outputs q (quotient) and r (remainder) should satisfy the property
A = q X B + r,
and
2. The remainder r should be less than the divisor B,
0 < r < B
Combining these requirements, we will specify the desired input-output relation as
– outputs: A = q X B + r and 0 < r < B.

PART – 4
IV. Explain in Detail

Question 1.
Explain the three control flow statement.
Answer:
There are three important control flow statements to alter the control flow depending on the state.

1. In sequential control flow, a sequence of statements are executed one after another in the same order as they are written.
2. In alternative control flow, a condition of the state is tested, and if the condition is true, one statement is executed; if the condition is false, an alternative statement is executed.
3. In iterative control flow, a condition of the state is tested, and if the condition is true, a statement is executed. The two steps of testing the condition and executing the statement are repeated until the condition becomes false.

Question 2.
Explain Algorithm Design Techniques.
Answer:
There are a few basic principles and techniques for designing algorithms.
1. Specification:
The first step in problem solving is to state the problem precisely. A problem is specified in terms of the input given and the output desired. The specification must also state the properties of the given input, and the relation between the input and the output.

2. Abstraction:
A problem can involve a lot of details. Several of these details are unnecessary for solving the problem. Only a few details are essential. Ignoring or hiding unnecessary details and modeling an entity only by its essential properties is known as abstraction. For example, when we represent the state of a process, we select only the variables essential to the problem and ignore inessential details.

3. Composition:
An algorithm is composed of assignment and control flow statements. A control flow statement tests a condition of the state and depending on the value of the condition, decides the next statement to be executed.

4. Decomposition:
We divide the main algorithm into functions. We construct each function independently of the main algorithm and other functions. Finally, we construct the main algorithm using the functions. When we use the functions, it is enough to know the specification of the function. It is not necessary to know how the function is implemented.

Question 3.
Explain the specification format.
Answer:
Specification format: We can write the specification in a standard three part format:

1. The name of the algorithm and the inputs
2. Input : the property of the inputs
3. Output : the desired input – output relation

The first part is the name of the algorithm and the inputs. The second part is the property of the inputs. It is written as a comment which starts with – inputs: The third part is the desired input – output relation. It is written as a comment which starts with – outputs:. The input and output can be written using English and mathematical notation.

Question 4.
What are the values of variables m and n after the assignments in line (1) and line (3)?

1. m, n : = 2, 5
2. – – m, n = ?, ?
3. m,n: = m + 3, n – 1
4. – – m, n = ?, ?

The assignment in line (1) stores 2 in variable m, and 5 in variable n.

The assignment in line (3) evaluates the expressions m + 3 and n – 1 using the current values of m and n as
m + 3 , n – 1
= 2 + 3, 5 – 1
= 5, 4
and stores the values 5 and 4 in the variables m and n, respectively.

1. m, n : = 2, 5
2. – – m, n = 2, 5
3. m, n : = m + 3, n – 1
4. – – m, n = 2 + 3, 5 – 1 = 5, 4

Values of the variables after the two assignments are shown in line (2) and line (4).

Question 5.
Explain the Basic Building Blocks of Algorithms.
Data:
Algorithms take input data, process the data, and produce output data. Computers provide instructions to perform operations on data. For example, there are instructions for doing arithmetic operations on numbers, such as add, subtract, multiply and divide. There are different kinds of data such as numbers and text.

Variables:
Variables are named boxes for storing data. When we do operations on data, We need to store the results in variables. The data stored in a variable is also known as the value of the variable. We can store a value in a variable or change the value of variable, using an assignment statement.

Control flow:
An algorithm is a sequence of statements. However, after executing a statement, the next statement executed need not be the next statement in the algorithm. The statement to be executed next may depend on the state of the process. Thus, the order in which the statements are executed may differ from the order in which they are written in the algorithm. This order of execution of statements is known as the control flow.

There are three important control flow statements to alter the control flow depending on the state.

1. In sequential control flow, a sequence of statements are executed one after another in the same order as they are written.
2. In alternative control flow, a condition of the state is tested, and if the condition is true, one statement is executed; if the condition is false, an alternative statement is executed.
3. In iterative control flow, a condition of the state is tested, and if the condition is true, a statement is executed. The two steps of testing the condition and executing the statement are repeated until the condition becomes false.

Functions:
The parts of an algorithm are known as functions. A function is like a sub algorithm. It takes an input, and produces an output, satisfying a desired input output relation.

Question 6.
Explain specification.
Answer:
Specification:
To solve a problem, first we must state the problem clearly and precisely. A problem is specified by the given input and the desired output. To design an algorithm for solving a problem, we should know the properties of the given input and the properties of the desired output. The goal of the algorithm is to establish the relation between the input and the desired output.

An algorithm is specified by the properties of the given input and the relation between the input and the desired output. In simple words, specification of an algorithm is the desired input – output relation. The inputs and outputs are passed between an algorithm and the user through variables. The values of the variables when the algorithm starts is known as the initial state, and the values of the variables when the algorithm finishes is known as the final state.

Let P be the required property of the inputs and Q the property of the desired outputs. Then the algorithm S is specified as

1. algorithm name (inputs)
2. – – inputs : P
3. – -outputs: Q

This specification means that if the algorithm starts with inputs satisfying P, then it will finish with the outputs satisfying Q. A double dash – indicates that the rest of the line is a comment. Comments are statements which are used to annotate a program for the human readers and not executed by the computer. Comments at crucial points of flow are useful, and even necessary, to understand the algorithm. In our algorithmic notation, we use double dashes (-) to start a comment line. (In C++, a double slash // indicates that the rest of the line is a comment).

Specification format:
We can write the specification in a standard three part format:

1. The name of the algorithm and the inputs.
2. Input: the property of the inputs.
3. Output: the desired input – output relation.

The first part is the name of the algorithm and the inputs. The second part is the property of the inputs. It is written as a comment which starts with – inputs: The third part is the desired input – output relation. It is written as a comment which starts with – outputs:. The input and output can be written using English and mathematical notation.

Specification as contract:
Specification of an algorithm serves as a contract between the designer of the algorithm and the users of the algorithm, because it defines the rights and responsibilities of the designer and the user. Ensuring that the inputs satisfy the required properties is the responsibility of the user, but the right of the designer. The desired input-output relation is the responsibility of the designer and the right of the user. Importantly, if the user fails to satisfy the properties of the inputs, the designer is free from his obligation to satisfy the desired input – output relation.

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Civics Solutions Term 1 Chapter 2 Citizen and Citizenship

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Citizen and Citizenship

I. Choose the correct answer

Citizen And Citizenship Class 8 Question 1.
Which of the following is not a condition for becoming the citizen of India?
(a) Birth
(b) Acquiring property
(c) Descent
(d) Naturalization
Answer:
(b) acquiring property

Question 2.
……………. of the Constitution of India deals with the Citizenship.
(a) Part II
(b) Part II Article 5 – 11
(c) Part II Article 5 – 6
(d) Part I Article 5 – 11
Answer:
(b) Part II Article 5 – 11

Question 3.
Who is called the first citizen of India?
(a) The Prime Minister
(b) The President
(c) The Chief Minister
(d) The Chief Justice of India
Answer:
(b) The President

II. Fill in the Blanks

1. …………….. of a state enjoy full civil and political rights.
2. Our Indian Constitution provides for only ……………… citizenship.
3. An Indian citizen who is residing outside India and holds an Indian passport are called ……………..
4. All have right and ……………. responsibility citizens.
5. ……………. is an idea enabling young people to access and participate in shaping modem society.

Answer:

1. Citizens
2. Single
3. Non – Resident Indian
4. Civic
5. Global citizenship

III. State true or false

Question 1.
USA has single citizenship.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
USA has dual citizenship.

Question 2.
OCI card holder has voting rights in India.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
OCI card holder has no voting rights in India.

Question 3.
Citizen of India can enjoy Fundamental Rights guaranteed by our constitution.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Nationality can be change and citizenship can not be changed.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
Nationality cannot be change and citizenship can be changed

IV. Consider the following statements. Tick (V) the appropriate answer

Question 1.
Indian Citizen of a person can be terminated if
I. a person voluntarily acquires the citizenship of some other country.
II. a person who has become a citizen through registration.
III. the Government of India is satisfied that citizenship was obtained by fraud.
IV. a citizen who is by birth indulges in trade with an enemy country during war.

(a) I and II are correct.
(b) I and III are correct
(c) I, III, IV are correct.
(d) I, II, III are correct.
Answer:
(b) I and III are correct

Question 2.
Assertion – When Pondicherry becomes the part of India in 1962, the people lived there became Indian citizens.
Reason – It was done by one of the provisions of the Act of 1955 – by incorporation of Territory.

(a) R is the correct explanation of A
(b) R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is wrong but R is correct.
(d) Both A and R are wrong.
Answer:
(a) R is the correct explanation of A

V. Answer the following in one or two sentences

Question 1.
Name the types of citizens?
Answer:
There are two types of citizens, Natural and Naturalised citizens.

1. Natural citizens: are the citizens by birth.
2. Naturalised citizens: are the one who acquires citizenship.

Question 2.
What are the Rights that a citizen can enjoy in our country?
Answer:

1. Fundamental Rights
2. Right to vote in the election to the Lok Sabha and the State Legislature
3. Right to hold certain public offices
4. Right to become the Member of Parliament and State Legislature.

Question 3.
Mention any three qualities of a good citizen.

1. Loyalty to the Constitution.
2. Obeys laws.
3. Contributes to society and community and performs civic duty.
4. Quality of goodness and justice.
5. Respecting diversity.

Question 4.
Name the five ways of acquiring citizenship.
Answer:

1. By Birth
2. By Descent
3. By Registration
4. By Naturalisation
5. By incorporation of Territory

Question 5.
What do you know about the citizenship Act of 1955?
Answer:
This act is to provide for the acquisition and trermination of Indian citizenship. The citizenship Act of 1955 prescribes five ways of acquiring citizenship. They are by birth, descent, registration, naturalisation and incorporation of territory.

VI. Answer the following

Question 1.
On what grounds that the citizenship of a person is cancelled?
Answer:
1. Renunciation:
(is a voluntary act) when a person after acquiring the citizenship of another country gives up his/her Indian citizenship.

2. Termination:
(takes place by operation of law) When an Indian citizen voluntarily acquires the citizenship of another country; he/she automatically ceases to be an Indian citizen.

3. Deprivation:
(is a compulsory termination) The citizenship is deprived on the basis of an order of the Government of India in cases involving acquisition of Indian citizenship by fraud, false representation or being disloyal to the Constitution.

VII. Student Activity

Question a.
Tabulate: How will you be a good citizen inside the classroom and outside the classroom.
Answer:
(a) Inside the class room:

• I will be respectful to others
• I will value and protect school property
• will follow school rules.
• Display good character by being honest and responsible.

(b) Outside the class room:

• I will take responsibility for what goes on in my community.
• I will do my part for the common good
• I will participate in community service.
• I will help to take care of the environment.
• Will obey the law.

Question b.
My responsibility as a Good Citizen (write any three points)

1. At Home
2. At School
3. To myself
4. To the Environment

Answer:
At Home:

• Being responsible
• Using magic words and caring deeds
• Being helpful

At School:

• Being respectful
• Follow rules
• Being patriotic

To myself:

• Being honest
• Being self disciplined
• Displaying good character

To the Environment:

• Being compassionate
• Socially responsible

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Civics Citizen and Citizenship Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
A person born in India on or after 26th January 1950 but before 1 July 1987 is an Indian citizen by ……………..
(a) Birth
(b) Descent
(c) Registration
(d) Natrualation
Answer:
(a) Birth

Question 2.
A citizen of any country, who renounces the citizenship of that country, becomes an Indian citizen by …………….
(a) Descent
(b) Naturalisation
(c) Registration
(d) Incorporation of territory
Answer:
(b) Naturalisation

Question 3.
According to ……………. amendment of our constitution a set of Fundamental duties are prescribed.
(a) 55
(b) 51
(c) 42
(d) 32
Answer:
(c) 42

Question 4.
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas is celebrated once in ……………. years.
(a) 4
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 2
Answer:
(d) 2

II. Fill in the blanks

1. …………….. is the study of the Government.
2. …………….. is sponsored by Ministry of External Affairs of Government of India.
3. …………….. and ……………. are two terms that refer to non-nationals of a country.

Answer:

1. Civics
2. Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
3. Alien, Immigrant

III. State True or False

Question 1.
A person bom outside India on or after 10th December 1992 is a citizen of India if either of his parents is an Indian citizen at the time of his birth.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
As per the order precedence, Prime Minister is the first citizen of India.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
As per the order precedence, President is the first citizen of India.

IV. Consider the following statements. Tick (V) the appropriate answer:

Question 1.
A person acquires citizenship by Registration, if
(i) He is of Indian Origin who is ordinarily resident in any country or place outside India.
(ii) He is of Indian Origin who is ordinarily resident in India for five years before applying for registration.
(iii) He marries a citizen of India and is ordinarily resident in India for seven years before applying for registration.

(a) i and ii are correct
(b) ii and iii are correct
(c) i is correct (d) i and iii are correct
Answer:
(d) i and iii are correct

V. Answer in brief

Question 1.
Who is a citizen of a country?
Answer:
Citizen is a person of a country who is entitled to enjoy all the legal rights and privileges granted by a state and is obligated to obey its laws and to fulfill his duties.

Question 2.
Define Citizenship.
Answer:
Citizenship is the status given to the citizens which provide them the right to legally live in a country as long as they want.

Question 3.
Mention one criterion under which a person becomes a citizen of India by Naturalisation.
Answer:
If he is not a citizen of any country where citizens of India are Prevented from becoming subjects or citizens of that country.

Question 4.
Define Nationality.
Answer:
Nationality is the status of belonging to a particular nation by origin, birth basically, it’s an ethnic and racial concept. Nationality of a person cannot be changed.

Question 5.
When is citizenship granted to an individual by the Government?
Answer:
Citizenship is granted to an individual by the government of the country when he/ she complies with the legal formalities. Citizenship can be changed.

Question 6.
What does the term ‘Alien’ refer to?
Answer:
Alien refers to all non-citizens or non – nationals residing in a country.eg. tourists, foreign students.

Question 7.
What do you mean by ‘Immigrant’?
Answer:
Immigrant refers to alien who has been granted the right to reside and work permanently without restriction in a particular country.

Question 8.
What is Global citizenship?
Answer:
Global citizenship is an idea that everyone, no matter where they live is part of a worldwide community rather than as the citizen of particular nation or place. Enabling young people to access and participate in shaping modem society.

Question 9.
Write a note on Overseas Indians’ day.
Answer:
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) Sponsored by Ministry of External Affairs of Government of India is celebrated once in every two years, to “mark the contributions of Overseas Indian Community in the development of India”. The day commemorates the arrival of Mahatma Gandhi in India from South Africa.

VI. Answer the following in Detail

Question 1.
Write a note on the Overseas citizenship of India.
Answer:
1. Non – Resident Indian:
An Indian citizen who is residing outside India and holds an Indian passport.

2. Person on Indian Origin:
A person whose any ancestors was an Indian nationals and who is presently holding another country’s citizenship.(other than Pakistan, Bangaladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan,Afghanistan. China and Nepal). The PIO scheme was rescinded w.e.f. 09-01-2015

3. Overseas Citizen of India Card Holder:
It is an immigration status permitting a foreign citizen of Indian origin to live and work in the Republic of India indefinitely. (Except the citizen of Pakistan and Bangladesh). There are no voting rights for an OCI card holder.

Students can Download Maths Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.1 Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 2 Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.1

7th Maths Term 2 Exercise 2.1 Question 1.
Find the missing values in the following table for the circles with radius (r), diameter (d) and Circumference (C).

Solution:
(i) Given radius r = 15cm
∴ diameter d = 2 × 15 = 30 cm
Circumference C = π d units
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × 30 = \(\frac { 660 }{ 7 } \) = 94.28 cm

(ii) Given circumference C = 1760 cm
2πr = 1760
2 × \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × r = 1760
r = \(\frac{1760 \times 7}{2 \times 22}\) = \(\frac{160 \times 7}{2 \times 2}\) = 40 × 7 = 280 cm
diameter = 2 × r
= 2 × 280 = 560 cm

(iii) diameter d = 24m
radius r = \(\frac { d }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac { 24 }{ 2 } \) = 12 m
Circumference C = 2 π r units
= 2 × \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × 12 = \(\frac { 528 }{ 7 } \) = 75.4 m

Tabulating the results

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Term 2 Question 2.
Diameters of different circles are given below. Find their circumference (Take π = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) )
(i) d = 70cm
(ii) d = 56m
(iii) d = 28mm
Solution:
(i) Diameter d = 70 cm
Circumference C = π d units = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × 70 = 22 × 10 = 220 cm

(ii) Diameter d = 56 m
Circumference = π d units
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × 56 = 22 × 8 = 176 m

(iii) Diameter d = 28 mm
Circumference C = π d units = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × 28 = 22 × 4 = 88 mm

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Answers Term 2 Question 3.
Find the circumference of the circles whose radii are given below.
(i) 49 cm
(ii) 91 mm
Solution:
Radius r = 49 cm
Circumference C = 2 π r units = 2 × \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × 49 = 2 × 22 × 7
= 44 × 7 = 308 cm

(ii) Radius r = 91 mm
Circumference C = 2 π r units
= 2 × \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × 91 = 2 × 22 × 13 = 44 × 13 = 572 mm

7th Maths 2.1 Question 4.
The diameter of a circular well is 4.2 m. What is its circumference?
Solution:
Given the diameter d = 4.2 m
Circumference C = π d units = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × 4.2 m = 22 × 0.6 = 13.2 m

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Solutions Term 2 Question 5.
The diameter of the bullock cart wheel is 1.4 m. Find the distance covered by it in 150 rotations?
Solution:
Diameter of the bullock cart wheel d= 1.4 m
Distance covered in 1 rotation = Its circumference
= π d units = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × 1 .4 m = 22 × 0.2 = 4.4 m
Distance covered in one rotation = 4.4 m
Distance covered in 150 rotations = 4.4 × 150 = 660.0
Distance covered in 150 rotations = 660 m

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Term 2 Maths Solutions Question 6.
A ground is in the form of a circle whose diameter is 350 m. An athlete makes 4 revolutions. Find the distance covered by the athlete.
Solution:
Diameter of the ground d = 350 m
Distance covered in 1 revolution = Circumference of the circle
= π d units = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × 350 m = 22 × 50 = 1100 m
Distance covered in 1 rotation = 1100 m
Distance covered in 4 revolutions = 1100 × 4 = 4400 m

7th Std Samacheer Kalvi Maths Solutions Term 2 Question 7.
A wire of length 1320 cm is made into circular frames of radius 7 cm each. How many frames can be made?
Solution:
Length of the wire = 1320 cm
Radius of each circular frame = 7cm
Circumference of the frame 2 π r units = 2 × \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × 7 cm = 2 × 22 = 44 cm

30 frames can be made.

7th Standard Maths Samacheer Kalvi Question 8.
A Rose garden is in the form of circle of radius 63 m. The gardener wants to fence it at the rate of ₹ 150 per metre. Find the cost of fencing?
Solution:
Radius of the garden r = 63 m
Circumference of the garden = 2 π r units = 2 × \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × 63 m = 2 × 22 × 9 = 396 m
Cost of fencing 1 meter = ₹ 150
Cost of fencing 396 meter = ₹ 150 × 396 = ₹ 59,400
∴ Cost of fencing the garden = ₹ 59,400

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Standard Maths Objective Type Questions

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Term 2 Guide Question 9.
Formula used to find the circumference of a circle is
(i) 2πr units
(ii) πr² + 2r units
(iii) πr² sq. units
(iv) πr³ cu. units
Answer:
(i) 2πr units

7th Maths Guide Term 2 Question 10.
In the formula, C = 2πr, ‘r’ refers to
(i) circumference
(ii) area
(iii) rotation
(iv) radius
Answer:
(iv) radius

7th Std Maths Samacheer Kalvi Question 11.
If the circumference of a circle is 82π, then the value of ‘r’ is
(i) 41cm
(ii) 82 cm
(iii) 21cm
(iv) 20 cm
Answer:
(i) 41cm

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Books Question 12.
Circumference of a circle is always
(i) three times of its diameter
(ii) more than three times of its diameter
(iii) less than three times of its diameter
(iv) three times of its radius
Answer:
(ii) more than three times of its diameter

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 25 Computer – An Introduction

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Computer – An Introduction Textbook Exercises

I. Choose the correct answer.

9th Computer Guide Question 1.
……………. is an electronic device which stores data and information.
(a) Telescope
(b) Television
(c) Computer
(d) Radio
Answer:
(c) Computer

9th Computer Science Guide Question 2.
…………….. belongs to the generation IV of the computer.
(a) Microprocessor
(b) Artificial intelligence
(c) Transistor
(d) Vacuum Tubes
Answer:
(a) Microprocessor

Computer Science 9th Guide Question 3.
Data processing involves ……………. steps.
(a) seven
(b) four
(c) six
(d) eight
Answer:
(c) six

9th Standard Computer Science Guide Question 4.
(i) Abacus belongs to the first generation of the computer.
(ii) ENIAC was used in the American military.
(a) Both the statements are correct
(b) Statement (i) is wrong but (ii) is correct
(c) Statement (i) is correct but (ii) is wrong
(d) Both the statements are wrong.
Answer:
(a) Both the statements are correct

II. Match the following.

1. III generation computer – (a) Integrated circuit
2. Text, number – (b) Information
3. Transistor – (c) Father of computer
4. Directly used – (d) Data
5. Charles Babbage – (e) II generation

Answer:

1. (a) Integrated circuit
2. (d) Data
3. (e) II generation
4. (b) Information
5. (c) Father of computer

III. Answer the following in brief.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Computer Science Book Question 1.
Define computer.
Answer:
Computer is an electronic device, which manipulates and stores data and information through commands or program codes.

Computer 9th Guide Question 2.
Differentiate data and information.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Computer Book Question 3.
What is data processing?
Answer:
The data processing in a computer is collecting data and converting it into information according to our needs and requirements.

IV. Answer the following in detail:-

9th Computer Guide Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
What are the different steps involved in data processing?
Answer:
Data processing has six steps. They are,

• Data collection
• Data storage
• Data sorting
• The data processing
• Data analysis
• Data presentation and conclusions

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Computer Science Book Answers Question 2.
List out the generations of computer.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Computer – An Introduction Additional Questions

I. Fill in the blanks.

1. ………………. is an electronic device which manipulates and stores data and information.
2. Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace was honored as the first programmer for programming ……………..
3. Computer operates by the exchange of ……………… between the hardware and software.
4. ……………. designed the basic constructions of a computer.
5. The first and the basic method of computing is ………………..

Answer:

1. Computer
2. Arithmetic operations
3. Commands
4. Charles Babbage
5. Abacus

Students can Download English Lesson 1 Sindbad – My First Voyage Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity, Samacheer Kalvi 7th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th English Solutions Term 3 Supplementary Chapter 1 Sindbad – My First Voyage

Read And Understand

A. Match the following.

Answer:

1. b
2. c
3. d
4. e
5. a

B. Choose the correct options from the ones.

1. Sindbad decided to sail to the __________ (Persian Gulf / Mexican Gulf) with some goods.
2. He was being tossed by powerful waves and was thrown on an /a __________ (island / peninsula)
3. The men in the cave were all __________ (ministers/slaves) of the king.
4. The king was a __________ (noble and kind/mean and cruel) person.
5. The king gave many valuable __________ (gifts/rewards) to Sindbad.

Answer:

1. Persian Gulf
2. island
3. slaves
4. noble and kind
5. gifts

C. Read the passage and answer the questions given below.

One day, when I was standing on the port, I saw a ship approaching the port. It was the same ship, which had sailed further after leaving me behind, struggling in the sea. When the captain of the ship saw me, he was greatly surprised to find me alive. He and the other crew members hugged me with happiness. The captain handed over my goods to me, which had been left on the ship.

Sindbad My First Voyage Question 1.
Where was he standing?
Answer:
He was standing on the port.

Sindbad My First Voyage 7th English Question 2.
What did he see?
Answer:
He saw a ship approaching the port.

Sindbad My First Voyage Summary Question 3.
Whom did he meet on the ship and why was the person surprised?
Answer:
He met the captain on the ship. The person was surprised to find him alive.

Sinbad The Sailor First Voyage Questions And Answers Question 4.
What did he get back from the captain?
Answer:
He got back his goods from the captain.

D. Rearrange the following sentences in the correct order.

1. I longed to go back home.
2. I narrated my tale of sufferings and hardships to the king.
3. Our group sailed from one country to another, selling goods.
4. I saw the same ship approaching the port.
5. My father was a rich merchant.
6. I was being tossed by the frequent powerful waves.
7. Sindbad completed the tale of his voyage.
8. He presented the purse full of gold coins.
Answer:
5. My father was a rich merchant.
3. Our group sailed from one country to another, selling goods.
6. I was being tossed by the frequent powerful waves.
2. I narrated my tale of sufferings and hardships to the king.
1. I longed to go back home.
4. I saw the same ship approaching the port.
7. Sindbad completed the tale of his voyage.
8. He presented the purse full of gold coins.

E. Work in pairs and write the answers.

Sindbad My First Voyage Book Back Answers Question 1.
Describe the island that the ship’s crew found.
Answer:
One day, they were on board. They saw a beautiful small green island. Just to have some fun, they all got down on it. As soon as they lit the fire for cooking, they got a jerk. The island was trembling. It was not an island. It was the back of a huge animal. It got disturbed when the fire was lit on his back.

Sindbad My First Voyage Question Answer Question 2.
Did Sindbad, the porter, enjoy his meeting with Sindbad the sailor? Why?
Answer:
Yes, Sindbad the porter enjoyed his meeting with Sindbad, the sailor. He was listening to the amazing tale of Sindbad with all wonder. The rich Sindbad bade him good bye and asked him to come the next day to hear the tale of his new voyage. He presented him a purse full of gold coins. The unexpected riches overjoyed Sindbad, the porter. He thanked him and went home.

Project

F. Brochure Making

Your school is organising an educational trip. Work in a team and prepare a brochure for the trip, Include places to see, essential things to be brought, and the activities one can do on the trip.

Activity to he done by the Students

Connecting To Self

G. Road Safety
Road safety rules make our driving a better experience. As a responsible citizen we ought to obey traffic rules and pay attention to the road signs.
Look at the picture. Circle the dangerous actions of pedestrians on or near the road. Discuss in groups and write down the Pedestrians Road Safety Rules.

Answer:

1. Cross the road after looking at both ways-
2. Don’t run on the streets and road
3. Read and Interpret road safety signs-
4. While walking, use only the sidewalks-
5. Cross the road only at Zebra crossing-
6. Ensure bicycle safety-

Step To Success

H. A set of words are given below. Categorize it under the appropriate columns.

Answer:

Sindbad – My First Voyage Additional Questions

I. Choose the Correct Answers (MCQ).

Sindbad My First Voyage Mind Map Question 1.
My father was a rich _________
(a) trader rich
(b) farmer
(c) merchant
(d) landlord
Answer:
(c) merchant!

Sindbad My First Voyage Lesson Plan Question 2.
I decided to sail from _________ gulf with some goods.
(a) Persian
(b) Mexican
(c) California
(d) Alaska
Answer:
(a) Persian

Sindbad My First Voyage In Tamil Question 3.
As soon as we lit the fire for cooking, we got a _________
(a) shiver
(b) jerk
(c) tremble
(d) shake
Answer:
(b) jerk!

Question 4.
We were when we realized this _________
(a) surprised
(b) shocked
(c) baffled
(d) terrified
Answer:
(d) terrified

Question 5.
I was one among those _________
(a) survivors
(b) sufferers
(c) strugglers
(d) leaders
Answer:
(c) strugglers

Question 6.
At last, I was thrown on _________
(a) an island
(b) a land
(c) a shore
(d) the raft
Answer:
(a) an island!

Question 7.
As I walked further in this _________ land, I met a man.
(a) new
(b) beautiful
(c) vast
(d) strange
Answer:
(d) strange

Question 8.
They served me
(a) disk good _________ and drink.
(b) lunch
(c) food
(d) supper
Answer:
(c) food

Question 9.
During my stay, I witnessed a: number of _________ sights.
(a) great
(b) beautiful
(c) exciting
(d) remarkable
Answer:
(d) remarkable

Question 10.
Finally, I returned to my city _________ as a rich man.
(a) Baghdad
(b) Babylon
(c) Persepolis
(d) Bukhara
Answer:
(a) Baghdad

II. Write True or False against each statement.

1. Sindbad was a man from Baghdad.
2. Sailor Sindbad’s father was a poor man.
3. Everyone jumped into the boat to save their lives.
4. Sindbad held on to the wood when tossed by the waves.
5. The king was a merciless man.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. False

III. Very Short Questions with Answers.

Question 1.
When did Sindbad’s father die?
Answer:
Sindbad’s father died, when he was young.

Question 2.
What did Sindbad decide to do, after he lost his wealth?
Answer:
Sindbad decided to sail for the Persian Gulf with some goods.

Question 3.
What did the group see, when they were on board?
Answer:
They saw a beautiful small green island.

Question 4.
Was it really an island? What was it?
Answer:
No, it was not an island. It was the back of a huge animal.

Question 5.
Where was Sindbad thrown by the waves?
Answer:
Sindbad was thrown on an island.

Question 6.
What happened to Sindbad’s  limbs? Why?
Answer:
Sindbad’s limbs became stiff and refused to move because of his continuous

Question 7.
How did he quench his thirst?
Answer:
He quenched his thirst from a spring on the island.

IV. Short Questions with Answers.

Question 1.
Who were the men present on the island? What did they serve Sindbad?
Answer:
They were all the slaves of the king of the island. They served Sindbad with good food and drink.

Question 2.
Who was Mihrjan? What type of a person was he?
Answer:
Mihrjan was the ruler of the island. He was a noble and a kind person.

Question 3.
What did the king do, after hearing Sindbad’s tale of suffering?
Answer:
The king sympathized with him and appointed him as an officer on the spot.

Question 4.
What did the sea water around the island contain?
Answer:
The sea water around the islands contained huge and terrible fishes. A few were hundred times bigger than the largest ship.

Question 5.
What did Sindbad ask the visiting sailors?
Answer:
Sindbad asked them about his city Baghbad, but no one knew about it.

V. Paragraph Question with Answer.

Question 1.
How did Sindbad spend his stay on the island?
Answer:
The king appointed him as an officer. He became friendly with the people on the island. During his stay, he witnessed a number of remarkable sights. There were huge fishes in the seawater around the island. Once, he saw a fish that had a head like a bull. He also witnessed many unimaginable wonders. Ships from different parts of the world visited the small island. But the visiting sailors did not know about the city of Baghdad. Sindbad longed to go back home.

VI. Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order.

A
1. Just to have fun, we all got down on that green patch.
2. Our group sailed from one country to another, selling the goods.
3. I returned to my senses only after the loss of all the wealth.
4. I decided to sail for the Persian Gulf with some goods. .
5. One day, when we were on board, we saw a beautiful small green island.
Answer:
3. I returned to my senses only after the loss of all the wealth.
4. I decided to sail for the Persian Gulf with some goods.
2. Our group sailed from one country to another, selling the goods.
5. One day, when we were on board, we saw a beautiful small green island.
1. Just to have fun, we all got down on that green patch.

B.
1. I thanked the king for his kindness and all the favours he had done to me.
2. The king again gave me many valuable farewell gifts.
3. When it was time to leave, I went to meet the king.
4. Finally, I returned to my city Baghdad as a rich man.
5. Meanwhile, I did good business and earned a lot of money.
Answer:
5. Meanwhile, I did good business and earned a lot of money.
3. When it was time to leave, I went to meet the king.
1. I thanked the king for his kindness and all the favours he had done to me.
2. The king again gave me many valuable farewell gifts.
4. Finally, I returned to my city Baghdad as a rich man.

C.
1. He asked him to come the next day to hear the tale of his new voyage.
2. Sindbad the sailor then bade good bye to the poor porter.
3. The unexpected riches overjoyed Sindbad, the porter.
4. He thanked his rich host and went home.
5. But before leaving he presented Sindbad a purse full of gold coins.
Answer:
2. Sindbad the sailor then bade good bye to the poor porter.
1. He asked him to come the next day to hear the tale of his new voyage.
5. But before leaving he presented Sindbad a purse full of gold coins.
3. The unexpected riches overjoyed Sindbad, the porter.
4. He thanked his rich host and went home.

VII. Read the passage and answer the questions.

A.
In this extract, the rich Sindbad describes his first voyage to the poor Sindbad (porter). My father was a rich merchant. When he died, I was still young. He left behind a big wealth. However, I was an inexperienced thoughtless youth and spent all his wealth foolishly.

Question 1.
To whom did Sindbad describe his first voyage?
Answer:
Sindbad describes his first voyage to the poor Sindbad, the porter.

Question 2.
What did his father leave behind?
Answer:
His father left behind a big wealth.

Question 3.
How did he spend all his wealth?
Answer:
He spent all his wealth foolishly.

Question 4.
When did his father die?
Answer:
His father died, when he was young.

Question 5.
What kind of a youth was Sindbad?
Answer:
Sindbad was an inexperienced thoughtless youth.

B.
I was being tossed by the powerful sea waves but I held on to the wood and kept floating for
a long time. At last, I was thrown on an island. I was very tired and extremely hungry.

Question 1.
What did Sindbad held on to?
Answer:
Sindbad held on to the wood.

Question 2.
How long did he float?
Answer:
He floated for a long time.

Question 3.
Where was he thrown?
Answer:
He was thrown on an island.

Question 4.
How did Sindbad feel after reaching the island?
Answer:
Sindbad was very tired and extremely hungry.

Question 5.
What does the word ‘tossed’ mean?
Answer:
The word ‘tossed’ means ‘thrown about’.

Sindbad – My First Voyage Summary

Sindbad, the sailor is a fictional mariner and the hero of a story cycle of Middle-Eastern origin. He was a man from Baghdad who had fantastic adventures in magical realms. In this extract, the rich Sindbad describes his first voyage to the poor Sindbad, the porter.

When the father of rich Sindbad died, he left behind a big wealth. Sindbad spent all his wealth foolishly. After realising his fault, Sindbad decided to sail for the Persian Gulf with some goods. One day, on board, their group saw a beautiful small green island. Out of curiosity, they all gotdown on that green patch. They decided to cook, as they were hungry. As soon as they lit the fire for cooking, they got a jerk. The island was shaking. It was not an island. But a huge animal. Everyone jumped into the sea to save his life. A few of them couldn’t board the ship and they were left there struggling for their life. Sindbad was one among them.

Fortunately, he caught hold of a big piece of wood and kept floating for a long time. He was thrown on an island. There, he met a man who helped him to get good food and drink. Later, when he narrated his sufferings to the king of the Island, Mihrjan, he took pity on him. He appointed him as an officer on the spot. There Sindbad witnessed many unimaginable wonders. He became friendly with the people there. But longed to go back. One day, the same ship which he boarded, happened to come to that place. The captain of the ship was surprised to find Sindbad alive.

Sindbad presented some of his goods to the kind king. In return, the king also gave him expensive presents. As the ship stayed on the island for a few days, Sindbad did good business and earned a lot of money. Finally, he returned to his city Baghdad as a rich man. Sindbad completed his story and bade good bye to the poor porter. He presented him with a purse-full of good coins. The unexpected riches overjoyed the porter.