Laxmi

Students who are interested in learning of 11th English Grammar Sentence Transformation Questions and Answers can use Tamilnadu State Board Solutions of 11th English Chapter Wise Pdf. First check in which chapter you are lagging and then Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers Summary, Activity, Notes Chapter Wise. Students can build self confidence by solving the solutions with the help of Tamilnadu State Board English Solutions. English is the scoring subject if you improve your grammar skills. Because most of the students will lose marks by Grammar grammar mistakes. So, we suggest you to Download Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Solutions according to the chapters.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Sentence Transformation

Check out the topics covered in Grammar Sentence Transformation Questions and Answers before you start your preparation. Improve your grammar skills with the help of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf links. The solutions for Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Textbook are prepared by the English experts. So, if you follow Tamilnadu State Board Solutions 11th English Textbook Solutions you can cover all the topics in Grammar Sentence Transformation Questons and Answers. This helps to improve your communication skills.

The table given below contains the basic principles to transform the sentences:

Simple	Complex (sub-ordinating conjunction)	Ccompound (co-ordinating conjunction)
too ………………………………. to	so ………………………………. that	Very ………………………………. and so
In the case of/in the event of	If / Unless ………………………………. (not)	or, or else, otherwise
In spite of / Despite+Noun phrase	Though/although/even though	but, yet, still
Being, Having On+verb+ing (gerund) Till, after, before+’v’ing

Transform the sentences according to the instructions given in the bracket:

Question 1.
The boy was very hungry, so he ate the whole cake, (change into a simple sentence)
Answer:
Being very hungry, the boy ate the whole cake.

Question 2.
Though the lizard made several attempts, it could not catch the spider. (change into a compound sentence)
Answer:
The lizard made several attempts yet it could not catch the spider.

Question 3.
The lady was very ill. She could not go to the office. (Change into a complex sentence)
Answer:
As the lady was ill, she could not go to the office.

Question 4.
The doctor made several attempts. He could not save the old man. (Change into a simple sentence)
Answer:
In spite of making several attempts, the doctor could not save the old man.

Question 5.
She was bold. So, she became an astronaut. (Change into a simple sentence)
Answer:
Being bold, she became an astronaut.

Question 6.
As it rained heavily, the schools were closed, (change into a compound sentence)
Answer:
It rained heavily and so the schools were closed.

Question 7.
She was very tired. She couldn’t walk. (Change into a simple sentence)
Answer:
She was too tired to walk.

Question 8.
He burnt his midnight oil. Yet, he did not clear his CA examination with distinction. (Change into a complex sentence)
Answer:
Even though/Although/Though he burnt his midnight oil, he did not clear his CA examination with distinction.

Question 9.
The master was very angry. He shouted at the sleeping watchman. (Change into a simple sentence)
Answer:
Being very angry, the master shouted at the sleeping watchman.

Question 10.
Though the leader made many efforts, he could not bring unity among the party cadres. (Change into a compound sentence)
Answer:
The leader made many attempts but he could not bring unity among the party cadres.

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of 11th English to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Grammar Sentence Transformation Questions and Answers in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

Students who are interested in learning of 11th English Grammar Conditional Clause Questions and Answers can use Tamilnadu State Board Solutions of 11th English Chapter Wise Pdf. First check in which chapter you are lagging and then Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers Summary, Activity, Notes Chapter Wise. Students can build self confidence by solving the solutions with the help of Tamilnadu State Board English Solutions. English is the scoring subject if you improve your grammar skills. Because most of the students will lose marks by Grammar grammar mistakes. So, we suggest you to Download Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Solutions according to the chapters.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Conditional Clause

Check out the topics covered in Grammar Conditional Clause Questions and Answers before you start your preparation. Improve your grammar skills with the help of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf links. The solutions for Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Textbook are prepared by the English experts. So, if you follow Tamilnadu State Board Solutions 11th English Textbook Solutions you can cover all the topics in Grammar Conditional Clause Questons and Answers. This helps to improve your communication skills.

Definition of a conditional clause
A conditional clause is a type of subordinate clause, most commonly introduced by the conjunction ‘if’ or ‘unless’. Like most subordinate clauses introduced by a conjunction, the conditional clause can either go before the main clause, or after it.

Example: If I have enough money (conditional clause), I will go to Japan (main clause).

First, Second, and Third Conditional:

1. First conditional: If I have enough money, I will go to Japan.
2. Second conditional: If I had enough money, I would go to Japan.
3. Third conditional: If I had, had enough money, I would have gone to Japan.

Learn the following structures and learn the verbs:
1. If you study well, you will get centum
As per the aforesaid structures do the following exercises:

1. Put the milk in the fridge. It will go sour.
If you don’t put the milk in the fridge, it will go sour.
Or
If you put the milk in the fridge, it will not go sour.

2. Close the door. The stray dog will not enter the home.
If you close the door, the stray dog will not enter the home.
Or
If you don’t close the door, the stray dog will enter the home.

3. Work part-time. You will earn while you learn.
If you work part time, you will earn while you learn.

4. I were an angel. I could make honest people rich.
If I were an angel, I could make honest people rich.

5. I were his teacher. I would teach him to be respectful to women.
If I were his teacher, I would teach him to be respectful to women.

6. You talk ill of others. Others will talk ill of you naturally.
If you talk ill of others, others will talk ill of you naturally.

7. You waste drinking water now. There will be scarcity of potable water in future.
If you waste drinking water now, there will be scarcity of potable water in future.

8. He persisted. He would win.
If he persisted, he would win.

9. We reduce the use of fossil fuels. There will be less pollution.
If we reduce the use of fossil fuels, there will be less pollution.

10. I had the wings of a bird. I would fly abroad without a passport.
If I had the wings of a bird, I would fly abroad without a passport.

11. I had the power. I would eliminate poverty in the world.
If I had the power, I would eliminate poverty in the world.

12. I had rescued the baby. People would have called me a hero.
If I had rescued the baby, people would have called me a hero.

13. I were you. I would not incur Sasi’s displeasure.
If I were you, I would not incur Sasi’s displeasure.

14. You value your life. Leave the child unharmed.
If you value your life, leave the child unharmed.

15. It rains. I shall stay at home.
If it rains, I shall stay at home.

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of 11th English to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Grammar Conditional Clause Questions and Answers in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

Students can find the most related topics which helps them to analyse the concepts if they practice according to the chapter-wise page. It is necessary for the students to practice more Questions and Answers for Tamilnadu State Board Solutions of 11th Commerce are given in the pdf format in chapter 9 Government Organisation Questions and Answers so that students can prepare in both online and offline modes. So, Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, to score good marks.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Solutions Chapter 9 Government Organisation

Get the Questions and Answers, in Tamilnadu State Board 11th Commerce Solutions for Chapter 9 Government Organisation. Learn the concepts of 11th Commerce Chapter-Wise by referring to the Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for Chapter 9 Government Organisation Questions and Answers. Hence we suggest the students to Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf to enhance your knowledge.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Government Organisation Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1.
The share capital of the government company must not be less than …………….
(a) 49%
(b) 51%
(c) 50 %
(d) 25%
Answer:
(b) 51%

Question 2.
Airport Authority of India is a public enterprise. Identify the fortti of organisation.
(a) Statutory Corporations
(b) Departmental undertakings
(c) Multi – National Corporation
(d) State Owned Company
Answer:
(b) Departmental undertakings

Question 3.
The oldest form of organisation in public sector …………….
(a) Public sector undertakings
(b) Departmental undertakings
(c) Multi – national corporation
(d) Statutory corporation
Answer:
(b) Departmental undertakings

Question 4.
A Government company purchases shares in the name of …………….
(a) Prime Minister
(b) President
(c) Chief Justice of India
(d) State Chief Minister
Answer:
(b) President

Question 5.
The primary objective of the state enterprises is to …………….
(a) Earn profit
(b) provide employment
(c) Serve the people
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Serve the people

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
State the different types of public sectors enterprises.
Answer:

1. Departmental Undertaking
2. Public Corporation
3. Government Company

Question 2.
What is the basic feature of a Departmental undertaking?
Answer:

1. Formation : A departmental undertaking is established either as a separate full – fledged ministry or as a sub-division of a ministry (i.e. department) of the Government.
2. No Separate Entity : A departmental undertaking does not have an independent entity distinct from the Government.

Question 3.
Give two examples for each of the following:
Answer:

1. Private sector enterprises
2. Global enterprises
3. Public enterprises

Answer:

1. Private sector enterprises

• Sole proprietorship
• Partnership

2. Global enterprises

• Coca – Cola Corporation
• Unilever

3. Public enterprises

• Life Insurance Corporation
• Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGC)

Question 4.
State the form of public enterprises which is most suitable for projects related to National Security.
Answer:
Strategic industries like defence, and atomic power cannot be better managed other than government departments. Departmental undertakings can maintain secrecy in their working.

Question 5.
The Industrial Policy Resolution 2001 exclusively reserved for few industries for the public sector. Name these industries.
Answer:

1. Departmental Undertaking
2. Public Corporations
3. Government Companies

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
List the areas where the state or central ownership is a preferred form of business organisation. Justify your choice of areas.’
Answer:

1. Coal Miners Authority Ltd.
2. Steel Authority of India Ltd.
3. Indian Telephone Industries
4. Tamil Nadu State Corporation Ltd.

A company owned by central and/or State Government is called a Government Company. Either whole of the capital or majority of the shares are owned by the Government.

Question 2.
What are the different kinds of organisations that come under the public sector?
Answer:

1. Departmental Undertaking
2. Public Corporations
3. Government Companies

Question 3.
List the names of some enterprises under the public sector and classify them.
Answer:
Departmental Undertaking Public Corporations Government Companies

Question 4.
Define Departmental undtertakings.
Answer:
Departmental form of organisation of managing state enterprises is the oldest form of organisation. Under departmental form of organisation, a public enterprise is run as a separate full – fledged ministry or as a major sub – division of a department of the Government.

Question 5.
What is meant by Government Company?
Answer:
A “Government company” is defined under Section 2(45) of the Companies Act, 2013 as “any company in which not less than 51% of the paid-up share capital is held by the Central Government, or by any State Government or Governments, or partly by the Central Government and partly by one or more State Governments, and includes a company which is a subsidiary company of such a Government company”.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Departmental undertaking?
Answer:
Advantages:
1. Easy Formation:
It is easy to set up a departmental undertaking. The departmental undertaking is created by an administrative decision of the Government, involving no legal formalities for its formation.

2. Direct and Control of Parliament or State Legislature:
The departmental undertaking is directly responsible to the Parliament or the State legislature through its overall head i.e. the minister concerned.

3. Secrecy Maintained:
Strategic industries like defence and atomic power cannot be better managed other than government departments. Department undertakings can maintain secrecy in their working.

Disadvantages:
1. Red – Tape and Bureaucracy: There is too much of procedures which results in delay. Commercial organisation cannot afford delay in taking decisions.

2. Incidence of Additional Taxation: Losses incurred by a departmental enterprise are met out of the treasury. This very often necessitates additional taxation the burden of which falls on the common man.

Question 2.
What are the features of Public corporation? (Any 5)
Answer:
1. Special Statute:
A public corporation is created by a special Act of the Parliament or the State Legislature. The Act defines its powers, objectives, functions and relations with the ministry and the Parliament (or State Legislature).

2. Separate Legal Entity:
A public corporation is a separate legal entity with perpetual succession and common seal. It has an existence, independent of the Government. It can own property; can make contracts and file suits, in its own name.

3. Capital Provided by the Government:
The capital of a public corporation is provided by the Government or by agencies controlled by the government.- However, many public corporations have also begun to raise money from the capital market.

4. Financial Autonomy:
A public corporation enjoys financial autonomy. It prepares its own budget; and has authority to retain and utilize its earnings for its business.

5. Management by Board of Directors: Its management is vested in a Board of Directors, appointed or nominated by the Government. But there is no Governmental interference in the day – to – day working of the corporation.

Question 3.
What are the Features of Government company? (Any 5)
Answer:
1. Registration Under the Companies Act:
A Government company is formed through registration under the Companies Act, 1956; and is subject to the provisions of this Act, like any other company. However, the Central Government may direct that any of the provisions of the Companies Act shall not apply to a Government company or shall apply with certain modifications.

2. Executive Decision of Government:
A Government company is created by an executive decision of the Government, without seeking the approval of the Parliament or the State Legislature.

3. Separate Legal Entity:
A Government company is a legal entity separate from the Government. It can acquire property; can make contracts and can file suits, in its own name.

4. Whole or Majority Capital Provided by Government:
The whole or majority (at least 51 %) of the capital of a Government company is provided by the Government; but the revenues of the company are not deposited into the treasury.

5. Majority of Government Directors:
Being in possession of a majority of share capital, the Government has authority to appoint majority of directors, on the Board of Directors of a government company.

Question 4.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Public corporation?
Advantages:
1. Bold Management due to Operational Autonomy:
A public corporation enjoys internal operational autonomy; as it is free from Governmental control. It can, therefore, run in a business like manner. Management can take bold decisions involving experimentation in its lines of activities, taking advantage of business situations.

2. Legislative Control:
Affairs of a public corporation are subject to scrutiny by Committees of Parliament or State Legislature. The Press also keeps a watchful eye on the working of a public corporation. This keeps a check on the unhealthy practices on the part of the management of the public corporation.

3. Qualified and Contented Staff:
Public corporation offers attractive service conditions to its staff. As such it is able to attract qualified staff.

Disadvantages:
1. Autonomy and Flexibility, Only in Theory:
Autonomy and flexibility advantages of a public corporation exist only in theory. In practice, there is a lot of interference in the working of a public corporation by ministers, government officers and other politicians.

2. Misuse of Monopolistic Power:
Public corporations often enjoy monopoly in their field of operation. As such, on the one hand they are indifferent to consumer needs and problems; and on the other hand, often do not hesitate to exploit consumers.

Question 5.
What are the features of Departmental organisation? (Any 5)
Answer:
1. Formation : A departmental undertaking is established either as a separate full – fledged ministry or as a sub-division of a ministry (i.e. department) of the Government.

2. No Separate Entity : A departmental undertaking does not have an independent entity distinct from the Government.

3. Ultimate Responsibility : The ultimate responsibility for the management of a departmental undertaking lies with the minister concerned who is responsible to the Parliament or State Legislature for the affairs of the departmental undertaking. The minister, in turn, delegates his authority downwards to various other management levels, in the departmental undertaking.

4. Governmental Financing : The departmental undertaking is financed through annual budget appropriations by the Parliament or the State Legislature. The revenues of the undertaking are paid into the government treasury.

5. Accounting and Audit : The departmental undertaking is subject to the normal budgeting, accounting and audit procedures, which are applicable to all Government departments.

Case Study

Case 1:
You are a newly appointed MD of a foreign sector tourist Bus transport company. The management of the bus Transport undertaking of your city finds that its buses are not able to attract very many tourists. Private Mini – Buses are seen to be preferred by people on certain routes. As a result, the undertaking is incurring losses. Therefore, management wants to reformulate its price policy. As a CEO or MD what advice can you give to it? Explain.
Answer:

1. For attract the people, they can change the buses with new facilities.
2. Wi – fi facilities can be provided.
3. New painted buses with luxury can run.
4. Air condition facilities can apply.
5. At low cost they can run the bus.
6. New engine can introduce for control of air problems.
7. The government has the power of control the buses. So they can provide subsidy facilities to the people to attract.
8. Buses can be remodelling with new ideas among the people.
9. Can adopt new innovations to attract the people
10. Tickets cost may be reduced.

Case 2:
Mr. Sudhan is studying in B.Com, 1st year. His father, Mr. Somu is a leading businessman in Chennai. Somehow, Mr. Sudhan does not know anything about utilities. But he is to prepare a lesson for his class in this topic. He request his father for help. His father tells Mr. Sudhan that Public utilities are no different from his own business except that these are controlled by Government instead of private people. Meanwhile, Mr. Chandrasekaran a friend of Mr. Somu comes there. Mr. Chandrasekaran is an employee of Chennai Electricity Supply Undertaking. Mr. Chandrasekaran intervenes in the conversation going on between Mr.Somu and his son and hold that Mr. Sudhan is not correct; there are other special features of public uutilities, too. Perform the characters of Mr. Sudhan, Mr.Somu and Mr. Chandrasekaran and state your positions.

Characters of Mr. Somu: He is a leading businessman in Chennai. He teaches about his business to his son. He explains the differences private and public government business.

1. Government business need not control because Government will do the business.
2. Private business people will be controlled by Government in the way to paying tax to the Government.
3. Public utilities can be served by Mr. Somu because the utilities services have been done by him.

Characters of Mr. Chandrasekaran:
He is an employee of Chennai Electricity Supply Undertaking. It is a board organisation. It is Government organisation. He explains about the Public Utilities. Electricity supply is very important one to public. The service is given by Government. Electricity supply gives benefits to people, industries, factory, business offices, agriculturalists and household.

Characters of Mr. Sudhan:
He is studying in B.Com., 1st year. He is good to give a speech in his college about public utilities. He gathered sufficient information about public utilities from his father and his father’s friend. He is a student and he is studying commerce. He learns business, trade and industries in text book. Practically he got information from his father’s friend Mr. Chandrasekaran.

Share this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 11th Commerce Chapter 9 Government Organisation Questions and Answers with your friends to help them to overcome the issues in exams. Keep visiting this site Tamilnadu State Board Solutions frequently to get the latest information on different subjects. Clarify your doubts by posting the comments and get the answers in an easy manner.

Students who are interested in learning of 11th English Grammar Active and Passive Voice Questions and Answers can use Tamilnadu State Board Solutions of 11th English Chapter Wise Pdf. First check in which chapter you are lagging and then Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers Summary, Activity, Notes Chapter Wise. Students can build self confidence by solving the solutions with the help of Tamilnadu State Board English Solutions. English is the scoring subject if you improve your grammar skills. Because most of the students will lose marks by Grammar grammar mistakes. So, we suggest you to Download Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Solutions according to the chapters.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Active and Passive Voice

Check out the topics covered in Grammar Active and Passive Voice Questions and Answers before you start your preparation. Improve your grammar skills with the help of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf links. The solutions for Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Textbook are prepared by the English experts. So, if you follow Tamilnadu State Board Solutions 11th English Textbook Solutions you can cover all the topics in Grammar Active and Passive Voice Questons and Answers. This helps to improve your communication skills.

There are two ways of expressing an action by using a transitive verb.
Read the following sentences:

• Magesh killed a rat.
• A rat was killed by Magesh.

These two sentences have the same meaning. These are simply two different ways of saying the same thing. There is, however, a shift in stress on the agent and also a change in the form of verb.

In sentence (i), the subject ‘Magesh’ is the ‘doer’ of the action. It acts or is active. So the verb ’’killed’’ is in active voice.

In sentence (ii), the subject ‘A raf is the ‘receiver’ of action. It suffers the action done by someone else (Magesh, in this case). It is acted upon. So the verb ‘was killed’ is in passive voice.

A. Rewrite the following sentences using passive voice:
1. Mala will enjoy the vacation in Kodaikanal.
The vacation in Kodaikanal will be enjoyed by Mala.

2. Our friends must have triggered this quarrel.
This quarrel must have been triggered by our friends.

3. The police has verified the truth of his testimony.
The truth of his testimony has been verified by the police.

4. Circumstances will oblige Mr. Rao to quit his post.
Mr. Rao will be obliged by the circumstances to quit his post.

5. Someone pinched Peter’s wallet in the train.
Peter’s wallet has been pinched by someone in the train.

6. How have you solved the puzzle? .
How has the puzzle been solved by you?

7. The drunkards created nuisance during the marriage party.
Nuisance was created by the drunkards during the marriage party.

8. Is it possible to buy LED TV in installments with 0% interest?
Can LED TV be bought in installments with 0% interest?

9. Who taught you such a rude behaviour?
By whom were you taught such a rude behaviour?

10. One must endure what is incurable.
What can’t be cured has to be endured.
A heart specialist must be necessarily consulted now.

B. Rewrite the following sentences using active voice:

1. Have you ever been refused a loan before by any bank?
Has any bank refused a loan before to you?

2. Was my data card seen by you?
Did you see my data card?

3. We are taught English excellently by Mr. Henry.
Mr. Henry teaches us English excellently.

4. Shall I be taken to the Taj Mahal?
Will you take me to the Taj Mahal?

5. The earth is said to be flat by some.
Some say that the earth is flat.

6. Why should she be suspected by you?
Why should you suspect her?

7. This technical work could have been done only by an adult.
Only an adult could have done this technical work.

8. Those who help themselves are helped by God.
God helps those who help themselves.

9. A village is ravaged by a cyclone occasionally.
A cyclone ravages a village occasionally.

10. Let the boats are lowered and the drowning man is rescued.
Lower the boats and rescue the drowning man.

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of 11th English to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Grammar Active and Passive Voice Questions and Answers in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

Students who are interested in learning of 11th English Grammar Prepositions Questions and Answers can use Tamilnadu State Board Solutions of 11th English Chapter Wise Pdf. First check in which chapter you are lagging and then Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers Summary, Activity, Notes Chapter Wise. Students can build self confidence by solving the solutions with the help of Tamilnadu State Board English Solutions. English is the scoring subject if you improve your grammar skills. Because most of the students will lose marks by Grammar grammar mistakes. So, we suggest you to Download Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Solutions according to the chapters.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Prepositions

Check out the topics covered in Grammar Prepositions Questions and Answers before you start your preparation. Improve your grammar skills with the help of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf links. The solutions for Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Textbook are prepared by the English experts. So, if you follow Tamilnadu State Board Solutions 11th English Textbook Solutions you can cover all the topics in Grammar Prepositions Questons and Answers. This helps to improve your communication skills.

Choose the appropriate preposition to complete the sentence:

Question 1.
The driver jumped …………………… the burning bus.
(a) from
(b) down
(c) up
Answer:
(a) from

Question 2.
He handed over the answer script …………………… the warning bell.
(a) behind
(b) over
(c) before
Answer:
(c) before

Question 3.
The cheetah jumped …………………… the fence and entered the city.
(a) through
(b) against
(c) over
Answer:
(c) over

Question 4.
Human sacrifices were practiced …………………… the aborigines of Africa.
(a) with
(b) for
(c) by
Answer:
(c) by

Question 5.
The lady has been missing …………………… last week.
(a) from
(b) since
(c) on
Answer:
(b) since

Question 6.
They picked the flowers …………………… great care.
(a) between
(b) along
(c) with
(c) with

Question 7.
Ramesh went …………………… Tom’s place to settle the bills.
(a) to
(b) on
(c) in
Answer:
(a) to

Question 8.
Deva has promised to come …………………… us for the picture.
(a) for
(b) along
(c) with
Answer:
(c) with

Question 9.
People are attracted more …………………… Diana’s kindness than her riches.
(a) from
(b) towards
(c) of
(b) towards

Question 10.
He walked …………………… with him in the forest for another 15 km.
(a) along
(b) towards
(c) on
Answer:
(a) along

Question 11.
She was carried away …………………… his promises.
(a) by
(b) during
(c) of
Answer:
(a) by

Question 12.
He saw the train moving …………………… the lady with a cell phone on the track.
(a) for
(b) beneath
(c) towards
Answer:
(c) towards

Question 13.
My boss was quite satisfied …………………… the outcome of the new executive’s work.
(a) in
(b) with
(c) of
Answer:
(b) with

Question 14.
She laughed till the tears ran …………………… her cheeks.
(a) down
(b) with
(c) on
Answer:
(a) down

Question 15.
He tried to complete the project …………………… all his resources.
(a) for
(b) in
(c) with
Answer:
(c) with

Question 16.
Ram was a thin, tall and handsome bachelor …………………… a Roman nose.
(a) far
(b) with
(c) of
Answer:
(b) with

Question 17.
They found the missing wallet …………………… the bench in the park.
(a) under
(b) for
(c) down
Answer:
(a) under

Question 18.
My friend has a great sense …………………… humour.
(a) of
(b) on
(c) with
Answer:
(a) of

Question 19.
Many people travel to Kerala to work …………………… small companies.
(a) in
(b) under
(c) on
Answer:
(a) in

Question 20.
Ragu leaves for work …………………… seven in the morning.
(a) beneath
(b) at
(c) from
Answer:
(b) at

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of 11th English to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Grammar Prepositions Questions and Answers in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

Students can find the most related topics which helps them to analyse the concepts if they practice according to the chapter-wise page. It is necessary for the students to practice more Questions and Answers for Tamilnadu State Board Solutions of 11th Commerce are given in the pdf format in chapter 8 Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) Questions and Answers so that students can prepare in both online and offline modes. So, Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, to score good marks.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Solutions Chapter 8 Multi-National Corporations (MNCs)

Get the Questions and Answers, in Tamilnadu State Board 11th Commerce Solutions for Chapter 8 Multi-National Corporations (MNCs). Learn the concepts of 11th Commerce Chapter-Wise by referring to the Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for Chapter 8 Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) Questions and Answers. Hence we suggest the students to Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf to enhance your knowledge.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1.
A Multinational Corporation can be defined as a firm which ……………..
(a) Is beyond the control of any government
(b) Is one of the top 200 firms in the world
(c) Owns companies in more than one country
(d) All the above
Answer:
(c) Owns companies in more than one country

Question 2.
Centralised control in MNC’s implies control exercised by ……………..
(a) Branches
(b) Subsidiaries
(c) Headquarters
(d) Parliament
Answer:
(c) Headquarters

Question 3.
Enterprises operating in several countries but managed from one country is termed as ……………..
(a) Government company
(b) Multinational Company
(c) Private company
(d) Joint Venture
Answer:
(b) Multinational Company

Question 4.
Dispersal of decision making power to branches/affiliates/subsidiaries by head office represents ……………..
(a) Centralisation
(b) Decentralisation
(c) Power
(d) Integration
Answer:
(b) Decentralisation

Question 5.
Coca – Cola company is an example of ……………..
(a) MNC
(b) Government company
(c) Joint Venture
(d) Public company
Answer:

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Define Multinational Company.
Answer:
“A multinational corporation owns and manages business in two or more countries.” – Neil H. Jacoby

Question 2.
Write any two advantages of MNC.
Answer:
1. Low Cost Labour : MNC set up their facilities in low cost countries and produce goods/ services at lower cost.

2. Quality Products : The resource, experience and expertise of MNCs in the sphere of research and development enables the host country to establish its research and development system which helps it in producing quality goods and services at least possible cost.

Question 3.
Give two examples of MNC.
Answer:

1. Coca – Cola Corporation
2. Unilever

Question 4.
Name the type of business enterprise which operates in more than one country.
Answer:
A multinational corporation is known by various names such as: global enterprise, international enterprise, world enterprise, transnational corporation etc.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the advantages of MNC’s?
Answer:
1. Low Cost Labour:
MNC set up their facilities in low cost countries and produce goods/ service at lower cost. It gains cost advantage and sells its products and services of good quality at low cost.

2. Quality Products:
The resource, experience and expertise of MNCs in the sphere of research and development enables the host country to establish its research and development system which helps it in producing quality goods and services at least possible cost.

3. Proper Use of Idle Resources:
Because of their advanced technical knowledge, MNCs are in a position to properly utilise idle physical and human resources of the host country. This results in an increase in the National Income of the host country.

4. Improvement in Balance of Payment Position:
MNCs help the host countries to increase their exports. As such, they help the host country to improve upon its Balance of Payment position.

5. Technical Development:
MNCs carry the advantages of technical development to host countries. In fact, MNCs are a vehicle for transference of technical development from one country to another. Because of MNCs poor host countries also begin to develop technically.

Question 2.
What are the disadvantages of MNC’s?
Answer:
1. Danger for Domestic Industries : MNCs, because of their vast economic power, pose a danger to domestic industries; which are still in the process of development. Domestic industries cannot face challenges posed by MNCs.

2. Transfer of Outdated Technology : Where MNCs transfer outdated technology to host nation, it serves no purpose.

3. No Benefit to Poor People : MNCs produce only those things, which are used by the rich. Therefore, poor people of host countries do not get, generally, any benefit, out of MNCs.

4. Danger to Independence : Initially MNCs help the Government of the host country, in a number of ways and then gradually start interfering in the political affairs of the host country.

5. Deprivation of Job Opportunity of Local People: MNCs may not generate job opportunities to the people of home country.

Case Study

Public enterprises are established to achieve the goal of economic and social development of the country. They are managed and controlled by Central or State Governments through ministers or government officials. Many times their poor performance i influences the policy formulation and running of the enterprise into loss. Even the big business houses use their influence and get the policies formulated in their favour. State the role of ministers or government to frame the policies for the success of public enterprises.
Answer:
Role of Ministers or governments to frame the policies for the success of public enterprises.

1. The ministers or governments encourage to start multinational companies.
2. It is easy to form in our country.
3. The economic policy is favorable to the multi – nation corporations.
4. The national income will increase by starting MNCs in India.
5. At low cost the products to be produced and sold to people with minimum range of profits.
6. Tax relaxation can be permitted because the Government allowed to start business.
7. Tax revenue can be increased to the Government.
8. New technologies can be imported from developed countries.
9. Culture can be improved among the people.
10. Communication may be developed.

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Students who are interested in learning of 11th English Grammar Modals Questions and Answers can use Tamilnadu State Board Solutions of 11th English Chapter Wise Pdf. First check in which chapter you are lagging and then Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers Summary, Activity, Notes Chapter Wise. Students can build self confidence by solving the solutions with the help of Tamilnadu State Board English Solutions. English is the scoring subject if you improve your grammar skills. Because most of the students will lose marks by Grammar grammar mistakes. So, we suggest you to Download Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Solutions according to the chapters.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Modals

Check out the topics covered in Grammar Modals Questions and Answers before you start your preparation. Improve your grammar skills with the help of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf links. The solutions for Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Textbook are prepared by the English experts. So, if you follow Tamilnadu State Board Solutions 11th English Textbook Solutions you can cover all the topics in Grammar Modals Questons and Answers. This helps to improve your communication skills.

General Characteristics Of Modals
1. Modals are never used alone. A Principal verb is either present or implied;
as—
I can sing. He will help you.

2. Modals do not change according to the number or person of the subject;
as—
I can. We can. You can. He can. They can. etc.
I may. We may. You may. He may. They may. etc.

3. Modals have no Infinitive, Present Participle or Past Participle forms.

4. Modals cannot be used in all the tenses. When a modal does not fall in this pattern, it works as a Principal Verb; as—
God willed so.
He needs a pen.
She dared to go into the dark forest.
(Here will, need and dare are used as main verbs)

Relationship of Modals with Tenses
(i) May, can, shall and will are in present forms while might, could, should and would are their past forms.

The two forms express different meanings, but usually no difference of time, e.g. the difference between may and might is often that of degree of probability,

as-
She may come today. {possibility/likely to happen)
She might come today. (remote possibility/less likely)

(ii) However, if the verb in the main clause is in the past tense, the forms might, could, should and would serve as regular past tenses;

as—
1. He said, “I can help you.”
He said that he could help her.
2. You said, “She will come back soon.”
You said that she would come back soon.
3. Sheetal said, “May I use this pen, madam?”
Sheetal asked her teacher if she might use that pen.

(III) When we want to express the past time in verb phrases involving modals, we use the Present Perfect Tense of the Principal Verb;
as –
She must have reached home by now.
You ought to have told me all the facts.

Quasi Modals
Quasi modals are also called semi-modals. There are four quasi modals: ‘used to’, ‘need to’, ‘dare to’ and ‘ought to’.

Question 1.
Supply suitable modal/quasi-modal verb for the following sentences.
(a) _________ you direct me to the collector office?
(b) _________ We respect our elders.
(c) You _________ come tomorrow if you are unable to finish the task today.
(d) I _________ visit the gym regularly during holidays.
(e) We _________ get a hike in our salary this month.
Answer:
(a) Can
(b) should
(c) should
(d) used to
(c) would

Question 2.
Supply suitable modal/quasi-modal verb for the following sentences
(a) One _________ obey the traffic rules.
(b) _________ I ask you a favour, Sir?
(c) She _________ sing and dance.
(d) Kapil Dev _________ play football initially.
(c) You _________ wait as it is getting dark now.
Answer:
(a) must
(b) Can
(c) can
(d) used to
(c) need not

Question 3.
Supply suitable modal/quasi-modal verb for the following sentences:
(a) _________ God bless you
(b) I wish you _________ disclose the truth to me.
(c) You _________ not write on the wall.
(d) She _________ play tennis during her college days.
(c) Rich men _________ help the poor.
Answer:
(a) May
(b) could
(c) should
(d) used to
(c) must

Question 4.
Supply suitable modal/quasi-modal verb for the following sentences.
(a) During our trip to Gujarat, we _________ visit Sabarmati Ashram.
(b) Blue Whale game promoters _________ be severely punished.
(c) You _________ respect your parents and take care of them in their old age.
(d) They _________ speak against Dinakaran as he has lot of influence.
(c) You _________ not know every word to understand the story.
Answer:
(a) shall
(b) must
(c) ought to
(d) dare not
(c) need

Question 5.
Supply suitable modal/quasi-modal verb for the following sentences
(a) You _________ not apologise for a flimsy mistake.
(b) Ramu is so timid that he _________ not discuss major issues with his wife.
(c) You _________ donate your old books to needy students.
(d) Thou _________ not steal.
(c) My _________ brother be happy to see you.
Answer:
(a) need
(b) dare
(c) should
(d) shall
(c) will

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of 11th English to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Grammar Modals Questions and Answers in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

Students can find the most related topics which helps them to analyse the concepts if they practice according to the chapter-wise page. It is necessary for the students to practice more Questions and Answers for Tamilnadu State Board Solutions of 11th Commerce are given in the pdf format in chapter 7 Cooperative Organisation Questions and Answers so that students can prepare in both online and offline modes. So, Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, to score good marks.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Solutions Chapter 7 Cooperative Organisation

Get the Questions and Answers, in Tamilnadu State Board 11th Commerce Solutions for Chapter 7 Cooperative Organisation. Learn the concepts of 11th Commerce Chapter-Wise by referring to the Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for Chapter 7 Cooperative Organisation Questions and Answers. Hence we suggest the students to Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf to enhance your knowledge.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Cooperative Organisation Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1.
Membership in a cooperative organization is ………………….
(a) Not open to all
(b) Selective
(c) Open to all
(d) None of them
Answer:
(c) Open to all

Question 2.
Cooperative fails because of ………………….
(a) Unlimited membership
(b) Cash trading
(c) Mismanagement
(d) Loss – making
Answer:
(c) Mismanagement

Question 3.
All cooperatives are established with …………………
(a) Philanthropic motive
(b) Service motive
(c) Profit motive
(d) Reform motive
Answer:
(b) Service motive

Question 4.
Consumers Co – operation was first successful in …………………
(a) England
(b) USA
(c) Swiss
(d) India
Answer:
(a) England

Question 5.
Rochdale society of equitable pioneers was started by …………………..
(a) Robert Owen
(b) HC Calvert
(c) Talmaki
(d) Lambert
Answer:
(a) Robert Owen

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by cooperative organization?
Answer:
A cooperative is a private business organization that is owned and controlled by the people who use its products, supplies or services.

Question 2.
Define cooperatives.
Answer:
Co – operation is a form of organization in which persons voluntarily associate together as human beings on the basis of equality for the promotion of the economic interests of themselves.

Question 3.
What is Credit cooperatives?
Answer:
Cooperative credit societies are societies formed for providing short – term financial help to their members. Agriculturists, artisans, industrial workers, salaried employees, etc., form these credit societies.

Question 4.
Is low taxes possible in Cooperative society?
Answer:
Yes, Low taxes are possible in cooperative society because it is a non-profit enterprise, and government provides various exemptions and tax concessions.

Question 5.
Who are Rochadale Pioneers?
Answer:
At first, the cooperative movement was started by Robert Owen, in the year 1844. He formed a consumer’s cooperative society in England with 28 workers as members, called “Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers”.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the disadvantages of Cooperatives? (Any 3)
Answer:
1. Limited funds:
Co – operative societies have limited membership and are promoted by the weaker sections. The membership fees collected is low. Therefore the funds available with the co-operatives are limited.

2. Over reliance on Government funds:
Co – operative societies are not able to raise their own resources. Their sources of financing are limited and they depend on government funds.

3. Imposed by Government:
In the Western countries, co – operative societies were voluntarily started by the weaker sections. The objective is to improve their economic status and protect themselves from exploitation by businessmen. But in India, the co – operative movement was initiated and established by the Government.

Question 2.
Write a note on Housing cooperatives.
Answer:
The cooperative housing societies are meant to provide residential accommodation to their members on ownership basis or on rent. People who intend to build houses of their own join together and form housing societies. These societies advance loans to members, repayable over a period of 15 to 20 years.

Question 3.
What is meant by Producers cooperative society?
Answer:
Producer cooperatives are created by producers and owned and operated by producers. Producers can decide to work together or as separate entities to help increase marketing possibilities and production efficiency. They are organized to process, market, and distribute their own products. This helps lessen costs and strains in each area with a mutual benefit to each producer.

Question 4.
Write a note on cooperative forming societies.
Answer:
When various farmers in a village pool their land together and agree to treat the pooled piece of land as one big farm for the purpose of cultivation, purchase the necessary inputs for the cultivation, and market the crops jointly, they are assumed to have formed a cooperative farming society. Such a society, for its proper working elects its office bearers on the basis of one member – one – vote.

Question 5.
Write a note on industrial cooperatives.
Answer:
An industrial cooperative is organised by small scale producers. Cooperative undertakings are a useful means of developing small scale and cottage industries. Industrial cooperatives are very useful in obtaining raw materials, in improving the quality of products.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the principles of cooperatives? (Any 5)
Answer:
1. Voluntary and Open Membership:
Cooperatives are voluntary organisations, open to all people able to use its services and willing to accept the responsibilities of membership, without gender, social, racial, political or religious discrimination.

2. Democratic Member Control:
Cooperatives are democratic organisations controlled by their members those who buy the goods or use the services of the cooperative who actively participate in setting policies and making decisions.

3. Member’s Economic Participation:
Members contribute equally to and democratically control, the capital of the cooperative. This benefits members in proportion to the business they conduct with the cooperative rather than on the capital invested.

4. Autonomy and Independence:
Cooperatives are autonomous, self – help organisations controlled by their members. If the co – operative enters into agreements with other organisations or raises capital from external sources, it is done so based on terms that ensure democratic control by the members and maintains the cooperative’s autonomy.

5. Education, Training, and Information:
Cooperatives provide education and training for members, elected representatives, managers and employees so they can contribute effectively to the development of their cooperative. Members also inform the general public about the nature and benefits of cooperatives.

Question 2.
What are the advantages of cooperative society?
Answer:
1. Voluntary organisation:
The membership of a cooperative society is open to all. Any person with common interest can become a member. The membership fee is kept low so that everyone would be able to join and benefit from cooperative societies.

2. Easy formation:
Cooperatives can be formed much easily when compared to a company. Any 10 members who have attained majority can join together for forming a cooperative society by observing simple legal formalities.

3. Democracy:
A co – operative society is run on the principle of ‘one man one vote‘. It implies that all members have equal rights in managing the affairs of the enterprises.

4. Equal distribution of surplus:
The surplus generated by the cooperative societies is distributed in an equitable manner among members. Therefore all the members of the cooperative society are benefited.

5. Limited liability:
The liability of the members in a cooperative society is limited to the extent of their capital contribution. They cannot be personally held liable for the debts of the society.

Question 3.
What are the types of Cooperative society?
Answer:
1. Consumers Cooperative:
Consumer cooperatives are organized by consumers, that want to achieve better prices or quality in the goods or services they purchase. In contrast to traditional retail stores or service providers, a consumer cooperative exists to deliver goods or services rather than to maximize profit from selling those goods or services.

2. Producers Cooperative:
Producer cooperatives are created by producers and owned & operated by producers. Producers can decide to work together or as separate entities to help increase marketing possibilities and production efficiency.

3. Marketing Cooperative:
Cooperative marketing societies are associations of small producers formed for the purpose of marketing their produce. The marketing cooperatives perform certain marketing functions such as grading, warehousing, advertising etc.

4. Credit Cooperative:
Cooperative credit societies are societies formed for providing short-term financial help to their members. Agriculturists, artisans, industrial workers, salaried employees, etc., form these credit societies.

5. Housing Cooperative:
These cooperative housing societies are meant to provide residential accommodation to their members on ownership basis or on rent. People who intend to build houses of their own join together and form housing societies. These societies advance loans to members, repayable over a period of 15 to 20 years.

Question 4.
Write a note on Consumer cooperative society.
Answer:
Consumer cooperatives are organized by consumers that want to achieve better prices or quality in the goods or services they purchase. In contrast to traditional retail stores or service providers, a consumer cooperative exists to deliver goods or services rather than to maximize profits from selling those goods or services. Nationally, the most widely used co – operative form is the credit union, with some 90 million members. Credit union assets have grown a hundred – fold in three decades. Credit unions are essentially cooperatives of people that use banking services. Students’ cooperative stores, Cooperative provision stores, Supermarkets set up on cooperative societies of India are examples of this type.

Question 5.
Whether misuse of funds is possible in co – operatives.
Answer:
Yes, misuse of funds is possible in co-operatives. If the members of the managing comitte are corrupt, they can swindle the funds of the cooperative society. Many cooperative societies have been faced financial problems and closed down because of corruption and misuse of funds.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Cooperative Organisation Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
At first, the cooperative movement was started by Robert Owen, in the year………………
(a) 1935
(b) 1932
(c) 1844
(d) 1884
Answer:
(c) 1844

Question 2.
………………….. of the profit can be kept in reserve.
(a) one – fourth
(b) one – third
(c) one – sixth
(d) two – third
Answer:
(a) one – fourth

Question 3.
The minimum number of members to start a cooperative is …………………
(a) 10
(b) 15
(c) 20
(d) 25
Answer:
(a) 10

Case Study

Chandru, a trade union activist, lives in a Workers’ colony in the city of Chennai. He is a devoted leader for the cause of workers’ welfare. For the last many months he has been observing that the local vendors of commodities of daily use have been making huge profits by charging high process from workers. He cannot tolerate all this and thinks of the idea of opening a consumers cooperative store in the colony. He calls a few elderly workers of the locality, tells them about their exploitation by merchants and discusses with them all his plans to solve the problem. Merchants and discusses with them all his plans to solve the problem. While some of the workers welcome the scheme. Others express their genuine doubts about its feasibility and success. Take the roles of these workers and list out the possible arguments among them.
Answer:
To start a cooperative store, minimum 25 members to be needed. He decides to know the problem to start a cooperative society.

1. Voluntary membership : Any person can be the member of the society and can leave it any time.
2. Capital formation : The local membership formed, they have to collect cash in the name , of capital from the members.
3. Collect in formation from where the raw materials to be purchased.
4. How to sell the purchased goods in the low profit to all members.
5. To check what are the services to be needed for the local area people.

Solution:

• The capital investment must be collected from all members.
• To select the work to hand over the correct employee.
• Except a particular percentage of profit, must be used to public welfare.
• Water facilities, electricity services, drainage services to be given by the earned profits.

Share this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 11th Commerce Chapter 7 Cooperative Organisation Questions and Answers with your friends to help them to overcome the issues in exams. Keep visiting this site Tamilnadu State Board Solutions frequently to get the latest information on different subjects. Clarify your doubts by posting the comments and get the answers in an easy manner.

Students can find the most related topics which helps them to analyse the concepts if they practice according to the chapter-wise page. It is necessary for the students to practice more Questions and Answers for Tamilnadu State Board Solutions of 11th Commerce are given in the pdf format in chapter 6 Joint Stock Company Questions and Answers so that students can prepare in both online and offline modes. So, Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, to score good marks.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Solutions Chapter 6 Joint Stock Company

Get the Questions and Answers, in Tamilnadu State Board 11th Commerce Solutions for Chapter 6 Joint Stock Company. Learn the concepts of 11th Commerce Chapter-Wise by referring to the Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for Chapter 6 Joint Stock Company Questions and Answers. Hence we suggest the students to Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf to enhance your knowledge.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Joint Stock Company Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1.
The relationship between outsiders and the company is defined in …………………..
(a) Prospectus
(b) Articles of Association
(c) Memorandum of Association
(d) Certificate of Incorporation
Answer:
(a) Prospectus

Question 2.
Table A of the Companies Act is a …………………..
(a) Model minutes book
(b) Model form of Balance Sheet
(c) Model of AOA
(d) Model of MOA
Answer:
(c) Model of AOA

Question 3.
Which of the’following is created by a Special Act of Parliament or in State Assemblies?
(a) Chartered company
(b) Foreign company
(c) Government company
(d) Statutory company
Answer:
(d) Statutory company

Question 4.
The Board of directors of a company is elected by
(a) Creditors
(b) Debtors
(c) Debenture holders
(d) Share holders (members)
Answer:
(d) Share holders (members)

Question 5.
Companies established as a result of a charter granted by the King or Queen of a country is called
(a) Chartered companies
(b) Statutory companies
(c) Registered companies
(d) Foreign companies
Answer:
(a) Chartered companies

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the different types of companies?
Answer:

1. Incorporation
2. Membership
3. Member liability
4. Control
5. Nationality

Question 2.
Define a Company.
Answer:
“A company is an artificial person created by law having a separate entity with a perpetual succession and a common seal.” – L.H. Haney.

Question 3.
What is meant by Limited liability?
Answer:
The liability of a shareholder is limited. The risk of loss is limited to the unpaid amount on the face value of shares held.

Question 4.
Explain any two characteristics of a company.
Answer:
1. Separate Legal Entity:
Under Incorporation a company becomes a separate legal entity as compared to its members. The company is distinct and different from its members.

2. Limited Liability:
The liability of the members of the company is limited to contribution to the assets of the company upto the face value of shares held by him. A member is liable to pay only the uncalled money due on shares held by him.

Question 5.
What is meant by Chartered Company?
Answer:
Chartered companies are established by the King or Queen of a country. Powers and privilege of chartered company are specified in the charter. Power to cancel the charter is vested with King/Queen.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the advantages of Companies? (Any 3)
Answer:
1. Large Capital:
A company can secure large capital compared to a sole trader or partnership. Large amount of capital is necessary for conducting business on a large scale.

2. Limited Liability:
The liability of a shareholder is limited. The risk of loss is limited to the unpaid amount on the face value of shares held. In the case of a company limited by shares, the liability of a shareholder is restricted to the unpaid amount on the shares held by him.

3. Transferability of Shares:
Transaction of Shares between two individuals is easy. So there is liquidity of investment. Any shareholder can easily convert his shares into money by selling his shares.

Question 2.
What is meant by Private Company?
Answer:
Private limited company is a type of company which is formed with minimum two shareholders and two directors, the minimum requirement with respect to authorised or paid up capital of Rs. 1,00,000 has been omitted by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2015 w.e.f. 29^th of May, 2015.

Another crucial condition of a private limited company is that it by its articles of association restricts the right to transfer its shares and also prohibits any invitation to the public to subscribe for any securities of the company.

Question 3.
What is meant by Government Company?
Answer:
A public enterprise incorporated under the Indian Companies Act, 1956 is called a Government company. These companies are owned and managed by the central or the state government.

Section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956 defines “Government Companies” as any company in which not less than 51% of the paid – up share capital is held by the Central Government or any State Government or governments or partly by the Central Government and partly by one or more State Governments. A subsidiary of a Government company shall also be treated as a Government company.

Question 4.
What is meant by Foreign Company?
A Foreign company means a company which is incorporated in a country outside India under the law of that country. After the establishment of business in India, the following documents must be filed with the Registrar of Companies within 30 days from the date of establishment:

1. A certified copy of the charter or statutes under which the company is incorporated, or the memorandum and articles of the company translated into English.
2. The full address of the registered office of the company.
3. A list of directors and secretary of the company.
4. The name and address of any person resident of India who is authorised to accept, on behalf of the company, service of legal process and any notice served on the company.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the contents of Memorandum of Association?
1. Name Clause:
The name clause requires you to state the legal and recognized name of the company. You are allowed to register a company name only if it does not bear any similarities with the name of an existing company.

2. Situation Clause:.
The registered office clause requires you to show the physical location of the registered office of the company. You are required to keep all the company registers in this office in addition to using the office in handling all the outgoing and incoming communication correspondence.

3. Objective Clause:
The objective clause requires you to summarize the main objectives for establishing the company with reference to the requirements for shareholding and use of financial resources. You also need to state ancillary objectives; that is, those objectives that are required to facilitate the achievement of the main objectives.

4. Liability Clause:
The liability clause requires you to state the extent to which shareholders of the company are liable to the debt obligations of the company in the event of the company dissolving. You should show that shareholders are liable only their shareholding and/or to their commitment to contribute to the dissolution costs upon liquidation of a company limited by guarantee.

5. Capital Clause:
The capital clause requires you to state the company’s authorized share capital, the different categories of shares and the nominal value (the minimum value per share) of the shares. You are also required to list the company’s assets under this clause.

6. Association Clause:
The association clause confirms that shareholders bound by the MOA are willingly associating and forming a company. You require seven members to sign an MOA for a public company and riot less than two people for a MOA of a private company. You must conduct the signing in the presence of witness who must also append his signature.

Question 2.
What are the contents of Articles of Association?
Answer:
Contents of Articles of Association (AOA):

1. Amount of shares, capital, value and type of shares.
2. Rights of each class of shareholders regarding voting, dividend, return of capital.
3. Rules regarding issue of shares and debentures.
4. Procedures as well as regulations in respect of making calls on shares.
5. Manner of transfer of shares.
6. Declaration of dividends.
7. Borrowing powers of the company.
8. Rules regarding the appointment, remuneration, removal of directors.
9. Procedure for conducting proxy, quorum, meetings etc.,
10. Procedures concerning keeping of books and audits.
11. Seal of the company.
12. Procedures regarding the winding up of the company.

Question 3.
What is meant by Prospectus?
Answer:
According to Section 2(36) of the Companies Act, any document inviting the public to buy its shares or debentures comes under the definition of prospectus. It also applies to advertisements inviting deposits from the public. Aprospectus is “the only window through which a prospective investor can look into the soundness of a company’s venture”. Hence it must specify at least the following matters as per Schedule II:

1. The prospectus contains the main objectives of the company, the name and addresses of the signatories of the Memorandum of Association and the number of shares held by them.
2. The name, addresses and occupation of directors and managing directors.
3. The number and classes of shares and debentures issued.
4. The qualification share of directors and tfye interest of directors for the promotion of company.
5. The number, description and the document of shares or debentures which within the two preceding years have been agreed to be issued other than cash.

Question 4.
What is meant by Multi National Company?
Answer:
A Multi National Company (MNC) is a huge industrial organisation which:

1. Operates in more than one country.
2. Carries out production, marketing and research activities on international Scale in those countries.
3. Seeks to maximise profits world over.
   Examples: Micro Soft Corporation, Nokia Corporation, Nestle, Coca – Cola, International Business Machine, Pepsico, Sony Corporation.

Question 5.
What is meant by Holding and Subsidiary company?
Answer:
1. Holding Company:
As per Section 2(87) “subsidiary company” or “subsidiary”, in relation to any other company (that is to say the holding company), means a company in which the holding company

• Controls the composition of the Board of Directors; or
• Exercises or controls more than one-half of the total share capital either at its own or together with one or more of its subsidiary companies:

Provided that such class or classes of holding companies as may be prescribed shall not have layers of subsidiaries beyond such numbers as may be prescribed.

2. Subsidiary Company:
“Subsidiary company” or “Subsidiary”, in relation to any other company (that is to say the holding company), means a company in which the holding company:

• Controls the composition of the Board of Directors; or
• Exercises or controls more than one-half of the total share capital either at its own or together with one or more of its subsidiary companies:

Examples:
H Ltd., holds more than 50% of the equity share capital of S Ltd. Now H Ltd., is the holding company of S Ltd., and S Ltd., is the subsidiary of H Ltd.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Hindu Undivided Family and Partnership Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
The maximum number of members in a private limited company is ……………..
(a) 25
(b) 50
(c) 100
(d) 200
Answer:
(d) 200

Question 2.
…………….. is considered as an artificial person.
(a) Sole trader
(b) Joint Hindu family business
(c) Joint stock company
(d) Co – operative society
Answer:
(c) Joint stock company

Question 3.
A new class of company is of “One Person Company” and it is included in …………….. Act.
(a) 1956
(b) 1952
(c) 2013
(d) 2015
Answer:
(c) 2013

Question 4.
One share – one vote principle is followed in ……………..
(a) Company
(b) Partnership
(c) Co – operative
(d) Sole trading concern
Answer:
(a) Company

Question 5.
…………….. companies are established by a Special Act made in Parliament/State Assembly.
(a) Chartered
(b) Statutory
(c) Private
(d) Unlimited
Answer:
(b) Statutory

Question 6.
East India Company is an example of …………….. companies.
(a) Chartered
(b) Statutory
(c) Public
(d) Private
Answer:
(a) Chartered

Question 7.
The share capital of the government company must not be less than ……………..
(a) 75%
(b) 60%
(c) 95%
(d) 51%
Answer:
(d) 51%

Question 8.
…………….. company operates in more than one country.
(a) Multinational
(b) Foreign
(c) Domestic
(d) Private
Answer:
(a) Multinational

Question 9.
…………….. is a document containing rules and regulations for the internal management of a company.
(a) Table A
(b) Memorandum
(c) Prospectus
(d) Statutory declaration
Answer:
(a) Table A

Question 10.
…………….. is “the only window through which a prospective investor can look into the soundness of a company’s venture”.
(a) Prospectus
(b) Memorandum
(c) Articles
(d) Minutes
Answer:
(a) Prospectus

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What is Perpetual succession?
Answer:
A company does not cease to exist unless it is specifically wound up or the task for which it was formed has been completed. Membership of a company may keep on changing from time to time but that does not affect life of the company.

Question 2.
What is Common seal?
Answer:
A company is an artificial person and does not have a physical presence. Thus, it acts through its Board of Directors for carrying out its activities and entering into various agreements. Such contracts must be under the seal of the company. The common seal is the official signature of the company.

Question 3.
What is Domestic company?
Answer:
A company which cannot be termed as foreign company under the provision of the Companies Act should be regarded as a domestic company.

Question 4.
What is Situation clause?
Answer:
The registered office clause requires you to show the physical location of the registered office of the company. You are required to keep, all the company registers in this office in addition to using the office in handling all the outgoing and incoming communication correspondence.

Question 5.
What is Objective clause?
Answer:
The objective clause requires you to summarize the main objectives for establishing the company with reference to the requirements for shareholding and use of financial resources. You also need to state ancillary objectives; that is, those objectives that are required to facilitate the achievement of the main objectives.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by Joint and Several Liability?
Answer:
Every partner is jointly and severally liable for all acts of the firm. It means that in case the assets are inadequate for meeting the claims of creditors, even their personal properties should be made available. The creditors can recover their claims from all the partners.

Question 2.
What do you mean by Company limited by Guarantee?
Answer:
A company limited by guarantee is a company in which the liability of its members is limited by its memorandum to such an amount as the members may respectively undertake to contribute to the assets of the company in the event of its being wound up. Such companies are generally formed for the promotion of Commerce, Art, Science, Religion, Charity or any other useful object. The companies limited by guarantee may be either private companies or public companies.

Question 3.
What do you mean by Holding Companies?
Answer:
As per Section 2(87) “subsidiary company” or “subsidiary”, in relation to any other company (that is to say the holding company), means a company in which the holding company –

1. Controls the composition of the Board of Directors; or
2. Exercises or controls more than one – half of the total share capital either at its own or together with one or more of its subsidiary companies.

Case Study

Case 1:
Ashok is an industrial designer by training. He had the opportunity to learn the technology of fibre glass manufacture while he was in Germany for his training. He plans to set up a plant for the manufacture of fibre glass in India and is able to interest some financiers and technologists. It is estimated that the initial investment in the plant will be of the order of ₹ 50 lakhs. Ashok and others decide to set up a company for the purpose. Should they set up a public limited company for the purpose? If so, how should they go about it? If not, what alternative would you suggest? What formalities will be required of Ashok and his associates if they choose the alternative form of organization suggested by you?
Answer:
1. If he and his friends selected to start public limited company. They can start with more formalities.

• Issue of prospectus
• Huge capital
• Shares can be issued and substituted in huge level of capital (i.e. Authorized capital)
• Minimum 7 members to start a public company.
• Maximum number of limit
• The public company does not restrict the right to transfer its share

2. If he decides to start private limited company, my suggestions are as follows

• Investment arranged privately with his friends
• He can collect capital with limited capital
• Private company cannot issue prospectus
• One person company also can start, but capital of initial investment can be arranged privately.

Case 2:
Collect any 10 items of daily use (Packed items) and list the names of the companies manufacturing those items. Classify those companies as public and private limited companies. Which of them are Multinational Companies?

Edible items:

1. Milk – AAVINFSSAT, Chennai – 98.
2. Tea powder – Brook Bond – Red Label
   Hindustan Unilever Ltd., (HUL)
   Mumbai – 400099
3. Bread – Modem Foods Enterprises Private Ltd.
   Haryana, India – 122002
4. Biscuit – Britannia Industries Ltd., Chennai.

Other uses:

1. Toothpaste – Anchor Health & Beauty Care Private Ltd.,
2. Tooth Brush – Uttarkhand – 249404
3. Soap – Hamam
   Hindustan Unilever Limited
   Himachal Pradesh – 174103
4. Detergent powder – Ariel – The Procter & Gamble
   Home Products Private Ltd.,
   Mumbai – 400099
5. Shampoo – Oriflame,
   Oriflame India Private Ltd.,
   New Delhi – 110076
6. Hand wash – Cosmic Product Private Ltd.,
   Palghar (E) – 401404.

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Determiners

Check out the topics covered in Grammar Determiners Questions and Answers before you start your preparation. Improve your grammar skills with the help of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf links. The solutions for Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Textbook are prepared by the English experts. So, if you follow Tamilnadu State Board Solutions 11th English Textbook Solutions you can cover all the topics in Grammar Determiners Questons and Answers. This helps to improve your communication skills.

Study the sentences given below:
I saw a juggler yesterday.
My uncle is an officer in the army.
This car is very comfortable.
Some pictures are really fine.
Do you have any complaints against me?
She is blind of one eye.

In the above sentences, h, an, the, this, my, some, any and one are words which mark the subsequent arrival of a noun. Each of them modifies the noun which follows it. Such words are called Determiners or Fixing words as they fix the nouns that follow them.

Here is a tentative list of the most frequently used Determiners:

(a) a, an, the – (Article Determiners)
(b) this, that, these, those – (Demonstrative Determiners)
(c) my, our, your, his, her, its, their, one’s – (Possessive Determiners)
(d) one, two, three, etc. – (Definite Numerical Determiners)
(e) some, any, no; all, both; much, many; few, less, several, little – (Indefinite Numeral Determiners)
(f) each, every, either, neither – (Distributive Numeral Determiners)

Use Of Some Common Determiners

• A hen laid an egg yesterday.
• Bring me the purse I gave you.
• This car is very beautiful.
• Aditi lives in that house.
• These books are yours.
• Get me those mangoes please.
• My mother is a teacher.
• Your brother is calling you.
• Our school has fifty rooms.
• Their house is double-storeyed.
• Five boys are sitting on that bench.
• He stays on the first floor.
• There isn’t any sugar in the pot.
• Will you have some tea?
• She gave me allthe apples.
• Both the friends refused to part.
• He has not solved many sums.
• There are few buses running.
• He had little money.
• I play hockey every day.
• Either book will do.
• Neither statement is true.

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