Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Vocabulary Antonyms

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In the Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Guide for textbook solutions, subject experts covered all types of questions and answers related to the topics, quick notes, summary, solved & unsolved exercises, etc. If you are planning to prepare Chapter via textbook, then you’re suggested to go with this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers PDF for better understanding and preparation.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Vocabulary Antonyms

English Subject experts who are having max years of experience prepared this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 10th English Vocabulary Antonyms Questions and Answers. They have explained all the topics covered in the board prescribed latest syllabus in a simple way to understand easily. So, students can prepare English from this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Questions and Answers PDF. Download the Tamilnadu State Board 10th English Workbook Answers PDF by accessing the below links and learn properly for the final exams to score well.

Choose the most appropriate antonym of the underlined word.
Question 1.
Technology impacts the environment, people and the society as a whole.
(a) partial (b) entire (c) unabridged (d) hollow
Answer:
(a) partial

Question 2.
They continue to grapple with the challenges of inclusion.
(a) seclusion (b) enclosure (c) addition (d) exclusion
Answer:
(d) exclusion

Question 3.
Your entire energy management can be taken care by automating.
(a) complete (b) perfect (c) partial (d) whole
Answer:
(c) partial

Question 4.
Well, anything which is a certain threshold, can be self-ordered.
(a) unsure (b) sure (c) convinced (d) ascertain
Answer:
(a) unsure

Question 5.
Your refrigerator can directly link to the e-commerce site.
(a) unswervingly (b) openly (c) indirectly (d) straightly
Answer:
(c) indirectly

Question 6.
India Meteorological Department collected data for monitoring marine pollution.
(a) distributed (b) cancelled (c) threshold (d) bridge
Answer:
(a) distributed

Question 7.
It is a great boost to women in the country.
(a) broaden (b) increase (c) knock (d) brew
Answer:
(c) knock

Question 8.
You don’t have to use any auxiliary means of repulsion.
(a) disgust (b) revolution (c) repercussions (d) attraction
Answer:
(d) attraction

Question 9.
It is about a hurricane force of wind on land.
(a) farce (b) vigour (c) weakness (d) potency
Answer:
(c) weakness

Question 10.
I wanted to make sure that I complete this journey with ultimate honesty.
(a) honourable (b) dishonesty (c) rectitude (d) scrupulousness
Answer:
(b) dishonesty

Question 11.
So my contention was to go by the rules of circumnavigation.
(a) disagreement (b) agreement (c) dispute (d) deputation
Answer:
(b) agreement

Question 12.
The ghost raised such a hullabaloo of misunderstandings.
(a) misinterpretation (b) calculations (c) silence (d) tumult
Answer:
(c) silence

Question 13.
They were the steps of a man walking rapidly.
(a) forcibly (b) speedily (c) hurriedly (d) leisurely
Answer:
(d) leisurely

Question 14.
The cops were reluctant to leave.
(a) indisposed (b) settle (c) keen (d) lazy
Answer:
(c) keen

Question 15.
The police were on hand in a commendably short time.
(a) laudably (b) outrageously (c) committedly (d) admirably
Answer:
(b) outrageously

Question 16.
He believed that General Meade’s men, were beginning to retreat.
(a) rejoice (b) advance (c) evacuation (d) withdrawal
Answer:
(b) advance

Question 17.
The steps had ceased.
(a) stopped (b) seized (c) begun (d) terminated
Answer:
(c) begun

Question 18.
Then, as I hurried by as fast as I could go.
(a) hassled (b) released (c) relaxed (d) warmed
Answer:
(c) relaxed

Question 19.
The oppressors dominated over the language and culture of the Germans.
(a) liberated (b) released (c) conquered (d) controlled
Answer:
(a) liberated

Question 20.
The Prussians defeated the French.
(a) aimed (b) brought (c) triumphed (d) drained
Answer:
(c) triumphed

Question 21.
He has been sinking.
(a) drowning (b) foaling (c) running (d) sleeping
Answer:
(b) foaling

Question 22.
The man was startled.
(a) reassured (b) amused (c) alarmed (ð) annoyed
Answer:
(a) reassured

Question 23.
He was a frail man.
(a) weak (b) feeble (c) strong (d) thin
Answer:
(c) strong

Question 24.
How ignorant you are!
(a) lacking in knowledge (b) well- informed (c) uninformed (d) unaware
Answer:
(b) well- informed

Question 25.
You will Persuade him to come.
(a) dissuade (b) urge (c) distract
Answer:
(a) dissuade

Question 26.
He failed to muster up courage to take that plunge.
(a) dive (b) climb (c) fall (d) plume
Answer:
(b) climb

Question 27.
He even gnawed at the dried pieces of eggshell.
(a) parched (b) dehydrated (c) fresh (d) new
Answer:
(c) fresh

Question 28.
He then trotted back and forth from one end of the ledge to the other.
(a) scurried (b) sauntered (c) tracked (d) rolled
Answer:
(b) sauntered

Question 29.
The precipice was sheer.
(a) steep (b) gradual (c) effervescence (d) recap
Answer:
(b) gradual

Question 30.
They were beckoning to him, calling shrilly.
(a) summoning (b) signaling (c) dismissing (d) requesting
Answer:
(c) dismissing

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Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 7 A Dilemma

Looking to improve English skills and gain more subject knowledge then the best resources that you can use here is Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions for Supplementary Chapter 7 A Dilemma Questions and Answers.

In the Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Guide for Chapter 7 A Dilemma textbook solutions, subject experts covered all types of questions and answers related to the topics, quick notes, summary, solved & unsolved exercises, etc. If you are planning to prepare Chapter 7 A Dilemma via textbook, then you’re suggested to go with this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers PDF for better understanding and preparation.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 7 A Dilemma

English Subject experts who are having max years of experience prepared this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 10th English Supplementary Chapter 7 A Dilemma Questions and Answers. They have explained all the topics covered in the board prescribed latest syllabus in a simple way to understand easily. So, students can prepare Chapter 7 English from this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Questions and Answers PDF. Download the Tamilnadu State Board 10th English Chapter 7 A Dilemma Workbook Solutions PDF by accessing the below links and learn properly for the final exams to score well.

A Dilemma Textual Questions

A. Read the given lines carefully and identify the character / speaker:

Question 1.
I suppose you think me queer. I will explain.
Answer:
Uncle Philip

Question 2.
Don’t come back. It won’t hasten things.
Answer:
Uncle Philip

Question 3.
He thought it simply a cruel jest.
Answer:
Tom’s father

Question 4.
He did not desire to do so.
Answer:
Professor Clinch

Question 5.
He would think it over and come back later.
Answer:
The collector

Additional Questions

Uncle Jim:

  1. He was a bachelor who cooked his own meals.
  2. I suppose you think me queer. I will explain.
  3. He hated my mother but I do not know why.
  4. He was an inventor, an able and ingenious mechanical engineer.
  5. I have been living on an annuity into which I put my fortune.
  6. Now I repent of my wickedness to you all.
  7. You think I am poor and have only my annuity.
  8. You will be profitably surprised.
  9. I have never parted with my precious stones; they will be yours.
  10. You are my sole heir.
  11. No doubt you have always had expectations.
  12. I desire that you should continue to expect.
  13. My jewels are in my safe.
  14. There is nothing else left.
  15. You will have to pay for my funeral.
  16. The rubies are valuable. They are in my safe at the trust company.
  17. Be very careful to read a letter which lies on top of it.
  18. Don’t come back. It won’t hasten things.
  19. He was a skilled workman and very ingenious.
  20. Tom, remembered the old man’s oddity and his malice.

The narrator, Silas Weir Mitchell / Tom:

  1. I was just thirty-seven when my Uncle Philip died.
  2. He never looked forward to any expenditure with more pleasure.
  3. I opened the safe and found in it nothing but an iron box.
  4. I stood appalled, the key in my hand.
  5. Was it true? Was it a lie?
  6. I thought of Susan.
  7. I saw that marriage was out of the question.
  8. I spent all my spare hours at one of the great libraries reading about dynamite.
  9. I found in my uncle’s Bible, a numbered list of the stones.
  10. He had spent all his savings on the funeral.

The Narrator’s Mom:
1. She told Tom that he need expect nothing from his father’s brother.

Professor Clinch:

  1. If your uncle had not lied, there’s nothing that would not ruin the stones.
  2. It was a silly tale and altogether incredible.

Dr. Schaff:

  1. He believed the old man’s letter.
  2. He begged Tom to give up all thought of the matter.

Government officials:
1. They were reasonably desired to collect the succession tax on my uncle’s estate.

The Collector:
1. Tom offered him the key and asked for time to get half a mile away.

B. Based on your understanding of the story, answer the following briefly.

Question 1.
What did the uncle do as soon as he bought a stone?
Answer:
He carried it in his pocket for a month, looked at it now and then and then added to the collection in his safe.

Question 2.
What did the uncle bequeath to the narrator?
Answer:
The Uncle bequeathed an iron safe that contained precious gems and a dynamite that would explode when opened.

Question 3.
What was the condition laid by the uncle to inherit his property?
Answer:
The uncle asked Tom to open the box with relief and trust to increase his expectation and desire. If he doubted and opened the dynamite would explode.

Question 4.
Why do you think Tom happily looked forward to the expenditure for his uncle’s funeral?
Answer:
Tom thought he would become a very rich man after his uncle died when he inherited the box of gems.

Question 5.
Write a few words about the mechanism used in the iron box.
Answer:
The box contained an interesting mechanism. It will act with certainty as one unlocks it, and explode 9 Vi ounces of his improved, super sensitive dynamite. One must open without » doubting to desire a fortune. If they doubt, the person will be blown to atoms.

Question 6.
What was the counsel offered to the narrator?
Answer:
The counsel offered was to quit thinking about the box and its contents.

Question 7.
Why and when was the narrator shocked?
Answer:
The narrator was shocked when he opened the safe and found nothing but an iron box wondering whether it contained gems or it was a lie.

Question 8.
What was the doctor’s warning to Tom?
Answer:
The doctor warned him that he would lose his mind thinking a lot about the rubies.

Question 9.
Why didn’t Tom dare to assign the task of unlocking the box to someone?
Answer:
Tom felt a stranger had no right to be subjected to the trial that he dared not face. So he did not want a stranger to open the box.

Additional:

Question 1.
What was told by Uncle Jim to Tom about his property?
Answer:
Uncle Jim told him that the rubies were valuable and they were kept in the safe at the Trust company. He told Tom that he should read the letter which lies on top of the box before unlocking the box and be sure not to shake the box.

Question 2.
What did Tom find inside the safe?
Answer:
Tom found inside the safe an iron box which was heavy and strong, about ten inches long, eight inches wide and ten inches high, evidently made by Uncle Jim.

Question 3.
What did Tom know about his father’s brother?
Answer:
Tom knew that his uncle was an inventor, an able and ingenious mechanical engineer. He knew that he was a bachelor who lived alone and cooked his own meals and collected precious stones, especially rubies and pearls.

Question 4.
When did the craze for collecting precious stones start for Uncle Jim?
Answer:
From the time Uncle Jim made his first money he had this mania to collect precious stones. As he grew richer, the desire to possess rare and costly gems became stronger.

Question 5.
What did Uncle Jim tell Tom when Tom thanked him seated by his death bed?
Answer:
Jim told him that the rubies were valuable. They were in his safe at the trust company. He asked him to be very careful with the box and read a letter which was kept on top of the box and be sure not to shake the box.

C. Answer the questions given below in a paragraph of 150 words.

Question 1.
Describe briefly the contents of the letter written by Tom’s uncle.
Answer:
Tom’s uncle wrote that the box contained a large number of fine pigeon blood rubies and a lot of diamonds, one blue diamond, hundred of pearls, a famous green pearl and a necklace of blue pearls. Thinking of Susan, he insisted Tom to continue to have expectations and remember his dear uncle.

Instead of leaving the stones to a charity he gave it to Tom. The letter instructed Tom about the mechanism of unlocking it. It would explode 9U ounces of improved, super sensitive dynamite. If he opened it doubtfully it would turn him to atoms. With faith if he opened it carefully, he would nourish hopes and expectations. He asks Tom to be very careful.

Question 2.
Explain the efforts taken by Tom to open the iron box. Did he succeed? Why?
Answer:
Tom went on thinking about it, finding people to advise, ransacked libraries, imagined wild plans like throwing it from a far off place to open it, after the explosion he could get the gems, but was sure he wouldn’t succeed. He thinks very hard in vain for weeks and months. His father dismisses it that it is a dirty joke by his deceptive uncle.

His doctor advises him to stop thinking about the iron box with precious gems, as it would make him mad, he tries to put it in the bank, but withdraws because he is afraid of the burglary. He consults Professor Clinch about his dilemma who dismissed it as an altogether incredible tale. Thus Tom had to leave the box to the Society for the Preservation of Human Vivisection.

Additional:

Question 1.
According to the list kept in the Bible, what can you infer of Uncle Jim’s collection of stones?
Answer:
One fine day when Tom was already groping in fear that the iron box may explode with careless handling by someone, found between the leaves of his uncle’s Bible, a numbered list of the stones with their cost. It was dated two years before his uncle’s death. Many of the stones were well known, and their enormous value was also mentioned. Several of the rubies were described with care and curious histories of them were given in detail.

One was said to be the famous “Sunset ruby,” which had belonged to the Empress-Queen Maria Theresa. One was called the “Blood ruby,” not because of the colour but on account of the murders it had occasioned. The pearls were described with care as an unequaled collection. Concerning two of them, they seemed to have done much evil and some good. One, a black pearl, was mentioned in an old bill of sale which seemed queer.
‘Genius like precious stones is chiefly prized because of its rarity. ’

Question 2.
What did Uncle Jim tell his nephew a week before his death?
Answer:
Tom was just thirty-seven when his Uncle Philip died. A week before that event Jim sent for him and it was the first day Tom had ever seen his uncle. At that time Tom was a poor clerk. When Tom sat down by his bedside, he began, with a malicious grin and told him that he must be thinking about this strange meet. He told him that he would explain why it was strange too. He told him that he had been living on an annuity into which he put his fortune.

In other words, he, has been, as to money, concentric half of his life to enable him to be as eccentric as he pleased the rest of it. He added that now he repented of his wickedness to all of them and desire to live in the memory of at least one of his family. Jim also told Tom that he might think he was poor and had only his annuity but said that he would be surprised to know how profitable he was. He said that he had never parted with his precious stones and that they would be Tom’s after his death since he has accepted him to be his sole heir.

He said that he should carry with him to the other world the satisfaction of making one man happy. Uncle Jim also told Tom that there wasn’t any doubt about his expectations and that he should continue to expect. He told Tom about his jewels in the safe and that he should pay for his funeral.
‘Man is an idea, and a precious small idea once he turns his back.’

Question 3.
What information do you have of Uncle Jim?
Answer:
Uncle Jim was the narrator’s father’s only brother. He hated the narrator’s mother. Tom’s mother too had told him long before Uncle Jim’s last illness that he need not expect anything from his father’s brother. Uncle Jim was an inventor, an able and ingenious mechanical engineer, and had much money by his improvement in turbine-wheels. He was a bachelor; lived alone, cooked his own meals, and collected precious stones, especially rubies and pearls.

From the time he made his first money he had this mania. As he grew richer, the desire to possess rare and costly gems became stronger. He was malicious. He was an odd man who couldn’t be understood. He was extremely clever in mechanic arts. He had a patent for the explosive which helped him to become rich.
‘No one is perfect – absolutely no one.’

D. Fill in the blanks with the right option and write down the summary of the story ‘A dilemma’.

Question 1.
The narrator was sent for, by his uncle when he was ______ . (on his deathbed / on his travels/ in his workplace)
Answer:
on his deathbed

Question 2.
The uncle had collected precious _______. (jewels / stones /articles)
Answer:
stones

Question 3.
His uncle announced Tom as his heir and wanted* him to pay for his _______. (rented house / marriage / funeral)
Answer:
funeral

Question 4.
Leaving an iron box for Tom, his uncle instructed him not to the box. (throw / carry / shake)
Answer:
shake

Question 5.
The letter read that the box contained _______ . (a sensitive dynamite / jewels / money)
Answer:
a sensitive dynamite

Question 6.
He started thinking of all possible ways to open the box without being ______ . (wounded / killed / maimed)
Answer:
killed

Question 7.
He planned to explode the box at ________ but dropped the plan ______in fear of losing the rubies. (home / a safe distance / a waste land)
Answer:
a safe distance

Question 8.
His consultation with did ______ not yield him any fruitful solution. (Uncle Philip / Professor Clinch / Susan)
Answer:
Professor Clinch

Question 9.
He failed in his attempts to open the box. His efforts to read about explosives led to_____(hopes / confusions / suspicions) and he had to change his ______ . (name and occupation /lodgings / appearance)
Answer:
confusions, name and occupation

Question 10.
At last, he bequeathed the box to______ . (his offspring / his friends / the Society)
Answer:
the Society.

Additional:

1. The author was just ………………. when Uncle Philip died.
(a) thirty-one
(b) forty-seven
(c) thirty-seven
Answer:
(c) thirty-seven

2. Uncle Philip hated the author’s …………………. .
(a) mother
(b) father
(c) sister
Answer:
(a) mother

3. ……………… before Uncle Philip’s death, the author got to see him.
(a) two weeks
(b) a week
(c) a month
Answer:
(b) a week

4. Uncle Jim was an inventor, an able and ingenious ……………… engineer.
(a) civil
(b) electrical
(c) mechanical
Answer:
(c) mechanical

5. Uncle Jim had much money by his improvement in …………… .
(a) turbine-wheels
(b) cargo-wheels
(c) construction sites
Answer:
(a) turbine-wheels

6. Jim collected precious stones, especially ………………….. .
(a) pearls and emeralds
(b) rubies and pearls
(c) jades
Answer:
(b) rubies and pearls

7. From the time Jim made his first money he had this ………………….. .
(a) desire
(b) sickness
(c) mania
Answer:
(c) mania

8. When Jim bought a new stone, he carried it in his ……………… for a month.
(a) pocket
(b) wallet
(c) suitcase
Answer:
(a) pocket

9. After a month, Jim added it to the collection in his safe at …………………. .
(a) state treasury
(b) the trust company
(c) the Bank of Lorraine
Answer:
(b) the trust company

10. When the author met Uncle Jim, he was a ………………… .
(a) Banker
(b) Physician
(c) Clerk
Answer:
(c) Clerk

11. When I sat down by his bedside, the author noticed his ……………….. grin.
(a) malicious
(b) benevolent
(c) deathly
Answer:
(a) malicious

12. Did Tom think that his Uncle was poor and had only his for his …………………. living?
(a) pearls and gems
(b) annuity
(c) iron-box
Answer:
(b) annuity

13. As the author rose to leave, Jim said: “The …………………….. are valuable”.
(a) Rubies
(b) Pearls
(c) Emeralds
Answer:
(a) Rubies

14. The box was heavy and strong, about ten inches long; ………………. inches wide and ten inches high.
(a) ten
(b) nine
(c) eight
Answer:
(c) eight

15. The author carried the iron box away, set it down with care in a ………………… .
(a) cupboard
(b) wooden case
(c) closet
Answer:
(c) closet

16. According to the letter, the box contains very fine ……………… .
(a) pigeon-blood rubies and a fair lot of diamonds
(b) blue pearls and rubies
(c) pigeon-blood rubies and a green jade and emerald
Answer:
(a) pigeon-blood rubies and a fair lot of diamonds

17. Any woman would sell her soul-or her affections for ……………….. .
(a) the famous green pearl and a necklace of blue pearls
(b) the famous antique turquoise shell comb with pearls embedded
(c) the blue coloured large diamond
Answer:
(a) the famous green pearl and a necklace of blue pearls

18. Worst of all, his …………….. was reduced, and marriage cancelled.
(a) fame
(b) peace
(c) salary
Answer:
(c) salary

19. In despair, the author consulted ………………. .
(a) Professor Clinch
(b) Professor Gems
(c) Physician Schaff
Answer:
(a) Professor Clinch

20. ………………… was the author’s uncle’s doctor.
(a) Dr. Clinch
(b) Dr. Schaff
(c) Dr. Gems
Answer:
(b) Dr. Schaff

21. He spent all his spare hours at one of the greatest libraries reading about …………………. .
(a) rubies
(b) diamonds
(c) dynamite
Answer:
(c) dynamite

22. The library attendants, mistook him to be a dynamite fiend, alerted the ……………… .
(a) crime department
(b) library manager
(c) police
Answer:
(c) police

23. Between the leaves of Jim’s Bible, a numbered list of the stones was kept.
(a) Bible
(b) Quran
(c) Encyclopedia of Dynamites
Answer:
(a) Bible

24. The list in the Bible was dated ……………… before my uncle’s death.
(a) two weeks
(b) two months
(c) two years
Answer:
(c) two years

25. The “…………………..,” belonged to the Empress-Queen Maria Theresa.
(a) Sunset Ruby
(b) Blood Sapphire
(c) Precious Jades
Answer:
(a) Sunset Ruby

Additional:

A. Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order.

1. a. As he grew richer, the desire to possess rare and costly gems became stronger,
b. From the time he made his first money he had this mania.
c. He had much money by his improvement in turbine-wheels. .
d. He was a bachelor; lived alone, and collected precious stones.
e. Uncle Philip was an inventor, an able and ingenious mechanical engineer.
Answers:
e, c, d, b, a
e. Uncle Philip was an inventor, an able and ingenious mechanical engineer.
c. He had much money by his improvement in turbine-wheels.
d. He was a bachelor; lived alone, and collected precious stones,
b. From the time he made his first money he had this mania.
a. As he grew richer, the desire to possess rare and costly gems became stronger.

2. a. Finally, when I thanked him he grinned and wanted me to pay for his funeral.
b. Later, it was added to the collection in his safe at the trust company.
c. Now and then, he took it out and looked at it.
d. When Uncle Philip bought a new stone, he carried it in his pocket for a month.
e. When Uncle Philip sent for Tom, he was a clerk, and poor enough.
Answers:
d, c, b, e, a
d. When Uncle Philip bought a new stone, he carried it in his pocket for a month,
c. Now and then, he took it out and looked at it.
b. Later, it was added to the collection in his safe at the trust company.
e. When Uncle Philip sent for Tom, he was a clerk, and poor enough.
a. Finally, when I thanked him he grinned and wanted me to pay for his funeral.

B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrases given below to form a complete meaningful paragraph.

1. (heavy and strong/ ten inches high/was found/ but an iron box/ was handsomely buried)

Uncle Philip died that day next week, and (i) …………………. The day after, his will (ii) ……………….., leaving me his heir. I opened his safe and found in it nothing (iii) ………………., evidently of his own making, for he was a skilled workman and very ingenious. The box was (iv) ………………………. about ten inches long, eight inches wide and (v) ……………………. .
Answers:
(i) was handsomely buried
(ii) was found
(iii) but an iron box
(iv) heavy and strong
(v) ten inches high

2. (in the house with that box / to withdraw it/ In my despair / in a safe / by the dozen)

(i) …………….. I advertised in the Journal of Science, and have had absurd schemes sent me (ii) ……………………. At last, as I talked too much about it, the thing became so well known that when I put the horror (iii) ……………………, in a bank, I was promptly desired (iv) …………………. I was in constant fear of burglars, and my landlady gave me notice to leave, because no one would stay (v) ……………… .
Answers:
(i) In my despair
(ii) by the dozen
(iii) in a safe
(iv) to withdraw it
(v) in the house with that box

C. Match the following appropriately:

1. Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 7 A Dilemma 1
Answers:
(i)(c), (ii)(d), (iii)(e), (iv)(a), (v)(b).

2. Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 7 A Dilemma 2
Answers:
(i)(c), (ii)(d), (iii)(b), (iv)(e), (v)(a).

D. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

1. I was just thirty-seven when my Uncle Philip died. A week before that event he sent for me; and here let me say that I had never set eyes on him. He hated my mother, but I do not know why. She told me long before his last illness that I need expect nothing from my father’s brother. He was an inventor, an able and ingenious mechanical engineer, and had much money by his improvement in turbine-wheels. He was a bachelor; lived alone, cooked his own meals, and collected precious stones, especially rubies and pearls.

From the time he made his first money he had this mania. As he grewricher, the desire to possess rare and costly gems became stronger. When he bought a new stone, he carried it in his pocket for a month and now and then took it out and looked at it. Then it was added to the collection in his safe at the trust company.

(a) How old was Uncle Philip’s nephew when he died?
Answer:
Uncle Philip’s nephew was thirty-seven years old when Philip died.

(b) How was the narrator related to Philip?
Answer:
The narrator was Philip’s nephew as Philip was his father’s brother.

(c) What was Philip doing and how did his earnings improve?
Answer:
Philip was an inventor and an ingenious mechanical engineer. His earnings improved in turbine-wheels.

(d) What did Philip do when he bought a new stone?
Answer:
For a month, Philip carried his new stone that he had purchased in his pocket and looked at it now and then. Later he would add it to his collections in his safe at the trust company.

(e) What was Philip’s mania?
Answer:
Philip’s mania was to collect precious stones, especially rubies and pearls.

2. At the time he sent for me I was a clerk, and poor enough. Remembering my mother’s words, his message gave me, his sole relative, no new hopes; but I thought it best to go. When I sat down by his bedside, he began, with a malicious grin: “I suppose you think me queer. I will explain.” What he said was certainly queer enough. “I have been living on an annuity into which I put my fortune. In other words, I have been, as to money, concentric half of my life to enable me to be as eccentric as I pleased the rest of it.

Now I repent of my wickedness to you all, and desire to live in the memory of at least one of my family. You think I am poor and have only my annuity. You will be profitably surprised. I have never parted with my precious stones; they will be yours. You are my sole heir. I shall carry with me to the other world the satisfaction of making one man happy. “No doubt you have always had expectations, and I . desire that you should continue to expect. My jewels are in my safe. There is nothing else left”. When I thanked him he grinned all over his lean face, and said: “You will have to pay for my funeral.”

(a) What did Tom recall when Uncle Philip had sent for him?
Answer:
When Uncle Philip had sent for Tom, he recalled his mother’s words that he should not expect anything from his uncle, though he was the sole relative.

(b) What was Tom working as when Uncle Philip called for him?
Answer:
Tom was a poor clerk when Uncle Philip called for him.

(c) What was the repentance that Uncle Philip said he had in his heart?
Answer:
Uncle Philip said that he repented for his wickedness to his family members.

(d) How was Uncle Philip‘s desire?
Answer:
Uncle Philip’s desire was to live in the memory of at least one of his family members.

(e) flow did Uncle Philip want to compensate for his wickedness?
Answer:
Uncle Philip wanted to compensate his wickedness by making one man happy as he wanted to give all his precious stones to him, who was his sole heir.

A Dilemma by Silas Weir Mitchell About the Author:

Silas Weir Mitchell was born on February 15, 1829, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to John Kearsley Mitchell and Sarah Henry Mitchell. A prominent Philadelphia physician and graduate of Jefferson Medical College, Silas Weir Mitchell, M.D., developed the rest cure for neurasthenia in the 1870’s. In 1866, he published a short story in the Atlantic Monthly resting upon both somatic and psychological insights entitled “The Case of George Dedlow”. He wrote juvenile stories and prose fiction of varying merit which earned him a leading place among American authors at the close of the 19th century. He died on January 4, 1914 in Philadelphia and is interred at The Woodlands Cemetery.

A Dilemma Summary:

Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 7 A Dilemma 3

Introduction:
A Dilemma written by Silas Weir Mitchell is an interesting short story of mystery. In this story the character receives from his uncle a box that contains a large number of valuables. However this box will explode to pieces when unlocked. So saying he dies.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 7 A Dilemma 4

Tom is confused:
The narrator is informed of this by a letter which was left by his uncle on his bedside, shortly before his passing. He also informs all this to his only heir Tom on condition that he will agree to do a decent funeral for him.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 7 A Dilemma 5

Confusion Intensifies:
The conflict of the story is entirely internal and results in a huge dilemma of anxiety and self-doubt as the protagonist Tom who is the sole heir to Uncle Philip decides and contemplates whether to attempt to open the box or not. In addition, he fears that someone else may try to open the box with the key and be blown to shreds. He confronts a doctor about his dilemma and eventually moves away to a new place, changes his name, and hides the box.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 7 A Dilemma 6

Tom’s dilemma:
It’s incredibly fascinating to see how a small box and curiosity can drive a human being to so much trouble of anxiety and reluctance. We too are challenged with this thought as he tries to open the box. When,Tom sat down, as yet hopeful, and began to exert his ingenuity upon ways of opening the box without being killed, he is in a dilemma and is anxious of the pros and cons wanting to know the way to open the box unhurt.
He again gains anxiety and hence the doctor warns him that he was in danger of losing his mind is a pure representation of human curiosity and how it can drive us to anxiety and mental instability.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 7 A Dilemma 7

Conclusion:
We conclude from this story that a man craves for riches and keeps running after it. He bothers least to face any difficulties and pain to live a rich and luxurious life. So one must understand that one will certainly attain the prize for which he undergoes hardships and does hard work.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 7 A Dilemma 8

A Dilemma Glossary:

Textual:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 7 A Dilemma 9
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 7 A Dilemma 10

Additional:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 7 A Dilemma 11

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Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist

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A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist Textual Questions

A. Answer the following questions in two or three lines.

Question 1.
Why did Francis Bennett wake up with a bad temper?
Answer:
Francis Bennett woke up with a bad temper because he was feeling lonely and bored. It was eight days, since his wife had gone to France.

Question 2.
What was a mechanized dressing room?
Answer:
The machine in the mechanised dressing room washes a person, shaves him, dresses him and buttons him from top to toe on the threshold of his office.

Question 3.
How was food served to him?
Answer:
Food was served to him through a network of pneumatic tubes. It was an expensive system, but cooking was better.

Question 4.
Why was Bennett curious about astronomy?
Answer:
Bennett was curious about astronomy because one of the astronomers had just determined the
elements of the new planet ‘Gandini’. He was delighted to know about the accuracy of it.

Question 5.
Why did he visit Niagara?
Answer:
He visited Niagara to see his accumulator works. There after using the force of the cataracts to produce energy, he sold or hired it out to the consumers.

Question 6.
How did Bennett travel?
Answer:
Bennett travelled by aero-car which shot across space at a speed of about four hundred miles ‘ an hour. Within half an hour, he reached his works at Niagara.

Question 7.
Give three instances of how mechanization has changed life at home in 2889?
Answer:
At home through phonotelephote, vision and speech are transmitted. In two minutes, without the help of an attendant, the machine gets a person to be ready, to his office. Food can be served through pneumatic tubes.

Question 8.
How is advertising in this age different from what we have today?
Answer:
The gigantic advertisement signs are reflected on the clouds, so large that they can be seen all over the country. From that gallery, a thousand projectors were unendingly employed in sending to the clouds, on which they were reproduced in colour, these exorbitant advertisements.

Additional Questions

Question 1.
What is the story Jules Verne talks about?
Answer:
Jules Verne talks about the people of twenty-ninth century who live in fairyland.

Question 2.
Who is the central character and what is his role?
Answer:
The central character is an American Journalist, Francis Bennett who is the Managing Editor of the Earth Herald, the world’s largest newspaper.

Question 3.
What does Jules Verne visualize?
Answer:
Jules Verne visualizes in 1889 the world in 2889, a thousand years later where the world is filled with technological advancements.

Question 4.
What changed the mood of Bennett?
Answer:
The device, Phonotelephote when switched on changed the mood of Bennett since he could speak and see his wife Edith.

Question 5.
What was the latest advancement in Technology which was a boon to Bennett when his wife was in France?
Answer:
The latest advancement was the transmission of vision along with speech. This was indeed a boon since Bennett missed seeing his wife Edith.

Question 6.
How many reporters did Bennett have and what was their job?
Answer:
Bennett had fifteen hundred reporters who passed on to subscribers the news which had come in during the night from the four quarters of the earth.

Question 7.
Were the subscribers able to hear only the news?
Answer:
No, the subscribers besides hearing the news reported directly over telephones also had the sight of these events through commutators.

Question 8.
Who did Francis Bennett question about the recent discoveries in the Stellar world?
Answer:
Cash, one of the ten astronomical reporters was questioned by Bennett about the recent discoveries in the stellar world.

Question 9.
Which news by Cash made Bennett curious about the stellar world?
Answer:
The news about Phototelegrams from Mercury, Venus and Mars stated by Cash made Bennett curious to know more about the stellar world.

Question 10.
What was determined by one of the Earth Herald’s astronomers?
Answer:
One of the Earth Herald’s astronomers had determined Gandini a new planet.

Question 11.
What was determined by one of the Earth Herald’s astronomers?
Answer:
One of Earth Herald’s astronomers had determined Gandini a new planet.

Question 12.
Describe the elements of the new planet, Gandini.
Answer:
The new planet, Gandini is at a distance of 12,841,348,284,623 metres and 7 decimetres. This planet orbits round the sun in 572 years, 194 days, 12 hours, 43 minutes and 9.8 seconds.

Question 13.
What did Bennett do when the clock struck twelve?
Answer:
When the clock struck twelve, Bennett, the director of the Earth Herald left the hall and sat down in a rolling armchair. In a few minutes he reached his dining room half a mile away, at the far end of the office where he had arranged to have lunch at the same time with Edith.

Question 14.
Why did Bennett abandon domestic cooking?
Answer:
Francis Bennett abandoned domestic cooking because he was served with thousand types of dishes through a network of pneumatic tubes by the Society for Supplying Food to the Home. Though it was expensive, cooking was better.

Question 15.
What was the work awaiting Bennett at the waiting room of the Earth Herald?
Answer:
Bennett had to choose among the different proposals the right choice he gave to his petitioners among his daily audience.

Question 16.
What was the second inventor hoping to do?
Answer:
A second inventor, using as a basis some old experiments that dated from the 19th century, had the idea of moving a whole city in a single block. He suggested, as a demonstration, the town of Saaf, situated fifteen miles from the sea into a seaside resort.

B. Identify the character/speaker.

Question 1.
As soon as he woke up, he switched on his phonotelephote.
Answer:
Francis Bennett

Question 2.
Well, Cash, what have you got?
Answer:
Francis Bennett

Question 3.
‘Phototelegrams from Mercury, Venus and Mars, Sir.’
Answer:
Cash

Question 4.
‘Interesting! And Jupiter?’
Answer:
Francis Bennett

Question 5.
‘Not yet, Mr.Bennett.’
Answer:
Cash

Question 6.
‘No, it’s the inhabitants.’
Answer:
Corley

Question 7.
‘Where are we going, Sir?’
Answer:
Aero-coachman

Question 8.
‘Then, Sir, I shall really have discovered the absolute.’
Answer:
A young man/petitioner

Question 9.
‘Are you saying you’re going to be able to construct a human being?’
Answer:
Francis Bennett

Question 10.
‘I’m going to start this moment.’
Answer:
Edith

Additional:

Question 1.
Francis … dear Francis!…
Answer:
Edith

Question 2.
Well, Cash, what have you got?
Answer:
Bennett

Question 3.
Phototelegrams from Mercury, Venus and Mars, Sir.
Answer:
Cash

Question 4.
Interesting! And Jupiter?
Answer:
Bennett

Question 5.
Nothing so far!
Answer:
Cash

Question 6.
We cannot understand the signals the Jovian’s make.
Answer:
Cash

Question 7.
Perhaps ours haven’t reached them?
Answer:
Bennett

Question 8.
Aren’t you getting some result from the moon?
Answer:
Bennett

Question 9.
No it’s the inhabitants.
Answer:
Corley

Question 10.
On the face it turns towards us, at any rate.
Answer:
Corley

Question 11.
Who knows whether on the other side…’
Answer:
Corley

Question 12.
‘Well, there’s a very simple method of finding out.’
Answer:
Bennett

Question 13.
To turn the moon round!
Answer:
Bennett

Question 14.
Good! Hurry up and tell the reportage service about it.
Answer:
Bennett

Question 15.
I’m anxious for the news to appear in today’s issue!
Answer:
Bennett

Question 16.
‘I’m going to start this moment.
Answer:
Edith

Question 17.
‘By tube or aero-train?’
Answer:
Bennett

Question 18.
‘By tube’.
Answer:
Edith

Question 19.
‘Then you’ll be here? At eleven fifty-nine this evening.’
Answer:
Bennett

Question 20.
‘Paris time?’
Answer:
Edith

Question 21.
‘No, no! … Centropolis time’
Answer:
Bennett

Question 22.
‘Goodbye then, and above all don’t miss the tube!’
Answer:
Bennett

Question 23.
Then, Sir, I shall really have discovered the absolute’
Answer:
Bennett

Question 24.
When do you expect to get back to Centropolis?
Answer:
Francis Bennett

Question 25.
Well, Sir, I’m on the point of reducing the three to one.
Answer:
Bennett

Question 26.
He was lunching in solitude.
Answer:
Francis Bennett

Question 27.
Where are we going, Sir?
Answer:
Aero-coachman

Question 28.
Let’s see. I’ve got time…
Answer:
Francis Bennett

Question 29.
Take me to my accumulator works at Niagara.
Answer:
Francis Bennett

Question 30.
It travels at a speed of about 400 miles an hour.
Answer:
Aero Car

Question 31.
Within half an hour, he reached Niagara.
Answer:
Francis Bennett

Question 32.
Sir, elements were estimated at seventy five, it has now been reduced to three, as no doubt you are aware.
Answer:
The young man with broad brow

Question 33.
And the results of that discovery?
Answer:
The young man with broad brow

Question 34.
Are you saying you’re going to construct a human being?
Answer:
The young man with broad brow

Question 35.
He is one of the subscribers to the Society for Supplying Food to the Home.
Answer:
Francis Bennett

Question 36.
At twelve, he left the hail and sat down In a rolling armchair.
Answer:
The director of the Earth Herald, Mr. Bennett

Question 37.
The table was laid and he took his place at it.
Answer:
The director of the Earth Herald

Question 38.
Within reach of his hand was placed a series of taps.
Answer:
The director of the Earth Herald

Question 39.
They started working out some mechanical means of turning the satellite right round.
Answer:
The scientists of the Bennett factory

Question 40.
Well, this time, you can’t blame optical science!
Answer:
The director of the Earth Herald, Mr. Bennett

Question 41.
He woke in rather a bad temper.
Answer:
Bennett

Question 42.
Eight days ago, she had gone to Champs Elysees.
Answer:
Edith

C. Choose the best answer.

1. Bennette’s wife was in ……………….. .
(i) Germany
(ii) Australia
(iii) France
(iv) Holland
Answer:
(iii) France

2. The data from the stellar world was gathered by ……………….. .
(i) Bennette
(ii) astronomical
(iii) the computer
(iv) telephote
Answer:
(ii) astronomical reporters

3. The food was being delivered through ……………. tubes.
(i) pneumatic
(ii) shallow
(iii) hollow
(iv) virtual
Answer:
(i) pneumatic

4. The wayfarers were carried to one place to another by the.
(i) bullet train
(ii) jet
(iii) moving pavement
(iv) heli-taxi
Answer:
(iii) moving pavement

Additional:

1. A day in 2889 of an American Journalist is written by ……………… .
(a) Asha Nehemiah
(b) Matsuo Basho
(c) Jules Verne
Answer:
(c) Jules Verne

2. The story, ‘A Day IN 2889’ speaks about the people of the ……………….. .
(a) twenty-ninth century
(b) twentieth century
(c) twenty-fifth century
Answer:
(a) twenty-ninth century

3. The year is 2889 and the date is ………………… .
(a) 12th November
(b) 25th July
(c) 5th October
Answer:
(b) 25th July

4. Bennett is the Managing Editor of the …………………….. .
(a) Earth Herald, the world’s largest newspaper
(b) Herald Earth, the world’s futuristic story
(c) The Universe
Answer:
(a) Earth Herald, the world’s largest newspaper

5. As soon as Bennett woke up, he switched on his …………………….. .
(a) phonotelephote
(b) telephone
(c) electricity
Answer:
(a) phonotelephote

6. The wires led to the house he owned in the ……………………….. .
(a) Champs – Burtey
(b) Champs – Falcon
(c) Champs-Elysees
Answer:
(c) Champs-Elysees

7. Bennett had …………………. reporters.
(a) 1500
(b) 15000
(c)500
Answer:
(a) 1500

8. In addition to his telephone, each reporter has a series of ………………….. .
(a) commutators
(b) telephones
(c) Jovians
Answer:
(a) commutators

9. Francis Bennett questioned one of the ……………… astronomical reporters.
(a) Fifty
(b) ten
(c) fifteen
Answer:
(b) ten

10. We haven’t been able to understand the signals the ……………… make.
(a) Astronomers
(b) Jovians
(c) Mercurians
Answer:
(b) Jovians

D. Fill in the story map given below.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 1

Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 2
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 3

Additional:

A. Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order.

1. a. In this world of technological advancements newspapers are not printed but ‘spoken’.
b. Francis Bennett is the Managing Editor of the Earth Herald.
c. This story speaks about the people of the twenty-ninth century.
d. Earth Herald is the world’s largest newspaper.
e. The year is 2889, the date 25th July and the place is the office block.
Answers:
c, e, b, d, a
c. This story speaks about the people of the twenty-ninth century.
e. The year is 2889, the date 25th July and the place is the office block.
b. Francis Bennett is the Managing Editor of the Earth Herald.
d. Earth Herald is the world’s largest newspaper.
a. In this world of technological advancements newspapers are not printed but ‘spoken’.

2. a. As soon as he awoke, Francis Bennett switched on his phonotelephote.
b. Eight days ago his wife had been to France and he was feeling a little lonely.
c. Francis Bennett was in a bad temper.
d. The reason was the absence of his wife with him.
e. The wires of his Phonotelephote led to the house he owned in the Champs-Elysees.
Answers:
c, d, b, a, e
c. Francis Bennett was in a bad temper.
d. The reason was the absence of his wife with him.
b. Eight days ago his wife had been to France and he was feeling a little lonely.
a. As soon as he awoke, Francis Bennett switched on his phonotelephote.
e. The wires of his Phonotelephote led to the house he owned in the Champs-Elysees.

B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrases given below to form a complete meaningful paragraph.

1. (by the electric current /to the house /could also be transmitted / completed by the telephote / As soon as)

(i) ………………… Francis Bennett woke up, he switched on his phonotelephote. The wires led (ii) ……………… he owned in the Champs-Elysees.The telephone, (iii) …………………….,is another of our time’s conquests! Though the transmission of speech (iv) …………………….. was already very old, it was only since yesterday that vision (v) ………………. was possible.
Answers:
(i) As soon as
(ii) to the house
(iii) completed by the telephote
(iv) by the electric current
(v) in the stellar world

2. (a series of taps /of his home in Paris / took his place/in spite of the distance/at the same time)

The table was laid and he (i) …………………. at it. Within reach of his hand was placed (ii) …………….. and before him was the curved surface of a phonotelephote, on which appeared the dining room (iii) …………….. Mr. and Mrs. Bennett had arranged to have lunch (iv) ……………….. nothing could be more pleasant than to be face to face (v) ……………….. to see one another and talk by means of the phonotelephotic apparatus.
Answers:
(i) took his place
(ii) a series of taps
(iii) of his home in Paris
(iv) at the same time
(v) in spite of the distance

C. Match the following appropriately:

1. Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 4
Answers:
(i)(c), (ii)(e), (iii)(d), (iv)(a), (v)(b)

2. Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 5
Answers:
(i)(b), (ii)(d), (iii)(e), (iv)(c), (v)(a)

D. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

1. That morning Francis Bennett awoke in rather a bad temper. This was eight days since his wife had been in France and he was feeling a little lonely. As soon as he awoke, Francis Bennett switched on his phonotelephote whose wires led to the house he owned in the Champs-Elysees. The telephone, completed by the telephote, is another of our time’s conquests! Though the transmission of speech by the electric current was already very old, it was only since yesterday that vision could also be transmitted.

A valuable discovery, and Francis Bennett was by no means the only one to bless its inventor when, in spite of the enormous distance between them, he saw his wife appear in the telephotic mirror. ‘Francis … dear FtancisL.’His name, spoken by that sweet voice, gave a happier turn to Francis Bennett’s mood. He quickly jumped out of bed and went into his mechanized dressing room.

(а) Why was Francis Bennett in a bad temper?
Answer:
Francis Bennett was feeling lonely as his wife had been to France eight days ago and so he was in a bad temper.

(b) What did he do as soon as he woke up?
Answer:
As soon as Francis woke up, he switched on the phonotelephote whose wires connected to his house in Champs Elysees where his wife was staying.

(c) What was the valuable discovery made just a day before 25th July?
Answer:
The valuable discovery was the telephotic mirror where Francis could see his wife appear on screen apart from hearing his voice.

(d) What changed the mood of Francis Bennett?
Answer:
When Francis heard his wife’s sweet voice say, ‘Francis…Francis’, his mood changed into a happy feel.

(e) What is considered a Time’s conquest?
Answer:
Telephone completed by telephote, resulting in phonotelephote is a Time’s conquest.

2. His name, spoken by that sweet voice, gave a happier turn to Francis Bennett’s mood. He quickly jumped out of bed and went into his mechanized dressing room.
Two minutes later, without needing the help of a valet, the machine deposited him, washed, shaved, shod, dressed and buttoned from top to toe, on the threshold of his office. The day’s work was going to begin. Francis Bennett went on into the reporters’ room.

His fifteen hundred reporters, placed before an equal number of telephones, were passing on to subscribers the news which had come in during the night from the four quarters of the earth. In addition to his telephone, each reporter has in front of him a series of commutators, which allow him to get into communication with this or that telephotic line. Thus the subscribers have not only the story but the sight of these events.

(a) What did Francis Bennett do when he became happy hearing wife’s sweet voice?
Answer:
As soon as Francis Bennett heard his wife’s voice he quickly jumped out of bed and went into his mechanized dressing room.

(b) What happened two minutes later?
Answer:
Two minutes later, without needing the help of a valet, the machine deposited Francis, washed, shaved, shod, dressed and buttoned him from top to toe, on the threshold of his office.

(c) How many reporters were there in the reporters’ room?
Answer:
There were about fifteen hundred reporters in the reporters’ room.

(d) What were the reporters doing when Francis entered the reporters’ room?
Answer:
The reporters were placed before an equal number of telephones and were passing on to subscribers the news which had come in during the night from the four quarters of the earth.

(e) What was the additional benefit that the subscribers were enjoying in recent times?
Answer:
In addition to a telephone, each reporter had in front of him a series of commutators, which allow him to get into communication with any onetelephotic line. Thus the subscribers had not only the story but the sight of all the events.

A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist by Jules Verne About the Author:

Jules Verne was bom in the city of Nantes, France on February 8th, 1828. His father was a lawyer, and at the beginning, Veme wanted to study law as well. When he was nineteen, – he started writing long pieces of literature, but his father wanted him to earn money as a lawyer, not as a writer. He decided to give up being a lawyer, and become a full-time professional writer instead. Veme married Aimee du Fraysse de Viane in January 1857 with his father’s blessing and continued to write until his death. On 24th of March 1905, Veme, who was sick with diabetes, died at his home in Amiens, France.

A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist Summary:

Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 6

Introduction:
The author explains the life on earth after thousand years and that the daily activities of a normal human will be assisted by machines. For example the author envisions that travelling will be made easy. In this story the office block of the Earth Herald, the world’s largest newspaper, is illustrated during the year 2889.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 7

Francis Bennett and his office One early morning, Francis Bennett woke up bad tempered because his wife Edith had gone to Champs Elysees eight days ago. He switched on his phonotelephote whose wires led to the house he owned in the Champs-Elysees. The telephone, completed by the telephote, was another of their time’s conquests! From yesterday,vision could also be transmitted along with speech. Bennett blessed its inventor as he saw his wife appear in the telephotic mirror. Her voice and face changed his mood.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 8

He went into his mechanized dressing room within two minutes, washed, shaved, shod, dressed and buttoned from top to toe, on the threshold of his office. The day’s work started at the reporters’ room. His fifteen hundred reporters, with their telephones, were speaking the news received from the four quarters of the earth to subscribers. Besides telephone, all reporters have commutators, which allow communication on telephotic line with visual sights.

Bennett questioned one of the ten astronomical reporters Cash about the recent discoveries in the stellar world. Cash replied that it was Phototelegrams from Mercury, Venus and Mars, and nothing from Jupiter since the Jovians signal could not be understood. He added that even results from the Moon wasn’t possible and one can’t blame optical science though moon was six hundred times nearer than Mars. Corley another reporter said it was the inhabitants which was refuted by Bennett who said the simplest way was to turn the moon round and find out.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 9

Bennett’s scientific lab
From then on, the scientists of the Bennett factory started working on turning satellite. One of the Earth Herald’s astronomers had just determined the elements of the new planet Gandini and Bennett was delighted at his accuracy. He wanted the reporters to pass on the news to the subscribers immediately. The broad gallery for such a journal as the Earth Herald brought in an average of three million dollars daily.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 10

Luxury life of Bennett
When the clock struck twelve, the director of the Earth Herald sat in a rolling armchair and reached his dining room half a mile away. The table was laid before him and in front of him was the phonotelephote. The couple had arranged to have lunch at the same time, see and talk by phonotelephote. Francis Bennett was one of the subscribers to the expensive, Society for Supplying Food to the Home with thousand varieties through pneumatic tubes. He was finishing his coffee in solitude when Mrs. Bennett appeared in the telephote screen after work.

He then sped past to his accumulator works at Niagara by the aero-car at a speed of about four hundred miles an hour. Below him were the towns with moving pavements which carry the wayfarers along the streets. He returned, by way of Philadelphia, Boston and New York, to Centropolis, where his aero-car put him down about five o’clock. The waiting- room of the Earth Herald was crowded awaiting Bennett to return.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 11

New Researches of Bennet
He chose carefully among the different proposals. The best was a young man whose broad brow indicated intelligence. He told Bennett about the elements estimated at seventy five now reduced to three to which Bennett told him that it would reduce to one in three weeks if he had money. He knew for sure that he would have discovered absolute, and the resultant, a human-being without a soul was confirmed by Bennett. The young fellow was assigned to the scientific editorial department of Bennett’s journal.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 12

A second inventor, had the idea of moving a whole city in a single block. As a demonstration, the town of Saaf, situated fifteen miles from the sea would be transformed into a seaside resort. Francis Bennett, attracted by this project, agreed to take a half-share in it. Francis Bennett sat in an easy-chair in the audition-room to hear the proposal. Pressing a button, he communicated with the Central Concert. Re was charmed on a series of delicious harmonico-algebraic formulae.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 13

Time for family
During his meal, phonotelephotic communication was tuned to speak to Edith. Edith told him that she was leaving to Centropolis the very moment by tube. He confirmed her arrival at Centropolis at 11:59 p.m. according to Centropolis time. These submarine tubes, travels from Paris in two hundred and ninety-five minutes than the aero-trains travelling at six hundred miles an hour. Francis Bennett, felt tired and went for a bath before going to bed. He touched the button and got ready for bath.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 14

Conclusion:
This story brings out the fact that as long as humans aspire and work hard, there will be developments and innovations in this world. Smoke-free vehicles and machines that would instantly do what you desire will come forth. Therefore humans will achieve maximum heights in the field of Science and Technology.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 15

A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist Glossary:

Textual:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 16

Additional:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist 17

We hope the data given here will benefit you to the fullest extent at the time of preparation. For better understanding of English subject this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions for Class 10th English Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist PDF is the best resource. Download & ace up your preparation. Keep in touch with us and get the latest information on Tamilnadu State board Textbook Solutions PDF.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Vocabulary Slang Expressions

Looking to improve English skills and gain more subject knowledge then the best resources that you can use here is Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions for Vocabulary Slang Expressions Questions and Answers.

In the Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Guide for textbook solutions, subject experts covered all types of questions and answers related to the topics, quick notes, summary, solved & unsolved exercises, etc. If you are planning to prepare Chapter via textbook, then you’re suggested to go with this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers PDF for better understanding and preparation.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Vocabulary Slang Expressions

English Subject experts who are having max years of experience prepared this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 10th English Vocabulary Slang Expressions Questions and Answers. They have explained all the topics covered in the board prescribed latest syllabus in a simple way to understand easily. So, students can prepare English from this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Questions and Answers PDF. Download the Tamilnadu State Board 10th English Workbook Answers PDF by accessing the below links and learn properly for the final exams to score well.

Give the correct expression for the highlighted slang like expression:
1. I am gonna speed up my work.
2. Do you wanna join us to Ooty next week?
3. Whatcha going to do?
4. D’ya wanna come?
5. Can you gimme a hand?
6. She hasn’t gotta penny.
7. She’s kinda cute.
8. Please lemme be informed without fail.
9. Who saw ya?
10. You ain’t my boss.
11. I ain’t your boss.
12. He ain’t your boss.
13. I ain’t done it.
14. She is sorta tired.
15. We hafta go immediately.
16. I dunno if its all that good.
17. Dontcha know it?
18. I’m outta country next month.
19. Ya needa know ‘bout it.
20. I coulda come.
Answer:
1. going to 2. want to 3. What are you 4. Do you want to 5. give me
6. got a 7. kind of 8. let me 9. you 10. aren’t
11. am not 12. isn’t 13. haven’t 14. sort of 15. have to 16. don’t know
17. Don’t you 18. out of 19. You need to, about 20. could have

Observe the following Slang expressions and fill in the blanks given below.

1. Bee’s knees (someone who loves themselves)
2. dough (related to money)
3. telly (television)
4. Beeb (British Broadcasting Corporation)
5. Skiving (avoiding work or school)
6. dossing (lazing around doing nothing)
7. Killing me (really hurting)
8. Chap (a man) Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Vocabulary Slang Expressions
9. Bits and bobs (collection of small things/bits and pieces)
10. Nicked (stolen)
11. Dodgy (unreliable)
12. Chuffed (well pleased)
13. Ace (excellent)
14. Veg (vegetables)
15. Sarnie (food-related slang word/sandwich)
16. bickie (a biscuit or a chocolate biscuit)
17. Miffed (annoyed)
18. Kip (short sleep or nap)
19. Arm and a leg (extremely expensive)
20. Stuffed (unable to eat more) Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Vocabulary Slang Expressions

1. “Oh no! They have …………………….. petrol from my motorbike!”
2. All this routine work is ……………………..
3. Almost every day, my mom gives us …………………….. for breakfast.
4. Beverley and Sharon are …………………….. today to watch the IPL match.
5. Chandan is a bit of a …………………….. character.
6. Come on, Beno, stop …………………….. around and get some work done.
7. He thinks he’s the ……………………..
8. I am broke and not one …………………….. I have in hand.
9. Iam not too sure if I met this …………………….. the other day.
10. I don’t think I can have the dessert, I’m already ……………………..
11. I have only had an hour’s ……………………..
12. I need to keep track of the updates on ……………………..
13. Mithwin was really …………………….. at his birthday present.
14. My friend gave me a …………………….. when I was really hungry.
15. Our family counts on …………………….. for more accurate weather forecast.
16. Select your favorite fruit or …………………….. and pickle them while they are still fresh.
17. Silvi is an …………………….. singer.
18. There was a large collection of tools and other to …………………….. look at.
19. These shoes cost me ……………………..
20. We were a bit …………………….. about the news report on bombing at Srilanka.
Answer:
1. nicked 2. killing me 3. sarnie 4. skiving 5. dodgy
6. dossing 7. Bee’s knee 8. dough 9. chap 10. stuffed
11. kip 12. telly 13. chuffed 14. bickie 15. beep 16. veg
17. ace 18. bits and bobs 19. arm and a leg 20. miffed

We hope the data given here will benefit you to the fullest extent at the time of preparation. For better understanding of English subject this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Answers for Class 10th English Vocabulary Slang Expressions PDF is the best resource. Download & ace up your preparation. Keep in touch with us and get the latest information on Tamilnadu State board Textbook Answers PDF.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Vocabulary Phrasal Verb

Looking to improve English skills and gain more subject knowledge then the best resources that you can use here is Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions for Vocabulary Phrasal Verb Questions and Answers.

In the Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Guide for textbook solutions, subject experts covered all types of questions and answers related to the topics, quick notes, summary, solved & unsolved exercises, etc. If you are planning to prepare Chapter via textbook, then you’re suggested to go with this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers PDF for better understanding and preparation.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Vocabulary Phrasal Verb

English Subject experts who are having max years of experience prepared this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 10th English Vocabulary Phrasal Verb Questions and Answers. They have explained all the topics covered in the board prescribed latest syllabus in a simple way to understand easily. So, students can prepare English from this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Questions and Answers PDF. Download the Tamilnadu State Board 10th English Workbook Answers PDF by accessing the below links and learn properly for the final exams to score well.

Replace the underlined phrasal verb with a single word or vice versa in the following sentences.
Question 1.
The jailor could not make out who was trying to scale the compound wall as there was pitch darkness.
(a) to make (b) understand (c) to patch up (d) organise
Answer:
(b) understand

Question 2.
She put on her rain coat and went out in her scooter.
(a) weighed (b) took (c) wore (d) designed
Answer:
(c) wore

Question 3.
It is the duty of sons/daughters to take care of parents in old age.
(a) right (b) box (c) hatch (d) safeguard
Answer:
(d) safeguard

Question 4.
Raja and Chandran finally saw eye to eye on the new business venture.
(a) agreement (b) faced each other (c) scorned (d) met
Answer:
(a) agreement

Question 5.
The party candidates got through with a thumping majority in the recent by-elections.
(a) had a tough time (b) escaped (c) succeed (d) illegal entry
Answer:
(c) succeed

Question 6.
The NGOs and Disaster management force pulled together to reach the relief supplies to the stranded people.
(a) pulled each other (b) managed (c) negotiated (d) worked harmoniously
Answer:
(b) managed

Question 7.
Drinking tells upon one’s health.
(a) is good for (b) ruins (c) advises (d) boosts
Answer:
(b) ruins

Question 8.
The Government pleader wanted the will in black and white and refused to accept the spoken words of the deceased.
(a) carbon paper (b) black pen (c) proof (d) photocopy
Answer:
(c) proof

Question 9.
The Prime Minister announced that the financial position will turn around within 50 days.
(a) become worse (b) diminish (c) change (d) improve/recover
Answer:
(d) improve/recover

Question 10.
The sons and son-in-law fell out over sharing the company’s profit.
(a) quarreled (b) fell down (c) fainted (d) were anxious
Answer:
(a) quarreled

Question 11.
Nirmala was at sea as Government buses did not operate in the whole city.
(a) making sand castle (b) ashore (c) confused (d) playful
Answer:
(c) confused

Question 12.
Kumar spoke pointlessly irritating his fans.
(a) beat about the bush (b) blew his own trumpet (c) told a cock and bull story (d) moved heaven and earth
Answer:
(a) beat about the bush

Question 13.
Chasing wealth has become a common trait among many politicians now.
(a) run on (b) run down (c) running after (d) run around
Answer:
(c) running after

Question 14.
Socrates persuaded people to believe that those who knew what they did not know were wise.
(a) brought the people round (b) brought them home (c) drove home (d) ate their humble pie
Answer:
(a) brought the people round

Question 15.
It was difficult to restrain my tears on seeing the natural calamity in Japan devastating the lives of people.
(a) hold on (b) hold back (c) hold off (d) hold away
Answer:
(a) hold on

Question 16.
The boss turned down the union leaders’ demand for 11% bonus.
(a) dismissed (b) rejected (c) considered (d) fired
Answer:
(b) rejected

Question 17.
Priya complied with the instructions of the company.
(a) modified (b) neglected (c) was angered (d) agreed to
Answer:
(d) agreed to

Question 18.
Under the influence of magic mushroom, the college student talked through his hat.
(a) discussed (b) Spoke carelessly (c) talk nonsense (d) spoke looking above
Answer:
(c) talk nonsense

Question 19.
Rajalingam is a man of letters.
(a) thoughtful person (b) writes letters (c) scholar (d) reads letters
Answer:
(c) scholar

Question 20.
There is no hard and fast instructions to leave the slippers outside a library.
(a) proper (b) strict (c) necessary (d) advice
Answer:
(b) strict

Question 21.
Laymen should never meddle with law.
(a) interfere with (b) play with (c) use (d) make
Answer:
(a) interfere with

Question 22.
Mistry burnt his fingers in the meger of two sinking steel plants in Africa.
(a) pointed his fingers (b) hurt his fingers (c) caught fire (d) incurred loss
Answer:
(d) incurred loss

Question 23.
Students are expected to discharge their duties towards themselves and to their parents.
(a) carry on (h) carry off (c) carry out (d) carry away
Answer:
(c) carry out

Question 24.
You must resist continuously to defend your right views.
(a) stand off (b) stand out (c) stand in (d) stand by
Answer:
(b) stand out

Question 25.
Students should know how to have a friendly relationship with their class.
(a) get up (b) get back (c) get on (d) get into
Answer:
(c) get on

Question 26.
I will discard these letters.
(a) throw out (b) throw off (c) take off (d) take up
Answer:
(a) throw out

Question 27.
The champion yielded to the strength of his opponent.
(a) gave on (b) gave back (c) gave in (d) gave up
Answer:
(c) gave in

Question 28.
He renounced his wealth and became a social worker.
(a) gave in (b) gave on (c) gave up (d) gave out
Answer:
(c) gave up

Question 29.
Naresh wishes to die working.
(a) die in harness (b) die eating his words (c) laugh in his sleeves (d) take the cues
Answer:
(a) die in harness

Question 30.
Kabeer was rescued at the eleventh hour.
(a) initially (b) last-minute (c) on the cards (d) bolt from the blue
Answer:
(b) last minute

We hope the data given here will benefit you to the fullest extent at the time of preparation. For better understanding of English subject this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Answers for Class 10th English Vocabulary Phrasal Verb PDF is the best resource. Download & ace up your preparation. Keep in touch with us and get the latest information on Tamilnadu State board Textbook Answers PDF.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Vocabulary Confusables & Homophones

Looking to improve English skills and gain more subject knowledge then the best resources that you can use here is Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions for Vocabulary Confusables & Homophones Questions and Answers.

In the Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Guide for textbook solutions, subject experts covered all types of questions and answers related to the topics, quick notes, summary, solved & unsolved exercises, etc. If you are planning to prepare Chapter via textbook, then you’re suggested to go with this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers PDF for better understanding and preparation.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Vocabulary Confusables & Homophones

English Subject experts who are having max years of experience prepared this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 10th English Vocabulary Confusables & Homophones Questions and Answers. They have explained all the topics covered in the board prescribed latest syllabus in a simple way to understand easily. So, students can prepare English from this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Questions and Answers PDF. Download the Tamilnadu State Board 10th English Workbook Answers PDF by accessing the below links and learn properly for the final exams to score well.

Homophones are one of the groups of words pronounced alike but differ in meaning and spelling or both. (e.g.) carat,
carrot; week, weak and hear, here.
Rewrite the following sentences by using the correct homophones for the underlined words:

Question 1.
He did not here any foot steps.
Answer:
He did not hear any foot steps.

Question 2.
Gita met her old classmate on her weigh to the ATM.
Answer:
Gita met her teacher on her wav to the ATM.

Question 3.
Ice cream with brownie was served as desert.
Answer:
Ice cream was served as dessert.

Question 4.
The old lady took wrest for an hour.
Answer:
The old lady took rest for an hour.

Question 5.
Tirupathi is a grate pilgrim spot.
Answer:
Tirupathi is a great pilgrim spot.

Question 6.
Never pause unhealthy comments.
Answer:
Never pass unhealthy comments.

Question 7.
My mom wood be pleased to help you during this festival time.
Answer:
My mom would be pleased to help you during this festival time.

Question 8.
You are not aloud inside the room.
Answer:
You are not allowed inside the room.

Question 9.
There was a cheque dam in Holland.
Answer:
There was a check dam in Holland.

Question 10.
If Himalayan eves disappear, few states will suffer.
Answer:
If Himalayan ice disappears, few states will suffer.

Question 11.
Her shoes are two small.
Answer:
Her shoes are too small.

Question 12.
Time may heel some wounds.
Answer:
Time may heal some wounds.

Question 13.
Mom advised me to prey regularly.
Answer:
Mom advised me to pray regularly.

Question 14.
Don’t loose your temper.
Answer:
Don’t lose your temper.

Question 15.
Some believe, “Mite is right”.
Answer:
Some believe, “Might is right”.

Question 16.
She new the way to the supermarket.
Answer:
She knew the way to the supermarket.

Question 17.
King Solomon was always faring in his judgment.
Answer:
King Solomon was always fair in his judgment.

Question 18.
Marina beach is the longest in Asia.
Answer:
Marina beach is the longest in Asia.

Question 19.
An engineer was arrested who had hordes of 2000 rupee notes.
Answer:
An engineer was arrested who had hoards of 2000 rupee notes.

Question 20.
The due seated on the top of a grass sparkled like a diamond.
Answer:
The dew seated on the top of a grass sparkled like a diamond.

Fill in with the right confusable to make a meaningful sentence
1. ……………………………. is a big clock, (ours/hours)
2. The colour of your ……………………………. is black, (hare/hair)
3. Gold is measured in ……………………………. (carrot/carat)
4. I sent a ……………………………. to my friend, (mail/male)
5. The ……………………………. seated on the top of the flowers and made the flower look more beatiful. (due/dew)
6. Sparrows were ……………………………. here long ago. (scene/seen)
7. Give me a ……………………………. when you reach home, (wring/ring)
8. How the youngest bird flies across the ……………………………. is a puzzle! (see/sea)
9. Last ……………………………. he did not attend school since he was ……………………………. (weak/week)
10. Those who are ……………………………. of their ……………………………. dare not do mistakes.(conscience/conscious)
11. Nivedha’s ……………………………. son ……………………………. himself to the new environment, (adapted/adopted)
12. The book which has been ……………………………. for the BA class has been ……………………………. for containing some
marks against a particular religion, (proscribed/prescribed)
13. Tommy was walking around the forest with his ……………………………. feet when he was attacked by the ……………………………. (bear/bare).
14. In the story, St.Michael, a ……………………………. was seated in a ……………………………. (ferry/fairy).
15. I wanted to buy a ……………………………. of bangles but I ended buying ……………………………. (pair/pears)
16. Every ……………………………. my grandmother would tell be a story about a ……………………………. to help me grow courageous, (knight/night)
17. We had to ……………………………. patiently, in spite of carrying a heavy ……………………………. (weight/wait)
18. The ……………………………. of the ……………………………. is always soft and silky, (hare/hair)
19. When teaching my son how to drive, I told him if he didn’t hit the ……………………………. in time he would ……………………………. the car’s side mirror, (break/brake)
20. If you ……………………………. drugs, you will get arrested and end up in a prison ……………………………. (cell/sell)
21. Karthik won’t spend one ……………………………. on a bottle of perfume until he knows that he loves the ……………………………. (sent/scent/cent)
22. If you accidentally drink a bottle of fabric ……………………………. you might ……………………………. (die/dye)
23. To bake a ……………………………. shaped cake, you’ll need some all-purpose ……………………………. (flour/flower)
24. If the ……………………………. breaks on your sandal, you might fall. However, your injuries will ……………………………. in a week’s time, (heal/heel)
25. I wanted to sit ……………………………. so I could ……………………………. the mimicry performance without any distractions, (hear/here)
Answer:
1. ours
2. hair
3. carat
4. nail
5. dew
6. seen
7. ring
8. sea
9. week/weak
10. conscious/conscience
11. adopted/adapted
12. prescribed/proscribed
13. bare/bear
14. fairy/ferry
15. pair/pears
16. knight/night
17. wait/weight
18. hair/hare
19. brake/break
20. sell/cell
21. cent/scent
22. dye/die
23. flower/flour
24. heel/heal
25. here/hear

We hope the data given here will benefit you to the fullest extent at the time of preparation. For better understanding of English subject this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Answers for Class 10th English Vocabulary Confusables & Homophones PDF is the best resource. Download & ace up your preparation. Keep in touch with us and get the latest information on Tamilnadu State board Textbook Answers PDF.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 9 Solutions

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 9 Solutions Notes

Solution – It is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances consisting of atoms, ions or molecules.

Solvent – The compound that is present in large amount in a homogeneous mixture is called solvent.

Solute – The compound that is present in small amount in a homogeneous mixture is called solute.

Aqueous solution – If the water is used as the solvent the resultant solution is called an aqueous solution.

Non-aqueous solution – If solvent other than water is used, then the resultant solution is called non-aqueous solution.

Types and examples of solution
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 9 Solutions Notes 3

Molality (m) – It is defined as the number of moles of solute present in 1 kg of the solution.

Molarity (M) – It is defined as the number of moles of solute present in 1 L of the solution.

Normality (N) – It is defined as the number of gram equivalents of solute present in 1 L of the solution.

Formality (F) – It is defined as the number of formula weight of the solute present in 1 L of the solution.

Mole fraction – It is defined as the ratio of the number of moles of the component to the total number of moles of all components present in the solution.

Mass percentage – It is the ratio of percentage of the mass of the solute to the mass of solution in grams.

Volume percentage – It is the ratio of percentage of volume of the solute to the volume of the solution in ml.

Mass by volume – It is the ratio of percentage of mass of the solute in g to the volume of the solution in ml.

Parts per million (ppm) – One ppm is equivalent to 1 milligram of the component per litre of solution.

Standard solution – A standard solution is a solution whose concentration is accurately known.

Solubility of a substance – The solubility of a substance is defined as the amount of the solute that can be dissolved in lOOg of the solvent at a given temperature to form a saturated solution.

Factors influencing the solubility – (i) Nature of solute and solvent, effect of temperature, effect of pressure.

Henry’s law – This law states that “the partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase (vapour pressure of the solute) is directly proportional to the mole fraction (x) of the gaseous solute in the solution at low concentration.
PSolute ∝ x solute in solution (or) Psolute = KH .x solute in solution.

KH – ft is the empirical constant with dimensions of pressure.

Evaporation – The process in which the liquid in converted to vapour.

Condensation – The process in which the vapour is converted to liquid.

Vapour pressure – It is defined as the pressure of vapour in equilibrium with its liquid at a given temperature.

Binary solution – The solution which contains only two components is called binary solution.

Raoult’s law – This law states that “in the case of a solution of volatile liquids, the partial pressure of each component (A & B) of the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction.
PA = K . XA

Dalton’s law of partial pressure – This law states that the total pressure in a closed vessel will be equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components.
pTotal = PA + PB

Ideal solution – It is a solution in which each component i.e., the solute as well as the solvent obeys the Raoult’s law over the entire range of concentration.

Non-ideal solutions – The solutions which do not obey Raoult’s law over the entire range of concentration are called non-ideal solution.

Factors responsible for deviation from Raoult’s law – Solute-solvent interaction, dissociation of solute, association of solute, temperature, pressure, concentration.

Colligative properties – The properties of the solution which do not depend on the chemical nature of the solute particles but depends only on the number of solute particles present in the solution are called colligative properties.

Relative lowering of vapour pressure – It is defined as the ratio of lowering of vapour pressure to vapour pressure of the solvent. Mathematically,
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 9 Solutions Notes 1

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 9 Solutions Notes 2
Relative lowering of vapour pressure = Moles fraction of solute

Boiling point – It is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the solution becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure (1 atm).

Elevation of boiling point – ΔTb – Tb – T0b
ΔTb = kb . m where kb = molal boiling point elevation constant.

kb Ebullioscopic constant
\(k_{b}=\frac{\mathrm{RT}_{b}^{2} \mathbf{M}_{\text {solvent }}}{\Delta \mathrm{H}_{\text {vaporisation }}}\)

Freezing point – It is defined as the temperature at which the solid and the liquid states of the substances have the same vapour pressure.

Depression in freezing point ΔTf – ΔTf = kf. m where kf = molal freezing point depression constant.

kf Cryoscopic constant.

Osmosis – It is a spontaneous process by which the solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a solution of low concentration to a solution of higher concentration.

Osmotic pressure – The pressure that must be applied to the solution to stop the influx of the solvent (to stop osmosis) through a semipermeable membrane is called osmotic pressure.
π = CRT

Isotonic solutions – Two solutions having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature are called isotonic solutions.

Reverse osmosis (RO) – It can be defined as a process in which a solvent passes through a semipermeable membrane in the opposite direction of osmosis, when subjected to a hydrostatic pressure greater than the osmotic pressure.

van’t Hoff factor (i) – It is defined as the ratio of the actual molar mass to the abnormal molar mass of the solute.

αdissociation = \(\frac{i-1}{n-1}\)

αassociation = \(\frac{(1-i) n}{n-1}\)

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 10 Chemical Bonding

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 10 Chemical Bonding Notes

Chemical bonds – The interatomic forces which holds the constituent atoms/ions together in a molecule are called chemical bonds.

Kossel-Lewis approach – Elements other than noble gases, try to attain the completely filled electronic configuration by losing, gaining or sharing one or more electrons from their outer shell.

Octet rule – The atoms transfer or share electrons so that all atoms involved in chemical bonding obtain 8 electrons in their outer shell.

Covalent bond – This type of mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two combining or more pairs of electrons between two combining atoms results in the formation of a chemical bond called a covalent bond.

Formal charge – Formal charge of an atom in a molecule is the electrical charge difference between the valence electron in an isolated atom and the number of electrons assigned to that atom in the lewis structure.
Formal charge –
\(\mathrm{N}_{\mathrm{V}}-\left[\mathrm{N}_{l}+\frac{\mathrm{N}_{b}}{2}\right]\)

Ionic bond (or) electrovalent bond – The bond formed by the complete transfer of electrons leads to the formation of cation and an anion which are held together by the electrostatic attractive force.

Coordinate covalent bond – In the bond formation, one of the combining atoms donates a pair of electrons and these electrons are shared by both the combining atoms. These type of bonds are called coordinate covalent bond.

Bond length – The distance between the nuclei of the two covalently bonded atoms is called bond length.

Bond order – The number of bonds formed between the two bonded atoms in a molecule is called the bond order.

Bond angle – A fixed angle created by the directional nature of the two covalent bonds which is between the two bonds in a molecule is called bond angle.

Bond enthalpy – It is defined as the minimum amount of energy required to break one mole of a particular bond in the molecule in their gaseous state.

Resonance – The lewis structures which differ only in the position of bonding and lone pair of electrons are called resonance structures and this phenomenon is called resonance.

Dipole moment – µ = q x 2d, where q = charge, 2d= distance between the two charges.

Unit of dipole moment – Debye unit (D), 1 Debye = 3.336 x 10-30 C m (C m = coulomb metre).

Non polar molecules – Molecules that have zero dipole moment are called non polar molecules. For example, H2, O2, F2.

Polar molecules – Molecules that have dipole moment value are called polar molecules. For example, HF, HCl, NO, CO.

Electronegativity difference

If XA – XB = 1.7, the bond A – B has 50% ionic character
IF XA -XB > 1.7, the bond A – B > 50% ionic character
IF XA – XB < 1.7, the bond A – B < 50% ionic character

Polarisation – A distortion in the electron cloud of the anion and its electron density drift towards the cation which results in some sharing of the valence electrons between these ions. Thus, a partial covalent character is developed between them. This phenomenon is called polarisation.

Fajan’s rule – The extent of polarisation in an ionic compound is given by Fajan’s rule.

  • To show greater covalent character, both the cation and anion should have high charge on them.
  • The smaller cation and larger anion show greater covalent character due to the greater extent of polarisation.
  • Cation having ns2 np6 nd10 configuration show greater polarising power than the cations with ns2np(> configuration. Hence, they show great covalent character.

VSEPR theory – Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory: It is useful in predicting the shape of the molecules.

The repulsive interaction between the electron pairs – lp – lp > lp – bp > bp – bp lp = long pair, bp = bond pair

Shapes of molecules predicted by VSEPR theory –
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 10 Chemical Bonding Notes 1

Sigma bond (σ) – When two atomic orbitals overlap linearly along the axis, the resultant bond is called a bond.

Pi bond (π) – When two atomic orbitals overlap sideways, the resultant covalent bond is called pi bond (n bond).

Hybridisation – It is a process of mixing of atomic orbitals of the same atom with comparable energy to form equal number of new equivalent orbitals with same energy.

Types of hybridisation with shape and examples
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 10 Chemical Bonding Notes 2

Bond order – It is the half difference of number of electrons present in bonding molecular orbitals and the number of electrons present in antibonding molecular orbitals.
Bond order = \(\frac{\mathrm{N}_{b}-\mathrm{N}_{a}}{2}\)

LCAO – Linear combination of atomic orbitals.

ψ bonding – ψA + ψB

ψ antibonding – ψA ψB

Metallic bonding – The forces that keep the atoms of the metal so closely in a metallic crystal constitute is known as metallic bond (or) electronic bond.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 11 Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 11 Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry Notes

Organic chemistry – It is the study of compounds of carbon.

Catenation – The tendency of an atom to form a chain of bonds with the atoms of the same element is called catenation.

Functional group – It is an atom or a specific combination of bonded atoms that react in a irrespective of the organic molecule in which it is present.

Homologous series – A series of organic compounds each containing a characteristic functional group and the successive members differ from each other in a molecular formula by a CH2 group is called homologous series.

Alkanes – CnH2n + 2

Alkenes – CnH2n

Alkynes- CnH2n-2

IUPAC – International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

Nuclear substituted aromatic compound – These are the compounds in which the functional group is directly attached to the benzene ring. These are derivatives of benzene.

Molecular formula of an organic compound – It is the simplest, least informative representation, showing the ratio of atoms present.

Structural formula of an organic compound – It is the formula that shows the way of atoms in a compound comiected to each other.

Molecular models – These are physical devices that are used for a better visualisation and perception of three dimensional shapes of organic molecules.

Three dimensional representation of organic molecule – The simplest convention is solid and dashed wedge formula in which 3-D image of a molecule can be perceived from two dimensional picture.

Fisher projection formula – This s a method of representing three dimensional structures in two dimension.

Saw horse projection formula – The bond between two carbon atoms is drawn diagonally and slightly elongated. The lower left hand carbon is considered lying towards the front and the upper right hand carbon is considered lying towards the back.

Newman projection formula – In this formula, the molecules are viewed from the front along the carbon-carbon bond axis.

Isomerism – It is a phenomenon in which two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties are there.

Isomers – Compounds exhibiting the isomerism are called isomers.

Constitutional isomers – These isomers have same molecular formula but differ in their bonding sequence.

Chain (or) nuclear (or) skeletal isomerism – These isomers differ in the way in which the carbon atoms are bonded to each other in a carbon chain.

Position isomerism – Compounds with the same molecular formula and carbon skeleton but differ in the position of substituent are said to exhibit position isomerism.

Functional isomerism – Different compounds having the same molecular formula but different functional groups are said to exhibit functional isomerism.

Metamerism – It is a special kind of structural isomerism arises due to the unequal distribution of carbon atoms on either side of the functional group or different alkyl groups attached to the either side of the same functional group and having the same molecular formula.

Tautomerism – It is a special type of functional isomerism in which a single compound exists in two readily interconvertible structures that differ markedly in the relative position of atleast one atomic nucleus, generally hydrogen.

Stereoisomerism – The phenomenon in which the isomers which have same bond connectivity but different arrangement of groups or atoms in space in known as stereoisomerism.

Geometrical isomerism – The phenomenon in which the stereoisomers which have different arrangement of groups or atoms around a rigid framework of double bonds.

Cis isomer – It is the one in which two similar groups are on the same side of the double bond.

Trans isomer – It is the one in which two similar groups are on the opposite side of the double bond.

Optical isomerism – Compounds having same physical and chemical property but differ only in the rotation of plane of the polarised light are known as optical isomers and the phenomenon is known as optical isomerism.

Dextro rotatory – The optical isomer which rotates the plane polarised light to the right or in clockwise direction is said to be dextro rotatory.

Leavo rotatory – The optical isomer which rotates the plane polarised light to the left or in . anti-clockwise direction is said to be leavo rotatory.

Enantiomers – The optical isomers which rotate the plane polarised light with equal angle but in opposite direction are known as enantiomers.

Chiral carbon – A carbon atom whose tetravalency is satisfied by four different substituents is called asymmetric carbon or chiral carbon.

Sublimation – The process in which the substances on heaving converted directly from solid to vapour without melting is known as sublimation.

Azeotropes – Compounds which are constant boiling mixtures.

Extraction – The process of removing a substance from its aqueous solution by shaking with a suitable organic solvent is termed extraction.

Chromatography – It is selective distribution of the mixture of organic substances between a stationary phase and a moving phase (or) chromatography is defined as a technique for the separation of a mixture brought about by differential movement of the individual compound through porous medium under the influence of moving solvent.

\(R_{f}=\frac{\text { Distance moved by the substance from base line }(X)}{\text { Distance moved by the solvent from base line }(Y)}\)

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 12 Basic Concepts of Organic Reactions

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 12 Basic Concepts of Organic Reactions Notes

Organic reactions – Substrate is an organic molecule reacts with reagent, which may be an organic, inorganic or any agent like heat, photon etc that brings about the chemical change to form a product. This is known as organic reactions.

Mechanism of the reaction – The series of simple steps which collectively represent the chemical change, from substrate to product is called as the mechanism of the reaction.

Type of fission of a covalent bonds – (i) Homolytic fission, and (ii) Heterolytic fission.

Homolytic cleavage –

  • Homolytic cleavage is the process in which a covalent bond breaks symmetrically in such way that each of the bonded atoms retains one electron.
  • This type of cleavage occurs under high temperature or in the presence of UV-light.
  • In such molecules, the cleavage of bonds results into free radicals.
  • Free radicals are short lived and highly reactive species.

Free radical initiators – The type of reagents that promote homolytic cleavage in substrate are called as free radical initiators.

Examples for free radical initiators –

  • Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)
  • Benzoyl peroxide

Heterolytic cleavage –

  • Heterolytic cleavage is the process in which a covalent bond breaks unsymmetrically such that one of the bonded atoms retains the bonded pair of electrons.
  • It results in the formation of a cation and an anion.

Carbocation – In a carbocation, the carbon atom bearing positive charge. It is sp2 hybridised and hence it has a planar structure.

Carbanion – In a carbanion,, the carbon atom bearing negative charge. It is sp3 hybridised and hence it is pyramidal in shape.

Nucleophiles – Nucleophiles are reagents that has high affinity for electropositive centers. They possess an atom has an unshared pair of electrons. They are usually negatively charged ions or electron rich neutral molecules.

Nucleophilic reagents – Ammonia, amines, water, alcohols, ethers, hydrogen sulphide, thiols.

Electrophiles – Electrophiles are reagents that are attracted towards negative charge or electron rich center. They are either positively charged ions or electron deficient neutral molecules.

Electrophilic reagents – Carbon dioxide, Aluminium chloride, borontrifluoriuc and ferric chloride.

Electron movement in organic reactions – There are three types of electron movement,

  1. Lone pair becomes a bonding pair.
  2. Bonding pair becomes a lone pair.
  3. a bond breaks and becomes another bond.

Electron displacement effects in covalent bonds – Electron displacement effects in covalent bonds occurs due to the presence of an atom or group of different electronegativity or under the influence of some outside attaching group. The electron displacements are categorized into, Inductive effects, Resonance effect, electromeric effect and hyper conjugation.

Inductive effect (I) – It is defined as the change in the polarization of a covalent bond due to the presence of adjacent bonded atoms or groups in the molecule.

+1 effect – Atoms or groups which lose electron towards a carbon atoms are said to have a +1 effect. Example, (CH3)3C-, (CH3)2CH-, CH3-CH2-, CH3

-I effect – Atoms or groups which draw electrons away from a carbon atom one said to have a -I effect. Example, -NO2, F, Cl, Br, I , -OH, C6H5

Electromeric effect – The electromeric effect refers to the polarity produced in a multiple bonded compound when it is attacked by a reagent when a double or a triple bond is exposed to an attack by an electrophile the two n electrons which from the 7t bond are completely transferred to one atom or the other.

Resonance or mesomeric effect – Certain organic compounds can be represented by more than one structure and they differ only in the position of bonding and lone pair of electrons. Such structure are called resonance (or) canonical structure. This phenomenon is also called resonance effect.

Positive resonance effect – Those atoms or groups which lose electrons towards a carbon atom are said to have a + M or + R effect.

Example, -Cl, -Br, -I, -NH2, -NR2, -OH, -OCH2

Negative resonance effect – Those atoms or groups which draw electrons away from a carbon atom are said to have a -M or -R effect.

Example:
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 12 Basic Concepts of Organic Reactions Notes 1

Hyper conjugation – The delocalization of electron of a-bond is called as hyper conjugation.

Substitution reaction – In this reaction an atom or a group of atoms attached to a carbon atom is replaced by a new atom or a groups of atoms.

Addition reaction – It is a characteristic reaction of an unsaturated compound. In this reaction two molecules combine to give a single product.

Elimination reaction – In this reaction two substituents are eliminated from the molecule, and a new C-C double bond is formed between the carbon atoms to which the eliminated atoms\groups are previously attached.

Oxidation and reduction reactions – Most of the oxidation reaction of organic compounds involves gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen. Reduction involves gain of hydrogen and loss of oxygen.

Functional group inter conversion – Organic synthesis involves functional group inter conversions. A particular functional group can be converted into other functional group by reacting it with suitable reagents.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Notes