Laxmi

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary American English and British English, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary American English and British English

Give the American English word for the highlighted British English word in the following sentences:

Question 1.
I’ll be staying at my uncle’s pace only for a fortnight.
Answer:
two weeks

Question 2.
Nobody uses the staircases anymore, lift is preferred instead.
Answer:
elevator

Question 3.
Soccer has become popular in India these days.
Answer:
football

Question 4.
When the power is shut down, torch is of great use
Answer:
flashlight

Question 5.
That shop is more closeby.
Answer:
store

Question 6.
We were late that day as our car’s tyre punctured.
Answer:
flat tire

Question 7.
What you are searching for must be in that cupboard.
Answer:
closet

Question 8.
Those are beautiful curtains.
Answer:
drapes

Question 9.
The wedding has been planned during this autumn.
Answer:
fall

Question 10.
Please keep all the luggages in the boot.
Answer:
trunk

Question 11.
Please buy me those crisps.
Answer:
potato chips

Question 12.
We shall plant lilies in our garden today.
Answer:
yard

Question 13.
The street where she stays is near the flyover.
Answer:
overpass

Question 14.
The lorry carrying water passes through this street daily.
Answer:
truck

Question 15.
Our kid is allergic to nappy.
Answer:
diaper

Question 16.
He goes to college in the motorbike.
Answer:
motorcycle

Question 17.
You better make a timetable and study your daily lessons.
Answer:
schedule

Question 18.
Please maintain a proper queue to receive your forms.
Answer:
line

Question 19.
Please use the indicators appropriately in this lane as it is accident-prone.
Answer:
blinkers

Question 20.
It is always better to share the slightest details with your barrister.
Answer:
attorney

Give the British English word for the highlighted American English word in the following sentences:

Question 1.
The gasoline tank is empty.
Answer:
petrol

Question 2.
He has a checking account in the Royal Bank of Scotland.
Answer:
current account

Question 3.
Using a cotton swab is not advisable.
Answer:
cotton bud

Question 4.
Ebe had a full plate of French fries.
Answer:
potato chips

Question 5.
The baby was squalling in its crib.
Answer:
cot

Question 6.
Note that only quarter note rhythm is given to the strings.
Answer:
crotchet

Question 7.
Sieve the all-purpose flour before adding the beaten egg to it.
Answer:
plain flour

Question 8.
I am not too sure about the zip code of that locality.
Answer:
pin code

Question 9.
The baby enjoys an evening outing in the stroller daily.
Answer:
perambulator

Question 10.
Most of the electrical outlet needs to be repaired.
Answer:
power point

Question 11.
Did you check the mail box?
Answer:
post box

Question 12.
Does this skirt go with my jumper?
Answer:
pinafore

Question 13.
I cannot find any of my clothes pin kept in the box.
Answer:
peg

Question 14.
Someone should have noted the car’s license plate.
Answer:
numberplate

Question 15.
I changed my baby’s diaper after giving him a wash.
Answer:
nappy 16. lucky dip

Question 16.
The child was ecstatic at the bauble she won at the grab bag.
Answer:
lorry

Question 17.
The truck overturned and crashed into the median.
Answer:
lift

Question 18.
The elevator isn’t working.
Answer:
kennel

Question 19.
The dog house is quite spacious.
Answer:
holiday

Question 20.
I hope to go on a vacation this summer.
Answer:
holdall

Question 21.
It is wise to buy a carryall for the trek.
Answer:
holiday

Question 22.
The secret of my robust garden is my mother’s green thumb.
Answer:
green finger

Question 23.
The freight train was partially derailed.
Answer:
goods train

Question 24.
The lawn looks lush green.
Answer:
garden

Question 25.
I live in the first floor.
Answer:
ground floor

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Syllabification, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Syllabification

Read the following rules to answer the questions given below.
Every syllable has only one vowel sound.

Rule 1: One-syllable Words. Never divide a one-syllable word. Eg: help, said, take, hop
Rule 2: Digraphs (Ch, Cl, PI, Gr,..) Digraphs are never separated. Eg: buck.le, cloth.ing, feath.er
Rule 3: Compound Words. Divide compound words between the words. Eg: cup.board, pin.hole
Rule 4: If one consonant comes between two vowels, divide after the long vowel if the vowel is long or after the consonant if the vowel is short.
Examples: Long Vowel—bo.nus, la.bor and Short Vowel—silver, grav.el
Rule 5: When two consonants come between vowels in a word, split them. Examples: kit.ten, pup.pet f
Rule 6: When two vowels are together in a word and are sounded separately, divide the vowels. Examples: di.et, cre.ate, ra.di.o
When two vowels are together in a word and make one sound, do not divide between the vowels. Examples: spread, bounce, prowl
Rule 7: When a word contains a prefix, divide the word between the prefix and the base or root word. Examples: re.in.stall, un.plug, o.ver.cast, in.ter.change, re.start
Rule 8: When a word contains a suffix, divide the word between base or root word and the suffix. Examples: soap.y, mind.ful, sing.ing, sheep.ish
Rule 9: When a word ends in le preceded by a consonant, divide the word before the consonant. Examples: kin.dle, man.tle, rum.ble, dim.ple

Exercise:

Question 1.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘ingratitude’.
(a) ingra-titude
(b) in-grat-i-tude
(c) in-gr-at-i-tu-de
(d) ingrat-i-tu-de
Answer:
(b) in-grat-i-tude

Question 2.
Choose the correct syllabification for “accident”.
(a) ac-ci-dent
(b) acc-i-dent
(c) acci-dent
(d) acc-id-ent
Answer:
(a) ac-ci-dent

Question 3.
Choose the correct syllabification for “argumentative”?
(a) arg-u-men-ta-tive
(b) ar-gu-men-ta-tive
(c) argu-men-ta-tive
(d) arg-umen-ta-tive
Answer:
(b) ar-gu-men-ta-tive

Question 4.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘dramatic’.
(a) dram-at-ic
(b) dra-m-atic
(c) dr-ama-tic
(d) dra-mat-ic
Answer:
(d) dra-mat-ic

Question 5.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘institution’.
(a) m-sti-tu-tion
(b) ins—ti-tu-tion
(c) insti-tu-tion
(d) in-stit-u-tion
Answer:
(a) m-sti-tu-tion

Question 6.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘inspiration’.
(a) ins-pi-ra-tion
(b) ins-pir-a-tion
(c) in-spi-ra-tion
(d) inspi-ra-tion
Answer:
(c) in-spi-ra-tion

Question 7.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘simultaneous’.
(a) si-mult-a-ne-ous
(b) si-mul-ta-ne-ous
(c) sim-ul-ta-ne-ous
(d) si-mul-tan-eous
Answer:
(b) si-mul-ta-ne-ous

Question 8.
Choose the correct syLlabification for ‘eradicate’.
(a) er-a-di-cate
(b) e-rad-i-cate
(c) e-ra-di-cate
(d) era-di-cate
Answer:
(c) e-ra-di-cate

Question 9.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘audacious’.
(a) au-da-ci-ous
(b) au-da-cious
(c) au-da-ci-o-us
(d) auda-ci-ous
Answer:
(b) au-da-cious

Question 10.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘fortunate’.
(a) fort-un-ate
(b) for-tun-ate
(c) fort-u-nate
(d) for-tu-nate
Answer:
(d) for-tu-nate

Question 11.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘facilitate’.
(a) fa-ci-li-t-ate
(b) fa-cil-i-taLe
(c) fac-il-i-tate
(a) fa-ci-li-tate
Answer:
(b) fa-cil-i-taLe

Question 12.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘diligence’. :
(a) dil-i-gence
(b) di-li-gence
(c) dili-gen-ce
(d) di-hg-ence
Answer:
(a) dil-i-gence

Question 13.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘cloistered’.
(a) cloi-stered
(b) ci-ol-ster-ed
(c) cloi-ste-red
(d) cloiste-red
Answer:
(a) cloi-stered

Question 14.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘magnificent’.
(a) mag-nif-icent
(b) ma-gni-fi-cent
(c) mag-nif-i-cent
(a) mag-ni-fi-cent
Answer:
(c) mag-nif-i-cent

Question 15.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘philology’.
(a) phi-loI-o-gy
(b) phil-ol-ogy
(c) phil-ol-o-gy
(d) phil-olo-gy
Answer:
(a) phi-loI-o-gy

Question 16.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘detect’.
(a) det-ec-t
(b) de-te-et
(c) det-ect
(d) de-tect
Answer:
(d) de-tect

Question 17.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘eccentric’.
(a) ec-cent-ric
(b) ec-cen-tric
(c) ecc-en-tric
(d) ecc-ent-ric
Answer:
(b) ec-cen-tric

Question 18.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘expression’.
(a) ex-pre-ssion
(b) ex-press-ion
(c) ex-pres-sion
(d) exp-rcs-sion
Answer:
(c) ex-pres-sion

Question 19.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘particular’.
(a) par-ti-cul-ar
(b) part-ic-uI-ar
(c) par-ti-cu-lar
(d) par-tic-u-lar
Answer:
(d) par-tic-u-lar

Question 20.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘censure’.
(a) c-en-sure
(b) cen-sure
(c) cen-su-re
(d) ce-ns-ure
Answer:
(b) cen-sure

Question 21.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘democratic’.
(a) de-mo-era-tic
(b) demo-cratic
(c) dem-o-crat-ic
(d) demo-crat-ic
Answer:
(c) dem-o-crat-ic

Question 22.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘establish’.
(a) es-tab-lish
(b) es-ta-blish
(c) est-ab-lish
(d) es-tab-li-sh
Answer:
(a) es-tab-lish

Question 23.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘communication’.
(a) corn-mu-ni-ca-lion
(b) corn-mu-ni-cat-ion
(c) com-mu-n-ic-ation
(d) com-mu-nic-a-tion
Answer:
(a) corn-mu-ni-ca-lion

Question 24.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘president’.
(a) pre-side-nt
(b) pre-sid-ent
(c) pre-si-dent
(d) pres-i-dent
Answer:
(c) pre-si-dent

Question 25.
Choose the correct syllabification for ‘confidence’.
(a) con-fide-nce
(b) con-fid-ence
(c) conf-i-dence
(d) con-fi-dence
Answer:
(d) con-fi-dence

Identify the number of syllables in the following words:

Question 1.
Choose the tn-syllabic word.
(a) unleashing (b) futility (c) mushroom (d) battered
Answer:
(b) futility

Question 2.
The number of syllables in ‘ceaseless’ is
(a) di (b) tri (c) mono (d) tetra
Answer:
(a) di

Question 3.
The number of syllables in ‘sympathetic’ is
(a) tri (b) di (c) penta (d) tetra
Answer:
(d) tetra

Question 4.
The number of syllables in ‘wrong’ is
(a) poly (b) di (c) mono (d) tetra
Answer:
(c) mono

Question 5.
Choose the tetra-syllabic word.
(a) geographical (b) organisation (c) fantastic (d) comprehensive
Answer:
(a) geographical

Question 6.
The number of syllables in ‘participant’ is
(a) di (b) mono (c) tetra (d) penta
Answer:
(c) tetra

Question 7.
The number of syllables in ‘autobiography’ is
(a) poly (b) tri (c) penta (ð) tetra
Answer:
(a) poly

Question 8.
Identify the tetra-syllabic word.
(a) taxi (b) calcium (c) calculation (d) dynamic
Answer:
(c) calculation

Question 9.
The number of syllables in ‘experiment’ is
(a) mono (b) tri (c) penta (d) tetra
Answer:
(d) tetra

Question 10.
The number of syllables in ‘entourage’ is
(a) poly (b) di (c) tri (d) tetra
Answer:
(c) tri

Question 11.
The number of syllables in ‘protect’ is .
(a) di (b) poly (c) penta (d) tetra
Answer:
(a) di

Question 12.
Choose the poly-syllabic word.
(a) misappropriation (b) organization (c) fantastic (d) establishmentarianism
Answer:
(d) establishmentarianism

Question 13.
The number of syllables in ‘countrymen’ is
(a) mono (b) di (c) tri (d) tetra
Answer:
(c) tri

Question 14.
Choose the tetra-syllabic word
(a) permitted (b) comprehensive (c) appreciation (d) important
Answer:
(b) comprehensive

Question 15.
The number of syllables in ‘parchment’ is
(a) di (b) poly (c) penta (d) tetra
Answer:
(a) di

Question 16.
The number of syllables in ‘ultimately’ is
(a) di (b) penta (c) tetra (d) mono
Answer:
(c) tetra

Question 17.
Choose the trisyllabic word.
(a) advantage (b) comprehensive (c) appreciation (d) uncomfortable
Answer:
(a) advantage

Question 18.
The number of syllables in ‘legacy’ is
(a) di (b) tri (c) mono (d) tetra
Answer:
(b) tri

Question 19.
The number of syllables in ‘longevity is
(a) mono (b) tri (c) poly (d) tetra
Answer:
(d) tetra

Question 20.
Choose the pentasyllabic word.
(a) observer (b) facilitate (c) intelligent (d) simultaneous
Answer:
(d) simultaneous

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Question Tags, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Question Tags

Add appropriate question tags to the following sentences.

Question 1.
You are coming tomorrow,?
Answer:
aren’t you

Question 2.
You can’t understand what I’m trying to say,
Answer:
can you

Question 3.
You didn’t sleep well last night,?
Answer:
did you

Question 4.
He is a dentist,?
Answer:
isn’t he

Question 5.
Kumar repaired the laptop,?
Answer:
didn’t he

Question 6.
Does salt dissolve in water,?
Answer:
doesn’t it

Question 7.
We shall go to Pondicherry again,
Answer:
shall we

Question 8.
They were there in the theatre,?
Answer:
weren’t they

Question 9.
Malar has bought a car,?
Answer:
hasn’t she

Question 10.
They usually have dinner at 8’clock,
Answer:
don’t they

Question 11.
Kamalan and Kiran have got a three-room flat,
Answer:
haven’t they

Question 12.
You said you performed well in the interview,
Answer:
did they call you

Question 13.
When you worked hard you always scored well,
Answer:
haven’t you

Question 14.
They got lost in the tourist place,
Answer:
didn’t they

Question 15.
He has to be sorry for his bad behavior,
Answer:
shouldn’t he

Question 16.
You haven’t seen Sanskriti,?
Answer:
have you

Question 17.
You’ll come to my birthday party,
Answer:
won’t you

Question 18.
Let’s take the next bus to Mylapore,
Answer:
shall we

Question 19.
Shreya sings well,?
Answer:
doesn’t she

Question 20.
Swami cannot high jump,?
Answer:
can she

Question 21.
You have completed the project,?
Answer:
haven’t you

Question 22.
He had lost his horse,?
Answer:
hadn’t he

Question 23.
Does she have no house,?
Answer:
has she

Question 24.
They won’t complete the work in time,
Answer:
will they

Question 25.
You were interested in races when you were young,
Answer:
weren’t you

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Prepositions, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Prepositions

Choose the appropriate preposition to complete the sentence:

Question 1.
I’ll meet you ……………….. the evening.
(a) at (b) in (c) from
Answer:
(b) in

Question 2.
I’ll call you ……………….. eight o’clock.
(a) on (b) over (c) at
Answer:
(c) at

Question 3.
We walked ……………….. the edge of the forest.
(a) up to (b) against (c) over
Answer:
(a) up to

Question 4.
Immediately ……………….. passing his exams he is going to visit his grandparents.
(a) before (b) during (c) after
Answer:
(c) after

Question 5.
Mohan has been missing ……………….. last month.
(a) from (b) since (c) on
Answer:
(b) since

Question 6.
They picked the bell pins ……………….. great care.
(a) between (b) along (c) with
Answer:
(c) with

Question 7.
I don’t know how she manages her daily expenses. She has nothing ……………….. her pension.
(a) on (b) besides (c) between
Answer:
(b) besides

Question 8.
A few days after the accident she recovered ……………….. the injuries.
(a) for (b) along (c) from
Answer:
(c) from

Question 9.
There is a bridge ……………….. the river.
(a) across (b) towards (c) of
Answer:
(a) across

Question 10.
Shall we meet at ……………….. 5.00 pm for the concert?
(a) on (b) between (c) at
Answer:
(c) at

Question 11.
……………….. all the chaos, Rohan alone had the presence of mind to bring some water for the old man.
(a) by (b) during (c) amidst
Answer:
(c) amidst

Question 12.
When will you stop getting ……………….. trouble?
(a) into (b) beneath (c) towards
Answer:
(a) into

Question 13.
After the accident, she tried to think it ……………….. to recollect how it happened.
(a) in (b) over (c) of
Answer:
(b) over

Question 14.
We got the movie tickets just ……………….. it started.
(a) before (b) with (c) from
Answer:
(a) before

Question 15.
There were a lot of people ……………….. our party.
(a) for (b) at (c) with
Answer:
(b) at

Question 16.
Does Mahesh still work ……………….. the Post Office?
(a) far (b) with (c) at
Answer:
(c) at

Question 17.
The Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I ……………….. 4th October 1957.
(a) under (b) for (c) on
Answer:
(c) on

Question 18.
The Great Fire of London happened ……………….. the morning of 2nd September in 1666.
(a) of (b) in (c) with
Answer:
(b) in

Question 19.
……………….. her illness she attempted and cleared the exams.
(a) in (b) on (c) despite
Answer:
(c) despite

Question 20.
That cave is ……………….. the river bank.
(a) beneath (b) along (c) from
Answer:
(b) along

Question 21.
There has always been major differences ……………….. our ideologies.
(a) at (b) in (c) between
Answer:
(c) between

Question 22.
……………….. you score well in your exams, I am not going to buy you a bicycle.
(a) on (b) until (c) at
Answer:
(b) until

Question 23.
Marina beach is popular ……………….. tourist.
(a) for (b) among (c) by
Answer:
(b) among

Question 24.
Are you still thinking ……………….. that incident?
(a) before (b) during (c) about
Answer:
(c) about

Question 25.
On seeing me coming the squirrel climbed swiftly ……………….. the tree.
(a) up (b) by (c) over
Answer:
(a) up

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Modals, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Modals

General Characteristics Of Modals
1. Modals are never used alone. A Principal verb is either present or implied;
as—
I can sing. He will help you.

2. Modals do not change according to the number or person of the subject;
as—
I can. We can. You can. He can. They can. etc.
I may. We may. You may. He may. They may. etc.

3. Modals have no Infinitive, Present Participle or Past Participle forms.

4. Modals cannot be used in all the tenses. When a modal does not fall in this pattern, it works as a Principal Verb;
as—
God willed so.
Henry needs a pen.
Malathi dared to go into the dark forest.
(Here will, need and dare are used as main verbs)

Relationship of Modals with Tenses
(i) May, can, shall and will are in present forms while might, could, should and would are their past forms.
The two forms express different meanings, but usually, no difference of time, e.g. the difference between may and might is often that of a degree of probability,

as—
Sheela may come today. {possibility/likely to happen)
Sandra might come today. (remote possibility/less likely)

(ii) However, if the verb in the main clause is in the past tense, the forms might, could, should and would serve as regular past tenses;
as—
1. He said, “I can help you.”
He said that he could help her.
2. You said, “She will come back soon.”
You said that she would come back soon.
3. Sheetal said, “May I use this pen, madam?”
Sheetal asked her teacher if she might use that pen.

(iii) When we want to express the past time in verb phrases involving modals, we use the Present Perfect Tense of the Principal Verb; as-
Senthil must have reached home by now.
You ought to have told me all the facts.

Quasi/Semi Modals
Quasi modals are also called semi-modals. There are four quasi modals: ‘used to’, ‘need to’, ‘dare to’ and ‘ought to’.

Question 1.
Supply suitable modal/quasi-modal verb for the following sentences.
(a) ________ I have that pen?
(b) We ________ perform our duties sincerely.
(c) I think you ________ learn it by heart.
(d) ________ I go for swimming every weekend.
Answer:
(a) Can
(b) must
(c) should
(d) used to

Question 2.
Supply suitable modal/quasi-modal verb for the following sentences
(a) ________ you mind if I borrowed your car for a day.
(b) He ________ win the race.
(c) ________ you come for a movie tonight?
(d) I ________ fly to Switzerland next week.
Answer:
(a) would
(b) can
(c) Will
(d) might

Question 3.
Supply suitable modal/quasi-modal verb for the following sentences:
(a) If you stopped shouting, I ________ get some work done.
(b) They knelt in front of the child who ________ one day rule their country.
(c) Life ________ be more interesting when I was a child.
(d) I ________ probably go out tonight.
Answer:
(a) might
(b) would
(c) used to
(d) will

Question 4.
Supply suitable modal/quasi-modal verb for the following sentences.
(a) There ________ be no food and drink on the premises.
(b) ________ we tell him about our idea?
(c) You ________ smoke in a gas station.
(d) They ________ go near the cage, that lion is very ferocious.
Answer:
(a) shall
(b) should
(c) mustn’t
(d) dare not

Question 5.
Supply suitable modal/quasi-modal verb for the following sentences
(a) You ________ drive rashly.
(b) I ________ attend the party tomorrow as my exams are starting.
(c) There are chances that it ________ rain by the time you reach there.
(d) You ________ take your umbrella. It is not going to rain.
Answer:
(a) shouldn’t
(b) can’t
(c) might
(d) needn’t

Fill in with quasi-modal verbs.
1. I ………………….. not go to office on alternate Saturdays.
2. He is getting ………………….. the new environment.
3. How ………………….. you ask me such a question?
4. We ………………….. arrive at the airport at 4.00 pm.
5. You ………………….. shout at Rahul. He is too young to understand things.
6. He doesn’t ………………….. argue with the company manager.
7. My mother ………………….. have called; I told her I would be late.
8. The manger ………………….. that report by tomorrow.
9. You ………………….. to read in such dim light.
10. He wasn’t ………………….. so much work.
Answer:
1. need
2. used to
3. dare
4. ought to
5. shouldn’t
6. dare to
7. needn’t
8. needs
9. ought not to
10. used to

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Euphemism/Substitute Words/Phrases With Polite Alternatives, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Euphemism/Substitute Words/Phrases With Polite Alternatives

Replace the underlined word with an appropriate euphemism/substitute word Or phrases/Polite Alternatives

Question 1.
His death was a shock to his friends.
Answer:
His big sleep was a shock to his friends.

Question 2.
He died in his sleep.
Answer:
He passed away in his sleep.

Question 3.
The Indian court doesn’t permit human beings to be euthanized for any reason.
Answer:
The Indian court doesn’t permit human beings to be put to sleep for any reason.

Question 4.
The vet is going to kill my dog this evening.
Answer:
The vet is going to put my dog to sleep this evening.

Question 5.
The Sports Meet is for the handicapped.
Answer:
The Sports Meet is for the differently-abled.

Question 6.
The criminals were kept in high security in the prison camp.
Answer:
The criminals were kept in high security in the relocation centre.

Question 7.
Most of the youth were rebels during the British regime.
Answer:
Most of the youth were freedom fighters during the British regime.

Question 8.
Smoking a Cigarette is prohibited in public places.
Answer:
Smoking a torch of freedom is prohibited in public places.

Question 9.
Vimala is fat/heavy / over weight.
Answer:
Vimala is metabolically challenged/big-boned.

Question 10.
My spouse is my moral strength in all my endeavours.
Answer:
My better half is my moral strength in all my endeavours.

Question 11.
Peter is having a wash in the bathroom.
Answer:
Peter is having a wash in the restroom.

Question 12.
Rani had to undergo abortion for one of the twins because of medical reasons.
Answer:
Rani had to undergo selective reduction for one of the twins because of medical reasons.

Question 13.
Abortion is a crime.
Answer:
Pregnancy termination is a crime.

Question 14.
Unfortunately the eldest of the five siblings was born a male homo.
Answer:
Unfortunately the eldest of the five siblings was born a confirmed bachelor.

Question 15.
I dread genocide.
Answer:
I dread ethnic cleansing.

Question 16.
The coffin was made of teak wood.
Answer:
The bye-bye box was made of teak wood.

Question 17.
The twin boys aren’t poor.
Answer:
The twin boys aren’t economically disadvantaged.

Question 18.
Leela is broke. She just can’t afford such a luxury trip now.
Answer:
Leela has a temporary negative cash flow. She just can’t afford such a luxury trip now.

Question 19.
Raja and Ravi live in the slum.
Answer:
Raja and Ravi live in the substandard housing or culturally deprived neighbourhood.

Question 20.
Dhanush was caught for bribing.
Answer:
Dhanush was caught for managing company stakeholders.

Question 21.
The old people in my church are always honoured on World Elders Day.
Answer:
The senior citizens in my church are always honoured on World Elders Day.

Question 22.
The politicians have an exemption with the taxes.
Answer:
The politicians have an exemption with the User fees.

Question 23.
Some of the youth are still unemployed.
Answer:
Some of the youth are still between jobs.

Question 24.
Those below 18 are prohibited from consuming beer or liquor in a pub.
Answer:
Those below 18 are prohibited from consuming adult beverages in a pub.

Question 25.
Shirley is short.
Answer:
Shirley is vertically-challenged.

Question 26.
Kuttyma who was mentally retarded from her childhood survived till 49 because of her parents’ love.
Answer:
Kuttyma who was mentally challenged from her childhood survived till 49 because of her parents’ love.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Foreign Words and Phrases, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Foreign Words and Phrases

1. From French:
a. Avant-garde – This term applies to art, culture, and politics. It is when someone or something uses unusual or experimental ideas and challenges what people see as normal. For example, Lady GaGa is considered avant-garde for her fashion choices.

b. Bon voyage – This term is generally used to express well wishes to someone who is embarking on a trip or journey. For example, “Have a safe trip and bon voyage”

c. Deja vu – This is a popular phrase and at times is used incorrectly. Deja vu is the feeling that you have been through an experience or to a place before, though you never actually have. You are experiencing something for the first time, but in a way it feels familiar. “The journey gave me a sense of deja vu”

d. Faux pas – A faux pas is an embarrassing social mistake. For example, wearing all white to a wedding at which you are not the bride. “Sheena committed a faux pas at the wedding.”

e. RSVP – This is actually a French abbreviation for the phrase responders’ il Vous plait. ”It literally translates as “please respond.” This is most often used on an invitation to an event.

f. Ballet
This is a form of dance that is popular all over the world. It’s important to note how the word “ballet” is pronounced. Here you don’t pronounce the at the end. Instead, the second syllable should sound like “lay,” with the same vowel sound as the letter “a”.

Example: My niece Katy and nephew Kiran are in ballet class.

Here are a few other examples of French loanwords that end in “-et” but are pronounced like an “a” at the end: “buffet,” “gourmet,” “filet,” “chalet’ and even the car company “Chevrolet.”

g. Cafe
In English, this is the name for a small, usually informal restaurant. It is written both with the accent mark (cafe) and without it (cafe) in English.

“Cafe” comes from the French word “coffee,” but it’s also very similar to other words related to coffee in many other languages.

Also note that there’s a similar word, “cafeteria,” that causes some confusion. Generally, a cafeteria is like a small restaurant that is for a specific group of people. Cafeterias at schools or large companies are for the people who study or work there.

Example: I have only about 20 minutes, so I’ll just stop at a cafe for a quick lunch.

h. Croissant
Some of the most common loanwords are related to food. That’s because many foods are closely connected to a particular culture and other languages often don’t always have words for foods from other cultures.

A croissant is a type of pastry or bread that is light and flaky (leaves lots of little crumbs on your plate when you eat it). A similar type of bread in English is a “crescent roll.”

Example: Tina really loves to make croissants because they taste better than other types of bread.

i. Entrepreneur
This is definitely a word that you should hear pronounced, since it can be a little tricky even for native English speakers.

An entrepreneur is a person who starts their own company. Other common forms of the word include “entrepreneurship” (a noun) or “entrepreneurial (an adjective).

Example: Elon Musk, the man who started SpaceX and Tesla Motors, is one of the most famous entrepreneurs in the world, well-known for their discovery.

2. From Latin

a. Alma mater – An alma mater is a school or university that one has attended or graduated from. For example, “Yale is my alma mater.” It can also mean the school song and it literally translates as “loving mother.”

b. Quid pro quo – This term translates as “this for that.” It is used generally when two parties exchange something of value, e.g., “Terrorists do not do something for nothing, there is always quid pro quo involved.”

c. Status quo – This phrase means “the existing state of affairs.” It describes what a culture or particular group deem “normal.” For example, “The NGO tried to maintain the status quo.”

d. Genre
In French, this word means “kind” or “style.” In English, it’s used to describe a category of something, especially when talking about entertainment. You’ll especially hear people using this word to talk about books, movies and music.

Example: Rohan likes many types of music, but his favourite genre is heavy metal.

e. Rendezvous
In English, this word is used to describe either a place where people plan to meet, or the action of meeting a person at a specific time.

Example: We’re in a new city and I’m sure you want to explore it a bit. It’s 2:00 now, so let’s rendezvous back here at 6:00. Then we’ll go for dinner.

3. From German (Dutch)

a. Kindergarten
Translated literally, this word means “children’s garden.” It’s a common type of school in many parts of the world. Children often go to a year or two of kindergarten when they’re five years old before they start elementary school.

Example: Our daughter will be three next year, so we are trying to find a good kindergarten for her.

b. Waltz
A waltz is a type of formal dance. The word is also used to describe the type of music that plays during those dances and it can also be used as a verb to describe the action of performing this dance.

Example: My friends say that dancing the waltz is difficult, but I find it a cake walk.

c. Rucksack
A rucksack is another name for a backpack. “Ruck” comes from the German word Rucken (back) and Sack means a bag.
Example: Shilo is going to travel to Europe this summer, but he’s planning on taking one rucksack. He’ll have to pack carefully if he wants everything to fit!

d. Glitch
A glitch describes a small problem, but usually it’s a problem that doesn’t make it impossible to finish something.

Example: I planned to go downtown to meet with Beno, but I ran into & glitch ‘, the bus wasn’t running because it was a holiday. So I just took a cab instead.

e. Guerrilla
In Spanish, this word literally means “little war.” In both Spanish and English it can be used to describe an unofficial group of people fighting the government. In English, it’s most commonly used as an adjective, in phrases like “guerrilla warfare” or “guerrilla marketing.” Note that in Spanish, the “11” sound is different than in English. As a result, in English this word sounds basically the same as “gorilla,” the animal.

Example: The guerrilla fighters took control of the capital of the country, which gave them control of the government.

f. Macho
This word describes a person who is very strong or masculine. It can also be used to describe a person who is arrogant about his manhood. It’s also used in the name of a professional wrestler and a popular disco song from the 1970’s.

Example: Peter is a real macho guy, but that’s annoying sometimes. He says that “real men don’t cry,” but I think he’s wrong.

g. Patio
In English, “patio” generally describes an area outside a house which often has a table and chairs, but no roof.

Example: It was very hot today, so we decided to go out to the patio to drink a cold glass of milk shake.

h. Plaza
A “plaza” describes a public open area in a city, which can sometimes be called a “square.” Plaza is also used in the names of many shopping malls, corporate building areas or other large open areas.

Example: Mercy needed to buy some return gifts for her friends, so she went downtown to the new shopping plaza to check out some of the stores.

i. Siesta
A “siesta” is a nap that one takes in the middle of the day, especially after eating or while taking a break from work.
Example: I think I’ll take a quick siesta before I get back to work after lunch.

4. From Japanese
a. Karaoke
It is a form of entertainment in which people take turns to sing popular songs into a microphone over prerecorded backing tracks.

Example: David really likes singing karaoke, even though he doesn’t have an amazing voice. But that doesn’t matter—the important thing is to have fun with friends!

b. Karate
It describes a popular martial art that originated in Japan. There, the word “karate” means “empty hand,” since you don’t need any special equipment or weapons to do it.

Example: Nikita has a black belt in karate, so you’d better not try to steal her things.

c. Ninja
It means “spy” in Japanese, but in English it’s used to describe a person who can move and attack silently, without being seen. In modem use, people who can do something incredibly well are often called “ninjas”

Example: You should try Karan’s cookies—they’re delicious! Karan is a real baking ninja!

d. Origami
Origami is the art of folding small pieces of paper into interesting shapes.

Example: These days children are interested in learning origami. It’s good fun!

e. Tsunami
It is a gigantic (very large) sea wave that is usually caused by an earthquake. Unfortunately, the word has become more well-known ever since the 2004 south-east Asia tsunami and the 2011 Japan tsunami.

Example: The recent tsunamis in Asia killed hundreds and thousands of people.

5. From Chinese
a. Gung-ho
In Chinese this phrase means “work together,” but in English it’s used casually to express that you’re excited or enthusiastic about something. We generally use it as an adjective. Example: I was really gung-ho to eat dim sum, but when we got to the food joint it was closed.

b. Kungfu
It is another popular style of martial arts. In “kung fu”, generally fighters only use their hands and feet, but not weapons.

Example: I’m tired of bullies beating me up. I’m going to learn kung fu so I can defend myself if they attack me again!

c. Tofu
This is a word that originally started in Chinese (as “dou fu”). But before it was adopted into English, it passed through Japanese and became “tofu” In Chinese, “dou” means “bean” and “fu” means “rotten” or “sour.”

Example: This restaurant serves delicious vegetarian dishes, especially tofu.

d. Typhoon
This word finds its origin in the Chinese word “taifeng which means “big wind.” A typhoon is just another name for a hurricane or a cyclone.

Example: In 2014 Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines and caused a lot of devastation.

e. Yin and Yang
In Chinese, “yin” represents feminine, dark and night time, while “yang” represents the opposite: masculine, light and daytime things. In English, these words are used to represent any opposites.

Example: Mary is the yin to Paul’s yang. They’re complete opposites, but they have a happy marriage. I guess it’s true that “opposites attract”!

6. Some Important Words from Other Languages

a. Moped (from Swedish)
“Moped” is a combination of the Swedish words “motor” and “pedaler.” Those words are nearly the same as their English equivalents “motor” and “pedals.” It’s basically a bicycle with a motor.

Example: Last birthday, my father gifted me a moped.

b. Sheikh (from Arabic)
A “sheikh” is a ruler or leader of a group of people in Arab cultures. It’s used in English as a title for rulers in some countries, instead of words like “king” or “president.”

Example: When meeting sheikhs, many foreign leaders hold hands with them as a sign of respect or friendship.

c. Taekwondo (from Korean)

In Korean, “taekwondo” means “kick fist art” and in English it’s used to describe that popular martial art.

Example: I want to learn a martial art and I have chosen taekwondo.

FOREIGN WORDS	MEANING
ad nauseam	to a sickening degree
bonafide	genuine
carte blanche	unlimited authority
caveat emptor	let the buyer beware
en masse	in a large group
fait accompli	established fact
ipso facto	by the fact itself
modus operandi	method of operating
persona non grata	an unacceptable person
prima donna	a temperamental and conceited person
pro bono	done or donated without charge
quid pro quo	something for something, usually an equal exchange
status quo	the existing condition
carte blanche	unconditional authority to act as they please
esprit de corps	team spirit
id est	that is
entrepreneurs	business persons
genre	type
lingerie	nighties and undergarments
spiel	a glib speech intended to persuade someone
schmoozing	to have a friendly talk in order to manipulate a person
patio	an area outside the house without roof
Paparazzi	photographers of celebrities
Viva voce	An oral examination
Sine die	With no appointed date for resumption
Rapport	Close and harmonious relationship with mutual understanding
In toto	Entirely
En route	Via/on the way
Ad hoc	For the special objective

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Collocation, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Collocation

A collocation is made up of two or more words that are commonly used together in English. Think of collocations as words that usually go together. There are different kinds of collocations in English. Strong collocations are word pairings that are expected to come together. Good collocation examples of this type of word pairing are combinations with ‘make’ and ‘do’. You make a cup of tea, but you do your homework. Collocations are very common in business settings when certain nouns are routinely combined with certain verbs or adjectives. For example, draw up a contract, set a price, conduct negotiations, etc.

Here are a number of common collocations in English:

Verb Collocations
Some of the most common collocations involve verb + noun collocations used in everyday situations. Here are some examples of the types of verb collocations you will need to leam as you continue learning English.:

Business Collocations
Collocations are often used in business and work settings. There are a number of forms including adjectives, nouns and other verbs that combine with keywords to form business expressions. Here are some of the collocation examples you will find on these pages:

Here are some business collocations. These collocations are used for specific situations in business.

Common Expressions
Collocations are often used as short expressions to describe how someone feels about a situation. In this case, collocations can be used in the adjective form, or also as emphatic expressions using an intensifier and a verb. Here are a few examples using some common collocations:

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Analogy, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Analogy

What is Analogy?
The main purpose of analogy in the language is to bifurcate two elements, which may be based on concepts, relationships, phenomenon, etc. The bifurcation is created with an intention to compare the two things so that the reader can relate to something that reflects their similarity. In other words, analogy aids the reader, to perhaps, have a visual understanding of the logic of what you are trying to exhibit.

16 kinds of relationships that analogies may express:

• Antonyms – up: down
• Synonyms – great : wonderful
• Part : whole – trunk : tree
• whole :part – school : classroom
• tool : its action – crayon : draw
• tool user: tool – carpenter: hammer
• tool: object it’s used with – hammer: nails
• category : example – dog : Golden Retriever
• effect : cause – flood : rain
• cause: effect – practice: improve
• increasing intensity – unhappiness ; misery
• decreasing intensity – hot : warm
• action : thing acted upon – read : book
• action: subject performing action – teach : teacher
• object or place: its user – chalk: teacher
• noun: closely related adjective – elephant: enormous

Here are some important things to remember when you think about analogies: Parts of Speech If the words in the first pair express a “noun : adjective,” or “verb : noun,” or adjective : adjective” relationship (for instance), the second pair should show the same relationship between parts of speech. Word Order If the first pair expresses a “tool user : tool” relationship (for instance), the second pair must express the same relationship in the same order. Exactness Sometimes two or more of the given choices would make fairly good sense in the blank. When this happens, you should choose the word or pair of words, which most exactly suits the relationship you are expressing.

Examples of famous analogies

• The captain is to his ship as the leader is to his tribe.
• A fish is to swimming as a bird is to flying.
• What death is to life, blindness is to vision.
• What sweets are to a diabetic, water is to fire.
• What gold is to a goldsmith, iron is to a blacksmith.
• What cold is to ice, heat is to fire.
• What dog is to a kennel, a rabbit is to a burrow.
• What child is to a mother, a song is to a singer.
• What voice is to a person, communication is to a language.
• What wheels are to a cart, a family is to a man.
• A hot cup of coffee is to winter as a cold glass of water is to summer.
• A rudder is to a ship as a goal is to a person.
• Painting is to a painter as water is to a plant.
• What strings are to a guitar, love is to life.
• What wick is to a candle, knowledge is to life.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Singular/Plural, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Singular/Plural

Question 1.
What is the plural form of ‘pitch’?
(a) pitchs (b) pitches (c) pitch (d) pitcher
Answer:
(d) volcanoes

Question 2.
What is the plural form of “penny”?
(a) pennies (b) pennys (c) penns (d) pennyses
Answer:
(a) pennies

Question 3.
What is the plural form of “person”?
(a) persones (b) persons (c) people (d) peoples
Answer:
(b) persons

Question 4.
What is the plural form of ‘loaf?
(a) loafs (b) loafes (c) loaf (d) loaves
Answer:
(d) loaves

Question 5.
What is the plural form of ‘focus’?
(a) focuses (b) foci (c) focis (d) focuse
Answer:
(b) foci

Question 6.
What is the plural form of ‘child’?
(a) childs (b) childes (c) children (d) childrens
Answer:
(c) children

Question 7.
What is the plural form of‘deer’?
(a) deer (b) deers (c) deeres (d) deeries
Answer:
(a) deer

Question 8.
What is the plural form of ‘ox’?
(a) oxes (b) ox’s (c) oxen (d) oxies
Answer:
(c) oxen

Question 9.
What is the plural form of ‘wolf?
(a) wolfs (b) wolves (c) wolfies (d) wolfes
Answer:
(b) wolves

Question 10.
What is the plural form of ‘Chinese’?
(a) Chinese (b) Chineses (c) Chinesies (d) Chinese’s
Answer:
(a) Chinese

Question 11.
What is the plural form of ‘military’?
(a) military (b) militarys (c) militares (d) militaries
Answer:
(d) militaries

Question 12.
What is the plural form of ‘sister-in-law’?
(a) sisteres-in-law 0b) sister-in-laws (c) sisters-in-law (d) sister-in-lawes
Answer:
(c) sisters-in-law

Question 13.
What is the plural form of ‘moose’?
(a) moosies (b) moose (c) mooses (d) mooseses
Answer:
(b) moose

Question 14.
What is the plural form of ‘fish’?
(a) fishs (b) fish (c) fishies (d) fishes
Answer:
(b) fish

Question 15.
What is the plural form of ‘potato’?
(a) potato (b) potatos (c) potatoes (d) potatosies
Answer:
(c) potatoes

Question 16.
What is the plural form of ‘university’?
(a) university (b) universities (c) universitys (d) universityses
Answer:
(b) universities

Question 17.
What is the plural form of ‘celebrity’?
(a) celebritys (b) celebrities’ (c) celebrityses (d) celebritieses
Answer:
(b) celebrities

Question 18.
What is the plural form of ‘aircraft’?
(a) aircraft (b) aircraft (c) airscrafts (d) aircrafts
Answer:
(a) aircrafts

Question 19.
What is the plural form of ‘foot’?
(a) foots (b) feet (c) foot (d) footies
Answer:
(b) feet

Question 20.
What is the plural form of ‘tooth’?
(a) tooth (b) toothes (c) tooths (d) teeth
Answer:
(d) teeth

SINGULAR	PLURAL
1. spy	spies
2. cactus	cacti
3. fungus	fungi
4. nucleus	nuclei
5. analysis	analyses
6. oasis	oases
7. diagnosis	diagnoses
8. thesis	theses
9. phenomenon	phenomena
10. crisis	crises
11. criterion	criteria
12. datum	data
13. dish	dishes
14. watch	watches
15. branch	branches
16. scarf	scarves
17. cuff	cuffs
18. chef	chefs
19. army	armies
20. Runner-up	Runners-up
21. Editor-in-chief	Editors-in-chief
22. Grandson-in-law	Grandsons-in-law
23. vertex	vertices
24. index	indices
25. datum	data
26. criterion	criteria
27. phenomenon	phenomena
28. crisis	crises
29. curriculum	curricula
30. emphasis	emphases
31. family	families
32. iris	irises
33. memorandum	memoranda
34. reflex	reflexes
35. series	series
36. tax	taxes
37. millennium	millennia
38. spectrum	spectra
39. passer-by	passers-by
40. tiding	tidings
41. ellipsis	ellipses
42. decoy	decoys
43. jersey	jerseys
44. hypothesis	hypotheses