Laxmi

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Term 2 Chapter 6 Reaching the Age of Adolescence

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Reaching the Age of Adolescence Text Book Exercises

I. Choose the best answer.

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Class 8 Book Back Answers Question 1.
Adolescence is the period of life between ……………… years of age.
(a) 10 to 16
(b) 11 to 17
(c) 11 to 19
(d) 11 to 20
Answer:
(c) 11 to 19

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Class 8 In Tamil Question 2.
The period at which an organism attains sexual maturity is called ………………
(a) puberty
(b) adolescence
(c) growth
(d) maturity
Answer:
(a) puberty

8th Standard Science Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Question 3.
During puberty, the region below the waist become wider in ………………
(a) boys
(b) girls
(c) Both a and b
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Both a and b

8th Science Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Question 4.
Adam’s apple is the growth of the ………………
(a) pharynx
(b) thyroid
(c) larynx
(d) parathyroid
Answer:
(c) larynx

8th Std Science Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Question 5.
Many adolescent boys and girls get pimples on face, due to the secretions of ……………… gland.
(a) sweat
(b) sebaceous
(c) sweat and sebaceous
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) sebaceous

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence In Tamil Meaning Question 6.
The sperm is produced by ………………
(a) penis
(b) ovary
(c) uterus
(d) testes
Answer:
(d) testes

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence In Tamil Question 7.
are the chemical substances, secreted by endocrine glands.
(a) Hormones
(b) Enzymes
(c) Proteins
(d) Fatty acids
Answer:
(a) Hormones

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Class 8 Question 8.
Androgen production is regulated by ………………
(a) GH hormone
(b) LH hormone
(c) TSH hormone
(d) ACTH hormone
Answer:
(b) LH hormone

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Question 9.
During menstruation, the progesterone level is ………………
(a) decreased
(b) increased
(C) ceased
(d) normal
Answer:
(a) ceased

Class 8 Science Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Question 10.
……………… intake needs to be increased to prevent osteoporosis in later life.
(a) Potassium
(b) Phosphorus
(c) Iron
(d) Calcium
Answer:
(d) Calcium

II. Fill in the blanks

1. ……………… is secreted by the ovaries of female.
2. The hormones secreted by the gonads are controlled by ………………
3. Milk secretion during lactation is controlled by ……………… hormone.
4. The male and the female gamete fuse together and form ……………….
5. The first menstrual flow begins at puberty and it is termed as ………………
6. ……………… usually occurs 14 days after ovulation.
7. ……………… includes protein, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins in requisite proportion.
8. ……………… helps to prevent thyroid gland related diseases.
9. Iron deficiency leads to ………………
10. In women, fertilization takes place at ……………….

Answer:

1. Estrogen
2. Anterior pituitary
3. prolactin
4. zygote
5. menarche
6. Menstruation
7. Balanced diet
8. iodine
9. Anaemia
10. Fallopian tube

III. State True or False. If false, correct the statement

Class 8 Chapter Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Question 1.
There is a sudden increase in the height of both boys and girls during puberty.
Answer:
True.

Questions On Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Question 2.
The release of ovum from the uterus is called ovulation.
Answer:
False

Question And Answer Of Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Question 3.
During pregnancy, the corpus luteum continues to grow and produces large amount of estrogen and progesterone.
Answer:
True

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Questions And Answers Question 4.
Making use of disposable napkins or tampons may increase the chances of infections.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
Making use of disposable napkins or tampons may reduce the chances of infections.

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Class 8 Pdf Question 5.
Using clean toilets for defecation is a good practice.
Answer:
True

IV. Match the following

Question 1.

1. Puberty – Testosterone
2. Adam’s apple – Muscle development
3. Androgen – at 45 to 50 years of age
4. ICSH – Sexual maturity
5. Menopause – Change in voice

Answer:

1. Puberty – Sexual maturity
2. Adam’s apple – Change in voice
3. Androgen – Muscle development
4. ICSH – Testosterone
5. Menopause – at 45 to 50 years of age

V. Answer briefly

Question 1.
What is adolescence?
Answer:

1. The term adolescence is derived from the Latin word ‘adolescere’ meaning ‘to grow’ or ‘grow to maturity’.
2. Biologically it is a physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and termination of physical growth in an individual.

Question 2.
List out the changes which occur during puberty.
Answer:
Puberty transform the body of a child into that of an adult. These changes are:

1. Changes in body size
2. Changes in body proportion
3. Development of primary sex characteristics
4. Development of secondary sex characteristics.

Question 3.
What is secondary sex characteristics?
Answer:
Secondary sex characteristics are the physical features which distinguish male from female.

Question 4.
What is fertilization?
Answer:
The fusion of the sperm and egg is called fertilization.

Question 5.
Explain Menarche.
Answer:

1. The first menstrual flow begins at puberty and is termed menarche.
2. It is the beginning of adolescence, during which mental and emotional maturation occurs and physical growth becomes pronounced.

Question 6.
Explain the process of pregnancy.
Answer:

1. After ovulation, the ovum reaches the fallopian tube and fertilization takes place.
2. The fertilized egg undergoes development and it is implanted in the uterus.
3. The corpus luteum continues to grow and produces large amount of progesterone.
4. This results in pregnancy. Normally, it lasts for 280 days, at the end of which parturition (child birth) takes place.

Question 7.
Explain the importance of cleanliness during the time of menstrual cycle in girls.
Answer:

1. Girls should take special care of cleanliness during the time of menstrual cycle.
2. Making use of disposable napkins or tampons may reduce chances of infections. It should be changed frequently depending upon the menstrual flow.

Question 8.
How is adolescence different from childhood?
Answer:

1. The period of life from birth till 12 years is also childhood. Adolescence begins from age of 12 -13 years.
2. Lot of changes in height, weight, sex organs, muscle mass etc, occur in adolescence.

VI. Answer in detail

Question 1.
What are the physical changes that occur in boys and girls during adolescence?
Answer:
Secondary sex characteristics are the physical features which distinguish male from female. The Physical changes that occur is boys and girls during adolescence are:

Girls:

1. Height and weight increase.
2. Fatty and subcutaneous tissues develop.
3. Hip broadens.
4. Hair grows in arm pits and pubic area.
5. Voice becomes shrill.
6. Breast develops.

Boys

1. Height and weight increase.
2. Muscles develop.
3. Shoulder broadens.
4. Hair grows in the arm pits and pubic area, and facial hair also appears.
5. Voice break takes place due to lengthening of vocal cord and enlarging of larynx.
6. Size of the penis increases.

Question 2.
Explain the role of hormones in reproduction.
Answer:

1. The primary hormones that regulate reproduction are the steroids such as androgens, estrogens and progesterone. which have masculinizing, feminizing and gestational effects respectively.
2. These hormones are secreted from the gonads which are regulated by the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis).

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH):
FSH in a female influences the development of the Graafian follicle and secretion of estrogens. In a male, it is necessary for the development of seminiferous tubules, and for spermatogenesis.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH):
In a female, it is the hormone necessary for ovulation, and the secretion of the luteal hormone progesterone, and for the final maturation of the Graafian follicle. In a male, it stimulates the interstitial (Leydig) cells of testes and the secretion of testosterone, and is referred to as the Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH).

Prolactin (PRL) or Lactogenic Hormone:
The main function of this hormone is milk secretion during lactation.

Oxytocin Hormone:
Oxytocin causes expulsion of milk from the breast and it is also involved in the contraction of smooth muscles of uterus during child birth.

Question 3.
Briefly describe the menstrual cycle.
Answer:
The beginning of the menstrual cycle marks the onset of puberty in human females. Menstruation occurs if an ovum released by the ovary of a woman is not fertilized during ovulation. This is described below.

1. When a girl reaches puberty at the age of about 10, the sex hormones released into her blood cause some of the ova (or egg cells) in her ovaries to become mature (or ripe).

2. Usually one mature ovum (or egg) is released ff(jm one of the ovaries into the oviduct once in every 28 days. This is called ovulation.

3. Before ovulation (or release of ovum), the inner wall of uterus becomes thick and spongy, and full of tiny blood vessels to receive the fertilized ovum.

4. If the ovum does not get fertilized then the thick and soft inner lining of uterus breaks. So, the thick and soft inner lining of uterus along with the blood vessels and the dead ovum comes out of the vagina in the form of a bleeding called menstruation.

5. Menstruation usually occurs 14 days after ovulation and usually lasts for about 3 to 5 days.

6. After menstruation is over, the inner lining of the uterus starts building up again so that it may become ready to receive the next ovum.

7. If the ovum does not get fertilized even now, then menstruation takes place again. This cycle of menstruation is repeated again and again in women after every 28 days. The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones.

Menstruation stops temporarily when the ovum gets fertilized and the women gets pregnant. Menstruation also stops due to nutritional deficiencies, low body weight, stress, eating disorder, excessive weight gain etc.

Question 4.
Briefly explain the nutritional needs of adolescence.
Answer:

1. Adolescence is a stage of rapid growth and development.
2. Balanced diet is very much important during adolescence. Balanced diet includes proteins, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins in requisite proportions.
3. A very good amount of proteins and carbohydrates is necessary during this growth period. Apart from that, adolescents need the following dietary components.

Minerals:

1. Since there is an increase in skeletal mass and blood volume during adolescence, the body needs calcium, phosphorus and iron.

Calcium:

1. Calcium intake needs to be increased to prevent osteoporosis in later life.
2. It is present in milk and milk products or other equivalents.

Iodine:

1. It helps to prevent thyroid gland related diseases.

Iron:

1. Iron builds blood and iron-rich foods such as green leafy vegetables, jaggery, meat, dates, fish, chicken, citrus, Indian gooseberry (Nelli) and whole pulses are good for adolescents.
2. Lack of iron in the diet results in anemia.
3. In boys, iron deficiency occurs due to muscle spurt whereas in girls it occurs due to menstruation in addition to the muscular growth.

VII. Higher Order Thinking Questions.

Question 1.
What can you suggest to your classmates to keep himself / herself clean and healthy?
Answer:

1. Shower or bath daily.
2. Always wash your hands before and after meals.
3. Keep fingernails clean and dipped.
4. Wash your teeth and mouth before and after each meal.
5. Avoid touching your face, nose or mouth while preparing food.
6. Avoid coughing or sneezing around food and close your mouth by using hand kerchief while you cough in public places.
7. If you want to taste the food, use a clean spoon.
8. Change your clothes regularly and wash them cleanly, especially undergarments.
9. Do not defecate in open field. Use clean toilets for defecation.
10. If you are not well, avoid self-medication, consult a doctor.
11. In case of girls, menstrual hygiene can be explained to them.

Question 2.
Adolescence is the energistic stage. What health and good habits you want to develop?
Answer:
Healthy and good habits that we should develop during adolescence are:

1. Eat balanced diet and avoid junk food to prevent obesity.
2. Regular physical exercise which helps to build our body.
3. Keep ourselves clean by bathing twice a day, cutting hair, trimming nails, wearing clean cloths.
4. Keep away from abusive substances, drugs smoking and any other bad habits.
5. Observe menstrual hygiene.
6. Be aware of problems related to adolescence and take care of one’s physical and mental health.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Reaching the Age of Adolescence Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
………………. is not a source of iron.
(a) Gooseberry
(b) Fish
(c) Milk
(d) Jaggery
Answer:
(c) Milk

Question 2.
FSH is produced by ………………..
(a) pituitary gland
(b) thyroid gland N
(c) uterus
(d) testes
Answer:
(a) pituitary gland

Question 3.
ICSH refers to ………………..
(a) FSH
(b) LH
(c) oxytocin
(d) testosterone
Answer:
(b) LH

Question 4.
Menstruation normally occurs once in ……………….
(a) 25 days
(b) 35 days
(c) 28 days
(d) 19 days
Answer:
(c) 28 days

Question 5.
Normally pregnancy lasts for ………………. days.
(a) 300
(b) 280
(c) 320
(d) 260
Answer:
(b) 280

II. Fill in the Blanks

1. Oil glands are called ………………. glands.
2. The primary sex organs of the male and female are called ………………. and ………………. respectively.
3. ………………. hormone stimulates the testes to produce androgens.
4. ……………….. is the male sex hormone.
5. The hormone ………………. is involved in the contraction of uterine muscles during child birth.
6. The release of ovum from the ovary is called ………………..
7. The wall of ………………. becomes thick to receive the fertilized egg.
8. Fertilization takes place in the ………………..
9. ………………. is a temporary endocrine gland formed during pregnancy.
10. Stoppage of menstruation is called ………………..

Answer:

1. sebaceous
2. Testes, ovary
3. Leutinizing
4. Androgen
5. oxytocin
6. ovulation
7. uterus
8. Fallopian tube
9. Corpus luteum
10. menopause

III. True or False – if false give the correct statement.

Question 1.
The male sex hormone is called estrogen.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
The male sex hormone is called androgen.

Question 2.
Prolactin is also known as lactogenic hormone.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
The FSH is required for spermatogenesis in males.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
Milk is rich in calcium.
Answer:
True.

Question 5.
In take of iodine is necessary to prevent anemia.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
In take of iron is necessary to prevent anemia.

Question 6.
Corpus luteum grows during menstruation.
False.
Correct statement:
Corpus luteum degenerates during menstruation.

Question 7.
Egg is released from fallopian tube.
Falsw.
Correct statement:
Egg is released from ovary.

IV. Match the following

Question 1.

Answer:

1. e
2. e
3. a
4. b
5. d

V. Answer briefly

Question 1.
Name the sex organs and their hormones.
Answer:
The male sex glands testes release the testosterone and the female sex gland, the ovaries release the estrogen.

Question 2.
Name the pituitary hormones which influence the gonads (sex organs).
Answer:
Follicle stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone and oxytocin.

Question 3.
Define ovulation.
Answer:
The release of ovum from the ovary is called ovulation.

Question 4.
When does the corpus luteum degenerate?
Answer:
If the ovum is not fertilized the corpus luteum begins to degenerate.

Question 5.
What is menopause?
Answer:
Menopause marks the end of the reproductive phase of a woman’s life. At 45 to 50 years of age, the menstrual cycle stops.

Question 6.
What is menstruation?
Answer:

1. If the ovum is not fertilized, the corpus luteum begins to degenerate and the production of hormones progesterone and estrogen ceases.
2. The unfertilized egg and the thickened lining of the uterus along with its blood vessels are shed off.
3. This causes bleeding in woman’s reproductive tract which is called menstruation.

VI. Answer in detail.

Question 1.
Explain the Secondary sex characteristics of Boys.
Answer:
the following are the secondary sex characteristics of boys.

1. Hair – Immediately after the development of primary sex characteristics, pubic hair appears followed by axillary and facial hair.
2. Skin – The skin becomes coarse and the pores in the skin enlarge.
3. Glands – The oil producing glands in the skin enlarge and due to this acne may appear of the faces.
4. Muscle – The strength of the muscle increases and it gives shape to arms, legs and shoulders.
5. Voice – During this period voice changes occur and the voice becomes husky. Then its pitch drops and the volume increases.

Question 2.
Explain the Secondary sex characteristics of Girls.
Answer:
Girls show the following secondary sex characteristics at the time of puberty.

1. Hips – Due to the enlargement of the pelvic bone and the development of subcutaneous fat, the hip becomes wider and rounder.
2. Breast – After the enlargement of hips, the breasts begin to develop during this time.
3. Hair – Pubic hair appears followed by axillary and body hair on the limbs.
4. Skin – The skin becomes coarser and the pores enlarge as in the case of boys.
5. Gland – Oil producing glands become active causing acne on the face.
6. Muscles – Increase in muscles takes place which gives shape to shoulders, arms and legs.
7. Voice – Voice becomes shrill and voice breaks are rare among girls.

Students who are interested in learning of 11th English Prose Chapter 5 Convocation Address Questions and Answers can use Tamilnadu State Board Solutions of 11th English Chapter Wise Pdf. First check in which chapter you are lagging and then Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers Summary, Activity, Notes Chapter Wise. Students can build self confidence by solving the solutions with the help of Tamilnadu State Board English Solutions. English is the scoring subject if you improve your grammar skills. Because most of the students will lose marks by writing grammar mistakes. So, we suggest you to Download Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Solutions according to the chapters.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Solutions Prose Chapter 5 Convocation Address

Check out the topics covered in Prose Chapter 5 Convocation Address Questions and Answers before you start your preparation. Improve your grammar skills with the help of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf links. The solutions for Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Textbook are prepared by the English experts. So, if you follow Tamilnadu State Board Solutions 11th English Textbook Solutions you can cover all the topics in Prose Chapter 5 Convocation Address Questons and Answers. This helps to improve your communication skills.

The Convocation Address Warm up

A. Work in pairs. Look at the mind map below and add a few other features of democracy you can think of. Share your answers with the class.

• e.g. sharing and caring
• Protecting nature
• Cleaning environment
• Doing one’s duties
• Enjoying freedom of speech

Answer:

• People
• Rights
• Majority
• Voting
• Individualism
• Politics

B. Given below is a list of items or features you find in a good school. Study the list and classify the items as individual and common.

(textbooks – uniform – smart class room – laboratory – competent teachers – library – mid-day meals – blackboard – stationery – play ground – sports equipment-washrooms)

Answer:

C. Who provides these common facilities? Tick the appropriate source.

• Parents
• Educational institutions
• The Department of Education
• Social Service Organizations
• Other agencies

Answer:
The Department of Education provides these common facilities.

D. Discuss this aspect with your partner and share your views on how students can give back to society.

Students can do a lot in generating ideas which could be helpful to the society. Many illiterate people and young children succumb to dengue, malaria and other diseases as they don’t keep their surroundings clean. NSS, Red cross, National Green Corps cadets can run successful campaigns to present the spread of such diseases. Water is the most precious wealth of the nation. People tend to waste it without realizing the sordid and potential threat of “zero water day” in Tamil Nadu if we don’t prevent sand mafia’s from looting river bed sand.

Besides, farmers do not use advanced scientific method to make judicious use of water or water harvesting. As a result, their crops fail along with rainfall. More than double, the quantity of water, we beg from Karnataka goes and ends up in Bay of Bengal. So, students could cite Kajender Singh, a water specialist who made parts of Rajasthan bloom due to water conservation techniques. To popularize water harvesting, judicious use of water and reduce pollution and enhance recycling practices, student community can interact with a community, conduct rallies or campaigns and be proud to be the part of development of the nation.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Convocation Address Textual Questions

A. Based on your reading of the speech, answer the following questions briefly in a sentence or two.

Convocation Address Summary Question 1.
Who does the speaker claim to represent?
Answer:
The speaker wishes to represent some of the cardinal principles enunciated by those who offered to graduates in the past. He remarks that his speech would bear the layman’s point of view to the findings of experts in various fields of education. He promises to annotate the speeches of great educationists for the benefit of the graduates.

The Convocation Address Summary Question 2.
Why are universities necessary for a society?
Answer:
Universities, as the repositories of knowledge and nursing ground for the emissaries of thought wisdom and service, have got a prominent role to play (i.e) to equip graduates to better the society. Universities are necessary to trim, train, guide and lead the youth to the development task. It kindles sweet hopes but demands patience, perseverance, faith and confidence. He should have faith in himself and others. The faith should also be in his inherent ability to shoulder the responsibilities. The universities today have the responsibility to fashion out of the graduate an individual fitted and equipped for the task of making democracy fruitful and effective. So, universities are essential.

The Convocation Address Question And Answer Question 3.
What was the role of scholars and poets in olden days?
Answer:
Scholar and poets adorned the chambers of royalty or the gilded mansions of lords and nobles. Their wisdom was meant for the mansion, not for the market place. Poets and scholars were content to work in secluded spheres. Their work was to weave the costly fabric of philosophy or poetry which, is turn, was to be converted into dazzling garments for the select and the privileged royalty.

Convocation Address Paragraph Question 4.
In what ways have universities improved the society?
Answer:
Universities are the repositories of knowledge and the nursing ground for emissaries of thought, wisdom and service. They equip individuals in the task of bettering society. Universities have infact eschewed monarchy and autocracy and have initiated the era of democracy. Thus universities have helped the society.

Convocation Address By Annadurai Summary Question 5.
Universities develop broad-mindedness. How does Dr. Radhakrishnan drive home this idea?
Answer:
True spirit of democracy can be developed only in universities. A broad – minded person alone can appreciate other’s point of view and adjust ideological differences through discussions. In universities, a lot of opportunities are made available for debates. Friendly discussions provide ample scope for nurturing broad-mindedness of the youth.

Convocation Address Question 6.
What should the youngsters aim in life after their graduation?
Answer:
The youngsters should aim in life after graduation for an aristocracy of achievements arising out of a democracy of opportunities. As youngsters they should aim at toning up the society, bringing light into dark alleys sunshine into dingy places, solace into the afflicted, hope unto the despondent and a new life into every one.

Convocation Address By Annadurai In Tamil Question 7.
How can a graduate give back to his/her society?
Answer:
The graduates are indebted to the society for the higher education. They need to replenish the social chest on which they have drawn largely as students. They can contribute to the society not in terms of material goods. But in terms of quality services, through services the graduates, can confer rich benefit to the humanity.

B. Based on your understanding, answer the following questions in three or four sentences each.

The Convocation Address Theme Question 1.
‘Wisdom was meant for the mansion, not for the market place’ What does this statement signify?
Answer:
During the monarchical or feudal days, universities had to train scholars and poets to adorn the chambers of royalty or the gilded mansions of the lords and nobles. Those were the days when eminent scholars were not asked to confront the problems of the masses. They were content to work in secluded places. So, the speaker says that their wisdom was meant for the mansion and not for the market place.

Convocation Address In Tamil Question 2.
According to the speaker, how should Universities mould the students of the present day?
Answer:
Before asking graduates to do the duties as citizen of a democracy, the university must trim, train, guide and lead him to a task which kindles sweet hopes. It should also demand patience and perseverance from them. Universities should inculcate faith and confidence. Faith should be in the graduates and others to shoulder the responsibilities. The universities today should fashion out of them individuals fitted and equipped for the task of making democracy fruitful and effective.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 11th English Question 3.
How does Arignar Anna highlight the duties and responsibilities of graduates to the society?
Answer:
The graduates must acquire the means of a decent living. But it should be the only objective. As their education is funded by the tax from poor people, they have on obligation to pay back to the society if not in cash in terms of service. They must bring light into the dark alleys, sunshine into dingy places, solace into the affiliated hope unto the despondent and a new life into every one.

The Convocation Address Meaning In Tamil Question 4.
Students are instilled with some of the essential values and skills by the universities. Enumerate them.
Answer:
Universities instill the values of robust optimism, respect for democracy and appreciation of others point of view. It also develops adjustment of differences through discussion; develop patience, perseverance, confidence, faith in themselves and others. They also instill confidence in their ability to shoulder responsibilities.

Samacheer Kalvi Class 11 English Solutions Question 5.
What are the hindrances a graduate faces in his/her way?
Answer:
The world sometimes dim the hopes of graduates and disturbs their determination. They come face to face with unpleasant kind of practices contrary to their principles. Tyranny of all sorts stare at them. Self-seekers are enthroned and patient workers are decried. People with robust optimism are discouraged. These hindrances are faced by graduates on their way.

C. Answer the following questions, based on your understanding of the speech of Dr. Arignar Annadurai, adding your own ideas, in a paragraph of about 100-150 words.

Class 11 English Prose Chapter 5 Question 1.
How do Universities mould students apart from imparting academic education to them?
Answer:
Universities mould students by providing various opportunities to develop their soft skills and to develop values which would contribute to the process of nation building. They enable graduates to develop patience and perseverance. They help them develop faith in their own inherent ability to shoulder responsibilities. The are oriented to become citizens of democracy and repay to the society quality services which would reform the lives of the poor people.

They develop true spirit of democracy among young graduates. They enable appreciation of others point of view. The graduates are also provided opportunities to adjust with difference through amicable discussions. The universities, apart from imparting education mould the students’ character and personality too.

“The quality of a university is measured more by the kind of student it turns out than the kind it takes in.”

Question 2.
The common men contribute to the maintenance of institutions of higher education. Explain this statement.
Answer:
Higher institutes of learning like universities require a lot of funds for their maintenance. These funds often come from the community’s taxes, through the Government students should remember the fact a good proportion of these funds come from farmers, peasants and coolies who did not enjoy even schooling facilities. These illiterates but cultured men willingly face discomforts to ensure better life for the younger generation. These common men contribute to the development and maintenance of institutes of higher education.

“Every child should have the opportunity to receive a quality education.”

Question 3.
How does the speaker highlight the importance of giving back to the society?
Answer:
The graduates have drawn largely from the social chest. The largest taken from the society needs to be replenished. If graduates fail to pay back, ordinary people’s coffer will be empty. The supervisor’s education enjoins greater responsibility to society. Apart from their own individual advancement, society has got a right to expect an adequate return from the graduates.

The society does not expect them to payback in cash. But they must pay back in terms of service. They should tone up the society by bringing a light into the dark alleys. They should herald sunshine into dingy places. They must give solace to the affiliated people. They should also give hope unto the despondent and thus ensure a new life unto every one.

“We Must stop thinking of the individual and start thinking about what’s best for society. ”

Question 4.
You were one of the fresh graduates at the convocation function of the University. You had the rare privilege of listening to the enlightening speech of Dr. Arignar Anna. Write a letter to your friend describing the core ideas of his speech and the impact of the speech
on you.
Answer:

3rd March, 20xx
My Dear Tim,

I was lucky to be present when Dr. Annadurai gave the convocation Address. Very rarely one gets such a lifetime opportunity. His genius was explicit in his talk. I could see a great leader and his concern for both the educated and unsung heroes fighting to eke out a living. At the out set, he greeted the graduates and thanked Annamalai University for the unique opportunity. His modesty was evident when he admitted that he was not adequately prepared to offer them appropriate guidelines to succeed but, as a layman he could quote and annotate the ideas of experts connected to the field of education. He showered rich encomiums on the universities for being the repositories of thought, wisdom and service. He admired the universities for its role in equipping the youth to better the society.

He compared the universities of feudal days which turned scholars into adornments of the royalty but modem universities which are surely for the market and not for mansions. He explained that universities have a role in preparing the graduates to serve the society apart from earning a decent living for themselves. He advises the graduates not to be daunted by the adverse and demotivating environment but to draw inspiration from Purananooru, our ancient classic and overcome societal obstacles to serve the society in an exemplary manner. He completed his convocation address with the wish ‘May your life be a bright one and may its lustre brighten the entire land’. The words of the great leader is still ringing in my memory.

With love
Your sincere friend
Joe

To
Tim Smith,
12, Sterling Road,
Chennai

Vocabulary

A. Based on your understanding of paragraphs 6 and 7, complete the mind map.

Answer:

B. Words belonging to different semantic field.

Question 1.
Now, read the following statements taken from Arignar Anna’s address:
Answer:
‘The role of the universities today is not cloistered and confined as in the past.
The highlighted word ‘universities’ is used in the field of education. Find other words pertaining to the field of education from the speech of Anna.
Graduate, convocation, theories, principles, annotations, point of view, experts, finding, knowledge, thought, wisdom, service, higher education, guide, lead.

C. Look at the following words and classify them according to their fields.

Clinical, orthopaedic, dividend, operations, fertile, Carnatic, diagnostics, industries, keyboard, hacker, desktop, vocal, cultivation, organic, unplugged, disease, harvest, livestock, mother board, investment, internet, proxy, recycle bin, orchestra, trade, hip-hop, uprooting, guitar, cure, contracts

Answer:

D. Words with different functions

Now, choose the appropriate words to complete the sentences. The first one is done for you.

(frame, guide, book, play, print, plan)

Question 1.
a. We usually _____ tickets for movies in advance.
b. Thirukkural is my favourite _____
Answer:
(a) book
(b) book

Question 2.
a. The _____ of the photo is broken.
b.We _____ questions on all topics.
Answer:
(a) frame
(b) frame

Question 3.
a. My teachers _____ me towards the path of success.
b. The tourist _____ explained the historical importance of the site.
Answer:
(a) guide
(b) guide

Question 4.
a. We enacted a humorous _____ in our school function.
b. The children _____ in the ground every afternoon.
Answer:
(a) play
(b) play

Question 5.
a. My _____ worked out well.
b. We should _____ our work well in advance.
Answer:
(a) plan
(b) plan

Question 6.
a. The _____ is not clear; we cannot read the sentences.
b.We _____ wedding cards here.
Answer:
(a) print
(b) print

E. A belief, attitude, theory, etc. that is referred to by a word ends with the suffix ‘-ism’. Here is a sentence from the speech of Dr. Annadurai: ‘I admit that the environment is such that even people with robust optimism will be discouraged and forced to take to the path of ease and comfort’.

The meaning of the word ‘optimism’ is the hopeful feeling that all is going to turn out well’. Match the ‘ism’ words with the appropriate meanings.

Answer:

1. patriotism
2. barbarism
3. nationalism
4. amateurism
5. idealism
6. criticism
7. absenteeism
8. feminism
9. egocentrism
10. heroism

Listening Activity

Listen to the information about Vishalini and complete her profile with suitable words/ phrases.

(For listening to the passage refer to our website www.fullcircleeducation.in)

Born in Tirunelveli, a small city of Tamil Nadu, in a middle class family, Vishalini is no different from other children of her age who love watching cartoons, riding bicycles and playing games; however, her IQ and intelligence is not of an average 11 -year-old girl. She is a child prodigy blessed with exceptional computer and analytical skills. According to reports, her IQ stands at 225, which is considerably higher than the previous Guinness World Record holder, Kim Ung-Yong, whose IQ is approximately 210. Vishalini’s wonderful accomplishments include the Microsoft Certified Professional and Cisco Certified Network Associate.

Vishalini holds the unique pride of addressing various International conferences as a Chief Guest and Key note Speaker in the presence of delegates from various countries when she was an 11 year old child. At the Google India Summit held in New Delhi, the international delegates from about 75 countries were astonished and astounded at Vishalini’s keynote address on ‘Cloud Computing in Google Apps for Education’. There she was also honoured as “The Youngest Google Speaker”. She is the recipient of five International awards. Vishalini, the pride of Tamil nadu, is undoubtedly a wonder girl.

Vishalini, hailing from (1) ________ in Tamilnadu is (2) ________ years old. She is endowed with an outstanding (3) ________ and (4) ________ skills. Her IQ is (5) ________ higher than the previous score of (6) ________ She has been the (7) ________ speaker in International conferences. At the Google India Summit, she was honoured as the youngest (8) ________ She is the recipient of (9) ________ international awards. This child prodigy is considered a (10) ________ girl.
Answer:

1. Tirunelveli
2. 11
3. computer
4. analytical
5. 225
6. Kim-ungyoug
7. keynote
8. Google speaker
9. five
10. wonder

Speaking Activity

Prepare a formal five minute speech on the topic ‘The Importance of Education’ and deliver it at your School Assembly.

The importance of Education:

Good morning to one and all. Respected principal, teachers and my dear friends, I stand before you to speak my views on “The importance of education”. Education gives people the capacity to reason out and choose the best course of action for themselves. It gives them the necessary skills to earn a living. They often can invest the capital gained in schools and colleges to start industries or farms which can offer employment opportunities to their less fortunate kinsmen. Only educated folks can generate awareness among the masses against population explosion, pollution, and promote water harvesting practices to sustain life on earth. Those who are educated in the real sense have a passion for the upliftment of the society. They always look for ways to repay the society which invested in their education.

They employ various strategies to enhance the quality or standard of living of laymen. Education teaches young men and women to accept different points of view without coming to blows. It provides them the capacity to appreciate the points of views of others and tolerate differences. Education develops the values of democracy, patience and perseverance and also the soft skills required to face challenges in life. Immortal poet Thiruvalluvar said, “Those who are educated have vision and the rest have two sores in the place of eyes. So, I conclude, education is important for all of us. I thank you all for the unique opportunity given to me to share my ideas on the importance of education.

Reading

Have you heard of Open Letters?
An open letter is a letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience, or a letter intended for ‘ an individual, but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally through newspapers and other media, such as a letter to the editor or a blog.

Sociologists, scholars, anthropologists and historians have written open letters. Letters patent are another form of open letter in which a legal document is both mailed to a person by the government and publicized so that all are made aware of it. Open letters can also be addressed directly to a group rather than any individual.

Reading such letters will also help to improve your vocabulary. Here are some easy ways to improve and expand your vocabulary.

• Read as much as you can. As you read, try to understand the meaning of new words from the context or by referring to a dictionary.
• When you refer to a dictionary, leam the pronunciation, meaning, synonyms, antonyms and derivatives of the word.
• Note down the new words you leam for future reference.
• Make it a habit to leam one new word a day.
• Play word games such as word search, crossword, scrabble etc. to expand your vocabulary.
• Listen to conversations, leam and discover new words and then start using them.

The following is a letter by Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore to Mahatma Gandhi. Follow the diction, fluency and style of the great Indian writer who has contributed excellent writings to Indian Literature. You can improve your vocabulary by familiarising some of the words used in the letter using a dictionary.

Gandhi Letter 23A: From Rabindranath Tagore
Shanti Niketan,

April 12, 1919.

Dear Mahatmaji,
Power in all its forms is irrational – it is like the horse that drags the carriage blindfolded. The moral element in it is only represented in the man who drives the horse. Passive resistance, a force which is not necessarily moral in itself, can be used against truth as well as for it. The danger inherent in all force grows stronger when it is likely to gain success, for then it becomes temptation. I know your teaching is to fight against evil by the help of the good. But such a fight is for heroes and not for men led by impulses of the moment. Evil on one side naturally begets evil on the other, injustice leading to violence and insult to vengefulness.

Unfortunately, such a force has already been started, and either through panic or through wrath our authorities have shown us the claws, whose sure effect is to drive some of us into the secret path of resentment and others into utter demoralization. In this crisis you, as a great leader of men, have stood among us to proclaim your faith in the ideal which you know to be that of India, the ideal which is both against the cowardliness of hidden revenge and the cowed submissiveness of the terror-stricken…

I have always felt, and said accordingly, that the great gift of freedom can never come to a people through charity. We must win it before we can own it. And India’s opportunity for winning it will come to her when she can prove that she is morally superior to the people who rule her by their right of conquest. Armed with her utter faith in goodness she must stand unabashed before the arrogance that scoffs at the power of spirit. And you have come to your motherland in the time of her need to remind her of her mission, to lead her in the true path of conquest, to purge her present day politics of its feebleness which imagines that it has gained its purpose when it struts in the borrowed feathers of diplomatic dishonesty.

This is why I pray most fervently that nothing that tends to weaken our spiritual freedom may intrude into your marching line, that martyrdom for the cause of truth may never degenerate into fanaticism for mere verbal forms, descending into the self-deception that hides itself behind sacred names. With these few words for an introduction allow me to offer the following as a poet’s contribution to your noble work:

Give me the supreme courage of love,
this is my prayer,
the courage to speak,
to do, to suffer at thy will,
to leave all things or be left alone.

Give me the supreme faith of love,
this is my prayer,
the faith of the life in death,
of the victory in defeat,
of the power hidden in the frailness of beauty,
of the dignity of pain that accepts hurt,
but disdains to return it.

Very sincerely yours,
Rabindranath Tagore

A. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who according to Gandhi, can light against evil and how?
Answer:
One can fight against evil with the help of good. Such a fight is led by heroes like Gandhi himself.

Question 2.
What is Gandhiji’s ideal?
Answer:
Gandhi’s ideal is to observe passive resistence against the cowardlines of hidden revenge and the cowed submissiveness of terror.

Question 3.
According to Tagore, when will India get the opportunity to win the gift of freedom?
Answer:
According to Tagore, India’s opportunity of winning freedom will come to her when she can prove that she is morally superior to the people who rule by the right of conquest.

Question 4.
How does Tagore acknowledge Gandhi’s noble work?
Answer:
Tagore acknowledges the noble work of Gandhi in his poem. He appreciates the moral courage he had instilled in Indians to suffer at his will. He appreciates the faith of love, faith of life in death, of the victory in defeat, of the power hidden in the frailness of beauty, and of the dignity of pain that accepts hurt but disdains to return it.

Question 5.
Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following.
(a) a malevolent desire for revenge (para 1)
(b) tactful (para 2)
(c) despise (para 3)
Answer:
(a) vengefulness
(b) diplomatic
(c) disdain

Question 6.
Find words from the passage which are antonyms of the following.
(a) artificially (para 1)
(b) strength (para 2)
Answer:
(a) naturally
(b) feebleness

Grammar

A. Report the following dialogue.

Prabhu : What are you doing here, Kiran? I haven’t seen you for a few months.
Kiran : I have just come back from my native town Virudhunagar.
Prabhu : Did you enjoy your vacation?
Kiran : Yes. I love the place. It is a clean and busy town.
Prabhu : Where did you go and what did you see?
Kiran : I went to Courtallam falls in Tenkasi.
Prabhu : Share some pictures of your trip.
Kiran : Sure. See you later.

Answer:

Prabhu asked Kiran what she was’doing there and said that he hadn’t seen her for a few months. Kiran replied that she had just come back from her native town Virudhunagar. Prabhu asked her if she had enjoyed her vacation. Kiran, replied affirmatively and added that she loved the place and it was a clean and busy town. Prabhu further required her where she had gone and what she had seen. Kiran replied that she had gone to Courtallam falls in Tenkasi. Prabhu requested her to share some of the pictures of her trip. Kiran agreed and bade farewell to him.

B. Virat Kohli, the Man of the match and Man of the Series in the one-day International series between India and South Africa February 2018 had this to say during the post match presentation. India won the match by 8 wickets and won the series by 5 – 1, a historic win against South Africa in their home soil.

Rewrite his words in Reported Speech.

Question 1.
“It was a day I felt really good. Last game, I was not in the right kind of mindset. This is a beautiful place to bat under lights. That’s the idea behind bowling first. I like setting up for the short ball. It was a blessing in disguise, and they kept bowling short. I think the pitch got better to bat on under lights! It has been a roller coaster till now. People who are close to me deserve a lot of credit. Obviously, you want to lead from the front, and that’s a wonderful feeling.

I have got eight or nine years left in my career and I want to make the most of every day. It’s a blessing that I am healthy and getting to captain my country. They have shown great character – especially the two young spinners. The way the series went augurs well for us. We’re looking forward to the T20s. The tour is not over yet. After losing the Test series, I am talking to you. I am here talking to you after winning the ODI series.”

Answer:

lt was a day Kohli had felt really good. The previous game he was not in the right mindset. It was a beautiful place to bat under lights. That was the idea behind bowling first. He liked setting up for a short ball. It had been a blessing in disguise and they had kept bowling short. He thought that the pitch got better to bat on under lights. It had been a roller coaster till then. People who were close to him deserved a lot of credit. Obviously one would want to lead from the front and that was a wonderful feeling.

He had got eight or nine years left in his career and he wanted to make the most of it. It was a blessing that he was healthy and got to captain his country. They had shown great character, especially the two young spinners. The way the series had gone augured well for them. They were looking forward to the T20s. The tour was, not over yet. After having lost the test series, he had been talking to them. He was there talking to them after winning the ODI series.

C. Read the given passages and rewrite them in direct speech.

Question 1.
The cyclist warned the driver not to move his car till the police arrived. The driver pleaded that it was not his fault; he was ready to pay a hundred rupees to repair the damaged cycle. The cyclist refused the money and insisted that the police be called.
Answer:
The cyclist : Don’t move your car till the police arrives.
Car driver : Sir, it is not my fault. I’m ready to pay hundred rupees for repairing the damaged cycle.
The cyclist: I don’t want the money. I want to call the police

Question 2.
The striking workers demanded an increase in salary and asked for the withdrawal of all cases. They threatened to continue the strike if the demands were not met. The manager insisted on them calling off the strike and invited them for a discussion. He agreed to listen to their demands
Answer:
Workers : We demanded an increase in salary to withdraw all the cases.
Manager : Call off the strike
Workers : If our demands are not met, we will continue the strike.
Manager : I am willing to look into your demands, please come for a discussion.

Writing

Question 1.

Question (a)
Write an e-mail to your uncle thanking him for the gift that he had sent from abroad.
Answer:

From: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Sub: Thanks a lot for the gift!
Dear uncle,

I’m fine and I hope my e-mail finds you in robust health. Your gift exactly on my birthday was a bolt from the blue. You had remembered the promise you had made three months ago and sent a marvellous Lap Top. It is light but very cool. I am really proud of you. I pray God that you get more success in your business venture abroad and help other helpless ’

children too.
Yours lovingly
S. Philip

Question (b)
Write an e-mail to a charitable trust requesting for a scholarship.
Answer:

From: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Sub: Seeking scholarship

Dear Sir,
I am Ritika about to complete my Std XI in Government Higher Secondary School, Nandhivaran. My father, the only bread winner, got hurt in an accident. He was working in a private firm. My mom is a home maker. I am at cross roads now. My mom has taken my dad to Nagerkoil. I need to stay in a ladies’s hostel to continue my studies. Could you please consider my request favourably and release a scholarship till I complete my XII public exam – successfully. I hope to avail a Bank loan after I get my results.
Awaiting your favourable reply,

Yours sincerely,
S. Ritika
XI-BGGHSS,
Nandhivaran
Kanchipuram Dt.

Formal Letters

1. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about the need to wear seat belts while driving. 18.03.2019 Virudhu Nagar

From
M. Kamaraj,
18, Anna Street,
Kabilan avenue,
Virudhu Nagar

To
The Editor in Chief,
The Hindu, .
Mount Road Chennai Dear sir,

Sub: Importance of seat belts
I’m M. Kamaraj living in Virudhunagar. I have been reading everyday about road accidents. Though the law enforcing officers are making appeals to all car drivers to wear seat-belt, very few do it. It is because cheap car engines start even when the driver has not attached the seat belt. Technically, advanced cars which are above 10 lakhs are better designed and wouldn’t budge if the driver doesn’t wear the seat-belt. Such cars have additional safety mechanism such as air-pillows that prevent serious injuries in case of accidents. But the cheap cars crash and kill not only the drivers but also their loved ones.

Thrill kills! Government of India should insists on air-bags and technical viability of connecting seat belt to ignition point in a car to ensure safety of all drivers of cars irrespective of the cost of the cars. I request you to publish this in all your city editions including that of Delhi. This may influence the Transport Minister of Government of India to take positive action on this.

Thank you,
Yours sincerely,
M. Kamaraj

To
The Editor in Chief
The Hindu
Mount Road, Chennai

2. Write a letter to the commissioner of the corporation complaining about the sanitary conditions of the street in your locality.

18.03.2019
Madurai

From
K. Lavanya MIG 14, Anna St,
Amma Colony, Shanthi nagar Madurai

To
The Commissioner
Corporation of Madurai
Madurai -2
Sir,

Sub: Deteriorating sanitary conditions – complaint I wish to submit the following painful facts for your consideration and immediate action. There are four big garbage bins kept in my street. For the past three weeks, your corporation vehicles have not come to clear the garbage. Now dust bins are overflowing. People are throwing garbage around the garbage bins. But the stench arising out of the accumulated garbage is nauseating. I’m really worried that some serious diseases may break out. Dengue is still causing anxiety among the residents of Madurai as it has already taken a toll of seven babies, two young boys and three old men. Please instruct your officers to send vehicles immediately to collect the garbage and send your sanitary inspectors to sprinkle/spray disinfectants to ensure the prevention of infectious diseases like cholera too.

Thanking you in anticipation
Yours truly,
K. Lavanya

To
The Commissioner ,
Corporation of Madurai
Madurai -2

3. Write a letter to a sports company ordering sports items for the Physical Education Department of your school.

15.7.2018
Alanganallur
From

M. Jothi,
Sports Secretary,
Government Girl HSS,
Alanganallur-625501

To
The Manager,
M.J. Sports Company,
Goodshed Street,
Trichy-1
Sir,
Sub: Ordering sports goods
We propose to organize Inter-school sports contest in November. We like to buy the following sports materials from you. Please send us the price of the items with the discount, you usually give for school. On delivery, we shall send the money by RTGS. Kindly send your bank account details and reply by e.mail to [email protected] Materials required

Kindly send the mail with your estimated price inclusive of transportation and GST. Looking forward to your prompt response.
With warm regards Yours sincerely
M. Jothi

To
The Manager,
M.J. Sports Company,
Goodshed Street,
Trichy-1

4. Write a letter to the Chief Reservation supervisor of Railways requesting him to grant concession for your educational tour.

10.07.2018
Nanguneri
From

M. Prabu,
SPL.GHSS.
Nanguneri.

To
The Chief Reservation Supervisor,
Southern Railways,
Thirunelveli.

Sir,
Sub: GHSS- Educational tour to Bangalore requesting to grant concession – Reg.
I am M. Prabu studying in XI-D section. I am the school pupil leader. I’ve been asked by my school Headmaster to work out the cost for our educational tour to Bangalore. A team of eighty students intend to go the Bangalore in the month November. Could I request you to consider extending us concession? Please let us know either through a reply letter or by mail what would be the cost of all 80 tickets (to and fro) and the dates ideal for us to travel. We intend to stay in Bangalore for two days. Kindly check the availability in the 3rd week. If possible could you please request authorities to allot two bogies for us exclusively both ways. I have enclosed the name list of the students for your kind consideration. My e.mail id is [email protected]. An early reply will help me collect the money and meet you to book our onward and return journey.

Thank you,
Yours sincerely,
M. Prabu

To
The Chief Reservation Supervisor,
Southern Railways,
Thirunelveli.

5. Write a letter to the curator of the museum seeking permission for a school visit.

17.06.2018
Thindivanam

From
M. Padmavathy Class leader,
XI-C section,
GGHSS,
Thindivanam

To
The curator,
Museum
Egmore
Chennai

Sir,
Sub: GGHSS – Thindivanam seeking permission to visit museum – Reg.
A team of SO students wish to visit your museum on 17.08.2018. We will be coming in two buses. Kindly arrange a guide who can detail each exhibit with its relevance to Indian culture and Tamil History. I leam that curators can help children understand the importance of every exhibit in the museum and effortlessly relate it to the age it belongs to and its relevance to modem times. Could I request you to grant us permission to visit the museum on 17.08.2018 and get the benefit of your expert guidance and a well-experienced guide who can explain things well in Tamil.

Thank you,
Yours sincerely,
M. Padmavathy.

To
The curator,
Museum, Egmore
Chennai

Task:

(a) Respond to the following advertisements.

Classified Advertisement

WANTED 100 part-time Graphic Artists
Experienced in Photoshop and Indesign-
Salary negotiable. Apply to: MM Graphics,
Triplicane, Chennai – 5 or Mail your Resume to [email protected]
Answer:
From: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Sub: Applying for part – time graphic artist
Dear Sir,

With reference to your advertisement in The Hindu for the post of 100 – part time Graphic Artist with experience in Photoshop and Indesign. I hereby wish to apply for the same.

I am doing my second year B.Sc. (Computer science) in SIEVT college as a part time student from 4 to 9 p.m. Thereby I am free in the morning from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. I have a working knowledge too of Photoshop and Indesign. I have also completed a crash course CSC. Please find enclosed my resume for your kind perusal.

Resume

Name : A. Parveen
Father’s Name : K. Akbar
Date of birth : 02.04.1988
Language known : English, Hindi, Urdu & Tamil
Qualification : BSC II year, CSC (Doing) SSLC : 450/500 in Nirmala Girls Hr. Sec School, Triplicane in 2014 HSC : 1100/1200 in Nirmala Girls Hr. Sec school Triplicane in 2016
Technical Qualification : 3 months crash course Indesign in 2015-16 3 months crash course in Photoshop in 2016-17
Salary Expected : Rs. 12000/- P.M
Address For communication : A. Parveen D/o. Akbar No. 18, Pallivasal Street, Triplicane Chennai. Email Id: [email protected]

Awaiting your e-mail
Yours sincerely,
A. Parveen

b. Block Advertisement

Female IELTS Teachers Required
Postgraduates in English with a minimum
of 3 years experience.
Must be bold and confident
Good salary, transport and food allowance
provided, Apply to:
Arv Institute of Languages,
149B, Bose Road, Coimbatore
Ph: 98400 XXXXX
Email: [email protected]

From: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Sub: Applying for the post of IELTS teachers- Reg.

Sir

I am glad to learn that you have a position to handle IELTS Class. I got through IELT courses way back in 2015. I’ve been working as a language teacher in Millennium school near Airport. Though I am getting a decent salary, I wish to switch over to training. Training youngsters whose ambitions are sky high is thrilling. Teaching English to adults is my forte. I’ve already been a trainer in British council for a year. I’ve enclosed photo copies of my credentials for your reference. Send you call letter to [email protected]. Looking forward to meeting you.

Yours sincerely,
K. Suguna.

Encl:
1. Resume
2. Photo copies of certificates

Resume

Name : K. Suguna
Date of birth : 03.03.1990
Address : No. 18, Kamban Street,
Ambattur,
Chennai.
Qualification : B.Ed -Teacher Education University 2015-2016 – 55%
MA English – University of Madras 2013-2014 – 60%
B.A. English – Women’s Christian College
Nungambakkam 2012-2013-58%
HSC – Presidency girls HSS Egmore 2008-09 – 80%
SSLC – Presidency girls HSS Egmore 2005-06 — 88%
Experience : Millennium school Alandur since June 2016
Salary drawn : Rs.20,000/- PM
Salary Expected : Rs. 30,000/-PM
Address For communication : [email protected]

Declaration
The details furnished above is true letter.to my knowledge. Looking forward to receiving your call letter
Date: 14.04.20xx
Location: XYZ

x x x x
Signature of the Candidate

Convocation Address About the Author

Dr. Conjccvaram Natarajan Annadurai (15 September 1909 – 3 February 1969), popularly called Arignar Anna was an Indian politician who served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (1967 – 69). He was a great orator and an acclaimed writer in Tamil. Jawaharlal Nehru hailed him as one of the greatest parliamentarians. He has published several novels, short stories and plays whicli incorporate political and social themes. C.N. Annadurai was awarded the C’hubb Fellowship at Yale University, the first non-American to receive this honour. The same year he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Annamalai University.

Convocation Address Summary

Societal development happens only through the hard work of many unsung heroes. Those who develop their potential by drawing on the resources of the society need to pay back after they graduate. Dr. C. M. Annadurai conveyed his gratitude for inviting him to deliver the Convocation Address at Annamalai University in 1967. He wished the fresh graduates a prosperous future. He accepted that is was difficult to provide them with appropriate guidelines to success in life. However, he shared cardinal principles enunciated by those eminent scholars who had done so earlier. He chose to replay those ideas as a common man as he interpreted them without any sophistication of language. Universities in the past gave access to scholars and poets to adorn the chambers of royalty.

They were for royal mansion and not for market place. Today universities have the responsibility to fashion out of every individual fitted and equipped for the task of making democracy fruitful and effective. According to Dr. Radhakrishnan, “Universities ensure the democratic way of life for the future generations.” Though earning a decent living is an important objective, it shouldn’t be the only objective. The university graduate should feel indebted to the community. Universities are sustained by the revenue paid by peasants and poor people. Unless graduates replenish the social chest, it will become an empty offer.

The speaker was quite aware of the social challenges the graduates might face. He advised them to emulate men and woman endowed with the spirit of service and carry on the crusade against poverty and other social ills. He was hopeful that Tamils, being the inheritors of a great culture will have the strength to over come social challenges and serve the society to the best of their abilities. He wished that they were bound to win and brighten the entire land.

Convocation Address Glossary

Textual:
autocracy – government by one ruler
cloistered – restricted
conferred – granted a title, degree, benefit or right
confronting – aggressively resisting
crusade – campaign for a good cause/holy war
despondent – depressed, frustrated
emissaries – deputies
endowed – gifted
enunciated – spoke clearly
eschewed – have nothing to do with
feudal – having to do with the Middle Ages, old
indebted – obliged to repay
inherent – inborn
inheritors – successors
lustre – glow of reflected light
perils – dangers and risks
perseverance – continued effort, steadfastness
reiterate – say or do again
replenish – refill
repositories – storehouses
ruggedness – strength, toughness
secluded spheres – isolated areas
sermons – speeches on moral subjects
tillers – persons who produce crops / raise animals, cultivators
toilers – workers, people who perform

Additional:
appropriate – suitable
cardinal (adj) – most important
concern -worry
eminent – famous
emulate – follow
gratitude – thanks
indebted – bound
peasant – poor farmers
prosperous -rich
responsibility – obligation
sophistication – refinement

Convocation Address Synonyms

Choose the correct synonyms from the options given below. (Exam model)

Question 1.
A student embarks on a career after graduation.
(a) rupture
(b) begins
(c) completes
(d) summons
Answer:
(b) begins

Question 2.
The society has cradled and nurtured every graduate.
(a) sowed
(b) protected
(c) irrigated
(d) annoyed
Answer:
(b) protected

Question 3.
Graduation is the apt time to give back to the society.
(a) misfit
(b) appropriate
(c) irrelevant
(d) ineligible
Answer:
(b) appropriate

Question 4.
I am thankful for the unique honour.
(a) common
(b) special/unusual
(c) drab
(d) conventional
Answer:
(b) special/unusual

Question 5.
This Institution has conferred on me honour.
(a) fielded
(b) granted
(c) defied
(d) withdraw
Answer:
(b) granted

Question 6.
I shall only reiterate some of the cardinal principles.
(a) repeat/say or do again
(b) suspend
(c) reexamine
(d) reciprocate
Answer:
(a) repeat/say or do again

Question 7.
Wise men have enunciated those principles in the past.
(a) beat about the bush
(b) confused
(c) asserted
(d) spoke harshly
Answer:
(c) asserted

Question 8.
I do claim to represent him in all his ruggedness.
(a) meekness
(b) weakness
(c) toughness
(d) feebleness
Answer:
(c) toughness

Question 9.
Universities are repositories of knowledge.
(a) rented houses
(b) own houses
(c) storehouses
(d) leased houses
Answer:
(c) storehouses

Question 10.
Universities are the nursing ground for the emissaries of thought.
(a) admirably
(b) adversary
(c) foe
(d) ambassador/deputies
Answer:
(d) ambassador/deputies

Question 11.
We have eschewed monarchy.
(a) embraced
(b) accepted
(c) avoided
(d) relinquished
Answer:
(c) avoided

Question 12.
We have stayed away from autocracy.
(a) dictatorship
(b) militarism
(c) mobs
(d) royalist
Answer:
(a) dictatorship

Question 13.
We have inaugurated the era of democracy.
(a) Self-government
(b) Monarchy
(c) Bureaucracy
(d) Autocracy
Answer:
(a) Self-government

Question 14.
During the feudal days, universities were different.
(a) old/middle ages
(b) recent
(c) future
(d) modem
Answer:
(a) old/middle ages

Question 15.
Eminent scholars were not asked to confront problems of the masses.
(a) face/resist
(b) accept
(c) cowed down
(d) brow beaten
Answer:
(a) face/resist

Question 16.
They were content to work in secluded spheres.
(a) isolated
(b) swarmed
(c) crowded
(d) mobbed/congested
Answer:
(a) isolated

Question 17.
University today is not cloistered.
(a) liberated
(b) restricted
(c) limitless
(d) infinite
Answer:
(b) restricted

Question 18.
The task demands patience and perseverance.
(a) low effort
(b) persistence
(c) high loss
(d) heavy loss
Answer:
(b) persistence

Question 19.
Graduates should have faith in their inherent ability to shoulder responsibility.
(a) cultivated
(b) artificial
(c) inborn
(d) nurtured
Answer:
(c) inborn

Question 20.
Their philosophy was turned into dazzling garment for the privileged.
(a) lack luster
(b) gloomy
(c) glaring
(d) dim
Answer:
(c) glaring

Question 21.
The immediate concern of every individual is to acquire the means for a decent living.
(a) kindness
(b) worry
(c) indifference
(d) love
Answer:
(b) worry

Question 22.
You are deeply indebted to the community.
(a) thankless
(b) grateful
(c) loud
(d) quiet
Answer:
(b) grateful

Question 23.
That revenue comes from tillers of the soil.
(a) manufactures
(b) farmers
(c) pollutants
(d) wasters
Answer:
(b) farmers

Question 24.
The toilers did not enjoy this privilege.
(a) bosses
(b) workers
(c) kings
(d) leaders
Answer:
(b) workers

Question 25.
You should replenish it.
(a) exhaust
(b) refill
(c) consume
(d) deplete
Answer:
(b) refill

Question 26.
You must return hope unto the despondent.
(a) empowered
(b) rejoiced
(c) depressed/frustrated
(d) energized
Answer:
(c) depressed/frustrated

Question 27.
The world will disturb your determination.
(a) instability
(b) laziness
(c) uncertainty
(d) firmness
Answer:
(d) firmness

Question 28.
The sermons would become sweet nothings. .
(a) doctrines
(b) poems
(c) dramas
(d) debates
Answer:
(a) doctrines

Question 29.
Tvranny of all sorts may stare at you.
(a) kindness
(b) autocracy
(c) love
(d) happiness
Answer:
(b) autocracy

Question 30.
A continuous stream of men and women are endowed with the spirit of service.
(a) narrated
(b) gifted
(c) withdrew
(d) submitted
Answer:
(b) gifted

Question 31.
These service-minded people have been carrying on the crusade successfully.
(a) campaign fight
(b) killing
(c) campaign
(d) strike
Answer:
(c) campaign

Question 32.
Tamil are the inheritors of the rich legacy of culture.
(a) proprietors
(b) owners
(c) successors/heirs
(d) legacy
Answer:
(c) successors/heirs

Question 33.
The legacy of culture enables us to overcome even the adverse environment.
(a) bequest
(b) curse
(c) bane
(d) perdition
Answer:
(a) bequest

Question 34.
You are adequately equipped.
(a) legitimately
(b) aptly
(c) sufficiently
(d) legibility
Answer:
(c) sufficiently

Question 35.
I am confident that you are being sent into the wide world.
(a) despondent
(b) hopeful
(c) desperate
(d) annoyed
Answer:
(b) hopeful

Convocation Address Antonyms

Choose the most appropriate antonyms for the underlined words. (Exam model)

Question 1.
A qualified student embarks on his career.
(a) boards
(b) lands/disembarks
(c) climbs
(d) takes off
Answer:
(b) lands/disembarks

Question 2.
The society has nurtured the graduates.
(a) caned
(b) protected
(c) contemplated
(d) neglected
Answer:
(d) neglected

Question 3.
I intend to reiterate some of the cardinal principles enunciated by educational experts.
(a) spoken vividly
(b) faltered
(c) delivered
(d) articulated
Answer:
(b) faltered

Question 4.
I do represent him in all ruggedness.
(a) toughness
(b) tenderness
(c) strength
(d) might
Answer:
(b) tenderness

Question 5.
We have eschewed monarchy.
(a) avoided
(b) disturbed
(c) embraced
(d) dodge
Answer:
(c) embraced

Question 6.
It requires individual responsibility.
(a) personal
(b) modem
(c) classical
(d) empty
Answer:
(d) empty

Question 7.
It is the immediate concern of every individual.
(a) worry
(b) apprehension
(c) indifference
(d) anxiety
Answer:
(c) indifference

Question 8.
You are deeply indebted to the society.
(a) grateful
(b) thankful
(c) obliged
(d) unbliged
Answer:
(d) unbliged

Question 9.
You need to replenish the social chest.
(a) fill
(b) refill
(c) require
(d) empty
Answer:
(d) empty

Question 10.
Turn the despondent into optimistic citizens.
(a) desperate
(b) frustrated
(c) hopeless
(d) hopeless
Answer:
(d) hopeless

Question 11.
You are adequately equipped.
(a) sufficiently
(b) inadequately / insufficiently
(c) enough
(d) required
Answer:
(b) inadequately / insufficiently

Question 12.
They were content to work in secluded spheres.
(a) isolated
(b) congested
(c) interior
(d) inaccessible
Answer:
(b) congested

Question 13.
It is not just material advancement.
(a) progress
(b) backwardness
(c) development
(d) refinement
Answer:
(b) backwardness

Question 14.
In feudal days universities were different.
(a) old
(b) middle
(c) ancient
(d) modem
Answer:
(d) modem

Question 15.
Their wisdom meant for the selected was privileged.
(a) knowledge
(b) information
(c) intelligence
(d) foolishness
Answer:
(d) foolishness

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of 11th English to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Prose Chapter 5 Convocation Address Questions and Answers in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

Students can Download Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Population And Settlement Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Geography Solutions Term 1 Chapter 3 Population and Settlement

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Population and Settlement Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answer:

Population And Settlement Book Back Answers Question 1.
Caucasoid race is also known as ________ race
(a) European
(b) Negroid
(c) Mangoloid
(d) Australoid
Answer:
(a) European

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 7th Social Science Question 2.
_______ Race is Known as Asian – American Race
(a) Caucasoid
(b) Negroid
(c) Mongoloid
(d) Australoid
Answer:
(c) Mongoloid

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 7th Social Question 3.
The official language of India is _______
(a) Marathi
(b) Tamil
(c) English
(d) Hindi
Answer:
(d) Hindi

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Question 4.
Rural settlements are located near _______
(a) Water bodies
(b) Hilly areas
(c) coastal areas
(d) desert areas
Answer:
(a) Water bodies

Samacheer Kalvi.Guru 7th Social Question 5.
Arrange the following in terms of size
1.City
2.Megalopolis
3.Metropolis
4.Conurbation
(a) 4,1,3,2
(b) 1,3,4,2
(c) 2,1,3,4
(d) 3,1,2,4
Answer:
(b) 1,3.4,2

II. Fill in the Blanks

1. The Bushmen is found mainly in _____ desert in South Africa.
2. Lingustic stock is a group of _____ family sharing features and its origin.
3. In _____ Settlement, where most of the people are engaged in secondary and tertiary
4. _____ towns are generally located outside the rural Urban fringe.
5. _____ Settlement Come up around a place of Worship.

Answer:

1. Kalahari
2. language
3. Urban
4. Satellite
5. pilgrim

III. A) Match the following

Answer:

1. iii
2. iv
3. i
4. ii

B) Match the following

Answer:

1. iii
2. i
3. iv
4. v
5. ii

IV. Consider the following statement and (✓) Tick the appropriate answer.

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Question 1.
Assertion (A): There are numerous languages spoken in the world
Reason (R): The linguistic diversity in the world is vast.
(a) A and R are correct and A explains R.
(b) A and R are correct but A does not explain R.
(c) A is incorrect but R is correct.
(d) Both A and R are incorrect.
Answer:
(a) A and R are correct and A explains R.

Samacheerkalvi.Guru 7th Social Question 2.
Assertion (A): Thiruverkadu in Tamil Nadu is an example for pilgrim settlement
Reason (R): Iron and steel industry is located there
(a) R is the correct explanation of A
(b) R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is wrong and R is correct
(d) A and R are wrong
Answer:
(b) R is not the correct explanation of A

V. Circle the odd one

1. Fishing, lumbering, agriculture, banking
2. Himalayas, Alps, Rocky, Ganga
3. Chennai, Madurai, Tirunelveli, Kanchipuram

Answer:

1. banking
2. Ganga
3. Kanchipuram

VI. Answer the following.

7th Social Guide Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
What are the classification of Races?
Answer:
The major world Human races are

1. Caucasoid (European)
2. Negroid (African)
3. Mongoloid (Asiatic)
4. Australoid (Australian)

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Books Answers Question 2.
What is language?
Answer:
Language is a great force of socialization. Language, either in the written or oral form, is the most common type of communication.

7th Social Science Samacheer Kalvi Question 3.
Describe the classification of religion.
Answer:
Religion is classified as follows

1. Universalizing Religions
2. Ethnic Religions
3. Tribal or Traditional Religions

7th Samacheer Kalvi Social Question 4.
Define settlement.
Answer:
Settlement is a place where people live and interact through activities such as agriculture, trading and entertainment.

Question 5.
On what basis Urban settlements are classified?
Answer:
Urban settlements are classified on the basis of

1. Size of population
2. Occupational structure
3. Administration

Question 6.
Write a note on smart city.
Answer:
In an urban region, a city which is very much advanced in terms of infrastructure, real estate, communication and market availability is called a Smart City. E.g. Bhubaneshwar, Pune, Jaipur, Surat.

VII. Give reason

Question1.
India has a huge crucible racial mixing races since pre historic times.
Answer:

1. India is said to be one of the cradle lands of human civilization.
2. The ancient Indus valley civilization in India was believed to have been of Dravidian origin in northern India.
3. The Dravidian people were pushed south when the Indo-Aryan came in later.

Question 2.
Mumbai is a mega city.
Answer:
A mega city is a very large city typically with a population of more than 10 million people. Mumbai has these specifications and so it is a mega city.

Question 3.
Himalayas have dispersed settlement.
Answer:
Dispersed settlements are found in areas of extreme climate, hilly tracts, thick forests etc., In these settlements, houses are spaced far apart and after interspersed with fields. So Himalayas have dispersed settlements.

VIII. Distinguish between

Question 1.
It Physical Geography and Human Geography
Answer:

Question 2.
Language and Religion
Answer:

Question 3.
Vegroid and Mongoloid
Answer:

Question 4.
City and town
Answer:

Question 5.
Urban settlement and rural settlement
Answer:

IX. Answer the following in a paragraph

Question 1.
Write about the four major classification of races.
Answer:

1. Race is a biological grouping within the human species
2. Most widely found human racial types are based on traits such as head shape, nose shape, eye shape and colour, skin colour, stature, blood groups etc.,
3. The major world Human races are

(a) Caucasoid (European)
(b) Negroid (African)
(c) Mongoloid (Asiatic)
(d) Australoid (Australian)

(a) Caucasoid: Fair skin and dark brown eyes, wavy hair and narrow nose. The Caucasoid are also found in Eurasia.
(b) Negroid: Dark eyes, Black skin, Black wooly hair, wide nose, long head, and thick lips. They are living in different parts of Africa.
(c) Mongoloids: Light yellow to brown skin, straight hair, flat face, broad head and medium nose. Such people are found in Asia and Arctic region.
(d) Australoid: Wide nose, curly hair dark skin, and short in height. They are living in Australia and Asia.

Question 2.
Write about the main features of religious life.
Answer:
Religion means a particular system of faith and worship, which brings human being with human society. Religion, is a symbol of group identity and a cultural rallying point.
it is classified as follows:

1. Universalizing Religions: Christianity, Islam and Buddhism.
2. Ethnic Religions: Judaism, Hinduism and Japanese Shintoism.
3. Tribal or Traditional Religions: Animism, Shamanism and Shaman.

Question 3.
What are the factors influencing rural settlement?
Answer:

1. Rural settlements are predominantly located near water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and springs where water can be easily available.
2. People choose to settle near fertile lands suitable for agriculture, along with the provision of other basic needs.
3. Factors Influencing Rural Settlement

(a) Nature of topography
(b) Local weather Condition
(c) Soil and water resources
(d) Social organisation
(e) Economic condition

Question 4.
What are types of rural settlement? Explain any three.
Answer:
A rural settlement pattern is a function of relief, climate, water supply and socio-economic factor. It is broadly classified under the following patterns, such as Linear, Rectangular, Circular, Star like pattern etc.,

1. In a Linear settlement, houses are arranged along the either side of a road, railway line, river (or) canal,the edge of a valley,etc., E.g. the Himalayas the Alps, the Rockies.
2. The rectangular settlements are almost straight, meeting each other at right angles. Such a settlement is found in plain areas (or) inter montane plain. E.g.,Sutlej.
3. Houses built around a central area are known as Circular pattern of settlements. Such settlement develop around lakes and tanks.

X. Activity
Analyze
Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Population and Settlement Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
South India was dominated by the three kingdoms.
(a) Mughal
(b) Aryan
(c) Dravidian
(d) Rajput
Answer:
(c) Dr a vidian

Question 2.
promotes the transmission of ideas and the functioning of political, social
and religious systems.
(a) Language
(b) Caste
(c) Nationality
(d) Race
Answer:
(a) Language

Question 3.
have really brought the world closer.
(a) Religions
(b) Languages
(c) Settlements
(d) Technologies
Answer:
(d) Technologies

Question 4.
settlements are found in the Thar desert of Rajasthan.
(a) Compact
(b) Dispersed
(c) Rural
(d) Wet point
Answer:
(b) Dispersed

II. Consider the following statements and choose the right option given below.

Question 1.
Assertion (A): People choose to settle near fertile lands.
Reason (R): They prefer to live near low lying river valleys and coastal plains suited
for cultivation.
(a) Both A and R are correct
(b) Both A and R are wrong
(c) A is correct but R does not explain A
(d) A and R are correct and R explains A.
Answer:
(d) A and R are correct and R explains A.

Question 2.
Assertion (A): Sate and situation refers to the location of the actual settlements.
Reason (R): Choice of site depends on the Industries located around the locality.
(a) A and R are correct, R explains A
(b) A and R are correct, R does not explain A
(c) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
(d) A is correct and R is wrong.
Answer:
(d) A is correct and R is wrong.

III. A) Match the following

Answer:

1. iii
2. iv
3. i
4. ii

B) Match the following

Answer:

1. iii
2. iv
3. i
4. ii

IV. Answer In brief.

Question 1.
What is migration?
Answer:
The study of movements and mobility of population is called migration.

Question 2.
Name some Dravidian Languages.
Answer:
The Dravidian languages are Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Tulu

Question 3.
Why is understanding of different languages very easy now-a-days?
Answer:
The different means of communication and fast moving world advancement in technology understanding of different languages has became very easy.

Question 4.
What is the hierarchy of settlements?
Answer:
A hierarchy of settlements

Question 5.
What are Megalopolis? Give examples.
Answer:
The word megalopolis is given for a large conurbation, when two or more large cities whose total population exceeds ten million. Eg., Washington D.C, Kolkata

Question 6.
What is a satellite town? Give examples.
Answer:
A satellite town is a town designed to house the over population of a major city, but is located well beyond the limits of that city. Eg., Patna, Barauni, Varanasi and Hajipur

V. Answer in a Detail

Question 1.
Write a paragraph about the form and type of house in early periods of settlement
Answer:
Old House Types

1. In the early periods of human settlement, houses were built using local materials.
2. In the agricultural regions, houses were built with mud walls and the roof was made of stalks of paddy (or) other crops of grass (or) thatch.
3. Local wood was used to provide frame for the roof.
4. Such old houses had wide verandahs and an open air circulation.
5. The size of the house depended on the economic status of its inhabitants.

Students can Download Maths Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.2 Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 2 Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.2

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Term 2 Question 1.
Find the area of the dining table whose diameter is 105 cm.
Solution:
Diameter of the dinig table (d) = 105 cm
∴ Radius r = \(\frac { d }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac { 105 }{ 2 } \) cm
Area of the circle = π r² = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × \(\frac { 105 }{ 2 } \) × \(\frac { 105 }{ 2 } \) = 8662.5 sq.cm
Area of the dinning table = 8662.5 cm²

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Solutions Term 2 Question 2.
Calculate the area of the shotput ring whose diameter is 2.135 m.
Solution:
Radius of the shotput ring r = \(\frac { d }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac { 2.135 }{ 2 } \) m
Area of the circle = π r²
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × \(\frac { 2.135 }{ 2 } \) × \(\frac { 2.135 }{ 2 } \)
= \(\frac { 25.07 }{ 7 } \) = 3.581 m²
∴ Area of the shotput ring = 3.581 m²

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Term 2 Maths Solutions Question 3.
A sprinkler placed at the centre of a flower garden sprays water covering a circular area. If the area watered is 1386 cm2, find its radius and diameter.
Solution:
Area of the Circle = π r² sq.units
Area of the circular portion watered = 1386 cm²
π r² = 1386
\(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × r² = 1386
r² = 1386 × \(\frac { 7 }{ 22 } \) = 63 × 7 = 9 × 7 × 7
r² = 3² × 7²
r = 3 × 7
Radius (r) = 21 cm
Diameter (d) = 2 r = 2 × 21 cm
Diameter (d) = 42 cm

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Term 2 Guide Question 4.
The circumference of a circular park is 352 m. Find the area of the park.
Solution:
Circumference of a Circle = 2 π r units
Given circumference of a circular park = 352 m
2 π r = 352
2 × \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × r = 352
r = 352 × \(\frac { 7 }{ 22 } \) × \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) = 56 m
Area of the park = π r² = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × 56 × 56 sq.units
= 22 × 8 × 56 = 9856 m²
∴ Area of the Circular park = 9856 m²

7th Maths Term 2 Question 5.
In a grass land, a sheep is tethered by a rope of length 4.9 m. Find the maximum area that the sheep can graze.

Solution:
Length of the rope = 4.9 m
Area that the sheep can graze = Area of circle with radius 4.9m
Area of the circle = π r² sq.units
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × 4.9 × 4.9 = 22 × 0.7 × 4.9 = 75.46
∴ Area that the sheep can graze = 75.46 m²

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Answers Term 2 Question 6.
Find the length of the rope by which a bull must be tethered in order that it may be able to graze an area of 2464 m².
Solution:
If the bull is tethered by a rope then the area it can graze is a circular area of radius
= length of the rope
Area of the circle = 2464 m²
π r² = 2464 m²
\(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × r² = 2464
r² = 2464 × \(\frac { 7 }{ 22 } \) = 122 × 7 = 16 × 7 × 7
r² = 42 × 72
r = 4 × 7 = 28 m
length of the rope r = 28 m

7th Samacheer Maths Guide Term 2 Question 7.
Lalitha wants to buy a round carpet of radius is 63 cm for her hall. Find the area that will be covered by the carpet.
Solution:
Radius of the round carpet = 63 cm
Area covered by the round carpet = πr² sq units
A = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × 63 × 63 = 22 × 9 × 63 = 12474 cm²
Area covered by the round carpet = 12,474 cm²

7th Std Samacheer Kalvi Maths Solutions Term 2 Question 8.
Thenmozhi wants to level her circular flower garden whose diameter is 49 m at the rate of ₹150 per m² Find the cost of levelling.
Solution:
Diamter of the circular garden d = 49 m
Radius r = \(\frac { d }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac { 49 }{ 2 } \) m
Area of the circular garden = πr² sq units
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × \(\frac { 49 }{ 2 } \) × \(\frac { 49 }{ 2 } \) m² = 1,886.5 m²
Cost of levelling a m² area = ₹ 150
∴ Cost of levelling 1886.5 m² = ₹ 150 × 1886.5 = ₹ 2,82,975
Cost of levelling the flower garden = ₹ 2,82,975

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Books Maths Term 2 Question 9.
The floor of the circular swimming pool whose radius is 7 m has to be cemented at the rate of ₹ 18 per m². Find the total cost of cementing the floor.
Solution:
Radius of the circular swimming pool r = 7 m
Area of the circular swimming pool A = πr² sq. units
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \) × 7 × 7 m² = 154 m²
Cost of cementing a m² floor = ₹ 18.
Cost of cementing 154 m² floor = ₹ 18 × 154 = ₹ 2,772

Samacheer Kalvi Term 2 Objective Type Questions

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Term 2 Question 10.
The formula used to find the area of the circle is
(i) 47πr²
(ii) πr²
(iii) 2πr²
(iv) πr² + 2r
Answer:
(ii) πr²

Question 11.
The ratio of the area of a circle to the area of its semicircle is
(i) 2 : 1
(ii) 1 : 2
(iii) 4 : 1
(iv) 1 : 4
Answer:
(i) 2 : 1

Question 12.
Area of circle of radius ‘n’ units is
(i) 2πr^p sq.units
(ii) πm² sq.units
(iii) πr² sq.units
(iv) πn² sq.units
Answer:
(iv) πn² sq.units

You can Download The Envious Neighbour Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf Supplementary Chapter 1 help you to revise complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 1 The Envious Neighbour

The Envious Neighbour Warm Up:

Discuss the following:

The Envious Neighbour Question 1.
Ratna Tata, Azim Premji are a few rich people of India who spend a part of their wealth on charity. What influences them to share and care for others?
Answer:
Philanthropic attitude leads to service and caring for others, sharing one’s joys with others, makes one’s life really worth living.

The Envious Neighbour Supplementary Question 2.
Think of any undesirable quality that you would like to get rid of and discuss it with your friends.
Answer:
My anger is my greatest enemy. All my friends praise me that I have a helping tendency and a sharing heart. But they don’t like me getting angry at times. When I get angry, I lose my self-control and create an unpleasant situation. I would like to get rid of this undesirable quality by keeping myself calm. When I get frustrated, I can count numbers from 1 to 20 slowly, so that my anger can subside during that time.

The Envious Neighbour 9th Std Question 3.
‘Do you like pets? Why?
Answer:
Yes, I like pets, especially dogs. I have a pet dog at home. I have named it as ‘Caesar’. It is a German Shepherd dog. Pet dogs are man’s best friends. They are loyal, intelligent, devoted and affectionate towards us. They are known to improve our own physical and mental health.

A. Identify the character or speaker of the following lines.

The Envious Neighbour Summary In Tamil Question 1.
They gathered the treasure.
Answer:
The honest old couple

The Envious Neighbour Questions And Answers Question 2.
The pine tree under which, I am hurried, to be cut down and made into a mortar.
Answer:
The dog to the good old man

Envious Neighbour Question 3.
They dug, and found nothing but a quantity of dirt and nasty offal.
Answer:
The envious neighbours

9th English The Envious Neighbour Question 4.
He had not to wait long before he was called into the prince’s palace, and ordered to exhibit his power.
Answer:
The envious old man

The Envious Neighbour Story In English Question 5.
BOW, WOW, WOW!
Answer:
The dog

Identify The Character / Speaker – Additional

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 9th English Question 1.
They seized the dog and killed him.
Answer:
The Wicked old couple

B. Based on your understanding of the story choose the right answers from the given options.

The Envious Neighbour Mind Map Question 1.
The old farmer and his wife loved the dog
(a) because it helped them in their day-to-day work.
(b) as if it was their own baby.
(c) as they were kind to all living beings.
Answer:
(b) as if it was their own baby

Samacheerkalvi.Guru 9th English Question 2.
When the old couple became rich, they
(a) gave the dog better food.
(b) invited their greedy neighbours to a feast.
(c) lived a comfortable life and were generous towards their poor neighbours.
Answer:
(c) lived a comfortable life and were generous towards their poor neighbours

Envious Neighbour Meaning In Tamil Question 3.
The greedy couple borrowed the mortar to make
(a) rich pastry and bean sauce.
(b) magic ash to win rewards.
(c) a pile of gold.
Answer:
(c) a pile of gold

C. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of about 80 to 100 words.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 9th English Guide Question 1.
The old farmer was a kind person. Justify the statement with suitable examples from the story.
Answer:
The old farmer was a kind man. He helped the poor and the needy with what he had. He had a pet dog, which they used to feed with fish and tit-bit from their kitchen. One day, when their dog helped them in getting wealth, they did not take all for themselves.

But gave alms to the poor and then bought for themselves rice fields and corn-fields. When his neighbour killed his dog, he did not scold him. He just wept for his pet, kept some food, burnt incense and adorned its grave with flowers. He also showed his kindness to his envious neighbours, as they were distressed, by giving them a share of his own riches.

The Envious Neighbour 9th Std In Tamil Question 2.
How did the dog help the farmer even after its death?
Answer:
The dog appeared in his dream, and told him to cut the pine tree, make it into a mortar and use it, thinking of it, as if it were the dog itself. Old man did as was told. When he ground his rice in it, each grain turned into some rich treasure.

The Envious Neighbour Summary Question 3.
Why did the Prince reward the farmer but punish the neighbour for the same act?
Answer:
The prince rewarded the farmer because he made all the withered plum and cherry trees in the palace to shoot out and put forth flowers. So the prince was happy with his magical powers and sent him home rejoicing with plenty of presents. Where as the neighbour of the good old man was punished because he couldn’t perform the act of reviving the trees, after scattering the ashes on them. The ashes flew into the prince’s eyes and mouth, blinding and choking him. So the guards caught him and beat him almost to death.

9th English Unit 1 Question 4.
Bring out the difference between two neighbours with suitable examples to support your view.
Answer:
The old farmer was an honest and a kind person. He showed kindness to everyone and helped the needy at all times. But his neighbour was an envious person. He was covetous and a stingy old man. These qualities of the two neighbours were clearly shown in the story, when they nursed the dog. The good old man fed it with fish and tit-bit from his own kitchen. But when the dog was borrowed for a few days by his neighbour, he prepared a great feast for it not out of concern but to flatter it to show them the place of wealth.

Earlier, the dog had received nothing but cuffs and kicks from this wicked man. When the dog did not help the wicked man, he killed it. The wicked did a lot of misdeeds to the good old farmer. Yet they forgave him and his wife and gave them a share of their own riches.

D. Refer to what happens in the folktale and complete the story with the help of the hints given in the mind map.

Answers:

1. dog, which
2. who came and borrowed the dog
3. killed it
4. and burnt it
5. and put them in a basket

The Envious Neighbour Summary:

An honest man lived with his wife. They had a pet dog, which they used to feed with fish and tit-bit from their own kitchen. One day, when the couple went to work in their garden, their dog stopped at a place and started to bark. When the couple dug that place, they found gold and silver pieces being buried there. They gathered the treasure and after giving alms to the poor, bought themselves rice-fields and com fields and became wealthy people.

Their neighbours, who were stingy old couple, envied them and borrowed their dog to see if they could find any treasure with the help of the dog. They led the dog out into the garden. It walked along the garden without any barking for a long time. At last, the dog stopped at a certain spot and began to sniff. They hastily dug the spot, but found only dirt and nasty things. Furious at being disappointed, the old couple killed the dog.

When the good old man came to know that his dog was buried at the root of a pine tree, with a heavy heart, he burnt incense and adorned the grave with flowers. That night, the dog appeared to him in his sleep and instructed him to cut down the pine tree where it was buried, make it into a mortar and to use it, thinking of it, as if it were the dog itself. The old man did, as he was told to do, but when he ground his rice in it, each grain of rice turned into some rich treasure.

Seeing this, the wicked couple borrowed the mortar. But as soon as they used it, all their rice turned into filth. So, in anger, they broke it and burnt it. One night, the dog appeared again to the old man in his dream. It told him to sprinkle the ashes of the burnt mortar on withered trees. The trees would revive and bloom with flowers.

He obeyed the dog, as instructed, bringing the dead trees to life. A certain prince utilised his power and gave him a rich reward. But the envious neighbours got thrashing from the guards of the prince, when they tried to do the same act. Finally, when the good old couple heard of this, they sent for the neighbours and gave them a share of their own riches. After this, the wicked people mended their ways and led a good and virtuous lives ever after.

The Envious Neighbour Glossary:

Students who are interested in learning of 11th English Grammar Error Spotting Questions and Answers can use Tamilnadu State Board Solutions of 11th English Chapter Wise Pdf. First check in which chapter you are lagging and then Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers Summary, Activity, Notes Chapter Wise. Students can build self confidence by solving the solutions with the help of Tamilnadu State Board English Solutions. English is the scoring subject if you improve your grammar skills. Because most of the students will lose marks by Grammar grammar mistakes. So, we suggest you to Download Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Solutions according to the chapters.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Error Spotting

Check out the topics covered in Grammar Error Spotting Questions and Answers before you start your preparation. Improve your grammar skills with the help of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf links. The solutions for Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Textbook are prepared by the English experts. So, if you follow Tamilnadu State Board Solutions 11th English Textbook Solutions you can cover all the topics in Grammar Error Spotting Questons and Answers. This helps to improve your communication skills.

Spot the errors in the following sentences and correct them:

Spot The Error For 11th Std Question 1.
He gave me a one-rupee note, (article error)
Answer:
He gave me a one-rupee note.

Question 2.
Though she is weak but she is active, (double conjunction)
Answer:
Though she is weak, she is active.

Question 3.
She kept the book in the table, (prepositional error)
Answer:
She kept the book on the table.

Question 4.
One of the boy has got the first prize, (subject-verb agreement)
Answer:
One of the boys has got the first prize.

Question 5.
Sylvester went to abroad, (deletion of the preposition)
Answer:
Sylvester went abroad.

Question 6.
Guilty must be punished.(missing article)
Answer:
The Guilty must be punished.

Question 7.
If they had contacted me I would help them. (Type III Conditional)
Answer:
If they had contacted me I would have helped them.

Question 8.
My father gave me a lot of advices, (singular-plural error)
Answer:
My father gave me a lot of advice.

Question 9.
He took up gymnastics when he was seven years old. (spelling error)
Answer:
He took up gymnastics when he was seven years old.

Question 10.
A group of twelve students are travelling together, (collective noun takes singular verb)
Answer:
A group of twelve students is travelling together.

Question 11.
If I was a bird, I would fly. (Type I Conditional)
Answer:
If I were a bird, I would fly.

Question 12.
He is my cousin brother, (usage error)
Answer:
He is my cousin.

Question 13.
Children prefer sweets than fruits, (‘to’ is used to compare just two subjects)
Answer:
Children prefer sweets to fruits.

Question 14.
John is best student in the class, (absence of the definite article)
Answer:
John is the best student in the class.

Question 15.
The principal with all the teachers are present, (subject-verb agreement)
Answer:
The principal with all the teachers is present.

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of 11th English to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Grammar Error Spotting Questions and Answers in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

Students can Download Accountancy Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Solutions Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Retirement and Death of a Partner Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

12th Accountancy 6th Chapter Solutions Question 1.
A partner retires from the partnership firm on 30^th June. He is liable for all the acts of the firm up to the …………………..
(a) End of the current accounting period
(b) End of the previous accounting period
(c) Date of his retirement
(d) Date of his final settlement
Answer:
(c) Date of his retirement

12th Accountancy Chapter 6 Question 2.
On the retirement of a partner from a partnership firm, accumulated profits and losses are distributed to the partners on the basis of …………………
(a) New profit sharing ratio
(b) Old profit sharing ratio
(c) Gaining ratio
(d) Sacrificing ratio
Answer:
(b) Old profit sharing ratio

12th Accountancy Chapter 6 Solutions Question 3.
On the retirement of a partner, general reserve will be transferred to the …………………..
(a) Capital account of all the partners
(b) Revaluation account
(c) Capital account of the continuing partners
(d) Memorandum revaluation account
Answer:
(a) Capital account of all the partners

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Guide Question 4.
On revaluation, the increase in liabilities leads to
(a) Gain
(b) Loss
(c) Profit
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Loss

Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 6 Solutions Question 5.
At the time of retirement of a partner, determination of gaining ratio is required …………………..
(a) To transfer revaluation profit or loss
(b) To distribute accumulated profits and losses
(c) To adjust goodwill
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) To adjust goodwill

Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 6 Retirement Solutions Question 6.
The final amount due to a retiring partner is not paid immediately, it is transferred to …………………..
(a) Bank A/c
(b) Retiring partner’s capital A/c
(c) Retiring partner’s loan A/c
(d) Other partners’ capital A/c
Answer:
(c) Retiring partner’s loan A/c

12 Accountancy Book Samacheer Kalvi Question 7.
‘A’ was a partner in a partnership firm. He died on 31st March 2019. The final amount due to him is ₹ 25,000 which is not paid immediately. It will be transferred to …………………..
(a) A’s capital account
(b) A’s loan account
(c) A’s Executor’s account
(d) A’s Executor’s loan account
Answer:
(d) A’s Executor’s loan account

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Solutions Question 8.
A, B and C are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 2:2:1. On retirement of B, goodwill of the firm was valued as ₹ 30,000. Find the contribution of A and C to compensate B:
(a) ₹ 20,000 and ₹ 10,000
(b) ₹ 8,000 and ₹ 4,000
(c) ₹ 10,000 and ₹ 20,000
(d) ₹ 15,000 and ₹ 15,000
Answer:
(b) ₹ 8,000 and ₹ 4,000

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Book Question 9.
A, B and C are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 4:2:3. C retires. The new profit sharing ratio between A and B will be ………………….
(a) 4:3
(b) 3:4
(c) 2:1
(d) 1:2
Answer:
(c) 2:1

12th Accountancy Samacheer Kalvi Question 10.
X, Y and Z were partners sharing profits and losses equally. X died on 1st April 2019. Find out the share of X in the profit of 2019 based on the profit of 2018 which showed ₹ 36,000.
(a) ₹ 1,000
(b) ₹ 3,000
(c) ₹ 12,000
(d) ₹ 36,000
Answer:
(b) ₹ 3,000

II. Very Short Answer Questions

12th Accountancy Solutions Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
What is meant by retirement of a partner?
Answer:
When a partner leaves from partnership firm it is known as retirement. The reasons for the retirement of a partner may be illness, old age and disagreement with other partners, etc.

Samacheer Kalvi 12 Accountancy Guide Question 2.
What is gaining ratio?
Answer:
Gaining ratio is the proportion of the profit which is gained by the continuing partner. Gaining ratio = Ratio of share gained by the continuing partners.
Share gained = New share – Old share

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 12th Accountancy Question 3.
What is the purpose of calculating gaining ratio?
Answer:
The purpose of finding the gaining ratio is to bear the goodwill to be paid to the retiring partner.

Samacheer Kalvi Accountancy 12th Question 4.
What is the journal entry to be passed to transfer the amount due to the deceased partner to the executor of the deceased partner?
Answer:

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
List out the adjustments made at the time of retirement.
Answer:
(a) Distribution of accumulated profits, reserves and losses
(b) Revaluation of assets and liabilities
(c) Determination of new profit sharing ratio and gaining ratio
(d) Adjustment for goodwill
(e) Adjustment for current year’s profit or loss up to the date of retirement
(f) Settlement of the amount due to the retiring partner

Question 2.
Distinguish between sacrificing ratio and gaining ratio.
Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accounts Guide Question 3.
What are the ways in which the final amount due to an outgoing partner can be settled?
Answer:
The amount due to the retiring partner may be settled in one of the following ways:

• Paying the entire amount due immediately in cash
• Transfer the entire amount due to the loan account of the partner
• Paying part of the amount immediately in cash and transferring the balance to the loan account of the partner.

IV. Exercises

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Question 1.
Dheena, Surya and Janaki are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2. On 31.3.2018, Dheena retired. On the date of retirement, the books of the firm showed a reserve fund of ₹ 50,000. Pass journal entry to transfer the reserve fund.
Answer:
Journal Entries

12th Samacheer Kalvi Accountancy Solution Book Question 2.
Rosi, Rathi and Rani are partners of a firm sharing profits and losses equally. Rathi retired from the partnership on 1.1.2018. On that date, their balance sheet showed accumulated loss of ? 45,000 on the asset side of the balance sheet. Give the journal entry to distribute the accumulated loss.
Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 12 Accountancy Question 3.
Akash, Mugesh and Sanjay are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2:1. Their balance sheet as on 31st March, 2017 is as follows:
Answer:
Pass journal entry to transfer accumulated Profit and prepare the capital account of the partners.

Capital Account

12th Accountancy Answer Pdf Question 4.
Roja, Neela and Kanaga are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4:3:3. On 1st April 2017, Roja retires and on retirement, the following adjustments are agreed upon:
(i) Increase the value of building by ₹ 30,000.
(ii) Depreciate stock by ₹ 5,000 and furniture by ₹ 12,000.
(iii) Provide an outstanding liability of ₹ 1,000 Pass journal entries and prepare revaluation account.
Answer:
Revaluation Account
Journal Entries

Chapter 6 Retirement Of A Partner Solutions Question 5.
Vinoth, Karthi and Pranav are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2:2:1. Pranav retires from partnership on 1st April 2018. The following adjustments are to be made:
(i) Increase the value of land and building by ₹ 18,000
(ii) Reduce the value of machinery by ₹ 15,000
(iii) A provision would also be made for outstanding expenses for ₹ 8,000.
Give journal entries and prepare revaluation account.
Answer:
Revaluation Account

Question 6.
Chandru, Vishal and Ramanan are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses equally. Their balance sheet as on 31st March, 2018 is as follows:
Ramanan retired on 31 st March 2019 subject to the following conditions:

(i) Machinery is valued at ₹ 1,50,000
(ii) Value of furniture brought down by ₹ 10,000
(iii) Provision for doubtful debts should be increased to ₹ 5,000
(iv) Investment of ₹ 30,000 not recorded in the books is to be recorded now.
Pass necessary journal entries and prepare revaluation account and capital account of partners
Answer:
Revaluation Account

Capital Account

Question 7.
Kayal, Mala and Neela are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 2:2:1. Kayal retires and the new profit sharing ratio between Nila and Neela is 3:2. Calculate the gaining ratio.
Answer:
New Profit Sharing Ratio and Gaining Ratio
Gain Ratio = New Ratio – Old Ratio
Kayal –
Mala = \(\frac { 3 }{ 2 }\) – \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) – \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\)
Neela = \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) – \(\frac { 1 }{ 5}\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\)
Gaining Ratio = 1:1

Question 8.
Sunil, Sumathi and Sundari are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 3:3:4. Sundari retires and her share is taken up entirely by Sunil. Calculate the new profit sharing ratio and gaining ratio.
Answer:
New Ratio – Old Ratio
Sunil = \(\frac { 3 }{ 10 }\) + \(\frac { 4 }{ 10 }\) = \(\frac { 7 }{ 10 }\)
(Sundari share is added with old ratio)
Sumathi = \(\frac { 3 }{ 10 }\)
New Ratio = 7 : 3
Sacrificing Ratio = 1:1

Question 9.
Ramu, Somu and Gopu are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 3:5:7. Gopu retires and the share is purchased by Ramu and Somu in the ratio of 3:1. Find the new profit sharing ratio and gaining ratio.
Answer:

Question 10.
Navin, Ravi and Kumar are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 1/2,1/4 and 1/4 respectively, Kumar retires and his share is taken up by Navin and Ravi equally. Calculate the new profit sharing ratio and gaining ratio.
Answer:

Question 11.
Mani, Gani and Soni are partners sharing the profits and losses in the ratio of 4:5:6. Mani retires from the firm. Calculate the new profit sharing ratio and gaining ratio.
Answer:
Since new profit sharing ratio, share gained and the proportion of share gained is not given, the new share is calculated by assuming that the share gained is in the proportion of old ratio.

Question 12.
Rajan, Suman and Jegan were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4:3:2. Suman retired from partnership. The goodwill of the firm on the date of retirement was valued at ₹ 45,000. Pass necessary journal entries for goodwill on the assumption that the fluctuating capital method is followed.
Answer:
Value of Goodwill = 45,000 x \(\frac { 3 }{ 9 }\) = 15,000
Journal Entries
Adjustment for goodwill

Question 13.
Balu, Chandru and Nirmal are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2. On 31st March 2018, Nirmal retires from the firm. On the date of Nirmal’s retirement, goodwill appeared in the books of the firm at ? 60,000. By assuming fluctuating capital account, pass the necessary journal entry if the partners decide to
(a) write off the entire amount of existing goodwill
(b) write off half of the existing goodwill.
Answer:

Question 14.
Rani, Jaya and Rathi are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2:2:1. On 31.3.2018, Rathi retired from the partnership. Profit of the preceding years is as follows: 2014: 10,000; 2015: ₹ 20,000; 2016: ₹ 18,000 and 2017: ₹ 32,000
Find out the share of profit of Rathi for the year 2018 till the date of retirement if
(a) Profit is to be distributed on the basis of the previous year’s profit
(b) Profit is to be distributed on the basis of the average profit of the past 4 years Also pass necessary journal entries by assuming partners capitals are fluctuating.
Answer:
(a) If the profit is to be distributed on the basis of previous year profit (2017) Rathi’s share distributed 3 months = ₹ 32,000 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\) x \(\frac { 3 }{ 12 }\) = ₹ 1600

(b) Average Profit

Question 15.
Kavin, Madhan and Ranjith are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4:3:3, respectively. Kavin retires from the firm on 31st December, 2018. On the date of retirement, his capital account shows a credit balance of ₹ 1,50,000. Pass journal entries if:
(a) The amount due is paid off immediately.
(b) The amount due is not paid immediately.
(c) ₹ 1,00,000 is paid and the balance in future.
Answer:

Question 16.
Manju, Charu and Lavanya are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2. Their balance sheet as on 31st March, 2018 is as follows:

Manju retired from the partnership firm on 31.03.2018 subject to the following adjustments:
(i) Stock to be depreciated by ₹ 10,000
(ii) Provision for doubtful debts to be created for ₹ 3,000.
(iii) Buildings to be appreciated by ₹ 28,000
Prepare revaluation account and capital accounts of partners after retirement.
Answer:
Revaluation

Capital Account

Question 17.
Kannan, Rahim and John are partners in a firm sharing profit and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2. The balance sheet as on 31st December, 2017 was as follows:

John retires on 1st January 2018, subject to the following conditions:
(i) To appreciate building by 10%
(ii) Stock to be depreciated by 5%
(iii) To provide ₹ 1,000 for bad debts
(iv) An unrecorded liability of ₹ 8,000 have been noticed
(v) The retiring partner shall be paid immediately
Prepare revaluation account, partners’ capital account and the balance sheet of the firm after retirement.
Answer:
Revaluation A/c

Capital

Balance Sheet

Question 18.
Saran, Arun and Karan are partners in firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4:3:3. Their balance sheet as of 31.12.2016 was as follows:

Karan retires on 1.1.2017 subject to the following conditions:
(i) Goodwill of the firm is valued at ₹ 21,000
(ii) Machinery to be appreciated by 10%
(iii) Building to be valued at ₹ 80,000
(iv) Provision for bad debts to be raised to ₹ 2,000
(v) Stock to be depreciated by ₹ 2,000
(vi) Final amount due to Karan is not paid immediately
Prepare the necessary ledger accounts and show the balance sheet of the firm after retirement.
Answer:
Revaluation Account

Capital Account

Balance Sheet

Question 19.
Rajesh, Sathish and Mathan are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2:1 respectively. Their balance sheet as on 31.3.2017 is given below.

Mathan retires on 31st March, 2017 subject to the following conditions:
(i) Rajesh and Sathish will share profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2
(ii) Assets are to be revalued as follows: Machinery ₹ 4,50,000, Stock ₹ 2,90,000, Debtors ₹ 1,52,000.
(iii) Goodwill of the firm is valued at ₹ 1,20,000
Prepare necessary ledger accounts and the balance sheet immediately after the retirement of Mathan.
Answer:

Revaluation Account

Capital Account

Balance Sheet as on 31.12.2017

Question 20.
Janani, Janaki and Jamuna are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:3:1 respectively. Janaki died on 31st December, 2017. Final amount due to her showed a credit balance of ₹ 1,40,000. Pass journal entries if,
(a) The amount due is paid off immediately.
(b) The amount due is not paid immediately.
(c) ₹ 75,000 is paid and the balance in future.
Answer:
Journal Entries

Question 21.
Varsha, Shanthi and Madhuri are partners, sharing profits in the ratio of 5:4:3. Their balance sheet as on 31st December 2017 is as under:
Balance Sheet as on 31st December 2017

On 1.1.2018, Madhuri died and on her death the following arrangements are made:
(i) Stock to be depreciated by ₹ 5,000
(ii) Premises is to be appreciated by 20%
(iii) To provide ₹ 4,000 for bad debts
(iv) The final amount due to Madhuri was not paid
Prepare revaluation account, partners’ capital account and the balance sheet of the firm after death.
Answer:
Revaluation Account

Capital Account

Balance Sheet as on 1.1.2018

Question 22.
Vijayan, Sudhan and Suman are partners who share profits and losses in their capital ratio. Their balance sheet as on 31.12.2018 is as follows:
Balance Sheet as on 31.12.2018

Suman died on 31.3.2019. On the death of Suman, the following adjustments are made:
(i) Building is to be valued at ₹ 1,00,000
(ii) Stock to be depreciated by ₹ 5,000
(iii) Goodwill of the firm is valued at ₹ 36,000
(iv) Share of profit from the closing of the last financial year to the date of death on the basis of the average of the three completed years’ profit before death.
Profit for 2016, 2017 and 2018 were ₹ 40,000, ₹ 50,000 and ₹ 30,000, respectively.
Prepare the necessary ledger accounts and the balance sheet immediately after the death of Suman.
Answer:
Profit-Sharing Ratio:

Revaluation Account

Capital Account

Balance Sheet as on 31.3.19

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Retirement and Death of a Partner Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
On the retirement of a partner, profit on revaluation of assets and liabilities should be credited to the capital accounts of …………………
(a) Retiring partner in their old ratio
(b) All partners in their old ratio
(c) Remaining partners in new ratio
(d) Remaining partners in old ratio
Answer:
(b) All partners in their old ratio

Question 2.
On the retirement of a partner, reserves should be transferred to the capital accounts of …………………
(a) Retiring partner
(b) Remaining partner
(c) All partners
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) All partners

Question 3.
Credit balance of Profit and Loss Account – appearing in the Balance sheet on the dealth of a partner is credited to …………………
(a) Deceased Partner’s Capital Account
(b) All partner’s capital account (including deceased partner’s capital account
(c) Remaining partner’s capital account
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) All partner’s capital account (including deceased partner’s capital account)

Question 4.
P, Q and R are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 4:3:1. P retires and his share is taken by Q and R equally. Calculate new profit sharing ratio of Q and R …………………
(a) 1:1
(b) 4:3
(c) 3:4
(d) 5:3
Answer:
(d) 5:3

Question 5.
In case of death of a partner, the whole amount standing to the credit of his capital account is transferred to ………………….
(a) Capital Accounts of all partners
(b) Capital Accounts of remaining partners
(c) His executor’s account
(d) Revenue Account of the Government
Answer:
(c) His executor’s account

Question 6.
A, B and C share profits in the ratio of \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\): \(\frac { 3 }{ 10 }\): \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\) C dies. The gaining ratio of A and B will be …………………..
(a) 1:1
(b) 1:3
(c) 5:3
(d) 3:1
Answer:
(c) 5:3

Question 7.
On retirement of a partner, the continuing partner’s capital accounts are debited with retiring partner’s share of goodwill in
(a) Old profit sharing ratio
(b) Gaining ratio
(c) New profit sharing ratio
(d) Equal ratio
Answer:
(b) Gaining ratio

Question 8.
N, S, and K have been sharing profit in the ratio of 3:5:7. K retires and his share is taken by N and S in the ratio of 3:2, the new ratio will be
(a) 12:13
(b) 3:5
(c) 2:1
(d) 3:2
Answer:
(a) 12:13

Question 9.
If at the time of retirement, there is some unrecorded liability, it will be …………………..
(a) Debited to Revaluation A/c
(b) Credited to Revaluation A/c
(c) Transferred to Old partners Capital A/Cs
(d) Transferred to All Partners Capital A/Cs
Answer:
(a) Debited to Revaluation A/c

Question 10.
The gain of remaining partners is equal to ………………….
(a) Their new share
(b) Their old share
(c) New Share – Old share
(d) Old share – New share
Answer:
(c) New Share – Old share

Question 11.
Which of the following is debited to partner’s capital at the time of retirement of a partner?
(a) General Reserve
(b) Profit on revaluation
(c) Accumulated losses
(d) Accumulated profits
Answer:
(c) Accumulated losses

Question 12.
At the time of retirement, of a partner, workmen compensation reserve after meeting the legal requirement is transferred to
(a) Revaluation Account
(b) All Partner’s Capital Account .
(c) Sacrificing Partner’s Capital A/cs
(d) Old Partner’s Capital Account
Answer:
(b) All Partner’s Capital Account

Question 13.
On the retirement of a partner, increase in the value of assets is recorded in ………………..
(a) Revaluation A/c
(b) Cash a/c
(c) Old Partner’s Capital A/c
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Revaluation A/c

Question 14.
Undistributed profit and losses – transferred to all the partners at the time of retirement of a partner ………………….
(a) should be
(A) should not be
(c) maybe
Answer:
(a) should be

Looking to improve English skills and gain more subject knowledge then the best resources that you can use here is Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions for Letter Writing Questions and Answers.

In the Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Guide for textbook solutions, subject experts covered all types of questions and answers related to the topics, quick notes, summary, solved & unsolved exercises, etc. If you are planning to prepare Chapter via textbook, then you’re suggested to go with this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers PDF for better understanding and preparation.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Letter Writing

English Subject experts who are having max years of experience prepared this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 10th English Letter Writing Questions and Answers. They have explained all the topics covered in the board prescribed latest syllabus in a simple way to understand easily. So, students can prepare English from this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Questions and Answers PDF. Download the Tamilnadu State Board 10th English Workbook Answers PDF by accessing the below links and learn properly for the final exams to score well.

Letters are the most common forms of written communication. Writing letters is an art and it is mastered through practice. We write letters to friends and relatives to maintain contacts with them. However, in the present times with the boom in methods of communication, many of us don’t have the time or the inclination, or the temperament and the art to write letters.

So telephone, fax, and e-mail have replaced personal (informal) letters. However, formal ‘ letters are still in vogue. Commerce, trade, official correspondence, public representation, complaints, and other dealings, transactions, and communication with the people are still (conducted through letters. Students are therefore advised to cultivate the art and skill of letter writing. It must be remembered that different kinds of letters follow different conventions. So, the format should suit the type.

INFORMAL LETTERS
These are ordinary personal letters and informal invitations written to relatives, friends, and acquaintances. The main characteristics of informal letters are:

• These letters are first/second person presentations.
• Personal feelings and emotions find an expression,
• The writer’s address is given in the usual place.
• The salutation is usually‘Dear’plus name’.
• The date of writing is given, but the year is generally omitted.
• The style and tone are relaxed and informal.
• Different tenses are used as sense demands.
• The complimentary close is: ‘Yours lovingly’or‘Yours truly’.

FORMAL LETTERS
A formal letter is different from a personal letter in tone and content. These letters are written for official purposes or commercial correspondence, so they must be systematic, specific in content and formal in treatment of the subject. The main features of formal letters are:

• The matter is brief, clear and to the point.
• There are separate paragraphs for separate topics.
• The first paragraph indicates the theme of the letter,
• The facts are stated in simple and direct language.
• Long and high sounding words are avoided.
• Even while lodging a complaint or making a criticism, the tone should be polite.
• Clumsy expressions should not be used.
• The complimentary close is: ‘Yours sincerely’, or ‘Yours faithfully’.

FORMAT/LAYOUT OF A FORMAL LETTER
08th March, 20XX
From
XXX
Sender’s Address & Phone No.

Respected Sir/Madam,
SUB: Frequent Power Failure

Body of the Letter

Thank you,
Yours sincerely,
XXX

Note: There is no punctuation after From and To Thank you has been used instead of Thanking you

Types Of Formal Letters
A. BUSINESS LETTERS

• Making enquiries/asking for information
• Replying to enquiries/giving information
• Placing orders and sending replies
• Cancelling orders
• Letters of complaints

B. OFFICIAL LETTERS

• Registering complaints regarding civic amenities, law & order, etc.
• Making inquiries pertaining to development projects, health facilities, etc.
• Making requests/appeals

C. LETTER TO THE EDITOR

• Giving suggestions on an issue (usually of public interest)
• Expressing views on an issue already raised in an article/write – up/in a published letter

D. LETTER OF APPLICATION

• Applications for jobs

Solved Questions
Informal Letter
(i) Write a letter to your mother informing her that your vacations will be starting on 15th April and will reach home on 16th of April.
Answer:

Chennai
02.04.2020

Dear mother,
I’m fine. I hope all are fine at home. My vacations are starting on the 15th of April and I’ll reach home the next day. Please prepare my favorite dishes mom. Counting days to be home. Love you ma.

Yours lovingly,
XYZ

To
Mrs. Malathi
12, MG Road,
Trichy

(ii) Radhika has got success in NEET. She wants to celebrate her admission to Shivaji Medical College, Nagpur by throwing a party to her friends. Help her write an informal invitation giving details of venue, time and date. Do not exceed 50 words.

18, Natesan Street,
T. Nager,
15th July, 20XX

Dear Vaishali,
You will be glad to learn that I have secured 80th rank in the NEET competition. I have got admission in a prestigious institution – Shivaji College, Nagpur. I want to share a few happy moments of my life in the company of my old friends at a dinner in the Hotel GRT grand days T. Nagar at 8.00 p.m. on 23 July, 20XX.

Please join the celebrations and merry-making.

Yours sincerely,
Radhika.

Address on the envelope
D. Vaishali D/O Krishnan,
18, VOC Street,
Vandalur.

(iii) Raju’s parents have completed 25 years of happy married life. Help him to invite his aunt, living in Kalayarkovil, to join him in the Silver Jubilee celebration of their marriage at his residence.

245, Greenway Road,
Chennai.
25th March, 2020

Respected Aunt,
My parents Sh. R.S. Swaminathan and Smt. Parvathi Devi will be completing 25 years of their happy, prosperous and eventful married life next month. We are going to celebrate the Silver Jubilee of their married life on 5th May, 2016. It will be a simple ceremony. Only family members and close friends are invited.

Do join us on this auspicious day.

Yours sincerely,
S. Raju.

Address on the envelope
Mrs. Leela, W/o Soundar,
8, Car St,
Kalayar Kovil.

Formal Letter Letter Of Request
(i) Madhu/Rajesh Dharmapuri is a student of class 10th. Write a letter to the Principal, Sishya Matriculation School, Dharmapuri, requesting him A her to open a career counseling center in the school to help and guide the students in the choice of subjects at + 2 level as well as at college level and to give other valuable advice/suggestions. Help him/her to complete the letter.

From
Madhu / Rajesh
51, Main Road,
Dharmapuri.
16th March, 2020

To
The Principal,
Sishya Matriculation School,
Dharmapuri.

sir,
Sub: Request to open a career counselling centre.

I am a student of class X in your school and is currently appearing for the Board examination. Very soon, we will have to make an important decision. We will have to select the stream/ subjects we should opt for at the +2 level. As you know, this is the most crucial decision of a student’s life. Most of the parents are unaware of the latest trends in educational/job fields. I, therefore, request you to kindly open a career counselling centre in our school to help us make the correct choice according to our aptitudes/talents as well as future job prospects. Expert guidance in the field will prove invaluable to us.

I hope you will consider my request favourably.

Thank you

Yours faithfully,
Madhu / Rajesh

Address on the envelope
The Principal,
Sishya Matriculation School,
Dharmapuri

(ii) You are Raja/Vaishnavi, Head Boy/Girl of your school. Help him/her in writing to arrange extra classes in Maths for the students of X classes. Give detailed reasons to support your demand.
Answer:

12 March, 20XX

From
Raja / Vaishnavi,
X A Student ABC Hr. Sec. School,
XYZ City.

To
The Principal,
ABC Hr. Sec. School,
XYZ City

Sir,
Sub: Extra Classes in Maths

The other day we were admonished about the poor performance in Maths in the Revision Examination. We have tried to search our souls, rack our brains and find out the fault. The reason is quite obvious. Our Maths teacher retired in August and stop-gap arrangements were made for three months by appointing temporary hands. Only last month we were able to get guidance from an expert and competent teacher like Mr. Murthy. However, a lot of our course remains uncovered and proper justice cannot be done to it in the regular periods only. Moreover, we have to make up the time-lapse. Drill, revision, and classroom tests also require certain periods. In view of the paucity of time available to us between now and the commencement of board examination, it is requested that some extra classes before/after school hours be arranged in Maths for Std. X.

I hope that the request of the students will be acceded to without any delay.

Thank you

Yours obediently,
Raja/Vaishnavi.
Head boy / Head Girl.

Address on the envelope
The Principal,
ABC Hr. Sec. School, XYZ City

Complaint Letter

(iii) You are Pramila of 32,3rd main road, Adyar, Chennai. Last week, you bought a mobile phone from ‘The Mobile Junction’, 20N, Muthulakshmi street, Chennai. The mobile phone developed a problem within a few days of its purchase. Write a complaint letter to the dealer giving details of the nature of the problem and asking him/her to rectify the defect or replace the phone.

Ms. Pramila
32, 3rd main road
Adyar
Chennai

29 April, 20XX
The Sales Manager
The Mobile Junction
20N, Muthulakshmi street
Chennai

Sir,
Sub: Defective Mobile Phone

I am a resident of Adyar, Chennai. I purchased a Samsung 4G mobile phone from The Mobile Junction on 22nd April, 20XX, vide cash memo No. 14219/18.1 am sorry to say that the mobile phone developed a problem within a few days of its purchase. The sound system is quite irritating and jarring. The camera doesn’t give a clear and deep impression. I feel cheated to have such a defective mobile phone after spending more than fifteen thousand rupees. It is quite unfortunate that even after sending two reminders, you have shown no urgency to rectify the defects or replace the defective mobile set at the earliest. I hope you will do the needful within a week. I am sure you will not compel me to knock the doors of the Consumer Court for this unpleasant lapse of time on your part.

Yours sincerely
Pramila

To
The Sales Executive
The Mobile Junction
20N, Muthulakshmi street
Chennai

(iv) You are R. M. Sridharan, the Head Librarian of M.G. Sr. Secondary School, Thuthukudi. Write a letter to Mrs. Atma Ram & Sons, Guwahati, complaining about the poor quality of books supplied to your library. You can invent your own details.
Answer:
R. M. Sridharan
M.G. Sr. Secondary School
Thuthukudi
25 March, 20XX
M/s Atma Ram & Sons
23, Fancy Bazar
Thuthukudi

Sir,
Sub: Poor quality of books ‘

We need no introduction. We are old customers of Atma Ram & Sons. But, I am constrained to express my displeasure at the poor and substandard supply of books by you in response to our order.
On examination, the following obvious discrepancies were found in the books supplied by you;

1. 40 textbooks of Mathematics by R.K. Sharma are of 20XX (old) edition. While these books are available in the latest 20XX editions in the market.
2. We ordered for 30 books of History of Ancient India by L.K. Gupta. However, we have been supplied with the books of the same title written by R.K– Gupta.
3. Some books are not in good and proper condition and can’t be accepted as such.

We hope you will do the needful without any further delay and replace them with their latest editions and in proper conditions.

Yours sincerely
R.M. Sridharan
(Head Librarian)
Enel. – Photocopy of the book – list.

To
M/s Atma Ram & Sons
23, Fancy Bazar
Thuthukudi

(v) Write a letter to the Station House Officer of Mattencheri Police Station in Cochin complaining him about the bad law and order situation in your area. You can give concrete and useful suggestions to protect and safeguard the interests of school and college going girls and senior citizens. You can invent your own details.
Answer:
James Mathews
4/12, Mattencheri Street
Cochin
10 March 20XX The S.H.O.
Mattencheri Police Station
Cochin

Sir,
Sub: Protecting female students and senior students from lawlessness

It pains me to express my strong resentment and anguish against the bad law and order situation prevailing in Mattencheri Residential Colony of Cochin.

Bad law and order situation has become an integral part of Mattencheri’s social and cultural scene. The recent day – light robberies and murders have sent a shockwave among the residents of the area. I would like to highlight the routine and regular harassment faced by the female students near their schools. In spite of the legal ban, wine shops do exist just in front of schools. Drunkards indulge in teasing and assaulting school girls. Even the kidnapping of a minor school girl last week didn’t arouse the conscience of the law and order authorities. It is not only the job of the administration to open new schools for girls but also their primary responsibility to provide them a safe journey from their house to their schools. All wine shops near school should be closed immediately. The bad characters and teasers must be given exemplary punishments. Senior citizens must be given a special protection. Complete records of maid servants and helpers must be maintained in the concerned police stations.

The need of the hour is to take effective and prompt actions to maintain peace and harmony in the area.

Yours faithfully
James Mathews

To
The S.H.O.
Mattencheri Police Station
Cochin

(vi) You are Anuradha, the Head Girl of Swami Vivekanand Sr. Secondary School, Patna. You are distressed at the unhygienic conditions in the school toilets. Even the classrooms remain dusty and dirty. Write a letter to the Principal of your school, complaining him of this unfortunate situation. Also give suggestions to improve the condition.
Answer:
Anuradha
X B, Swami Vivekanand Sr. Secondary School
Chennai
12 June 20XX
The Principal
Swami Vivekanand Sr. Secondary School
Chennai

Sir,
Sub: Unclean toilets and classrooms
On behalf of all students of classes IX and X, I want to bring to your notice the unhygienic conditions of the toilets in the school. Even the classrooms remain dusty and dirty for days together. The toilets in the school stink badly. It needs a lot of patience to go and use them. One can use them only by putting one’s handkerchief over the nose. The flushing system generally remain out of order. Most of the urine pots are broken. The leaked urine flows on the floor causing a nauseating odour. The condition of the classrooms is not much better. They are not swept or cleaned daily. A layer of dust and dirt gathers over the benches and desks. To be brief, such unhygienic conditions don’t go with this illustrious institution. They bring a bad name and create a bad impression on the outsiders. I hope that you will take some prompt action to improve the situation drastically in the near future.

Yours obediently
Anuradha
Head Girl
Class X

To ,
The Principal
Swami Vivekanand Sr. Secondary School
Chennai

Letter Of Enquiry

(vii) Write a letter seeking detailed inquiries from the General Manager, Holiday Inn, Puducherry for conducting the wedding reception of your younger brother at the hotel. Make specific inquiries about the catering cost per head, service and decoration charges. You can also ask for the advance amount to be paid. You are Krishna/Kamini.
Answer:
House No. 43/4
Civil Lines
Puducherry
20 May 20XX
The General Manager
Holiday Inn
Puducherry

Sir,
Sub: Enquiring about rates for wedding reception

The wedding reception of my younger brother, Mukesh will be solemnized on 20 June 20XX. We want to hold the ceremony and the wedding reception at your hotel. The party may include about 300 heads, including children. We would like to book four rooms in the hotel for the guests also. The ceremony may continue up to the early hours of 23rd June, 20XX.

Kindly furnish the following details regarding the reception function:

• Catering cost per head with menu details
• Service charges
• Decoration charges (stage and mandap)
• Room charges
• Advance money to be paid

We would appreciate if you send any other relevant information concerning the wedding reception.

Yours truly
Krishna/Kamini

To
The General Manager
Holiday Inn
Puducherry

Letter Of Placing Order

(viii) You are Laxman/Laxmi, the Head Librarian of Rammanna Public School, Nellore. Write a letter to Janta Book Depot, Nellore placing bulk order for books needed for the school library. You can invent your own details.
Answer:
The Head Librarian
Ramanna Public School
Nellore
12th July, 20XX
Sales Manager
Janta Book Depot
Nellore

Dear Sir
Sub: Order for books
We received the quotations sent by you regarding the purchase of books for the school library. We are glad to inform you that we have found your quotations acceptable to us. We welcome the 20% discount that you are providing on the books in general. However, we would expect a special discount that some dealers are providing on the bulk purchases for the educational institutions.

The list of books with their particulars are attached here with.

Books must be in their latest editions and delivered in good condition.

Yours truly
Laxman/Laxmi
Head Librarian

To
Sales Manager
Janta Book Depot
Nellore

Letter Of Cancelling Order
(ix) You are Ramkumar, Sales Manager of Modern Dresses, Madurai. You placed a bulk ’order with Shobha Dresses, Madurai for the supply of Gowns for your showroom. The firm has failed to execute the order. In spite of our many reminders, there is no positive response from them. Write a letter to the firm that you are constrained to cancel the order that you had placed before.
Answer:
K. Raman
Modem Dresses
TVS Nagar
Madurai
25th September, 2020
M/s Shobha Dresses Pandian Nagar Madurai

Dear Sirs,
Sub: Order for Gowns – Cancellation
I can express only my deep dismay and displeasure at the non – execution of the bulk order that we placed with you for the purchase of gowns on 10th August, 2020. The said order was to be executed within 10 days. However, when more than a month expired, you expressed regrets giving the strike of workers in the factory as the main reason of non – execution. We accepted your request for executing the order within a week. We condoned the delay keeping in view of our previous good business terms. As we have not heard from you recently, we have reasons to believe that cancellation of the said order is the only option for us. I hope that the cancellation of the said order will not affect our otherwise good business terms in future.

Yours faithfully
K. Ramkumar

To
M/s Shobha Dresses
Pandian Nagar
Madurai

Letter To The Editor
(x) The tourism industry can bring valuable income to the country. Write a letter to the Editor of a popular daily on how the government and the public can boost the development of this industry. You are Rama/Ram, 4 Rani Road, Tiruchirappalli.
Answer:
Ram
4, Rani Road
Tiruchirappalli
20 April 20XX

The Editor
The Hindustan Times
Tiruchirappalli

Sir,
Sub: Boosting tourism industry in India
Through the column of your esteemed daily, I want to highlight the tremendous potentiality that the tourism industry has in India. The tourism industry can easily be a money-spinner as it can bring valuable income to the country. Let’s first explore the new avenues for international tourists in India. It has been a great shame for us that India has not been even among the top ten in the international market. We have breathtaking views of the Himalayas, beautiful valleys, wonderful hill stations, very rich wildlife, including the tiger and the rhino reserves. India can boast of fascinating beaches in Goa and Kerala. We have the Taj Mahal and the Fatehpur Sikri in Agra; Madurai and Tanjavur in Tamil Nadu; Sanchi in MP and Nalanda in Bihar. The ghats of Varanasi and feudal splendors of Rajasthan need no introduction. Only we will have to revamp our strategies. We will have to re – woo our tourists. Instead of running after the recession hit western Europe and America, we must explore new avenues in China, Russia, and Brazil. China attracts 50.9 million tourists every year. India manages just 5.1 million tourists. We will have to fill up the gap.

Domestic tourism can’t be neglected. States like Karnataka and Kerala have shown the way to the other states of India. They have attracted budget domestic tourists by providing clean and affordable accommodation. Enhanced infrastructure, such as good roads, airports and good hygiene will attract more international as well as domestic tourists. Surely, tourism industry can bring valuable income to the country.

Thank you

Yours sincerely
Ram

To
The Editor
The Hindustan Times
Tiruchirappalli

(xi) You are Santhanam/Sapna. You are a regular visitor to the Prasad Nagar Lake. Of late, residents of the colony have been disturbed by the constant flow of foul-smelling water in the lake garden and generally failing cleanliness standards. Taking hints given in the input below, along with your own details, write a letter to the Editor of a local daily emphasizing the urgent need to improve the hygienic conditions of the park.
Answer:
Santhanam/Sapna
12, Swami Nagar
Prasad Nagar
Mysore
12 April 20XX

The Editor
The Deccan Herald
Bangalore

Sir,
Sub: Unhygienic conditions of Prasad Nagar Lake and its surroundings
Through the column of your esteemed daily, I express my anguish at the deterioration of Prasad Nagar Lake and its surroundings.
There was a time when Prasad Nagar Lake and its surroundings were considered to be the most beautiful spot in the area. It is a pity that within a decade everything has reached a stage of decay and deterioration. I am a regular visitor to the lake. Of late, residents of the colony have been disturbed by the constant flow of foul-smelling water into the lake garden. This has been caused due to the repeated bursting of a sewer line running next to the lake garden. The foul-smelling water accumulates and stagnates in the lake. This has resulted in a heavy presence of algae in the lake. It has hampered the boating facilities provided here by the authorities. The state of fish farming is quite deplorable.

I hope this letter will arouse the concerned authorities out of their hibernation. They must take immediate and effective steps to bring the lake and its surroundings back to its former grandeur and glory.

Thank you

Yours faithfully
Santhanam/Sapna

We hope the data given here will benefit you to the fullest extent at the time of preparation. For better understanding of English subject this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Answers for Class 10th English Letter Writing PDF is the best resource. Download & ace up your preparation. Keep in touch with us and get the latest information on Tamilnadu State board Textbook Answers PDF.

Students can Download Accountancy Chapter 8 Financial Statement Analysis Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Solutions Chapter 8 Financial Statement Analysis

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Financial Statement Analysis Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

12th Accountancy 8th Chapter Question 1.
Which of the following statements is not true?
(a) Notes and schedules also form part of financial statements
(b) The tools of financial statement analysis include common – size statement
(c) Trend analysis refers to the study of movement of figures for one year
(d) The common – size statements show the relationship of various items with some common base, expressed as percentage of the common base
Answer:
(c) Trend analysis refers to the study of movement of figures for one year

12th Accountancy Chapter 8 Question 2.
Balance sheet provides information about the financial position of a business concern ………………
(a) Over a period of time
(b) As on a particular date
(c) For a period of time
(d) For the accounting period
Answer:
(b) As on a particular date

12th Accountancy 8th Chapter Solutions Question 3.
Which of the following tools of financial statement analysis is suitable when data relating to several years are to be analysed?
(a) Cash flow statement
(b) Common size statement
(c) Comparative statement
(d) Trend analysis
Answer:
(d) Trend analysis

Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 8 Solutions Question 4.
The financial statements do not exhibit ………………
(a) Non – monetary data
(b) Past data
(c) Short term data
(d) Long term data
Answer:
(a) Non – monetary data

Accountancy Class 12 Chapter 8 Solutions Question 5.
Which of the following is not a tool of financial statement analysis?
(a) Trend analysis
(b) Common size statement
(c) Comparative statement
(d) Standard costing
Answer:
(d) Standard costing

Accounting Chapter 8 Answer Key Question 6.
The term ‘fund’ refers to ………………
(a) Current liabilities
(b) Working capital
(c) Fixed assets
(d) Non – current assets
Answer:
(b) Working capital

Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 8 Question 7.
Which of the following statements is not true?
(a) All the limitations of financial statements are applicable to financial statement analysis also.
(b) Financial statement analysis is only the means and not an end.
(c) Expert knowledge is not required in analysing the financial statements.
(d) Interpretation of the analysed data involves personal judgement.
Answer:
(c) Expert knowledge is not required in analysing the financial statements

Financial Statements Of A Company Class 12 Solutions Question 8.
A limited company’s sales has increased from ? 1,25,000 to? 1,50,000. How does this appear in comparative income statement?
(a) + 20%
(b) + 120%
(c) – 120 %
(d) – 20 %
Answer:
(a) + 20 %

Financial Statements Questions And Answers Pdf Question 9.
In a common-size balance sheet, if the percentage of non – current assets is 75, what would be the percentage of current assets?
(a) 175
(b) 125
(c) 25
(d) 100
Answer:
(c) 25

Financial Statement Analysis Solutions Pdf Question 10.
Expenses of a business for the first year were ₹ 80,000. In the second year, it was increased to ₹ 88,000. What is the trend percentage in the second year?
(a) 10%
(b) 110%
(c) 90%
(d) 11%
Answer:
(b) 110 %

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Financial Statements Solutions Question 1.
What are financial statements?
Answer:
Financial statements are the statements prepared by the business concerns at the end of the accounting period to ascertain the operating results and the financial position.

Financial Statement Analysis Chapter 8 Solutions Question 2.
List the tools of financial statement analysis.
Answer:

1. Comparative Statement.
2. Common Size Statement.
3. Trend Analysis.
4. Funds Flow Analysis.
5. Cash Flow Analysis.

Financial Statement Analysis Solutions Question 3.
What is working capital?
Answer:
Working capital statement or schedule of changes in working is prepared to disclose net changes in working capitals on two specific dates (generally two balance sheet dates). It is prepared from current assets and current liabilities.
Working Capital = Current Assets – Current Liabilities

Financial Statement Analysis Problems And Solutions Pdf Question 4.
When is trend analysis preferred to other tools?
Answer:
Trend analysis discloses the changes in financial and operating data between specific periods when data for more than two years are to be analyzed. It may be difficult to use comparative statement.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
‘Financial statements are prepared based on the past data’. Explain how this is a limitation?
Answer:
The nature of financial statement is historical. Past cannot be the index of future and cannot be cent percent basis for future estimation, forecasting, budgeting and planning.

Question 2.
Write a short note on cash flow analysis.
Answer:
Cash flow analysis concerned with preparation of cash flow statement which shows the inflow and outflow of cash and cash equivalents in a given period of time. Cash includes cash in hand and demand deposit with banks. Cash equivalents denotes short term investments which can be realised easily within a short period of time without much loss in value. Cash flow analysis helps in assessing the liquidity and solvency of a business concern.

Question 3.
Briefly explain any three limitations of financial statements.
Answer:
1. Lack of qualitative information:
Qualitative information, that is non – monetary information is also important for business decisions. For examole Efficiency of the employees and efficiency of the management. But this is ignored in financial statements.

2. Record of historical data:
Financial statement are prepared based on historical data. They may not reflect the current position.

3. Ignores price level changes:
Adjustments for price level changes are not made in the financial statements. Hence financial statements may not reveal the current position.

Question 4.
Explain the steps involved in preparing comparative statements.
Answer:
Following are the steps to be followed in preparation of comparative statement.

1. Column 1 : In this column, particulars of items of income statements or balance sheet are written.
2. Column 2 : Enter absolute amount of year 1.
3. Column 3 : Enter absolute amount of year 2.
4. Column 4 : Show the difference in amounts between year 1 and year 2. If there is an increase in year 2, put plus sign and there is a decrease put minus sign.
5. Column 5 : Show percentage increase or decrease of the difference amount shown in column 4 by dividing the amount shown in column 4 (absolute amount of increase or decrease) by column 2 (year 1 amount)

Percentage increase (or) decrease =

Question 5.
Explain the procedure for preparing common – size statement.
Answer:
Common – size statements can be prepared with three columns. Following are the steps to be followed in preparation of common – size statement.

1. Column 1. In this column, particulars of items of income statement or balance sheet are written.
2. Column 2. Enter absolute amount.
3. Column 3. Choose a common base as 100.

For example Revenue from operations can be taken as the base for income statement and total of balance sheet can be taken as the base for balance sheet. Work out the percentage for all the items of column 2 in terms of the common base and enter them in column 3.

IV Exercises

Question 1.
From the following particulars, prepare comparative income statement of Arul Ltd.

Answer:
Comparative Income Statement Analysis of Arul Ltd.
for the year ended 31.3.2016 to 31.3.2017

Question 2.
From the following particulars, prepare comparative income statement of Barani Ltd.

Answer:
Comparative Income Statement of Barani Ltd. for the year ended 31^st March 2017 to 31^st March 2018

Question 3.
From the following particulars, prepare comparative income statement of Daniel Ltd.

Answer:
Comparative Income Statement of Daniel Ltd. for the year ended 31^st March 2016 to 31^st March 2017

Question 4.
From the following particulars, prepare comparative statement of financial position of Muthu Ltd.

Answer:
Comparative Balance Sheet of Muthu Ltd. as on 31^st March 2017 to 31^st March 2018

Question 5.
From the following particulars, prepare comparative statement of financial position of Kala Ltd.

Comparative Balance Sheet of Kala Ltd. as on 31^st March 2017 and 31^st March 2018

Question 6.
Prepare common – size income statement for the following particulars of Raja Ltd. for the year ended 31^st March, 2017.

Answer:

Question 7.
From the following particulars of Maria Ltd. and Kala Ltd. prepare a common – size income statement for the year ended 31^st March, 2019.

Answer:
Common Size Income statement for the year ended 31^st March 2019

Question 8.
Prepare common – size income statement for the following particulars of Sam Ltd.

Answer:
Common Size Income statement of Sam Ltd.

Question 9.
Prepare Common – size balance sheet of Meena Ltd. as on 31^st March, 2018.

Answer:
Common Size Balance sheet of Meena Ltd. on 31^st March 18

Question 10.
Prepare common – size statement of financial position for the following particulars of Rani Ltd.

Answer:
Common Size Balance sheet of Rani Ltd. as on 31^st March 2016 to 31^st March 2017

Question 11.
Prepare common – size statement of financial position for the following particulars of Yasmin Ltd. and Sakthi Ltd.

Common Size statement of Balance sheet

Question 12.
From the following particulars, calculate the trend percentages of Kala Ltd.

Answer:
Trend Analysis of Kala Ltd Trend Percentage

Question 13.
From the following particulars, calculate the Trend percentages of Kavitha Ltd.

Answer:
Trend Percentage of Kavitha Ltd (in thousands)

Question 14.
From the following particulars, calculate the trend percentages of Kumar Ltd.

Answer:
Trend Percentage of Kumar Ltd (in thousands ₹)

Question 15.
From the following particulars, calculate the trend percentages of Anu Ltd.

Answer:
Trend Percentage of Anu Ltd (In Thousands)

Question 16.
From the following particulars, calculate the trend percentages of Babu Ltd.

Answer:
Trend Percentage of Babu Ltd (In Thousands)

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Financial Statement Analysis Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
Financial statements are meaningful and useful only when they are ……………..
(a) verified
(b) presented to owners
(c) Analysed and Interpreted
(d) Published
Answer:
(c) Analysed and Interpreted

Question 2.
Interpretation of Financial statements includes processes like ……………..
(a) Journalising
(b) Ledger writing
(c) Establishing relationship between the account data
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Establishing relationship between the account data

Question 3.
Trend analysis is significant for ……………..
(a) Profit planning
(b) Working capital management
(c) Capital rationing
(d) Forecasting and Budgeting
Answer:
(d) Forecasting and Budgeting

Question 4.
The three most useful general purpose financial statements for management are ……………..
(a) Income statement, Statement of Retained Earning and Balance Sheet
(b) Income statement, Balance sheet, and statement of changes in financial position
(c) Income statemen, Statement of Retained Earnings, and Funds flow statement
(d) Statement of Retained Earnings, Balance sheet and Funds flow statement
Answer:
(b) Income statement, Balance sheet, and statement of changes in financial position

Question 5.
In the case of limited company, the term financial statement includes ……………..
(a) Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet
(b) Profit and Loss Account, Profit and loss Appropriation Account and Balance Sheet
(c) Balance Sheet
Answer:
(b) Profit and Loss Account, Profit and loss Appropriation Account and Balance Sheet

Question 6.
The term Current Assets does not include ……………..
(a) Payments in Advance
(b) Bills Receivable
(c) Long – Term Deferred Changes
Answer:
(c) Long – Term Deferred Changes

Question 7.
The following is a recorded fact ……………..
(a) Market value of Investment
(b) Debtors
(c) Replacement cost of machinery
Answer:
(b) Debtors

Question 8.
The term Fixed Assets includes ……………..
(a) Stock – in – Trade
(b) Furniture
(c) Payments in Advance
Answer:
(b) Furniture

II. Fill in the blanks

Question 9.
The two statements which are generally included in the definition of financial statements are ……………..
Answer:
Income statement and Balance sheet.

Question 10.
Income statement …………….. the revenues and costs incurred in the process of earning revenues.
Answer:
Matches.

Question 11.
Balance Sheet is a statement of …………….. of a business at a specific moment of time.
Answer:
Financial position.

Question 12.
Assets and liabilities in a Balance sheet may be arranged either according …………….. order or …………….. order.
Answer:
Liquidity, permanency.

Question 13.
Financial statements disclose only …………….. facts.
Answer:
Monetary.

Question 14.
Profit and loss account also called as …………….. statement.
Answer:
Income.

Question 15.
Rearrangement of figures is necessary for …………….. and ………………
Answer:
Analysis, Interpretation.

Question 16.
Analysis of Financial Statements is meant for deriving additional information for various …………….. parties.
Answer:
interested.

III. True or False

Question 17.
Financial statement analysis is carried out as per Government regulation.
Answer:
False.

Question 18.
Financial statement analysis is performed with the help of various techniques and tools.
Answer:
True.

Question 19.
Common – size statements is a technique used in Financial statement analysis.
Answer:
True.

IV. Short answer questions

Question 1.
What are the features of financial statements?
Answer:

1. Financial statements are generally prepared at the end of an accouning period based on transactions recorded in the books of accounts.
2. These statements are prepared for the organisation as a whole.
3. Information is presented in a meaningful way by grouping items of similar nature such as fixed assets and current assets.
4. Financial statements are prepared based on historical cost.
5. Financial statements are prepared based on accounting principles and Accounting standards, which make financial statements comparable and realistic.
6. Financial statements involve personal judgement in certain cases. For example, selection of method of depreciation and percentage of reserves, etc.

Question 2.
Explain the significance of financial statements.
Answer:

1. To Management: Financial statements provide information to the management to take decision and to have control over business activities, in various areas.
2. To Shareholders: Financial statements help the shareholders to know whether the business has potential for growth and to decide to continue their share holding.
3. To potential investors: Financial statements help to value the securities and compare it with those of other business concerns before making their investment decisions.
4. To Creditors: Creditors can get information about the ability of the business to repay the debts from financial statements.
5. To Bankers: Information given in the financial statements is significant to the bankers to assess whether there is a adequate security to cover the amount of the loan or overdraft.
6. To Government: Financial statements are significant to government to assess the tax liability of business concerns and to frame and amend industrial policies.
7. To Employees: Through the financial statements, the employees can assess the ability of the business to pay salaries and whether they have future growth in the concern.

Question 3.
Explain the objectives of financial statement analysis.
Answer:

1. To analyse the profitability and earing capacity.
2. To study the long term and short term solvency of the business.
3. To determine the efficiency in operations and use of assets.
4. To determine the efficiency of the management and employees.
5. To determine the trend in sales and production, etc.
6. To forecast for future and prepare budgets.
7. To make inter – firm and intra – firm comparisons.

V. Exercise

Question 1.
From the following prepare “Comparative Statement of Proft and Loss” of Good Service Ltd.

Answer:
Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss for the years ended 31^st March 2012 and 2013

Question 2.
Prepare Common – size statement of Genius Paper work Ltd.

Answer:
Common – size Income Statement for the year ended 31^st March 2016 and 2017

Question 3.
From the following figures compute trend percentage using 2005 as the base year.

Answer:

Question 4.
From the following balance sheet extracts, compute trend percentage and comment on the liquidity positon of X ltd. You may take 1990 as base year.

Answer:
Statement showing Trend Percentages

Are you searching for the Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Chapter Wise Solutions PDF? Then, get your Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chapter Wise Solutions PDF for free on our website. Students can Download Chemistry Chapter 2 p-Block Elements – I Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 2 p-Block Elements – I

All concepts are explained in an easy way on our website. So, students can easily learn and practice Tamilnadu State Board 12th Chemistry Chapter 2 p-Block Elements – I Question and Answers. You can enjoy the digitized learning with the help of the Tamilnadu State Board Chemistry Online Material.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry p-Block Elements – I TextBook Evalution

I. Choose the correct answer:

12th Chemistry Chapter 2 Book Back Answers Question 1.
An aqueous solution of borax is …………
(a) neutral
(b) acidic
(c) basic
(d) amphoteric
Answer:
(c) basic.

12th Chemistry Lesson 2 Book Back Answers Question 2.
Boric acid is an acid because its molecule …………
(a) contains replaceable H⁺ ion
(b) gives up a proton
(c) combines with proton to form water molecule
(d) accepts OH^– from water, releasing proton.
Answer:
(d) accepts OH^– from water, releasing proton

Hint: B(OH)₃ + H₂O \(\rightleftharpoons\) [B(OH)₄]^–+ H⁺

12th Chemistry Samacheer Kalvi Question 3.
Which among the following is not a borane?
(a) B₂H₆
(b) B₃H₆
(C) B₄H₁₀
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) B₂H₆
Hint:

• Nido borane – B_nH_4+n
• aracno borane – B_nH_6+n , B₃H₆ is not a borane

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Question 4.
Which of the following metals has the largest abundance in the earth’s crust?
(a) Aluminium
(b) calcium
(c) Magnesium
(d) Sodium
Answer:
(a) Aluminium

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 12th Chemistry Question 5.
In diborane, the number of electrons that accounts for banana bonds is …………
(a) six
(b) two
(c) four
(d) three
Answer:
(c) four

Hint: There are two 3c – 2e^– bonds i.e., the bonding in the bridges account for 4 electrons.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Solutions Question 6.
The element that does not show catenation among the following p-block elements is …………
(a) Carbon
(b) silicon
(c) Lead
(d) germanium
Answer:
(c) Lead

12th Chemistry Solutions Samacheer Kalvi Question 7.
Carbon atoms in fullerene with formula C₆₀ have …………
(a) sp³ hybridised
(b) sp hybridised
(c) sp² hybridised
(d) partially sp² and partially sp³ hybridised
Answer:
(c) sp² hybridised

12 Chemistry Samacheer Kalvi Question 8.
Oxidation state of carbon in its hydrides …………
(a) +4
(b) -4
(c) +3
(d) +2
Answer:
(a) +4
Hint: CH₄⁺in which the oxidation state of carbon is 4.

Samacheer 12 Chemistry Solutions Question 9.
The basic structural unit of silicates is …………
(a) (SiO₃)^2-
(b) (SiO₄)^2-
(c) (SiO)^–
(d) (SiO₄)^4-
Answer:
(d) (SiO₄)^4-

Chemistry Class 12 Samacheer Kalvi Question 10.
The repeating unit in silicone is …………

Answer:

Class 12 Chemistry Samacheer Kalvi Question 11.
Which of these is not a monomer for a high molecular mass silicone polymer?
(a) Me₃SiCl
(b) PhSiCl₃
(c) MeSiCl₃
(d) Me₃SiCl₃
Answer:
(a) Me₃SiCl

Samacheerkalvi.Guru 12th Chemistry Question 12.
Which of the following is not sp² hybridised?
(a) Graphite
(b) graphene
(c) Fullerene
(d) dry ice
Answer:
(a) dry ice
Hint: dry ice – solid CO₂ in which carbon is in sp hybridized state

Question 13.
The geometry at which carbon atom in diamond are bonded to each other is …………
(a) Tetrahedral
(b) hexagonal
(c) Octahedral
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) Tetrahedral

Question 14.
Which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Beryl is a cyclic silicate
(b) Mg₂SiO₄ is an orthosilicate
(c) SiO₄^4- is the basic structural unit of silicates
(d) Feldspar is not aluminosilicate
Answer:
(d) Feldspar is a three dimensional silicate

Question 15.
AlF₃ is soluble in HF only in the presence of KF. It is due to the formation of ………… [NEET]
(a) K₃[AlF₃H₃]
(b) K₃[AlF₆]
(C) AlH₃
(d) K[AlF₃H]
Answer:
(6)K₃[AlF₆]
Hint: AlF₃ + 3KF → K₃[AlF₆]

Question 16.
Match items in column – I with the items of column – II ans assign the correct code


Answer:
(a) A – 2, B – 1, C – 4, D – 3

Question 17.
Duralumin is an alloy of …………
(a) Cu, Mn
(b) Cu, Al, Mg
(c) Al, Mn
(d) Al, Cu, Mn, Mg
Answer:
(d) Al, Cu, Mn, Mg
Hint: Al – 95% , Cu – 4% , Mn – 0.5% , Mg – 1.1 %

Question 18.
Thermodynamically the most stable form of carbon is …………
(a) Diamond
(b) graphite
(c) Fullerene
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) graphite

Question 19.
The compound that is used in nuclear reactors as protective shields and control rods is …………
(a) Metal borides
(b) metal oxides
(c) Metal carbonates
(d) metal carbide
Answer:
(a) Metal borides

Question 20.
The stability of +1 oxidation state increases in the sequence …………
(a) Al < Ga < In < Tl
(b) Tl < In < Ga < Al
(c) In < Tl < Ga < Al
(d) Ga< In < Al < Tl
Answer:
(a) Al < Ga < In < Tl

II. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Write a short note on anamolous properties of the first element of p-block.
Answer:
In p-block elements the first member of each group differs from the other elements of the corresponding group. The following factors are responsible for this anomalous behaviour.

1. Small size of the first member.
2. High ionisation enthalpy and high electronegativity.
3. Absence of d-orbitals in their valance shell.

The first member of the group-13, boron is a metalloid while others are reactive metals. Moreover, boron shows diagonal relationship with silicon of group -14. The oxides of boron and silicon are similar in their acidic nature.

Question 2.
Describe briefly allotropism in p- block elements with specific reference to carbon.
Answer:
Some elements exist in more than one crystalline or molecular forms in the same physical state. This phenomenon is called allotropism. Most common allotropes of carbon are,

1. Graphite
2. Diamond
3. Fullerenes
4. Carbon nanotubes
5. Graphene.

1. Graphite:

• It is the most stable allotropic form of carbon at normal temperature and pressure.
• It is soft and conducts electricity.
• It is composed of flat two dimensional sheets of carbon atoms.
• Each sheet is a hexagonal net of sp² hybridised carbon atoms with a C – C bond length of 1.41 A.
• Structure of graphite,

2. Diamond:

• It is very hard.
• The carbon atoms in diamond are sp¹ hybridised, with a C – C bond length of 1.54 A.
• In the diamond, carbon atoms are arranged in tetrahedral manner.
• Structure of Diamond,

3. Fullerenes:

• It is newly synthesised allotropes of carbon.
• The C₆₀ molecules have a soccer ball like structure and is called buckminster fullerene or buckyballs.
• It has a fused ring structure consists of 20 six membered rings and 12 five membered rings.
• Each carbon atom is sp² hybridised.
• The C – C bond distance is 1.44 A and C = C distance is 1.38 A.
• Structure of fullerene,

4. Carbon nanotubes:

1. It is recently discovered allotropes, have graphite like tubes with fullerene ends.
2. These nanotubes are stronger than steel and conduct electricity.
3. Structure of Carbon nanotubes.

5. Graphene:

• It has a single planar sheet of sp² hybridised carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystals lattice.
• Structure of Graphene,

Question 3.
Boron does not react directly with hydrogen. Suggest one method to prepare diborane from BF₃.
Answer:
Boron does not react directly with hydrogen. However it forms a variety of hydrides called boranes. Treatment of gaseous boron trifluoride with sodium hydride around 450 K gives diborane.

Question 4.
Give the uses of Borax.
Answer:
Uses of borax:

• Borax is used for the identification of coloured metal ions.
• In the manufacture optical and borosilicate glass, enamels and glazes for pottery.
• It is also used as a flux in metallurgy and also acts as a good preservative.

Question 5.
What is catenation ? describe briefly the catenation property of carbon.
Answer:
Catenation:
It is the phenomenon of an atom to form a strong covalent bond with the atoms of itself. Carbon shares the property of catenation to maximum extent because it is small in size and can form pn-pn multiple bonds to itself. The following conditions are necessary for catenation.

1. The valency of element is greater than or equal to two.
2. Element should have an ability to bond with itself.
3. The self bond must be as strong as its bond with other elements.
4. Kinetic inertness of catenated compound towards other molecules. Carbon possesses all the above properties and forms a wide range of compounds with itself.

Question 6.
Write a note on Fisher tropsch synthesis.
Answer:
The reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen at a pressure of less than 50 atm using metal catalysts at 500-700 K yields saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Question 7.
Give the structure of CO and CO₂.
Answer:
Structure of CO:

Structure of CO₂:

Question 8.
Give the uses of silicones.
Answer:
Uses of silicones:

1. Silicones are used for low temperature lubrication and in vacuum pumps, high temperature oil baths etc.
2. They are used for making water proofing clothes.
3. They are used as insulting material in electrical motor and other appliances
4. They are mixed with paints and enamels to make them resistant towards high temperature, sunlight, dampness and chemicals.

Question 9.
AlCl₃ behaves like a lewis acid. Substantiate this statement.
Answer:
In AlCl₃, Al in electron deficient it needs two electrons to complete octet so it act as lewis acid. AlCl₃ usually exist as a dimer to achieve octet by bridged Cl atom electron deficient compounds are lewis acids.

Question 10.
Describe the structure of diborane.
Answer:
In diborane two BH₂ units are linked by two bridged hydrogens. Therefore, it has eight B-H bonds. However, diborane has only 12 valance electrons and are not sufficient to form normal covalent bonds. The four terminal B-H bonds are normal covalent bonds (two centre – two electron bond or 2c-2e bond). The remaining four electrons have to used for the bridged bonds, i.e. two three centred B-H-B bonds utilise two electrons each.

Hence, these bonds are three centre – two electron bonds. The bridging hydrogen atoms are in a plane as shown in the figure. In dibome, the boron is sp³ hybridised. Three of the four sp³ hybridised orbitals contains single electron and the fourth orbital is empty.

Two of the half filled hybridised orbitals of each boron overlap with the two hydrogens to form four terminal 2c-2e bonds, leaving one empty and one half filled hybridised orbitals on each boron. The Three centre – two electron bonds, B-H-B bond formation involves overlapping the half filled hybridised orbital of one boron, the empty hybridised orbital of the other boron and the half filled 1s orbital of hydrogen.

Question 11.
Write a short note on hydroboration.
Answer:
Diborane adds on to alkenes and alkynes in ether solvent at room temperature. This reaction is called as hydroboration and is highly used in synthetic organic chemistry especially for anti-Markovnikov addition.
B₂H₆ + 3RCH = CHR → B( CH₂ – CH₂R )₃+ 6H₂

Question 12.
Give one example for each of the following:

1. icosogens
2. tetragen
3. prictogen
4. chalcogen

Answer:
1. Icosogens:

• Boron
• Aluminium
• Gallium

2. Tetragen:

• Carbon
• Silicon
• Germanium

3. Prictogen:

• Oxygen
• Sulfur
• Selenium

4. Chalcogen:

• Fluorine
• Chlorine
• Bromine

Question 13.
Write a note on metallic nature of p-block elements.
Answer:

1. The tendency of an element to form a cation by loosing electrons is known as electro¬positive or metallic character.
2. This character depends on the ionisation energy.
3. Generally on descending a group the ionisation energy decreases and hence the metallic character increases.

In p-block, the elements present in lower left part are metals while the elements in the upper right part are non metals. Elements of group 13 have metallic character except the first element boron which is a metalloid, having properties intermediate between the metal and nonmetals. The atomic radius of boron is very small and it has relatively high nuclear charge and these properties are responsible for its nonmetallic character.

In the subsequent groups the non-metallic character increases. In group 14 elements, carbon is a nonmetal while silicon and germanium are metalloids. In group 15, nitrogen and phosphorus are non metals and arsenic & antimony are metalloids. In group 16, oxygen, sulphur and selenium are non metals and tellurium is a metalloid. All the elements of group 17 and 18 are non metals.

Question 14.
Complete the following reactions:
(a) B(OH)₃ + NH₃ →
(b) Na₂B₄O₇ + H₂SO₄+ H₂O →
(c) B₂H₆ + 2NaOH + 2H₂O →
(d) B₂H₆ + CH₃OH →
(e) BF₃ + 9H₂O →
(f) HCOOH + H₂SO₄→
(g) SiCl₄ + NH₃ →
(h) SiCl₄ + C₂H₅OH →
(i) B + NaOH →
(j) H₂B₄O₇ \(\underrightarrow { Red\quad hot }\)

Answer:

Question 15.
How will you identify borate radical?
Answer:
When boric acid or borate salt is heated with ethyl alcohol in presence of concentrated H₂SO₄, an ester triethyl borate is formed. The Vapour of this ester burns with a green edged flame and this reaction is used to identify the presence of borate.

Question 16.
Write a note on zeolites.
Answer:
Zeolites:

1. Zeolites are three dimensional crystalline solids containing aluminium, silicon and oxygen in their regular three dimensional framework.
2. They are hydrated sodium alumino silicates with general formula, Na₂O. (Al₂O₃). x(SiO₂)y(H₂O) (x = 2 to 10; y = 2 to 6)
3. Zeolites have porous structure in which the monovalent sodium ions and water molecules are loosely held.
4. The Si and Al atoms are tetrahederally coordinated with each other through shared oxygen atoms.
5. Zeolites structure looks like a honeycomb consisting of a network of interconnected tunnels and cages.
6. Zeolite crystal to act as a molecular sieve. They helps to remove permanent hardness of water.

Question 17.
How will you convert boric acid to boron nitride?
Answer:
Fusion of urea with boric acid B(OH)₃, in an atmosphere of ammonia at 800 – 1200 K gives

Question 18.
A hydride of 2nd period alkali metal
(A) on reaction with compound of Boron
(B) to give a reducing agent
(C) identify A, B and C.
Answer:

1. A hydride of 2^nd period alkali metal (A) is lithium hydride (LiH).
2. Lithium hydride (A) reacts with diborane (B) to give lithiumborohydride (C) which is act as reducing agent.
   

(A) Lithium hydride – LiH
(B) Diborane – B₂H₆
(C) Lithium borohydride – LiBH₄

Question 19.
A double salt which contains fourth period alkali metal
(A) on heating at 500K gives
(B). Aqueous solution of (B) gives white precipitate with BaCl₂ and gives a red colour compound with alizarin. Identify A and B.
Answer:
1. A double salt which contains fourth period alkali metal (A) is potash alum
K₂SO₄. Al₂(SO₄)₃. 24H₂O

2. On heating potash alum (A) 500 k give anhydrous potash alum (or) burnt alum (B).

3. Aqueous solution of burnt alum, has sulphates ion, potassium ion and aluminium ion. Sulphate ion reacts with BaCl₂ to form white precipitate of Barium Sulphate
(SO₄)₂ + BaCl₂ → BaSO₄ + 2Cl^–
Aluminium ion reacts with alizarin solution to give a red colour compound.

Question 20.
CO is a reducing agent. Justify with an example.
Answer:
Both thermodynamic and kinetic factors make carbon monoxide (CO) a better reducing agent. When CO is used to reduce a metal oxide, it gets oxidized to CO₂ Thermodynamically, CO₂ is much more stable than CO. For example,
CO + Fe₂O₃ → 2Fe + 3CO₂

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry p-Block Elements – I Evaluate yourself

Question 1.
Why group 18 elements are called inert gases? Write the general electronic configuration of group 18 elements.
Answer:
The elements of group-18 have completely filled s and p orbitals, hence they are more stable and have least reactivity. Therefore group-18 elements are called inert gases. ns₂np₆ is the general electronic configuration of group elements.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry p-Block Elements – I Additional Questions

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry p-Block Elements – I 1 Mark Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
More common oxidation state for halogens is …………
(a) +1
(b) +2
(c) -1
(d) -2
Answer:
(c) -1

Question 2.
Electronic configuration of noble gases is …………
(a) ns²
(b) ns²np⁵
(c) ns¹np⁶
(d) ns²np⁶
Answer:
(d) ns²np⁶

Question 3.
Noble gases are chemically inert. This is due to …………
(a) unstable electronic configuration
(b) stable electronic configuration
(c) only filled p-orbital
(d) only filled 5-orbital
Answer:
(b) stable electronic configuration

Question 4.
Consider the following statements.
(i) The first member of the group-13, boron is a metalloid while others are reactive metals.
(ii) The oxides of boron and silicon are similar in their acidic nature.
(iii) Both boron and silicon form metallic hydrides.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are not correct?
(a) (i) only
(b) (ii) only
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) only
Answer:
(d) (iii) only

Question 5.
Which element has a greater tendency to form a chain of bonds with itself?
(a) Boron
(b) Silicon
(c) Tin
(d) Carbon
Answer:
(d) Carbon

Question 6.
Which one of the following is the strongest oxidising agent?
(a) Fluorine
(b) Chlorine
(c) Bromine
(d) Iodine
Answer:
(a) Fluorine

Question 7.
Some elements exist in more than one crystalline or molecular forms in the same physical state is called …………
(a) isomerism
(b) allotropism
(c) isomorphism
(d) isoelectronics
Answer:
(b) allotropism

Question 8.
How many allotropes possible for boron?
(a) 1
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 7
Answer:
(c) 6

Question 9.
Important ore of boron is …………
(a) bauxite
(b) borosilicate
(c) borax
(d) P-tetragonal boron
Answer:
(c) borax

Question 10.
Less reactive elements in boron family is …………
(a) Boron
(b) Aluminium
(c) Gallium
(d) Thallium
Answer:
(b) Aluminium

Question 11.
More toxic element in boron family is …………
(a) Boron
(b) Aluminium
(c) Gallium
(d) Thallium
Answer:
(d) Thallium

Question 12.
Boron does not …………
(a) Oxygen
(b) Hydrogen
(c) Acids
(d) Alkali
Answer:
(b) Hydrogen

Question 13.
Borontrifluoride reacts with sodium hydride at 450 K gives …………
(a) diborane
(b) tetraborane
(c) pentaborane
(d) decaborane
Answer:
(a) diborane

Question 14.
2B + N₂ \(\underrightarrow { \triangle }\) A . Identify A
(a) BN₃
(b) B₃N
(c) (BN)₃
(d) BN
Answer:
(d) BN

Question 15.
Boron reacts with fused sodium hydroxide to forms …………
(a) Borax
(b) Boric acid
(c) Sodium borate
(d) Sodium tetraborate
Answer:
(c) Sodium borate

Question 16.
Which isotope is used as moderator in nuclear reactors?
(a) ¹⁰B₅
(b) ⁿC₆
(c) ⁴He₂
(d) ⁴⁰Ca₂
Answer:
(a) ¹⁰B₅

Question 17.
Borax is ………… in nature.
(a) basic
(b) acidic
(c) amphoteric
(d) chemically inert
Answer:
(a) basic

Question 18.
The compound used as a flux in metallurgy?
(a) Boron nitride
(b) Boron oxide
(c) Boron fluoride
(d) Borax
Answer:
(d) Borax

Question 19.
The trialkylborate on reaction with sodiumhydride in tetrahydrofuran to form …………
(a) NaBH₄
(b) Na[BH(OR)₃]
(c) Na[B(OR)₃]
(d) Na[BH(OR)₃]
Answer:
(b) Na[BH(OR)₃]

Question 20.
Compounds used as an eye lotion …………
(a) H₃BO₃
(b) HBO₂
(c) H₂B₄O₇
(d) B₂O₃
Answer:
(a) H₃BO₃

Question 21.
Which one of the following is highly reactive compound?
(a) B₂OH₃
(b) H₂BO₃
(c) HBO₂
(d) B₂H₆
Answer:
(d) B₂H₆

Question 22.
B₂H₆ + 6CH₃OH → A Identify A
(a) B₂O₃
(b) CH₃OB
(c) CH₃OH
(d) B(OCH₃)₃
Answer:
(d) B(OCH₃)₃

Question 23.
Which one of the following is called as inorganic benzene?
(a) B₂H₆
(b) BN
(c) H₂B₄O₇
(d) B₃N₃H₆
Answer:
(d) B₃N₃H₆

Question 24.
Compound contains two centred – two electron bond (2c-2e) is …………
(a) B₆H₁₁
(b) B₅H₉
(c) B₂H₆
(d) B₁₀H₁₁
Answer:
(c) B₂H₆

Question 25.
Diborane reacts with excess ammonia at high temperature to give …………
(a) Boron nitride
(b) Boron oxide
(c) Borazole
(d) Diborane diammonate
Answer:
(c) Borazole

Question 26.
Consider the following statements.
(i) Diborane contains two centre-two electron bond.
(ii) In diborane, the boron has sp³ hybridis ed.
(iii) Diborane has two terminal B – H bonds and four B – H – B bonds.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct.
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) only
(d) (i) and (ii)
Answer:
(d) (i) and (ii)

Question 27.
Compound used for propellant is …………
(a) BN
(b) H₂B₄O₇
(c) B₂H₂
(d) Borax
Answer:
(c) B₂H₂

Question 28.
Which one of the following is double salt?
(a) Potash alum
(b) Potassium sulphate
(c) Aluminium Sulphate
(d) Ammonium sulphate
Answer:
(a) Potash alum

Question 29.
Consider the following statements.
(i) Alums are more soluble in hot water than in cold water.
(ii) Alums are more soluble in cold water than in hot water.
(iii) Potash alum is employed a styptic agent to arrest bleeding.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are not correct?
(a) (i) only
(b) (ii) only
(c) (iii) only
(d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
Answer:
(b) (ii) only

Question 30.
The structure of graphite is …………
(a) planner
(b) hexagonal
(c) octahedral
(d) bucky balls
Answer:
(b) hexagonal

Question 31.
Which one of the following is used as a lubricant?
(a) Graphite
(b) Diamond
(c) Fullerene
(d) Graphene
Answer:
(a) Graphite

Question 32.
Which one of the following carbon allotrope is very hard?
(a) Graphite
(b) Diamond
(c) Fullerene
(d) Graphene
Answer:
(b) Diamond

Question 33.
Recently discovered allotropes of carbon is …………
(a) Graphite
(b) Diamond
(c) Carbon nanotubes
(d) Fullerenes
Answer:
(c) Carbon nanotubes

Question 34.
CO and N₂ mixture is …………
(a) natural gas
(b) producer gas
(c) water gas
(d) LPG
Answer:
(b) producer gas

Question 35.
Syn gas is …………
(a) CO + N₂
(b) CO + H₂
(c) CO₂ + H₂
(d) CO₂ + N₂
Answer:
(b) CO + H₂

Question 36.
Ethene is mixed with carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas to produce propanal is known as …………
(a) Oxo process
(b) McAfee process
(c) Wacker process
(d) Haber process
Answer:
(a) Oxo process

Question 37.
………… is a good reducing agent.
(a) CO
(b) CO₂
(c) [Cr(CO)₆]
(d) [Ni(CO)₄]
Answer:
(a) CO

Question 38.
Critical temperature of CO₂ is ………..
(a) -31°C
(b) -13°C
(c) 31°C
(d) 13°C
Answer:
(c)31°C

Question 39.
Which one of the following compound is important for photosynthesis?
(a) CO
(b) CO₂
(c) COCl₂
(d) C
Anwer:
(b) CO

Question 40.
General empirical formula of silicone is ………..
(a) (R₂SiO)
(b) (RSiO)
(c) (R₂CO)
(d) (RSiH)
Answer:
(a) (R₂SiO)

Question 41.
Consider the following statements.
(i) All Silicones are hydrophilic in nature.
(ii) Silicones are thermal and electrical insulators.
(iii) Chemically silicones are highly reactive.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are not correct?
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (ii) only
Answer:
(b) (i) and (iii)

Question 42.
Silicate contains ……….. silicon and oxygen in units.
(a) [SiO₂]^4-
(b) [SiO₂]
(c) [SiO₂]^2-
(d) [SiO₂]^–
Answer:
(a) [SiO₂]^4-

Question 43.
Ortho silicates are also called as ………..
(a) Ino silicates
(b) Soro silicates
(c) Neso silicates
(d) Cyclic silicates
Answer:
(c) Neso silicates

Question 44.
Example of Ring silicate is ………..
(a) Olivine
(b) Beryl
(c) Spodumene
(d) Asbestos
Answer:
(b) Beryl

Question 45.
Pick out the three dimensional silicates?
(a) Talc
(b) Mica
(c) Quartz
(d) Asbestos
Answer:
(c) Quartz

Question 46.
Compound used to remove the permanent hardness of water is ………..
(a) Zeolite
(b) Feldspar
(c) Talc
(d) Mica
Answer:
(a) Zeolite

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. …………… is the general electronic configuration of tetragen elements.
2. Boron and silicon form …………… hydrides.
3. …………… is most reactive element among the halogens.
4. Most stable oxidation state of aluminium is ……………
5. General formula of metal boride is ……………
6. Boron has the capacity to absorb ……………
7.  …………… is used as a rocket fuel igniter.
8. …………… is essential for the cell walls of plants.
9. …………… is a chemical formula of boron.
10. …………… is used for the identification of coloured metal ions.
11. …………… is a colourless transparent crystal.
12. Boric acid has a …………… structure.
13. Boric acid consists of …………… unit.
14. On heating magnesium boride with HCl a mixture of volatile …………… are obtained.
15. Diborane reacts with methylalcohol to give ……………
16. Diborane has …………… B – H bonds.
17. In diborane, the boron is …………… hybridised.
18.  …………… is inorganic benzene.
19. Boron trifluoride has a …………… geometry.
20. Anhydrous aluminium chloride is a …………… substance.
21. With excess of NaOH, aluminium chloride produces ……………
22. …………… is used for the manufacture of petrol by cracking the mineral oils.
23. …………… is used for water proofing and textiles.
24. ……………is the most stable allotropic form of carbon at normal temperature and pressure.
25. …………… is allotropic form of carbon has aromatic character.
26. Graphene has …………… lattice.
27. Carbonyl chloride is a …………… gas.
28. Equimolar mixture of hydrogen and carbonmonoxide is called as ……………
29. Producer gas is a mixture of …………… and ……………
30. Aqueous solution of carbon dioxide forms ……………
31. …………… are high temperature polymers.
32. The viscosity of silicon oil remains ……………
33.  …………… are used as insulating material.
34. In beryl, each aluminium is surrounded by ……………
35. …………… is carcinogenic silicates.
36. Three dimensional by replacing units by ……………
37. …………… crystal to act as a molecular sieve.
38. Borax is a sodium salt of ……………

Answers:

1. ns²np²
2. covalent
3. Fluorine
4. +3
5. MxBy
6. neutrons
7. Amorphous boron
8. Boron
9. Na₂B₄O₇. 10H₂O
10. Borax
11. Boric acid
12. two dimensional layered
13. [BO₃]^3-
14. borones
15. trimethylborate
16. eight
17. sp³
18. Borazine
19. planar
20. hygroscopic
21. Sodium meta aluminate
22. AlCF
23. Potash alum
24. Graphite
25. Fullerene
26. honey comb nitrogen
27. poisonous
28. water gas
29. carbonmonoxide, nitrogen
30. carbonic acid
31. silicones
32. constant
33. Silicones
34. six oxygen
35. Asbestos
36. [SiO₄]^4-; [AlO₄]^5-
37. Zeolite
38. tetraboric acid

III. Match the following:

Question 1.
(i) Tetragens – (a) Oxygen
(ii) Icosagens – (b) Carbon
(iii) Chalcogens – (c) Nitrogen
(iv) Pnictogens – (d) Boron
Answer:
(i) – (b)
(ii) – (d)
(iii) – (a)
(iv) – (c)

Question 2.
(i) Borax – (a) Na₂B₄O₇
(ii) Prismatic form – (b) Na₂B₄O_7. 5H₂O
(iii) Jeweller borax – (c) Na₂B₄O_7. 10H₂O
(iv) Borax glass – (d) [B₄O₅(OH)₄]₂
Answer:
(i) – (c)
(ii) – (d)
(iii) – (b)
(iv) – (a)

Question 3.
(i) Boron – (a) Optical
(ii) Borax – (b) Neutron absorber
(iii) Boric acid – (c) Welding torches
(iv) Diborane – (d) Eye lotion
Answer:
(i) – (b)
(ii) – (a)
(iii) – (d)
(iv) – (c)

Question 4.
(i) Graphene – (a) Honeycomb crystal
(ii) Diamond – (b) Aromatic character
(iii) Fullerene – (c) Lubricant
(iv) Graphite – (d) Very hard
Answer:
(i) – (c)
(ii) – (d)
(iii) – (b)
(iv) – (a)

Question 5.
(i) Ortho silicate
(ii) Pyro silicate
(iii) Cyclic silicate
(iv) Tecto silicate
Answer:
(i) – (d)
(ii) – (a)
(iii) – (b)
(iv) – (c)

IV. Assertion and reason:

Note:
In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) A and R are correct and R explains A.
(b) A and R are correct and R not explains A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.

Question 1.
Assertion (A) – Noble gases are least reactivity.
Reason (R) – Noble gases have completely filled s and p-orbital and attain stable electronic configuration.
Answer:
(a) A and R are correct and R explains A.

Question 2.
Assertion (A) – Both boron and silicon form covalent hydrides.
Reason (R) – Boron does not shows diagonal relationship with silicon of group 14.
Answer:
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.

Question 3.
Assertion (A) – Fluorine is most reactive element among the halogens.
Reason (R) – Fluorine has minimum bond dissociation energy.
Answer:
(a) A and R are correct and R explains A.

Question 4.
Assertion (A) – Boron combines with halogen to form trihalides at high temperatures.
Reason (R) – Boron does not reacts directly with hydrogen.
(b) A and R are correct and R not explains A.

Question 5.
Assertion (A) – Boron-10 isotope is used as moderator in nuclear reactors.
Reason (R) – Boron has the capacity to absorb neutrons.
Answer:
(a) A and R are correct and R explains A.

Question 6.
Assertion (A) – Diborane is highly reactive.
Reason (R) – At high temperatures, diborane forms higher boranes.
Answer:
(b) A and R are correct and R not explains A.

Question 7.
Assertion (A) – BF₃ reacts with ammonia to form complex.
Reason (R) – BF₃ is a electron deficient compound and accepts electron pairs to form coordinate covalent bonds.
Answer:
(a) A and R are correct and R explains A.

Question 8.
Assertion (A) – Fullerene has aromatic character.
Reason (R) – Some of the fullerenes have e-bonds and delocalised n-bonds.
Answer:
(a) A and R are correct and R explains A.

Question 9.
Assertion (A) – Carbon dioxide is non flammable gas.
Reason (R) – CO₂ critical temperature is 31°C and can be readily liquefied.
Answer:
(b) A and R are correct and R not explains A.

Question 10.
Assertion (A) – Zeolites act as a molecular sieve.
Reason (R) – Zeolite structure is pore/ channel sizes are nearly uniform.
Answer:
(a) A and R are correct and R explains A.

V. Find the odd one out and given the reason:

Question 1.
(a) Icosagens
(b) Tetragens
(c) Alkali metals
(d) Chalcogens
Answer:
(c) Alkali metals
Reason: Alkali metals are s-block elements but other are p-block elements.

Question 2.
(a) Al
(b)B
(c) O
(d) Na
Answer:
(d) Na
Reason: Na is s-block element but others are p-block elements.

Question 3.
(a) Diborane
(b) Borax
(c) Carbonmonoxide
(d) Boric acid
Answer:
(c) Carbonmonoxide
Reason: Carbonmonoxide is not a compound of boron.

Question 4.
(a) B₃N₃H₆
(b) B₄H₁₀
(c) B₅H₉
(d) B₅H₁₁
Answer:
(a) B₃N₃H₆
Reason: B₃N₃H₆ not a higher borane

Question 5.
(a) Potash alum
(b) Sodium alum
(c) Burnt alum
(d) Ammonium alum
Answer:
(c) Burnt alum
Reason: Burnt alum does not having water molecule.

Question 6.
(a) Graphite
(b) Borax
(c) Fullerene
(d) Diamond
Answer:
(b) Borax
Reason: Borax is not a allotropic form of carbon.

Question 7.
(a)B
(b) Ga
(c) In
(d) N
Answer:
(d) N
Reason: N is not a icosagens.

VI. Find out the correct pair:

Question 1.
(a) Ortho sililcate – Soro silicate
(b) Pyro silicate – Neso silicate
(c) Chain silicate – Pyroxenes
(d) Double chain silicate – Ring silicate
Answer:
(c) Chain silicate – Pyroxenes

Question 2.
(a) Graphene – 1.54 A
(b) Diamond – 1.40 A
(c) Fullerene – 1.38 A
(d) Graphite – 1.40 A
Answer:
(d) Graphite – 1.40 A

Question 3.
(a) Diborane – welding torches
(b) AlCl₃ – Eye lotion
(c) Borax – pigments
(d) Boric acid – optical
Answer:
(a) Diborane – welding torches

Question 4.
(a) Inert gas – ns²np²
(b) Chalcogens – ns²np¹
(c) Pnictogens – ns²np⁴
(d) Tetragens – ns²np⁴
Answer:
(c) Pnictogens – ns²np³

Question 5.
(a) Icosagen – Oxygen
(b) Tetragen – Carbon
(c) Chalcogen – Fluorine
(d) Halogen – Boron
Answer:
(b) Tetragen – Carbon

VII. Find out the incorrect pair:

Question 1.
(a) Tetragens – ns²np²
(b) Icosagens – ns²np¹
(c) Chalcogens – ns²np⁴
(d) Halogens – ns²np⁶
Answer:
(d) Halogens – ns²np⁶

Question 2.
(a) Boron is BF₃ – +3
(b) Carbon in CO₂ – +4
(c) Nitrogen in N₂O₅ – +5
(d) Fluorine in OF₂ – +4
Answer:
(d) Fluorine in OF₂ – +4

Question 3.
(a) Nitrogen – Tetragens
(b) Oxygen – Chalcogens
(c) Tin – Tetragens
(d) Gallium – Icosagens
Answer:
(a) Nitrogen – Tetragens

Question 4.
(a) Boron – Moderator
(b) Borax – Eye lotion
(c) Boric acid – Antiseptic
(d) Diborane – Propellant
Answer:
(b) Borax – Eye lotion

Question 5.
(a) McAfee process – AlCl₃
(b) Burnt alum – K₂SO₄-Al₂(SO₄)₃
(c) Oxo process – Propanal
(d) Fischer tropsch Synthesis – HCOOH
Answer:
(d) Fischer tropsch Synthesis – HCOOH

Question 6.
(a) Soro silicate – Thortveitite
(b) Ring silicate – Beryl
(c) Sheet silicate – Asbestos
(d) Neso silicate – Olivine
Answer:
(c) Sheet silicate – Asbestos

Question 7.
(a) Pyroxenes – Phenacite
(b) Amphiboles – Asbestos
(c) Phyllo silicate – Mica
(d) Tecto silicate – Quartz
Answer:
(a) Pyroxenes – Phenacite

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry p-Block Elements – I 2 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are Wade’s Rule?
Answer:
Wade’s rules are used to rationalize the shape of borane clusters by calculating the total number of skeletal electron pairs (SEP) available for cluster bonding.

Question 2.
Why-1 oxidation state is more common in halogens. Explain.
Answer:
The halogens have a strong tendency to gain an electron to give a stable halide ion with completely filled electronic configuration (ns₂sp₆) and hence-1 oxidation state is more common in halogens.

Question 3.
Why boron has non-metallic character?
Answer:
The atomic radius of boron is very small and it has relatively high nuclear charge and these properties are responsible for its non-metallic character.

Question 4.
Define inert pair effect.
Answer:
In heavier post-transition metals, the outer s-electron(m) have a tendency to remain inert and show reluctance to take part in the bonding (only p-orbital involved in chemical bonding), which is known as inert pair effect.

Question 5.
Mention the allotropes of boron.
Answer:

1. Amorphous boron
2. a-rhombohedral boron
3. p-rhombohedral boron
4. γ – rhombohedral boron
5. α – tetragonal boron
6. β – tetragonal boron

Question 6.
List out the allotropes of tin.
Answer:

1. Grey tin
2. White tin
3. Rhombic tin
4. Sigma tin

Question 7.
Mention the allotropes of phosphorous?
Answer:

1. White phosphorous
2. Red phosphorous (v)
3. Scarlet phosphorous
4. Violet phosphorous
5. Black phosphorous

Question 8.
Give the two allotropes of sulphur.
Answer:

1. Rhombus
2. Monoclinic

Question 9.
Why boron compounds are covalent in nature?
Answer:
Many of boron compounds are electron deficient and has unusual type of covalent bonding, which is due to its small size, high ionisation energy and similarity in electronegativity with carbon and hydrogen.

Question 10.
Define Borax is basic in nature.
Answer:
Borax is basic in nature and its solution in hot-water is alkaline as it dissociates into boric acid and sodium hydroxide,
Na₂B₄O₇ + 7H₂O → 4H₃BO₃ + 2NaOH

Question 11.
Explain action of heat on borax.
Answer:
On heating borax, it forms a transparent borax beads.

Question 12.
What happen when borax treated with ammonium chloride?
Answer:
When borax treated with ammonium chloride, it forms boron nitride.

Question 13.
What happen when boric acids reacts with sodium hydroxide?
Answer:
Boric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium metaborate and sodium tetraborate.

Question 14.
Identify A and B from the following reaction,

Answer:

Question 15.
Explain the action of air on diborane.
Answer:
At room temperature pure diborane does not react with air or oxygen but in impure form it gives [B2O₃]^3- along with large amount of heat.

Question 16
Explain the action of air on diborane.
Answer:
At room temperature pure diborane does not react with air or oxygen but in impure form it gives B₂O₃ along with large amount of heat.
B₂H₆+ 3O₂ → B₂O₃ + 3H₂O

Question 17.
How will you convert diborane into sodium borohydride?
Answer:
Diborane reacts with sodium hydride in the presence of diglyme to give sodim borohydride.

Question 18.
Mention the uses o boron trifluoride.
Answer:

1. Boron trifluoride is used for preparing HBF₄, a catalyst in organic chemistry
2. It is also used as a fluorinating reagent.

Question 19.
What is MCA fee process?
Answer:
Aluminium chloride is obtained by heating a mixture of alumina and coke in a current of chloride.

Question 20.
What happen when potash alum is treated with ammonium hydroxide?
Answer:
Potash alum forms aluminium hydroxide, when, treated with ammonium hydroxide
K₂SO_4. A₁₂(SO₄)₃. 24H₂O + 6NH₄OH → K₂SO₄ + 3(NH₄)2SO₄ + 24H₂O + 3Al(OH)₃

Question 21.
What is producer gas? How will you prepare producer gas?
Answer:
On industrial scale carbon monoxide is produced by the reaction of carbon with air. The carbon monoxide formed will contain nitrogen gas also and the mixture of nitrogen and carbon monoxide is called producer gas.

Question 22.
What is synthetic gas?
Answer:
A mixture of carbonmonoxide and hydrogen is called synthetic gas.

Question 23.
What is phosgene?
Answer:
When carbon monoxide is treated with chlorine in presence of light or charcoal, it forms a poisonous gas carbonyl chloride, when is also known as phosgene.

Question 24.
How will you prepare propanal by oxoprocess?
Answer:
In oxoprocess, ethene is mixed with carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas to produce propanal.

Question 25.
What are water gas equilibrium?
Answer:
The equilibrium involved in the reaction between carbon dioxide and hydrogen, has many industrial applications and is called water gas equilibrium.

Question 26.
Mention the uses of silicon tetrachloride.
Answer:

1. Silicon tetrachloride is used in the production of semiconducting silicon.
2. It is used as a starting material in the synthesis of silica gel, silicic esters, a binder for ceramic materials.

Question 27.
What are silicones?
Answer:
Silicones or poly siloxanes are organo silicon polymers with general empirical formula (R₂SiO). Since their empirical formula is similar to that of ketone (R₂CO), they were named silicones.

Question 28.
What are high-temperature polymers?
Answer:
Silicones are high-temperature polymers, because they have high thermal stability.

Question 29.
Why silicones are water repellent?
Answer:
All silicones are water repellent, this is due to the presence of organic side groups that surrounds the silicon which makes the molecule looks like an alkane. Therefore silicones are water repellent.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry p-Block Elements – I 3 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write a notes on ionisation enthalpy in p-block elements?
Answer:
1. As we move down a group, generally there is a steady decrease in ionisation enthalpy of elements due to increase in their atomic radius.

2. In p-block elements there are some minor deviations to this general trend. In group 13, from B to Al the ionisation enthalpy decreases as expected. But from Al to Tl there is only a marginal difference. This is due to the presence of inner d- and f-elements which has poor shielding effect compared to s and p electrons. As a result, the effective nuclear charge on the valance electrons increase.

3. A similar trend is also observed in group 14. The remaining groups (15-18) follows the general trend, in these groups the ionisation enthalpy decreases as we move down the group. Here poor shielding effect of d- and f-electrons are overcome by the increased shielding effect of the additional p-electrons.

4. The ionisation enthalpy of elements in successive groups is higher than the corresponding elements of the previous group as expected.

Question 2.
Give the uses of boron.
Answer:

1. Boron has the capacity to absorb neutrons. Hence, its isotope ¹⁰B₅ is used as moderator in nuclear reactors.
2. Amorphous boron is used as a rocket fuel igniter.
3. Boron is essential for the cell walls of plants.
4. Compounds of boron have many applications. For example eye drops, antiseptics, washing powders etc..contains boric acid and borax. In the manufacture of Pyrex glass , boric oxide is used.

Question 3.
How will be prepare borax from colemanite?
Answer:
Borax is a sodium salt of tetraboric acid. It is obtained from colemanite ore by boiling its solution with sodium carbonate.

Question 4.
Explain the extraction of boric acid from,

1. 1. Borax
   2. Colemanite

Answer:
1. Borax – Borax is treated with hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid or nitric acid to give boric acid.

2. Colemanite – Colemanite is boiling with water, to give boric acid.

Question 5.
Explain the action of heat on boric acid.
Answer:
Boric acid when heated at 373 K gives metaboric acid and at 413 K, it gives tetraboric acid. When heated at red hot, it gives boric anhydride which is a glassy mass.

• 4 H₃BO₃ \(\underrightarrow { 373k }\) 4HBOz + H₂O
• 4HBO₂ \(\underrightarrow { 413k }\) H₂B₄O₇ + H₂O
• H₂B₄O₇ \(\underrightarrow { Red hot }\) 2B₂O₃ + H₂O

Question 6.
How will you convert, boric acid into,

1. Boron trifluoride
2. Borax

Answer:
1. Boron trifluoride:
Boric acid reacts with calcium fluoride in presence of cone. Sulphuric acid and gives boron trifluoride.

2. Borax:
Boric acid, when heated with soda ash it gives borax.

Question 7.
Mention the use of boric acid.
Answer:

1. Boric acid is used in the manufacture of pottery glazes, glass, enamels and pigments.
2. It is used as an antiseptic and as an eye lotion.
3. It is also used as a food preservative.

Question 8.
Explain the preparation of diborane.
Answer:
1. Diborane can also be obtained in small quantities by the reaction of iodine with sodium borohydride in diglyme.
2NaBH₄ + I₂ → B₂H₆ + 2NaI + H₂

2. On heating magnesium boride with HCl a mixture of volatile boranes are obtained.

• 2Mg₃B₂+ 12HCl → 6MgCl₂ + B₄H₁₀ + H₂
• B₄H₁₀+ H₂ → 2B₂Hg (Diborane)

Question 9.
What happen when diborane heated at various temperature?
Answer:
Diboranc is a gas at room temperature with sweet smell and it is extremely toxic. It is also highly reactive. At high temperatures it forms higher boranes liberating hydrogen.

Question 10.
Explain the reaction between diborane and ammonia?
Answer:
When treated with excess ammonia at low temperatures diborane gives diborane – diammonate on heating at higher temperature diborane gives borazole.

Question 11.
Why borontrifluoride is act as lewis acid? Explain the react between BF₃ and ammonia?
Answer:
BF₃ is an electron deficient compound and accepts electron pairs to form coordinate covalent bonds. Therefore, borontrifluoride is act as lewis acid. When BF₃ reacts with ammonia to form complex.

Question 12.
How does AlCl₃ reacts with following reagents?

1. H₂O
2. NH₄OH
3. NaOH

Answer:
1. When aluminium chloride reacts with water to form aluminium hydroxide.
AlCl₃ + 3H₂O → Al(OH)₃ + 3HCl

2. With ammonium hydroxide, aluminium chloride forms aluminium hydroxide.
AlCl₃ + 3NH₇OH → Al(OH)₃ + 3NH₄C₁

3. With excess of sodium hydroxide AlCl₃ produces sodium meta aluminate.
AlCl₃ + 4NaOH → NaAlO₂ + 2H₂O + 3NaCl

Question 13.
Give the uses of aluminium chloride.
Answer:

1. Anhydrous aluminium chloride is used as a catalyst in Friedels Crafts reactions.
2. It is used for the manufacture of petrol by cracking the mineral oils.
3. It is used as a catalyst in the manufacture on dyes, drugs and perfumes.

Question 14.
How will you prepare potash alum?
Answer:
The alunite the alum stone is the naturally occurring form and it is K₂SO₄. A₁₂(SO₄)₃. 4Al(OH)₃. When alum stone is treated with excess of sulphuric acid, the aluminium hydroxide is converted to aluminium sulphate. A calculated quality of potassium sulphate is added and the solution is crystallised to generate potash alum. It is purified by recrystallisation.

K₂SO₄. A₁₂(SO₄)₃. 4Al(OH)₃ + 6H₂SO₄ → K₂SO₄ + Al₂(SO ₄)₃ + 12H₂O
K₂SO₄ + A₁₂(SO₄)₂ + 24H₂O → K₂SO₄. A₁₂(SO₄)₃. 24H₂O

Question 15.
Mention the uses of the potash alum.
Answer:

1. It is used for purification of water
2. It is also used for water proofing and textiles
3. It is used in dyeing, paper and leather tanning industries
4. It is employed as a styptic agent to arrest bleeding.

Question 16.
What is burnt alum?
Answer:
When potash alum is heated at 365 K. It melts and form molten state. Again heated at 475 K they lose water of hydration and swells up. Thee swollen mass is known as burnt alum.

Question 17.
What are all the conditions are necessary for catenation?
Answer:
Essential condition for catenation:

1. The valency of elements is greater than or equal to two.
2. Element should have an ability to bond with itself.
3. The self bond must be as strong as its bond with other elements.
4. Kinetic inertness of catenated compound towards other molecules.

Question 18.
Give any three methods to prepare carbon monoxide.
Answer:
1. Carbon monoxide can be prepared by the reaction of carbon with limited amount of oxygen.
2C + O₂ → 2CO

2. On industrial scale carbon monoxide is produced by the reaction of carbon with air.

3. Pure carbon monoxide is prepared by warming methanoic acid with concentrated sulphuric acid which act as a dehydrating agent.
HCOOH + H₂SO₄ → CO + H₂O + H₂SO₄

Question 19.
Mention the uses the carbon monoxide.
Answer:

1. Equimolar mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide – water gas and the mixture of carbon monoxide and nitrogen – producer gas are important industrial fuels
2. Carbon monoxide is a good reducing agent and can reduce many metal oxides to metals.
3. Carbon monoxide is an important ligand and forms carbonyl compound with transition metals

Question 20.
Explain the methods to prepare carbon dioxide.
Answer:
1. On industrial scale it is produced by burning coke in excess of air.

2. Calcination of lime produces carbon dioxide as by product.
CaCO₃ \(\underrightarrow { \triangle }\) CaO + CO₂

3. Carbon dioxide is prepared in laboratory by the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on metal carbonates.
CaCO₂ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂

Question 21.
Give the uses of carbon dioxide.
Answer:

1. Carbon dioxide is used to produce an inert atomosphere for chemical processing.
2. Biologically, it is important for photosynthesis.
3. It is also used as fire extinguisher and as a propellent gas.
4. It is used in the production of carbonated beverages and in the production of foam.

Question 22.
Explain the preparation of silicon tetrachloride.
Answer:
1. Silicon tetrachloride can be prepared by passing dry chlorine over an intimate mixture of silica and carbon by heating to 1675 K in a porcelain tube.
SiO₂ + 2C + 2Cl₂ → SiCl₂ + 2CO

2. On commercial scale, reaction of silicon with hydrogen chloride gas occurs above 600 K.
Si + 4HCl → SiCl₄ + 2H₂

Question 23.
Complete the following reaction,

1. SiCl₄ + H₂O → ?
2. SiCl₄ + C₂HSOH → ?
3. 

Answer:

1. SiCl₄ + 4H₂O → Si(OH)₄ + 4HCl
2. SiCl₄ + C₂H₅OH → Si(OC₂H₅)₄+ 2C₁₂
3. 

Question 24.
Explain the types of silicones.
Answer:

1. Linear silicones – They are obtained by the hydrolysis and subsequent condensation of dialkyl or diaryl silicon chlorides.
   • Silicone rubbers – These silicones are bridged together by methylene or similar groups.
   • Silicone resins – They are obtained by blending silicones with organic resins such as acrylic esters.
2. Cyclic silicones – These are obtained by the hydrolysis of R₂SiCl₂.
3. Cross linked silicones – They are obtained by hydrolysis of RSiClr

Question 25.
Mention the properties of silicones.
Answer:

1. All silicones are water repellent.
2. They are thermal and electrical insulators.
3. Chemically they are inert.
4. Lower silicones are oily liquids whereas higher silicones with long chain structure are waxy solids.
5. The viscosity of silicon oil remains constant and doesn’t change with temperature and they don’t thicken during winter.

Question 26.
What are silicates and mention the types of silicates?
Answer:
Silicates:
The mineral which contains silicon and oxygen in tetrahedral [\({ { [S{ i }{ O }_{ 4 }] } }^{ 4- }\) units linked together in different patterns are called silicates.
types of Silicates:

1. Ortho silicates
2. Pyro silicates
3. Cyclic silicates
4. Ino silicates
5. Phyllo silicates
6. Tecto silicates

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry p-Block Elements – I 5 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
An element (A) extracted from kernite. A reacts with nitrogen at high temperature gives B. A reacts with alkali to form C. Find out A, B and C. Give the chemical equations.
Answer:
1. An element (A) extracted form kemite is boron.

2. Boron reacts with nitrogen at high temperature gives Boron nitride (B)

3. Boron reacts with alkali (NaOH) to gives sodium borate (C).

Question 2.
Compound A is used in the manufacture of opticals. A on heating gives B. B further heating to form C. A reacts with hydrochloric acid to give D. Identify A, B and C. Explain the reaction.
Answer:
1. Compound (A) is borax, which is used in the manufacture of opticals.

2. Borax (A) on heating to give borax glass (B). Borax glass on further heating to give sodium metaborate (C).

3. Borax (A) reacts with hydrochloride acid to give boric acid.

Question 3.
Complete the reaction.

Answer:
Boric acid when heated at 373 K gives metaboric acid (A) and A heated at 413 K it gives tetraboric acid (B). B heated at red hot it gives boric anhydride (C).

Question 4.
Sodium borohydride reacts with iodine in the presence of diglyme to give A. A heated at 388 K give B. A heated at 373 K in sealed tube to form C. A further heated at red hot condition to give element D. Find out A, B, C and D. Give the reactions.
Answer:
1. Sodium borohydride reacts with iodine in the presence of diglyme to give diborane (A).

2. Diborane (A) heated at 388 K gives pentaborane (11) (B).

3. Diborane (A) heated at 373 K in the sealed tube to form decaborane

(14) (C).Diborane (A) heated at red hot conditions to give element boron (D) Diborane B₂H₆

Question 5.
How does carbonmonoxide reacts with following reagents,
(i) O₂
(ii) Cl₂
(iii) F₂O₃
(iv) H₂
(v) ethene
Answer:

Question 6.
Explain the preparation of silicones.
Answer:
Generally silicones are prepared by the hydrolysis of dialkyldichiorosilanes (R₂SiCl₂) or diaryldichlorosilanes Ar₂SiCl₂, which are prepared by passing vapours of RCl or ArCl over siliconat 570 K with copper as a catalyst.
2RCl + Si \(\underrightarrow { Cu/570k }\) R₂SiCl₂

The hydrolysis of dialkvlchloro silanes R₂SiCl₂ yields to a straight chain polymer which grown from both the sides

The hydrolysis of monoalkylchloro silanes RSiCl₃, yields to a very complex cross linked polymer Linear silicones can be converted into cyclic or ring silicones when water molecules is removed

Question 7.
Discuss the ortho and pyro silicates.
Answer:
Ortho silicates:
The simplest silicates which contain discrete [SiO₄]^4- tetrahedral units are called ortho silicates or neso silicates.
Examples:
Phenacite – Be₂SiO₄(Be²⁺) ions are tetrahedrally surrounded by O_2- ions). Olivine – (Fe/Mg)₂SiO₄( Fe²⁺ and Mg²⁺ cations are octahedrally surrounded by O^2-ions).

Pyro silicates:
Silicates which contain [Si₂O₇]^6- ions are called pyro silicates (or) Soro silicates They are formed by joining two [SiO₄]^4- tetrahedral units by sharing one oxygen atom at one comer, (one oxygen is removed while, joining).
Example:
Thortveitite – SC₂Si₂O₇.

Question 8.
Explain:

1. Cyclic silicates
2. Ino silicates

Answer:
1. Cyclic silicates:
Silicates which contain \(({ Si{ O }_{ 3 }) }_{ n }^{ 2n- }\) ions which are formed by linking three or more tetrahedral \(({ Si{ O }_{ 3 }) }_{ n }^{ 4- }\) units cyclically are called cyclic silicates. Each silicate unit shares two of its oxygen atoms with other units.
Example:
Beryl [Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆] (an aluminosilicate with each aluminium is surrounded by 6 Structure of Cyclic silicates

2. Ino silicones:
Silicates which contain V number of silicate units liked by sharing two or more oxygen atoms are called inosilicates. They are further classified as chain silicates and double chain silicates. Chain silicates (or pyroxenes) – These silicates contain \(({ Si{ O }_{ 3 }) }_{ n }^{ 2n- }\) ions formed by linking ‘n’ number of tetrahedral \(({ Si{ O }_{ 3 }) }_{ n }^{ 4- }\) units linearly. Each silicate unit shares two of its oxygen atoms with other Structure of Chain silicates units.

Example:
Spodumene – LiAl(SiO₃)₂ Double chain silicates (or amphiboles) – These silicates contains \([{ S{ i }_{ 4 }{ O }_{ 11 }] }_{ n }^{ 6n- }\) ions. In these silicates there are two different types of

3. Tetrahedra:

1. Those sharing 3 vertices
2. Those sharing only 2 vertices.

Examples.
Asbestos – These are fibrous and noncombustible silicates. Therefore they are used for thermal insulation material, brake linings, construction material and filters. Asbestos being carcinogenic silicates, their applications are restricted.

Question 9.
Write a notes on

1. Sheet silicates
2. Three dimensional silicate

Answer:
1. Sheet silicates:
Silicates which contain \(({ S{ i }_{ 2 }{ O }_{ 5 }) }_{ n }^{ 2n- }\) are called sheet or phyllo silicates. In these, Each \({ { [S{ i }{ O }_{ 4 }] } }^{ 4- }\) tetrahedron unit shares three oxygen atoms with others and thus by forming twodimensional sheets. These sheets, silicates form layered structures in which silicate sheets are stacked over each other. The attractive forces between these layers are very week, hence they can be cleaved easily just like graphite.

Example: Talc, Mica etc…

2. Three dimensional silicate:
Silicates in which all the oxygen atoms of \({ { [S{ i }{ O }_{ 4 }] } }^{ 4- }\) tetrahedra are shared with other tetrahedra to form three-dimensional network are called three dimensional or tecto silicates. They have general formula (SiO₂)_n.
Examples:
Quartz. These tecto silicates can be converted into Three dimentional aluminosilicates by replacing [\({ { [S{ i }{ O }_{ 4 }] } }^{ 4- }\) – units by [AlO₄]^5- units. E.g. Feldspar, Zeolites etc.,

Question 10.
Explain – Boron neutron capture therapy.
Answer:
1. The affinity of boron-10 for neutrons is the basis of a technique known as born neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for treating patients suffering from brain tumours.

2. It is based on the nuclear reaction that occurs when boron-10 is irradiated with low- energy thermal neutoms to give high linear energy a-particles and a Li-particles.

3. Boron compounds are injected into a patient with a brain tumour and the compounds collect preferentially in the tumour. The tumour area is then irradiated with thermal neutom and results in the release of an alpha-particle that damages the tissue in the tumour each time a boron-10 nucleus captures a neutron.

3. In this way damages can be limited preferentially to the tumour, leaving the normal brain tissue less affected.

4. BNCT has also been studied as a treatment for several other tumours of the head and neck, The breast, the prostate, the bladder and the liver.

Commn Errors and its Rectifications
Common Errors:

1. Ores formula may be difficult to remember.
2. Allotropes of elements may confuse the students in writing equation.

Rectifications:

1. Only chief ore from which the element is extracted can be easy to remember.
2. Crystalline forms are more chemically reactive.

Hope you love the Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Chapter Wise Material. Clearly understand the deep concept of Chemistry learning with the help of Tamilnadu State Board 12th Chemistry Chapter 2 p-Block Elements – I Questions and AnswersPDF. Refer your friends to and bookmark our website for instant updates. Also, keep in touch with us using the comment section.