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Students can Download Computer Applications Chapter 9 Connecting PHP and MYSQL Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 9 Connecting PHP and MYSQL

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Connecting PHP and MYSQL Text Book Back Questions and Answers

PART – I
I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
Which one of the following statements instantiates the mysqli class?
(a) mysqli = new mysqli( )
(b) $mysqli = new mysqli( )
(c) $mysqli->new.mysqli( )
(d) mysqli->new.mysqli( )
Answer:
(b) $mysqli = new mysqli( )

Question 2.
which one is correct way, we can retrieve the data in the result set of MySQL using PHP?
(a) mysql_fetch_row
(b) mysql_fetch_array
(c) mysql_fetch_object
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 3.
How Can we Create a Database Using PHP and MySQL?
(a) mysqli_create_db(“Database Name”)
(b) mysqli_create_db(“Data”)
(c) create_db(“Database Name”)
(d) create_db(“Data”)
Answer:
(a) mysqli_create_db(“Database Name”)

Question 4.
Which is the correct function to execute the SQL queries in PHP?
(a) mysqli_query(“Connection Object”,“SQL Query”)
(b) query(“Connection Object”, “SQL Query”)
(c) mysql_query(“Connection Object”,“SQL Query”)
(d) mysql_query(“SQL Query”)
Answer:
(a) mysqli_query(“Connection Object”,“SQL Query”)

Question 5.
Which is the correct function Closing Connection in PHP?
(a) mysqli_close(“Connection Object”)
(b) close(“Connection Object”);
(c) mysql_close(“Connection Object”)
(d) mysqli_close(“Database Object”);
Answer:
(a) mysqli_close(“Connection Object”)

Question 6.
Which is the correct function-to establish Connection in PHP?
(a) mysqli_connect(“Server Name”,“User Name”,“Password”,“DB Name”);
(b) connect(“Server Name”,“User Name”,“Password”,“DB Name”);
(c) mysql_connect(“Server Name”,“User Name”,“Password”,“DB Name”);
(d) mysqli connect (“Database Object”);
Answer:
(a) mysqli_connect(“Server Name”,“User Name”,“Password”,“DB Name”);

Question 7.
Which is the not a correct MySQL Function in PHP?
(a) Mysqli_connect( ) Function
(b) Mysqli_close( ) Function
(c) mysqli_Select_data( ) Function
(d) mysqli_affected_rows( ) Function
Answer:
(c) mysqli_Select_data( ) Function

Question 8.
How many parameter are required for MYSQLi connect function in PHP?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(c) 4

Question 9.
How many parameter are required for MYSQLi query function in PHP?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(a) 2

Question 10.
How many parameter are required for MYSQLi Close function in PHP?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 5
Answer:
(a) 1

Question 11.
Which version of PHP supports MySQLi functions?
(a) Version 2.0
(b) Version 3.0
(c) Version 4.0
(d) Version 5.0
Answer:
(d) Version 5.0

PART – II
II. Short Answer

Question 1.
What are the MySQLi function available PHP?
Answer:

1. Mysqli_connect( ) Function
2. Mysqli_close( ) Function
3. mysqli_select_db( ) Function
4. mysqli_affected_rows( ) Function
5. mysqli_connect_error( ) Function
6. mysqlifetchassoc( ) Function

Question 2.
What is MySQLi function?
Answer:
MySQLi functions:

1. The Mysqli functions allows you to access MySQL database servers.
2. For the MySQL functions to be available, you must compile PHP with support for the MySQLi extension.

Question 3.
What are the types MySQLi function available PHP?
Answer:
Types of MySQL Functions in PHP:

1. Database connections
2. Managing Database connections
3. Performing Queries
4. Closing connection

Question 4.
Difference between Connection and Close function?
Answer:
Connection:

1. Before accessing MySQL Database, connect to Database Server machine via PHP scripting language using Mysqli_ connect( ) Function.
2. This function requires 4 parameters.

Close function:

1. mysqli close( ) Function is used to close an existing opened database connection between PHP scripting and MySQL Database Server.
2. This function requires only one parameter.

Question 5.
Give few examples of MySQLi Queries?
Answer:
$sql=“SELECT student_name,student_age FROM student”;mysqli_query($con,$sql); sql stmt = “SELECT * FROM my contacts”;
$result = mysqli_query($connection,$sql_stmt).

Question 6.
What is Connection string?
Answer:
The variables are used to connect to the Database server. They are

1. $servername → Database Server IP address
2. $usemame → Database Server User Name
3. $password → Database Server Password
4. $DB_Name → Database Name

The mysqli connect function uses these variables and connect Database server from PHP scripting. If connection gets fail, output will be printed with MySQL error code. Otherwise connection is success.

Question 7.
What is web Database?
Answer:
Web Database:
A web database is a wide term for managing data online. A web database gives you the ability to build your own databases.
Ex. Bank, airline and rental car reservation.

Question 8.
What is mysqli_fetch_assoc( ) Function?
Answer:
mysqli_fetch_assoc( );
Fetches a result row as an associative array.
Syntax:
mysqli_fetch_assoc(result);

Question 9.
Define mysqli_connect_error( ) Function?
Answer:
mysqli connect_error( ):
It returns the error description from the last connection error.
Syntax:
mysqli_connect_ertror( ):

Question 10.
Define mysqii_affected_rows( ) Function?
Answer:
my sql i_affected_rows( ):
mysqli_affected_rows( ) returns the number of affected rows in the previous MYSQL operation.

Syntax:
mysqli_affected_rows(connection)

PART – III
III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write the Syntax for MySQLi Queries?
Answer:
Syntax:
mysqli_query(“Connection Object’’,“SQL Query”)

Question 2.
Write is the purpose of MySQLi function available?
Answer:
MySQL Function in PHP
In PHP Scripting language many functions are available for MySQL Database connectivity and executing SQL queries.MySQLi is extension in PHP scripting language which gives access to the MYSQL database. MySQLi extension was introduced version 5.0.0.

The MySQLi extension contains the following important functions which are related to MySQL database connectivity and management.

1. Mysqli_connect( ) Function
2. Mysqli_close( ) Function
3. mysqli_select_db( ) Function
4. mysqli_affected_rows( ) Function
5. mysqli_connect_error( ) Function
6. mysqli_fetch_assoc( ) Function

Question 3.
Differentiate mysqli_affected_rows( ) Function and mysqli_fetch_assoc( ) Function?
Answer:
Fetch assoc( )
mysqli_fetch_assoc( ):
Fetches a result row as an associative array.

Syntax:
mysqli fetch_assoc(result)

Affected rows( )
my sqli_affected_ro ws( ):
mysqli affected_rows( ) returns the number of affected rows in the previous MYSQL operation.

Syntax:
mysqli_affected_rows(connection)

Question 4.
Write MySQL Connection Syntax with example?
Answer:
Syntax:
mysqli_eonnect(“Server Name”, “User Name”, “password”, “DB Name”);
Example:
<?php
Sservername = “localhost”;
Susername = “username”;
Spassword = “password”;
$DB_name = “SchooLDB”;
// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servemame, Susername, Spassword,$DB_name);

Question 5.
Write a note PHP MySQL database connection?
Answer:
Database Connections:
Before accessing MySQL Database, connect to Database Server machine via PHP scripting language using Mysqli_connect() Function.

Syntax:
mysqli_connect(“Server Name”, “User Name”,“Password”,“DB Name”);
This function requires four parameters to connect to database server. Database Server name, Database username, password and Database Name.

Managing Database Connections:
The below code snippet describes managing database connection methods and features. c?php
$servername = “localhost”;
$username = “username”;
$password = “password”;
$DBname = “SchoolDB”;
// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servemame, Susername, Spassword,$DB_name).

PART – IV
IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Discuss in detail about MySQL functions with example?
Answer:
MySQL Function in PHP:
In PHP Scripting language many functions are available for MySQL Database connectivity and executing SQL queries. MySQLi is extension in PHP scripting language which gives access to the MYSQL database. MySQLi extension was introduced version 5.0.0.

The MySQLi extension contains the following important functions which are related to MySQL database connectivity and management.

1. Mysqli_connect( ) Function
2. Mysqli_close( ) Function
3. mysqli_select_db( ) Function
4. mysqli_affected_rows( ) Function
5. mysqli_connect_error( ) Function
6. mysqli_fetch_assoc( ) Function

1. Database Connections:
Before accessing MySQL Database, connect to Database Server machine via PHP scripting language using Mysqli_connect() Function.
Syntax:
mysqli_connect(“Server Name”,“User Name”,“Password”,“DB Name”);
This function requires four parameters to connect to database server. Database Server name, Database username, password and Database Name.

2. Managing Database Connections:
The below code snippet describes managing database connection methods and features.
<?php
$servemame = “localhost”;
$usemame = “username”;
$password = “password”;
$DB_name = “School_DB”;
// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servemame, Susemame, $password,$DB_name);
The mysqli connect function uses these variables and connect Database server from PHP scripting. If connection gets fail, output will be printed with MySQL error code. Otherwise connection is success.

3. Performing Queries:
The main goal of MySQL and PHP connectivity is to retrieve and manipulate the data from MySQL database server. The SQL query statements are helping with PHP MySQL extension to achieve the objective of MySQL and PHP connection, “mysqliquery” is a function, helps to execute the SQL query statements in PHP scripting language.
Syntax:
mysqli_query(“Connection Object”,’’SQL Query”)

Example:
$con=mysqli_connect(“localhost”,“my_user”,“my_password”,“Student_DB “); $sql=”SELECT student_name,student_age FROM student”;mysqli_query($con,$sql);

4. Closing Connection:
mysqli_close( ) Function is used to close an existing opened database connection between PHP scripting and MySQL Database Server.

Question 2.
Explain the Database error handling and management process in PHP?
Answer:
Managing Database Connections:
The below code snippet describes managing database connection methods and features.
<?php
$servemame = “localhost”;
$username = “username”;
$password = “password”;
$DBname = “SchoolDB”;
// Create connection
Sconn = mysqli_connect($servemame, Susername, Spassword,SDBname);
// Check connection
if (! Sconn) {
die(“Ccnnection failed: “ . mysqli_connect_error( ));
}.
echo “Connected successfully”;
?>,
In the above code snippet, three variables are used to connect to the Database server. They are

1. $servemame → Database Server IP address
2. $usemame → Database Server User Name
3. $password → Database Server Password
4. $DB_Name → Database Name

The mysqli_connect function uses these variables and connect Database server from PHP scripting. If connection gets fail, output will be printed with MySQL error code. Otherwise connection is success.

Question 3.
Explain in details types of MySQL connection method in PHP?
Answer:
Database Connections:
Before accessing MySQL Database, connect to Database Server machine via PHP scripting language using Mysqli_connect( ) Function.

Syntax:
mysqli_connect(“Server Name”,“User Name”,“Password”,“DB Name”);
This function requires four parameters to connect to database server. Database Server name, Database username, password and Database Name.

Managing Database Connections:
The below code snippet describes managing database connection methods and features.
<?php
$servemame = “localhost”;
$usemame = “username”;
$password = “password”;
SDB_name = “SchoolDB”;
// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servemame, Susemame, Spassword,$DB_name);
// Check connection
if(!$conn){
die(“Connection failed: “ . mysqli_connect_error( ));
}
echo “Connected successfully”;
?>
In the above code snippet, three variables are used to connect to the Database server. They are

1. $servemame → Database Server Server IP address
2. $username → Database Server User Name
3. $password → Database Server Password
4. $DBName → Database Name

The mysqli_connect function uses these variables and connect Database server from PHP scripting. If connection gets fail, output will be printed with MySQL error code. Otherwise connection is success.

Question 4.
Explain MySQLi Queries with examples?
Answer:
Performing Queries:
The main goal of MySQL and PHP connectivity is to retrieve and manipulate the data from MySQL database server. The SQL query statements are helping with PHP MySQL extension ^to achieve the objective of MySQL and PHP connection. “mysqli_query” is a function, helps to execute the SQL query statements in PHP scripting language.

Syntax:
mysqli_query(“Connection Object” “SQL Query”)
Example:
$con=mysqli_connect(“localhost”,“my_user”,“my_password”,“Student_DB”); $sql=“SELECT student_name,student_age FROM student”;mysqli_query($con,$sql);

Closing Connection:
mysqli_close( ) Function is used to close an existing opened database connection between. PHP scripting and MySQL Database Server.

Syntax:
mysqli_close(“Connection Object”);
<?php
$con=mysqli_connect(“localhost”,“$user”,“$password”,“SCHOOLDB”);
// ….some PHP code… mysqli_close($con);
?>

Example of PHP and MySQL Program:
<?php .
$servemame = “localhost”;
$usemame = “username”;
$password = “password”;
$dbname = “schoolDB”;
$connection = mysqli_connect(“$servemame”, “$usemame”, “$password” “$dbname”);
if (mysqli_connect_error ( ))
{
echo “Failed to connect to MySQL:”
mysqli_connect_error( );
}
sql stmt = “SELECT * FROM mycontacts”; //SQL select query
$result = mysqli_query($connection,$sql_stmt);//execute SQL statement$rows =
mysqli__num_r°ws($result);// get number of rows returned
if($rows) {
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result)) {
echo ‘ID:’. $row[‘id’]. ‘<br>’;

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Connecting PHP and MYSQL Additional Question and Answer

I. Choose The Best Answer

Question 1.
The combination of PHP and MYSQL has become very popular …………………………. web scripting language in internet.
Answer:
Server side

Question 2.
According to recent Survey, approximately ………………………….. websites are running using PHP.
Answer:
544 million

Question 3.
Which is used to convert PHP code into C++?
(a) LPLP
(b) HPHP
(c) BPBP
(d) APAP
Answer:
(b) HPHP

Question 4.
Expand HPHP:
(a) W\gh Power High Power
(b) Heavy Processor Heavy Processor
(c) Hip Hop
(d) High Hop
Answer:
(c) Hip Hop

Question 5.
Which of the following has written alternative version of PHP?
(a) Facebook
(b) Twitter
(c) Instagram
(d) Whatsapp
Answer:
(a) Facebook

Question 6.
RAD meAnswer: ………………………..
(a) Rigid Application Design
(b) Rapid Application Development
(c) Rare App Design
(d) Raster Audio Development
Answer:
(b) Rapid Application Development

Question 7.
………………………….. is a server side scripting language designed for web development.
Answer:
php

Question 8.
Which is a request for data or ‘information’ from a database table?
(a) row
(b) record
(c) query
(d) report
Answer:
(c) query

Question 9.
Which is an open-source relational database management system?
(a) MySQL
(b) Foxpro
(c) MS-Access
(d) Excel
Answer:
(a) MySQL

Question 10.
Pick the odd one out.
(a) PRADO
(b) Cake
(c) cake PHP
(d) Symphony
Answer:
(b) Cake

II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Mention Some RDBMS Softwares?
Answer:
Relational Database Management System (RDMS) softwares are MySQL, Oracle, IBM DB2, and Microsoft SQLSERVER etc.

Question 2.
What is the main goal of providing connectivity between MySql and php?
Answer:
The main goal of MySQL and PHP connectivity is to retrieve and manipulate the data from MySQL database server.

1. The SQL query statements are helping with PHP MySQL extension to achieve the objective of MySQL and PHP connection.
2. “mysqli_query” is a function, helps to execute the SQL query statements in PHP scripting – language.

III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write a Snippet code to check database connection?
Answer:
// Check connection
if(!$conn){
die(“Connection failed: “ . mysqli_connect_error( ));
}
echo “Connected successfully”;
?>

Question 2.
Name the parameters of connect functions?
Answer:

1. $servemame → Database Server Server IP address
2. $username → Database Server User Name
3. $password → Database Server Password
4. $DBName → Database Name

Question 3.
Write any 3 special features of PHP?
Answer:

1. PHP can embed easily with HTML and client side scripting language
2. PHP has built-in function which is easily connect to MySQL database
3. PHP scripting language has been supported by many Software frameworks

Question 4.
Mention some web frameworks design structures to promote rapid application development (RAD)?
Answer:
Some of these include PRADO, CakePHP, Symfony, Codeigniter, Laravel, Yii Framework, Phalcon and Zend Framework, offering features similar to other web frameworks.

Students can Download Computer Applications Chapter 5 PHP Function and Array Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 5 PHP Function and Array

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications PHP Function and Array Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
Which one of the following is the right way of defining a function in PHP?
(a) function {function body }
(b) data type functionName(parameters) {function body}
(c) functionName(parameters) {function body }
(d) function functionName(parameters) { function body }
Answer:
(d) function functionName(parameters) { function body }

Question 2.
A function in PHP which starts with ………. (double underscore) is known as …………………………
(a) Magic Function
(b) Inbuilt Function
(c) Default Function
(d) User Defined Function
Answer:
(a) Magic Function

Question 3.
PHP’s numerically indexed array begin with position ………………………..
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 0
(d) -1
Answer:
(c) 0

Question 4.
Which of the following are correct ways of creating an array?
(i) state[0] = “Tamilnadu”;
(ii) $state[ ] = arfay(“Tamilnadu”);
(iii) $state[0] = “Tamilnadu”;
(iv) $state = array(“Tamilnadu”);
(a) (iii) and (iv)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) Only (i)
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Answer:
(a) (iii) and (iv)

Question 5.
What will be the output of the following PHP code? <?php
$a=array(“A”,“Cat”,“Dog”,“A”,“Dog”);
$b=array(“A”,“A”,“Cat”,“A”,“Tiger”);
$c=array_combine($a,$b);
print_r(array_count_values($c));
?>
(а) Array ([A] => 5 [Cat] => 2 [Dog] => 2 [Tiger] => 1)
(b) Array ([A] => 2 [Cat] => 2 [Dog] => 1 [Tiger] => 1)
(c) Array ([A] => 6 [Cat] => 1 [Dog] => 2 [Tiger] => 1)
(d) Array ([A] => 2 [Cat] => 1 [Dog] => 4 [Tiger] => 1)
Answer:
(а) Array ([A] => 5 [Cat] => 2 [Dog] => 2 [Tiger] => 1)

Question 6.
For finding nonempty elements in array we use
(a) is_array ( ) function)
(b) sizeof( ) function
(c) array_count ( ) function
(d) count ( ) function
Answer:
(d) count ( ) function

Question 7.
Indices of arrays can be either strings or numbers and they are denoted as
(a) $my_array {4}
(b) $my array [4]
(c) $my_array |4|
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) $my array [4]

Question 8.
PHP arrays are also called as
(a) Vector arrays
(b) Perl arrays
(c) Hashes
Answer:
(c) Hashes

Question 9.
As compared to associative arrays, vector arrays are much
(a) Faster
(b) Slower
(c) Stable
(d) None of them
Answer:
(b) Slower

Question 10.
What functions count elements in an array?
(a) count
(b) both a and b
(c) Array Count
(d) Count_array
Answer:
(b) both a and b

PART – II
I. Short Answer

Question 1.
Define Function in PHP?
Answer:
In most of the programming language, a block of segment in a program that performs a specific operation tasks (Insert, Execute, Delete, Calculate, etc.). This segment is also known as Function. A Function is a type of sub routine or procedure in a program.

Question 2.
Define User defined Function?
Answer:
User Defined Function:
User Defined Function (UDF) in PHP gives a privilege to user to write own specific operation inside of existing program module.

Function Declaration:
A user-defined Function declaration begins with the keyword “function”.

Question 3.
What is parameterized Function?
Answer:
Parameterized Function:

1. PHP Parameterized functions are the functions with parameters or arguments.
2. Required information can be shared between function declaration and function calling part inside the program.
3. The parameter is also called as arguments, it is like variables.
4. The arguments are mentioned after the function name and inside of the parenthesis.
5. There is no limit for sending arguments, just separate them with a comma notation.

Question 4.
List out System defined Functions?
Answer:

1. round
2. cos
3. tan
4. is_number
5. rand etc
6. sqrt
7. sin
8. pi
9. number_format

Question 5.
Define Array in PHP?
Answer:
Array is a concept that stores more than one value of same data type (homogeneous) in single array variable. They are 3 types of array in PHP.

1. Indexed Arrays
2. Associative Array and
3. Multi-Dimensional Array

‘

Question 7.
Usage of Array in PHP?
Answer:
One of the most useful aspects of using arrays in PHP is when combined with the foreach statement. This allows you to quickly loop though an array with very little code.

Question 8.
List out the types of array in PHP?
Answer:

Question 9.
Define associative array?
Answer:
Associative arrays are a key-value pair data structure. Instead of having storing data in a linear array, with associative arrays you can store your data in a collection and assign it a unique key which you may use for referencing your data.

Question 10.
Write array Syntax in PHP?
Answer:
Array defines with the keyword array( )

PART – III
III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write the features of System defined Functions?
Answer:
System Defined Functions: A function is already created by system it is a reusable piece or block of code that performs a specific action. Functions can either return values when called or can simply perform an operation without returning any value.
Features of System defined functions:

1. System defined functions are otherwise called as predefined or built-in functions.
2. PHP has over 700 built in functions that performs different tasks.
3. Built in functions are functions that exists in PHP installation package.

Question 2.
Write the purpose of parameterized Function?
Answer:

1. Required information can be shared between function declaration and function calling part inside the program.
2. The parameter is also called as arguments, it is like variables. The arguments are mentioned after the function name and inside of the parenthesis.
3. There is no limit for sending arguments, just separate them with a comma notation.

Question 3.
Differentiate user define and system defined Functions?
Answer:
System defined:

1. These functions are already present in the system (comes along with installation package).
2. Cannot be edited.
3. Name is provided by the developer Eg. isnum( ), isalpha( ).

System defined:

1. These functions are already present in the system (comes along with installation package).
2. Cannot be edited.
3. Name is provided by the developer Eg. isnum( ), isalpha( ).

Question 4.
Write Short notes on Array?
Array in PHP
Answer:
Array is a concept that stores more than one value of same data type (homogeneous) in single array variable. They are 3 types of array concepts in PHP.

1. Indexed Arrays,
2. Associative Array and
3. Multi-Dimensional Array.

Question 5.
Differentiate Associate array and Multidimensional array?
Answer:
Associate array:
Associative arrays are a key-value pair data structure. Instead of having storing data in a* linear array, with associative arrays you can store your data in a collection and assign it a unique key which you may use for referencing your data.

Multidimensional array:
A multidimensional array is an array containing one or more arrays. PHP understands multidimensional arrays that are two, three, four, five, or more levels deep. However, arrays more than three levels deep are hard to manage for most people.

PART – IV
IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Explain Function concepts in PHP?
Answer:
Functions in PHP
In most of the programming language, a block of segment in a program that performs a specific operation tasks (Insert, Execute, Delete, Calculate, etc.). This segment is also known as Function. A Function is a type of sub routine or procedure in a program.

Function will be executed by a call to the Function and the Function returns any data type values or NULL value to called Function in the part of respective program.
The Function can be divided into three types as follows:

1. User defined Function,
2. Pre-defined or System or built-in Function, and
3. Parameterized Function.

1. User Defined Function:
User Defined Function (UDF) in PHP gives a privilege to user to write own specific operation inside of existing program module. Two important steps the Programmer has to create for users define Functions are: Function declaration and Function calling.

2. System Define Functions:
A function is already created by system it is a reusable piece or block of code that performs a specific action. Functions can either return values when called or can simply perform an operation without returning any value.

3. Parameterized Function:
PHP Parameterized functions are the functions with parameters or arguments.

Question 2.
Discuss in detail about User defined Functions?
Answer:
User Defined Function:

1. User can create their own functions.
2. User Defined Function (UDF) in PHP gives a privilege to user to write own specific operation inside of existing program module.
3. Two important steps the Programmer has to create for users define Functions are:

Function Declaration:
A user-defined Function declaration begins with the keyword “function”. User can write any custom logic inside the function block.
Syntax:
function functionName( )
{
Custom Logic code to be executed;
}
Function Calling:
A function declaration part will be executed by a call to the function. Programmer has to create Function Calling part inside the respective program.
Syntax:
functionName( );
Example:
<?php
function insertMsg( )
{
echo “Student Details Inserted Successfully!”;
}
insertMsg( ); // call the function
?>
Parameterized Function:

1. Required information can be shared between function declaration and function calling part inside the program.
2. The parameter is also called as arguments, it is like variables.
3. The arguments are mentioned after the function name and inside of the parenthesis. There is no limit for sending arguments, just separate them with a comma notation.

Question 3.
Explain the Multidimensional Array?
Answer:
Multidimensional Arrays:

1. A multidimensional array is an array containing one or more arrays.
2. PHP understands multidimensional arrays that are two, three, four, five, or more levels deep.
3. However, arrays more than three levels deep are hard to manage for most people.

Example:
<?php
// A two-dimensional array Sstudent-array
(
array(“Iniyan”, 100,96),
array(“Kavin”,60,59),
array(“Nilani”,1313,139)
);
echo $$student[0][0].“: Tamil Mark: “.$student [0][1]English mark: “.$student [0] [2].”<br>”;

echo $$student[1][0].“: Tamil Mark: “.$student [1][1].”. English mark: “.$student [1] [2].”<br>”;

echo $$student[2][0].“: Tamil Mark: “.$student [2][1]English mark: “.$student [2] [2].”<br>”;
?>

Question 4.
Explain Array concepts and their types?
Answer:
Arrays in PHP:
Array is a concept that stores more than one value of same data type (homogeneous) in single array variable. They are 3 types of array concepts in PHP.

1. Indexed Arrays,
2. Associative Array and
3. Multi-Dimensional Array.

SYNTAX:
Array Syntax:
Array defines with the keyword array( )

1. Indexed Arrays:
Arrays with numeric index for the available values in array variable which contains key value pair as user / developer can take the values using keys.

2. Associative Arrays:

1. Associative arrays are a key-value pair data structure.
2. Instead of having storing data in a linear array, with associative arrays you can store your data in a collection and assign it a unique key which you may use for referencing your data.

Question 3.
Multidimensional Arrays?
Answer:

1. A multidimensional array is an array containing one or more arrays. .
2. PHP understands multidimensional arrays that are two, three, four, five, or more levels deep.
3. However, arrays more than three levels deep are hard to manage for most people.

Question 5.
Explain Indexed array and Associate array in PHP?
Answer:
Indexed Arrays:
Arrays with numeric index for the available values in array variable which contains key value pair as user / developer can take the values using keys.
Example:
<?php
$teacher_name=array(“Iniyan”, “Kavin”, “Nilani”);
echo “The students name are “ . $teacher_name[0]. “, “ . $$teacher_name[l]. “ and” . $teacher_name[2].
?>

Associative Arrays:

1. Associative arrays are a key-value pair data structure.
2. Instead of having storing data in a, linear array, with associative arrays you can store your data.

Example:
<?php
$Marks=array(“Studentl”=>“35”,“Student2”==>“17”,“Student3”=>“43”);
echo “Studentl mark is” . $Marks[‘Studentl’]. “ is eligible for qualification”;
echo “Student2 mark is” . $Marks[‘Student2’]. “ is not eligible for qualification”;

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions PHP Function and Array Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Best Answer

Question 1.
………………………. are functions that exist in PHP installation package.
Answer:
Built-in functions

Question 2.
PHP has over ………………………. built in functions.
(a) 200
(b) 500
(c) 700
(d) 900
Answer:
(c) 700

Question 3.
A function is a type of …………………………… in a program.
(a) sub routine
(b) procedure
(c) both a & b
(d) array
Answer:
(c) both a & b

Question 4.
How many classification of functions are there?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(b) 3

Question 5.
Find the wrong statement from the following?
(a) pre-defined functions are called as built-in functions
(b) pre-defined functions are called as system functions
(c) parameterized functions are called system functions
Answer:
(c) parameterized functions are called system functions

Question 6.
UDF stands for …………………………..
Answer:
User defined functions

Question 7.
Pick the odd one out related to functions.
(a) userdefined
(b) pre-defined
(c) system
(d) builtin
Answer:
(a) userdefined

Question 8.
Find the statement which is correct.
I: A user-defined function declaration begins with the keyword “user”
II: user can write any custom logic inside the function block
(a) I-True, II-False
(b) I-Flase, II-True
(c) I, II-True
(d) I, II-False
Answer:
(b) I-Flase, II-True

Question 9.
The parameter is also called as
(a) Arguments
(b) Value
(c) Calling function
(d) return
Answer:
(a) Arguments

Question 10.
THe arguments are separated by
(a) .
(b) :
(c) ,
(d) ;
Answer:
(c) ,

Question 11.
The arguments have to be enclosed within
(a) [ ]
(b) <>
(c) { }
(d) ( )
Answer:
(d) ( )

Question 12.
The function blocks are given by
(a) [ ]
(b) <>
(c) { }
(d) ( )
Answer:
(c) { }

Question 13.
How many arguments can be send to return a value in a function?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) No limit
Answer:
(d) No limit

Question 14.
Which statement can be used to return a value in a function?
(a) pass
(b) call
(c) return
(d) give
Answer:
(c) return

Question 15.
Which is used to store more than one value in a single variable of same data type?
(a) Array
(b) Functions
(c) Class
(d) Object
Answer:
(a) Array

Question 16.
How many types of arrays are there?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(c) 3

Question 17.
Pick the odd one out.
Indexed, Associative, Multi functional, Multi dimensional
Answer:
Multi functional

Question 18.
What is the keyword for creating an array?
(a) Arr( )
(b) array( )
(c) a( )
(d) a[ ]
Answer:
(b) array( )

Question 19.
One of the most useful aspects of using array is when it is combined with the …………………………. statement.
(a) if
(b) while
(c) for
(d) foreach
Answer:
(d) foreach

Question 20.
…………………………. specifies the value in the syntax of Association Array.
(a) value
(b) val
(c) value at
(d) value of
Answer:
(a) value

Question 21.
The key in the Associative Array may be of …………………………… or …………………………..
Answer:
numeric or string

Question 22.
………………………… arrays are a key value pair data structure.
(a) Indexed
(b) Numeric
(c) Associative
(d) Multidimensional
Answer:
(c) Associative

Question 23.
In PHP ………………………….. are Information hiding.
(a) Functions
(b) Variables
(c) Keywords
(d) datatypes
Answer:
(a) Functions

II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Classify functions?
Answer:
The Function can be divided in to three types as follow

1. User defined Function,
2. Pre-defined or System or built-in Function, and
3. Parameterized Function.

Question 2.
Define Magic functions?
Answer:

1. A function in PHP which starts with underscore ( ) is called as magic function.
2. Magic function is present inside the class.

III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write a PHP program for function with one arguments?
Answer:
<?php
function School_Name($sname) {
echo $sname.“in Tamilnadu.<br>”;
}
SchoolName (“Government Higher Secondary School Madurai”);
SchoolName (“Government Higher Secondary School Trichy”);
School Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Chennai”);
School Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Kanchipuram”);
School Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Tirunelveli”);
?>

Question 2.
Give an example for function with two arguments?
Answer:
<?php
function School_Name($sname,$Stfength) {
echo $sname.“in Tamilnadu and Student Strength is”.$Strength;
}
School Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Madurai”,200);
School Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Trichy”,300);
School Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Chennai”,250);
School Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Kanchipuram”, 100);
School Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Tirunelveli”,200);
?>

Question 3.
Write a PHP program to explain function with return values?
Answer:
For a function to return a value, use the return statement
<?php
function sum($x, $y) {
$z = $x + $y;
return $z;
}
echo “5 + 10 = “ . sum(5, 10). “<br>”;
echo “7 + 13 = “ . sum(7, 13). “<br>”;
echo “2 + 4 = “ . sum(2, 4);
?>

Question 4.
Give the Syntax for Associative Arrays?
Answer:
Associative Arrays Syntax:
array(key ⇒ value,key ⇒ value,key ⇒ value,etc.);
key = Specifies the key (numeric or string)
value = Specifies the value.

Question 5.
What is the use of array combine( ) in PHP?
Answer:
The array_combine( ) is an inbuilt function in PHP.
It is used to combine two arrays and create a new array by using one array for keys and another for values.
Eg. $c = array_combine($a, $b);

IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Give important characteristics of PHP functions?
Answer:

1. PHP Functions are Reducing duplication of code.
2. PHP Functions are Decomposing complex problems into simpler pieces.
3. PHP Functions are Improving clarity of the code.
4. PHP Functions are Reuse of code.
5. PHP Functions are Information hiding.

Students can Download Computer Applications Chapter 8 Forms and Files Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 8 Forms and Files

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Forms and Files Text Book Back Questions and Answers

PART – I
I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
When you use the $_GET variable to collect data, the data is visible to..
(a) none
(b) only you
(c) everyone
(d) selected few
Answer:
(c) everyone

Question 2.
Which one of the following should not be used while sending passwords or other sensitive information?
(a) GET
(b) POST
(c) REQUEST
(d) NEXT
Answer:
(a) GET

Question 3.
Which directive determines whether PHP scripts on the server can accept file uploads?
(a) file_uploads
(b) fileupload
(c) filejnput
(d) file_intake
Answer:
(a) file_uploads

Question 4.
In HTML form <input type=”text”> is used for …………………………..
(a) One line text
(b) Block of text
(c) One paragraph
(d) None
Answer:
(a) One line text

Question 5.
HTML classes that is already defined and allow us to apply styles on it are called as ………………………….
(a) Pseudo classes
(b) Css classes
(c) Javascript classes
(d) Nre
Answer:
(b) Css classes

Question 6.
If you would like to read a file character by character which function do you use?
(a) fopen( )
(b) fread( )
(c) fgetc( )
(d) fleo
Answer:
(c) fgetc( )

Question 7.
PHP is a ……………………….. typed language.
(a) User
(b) Loosely
(c) Server
(d) System
Answer:
(c) Server

Question 8.
What does fopen( ) function do in PHP?
(a) It used to open files in PHP
(b) It used to open Remote Server
(c) It used to open folders in PI-IP
(d) It used to open Remote Computer
Answer:
(b) It used to open Remote Server

Question 9.
How PHP files can be accessed?
(a) Through Web Browser
(b) Through HTML files
(c) Through Web Server
(d) All of Above
Answer:
(d) All of Above

Question 10.
Which of the following functions reads the entire contents of a file?
(a) fgets( )
(b) file_get_contents( )
(c) fread( )
(d) readfile( )
Answer:
(b) file_get_contents( )

PART – II
II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Define HTML form controls?
Answer:
Main objective of PHP and HTML form controls are to collect data from users. The various form controls are

1. Text inputs
2. Checkbox
3. File Select
   • Buttons
   • Radio box
   • FormTag

Question 2.
Define for Form Handling method in PHP?
Answer:

1. Form tag is used to mention a method (POST or GET) and control the entire form controls in the HTML document.
2. All input values are synchronized and sent to the server via POST or GET method.

Question 3.
What is Form Validation in PHP?
Answer:

1. Validation is a process of checking the input data submitted by the user from client machine.
2. There are two types of validation available in PHP. They are as follows, Client-Side Validation, Server Side Validation.

Question 4.
List out HTML control to support PHP language?
Answer:
Basic HTML Form Controls
The following control types are available in HTML form controlling:

1. Text inputs
2. Checkbox
3. File Select
4. Buttons
5. Radio box
6. Form Tag

Text inputs contain textbox and text area controls. Buttons may contain Submit button, Reset button and Cancel Button.

Question 5.
Write Syntax of Text box in HTML?
Answer:
Name: <input type-‘text” name=“name”><br>
E-mail: <input type=“texf ’ name=“email”><br>

Question 6.
Define File handling in PHP?
Answer:
Files
File handling is an important activity of all web application development process. Files are processed for different tasks using the following events:

1. PHP Open a File
2. PHP Read a File
3. PHP Close a File
4. PHP Write a File
5. PHP Appending a File and
6. PHP uploading a File.

Question 7.
Define Browse button in HTML?
Answer:
Browse Button in HTML:

1. In the <Input> tag mention type = “file” attribute shows the input field as a file-select control, with a “Browse” button next to the input control.
2. Browse button is used to search for any file or websites.

Question 8.
Write Syntax of Browse button in HTML?
Answer:
Syntax:
<input type = file name = browse>

Question 9.
Compare Text box and Text Area?
Answer:
Text Box:

1. Text Box is a single line box
2. Text boxes are generally used for collecting information such as names, email addresses.

Text Area:

1. Text area is a multiple line box
2. Text area’s are generally used to gather feedback or comments.
3. It has a limit of 32700 characters.

Question 10.
Usage of File open function?
Answer:

1. fopen( ) is a system function available in PHP.
2. This function helps to open a file in the server.
3. It contains two parameters one for the file and the other one specifies in which mode the file should be opened (Read/Write).

PART – III
III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write the features Form Handling?
Answer:
Form Handling:

1. Form controls are used to collect data from the users and sent to server.
2. When the user keying the input data in HTML controls and clicks the submit button the request will be generated and reaches a PHP file which is mentioned in the FORM tag under the Action attribute.
3. All input values are synchronized and sent to the server via POST method or GET method.
4. Once the data reaches the server, two PHP variables such as $_POST and $_GET collects – the data and prepares the response accordingly.

Question 2.
Write the purpose Get method and Post method?
Answer:
All input values are synchronized and sent to the server via POST method or GET method. Method is an attribute form tag in HTML. Once the data reaches the server, two PHP variables such as $_POST and $_GET collects the data and prepares the response accordingly.

Post Method:
The input data sent to the server with POST method is stored in the request body of the client’s HTTP request.

Get Method:
The input data sent to the server with POST method via URL address is known as query string. All input data are visible by user after they clicks the submit button.

Question 3.
Differentiate Get and Post Method?
Answer:
Get Method:

1. It is used to send data through URL address.
2. All the input data are visible.
3. It is faster.
4. It is less secure.

Post Method:

1. It is send through clients HTTP request.
2. It is not visible.
3. It is little slow.
4. It is secured.

Question 4.
Write short notes on File handling?
Answer:

1. File handling is an important activity of all web application development process.
2. Files are processed for different tasks using the following events:
   1. Opening a file
   2. Reading a file
   3. closing a file
   4. To write a file
   5. To append a file
   6. To upload a file

Question 5.
Write short notes on File handling functions?
Answer:

1. fopen( ) – PHP Open a File
2. fread( ) – PHP Read a File,
3. fclose( ) – PHP Close a File,
4. fwrite( ) – PHP Write a File,
5. file_put_contents( ) – PHP Appending a File

PART – IV
IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Explain Form Handling methods?
Answer:
PHP Basic Form Handling:

1. When the user keying the input data in HTML controls and clicks the submit button the request will be generated and reaches a PHP file which is mentioned in the FORM tag under the Action attribute.
2. All input values are synchronized and sent to the server via POST method or GET method.
3. Method is an attribute form tag in HTML. Once the data reaches the server, two PHP variables such as $_POST and $_GET collects the data and prepares the response accordingly.

Post Method:
The input data sent to the server with POST method is stored in the request body of the client’s HTTP request.

Get Method:
The input data sent to the server with POST method via URL address is known as query string. All input data are visible by user after they clicks the submit button.
Example:
Test.html:
<htnjl>
<body>
<form action=“welcome.php” method=“posf’>
Name: <input type=“text” name=“name”><br>
E-mail: <input type=“text” name=“email”><br>
<input type=“submif’>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Welcome.php:
<html>
<body>
Welcome <?php echo $_POST[“name”]; ?><br>
Your email address is: <?php echo $_POST[“email”]; ?>
</body>
</html>

• HTML File contains two Text Box (Name and Email), One Button and one form tag. The remote server PHP file (welcome.php) is mentioned in form tag under the Action Attribute.
• In “Welcome.Php” file, PHP variables such as $_POST and SGET collects the data and prepares the response accordingly.
• Eventually the user will receive the output response in the client machine’s browser screen.

Question 2.
Discuss in detail about HTML form controls?
Answer:
Basic HTML Form Controls
The following control types are available in HTML form controlling:

1. Text inputs
2. Buttons
3. Checkbox
4. Radio box
5. File Select
6. Form Tag

1. Text inputs contain textbox and text area controls.
2. Buttons may contain Submit button, Reset button and Cancel Button.
3. Checkbox is the important feature which selects more than one value from the HTML form.
4. Radio box is similar to checkbox but one value can be chosen at a time.
5. File select is the best feature to select one file from the local machine to server machine at a time.
6. Form tag is used to mention a method (POST or GET) and control the entire form controls in the HTML document

Question 3.
Explain the process File handling?
Answer:
File handling is an important activity of all web application development process. Files are processed for different tasks using the following events:

1. PHP Open a File,
2. PHP Read a File,
3. PHP Close a File,
4. PHP Write a File,
5. PHP Appending a File and
6. PHP uploading a File.

1. Open a File:
fopen( ) is a system function available in PHP. This function helps to open a file in the server. It contains two parameters one for the file and the other one specifies in which mode the file should be opened (Read/Write).
Syntax:
$file_Object= fopen(“FileName”, “Read/WriteMode”) or die(“Error Message!”);
Example:
<?php
Smyfile = fopen(“Student.txt’’, “r”) or die(“Unable to open file!”);
?>

2. Read a File:
The fread( ) function reads from an open file. The file object comes from fopen function.
Syntax:
ffead($file_Object,filesize(“FileName”));
Example:
<?php
fread($myfile,filesize(“Student.txt”));
?>

3. Close a File:
The fclose( ) function is used to close an opened file. The file object comes from fopen function.
Syntax:
fclose($file_Object);
Example:
fclose($myfile)

4. write a File:
The fwrite( ) function is used to write to a file.
Syntax:
fwrite($myfile, $txt);
Example:
fwrite($myfile, $txt)

5. Appending a File
The file_put_contents( ) function is used to Append to a file. The various parameters used in appending a file are
Syntax:
file_put_contents(file, data, mode, context)

6. File Upload:

1. File upload is the best feature to select one file from the local machine to server machine.
2. Form tag is used to mention a method as POST or GET and encrypt attribute mentioned as “multipart/form-data”.
3. In the <Input> tag mention type=”file” attribute shows the input field as a file-select control, with a “Browse” button next to the input control. The form above sends data to a file called “Student_photo_upload.php”.
4. First, ensure that PHP is configured to allow file uploads.
5. In Server machine “php.ini” file, search for the file_uploads directive, and set it to On:
   “file_upIoads = On”

Question 4.
Explain concepts of HTTP Uploading process?
Answer:
File Upload:
1. File upload is the best feature to select one file from the local machine to server.machine. Form tag is used to mention a method as POST or GET and encrypt attribute mentioned as “multipart/form-data”.

2. In the <Input> tag mention type=”file” attribute shows the input field as a file-select control, with a “Browse” button next to the input control.

3. The form above sends data to a file called “Student_photo_upload.php”.

4. First, ensure that PHP is configured to allow file uploads.

5. In Server machine “php.ini” file, search for the file_uploads directive, and set it to On:
“file_upIoads = On”

6. After submitting the upload button the request reaches to Student_photo_upload.php file. In the file $_FILES variable collects all uploaded file information such as name of the file, size of the file and extension of the file etc.

7. All the details are checked thoroughly and the errors are saved in an array variable.

8. The file finally moves under the image directory if the array error variable is empty.

Question 5.
Explain in detail of File handling functions?
Answer:
File handling is an important activity of all web application development process. Files are processed for different tasks using the following events:

1. PHP Open a File,
2. PHP Read a File,
3. PHP Close a File,
4. PHP Write a File,
5. PHP Appending a File and
6. PHP uploading a File.

1. Open a File
fopen( ) is a system function available in PHP. This function helps to open a file in the server. It contains two parameters one for the file and the other one specifies in which mode the file should be opened (Read/Write).
Syntax:
$file_Object= fopen(“FileName”, “Read/WriteMode”) or die(“Error Message!”);
Example:
<?php
$myfile = fopen(“Student.txf’, “r”) or die(“Unable to open file!”);
?>

2. Read a File:
The ffead( ) function reads from an open file. The file object comes from fopen function.
Syntax:
fread($file_Object,filesize(“FileName”));
Example:
<?php
fread($myfile,filesize(“Student,txt”));
?>

3. Close a File:
The fclose( ) function is used to close an opened file. The file object comes from fopen function.
Syntax:
fclose($file_Object);
Example:
fclose($myfile);

4. write a File:
The fwrite( ) function is used to write to a file.
Syntax:
fwrite($myfile, $txt);
Example:
fwrite($myfile, $txt);

5. Appending a File
The file_put_contents( ) function is used to Append to a file. The various parameters used in appending a file.
file_put_contents (file, data, mode, context)

6. File Upload:
1. File upload is the best feature to select one file from the local machine to server machine.
Form tag is used to mention a method as POST or GET and encrypt attribute mentioned as “multipart/form-data”.

2. In the <Input> tag mention type=“file” attribute shows the input field as a file-select control, with a “Browse” button next to the input control. The form above sends data to a file called “Student_photo_upload.php”.
Note: First, ensure that PHP is configured to allow file uploads.

3. In Server machine “php.ini” file, search for the file_uploads directive, and set it to On:
“fileuploads = On”

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Forms and Files Additional Question and Answer

1. Choose the Best Answer

Question 1.
………………………… inputs contain text box and text area controls.
Answer:
Text

Question 2.
Pick the odd one out.
(a) Submit
(b) Reset
(c) File
(d) Cancel
Answer:
(c) File

Question 3.
Which one of the control selects more than one value from the HTML form?
Answer:
(a) Checkbox
(b) Reset
(c) Buttons
(d) Text
Answer:
(a) Checkbox

Question 4.
…………………………. is used to select one value can be chosen at a time.
(a) Checkbox
(b) Radio box
(c) Textbox
(d) File
Answer:
(b) Radio box

Question 5.
Which is the best feature to select one file from the local machine to server machine at a time?
(a) Radio box
(b) Check box
(c) File select
(d) Textbox
Answer:
(c) File select

Question 6.
Find the Incorrect pair.
(a) Radio box – one value a time
(b) File select – Select one file from local machine to server
(c) Text – Text Box
(d) Input – Text Area
Answer:
(d) Input – Text Area

Question 7.
Which tag is used to mention POST or GET method?
(a) Frame
(b) Form
(c) File
(d) Input
Answer:
(b) Form

Question 8.
…………………………. is an attribute of form tag in HTML.
(a) post
(b) Get
(c) method
(d) php get
Answer:
(c) method

Question 9.
In get method, the input data sent URL address is known as …………………………….
Answer:
query string

Question 10.
………………………. is a process of checking the input data submitted by the user from client machine.
(a) collection
(b) verification
(c) validation
(d) Report
Answer:
(c) validation

Question 11.
How many types of validation are available in PHP?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(b) 2

Question 12.
The two types of validation are ………………………. and …………………………. validation.
Answer:
client side and server-slide

Question 13.
Pick the odd one out
(a) PHP
(b) JS
(c) JSP
(d) ASP
Answer:
(b) JS

Question 14.
Find the statement which is true.
(a) The input data validations are performed on the clients machine’s web browser
(b) The input data validations are performed on the server machine
Answer:
(a) The input data validations are performed on the clients machine’s web browser

Question 15.
The “required” attributed in HTML input tags are present in ………………………. validation.
(a) server side
(b) client side
(c) PHP script
(d) script code
Answer:
(b) client side

Question 16.
Which one of the following is not an back-end application?
(a) CGI
(b) HTML
(c) ASP Script
(d) PHP Script
Answer:
(b) HTML

Question 17.
How many parameters are there in fopen( ) functions?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(b) 2

Question 18.
The …………………………… function reads from an open file.
Answer:
fread( )

Question 19.
Which function is used to append to a file?
(a) fread( )
(b) fopen( )
(c) file_put_contents( )
(d) fwrite( )
Answer:
(c) file_put_contents( )

Question 20.
How many parameters are there in file_put_contents( ) function?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(c) 4

Question 21.
How many parameters are required and options in the file_put_contents( )?
(a) 1,2
(b) 2,2
(c) 3,2
(d) 2,1
Answer:
(b) 2,2

Question 22.
The data to be written to the file cannot be …………………………….
(a) string
(b) pointers
(c) array
(d) data stream
Answer:
(b) pointers

Question 23.
………………….. is set of options in append that can modify the behaviour of a stream.
(a) file
(b) data
(c) mode
(d) context
Answer:
(d) context

Question 24.
In the file $_FILES variable collect all uploaded file information such as
(a) name of the file
(b) size of the file
(c) extension of the file
(d) all the above
Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 25.
The file finally moves under the ……………………… directory if the array error variable is empty.
(a) image
(b) post
(c) get
(d) file
Answer:
(a) image

Question 26.
AJAX me ……………………………………..
Answer:
Asynchronous Javascript

Question 27.
AJAX uses ………………………… to display the data.
Answer:
HTML DOM

II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Give the syntax for fopen( ) function?
Answer:
Syntax:
$file_Object= fopen(“FileName”, “ReadAVriteMode”) or die(“Error Message!”);

Question 2.
Give the syntax for fread( ) function?
Answer:
Syntax:
fread($file_Object,filesize(“FileName”));

III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write note on client-side validation?
Answer:
Client-Side Validation: The input data validations are performed on the client machine’s web browsers using client side scripts like Java script or adding “required” attribute in HTML input tags.

Question 2.
What is meant by Server side validation?
Answer:
Server Side Validation: After the submission of data, validations are performed on the server side using the programming like PHP, ASP or JSP etc. available in the server machine.

Question 3.
Write a code to do validation in client side?
Answer:
Example:
<input> required Attribute in HTML <form action=“welcome.php”>
Username: <input type=“text” name=“name” required>
<input type=“submit”>
</form>

Question 4.
Give the syntax for fclose( ) function?
Answer:
Syntax:
fclose($file_Objecdt):

Question 5.
Explain various parameters used in appending the file?
Answer:

IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Write a HTML program to produce the following output?

Test.html:
<html>
<body>
<form action=“welcome.php” method=“post”>
Name: <input type=“text” name=“name”><br>
E-mail: <input type=“text” name=“email”><br>
<input type=“siibmit”>
</form>
</body>
– </html>
Welcome.php:
<html>
<body>
Welcome <?php echo $_POST[“name”]; ?><br>
Your email address is: <?php echo $_POST[“email”]; ?> </body>
</html>

Question 2.
Explain how to append a file in PHP?
PHP Appending a File
Answer:
The file_put_contents( ) function is used to Append to a file.
Syntax:
file_put_contents(file, data, mode, context)

Example:
<?php
$txt = “Student id”;
Smyfile = file_put_contents(Togs.txt’, $txt.
PHP EOL, FILEAPPEND | LOCK_EX);
?>

Students can Download Computer Applications Chapter 4 Introduction to Hypertext Pre-Processor Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Introduction to Hypertext Pre-Processor

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Introduction to Hypertext Pre-Processor Text Book Back Questions and Answers

PART – I
I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
What does PHP stand for?
(a) Personal Home Page
(b) Hypertext Preprocessor
(c) Pretext Hypertext Processor
(d) Pre-processor Home Page
Answer:
(b) Hypertext Preprocessor

Question 2.
What does PHP files have a default file extension?
(a) html
(b) xml
(c) .php
(d) ph
Answer:
(c) .php

Question 3.
A PHP script should start with ……………………. and end with …………………….
(a) <php>
(b) < ? php ?>
(c) < ? ? >
(d) < ?php ? >
Answer:
(d) < ?php ? >

Question 4.
Which of the following must be installed on your computer so as to mn PHP script?
(a) Adobe
(b) windows
(c) Apache
(d) IIS
Answer:
(c) Apache

Question 5.
We can use ………………….. to comment a single line?
(i) /?
(ii) 11
(iii) #
(iv) /* */
(a) Only (ii)
(b) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(d) Both (ii) and (iv)
Answer:
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)

Question 6.
What will be the output of the following PHP code?
Ans
< ?php
$num =1;
$num1 =2;
print $num . $num1 ;
?>
(a) 3
(b) 1+2
(c) 1.+.2
(d) Error
Answer:
(a) 3

Question 7.
Which of the following PHP statements Will output Hello World on the screen?
(a) echo (“Hello World”)
(b) print (“Hello World”)
(c) printf (“Hello World”)
(d) sprintf (“Hello World”)
Answer:
(a) echo (“Hello World”)

Question 8.
Which statement will output $x on the screen?
(a) echo “\$x”
(b) echo “$$x”
(c) echo “/$x”
(d) echo “$x
Answer:
(a) echo “\$x”

Question 9.
Which of the below symbols is a newline character?
(a) \r
(b) \n
(c) /n
(d) /r
Answer:
(b) \n

PART – II
II. Short Answers

Question 1.
What are the common usages of PHP?
Answer:

1. It is very simple and lightweight open source server side scripting language.
2. It can easily embed with HTML and other client side scripting languages like CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and Java script.
3. It also creates dynamic and interaction Webpages in the red time Web development projects.

Question 2.
What is Webserver?
Answer:
Web server software is available as open source or licensed version in the market. A Web server is a Software that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve the files that form Web pages to users.

Question 3.
What are the types scripting language?
Answer:
Web scripting languages are classified into two types, client side and server side scripting language. PHP is completely different from Client side scripting language like Java script. The PHP code entirely executes on Webserver which is installed in the remote machine.

Question 4.
Difference between Client and Server?
Answer:
The server is a high performance hardware machine it could run more than one application concurrently. The client is a separate hardware machine which is connected with server in the network (Intemet/intranet). It could send the request and receive the response from the server hardware. The Server and client are also called as service provider and service requester respectively.

Question 5.
Give few examples of Web Browser?
Answer:
Internet Explorer
UC Browser
Opera
Google Chrome and
Mozilla Firefox.

Question 6.
What is URL?
Answer:
URL: Uniform Resource Locator, the address of a specific Web page or file on the Internet. Eg. http://example.com

Question 7.
Is PHP a case sensitive language?
Answer:
Yes, smaller case & uppercase letters are different in PHP.

Question 8.
How to declare variables in PHP?
Answer:
The variable in PHP begins with a dollar ($) symbol and the assignment activity implemented using “=” operator, finally the statement ends with semi colon The semicolon indicates the end of statement.
$a=5; $b=T0;

Question 9.
Define Client Server Architecture?
Answer:
The client server architecture introduces application sharing mechanism between two different hardware systems over the network (Intemet/intranet).

Question 10.
Define Webserver?
Answer:
Web server software is available as open source or licensed version in the market.
A Web server is a Software that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve the files that form Web pages to users.

PART – III
III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write the features of server side scripting language?
Answer:

1. The server is a high performance hardware machine it could run more than one application concurrently.
2. Most of the server side scripting languages are working on any one the client server architecture model.
3. Webserver is software which is running in server hardware.
4. It takes the responsibilities for compilation and execution of server side scripting languages.

Question 2.
Write is the purpose of Web servers?
Answer:

1. Webserver is software which is running in server hardware.
2. It takes the responsibilities for compilation and execution of server side scripting languages.
3. After receiving the request from client machine the Web server tries to compile and interpret the PHP code which is available in remote machine.
4. Next a response will be generated and sent back to the client machine over the network from Webserver.

Question 3.
Differentiate Server side and Client Side Scripting language?
Answer:
Server Side Scripting Language:

1. Server is a high performance hardware machine. It could run more than one application concurrently.
2. The server is the service provider.
3. Ex. Php. Asp.net, Python, Cold Fusion
4. It is relatively secure

Client Side Scripting Language:

1. The client is a separate hardware machine which is connected with server in the network.
2. The client is the service requester
3. html, css, Javascript
4. Insecure

Question 4.
In how many ways you can embed PHP code in an HTML page?
Answer:

1. PHP script can be written in side of HTML code and save the file with extension of .php. The embedded PHP file get executed in the Webserver, the browser receives only the HTML and other client side files.
2. Php files can also be embedded with css and js files.
3. Using template engines like Smarty, DWOO, Mustache, Blade we can embed php files.

Question 5.
Write short notes on PHP operator?
Answer:
Operator is a symbol which is used to perform mathematical and logical operations in the programing languages. Different types of operator in PHP are:

1. Arithmetic operators
2. Assignment operators
3. Comparison operators
4. Increment/Decrement operators,
5. Logical operators, and
6. String operators.

PART – IV
IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Explain client side and server side scripting language?
Answer:

1. PHP (Hypertext Pre-processor) is a one of the important server side Web and general purpose scripting language invented by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994.
2. It is very simple and lightweight open source server side scripting language.
3. It can easily embed with HTML and other client side scripting languages like CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and Java script.
4. It also creates dynamic and interactive Webpages in the real time Web development projects
5. Web scripting languages are classified into two types, client side and server side scripting language.
6. PHP is completely different from Client side scripting language like Java script.
7. The PHP code entirely executes on Webserver which is installed in the remote machine and it is generating HTML code which is sent to the user.
8. The user receives the HTML code and sees the Website contents via Internet browser in their computer or laptop.
9. PHP also supports OOPs (Object Oriented Programing) concepts. It is applicable to implement all OOPs features such as class, object and inheritance etc. The action is shown in Figure.

Question 2.
Discuss in detail about Website development activities?
Answer:
The process of development also includes Web content generation, Web page designing, Website security and so on.
PHP Script:
1. Website or Web page is developed by the programmer using PHP script. Finally the entire Website codes are moved to Web server path in a remote server machine.

2. From client side, the end user opens a browser, types the URL of the Website or Webpage and initiates the request to remote server machine over the network.

3. After receiving the request from client machine the Web server tries to compile and interpret the PHP code which is available in remote machine.

4. Next a response will be generated and sent back to the client machine over the network from Webserver.

5. Finally the browser which is installed in the client machine receives the response and displays the output to user.

Question 3.
Explain the process of Webserver installation?
Answer:
Web server software that runs on server hardware, governs the server side scripting compilation into an intermediate byte-code that is then interpreted by the runtime engine.

Web server software is available as open source or licensed version in the market. Recent statistics of Web server usage depict that more than 130% Websites are running under the open source Web servers such as Tomcat Apache, Nginx etc. The following are the steps to install and configure Apache Httpd Webserver and PHP module in windows server machine.

Step 1:
Go to Apache foundation Website and download the Httpd Webserver Software.
https://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi

Step 2:
After downloading .MSI file from Apache foundation Website, user launches the. MSI file and clicks next and next button to finish the installation on server machine. The software takes default port number 130 or 130130. Once the user finished, the Web server software is installed and configured on server hardware machine as a service.

Step 3:
To test the installation of Apache Httpd Webserver, enter the following URL from your Web browser which is installed in your client machine.
https://localhost:130/ or https://localhost: 130130 The output page that says “Its works”

Step 4:
Administrator user can start, stop and restart the Web server service at any time via windows Control panel. Once the services stops, the client machine will not receive the response message from server machine.

Step 5:
Webserver’s configuration setting “httpd.conf” file is located in the conf directory under the apache installation directory. Edit this file and enable the PHP module to run PHP scripting language.

Question 4.
Discuss in detail about PHP data types?
Answer:
PHP Data type:
PHP scripting language supports 13 primitive data types. Data Types plays important role in all programing languages to classify the data according to the logics. PHP supports the following data types.

1. String
2. Integer
3. Float
4. Boolean
5. Array
6. Object
7. NULL
8. Resource

1. String:
String is a collection of characters within the double or single quotes like
“Computer Application” or ‘Computer Application’. Space is also considered as a character.
Example:
$x = “Computer Application!”;

2. Integer:
Integer is a data type which contains non decimal numbers.
Example:
$x = 59135;
*
The var_dump( ) system define function, returns structured information (type and value) about variables in PHP.

3. Float:
Float is a data type which contains decimal numbers.
Example:
$x = 19.15;

4. Boolean:
Boolean is a data type which denotes the possible two states, TRUE or FALSE
Example:
$x = true;
$y = false;

5. Array:
Array is a data type which has multiple values in single variable.
Example:
Scars = array(“Computer”,“Laptop”,“Mobile”);

OUTPUT:
array(3) {[0]=> string(5) “Computer” [1]=>
string(3) “Laptop “ [2]=> string(6)” Mobile”}
Var_dump:
The var_dump( ) function is used to dump information about a variable. This function displays structured information such as type and value of the given variable. Arrays and objects are explored recursively with values indented to show structure.

6. Object:
PHP object is a data type which contains information about data and function inside-the class.
<?php
class School {
function marks( ) {
$this->sec = “A”;
}
}
// create an object
$schoolobj = new School ( );
?>
OUTPUT
NULL

7. NULL:
Null is a special data type which contains a single,value: NULL
<?php $x = null;
?>
OUTPUT:
NULL

8. Resources:
Resource is a specific variable, it has a reference to an external resource. These variables hold specific handlers to handle files and database connections in respective PHP program.
<?php
// Open a file for reading
Shandle = fopen(“note.txt”, “r”);
var_dump($handle);
echo “<br>”;
// Connect to MySQL database server with
default setting
Slink = mysql_connect(“localhost”, “root”, “”);
var_dump($link);
?>

Question 5.
Explain operators in PHP with example?
Answer:
Operators in PHP:
Operator is a symbol which is used to perform mathematical and logical operations in the programing languages. Different types of operator in PHP are:

1. Arithmetic operators
2. Assignment operators
3. Comparison operators
4. Increment/Decrement operators
5. Logical operators, and
6. String operators.

1. Arithmetic operators:
The arithmetic operators in PHP perform general arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division etc.

2. Assignment Operators:
Assignment operators are performed with numeric values to store a value to a variable. The default assignment operator is “=”. This operator sets the left side operant value of expression to right side variable.

3. Comparison Operators:
Comparison operators perform an action to compare two values. These values may contain integer or string data types (Number or Strings).

4. Increment and Decrement Operators:
Increment and decrement operators are used to perform the task of increasing or decreasing variable’s value. This operator is mostly used during iterations in the program logics.

5. Logical Operators:
Logical Operators are used to combine conditional statements.

6. String Operators:
Two operators are used to perform string related operations such as Concatenation and Concatenation assignment (Appends).

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Introduction to Hypertext Pre-Processor Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose The Best Answer

Question 1.
Tim Benner’s Lee developed
(i) Internet
(ii) www
(iii) Javascript
(iv) css
(a) only (i)
(b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (i), (ii), (iii)
(d) (ii), (iii), (iv)
Answer:
(b) (i) and (ii)

Question 2.
……………………… Scripting languages was introduced to support Internet online business.
(a) Server
(b) Client
(c) Web
(d) Online
Answer:
(c) Web

Question 3.
Which one of the following is a fundamental part of any dynamic web page?
(a) HTML
(b) PHP
(c) CSS
(d) JS
Answer:
(b) PHP

Question 4.
PHP was invented by
(a) Rasmus Lerdoof
(b) Tim Berner’s Lee
(c) Bob Frankston
(d) Don Bricklin
Answer:
(a) Rasmus Lerdoof

Question 5.
CSS means
(a) combined script style
(b) cascading style sheets
(c) calculated spreadsheet
(d) consecutive script sheets
Answer:
(b) cascading style sheets

Question 6.
Pick the odd one out.
php, css, ASP, JSP
Answer:
CSS

Question 7.
ASP stands for
(a) All server pages
(b) All script pages
(c) Active server pages
(d) Active script pages
Answer:
(c) Active server pages

Question 8.
JSP means
(a) Joint Server photographs
(b) Java Server pages
(c) Java Script program
(d) Active script pages
Answer:
(b) Java Server pages

Question 9.
ASP is developed by
(a) Apache
(b) Apple
(c) Microsoft
(d) Macromedia
Answer:
(c) Microsoft

Question 10.
In which year php was developed?
(a) 1991
(b) 1992
(c) 1993
(d) 1994
Answer:
(d) 1994

Question 11.
Find the Incorrect statement:
(I) 78.9% of websites are developed by PHP Scripting Language.
(II) 2.2% of websites developed with Python.
Answer:
(II) 2.2% of websites developed with Python.

Question 12.
CGI stands for
(a) Common Gateway Interface
(b) Call Gateway Interrupt
(c) Cold Gateway Interface
(d) Client Gateway Interface
Answer:
(a) Common Gateway Interface

Question 13.
IIS is
(a) Interrupt Interface Service
(b) Intra Interface Service
(c) Intra Interface Service
(d) Internet Intranet Service
Answer:
(b) Intra Interface Service

Question 14.
PHP, 7.3 is released on
(a) Dec 30 2017
(b) Nov 30 2017
(c) Oct 30 2017
(d) Jan 30 2018
Answer:
(b) Nov 30’ 2017

Question 15.
Find the Correct one
(i) PHP is an open source
(ii) Apache tom cat supports PHP
(iii) MS-ITS Supports PHP
(a) Only (i) is true
(b) (ii), (iii) – True
(c) (i), (ii) – True
(d) (i), (ii), (iii) – True
Answer:
(d) (i), (ii), (iii) – True

Question 16.
The ……………………… is a high performance hardware machine it could run more than one application concurrently.
Answer:
Server

Question 17.
The ……………………… is a separate hardware machine which is connected with server in the networks.
Answer:
Client

Question 18.
Match the following
1. Webservers – (a) ASP
2. Server Scripting Language – (b) Server
3. Service provider – (c) Microsoft IIS
4. Service requester – (d) Client
(a) 1 -(c) 2-(a) 3-(b) 4-(d)
(b) 1-(a)2 (b) 3-(c) 4-(d)
(c) 1-(d)2-(c)3-(b)4-(a)
(d) 1-(d) 2-(a) 2-(b) 4-(c)
Answer:
(a) 1 -(c) 2-(a) 3-(b) 4-(d)

Question 19.
How many client server architecture models there?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(b) 3

Question 20.
The ……………………… architecture is used for the server, accessed by client as two layer interactions.
Answer:
two tier

Question 21.
Statement I: Multi/Three tier Architecture is used for the server, accessed by client through more than one layer Interaction.
Statement 2: The programmer could decide the count of business logic layers according to the software requirement.
(a) I – True, II – False
(b) I – False, II – True
(c) I, II – Both True
(d) I, II – Both False
Answer:
(c) I, II – Both True

Question 22.
……………………… is a software which is running in server hardware.
Answer:
webserver

Question 23.
Which takes the responsibilities for compilation and execution of server side scripting languages?
(a) Client
(b) HTML
(c) JS
(d) Web Server
Answer:
(d) Web Server

Question 24.
How many clarifications of web scripting languages are there?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(b) 2

Question 25.
OOP’S stands for ……………………………
Answer:
object oriented programming

Question 26.
How many percentage of websites are running under the open source web servers?
(a) 100%
(b) 70%
(c) 120%
(d) 130%
Answer:
(d) 130%

Question 27.
What is the default port number taken by the software after installation?
(a) 100
(b) 110
(c) 120
(d) 130
Answer:
(d) 130

Question 28.
Name the configuration setting file which is used to run PHP scripting language?
(a) httpk.conf
(b) httpd.conf
(c) httpp.conf
(d) httpdd.conf
Answer:
(b) httpd.conf

Question 29.
Under which directory httpd.conf file is located?
(a) configure
(b) config
(c) configuration
(d) conf
Answer:
(d) conf

Question 30.
How many types of PHP syntax are available?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) A
Answer:
(c) 3

Question 31.
Pick the odd one out
Default syntax, Shortcut Tags, Short Open Tags, HTML Script embed Tags
Answer:
Shortcut Tags

Question 32.
For short open tags, the admin has to enable settings in ………………………… file?
(a) init
(b) php
(c) initialise
(d) php.ini
Answer:
(d) php.ini

Question 33.
The short open tags begins with ………………………….. and closes with ……………………………
Answer:
<? and ?>

Question 34.
Find the correct statement.
1) The embedded PHP file gets executed by the web client.
2) The embedded PHP file get executed in the web server.
Answer:
2) The embedded PHP file get executed in the web server.

Question 35.
………………………….. are the storage locations which can store the values for the later manipulations in the program.
(a) typecast
(b) variables
(c) operand
(d) include
Answer:
(b) variables

Question 36.
The variable in PHP begins with a …………………….. symbol.
(a) $
(b) #
(c) II
(d) =
Answer:
(a) $

Question 37.
The statements in PHP ends with
(a) $
(b) =
(c) ;
(d) :
Answer:
(c) ;

Question 38.
Which one of the following statement is correct related to variable?
(a) data type is required
(b) data type is not required
Answer:
(b) data type is not required

Question 39.
Which is false?
(a) variable name can start with number
(b) variable name can never start with a number
Answer:
(a) variable name can start with number

Question 40.
How many primitive data types are there in PHP scripting language?
(a) 10
(b) 11
(c) 12
(d) 13
Answer:

Question 41.
Identify the Incorrect statements
Case (I) variables are used to classify the data according to the logics Case
(II) Data types are used to classify the data according to the logics
Answer:
Case (I) variables are used to classify the data according to the logics Case

Question 42.
Pick the odd one.
UNIQUE NULL OBJECT ARRAY
Answer:
UNIQUE

Question 43.
………………………. is a collection of characters within the double quotes or single quotes.
Answer:
String

Question 44.
Space is considered as a character.
(a) True
(b) False
Answer:
(a) True

Question 45.
How many possible values does Boolean data type has?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(a) 2

Question 46.
Which datatype contains non-decimal numbers?
(a) Integer
(b) Float
(c) Boolean
(d) Octal
Answer:
(a) Integer

Question 47.
Which function gives information about the given variable?
Ans
(a) var( )
(b) variable( )
(c) var-dump( )
(d) vardump( )
Answer:
(c) var-dump( )

Question 48.
………………………… is a data type which contains information about data and function inside the class.
Answer:
object

Question 49.
What is the keyword used to create a class?
(a) class
(b) classes
(c) class name
(d) class tag
Answer:
(a) class

Question 50.
………………………… variables holds specific handlers to handle files and database connections
Answer:
Resource

Question 51.
………………………. is a symbol which is used to perform mathematical and logical operations.
Answer:
Operator

Question 52.
How many types of operators are there in PHP?
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6
Answer:
(d) 6

Question 53.
Pick the odd one out.
(a) && || ! !=
(b) == == !=
Answer:
(a) != (b)=

Question 54.
Which one of the following is the modulus operator?
(a) +
(b) %
(c) ||
(d) !
Answer:
(b) %

Question 55.
Which is the default assignment operator?
(a) =
(b) ==
(c) ===
(d) ====
Answer:
(a) =

Question 56.
Pick the odd one out.
(a) +=
(b) *=
(c) >=
(d) %=
Answer:
(c) >=

Question 57.
Assignment operator set the …………………….. side operant value of expression to ……………………… side variable.
Answer:
left and right

Question 58.
Which operators compares two values?
(a) Arithmetic
(b) Increment
(c) Comparision
(d) Logical
Answer:
(c) Comparision

Question 59.
Match the following
1. And – (i) &&
2. Or – (ii) ||
3. Not – (iii) !
4. Not equal – (iv) image
(a) 1-(i) 2-(ii) 3-(iii) 4-(iv)
(b) 1-(iv) 2-(iii) 3 -(ii) 4-(iii)
Answer:
(a) 1-(i) 2-(ii) 3-(iii) 4-(iv)

Question 60.
Identify the wrongly matched pair.
(a) Equal – ==
(b) Not Equal – ! =
(c) Not Identical – <>
(d) Identical – ===
Answer:
(c) Not Identical – <>

Question 61.
Which operator is mostly used during iteration in the program logics.
(a) Increment
(b) Decrement
(c) both a & b
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) both a & b

Question 62.
!$x is an example of …………………………… operator.
(a) And
(b) Or
(c) Not
(d) Xor
Answer:
(c) Not

Question 63.
Which operator combines conditional statements.
(a) Comparision
(b) Relational
(c) Resource
(d) Logical
Answer:
(d) Logical

Question 64.
The string concatenation operator is ………………………….
(a) +
(b) .
(c) -=
(d) – =
Answer:
(b) .

Question 65.
…………………………. Concatenation assignment operator.
Answer:
.. =

Question 66.
Concatenation assignment operator comes under
(a) Assignment
(b) String
(c) Character
(d) Logical
Answer:
(b) String

Question 67.
Which operator appends are text to the another?
(а) Character
(b) Assignment
(c) Strings
(d) Logical
Answer:
(c) Strings

Question 68.
Find the statement which is wrong?
(a) PHP is a security program language
(b) PHP is a Flexibility program language
(c) PHP is a platform dependent program language
(d) PHP is a Real-Time Access Monitoring programming language
Answer:
(c) PHP is a platform dependent program language

Question 69.
URL Stands for ………………………….
Answer:
Uniform Resource Locator

Question 70.
HTTP means ……………………….
Answer:
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

II. Short Answers

Question 1.
Define Web browser?
Answer:
(i) Web Browser:
A Web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web.

(ii) Each individual Web page, image, and video is identified by a distinct URL, enabling browsers to retrieve and display them on the user’s device.

Question 2.
Name the three types of syntax available in PHP?
Ans
Three types of PHP Syntax are available. They are as follows:

1. Default Syntax
2. Short open Tags
3. HTML Script embed Tags.

III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write note on HTTP?
Answer:
HTTP:

1. HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol.
2. HTTP is the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web.
3. This protocol defines how messages are formatted and transmitted.
4. The actions taken by web servers and browsers in response to various commands.

Question 2.
Draw a diagram for client server Architecture model?
Answer:

Question 3.
Explain short open tags?
Answer:
Short open Tags:
The Short open Tags begins with “<?” and closes with But admin user has to enable Short style tags settings in php.ini file on the server.

Question 4.
Write note on var-dump function?
Answer:
Var_dump:

1. The var_dump( ) function is used to dump information about a variable.
2. This function displays structured information such as type and value of the given variable.
3. Arrays and objects are explored recursively with values indented to show structure.

Question 5.
Explain resources with examples?
Answer:
Resources
Resource is a specific variable, it has a reference to an external resource. These variables hold specific handlers to handle files and database connections in respective PHP program.
<?php
// Open a file for reading
Shandle = fopen(“note.txt”, “r”);
var_dump($handle);
echo “<br>”;
// Connect to MySQL database server with
default setting
Slink = mysql_connect(“localhost”, “root”, “”);
var_dump(Slink);
?>

Question 6.
Write note on different types of Increment and decrement operators with example?
Increment and Decrement Operators:
Answer:
Increment and decrement operators are used to perform the task of increasing or decreasing variable’s value. This operator is mostly used during iterations in the program logics.

IV. Explain in detail.

Question 1.
Explain different client server Architecture model?
Answer:
Client Server Architecture:
Model Client server architecture is classified into three types, as follows

1. Single Tier Architecture
2. Two Tier Architecture
3. N/Multi/Three tire architecture

1. Single Tier Architecture:
This architecture is used for the server, accessed by client. The client application runs inside the server machine itself. This acts as a single layer interaction as shown in Figure.

2. Two Tier Architecture:
This architecture is used for the server, accessed by client as two layer interactions. Such as Client layer in tire one and server layer in tire Two.

3. Multi/Three Tier Architecture:
This architecture is used for the server, accessed by client through more than one layer interaction. The programmer could decide the count of business logic layers according to the software requirement that is the reason this model is also known as Multi Three Tire Architecture.

Most of the server side scripting languages are working on any one the client server architecture model. Webserver is software which is running in server hardware. It takes the responsibilities for compilation and execution of server side scripting languages.

Question 2.
Explain different types of PHP syntax?
Answer:
Three types of PHP Syntax are available. They are as follows

1. Default Syntax
2. Short open Tags
3. HTML Script embed Tags

1. Default Syntax:
The default Syntax begins with “<?php” and closes with “?>”.

2. Short open Tags:
The Short open Tags begins with “<?” and closes with “?>”. But admin user has to enable Short style tags settings in php.ini file on the server.

3. HTML Script embed Tags:
HTML Script embed Tags looks just like HTML scripts tags. The syntax is shown in Figure.

The above syntax is created and saved in a file with extension of .php. This .php file is ready to execute from Webserver and generate response to client machine.

Question 3.
Explain important features of PHP?
Answer:

1. PHP is an Open Source
2. PHP is a Case Sensitive
3. PHP is a Simplicity Program language
4. PHP is a Efficiency Program language
5. PHP is a Platform Independent Program language
6. PHP is a Security Program language
7. PHP is a Flexibility Program language
8. PHP is a Real-Time Access Monitoring Program language

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 7 Looping Structure

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Looping Structure Text Book Back Questions and Answers

PART – I
I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
Most complicated looping structure is ……………………………
(a) While
(b) Do While
(c) For
(d) None of them
Answer:
(c) For

Question 2.
Loops that iterate for fixed number of times is called ………………………….
(a) Unbounded loops
(b) Bounded loops
(c) While loops
(d) For loops
Answer:
(b) Bounded loops

Question 3.
Which loop evaluates condition expression as Boolean, if it is true, it executes statements and when it is false it will terminate?
(a) For loop
(b) For each loop
(c) While loop
(d) All of them
Answer:
(d) All of them

Question 4.
Which loop evaluates condition expression as Boolean, if it is true, it executes statements and when it is false it will terminate?
(a) For loop
(b) For each loop
(c) While loop
(d) All of them
Answer:
(d) All of them

Question 5.
What will be displayed in a browser when the following PHP code is executed:
<?php
for (Scounter = 20; $counter< 10;
$counter++)
{
echo “Welcome to Tamilnadu “;
}
echo “Counter is: Scounter”;
?>
(a) Welcome to Tamilnadu
(b) Counter is: 20
(c) Welcome to Tamilnadu Counter is: 22
(d) Welcome to Tamilnadu Welcome to Tamilnadu Counter is: 22
Answer:
(b) Counter is: 20

Question 6.
What will be displayed in a browser when the following PHP code is executed:
<?php
for (Scounter = 10; Scounter = 10;
$counter = $counter + 5){
echo “Hello”;
}
?>
(a) Hello Hello Hello Hello Hello
(b) Hello Hello Hello
(c) Hello
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(d) None of the above

Question 7.
PHP supports four types of looping techniques?
(a) for loop
(b) while loop
(c) for each loop
(d) all the above
Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 8.
Consider the following code
<? php
$count=12;
do{
printf(“%d squared=%d<br/>”,
Scount, pow($count,2));
} while($count<4);
?>
What will be the output of the code.
(a) 12 squared 141
(b) 12 squared=141
(c) “12 squared=141”
(d) Execution error
Answer:
(d) Execution error

Question 9.
What will be the output of the following PHP code?
<?php
for ($x = 1; $x < 10;++$x)
{
print “*\t”;}
?>
(a) **********
(b) *********
(c) ***********
(d) Infinite loop
Answer:
(b) *********

Question 10.
What will be the output of the following PHP code?
<?php
for ($x =-1; $x < 10;–$x)
{
print $x;
}
?>
(a) 123456713910412
(b) 123456713910
(c) 1234567139104
(d) Infinite loop
Answer:
(d) Infinite loop

PART – II
II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Define Looping Structure in PHP?
Looping Structure:
Answer:

1. Looping Structures are useful for writing iteration logics.
2. It is the most important feature of many programming languages, including PHP.
3. They are implemented using the following categories,
   1. for Loop
   2. While Loop
   3. foreach Loop
   4. Do While Loop

Question 2.
Define for loop in PHP?
Answer:
For Loop:
For loop is an important functional looping system which is used for iteration logics when the programmer know in advance how many times the loop should run.
Syntax:
for (init counter; test counter; increment counter)
{
code to be executed;
}

Question 3.
What is For each loop in PHP?
Answer:
For each Loop:

1. for each loop is exclusively available in PHP.
2. It works only with arrays. The loop iteration deepens on each KEY Value pair in the Array.
3. For each, loop iteration the value of the current array element is assigned to $value variable and the array pointer is shifted by one, until it reaches the end of the array element.

Question 4.
List out Looping Structure in PHP?
Answer:

1. for Loop
2. While Loop
3. For each Loop
4. Do While Loop

Question 5.
Write Syntax of For loop in PHP?
Answer:
for (init counter; test counter; increment counter)
{
code to be executed;
}

Question 6.
Write Syntax of For each loop in PHP?
Answer:
for each ($array as $value)
{
code to be executed;
}

Question 7.
Write Syntax of while loop in PHP?
Answer:
while (condition is true)
{
code to be executed;
}

Question 8.
Write Syntax of Do while loop in PHP?
Answer:
do
{
code to be executed;
}
while (condition is true);

Question 9.
Compare For loop and for each loop?
Answer:
For loop:
The for loop is used when you know in advance how many times the script should run.

for each loop:
The for each loop works only on arrays, and is used to loop through each key/value pair in an array.

Question 10.
Usage of for each loop in PHP?
Answer:

1. The for each loop works only on arrays,
2. It is used to loop through each key/value pair in an array.

PART – III
III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write the features Looping Structure?
Looping Structure:
Answer:

1. Looping Structures are useful for writing iteration logics.
2. It is the most important feature of many programming languages, including PHP.
3. They are implemented using the following categories:
   1. For Loop
   2. For each Loop
   3. while Loop
   4. Do while Loop

1. For Loop:
For loop is an important functional looping system which is used for iteration logics when the programmer know in advance how many times the loop should run.
Syntax:
for (init counter; test counter; increment counter) {
code to be executed;
}

2. For each Loop:
foreach loop is exclusively available in PHP. It works only with arrays. The loop iteration deepens on each KEY Value pair in the Array. For each, loop iteration the value of the current array element is assigned to $value variable and the array pointer is shifted by one, until it reaches the end of the array element.
Syntax:
for each ($array as $value)
{
code to be executed;
}

3. While Loop:
While loop is an important feature which is used for simple iteration logics. It is checking the condition whether true or false. It executes the loop if specified condition is true.
Syntax:
while (condition is true)
{
code to be executed;
}

4. Do While Loop:
Do whileloop always run the statement inside of the loop block at the first time execution. Then it is checking the condition whether true or false. It executes the loop, if the specified condition is true.
Syntax: do
{
code to be executed;
}
while (condition is true);

Question 2.
Discuss in detail about For each loop?
Answer:
For each Loop:
foreach loop is exclusively available in PHP. It works only with arrays. The loop iteration deepens on each KEY Value pair in the Array. For each, loop iteration the value of the current array element is assigned to $value variable and the array pointer is shifted by one, until it reaches the end of the array element.
Syntax:
for each ($array as Svalue)
{
code to be executed;
}
The foreach construct provides an easy way to iterate over arrays, foreach works only on arrays and objects, and will issue an error when you try to use it on a variable with a different data type or an uninitialized variable.

Example:
<?php
$Student_name = array(“Magilan”, “Iniyan”,
“Nilani”, “Sibi”, “Shini”);
foreach (SStudent_name as $value)
{
echo “Svalue <br>”;
}
?>

Question 3.
Explain the process Do while loop?
Do While Loop:
Answer:
Do while loop always run the statement inside of the loop block at the first time execution. Then it is checking the condition whether true or false. It executes the loop, if the specified condition is true.

Syntax:
do
{
code to be executed;
}
while (condition is true);
Example:
<?php
$Student_count = 10;
$student_number=1;
do
{
echo “The student number is: $student_number<br>”;
$ student_number++;
}
while($student_number<= $Student_count)
?>

Question 4.
Explain concepts of for loop with example?
Answer:
For Loop:
For loop is an important functional looping system which is used for iteration logics when the programmer know in advance how many times the loop should run.

Syntax:
for Unit counter; test counter; increment counter)
{
code to be executed;
}

Parameters:

1. init counter: Initialize the loop initial counter value
2. Test counter: Evaluated for every iteration of the loop. If it evaluates to TRUE, the loop continues. If it evaluates to FALSE, the loop ends.
3. Increment counter: Increases the loop counter value.

Example:
<?php
for ($i = 0; $i<= 10; $i++)
{
echo “The number is: $i<br>”;
}
?>

Question 5.
Explain array concepts in Looping Structure?
Answer:
Foreach Loop:
for each loop is exclusively available in PHP. It works only with arrays. The loop iteration deepens on each KEY Value pair in the Array. For each, loop iteration the value of the current array element is assigned to $value variable and the array pointer is shifted by one, until it reaches the end of the array element.

Syntax:
for each ($array as Svalue)
{
code to be executed;
}
The for each construct provides an easy way to iterate over arrays, foreach works only on arrays Foreach loop Structure and Flow and objects, and will issue an error when you try to use it on a variable with a different data type or an uninitialized variable.
Example:
<?php
$Student_name = array(“Magilan”, “Iniyan”,
“Nilani”, “Sibi”, “Shini”);
foreach (SStudentname as Svalue) {
echo “Svalue <br>”;
}
?>

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Looping Structure Additional Question and Answer

1. Choose The Best Answer

Question 1.
………………………….. structures are useful for writing iteration logics.
Answer:
Looping

Question 2.
Which loop is used if you know in advance how many times the loop should run?
(a) For
(b) For each
(c) While
(d) Do-while
Answer:
(a) For

Question 3.
Find the true statement from the following.
(a) Init counter initialises the loop
(b) Increment counter initialises the loop
Answer:
(a) Init counter initialises the loop

Question 4.
Which counter decides whether the loop should continue or ends?
(a) Init
(b) Test
(c) Increment
(d) Decrement
Answer:
(b) Test

Question 5.
How many segments are there in a for loop?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(c) 3

Question 6.
Pick the odd one out related to the parameters of the for loop?
(a) init
(b) test
(c) text
(d) Increment
Answer:
(c) text

Question 7.
How many types of loops are there?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(d) 4

Question 8.
Each segment of the for loop is terminated by
(a) ,
(b) ;
(c) :
(d) .
Answer:
(b) ;

Question 9.
Which loop is exclusively available in PHP?
(a) For
(b) While
(c) for each
(d) do while
Answer:
(c) for each

Question 10.
Which of the following loop works only with arrays?
(a) for
(b) while
(c) for each
(d) do while
Answer:
(c) for each

Question 11.
Find the Incorrect statement
(I) For loop works only with arrays
(II) For each loop works only with arrays
Answer:
(I) For loop works only with arrays

Question 12.
Which one of the following loop has key value pair?
(a) for
(b) for each
(c) while
(d) do.while
Answer:
(b) for each

Question 13.
Assertion (A): In for each loop, the array pointer is shifted by one.
Reason (R): Whether it reaches the end of the array element
(a) A is True, R is correct But R is not correct explanation for A
(b) Assertion is True, Reason is False
(c) Assertion is false, Reason is true
(d) Assertion and Reason are correct and R is the correct reason for A.
Answer:
(d) Assertion and Reason are correct and R is the correct reason for A.

Question 14.
Find the Wrong statement
(a) For each works on arrays and pointers
(b) For each works on arrays
(c) For each works on arrays and objects .
(d) For each works on objects
Answer:
(a) For each works on arrays and pointers

Question 15.
Find the correct statement from the following.
(a) For each can be used for variables with a different data type
(b) For each can be used with uninitialized variable
(c) For each can be used for objects
Answer:
(c) For each can be used for objects

Question 16.
Which loop is used for simple iteration objects?
(a) For
(b) For each
(c) While
(d) do..while
Answer:
(c) While

Question 17.
Which one of the following loop will be executed atleast once?
(a) For
(b) For each
(c) While
(d) do..while
Answer:
(d) do..while

II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Explain about the parameters in the for loop?
Answer:
Parameters:

1. init counter: Initialize the loop initial counter value
2. Test counter: Evaluated for every iteration of the loop. If it evaluates to TRUE, the loop continues. If it evaluates to FALSE, the loop ends.
3. Increment counter: Increases the loop counter value.

Question 2.
Give the flow chart for For Loop?
Answer:

Question 3.
Write a php program to print the students name in the array?
Example:
Answer:
<?php
$Student_name = array(“Magilan”, “Iniyan”,
“Nilani”, “Sibi”, “Shini”);
foreach ($Studentname as $value) { echo “Svalue <br>”;
?>

Question 4.
Give the structure and flow for while loop?
Answer:

Question 5.
Give the structure and flow chart for dowhile loop?
Answer:

Question 6.
Write a php program to print star (*) in a single line?
Answer:
<?php
for ($x = 1; $x < 10;++$x)
{
print “*\t”;}
?>

III. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Explain While loop?
Answer:
While Loop:
While loop is an important feature which is used for simple iteration logics. It is checking the condition whether true or false. It executes the loop if specified condition is true.

Syntax:
while (condition is true) {
code to be executed;
}
Example:
<?php
$Student_count = 10;
$student_number=1;
while($student_number<= $Student_count)
{
echo “The student number is: $student_number<br>”;
$student_number++;
}
?>

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Tamil Nadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium

General Instructions:

1. The question paper comprises of four parts
2. You are to attempt all the questions in each part. An internal choice of questions is provided wherever applicable.
3. All questions of Part I, II, III and IV are to be attempted separately.
4. Question numbers 1 to 12 in Part I are Multiple Choice Questions of one mark each.
   These are to be answered by writing the correct answer along with the corresponding option code.
5. Question numbers 13 to 22 in Part II are of two marks each. Any one question should be answered compulsorily.
6. Question numbers 23 to 32 in Part III are of four marks each. Any one question should be answered compulsorily.
7. Question numbers 33 to 35 in Part IV are of seven marks each. Draw diagrams wherever necessary.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 75

Part – I

(i) Answer all the questions. [12 × 1 = 12]
(ii) Choose the most suitable answer and write the code with the corresponding answer.

Question 1.
To project the rockets which of the following principle(s) is /(are) required?
(a) Newton’s third law of motion
(b) Newton’s law of gravitation
(c) Law of conservation of linear momentum
(d) Both (a) and (c)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (c)

Question 2.
Kilowatt hour is the unit of _______.
(a) resistivity
(b) conductivity
(c) electrical energy
(d) electrical power
Answer:
(c) electrical energy

Question 3.
_______ element emits its radiation spontaneously.
(a) Ni
(b) Pb
(c)Pt
(d) u
Answer:
(d) u

Question 4.
Which of the following is a triatomic molecule?
(a) Glucose
(b) Helium
(c) Carbon-di-oxide
(d) Hydrogen
Answer:
(c) Carbon-di-oxide

Question 5.
________ is an important metal to form amalgam.
(a) Ag
(b) Hg
(c) Mg
(d) Al
Answer:
(b) Hg

Question 6.
The component present in lesser amount, in a solution is called _______.
(a) solute
(b) solvent
(c) solution
(d) colloid
Answer:
(a) solute

Question 7.
A patient with blood group ‘O’ was injured in an accident and has blood loss. Which blood group the doctor should effectively use _______ for transfusion.
(a) O group
(b) AB group
(c) A or B group
(d) All blood group
Answer:
(a) O group

Question 8.
Excessive consumption of alcohol leads to _______.
(a) Loss of memory
(b) Cirrhosis of liver
(c) State of hallucination
(d) Suppression of brain function
Answer:
(b) Cirrhosis of liver

Question 9.
_______ is formed during anaerobic respiration.
(a) Carbohydrate
(b) Ethyl alcohol
(c) Acetyl CoA
(d) Pyruvate
Answer:
(b) Ethyl alcohol

Question 10.
Casparian strips are present in the _____ of the root.
(a) Cortex
(b) Pith
(c) Pericycle
(d) Endodermis
Answer:
(d) Endodermis

Question 11.
The soft finely stratified sedimentary rock refer to _______.
(a) Shale
(b) Petroleum
(c) Methane
(d) Coal
Answer:
(a) Shale

Question 12.
All files are stored in the _______.
(a) Folder
(b) Box
(c) Paint
(d) Scanner
Answer:
(a) Folder

Part – II

Answer any seven questions. (Q.No: 22 is compulsory) [7 × 2 = 14]

Question 13.
State Newton’s second law.
Answer:
“The force acting on a body is directly proportional to the rate of change of linear momentum of the body and the change in momentum takes place in the direction of the force”.

Question 14.
What are the caused of “Myopia”?
Answer:
Myopia, also known as short sightedness, occurs due to the lengthening of eye ball. With this defect, nearby objects can be seen clearly but distance objects cannot be seen clearly.

Question 15.
What is the minimum distance needed for an echo?
Answer:

• The minimum distance required to hear an echo is 1/20^th part of the magnitude of the velocity of sound in air.
• If you consider the velocity of sound as 344 ms^-1, the minimum distance required to hear an echo is 17.2 m.

Question 16.
Why does the reaction rate of a reaction increase on raising the temperature?
Answer:
On increasing temperature heat is supplied to the reactant. This energy breaks more bonds and thus speed up the chemical reaction. Foods kept at room temperature spoils faster than that kept in the refrigerator.

Question 17.
Differentiate soaps and detergents.
Answer:

Question 18.
Write the dental formula of rabbit.
Answer:
Dental formula is (I \(\frac{2}{1}\), C\(\frac{0}{0}\), PM \(\frac{2}{1}\), M \(\frac{2}{1}\)) in Rabbit, which is written as \(\frac{2033}{1023}\)
I – Incisors, C – Canine, PM – Premolar and M-molar.

Question 19.
What is bolting? How can it be induced artificially?
Answer:
Sudden shoot elongation followed by flowering is known as bolting. Artifically bolting can be induced on rosette plants by the treatment of Gibberellins.

Question 20.
Identify the parts A,B,C & D?

Answer:
A – Exine
B – Intine
C – Generative cell
D – Vegetative nucleus

Question 21.
How can you determine the age of the fossils?
Answer:
The age of fossils is determined by radioactive elements present in it. They may be carbon, uranium, lead or potassium. By radio active carbon (C¹⁴) dating method, carbon consumption of animals and plants stops after death and since then, only the decaying process of C¹⁴ occurs continuously. The time passed since death of a plant or animal can be calculated by measuring the amount of C¹⁴ present in their body.

Question 22.
A charge of 10 coulomb flows through a bulb in 5 second. What is the current through the bulb?
Answer:
Given : Q = 10 C
t = 5 s
I = \(\frac{Q}{t}=\frac{10}{5}\)
I = 2 A

Part – III

Answer any seven questions (Q.No: 32 is compulsory) [7 × 4 = 28]

Question 23.
State and prove the law of conservation of linear momentum.
Answer:
(i) There is no change in the linear momentum of a system of bodies as long as no net external force acts on them.
(ii) Let us prove the law of conservation of linear momentum with the following illustration:

(iii) Let two bodies A and B having masses m₁ and m₂ move with initial velocity u₁ and u₂ in a straight line.
(iv) Let the velocity of the first body be higher than that of the second body. i.e., u₁ > u₂.
(v) During an interval of time t second, they tend to have a collision. After the impact, both of them move along the same straight line with a velocity v₁ and v₂ respectively.
Force on body B due to A, F_B = \(\frac{m_{2}\left[v_{2}-u_{2}\right]}{t}\)
Force on body A due to B, F_A = \(\frac{m_{1}\left[v_{1}-u_{1}\right]}{t}\)

By Newton’s III law of motion,
Action force = Reaction force
F_A = -F_B
\(\frac{m_{1}\left[v_{1}-u_{1}\right]}{t}=-\frac{m_{2}\left[v_{2}-u_{2}\right]}{t}\)
m₁v₁ – m₁u₁ = -m₂v₂ + m₂u₂
m₁v₁ + m₂v₂ = m₁u₁ + m₂u₂

The above equation confirms in the absence of an external force, the algebraic sum of the momentum after collision is numerically equal to the algebraic sum of the momentum before collision. Hence file law of conservation linear momentum is proved.

Question 24.
(i) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formed by a convex lens when the object is placed between F and 2F.
Answer:
Ray diagram for object placed between F and 2F

(ii) Define one calorie.
Answer:
One calorie is defined as the amount of heat energy required to rise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1°C.

Question 25.
(i) How many electrons are passing per second in a circuit in which there is a current of 5A?
Answer:
Current I = 5 A
time (t) = 1 second
Charge of electron e = 1.6 × 10^-19 C

(ii) Mention two cases in which there is no Doppler effect in sound?
Answer:

1. When source (S) and listener (L) both are at rest.
2. When S and L move in such a way that distance between them remains constant.
3. When source S and L are moving in mutually perpendicular directions.
4. If the source is situated at the center of the circle along which the listener is moving.

Question 26.
Derive the relationship between Relative molecular mass and Vapour density.
Answer:
(а) The Relative Molecular Mass of a gas or vapour is the ratio between the mass of one molecule of the gas or vapour to mass of one atom of Hydrogen.

(b) Vapour density is the ratio of the mass of a certain volume of a gas or vapour, to the mass of an equal volume of hydrogen, measured under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.

(c) According to Avogadro’s law, equal volumes of all gases contain equal number of molecules.
Thus, let the number of molecules in one volume = n, then

(f) By comparing the definition of relative molecular mass Mid vapour density we can write as follows.

(g) By substituting the relative molecular mass value in vapour density definition, we get Vapour density (V.D.) = Relative molecular mass / 2
2 × vapour density = Relative molecular mass of a gas

Question 27.
How is metal corrosion prevented?
Answer:
Methods of preventing corrosion:
1. Alloying: The metals can be alloyed to prevent the process of corrosion.
E.g: Stainless Steel

2. Surface Coating: It involves application of a protective coating over the metal. It is of the
following types:
(a) Galvanization: It is the process of coating zinc on iron sheets by using electric current.
(b) Electroplating: It is a method of coating one metal over another metal by passing electric current.
(c) Anodizing: It is an electrochemical process that converts the metal surface into a decorative, durable and corrosion resistant. Aluminium is widely used for anodizing process.
(d) Cathodic Protection: It is the method of controlling corrosion of a metal surface protected is coated with the metal which is easily corrodible. The easily corrodible metal is called Sacrificial metal to act as anode ensuring cathodic protection.

Question 28.
With a neat labelled diagram explain the structure of a neuron.
Answer:

A typical neuron consists of 3 parts: Cyton, Dendrites and Axon.
(1) Cyton:

• It has a central nucleus with the abundant cytoplasm called neuroplasm.
• The cytoplasm has large granular body called Nissel’s granules
• Other cell organelles like mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum are present.
• Several neurofibrils in the cytoplasm help in transmission of nerve impulses to and form the cell body.

(2) Dendrites:

• These are the numerous branched cytoplasmic processes, that project from the surface of the cell body.
• They conduct nerve impulses, towards the cyton.
• The branched projections increase the surface area for receiving the signals from other nerve cells.

(3) Axon:

• It is a single, elongated, slender projection.
• The end of axon terminates as fine branches, which terminate into knob like swellings called synaptic knob.
• The plasma membrane of axon is called axolemma,
• The cytoplasm of axon is called axoplasm.
• Axon carries impulses away from the cyton.
• The protective sheath around the axon is myelin sheath
• The myelin sheath breaks at intervals by depression called Nodes of Ranvier. It acts as insulator and ensures rapid transmission of nerve impulses.
• The junction between two neuron is called synapsis.

Question 29.
(i) Read the following content and answer the questions below:
Pure-bred tall pea plants are first crossed with pure-bred dwarf pea plants. The pea plants obtained in F₁ generation are then cross-bred to produce F₂ generation of pea plants.
(a) What do the plants of F₁ generation look like?
(b) What is the ratio of tall plants to dwarf plants in F₂ generation?
(c) Which type of plants were missing in F₁ generation but reappeared in F₂ generation?
Answer:
(a) In F₁ generation, all plants are tall (Tt)
(b) In F₂ generation the ratio of tall plants to dwarf plant is 3:1. i.e., 3 tall and 1 dwarf
Three types of plants were obtained
Tall homozygous : TT – 1
Tall heterozygous : Tt – 2
Dwarf homozygous : tt -1

(c) Dwarf plants were missing on F₁ but reappeared in F₂ generation.

(ii) Why is the sino-atrial node Called the pacemaker of heart?
Answer:
Sino-atrial node acts as the ‘pacemaker’ of the heart because it is capable of initiating impulse which can stimulate the heart muscles to contract.

Question 30.
Differentiate the following:
(a) Monocot root and Dicot root
(b) Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration (a) Monocot root and Dicot root
Answer:

(b) Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration
Answer:

Question 31.
(i) What precautions can be taken for preventing heart disease?
(ii) Name two maize hybrids rich in amino acid lysine.
Answer:
(i) Prevention for preventing heart disease

• Reduction in the intake of calories, low saturated fat, cholesterol rich food, low carbohydrates and common salt.
• Increase in the intake of fibre diet, fruits and vegetables, protein, minerals and vitamins.
• Regular exercise, walking and yoga are essential for body weight maintenance.
• Avoid alcohol consumption, Psychotrophic drugs and smoking.

(ii) Protina, shakt and Rathna are lysine rich maize hybrids, which are developed in India.

Question 32.
(i) Write the features of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
Answer:
Nuclear Fission

• The process of breaking up of a heavy nucleus into two smaller nuclei is called ‘nuclear fission’.
• Can be performed at room temperature.
• Alpha, beta and gamma radiations are emitted.
• Fission leads to emission of gamma radiation. This triggers the mutation in the human gene and causes genetic transform diseases.

Nuclear Fusion:

• Nuclear fusion is the combination of two lighter nuclei to form a heavier nucleus.
• Extremely high temperature and pressure is needed.
• Alpha rays, positrons, and neutrinos are emitted.
• Only light and heat energy is emitted.

(ii) Calculate the pH of 0.01 M HNO₃?
Answer:
pH = -log[H⁺]
= -log₁₀ ^-2
= (-2) (- log₁₀¹⁰)
= 2 × 1.00
pH = 2

Part – IV

(1) Answer all the questions. [3 × 7 = 21]
(2) Each question carries seven marks.
(3) Draw diagram wherever necessary.

Question 33.
(i) State Boyle’s law.
Answer:
When the temperature of a gas is kept constant, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.
P ∝ 1/V

(ii) Explain the experiment of measuring the real and apparent expansion of a liquid with a neat diagram.
Answer:
(1) To start with, the liquid whose real and apparent expansion is to be determined is poured in a container up to a level. Mark this level as L₁.
(2) Now, heat the container and the liquid using a burner as shown in the figure Initially, the container receives the thermal energy and it expands.
(3) As a result, the volume of the liquid appears to have reduced. Mark this reduced level of liquid as L₂.

On further heating, the thermal energy supplied to the liquid through the container results in the expansion of the liquid. Hence, the level of liquid rises to L₃. Now, the difference between the levels L₁ and L₃ is called as apparent expansion, and the difference between the levels L₂ and L₃ is called real expansion. The real expansion is always more than that of apparent expansion.
Real expansion = L₃ – L₂
Apparent expansion = L₃ – L₁

[OR]

(b) (i) A source of sound is moving with a velocity of 50 ms^-1 towards a stationary listener. The listener measures the frequency of the source as 1000 Hz. what will be the apparent frequency of the source when it is moving away from the listener after crossing him? (velocity of sound in the medium is 330 ms^-1)
Answer:
When the source is moving towards the stationary listener, the expression for apparent frequency is

The actual frequency of the sound is 848.48 Hz. When the source is moving away from the stationary listener, the expression for apparent frequency is

(ii) Calculate the velocity of a moving body of mass 5 kg whose linear momentum is 2 kg ms^-1.
Answer:
Linear momentum = mass × velocity
Velocity = Linear momentum / mass
v = 2.5 / 5 = 0.5 ms^-1

Question 34.
(a) (i) Calculate the mass of 1.51 x 10^-23 molecule of H₂O.
Answer:

(ii) Calculate the moles of 46 g sodium.
Answer:
46 g of sodium
Atomic mass of sodium = 23
Mass of sodium = 46
No. of moles = \(\frac{\text { mass }}{\text { atomic mass }}=\frac{46}{23}\)
= 2 mole of sodium

(iii) Calculate the number of molecules present in the 36 g water.
Answer:
H₂O → = (1 × 2) + (1 × 16)
= 2 + 16
H₂O = 18 g

= 12.046 × 10²³ atoms
36 g water contains → 12.046 x 10²³ atoms

[OR]

(b) (i) Write notes on various factors affecting solubility.
Answer:
Factors affecting solubility: There are three main factors which govern die solubility of solute. They are:

1. Nature of the solute arid solvent
2. Temperature
3. Pressure

(1) Nature of the solute and solvent: The nature of the solute and solvent plays an important role in solubility. Although water dissolves an enormous variety of substances, both ionic and covalent, it does not dissolve everything.

The phrase that scientists often use when predicting solubility is “like dissolves like.” This expression means that dissolving occurs when similarities exist between the solvent and the solute. For example: Common salt is a polar compound and dissolves readily in polar solvent like water.

Non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents. For example, Fat dissolved in ether. But non-polar compounds, do not dissolve in polar solvents; polar compounds do not dissolve in non-polar solvents.

(2) Effect of Temperature:
Solubility of Solids in Liquid: Generally, solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent increases with increase in temperature. For example, a greater amount of sugar will dissolve in warm water than in cold water.
In endothermic process, solubility increases with increase in temperature.
In exothermic process, solubility decreases with increase in temperature.

Solubility of Gases in liquid : Solubility of gases in liquid decrease with increase in temperature. Generally, water contains dissolved oxygen. When water is boiled, the solubility of oxygen in water decreases, so oxygen escapes in the form of bubbles.

Aquatic animals live more in cold regions because, more amount of dissolved oxygen is present in the water of cold regions. This shows that the solubility of oxygen in water is more at low temperatures.

(3) Effect of Pressure: Effect of pressure is observed only in the case of solubility of a gas in a liquid. When the pressure is increased, the solubility of a gas in liquid increases.

The common examples for solubility of gases in liquids are carbonated beverages, i.e. soft drinks, household cleaners containing aqueous solution of ammonia, formalinaqueous solution of fonnaldehyde, etc.

Question 35.
(a) (i) Why are thyroid hormones referred as personality hormone?
(ii) Define triple fusion?
(iii) Enumerate the importance of forests?
Answer:
(i) Thyroid hormones is essential for normal physical, mental and personality development. Hence it is called as personality honnone.
(ii) The fusion involving two polar nucleus and a sperm nucleus, that occurs in double fertilization in a seed plant and results in the formation of endosperm, is called the triple fusion.
(iii) Importance of forests.

• Forests are the important component of our environment and are dominated by microorganisms, flowering plants, shrubs, climbers and dense trees.
• Forests provide a vast habitat for wild animals.
• Forests help for the economic development of our country.
• Forests are the source for a wide range of renewable natural resource.
• Forests provide wood, food, fodder, fibre and medicine.
• They act as carbon sink, regulate climatic conditions, increase rainfall and reduce global warming.
• Forests protect wild life and also acts as catchment for water conservation.
• They prevent natural hazards like floods and landslides
• They play a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance.

[OR]

(b) (i) List out any three parasitic adaptations in leech.
(ii) Natural selection is a driving force for evolution-How?
Answer:
(i) Parasitic adaptation of leech:

• Anterior and Posterior ends of the body are provided with suckers by which the animal attaches itself to the body of the host.
• The three Jaws, inside the mouth, causes a painless Y – shaped wound in the skin of the host.
• The salivary glands produce Hirudin, which does not allow the blood to coagulate. So, the continuous supply of blood is maintained.

(ii) Darwin published his observations under the name “origin of species”. It elaborates on the theory of natural selection for evolutionary transformation. The principles of Darwinism tells that natural selection is a driving force for evolution.

1. Overproduction: Living beings have the ability to reproduce and have the capacity to multiply in a geometrical manner.

2. Struggle for existence: Due to overproduction a geometric ratio of increase in population occurs. The space to live and food available for the organisms remain the same. This creates a competition among the organisms, for food and space, leading to struggle.

• The competition may be among the individuals of the same species (Intraspecific struggle).
• Competition between the organisms of different species living together (Interspecific struggle).
• Natural conditions like extreme heat or cold drought and floods can affect the existence of organisms (Environmental struggle).

3. Variations:
Small variations are important for evolution. According to Darwin, favourable variations are useful to the organisms and unfavourable variations are harmful or useless to the organisms.

4. Survival of the fittest or Natural selection:
During the struggle for existence, the organisms which can overcome the challenging situation,survive and adapt to the surrounding environment. Organisms, which are unable to face the challenges, are unfit to survive and disappear. The process of selection of organisms with favourable variation is called as Natural selection.

5. Origin of species:
According to Darwin, new species originates by the gradual accumulation of favourable variations for a number of generations.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Model Question Paper 5 Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Model Question Papers helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamil Nadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Model Question Paper 5

General Instructions:

1. The question paper comprises of four parts.
2. You are to attempt all the sections in each part. An internal choice of questions is provided wherever applicable.
3. All questions of Part I, II, III and IV are to be attempted separately.
4. Question numbers I to 14 in Part I are Multiple Choice Questions of one mark each. These are to be answered by writing the correct answer along with the corresponding – option code.
5. Part II has got four sections. The questions are of two marks each. Question numbers 15 to 18 in Section I and Question numbers 19 to 22 in Section II are to be answered in about one or two sentences each. Question numbers 23 to 28 in Section III and IV are to be answered as directed.
6. Question numbers 29 to 45 in Part III are of five marks each and have been divided in five sections. These are to be answered as directed.
7.  Question numbers 46 and 47 in Part IV are of eight marks each. Question number 47 has four questions of two marks each. These are to be answered as directed.

Time: 2.30 Hours
Maximum Marks: 100

Part – I

Answer all the questions. [14 x 1= 14]
Choose the most suitable answer and write the code with the corresponding answer.
Choose the appropriate synonyms for the italicised words.

Question 1.
The mother seagull swooped upwards.
(a) leap
(b) rush
(c) move very quickly
(d) ascend
Answer:
(a) leap

Question 2.
The attic has always been favourite with children.
(a) loft
(b) terrace
(c) apartment
(d) Strong Room
Answer:
(a) loft

Question 3.
It is a 55-foot sailing vessel built indigenously in India.
(a) fully
(b) collectively
(c) innately
(d) specially
Answer:
(c) innately

Choose the appropriate antonym for the italicised words.

Question 4.
She screamed back mockingly.
(a) disrespectfully
(b) ridiculously
(c) jeeringly
(d) respectfully
Answer:
(d) respectfully

Question 5.
We don’t have to use any means of repulsion.
(a) attraction
(b) distaste
(c) hate
(d) horror
Answer:
(a) attraction

Question 6.
I indulged in banking.
(a) took part
(b) participated
(c) abstained
(d) yielded
Answer:
(c) abstained

Question 7.
Choose the correct plural form of alga from the following:
(a) algum
(b) algi
(c) algae
(d) algas
Answer:
(c) algae

Question 8.
Form a derivative by adding the right suffix to the word – document.
(a) -ory
(b) -ise
(c) -ation
(d) -ly
Answer:
(c) -ation

Question 9.
Choose the correct expansion of the abbreviation SIM.
(a) Subscriber Information Module
(b) Subscriber Identification Module
(c) Student Identification Module
(d) School Identification Module
Answer:
(b) Subscriber Identification Module

Question 10.
Complete the following sentence with the most appropriate phrasal verb given below:
The crew …………………….. of water and food before they could complete their expedition.
(a) ran on
(b) ran about
(c) ran in
(d) ran out
Answer:
(d) ran out

Question 11.
Choose the suitable option to pair it with the word ‘ watch ’ to form a compound word.
(a) hall
(b) house
(c) man
(d) clock
Answer:
(c) man

Question 12.
Fill in the blank with the most appropriate preposition given below:
Mulan heard this ………….. her tent.
(a) by
(b) from
(c) at
(d) for
Answer:
(b) from

Question 13.
Complete the following sentence using the most appropriate tense form of the verb given below:
After he ………………. his lunch, he went across to the window.
(a) will finish
(b) finish
(c) was finishing
(d) had finished
Answer:
(d) had finished

Question 14.
Choose the most appropriate linker from the given four alternatives.he is ninety years old, he is in the pink of health.
(a) When
(b) Since
(c) Even though
(d) yet
Answer:
(c) Even though

PART – II [10 x 2 = 20]
Section -1

Answer any THREE of the following questions in a sentence or two, [3 x 2 = 6]

Question 15.
Mention the special features of INSV Tarini.
Answer:
Indian Naval Ship Vessel Tarini commissioned to the Indian Navy service on 18th February, 2017, is the second sailboat of the Indian Navy. It is a 55-foot sailing vessel built indigenously in India by M/s Aquarius Shipyard Pvt. Ltd, located in Goa. After undergoing extensive sea trials, she was commissioned to the Indian Navy service.

Question 16.
What prompted the seagull to fly finally?
Answer:
The seagull was quite hungry and yearned for food. When he saw a piece of fish in the beak of his mother, the sight was quite tempting for him. He was maddened at the sight of the food and suddenly dived at the fish forgetting that he didn’t know how to fly. Thus the young seagull was prompted to fly finally into space.

Question 17.
What was the daily routine of Mr. Sanyal?
Answer:
Sanyal would come every day to Nagen’s Tea Shop, sit at a comer table, have tea and biscuits, pay for the same and leave before it got dark. This was his regular duty after his wife and only son passed away a year ago.

Question 18.
What were the various things that tempted Franz to spend his day outdoors?
Answer
Franz found the warm and bright day to be a temptation to spend his day outdoors. The birds were chirping at the edge of woods. The Pmssian soldiers were drilling in the open field at the back of sawmill. He felt he could gladl> spend life outdoors. Above all, Franz was not prepared for the test on participles.

Section – II

Read the following sets of poetic lines and answer any THREE of the following.
[3 x 2 = 6]

Question 19.
“Let us learn to walk with a smile and a song,
No matter if things do sometimes go wrong;”
(a) What does the poet want everyone to learn?
(b) What should we do when things go wrong?
Answer:
(a) The poetess expects everyone to learn to walk with a smile and a song even when things go wrong.
(b) Even when things go wrong, we need to feel happy and be cheerful.

Question 20.
“She’s a lioness; don’t mess with her.
She ’ll not spare you if you ’re a prankster. ”
(a) How is a woman described here?
(b) Who is a prankster?
Answer:
(a) A woman is described as lionesses whom others should be afraid to play with.
(b) A prankster is a mischievous or malicious person who plays tricks on others.

Question 21.
“Not a flower could he see,
Not a leaf on a tree.”
(a) Who does ‘he’ refer to?
(b) Mention the season when he could not see a flower or a leaf on a tree.
Answer:
(a) ‘He’ refers to the Cricket.
(b) The season was winter. So he could not see a flower or a leaf on the tree.

Question 22.
“Beside the house sits a tree It never grows leaves.”
(а) What is found near the house?
(b) Why does it never grow leaves?
Answer:
(a) Near the house is found a tree with no leaves.
(b) It never grows leaves because it is eerie.

Section – III

Answer any THREE of the following. [3 x 2 = 6]

Question 23.
Rewrite the following sentence to the other voice.
Answer:
Please assemble in the ground.
You are requested to assemble in the ground.

Question 24.
Rewrite using indirect speech.
Answer:
“Where are we going, sir?” asked the aero-coachman.
The aero-coachman asked the passenger where they were going.

Question 25.
Punctuate the following sentence.
Answer:
Wherefore said miranda did they not that hour destroy us
“Wherefore,” said Miranda, “did they not that hour destroy us?”

Question 26.
Transform the following sentence into a simple sentence.
Answer:
As Catherin is a voracious reader, she buys a lot of books.
Being a voracious reader. Catherin buys a lot of books.

Question 27.
Rearrange the words in the correct order to make meaningful sentences:
(a) he saw / When / in the / platform/ the train / he rushed.
(b) as /I/ healthy / are you / am / as.
(a) He rushed, when he saw the train in the platform.
Or
(a) When he saw the train in the platform he rushed.
(b) I am as healthy as you are.

Section – IV

Answer the following question:

Question 28.
A stranger wants to visit the library. Write the steps to guide him to reach him destination.
Answer

• Go straight and take the first right on Anna Road.
• Proceed further and take the second left after the bank on Big street.
• You will find the Library on the left after you take the right turn.

Section -I
Part – III [10 x 5 = 50]

Answer any TWO of the following in utmost 10 lines. [2 x 5 = 10]

Question 29.
Describe the struggles undergone by the young seagull to overcome its fear of flying.
Answer:
The Young Seagull was afraid to fly and was alone on his ledge. He was more frightened than his siblings. His attempts failed. He had taken a little run forward and tried to flap his wings. But that was all he could do. He felt that his wings would not support him. He failed to muster up the courage and fly. His parents taunted, scolded and threatened him to leave him starving at the ledge unless he flew away. But nothing could make him fly.

The seagull helplessly watched his parents flying with his brothers and sisters. The whole family went on taunting him for his cowardice. Only his mother was looking at him. She had picked a piece of fish and was flying across to him with it. He leaned out eagerly. The mother was very near to him with the fish in her beak. Maddened by hunger, he dived at the fish. With a loud scream, he fell outwards and downwards into space. A terror seized him.

His heart stood still. His mother swooped past him. He answered her with another scream. He saw his two brothers and sister flying around him. The seagull completely forgot that he was not able to fly. He let himself free to dive, soar and curve at will. He was shrieking shrilly. He saw a green sea beneath him. He was tired and weak with hunger. His feet sank into the green sea and his belly touched it. He sank no farther. Now, his family was praising him and their beaks were offering him scraps of fish. He had made his first flight.

“Flying is learning how to throw yourself to the ground and miss.”

Question 30.
‘Technology is a boon to the disabled’. Justify.
Answer:
The differently abled, Alisha and David’s life has been transformed because of Technology. It is a boon to the disabled. Assistive technology is designed to help people with disabilities. Typing was impossible, but now Dragon Dictate helps the disabled to speak for words to be printed on screen. Technology can control a computer screen even with Eye Gaze.

Technology is vital to be free and independent. For verbal communication, Liberator Communication Device, with eye movements to communicate verbally is used. It has a Bluetooth adaptor and took a couple of weeks to learn using it. Communicating with people was very difficult before. An ACTIV controller also in the headrest of a mobility chair is used to control TV, Blu-Ray and music players.

Augmentative and Alternative Communication is also the product of technological advancements and a boon to the disabled. EC02 linked to an interactive whiteboard is used to teach PE lessons. Technology also helps control the Play Station, MP3, electric wheelchair and ECO point Eye Gaze to communicate, access the computer. Thus/Technology is a boon to the disabled’.
“Technology’ is not just a tool. It can give learners a voice
that they may not have had before.”

Question 31.
How did Watson help his friend to arrest the criminal?
Answer:
Dr. Watson is called by Mrs. Hudson to tend Holmes, who is apparently dying of a rare tropical disease, Tarpaunli fever, contracted while he was on a case at Rotherhithe. Holmes forbids Watson to go near him because the illness is highly infectious. Although Watson wishes to examine Holmes himself or send for a specialist, Holmes demands that Watson wait several hours before seeking help.

While Watson waits, he examines several objects in Holmes’s room. Holmes is angered when Watson touches things on his table stating his dislike for people fidgeting his things. At six o’clock, Holmes asks Watson to turn the gaslight on, but only half-full. He then instructs Watson to bring Mr. Culverton Smith from 13 Lower Burke Street to see Holmes but to make sure that Watson returns to Baker Street before Smith arrives. Watson goes to Smith’s address. Although Smith refuses to see anyone, Watson forces his way in. Once Watson explains his duty on behalf of Sherlock Holmes, Smith’s assertiveness changes significantly. Smith agrees to come to Baker Street within half an hour.

Watson excuses himself, saying that he has another appointment, and returns to Baker Street before Smith’s arrival. Believing that they are alone, Smith is frank with Holmes. It soon appears, to the hiding Watson’s horror, that Holmes has been sickened by the same illness that killed Smith’s nephew Victor. At the fend, Holmes calls for Watson to come out from behind the screen, to present himself as another witness to the conversation. Holmes explains his illness was feigned as a trick to induce Smith to confess to his nephew’s murder. Starving himself for three days and claiming to be suffering from a deadly infectious disease was to keep Watson from examining him and discovering the ruse, since, as he clarifies, he has every respect for his friend’s medical skills.
‘A detectives perspective traps the criminal.’

Question 32.
‘Man does change with time’-What were the various changes that came about in Aditya?
Answer:
Man does change with time. According to Sanyal, Aditya was a boy who could never compete him in scholastic or non-scholastic activities. He was a liar and an envious personality. But, years later Aditya no longer is the same personality. He is more matured and responsible. His childish nature makes him feel guilty for stealing the medal that belonged to Sanyal. Aditya now wanted to restore Sanyal, his lost happiness. Knowing about his financial constraints, he decides to give him the cost of the silver medal. He drives with a firm determination to his ancestral house. When he reaches, he rushes to the attic. Aditya gets on top of a packing case

and pushes his hand inside the ventilator, upsetting a sparrow’s nest. However, he heaves a sigh of relief when he gets what he had been looking for. He goes straight to the Jeweller to determine the current rate of the medal in the market. All these surely show a remarkable change in him. Even when Sanyal behaves rudely, Aditya is courteous and friendly. His only intention is penitence. He is so mature that he even understands and justifies the grievances Sanyal had in his heart. When Sanyal prefers the medal, without second thoughts he restores it to Sanyal whole-heartedly.
“Change is universal.”

Section – II

Answer any TWO of the following in utmost 10 lines. [2 x 5 = 10]

Question 33.
How is mystery depicted in the poem ‘The House on Elm Street’.
Answer:
Nadia Bush the poetess talks about a house that stood alone in an isolated place on Elm Street. No one knows what happens inside that house and it is very mysterious. Even by looking from outside, one can easily say that it has a vast space but at the same time it is bare to the bone meaning there is no one living inside the mysterious house or no basic necessities inside the house on Elm Street.

Generally at night, the house looks like it is alive with people in if Lights are switched on and off. It gives a feel that someone is inside the house. When Nadia sees such a situation, she is tempted to go inside the house to just take a look and see what is actually happening inside the house. However, Nadia the poetess is frightened and never dares to do so. Every day the poetess, drives past the house. The house seems to look a bit brighter.

The very thought of this mysterious house plays with your mind since it is just one house of this kind in the area around. Next to the house, is also a tree with no leaves the whole year round. It doesn’t grow tall nor does it shrink in size. The tree too is mysterious like the house since it has no leaves in any of the seasons to make wonder how a tree could survive without any leaves or without any growth. Every day, the house also begins to fade making it all the more mysterious.
“The best secrets are the most twisted.”

Question 34.
Compare and contrast the attitude of the ant and the cricket.
Answer:
The poem, ‘The Ant and the Cricket’ is about a careless cricket and a hardworking ant. We all know that ants are hardworking creatures but on the other hand, the Cricket is portrayed as a lazy being. He made no efforts to plan for the future. Thus, the cricket is shown as a young and silly creature because he sang all through summer and spring with no worries in the world for winter that was to come. But when winter arrived, he began to complain that he would die of starvation and hunger.

He found that his cupboard was empty with no piece of bread to eat. He neither found a leaf, nor a flower. Everything was covered with snow. Therefore, the cricket cried and moaned as he perceived his bad future. Finally, deprived of hunger and starvation, being all wet and cold, the cricket journeyed to the house of the stingy ant. Becoming bold by nature, he begged for food and shelter. But the Ant is wise, foresees its needs for winter and prudently turned down the foolish Cricket. The Ant clearly stated that Ants neither borrow nor lend.

So the Ant is shown as a straightforward and outspoken personality. Perhaps the cricket here is portrayed as a person who makes false promises and the Ant is portrayed to be a strong personality not carried away by the false promises of one. Therefore the Ant could never be exploited though it was humble enough to admit it to be a servant and friend of the Cricket. The Cricket was surely careless and reckless against the Ant who was judicious, discrete and level-headed.
“Accept responsibility for your life. Know that it is
you who will get you where you want to go, no one else”

Question 35.
Read the following stanza and answer the questions given below.
“The weather is always too hot or cold;
Summer and winter alike they scold.
Nothing goes right with the folks you meet Down on the gloomy Complaining street.’’
(i) Pick out the rhyming words from the above lines.
(ii) Write the rhyme scheme of the given stanza.
(iii) Identify the figure of speech employed in the fourth line of the given stanza.
(iv) Pick out the alliterating words.
Answer:
(i) The rhyming words are cold-scold and meet-street.
(ii) The rhyme scheme of the poem is aabb.
(iii) The figure of speech employed in the fourth line of the given stanza is Personification.
(iv) There aren’t any consonant sounds repeated in the words in a line. However the vowel ‘ sounds in and alike are repeated in the second line.

Question 36.
Paraphrase the following stanza.
We can pull and haul and push and lift and drive,
We can print and plough and weave and heat and light,
We can run and race and swim and fly and dive,
We can see and hear and count and read and write!
Answer:
In this stanza, the machines elucidate how they can serve human race by doing all the possible human activities mastered by them. They say they can do various tasks such as pulling, carrying, pushing, lifting, driving, printing, ploughing, weaving, heating, lighting, running, racing, swimming, flying, diving, seeing, hearing, counting, reading and writing.

Section – III

Answer any ONE of the following: [1 x 5 = 5]

Question 37.
Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order.
(i) Using his powers, Prospero released the good spirits from large bodies of trees.
(ii) Prospero and Miranda came to an island and lived in a cave.
(iii) He raised a violent storm in the sea to wreck the ship of his enemies.
(iv) The king of Naples and Antonio the false brother, repented the injustice they had done to Prospero.
(v) He ordered Ariel to torment the inmates of the ship.
Answer:
Rearranged number sequence: (ii), (i), (iii), (v), (iv)
(ii) Prospero and Miranda came to an island and lived in a cave.
(i) Using his powers, Prospero released the good spirits from large bodies of trees.
(iii) He raised a violent storm in the sea to wreck the ship of his enemies.
(v) He ordered Ariel to torment the inmates of the ship.
(iv) The king of Naples and Antonio the false brother, repented the injustice they had done to Prospero.

Question 38.
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
Answer
The country Shining was governed by a despotic leader who though a warrior, had a great and cowardly shrinking from anything suggestive of failing health and strength. This caused him to send out a cruel proclamation. The entire province was given strict orders to immediately put to death all aged people. Those were barbarous days, and the custom of abandoning old people to die was not uncommon.

The poor farmer loved his aged mother with tender reverence, and the order filled his heart with sorrow. But no one ever thought twice about obeying the mandate of the governor, so with many deep and hopeless sighs, the youth prepared for what at that time was considered the kindest mode of death.

(i) Who governed Shining?
(ii) What was the cowardly act of the governor?
(iii) What proclamation did the governor send out?
(iv) How did the poor farmer treat his mother?
(v) Did the people obey the governor’s order?
Answer:
(i) Shining was governed by a despotic leader.
(ii) The governor had a great and cowardly shrinking from anything suggestive of failing health and strength.
(iii) The governor sent out a cruel proclamation in the entire province giving strict orders to immediately put to death all aged people.
(iv) The poor farmer loved his aged mother with tender reverence.
(v) Yes, the people obeyed the governor’s order.

Section – IV

Answer any FOUR of the following. [4 x 5 = 20]

Question 39.
Prepare an attractive advertisement using the hints given below.
Home appliances – Aadi Sale – 20-50% – Special Combo Offers – Aadhi & Co., Raja Street, Chennai, Chennai.
Answer:

Question 40.
Write a letter to the manager of a famous daily, ordering subscription for your school library.
Answer:
From
The Librarian
Indira Gandhi Hr. Sec. School,
Rajajipuram Chennai – 600 087
12.11.2020
To
The Higgin Bothams,
Anna Salai,
Chennai-600 002 Respected Sir,
Sub: Annual subscription for daily.
I would like to place an order for the annual subscription of three English dailies and one Tamil daily to our School from the 1st of January 2020.

Please find enclosed the Annual subscription amount for all the four dailies which amount to Rs. 3780/- (Rupees Three Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty Only) after deducting the usual 10% discount that you give us.
Thank you very much for your continued support to our institution.
Yours sincerely,
Mrs. Anand – Librarian

Address on the envelope:
The Higgin Bothams,
Anna Salai,
Chennai-600 002

Question 41.
You are Adhira / Athiran, school pupil leader of GHSS, Trichy. Prepare a notice on behalf of your school inviting the grandparents of the students to celebrate World Elders’ Day in your school auditorium on the 20^th of next month.
Answer:

Question 42.
Look at the following picture and express your views an it in about five sentences
Answer:

Though we pray for rain, it’s such a sad state to see people stranded when an area gets flooded. There is about three feet water and people are moving out to safer places. Fathers carry their sons and daughters over the shoulders in order to keep them safe. If there is proper drainage system and proper maintenance by the Corporation, we can surely avoid such disasters. In certain states, natural disaster such as flooding is a frequently witnessed problem.

Question 43.
Make notes or write a summary of the following passage.
Answer:
There are many different kinds of books that are published each year. These are the new’ titles available for us to read. Besides these, there are books that have been published through the years. Together, there are millions of books available throughout the world in as many languages as are spoken by people. There are different genres in which books are published. There are fiction and non-fiction categories in books, and each of these categories has many different genres of books.

The academic books we study at school belong to the text book category. We smdy them to complete our syllabus and pass the examinations at the end of each academic session. There are other books that we read for our pleasure and enrichment. We read story books of different types. There are comedy, horror, detective and thriller stories in prose, plays and poetry forms. Books are our best friends.
Notes
Title: Books Galore
Dif. Kinds A Books
(i) New Titles;
(ii) Publd Every Yr;
(iii) Publd Thru’ The Yrs;
(iv) Publd Thru’out the World;
(v) Publd In Many Langs
Dif. Genres Of Books
(i) Fiction;
(ii) Non-Fiction Categs

Academic Books – Text Book Categy.
For Study – Pres. Syl.
Pass Exams – End A Academic Session.
Books For Pleasure &Enrichment
Books Of Different Types
Comedy, Horror, Detective & Thriller Stories
Various Forms
(i) Prose
(ii) Plays; &
(iii) Poetry Forms Conclusion: Books are our best friends.
Abbreviations used: Dif. – different; A -of; publd.- published; yr=year; thru’- through; langs.- languages; pres. – prscribed; syl-syllabus; & – and

Summary

Title: Books Galore
Rough Draft
There are different kinds of books published every year for us to read. Together, there are millions of books-avaiable throughout the world in many languages. There are different genres such as fiction and non friction categories. The academic books we study at school belong to the text book category. We study them to be tested at the end of each academic session. We read story books for pleasure and enrichment/Here-areaymiedy, horror, detective and thriller stories in prose, plays and poetry forms. Books are our best friends .

Fair Draft:
Title: Books Galore

Millions of books are published every year in different languages. There are different genres such as fiction and non-fiction. The academic books, belong to the text book category. We study them to be tested at the end of the academic year. We read various types of story books for pleasure. Books are our best friends.
No. of words written in the summary: 55

Question 44.
Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences.
(а) You may speak politely to the elders.
(b) This is the boy whom won the race
(c) He come late to school every day.
(d) Though he was hungry hut he did not eat.
(e) Is this a book that you wanted to buy.
Answer
(a) You must speak politely to the elders.
(b) This is the boy who won the race
(c) He comes late to school every day.
(d) Though he was hungry he did not eat.
(e) Is this the book that you wanted to buy.

Section – V

Quote from memory. [1 x 5 = 5]

Question  45.
Let me but live ……………. back in fear.
Answer:
Let me but live my life from year to year,
With forward face and unreluctant soul;
Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal; .
Not mourning for the things that disappear
In the dim past, nor holding back in fear

Part – IV

Write a paragraph of about 150 words by developing the following hints. [2 x 8 = 16]

Question  46.
(а) Many years ago – China – the emperor ordered – one man from -family – join army
– Mulan heard -told father – she join army – father objected – she is a girl – Mulan – fathers robes cuts her hair – convinced father – she has learnt – Kung Fu – no one will find – she is a girl. – Mulan left – village – fought bravely – war – given top position – very soon – fever swept – the army -Mulan – sick – doctor examines – finds the truth – spreads the news in the army – everyone objects – to follow a girl leader – Mulan stood tall – gave command – soldiers – followed her – attacked enemies – won the battle- emperor glad – offered Mulan positions – court – Mulan refused – went back – village – royal – gifts.
Answer:
The Story of Mulan portrays the legendary Chinese warrior Hua Mulan. This old Chinese folktale is about the story of the young Chinese maiden who leams that her wizened, old and frail father is to be called up into the army in order to fight the invading Huns by the Chinese Emperor. When the Huns invade China, one man from every family is called to arms. She hears of the order that every family must send one man to the army while washing clothes.

Mulan’s father, who is frail and aged decides to fight for his country though it is clear that he will not survive an enemy encounter. He decides to go to war but is prevented by her daughter with her outrageous decision. Knowing her father’s frail state, she decides to disguise herself and join in his place without second thoughts. In the army, Mulan proves to be a brave soldier who is later put in charge of other soldiers. Her battles goes so well that more soldiers are added. After a few years, Mulan becomes the General of the entire army. Suddenly, bad fever swept through the army. Many soldiers including Mulan become a prey. The arrival of the doctor brings to light the hidden truth.

Many soldiers disapprove such a thought, though some soldiers see the winning chances. Just then a soldier announces the surprise attack by the enemies. With no time to debate, the soldiers spring to action at the command of the General who hears this from inside her tent. She gets dressed and though not strong, she stands tall. She instructs the soldiers to attack knowing very well her strategic planning that all her soldiers acknowledge and win the battle. It was such a big victory that the enemy gave up, at last. The war was over, and China was saved! The Emperor forgives Mulan and was glad that Mulan had ended the long war. He wanted Mulan to stay with him in the palace and be an advisor but as she chose to go to her family, the emperor gave her six horses and six fine swords so that her people will know that he thinks of her.

[OR]

(b) Holland – land – below sea level – dikes protected the country – everyone did best to -protect – Holland – Years ago – boy Peter – lived Holland – His father – attended – dykes gates – opened- closed dikes – one day – Peter Mother – gave cakes to Peter – to be given – old blind friend of Peter – across the dike Peter happily left home – Peter visited – old man – returned near by the dike – heard water trickling – stopped to see – small hole – dike – called for help – in vain -he put his little finger – throughout the
night – slept near the dike – morning – found by passer by – alerted the people – Peter and Holland -saved.
Answer:
Peter is a little boy who lived in Holland. His father took care of the dikes called sluices so that ships could pass out of Holland’s canals into the sea. On a beautiful day in Autumn, Peter was asked to go and give cakes to his blind friend who lived on the other side of the dike by his mother. After about an hour he returned home, but the climate had changed. It was raining and the water in the channel was rising. All of a sudden he heard the sound of dribbling water and he wondered from where the sound came. He then saw a small hole in the dike.

He knew what that meant and due to the pressure of the water the hole would not stay the same. He feared danger. He climbed onto the dike and put his finger in the hole and hoped for someone to come to his help and cried out aloud. His mother mistook him to have stayed back with his blind friend and retired to bed. The boy was sure that he had to stay awake the entire night and keep his finger in the hole to arrest the water from flooding Holland.

The water in the canal was rising and if he would remove his finger from the hole in the sluice, the water would gush through and make the hole bigger and bigger. The town would obviously flood. When dawn broke, a man going to work heard the sound of Peter groaning and wondered what the little boy was up to. He was shocked at his reply but understood the danger and called for help. People came in with shovel and mended the hole. Peter was carried home and they all hailed him as the brave boy who saved Holland from drowning.

Question 47.
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:
Kung Fu – ‘kung’ meaning ‘energy’ and ‘fu’ meaning ‘time’ – is a Chinese martial art whose recorded history dates back to around 525 CE, during the Liang dynasty. The man credited with introducing martial arts to China is said to be an Indian monk known as Bodhidarma.

Many people have a misconception that Chinese Kung Fu is about fighting and killing. It is actually based on Chinese philosophy and is about improving wisdom and intelligence. Taoist philosophy is deeply rooted in and had a profound influence on the culture of Chinese martial arts.

The five traditional animal styles of Shaolin Kung Fu are the dragon, the snake, the tiger, the leopard and the crane. The union of the five animal forms clearly displayed the efficacy of both hard and soft movements, of both internal and external energy – this form of Chinese martial arts was known as Shaolin Kung Fu, named after the temple in which it was developed.

Questions.
(a) Which country does the martial art Kung Fu belong to?
(b) What is the meaning of the term “Kung Fu”?
(c) Write any two martial arts of India?
(d) What are the five animal styles followed in Shaolin Kung Fu?
Answer:
(a) The martial art Kung Fu belongs to the country China.
(b) The term ‘kung’ means ‘energy’ and ‘fu’ means ‘time’.
(c) Kalari and Silambam are two martial arts in India.
(d) The five traditional animal styles of Shaolin Kung Fu are the dragon, the snake, the tiger, the leopard and the crane.

[OR]

Read the following poem and answer the questions given below:

If you can’t be a pine on the top of the hill,
Be a scrub in the valley – but be
The best little scrub by the side of the rill;
Be a bush, if you can’t be a tree.
If you can’t be a bush, be a bit of the grass,
And some highway happier make;
If you can’t be a muskie, then just be a bass- But the liveliest bass in the lake!
We can’t all be captains, we’ve got to be crew,
There’s something for all of us here.
There’s big work to do and there’s lesser to do
And the task we must do is the near.
If you can’t be a highway, then just be a trail,
If you can’t be the sun, be a star;
It isn’t by size that you win or you fail- Be the best of whatever you are!

Questions.
(a) Where does the best scrub grow?
(b) What makes a highway traveller happy?
(c) Does size matter? Give reason.
(d) What is the underlying theme of the poem?
Answer:
(a) The best scrub grows by the side of a rill.
(b) The green grass on the sides of a highway makes a highway traveller happy.
(c) No, size doesn’t matter because its winning and being the best in whatever you do that matters.
(d) Be your best in all that you try to do and accomplish in life.

Students can Download Computer Applications Chapter 3 Introduction to Database Management System Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 3 Introduction to Database Management System

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Introduction to Database Management System Text Book Back Questions and Answers

PART – I
I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
Which language is used to request information from a Database?
(a) Relational
(b) Structural
(c) Query
(d) Compiler
Answer:
(c) Query

Question 2.
The ………………………. diagram gives a logical structure of the database graphically?
(a) Entity-Relationship
(b) Entity
(c) Architectural Representation
(d) Database
Answer:
(a) Entity-Relationship

Question 3.
An entity set that does not have enough attributes to form primary key is known as
(a) Strong entity set
(b) Weak entity set
(c) Identity set
(d) Owner set
Answer:
(b) Weak entity set

Question 4.
…………………………. Command is used to delete a database.
(a) Delete database databasename
(b) Delete database_name
(c) drop database database name
(d) drop database name
Answer:
(c) drop database database_name

Question 5.
Which type of below DBMS is MySQL?
(a) Object Oriented
(b) Hierarchical
(c) Relational
(d) Network
Answer:
(c) Relational

Question 6.
MySQL is freely available and is open source.
(a) True
(b) False
Answer:
(a) True

Question 7.
……………………….. represents a “tuple” in a relational database?
(a) Table
(b) Row
(c) Column
(d) Object
Answer:
(b) Row

Question 8.
Communication is established with MySQL using
(a) SQL
(b) Network calls
(c) Java
(d) API’s
Answer:
(a) SQL

Question 9.
Which is the MySQL instance responsible for data processing?
(a) MySQL Client
(b) MySQL Server
(c) SQL
(d) Server Daemon Program
Answer:
(b) MySQL Server

Question 10.
The structure representing the organizational view of entire database is known as in MySQL database.
(a) Schema
(b) View
(c) Instance
(d) Table
Answer:
(a) Schema

PART – II
II. Short Answer:

Question 1.
Define Data Model and list the types of data model used?
Answer:
Data models define how the logical structure of a database is modeled.
Data models define how data is connected to each other and how they are processed and stored inside the system. The various data models are;

1. Hierarchical Database Model,
2. Network Model,
3. Relational Model and
4. Object-oriented Database Model.

Question 2.
List few disadvantages of file processing system?
Answer:
Data Duplication – Same data is used by multiple resources for processing, thus created multiple copies of same data wasting the spaces.
High Maintenance – Access control and verifying data consistency needs high maintenance cost.
Security – less security provided to the data.

Question 3.
Define Single and multi valued attributes?
Answer:
A single valued attribute contains only one value for the attribute and they don’t have multiple numbers of values. For Example:Age-
Amulti valued attribute has more than one value for that particular attribute. F or Example :Degree

Question 4.
List any two DDL and DML commands with its Syntax?
Answer:
Commands:

1. CREATE
2. DROP

Syntax:

1. CREATE database databasename
2. DROP database databasename

DML COMMANDS List:
Commands:

1. INSERT
2. DELETE

Syntax:

1. Syntax 1: INSERT INTO tablename (column1, column2, column3) VALUES (value 1, value2, value3);
2. Syntax 2: INSERT INTO tablename VALUES (value1, value2, value3);
3. DELETE from tablename WHERE columnname=”value”;

Question 5.
What are the ACID properties?
Answer:
ACID Properties – The acronym stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability. Atomicity follows the thumb rule “All or Nothing”, while updating the data in database for the user performing the update operation. Consistency ensures that the changes in data value to be constant at any given instance. Isolation property is needed during concurrent action. Durability is defied as the system’s ability to recover all committed actions during the failure of storage or the system.

Question 6.
Which command is used to make permanent changes done by a trAnswer:action?
Answer:
COMMIT

Question 7.
What is view in SQL?
Answer:
Views – A set of stored queries.

Question 8.
Write the difference between SQL and MySQL?
Answer:
SQL:

1. SQL is a query language
2. SQL is used to query and operate database system.

MySQL:

1. MySQL is DBMS software.
2. MySQL allows data handling, storing, modifying, deleting, etc.

Question 9.
What is Relationship and List its types?
Answer:
In ER Model, relationship exists between two entities.

1. One-to-One relationship,
2. One-to-Many relationship and
3. Many-to-Many relationship.

Question 10.
State few advantages of Relational databases?
Answer:

1. High Availability
2. High Performance
3. Robust TrAnswer:actions and support
4. Ease of management
5. Less cost

PART – III
III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Explain on Evolution of DBMS?
Answer:

1. The concept of storing the data started before 40 years in various formats.
2. In earlier days they have used punched card technology to store the data.
3. Then files were used. The file systems were known as predecessor of database system.
4. Various access methods in file system were indexed, random and sequential access.
5. The file systems has limitations like duplication, less security. To overcome this, DBMS was introduced.

Question 2.
What is relationship in databases? List its types?
Answer:
In ER Model, relationship exists between two entities. The various types of relationships are;

1. One-to-One relationship.
2. One-to-Many relationship.
3. Many-to-Many relationship.

Question 3.
Discuss on Cardinality in DBMS?
Answer:
Cardinality is defined as the number of items that must be included in a relationship, i.e. number of entities in one set mapped with the number of entities of another set via the relationship. Three classifications in Cardinality are one-to-one, one-to-many and Many-to-Many.

In the above example we have two entities Person and Vehicle. If we consider the current vehicle, the driver is operating, then we have one-to-one relationship between Person and Vehicle.
In the above example, Customer places the Order is a one-to-many relationship. Here the customer can place multiple orders and the order is related to only one customer. The example of many-to-many relationship is Students registering the Courses. A student can register more than one courses and A course can be registered by many students. Hence it is many-to-many.

Question 4.
List .any 5 privileges available in MySQL for the User?
List of privileges available in MySQL?
Answer:
Privileges:

1. Select_priv
2. Insert_priv
3. Update_priv
4. Delete_priv
5. Create_priv
6. Alter_priv

Action Performed (If Granted):

1. User can select rows from database tables.
2. User can insert rows into database tables.
3. User can update rows of database tables.
4. User can delete rows of database tables.
5. User can create new tables in database.
6. User can make changes to the database structure.

Question 5.
Write few commands used by DBA to control the entire database.
USE Database – This command is used to select the database in MySQL for working.
Syntax:
mysql > use test;
Database changed
mysql>
SHOW Databases – Lists all the databases available in the database server.
Syntax:
mysql > show databases;

SHOW Tables – Lists all the tables available in the current database we are working in.
mysql > show tables;

SHOW COLUMNS FROM tablename – Lists all the attributes, attribute type, Is Null value
permitted, key information, default value and other information for the given table.
Syntax:
mysql > show columns from sports;

SHOW INDEX FROM tablename – The query shows all the indexes for the given table.
Syntax:
mysql > show indexes from sports;

SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE tablename\G – This command provides with detailed report on the performance of the table.

PART – IV
IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Discuss on various database models available in DBMS?
Answer:
DBMS Database Models:
The database technology came into existence in terms of models with relational and object- relational behavior. The major database models are listed below:

(i) Hierarchical Database Model The famous Hierarchical database model was IMS (Information Management System), IBM’s first DBMS. In this model each record has information in parent/child relationship like a tree structure. The collection of records was called as record types, which are equivalent to tables in relational model. The individual records are equal to rows.

In the above model we have many advantages like less redundant data, efficient search, data integrity and security. This model also has few limitations like complex to implement and difficulty in handling many to many relationships.

(ii) Network model:
The first developed network data model was IDS (Integrated Data Store) at Honeywell. Network model is similar to Hierarchical model except that in this model each member can have more than one owner. The many to many relationships are handled in a better way. This model identified the three database components Network schema, Sub schema and Language for data management. Network schema – schema defines all about the structure of the database.
Sub schema – controls on views of the database for the user.
Language – basic procedural for accessing the database.
The major advantage of this model is the ability to handle more relationship types, easy data access, data integrity and independence. The limitation of network model is difficulty in design and maintenance.

(iii) Relational model:
Oracle and DB2 are few commercial relational models in use. Relational model is defined with two terminologies Instance and Schema.
Instance – A table consisting of rows and columns
Schema – Specifies the structure including name and type of each column.
A relation (table) consists of unique attributes (columns) and tuples (rows).

(iv) Object-oriented database model:
This model incorporates the combination of Object Oriented Programming (OOP’s) concepts and database technologies.
Practically, this model serves as the base of Relational model. Object oriented model uses small, reusable software known as Objects.
These are stored in object oriented database.
This model efficiently manages large number of different data types. Moreover complex behaviors are handled efficiently using OOP’s concepts.

Question 2.
List the basic concepts of ER Model with suitable example?
Answer:
ER Modeling basic concepts
The basic concepts of ER model consists of

1. Entity or Entity type
2. Attributes
3. Relationship

These are the general concepts which help to create an ER diagram and produce an ER model. With the help of these any database design can be created and viewed to know the concept in that database design.

(i) Entity or Entity type
An Entity can be anything a real-world object or animation which is easily identifiable by anyone even by a common man. Eg: In a company’s database Employee, HR, Manager are considered as entities, where each of these entity will be having their own attributes . An entity is represented by a rectangular box.

Types of Entity:

1. Strong Entity
2. Weak Entity
3. Entity Instance

1. Strong Entity:
A Strong entity is the one which doesn’t depend on any other entity on the schema or database and a strong entity will have a primary key with it (i.e. a unique id which other entities will not have in their attributes).It is represented by one rectangle. In the above example it is a strong entity because it has a primary key(a unique id) as the roll no because for every one roll no varies and it will not be same.

2. Weak Entity:
A weak entity is dependent on other entities and it doesn’t have any primary key like the Strong entity. It is represented by double rectangle. For Example: Here the marks is the weak entity and there are no unique id or primary – key for that entity. So they are dependent on the existence of the other entity.

(ii) Attributes
An attribute is the information about that entity and it will describe, quantify, qualify, classify, and specify an entity. An attribute will always have a single value, that value can be a number or character or string.
Types of attributes:

1. Key Attribute
2. Simple Attributes
3. Composite Attributes
4. Single Valued Attribute
5. Multi Valued Attribute

1. Key Attribute:
Generally a key attribute describes a unique characteristic of an entity.

2. Simple Attribute:
The simple attributes cannot be separated it will be having a single value for their entity. For Example: Let us consider the name as the attribute for the entity employee and here the value for that attribute is a single value.

3. Composite Attributes:
The composite attributes can be sub-divided into simple attributes without change in the meaning of that attribute. For Example: In the above diagram the employee is the entity with the composite attribute Name which are sub-divided into two simple attributes first and last name.

4. Single Valued Attributes:
A single valued attribute contains only one value for the attribute and they don’t have multiple numbers of values. For Example: Age- It is a single value for a person as we cannot given number of ages for a single person,therefore it is a single valued attribute.

Arrtibute:

1. Age
2. Roll no

Values:

1. 3
2. 85

In the above table are the some examples for single valued attributes.

5. Multi Valued Attributes:
A multi valued attribute has more than one value for that particular attribute. For Example:
Degree – A person can hold n number of degrees so it is a multi-valued attribute.

Attributes and Values:

Attributes:

1. Degree
2. BankAccount

Values:

1. B. Tech, MBA
2. SBI, HDFC

(iii) Relationship Type:
In ER Model, relationship exists between two entities. Three types of relationships are – available and the Entity-Relationship(ER) diagram is based on the three types listed below.

(iv) One-to-One relationship:
Consider two entities A and B. one-to-one (1:1) relationship is said to exist in a relational database design, if 0 or 1 instance of entity A is associated with 0 or 1 instance of entity B, and 0 or 1 instance of entity B is associated with 0 or 1 instance of entity A.

(v) One-to-Many relationship:
Consider two entities A and B. one-to-many (1:N) relationship is said to exist in a relational database design, for 1 instance of entity A there exists 0 or 1 or many instances of entity B, but for 1 instance of entity B there exists 0 or 1 instance of entity A.

(vi) Many-to-Many relationship:
Consider two entities A and B. many-to-many (M:N) relationship is said to exist in a relational database design, for 1 instance of entity A there exists 0 or 1 or many instances of entity B, and for 1 instance of entity B there exists 0 or 1 or many instance of entity A.
In reality one-to-one are in less usage, where as one-to-many and many-to-many are commonly used. However in relational databases, many-to-many are converted into one-to- many relationships.

Question 3.
Discuss in detail on various types of attributes in DBMS?
Answer:
Types of attributes:

1. Key Attribute
2. Simple Attributes
3. Composite Attributes
4. Single Valued Attribute
5. Multi Valued Attribute

1. Key Attribute:
Generally a key attribute describes a unique characteristic of an entity.

2. Simple Attribute:
The simple attributes cannot be separated it will be having a single value for their entity. For Example: Let us consider the name as the attribute for the entity employee and here the value for that attribute is a single value.

3. Composite Attributes:
The composite attributes can be sub-divided into simple attributes without change in the meaning of that attribute. For Example: In the above diagram the employee is the entity with the composite attribute Name which are sub-divided into two simple attributes first and last name.

4. Single Valued Attributes:
A single valued attribute contains only one value for the attribute and they don’t have multiple numbers of values. For Example: Age- It is a single value for a person as we cannot given number of ages for a single verson, therefore it is a single valued attribute.

Attribute:

1. Degree
2. Bank_Account

Values:

1. 3
2. 85

5. Multi Valued Attributes:
A multi valued attribute has more than one value for that particular attribute. For example:
Degree – A person can hold n number of degrees so it is a multi-valued attribute.
In the below table are some examples for multi valued attributes.

Attribute:

1. Degree
2. Bank_Account

Values:

1. B.TEch, MBA
2. SBI, HDFC

Question 4.
Write a note on open source software tools available in MySQL Administration?
MYSQL Administration open source software tools:
Answer:
Types of software tools:
Many open source tools are available in the market to design the database in a better and efficient manner. PhpMyAdmin is most popular for Web Administration. The popular Desktop Application tools are MySQL Workbench and HeidiSQL.

PHPMYADMIN (Web Admin):

1. This administrative tool of MySQL is a web application written in PHP.
2. They are used predominantly in web hosting.
3. The main feature is providing web interface, importing data from CSV and exporting data to various formats.
4. It generates live charts for monitoring MySQL server activities like connections, processes and memory usage.
5. It also helps in making the complex queries easier.

MySQL Workbench (Desktop Application):

1. It is a database tool used by developers and DBA’s mainly for visualization.
2. This tool helps in data modeling, development of SQL, server configuration and backup for MySQL in a better way.
3. Its basic release version is 5.0 and is now in 8.0 supporting all Operating Systems.
4. The SQL editor of this tool is very flexible and comfortable in dealing multiple results set.

HeidiSQL (Desktop Application):

1. This open source tools helps in the administration of better database systems.
2. It supports GUI (Graphical User Interface) features for monitoring server host, server connection, Databases, Tables, Views, Triggers and Events.

Question 5.
Explain in detail on Sub Queries with suitable examples?
Answer:
Sub queries:
The SQL query is written within a main Query. This is called as Nested Inner/SubQuery.The sub query is executed first and the results of sub query are used as the condition for main query.
The sub query must follow the below rules:

• Subqueries are always written within the parentheses.
• Always place the Subquery on the right side of the comparison operator.
• ORDER BY clause is not used in sub query, since Subqueries cannot manipulate the results internally.

Consider the Employee table with the fields EmpID, Name, Age and Salary.

In the below Query, we use sub query in an SELECT statement.
SELECT * from Employee
where EmpID IN (SELECT EmpID from Employee WHERE Salary < 20000);
First, the inner query is executed. As a result EmpID 101 and 103 are retrieved. Now the external or outer query is executed. Internally the query is SELECT * from Employee where EmpID IN(101,103) and the output is drawn below.
Select Record List

Similarly the subqueries are used with INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Introduction to Database Management System Additional Question and Answer:wers

I. Choose the Best Answer

Question 1.
Expand DBMS?
(a) DataBase Management System
(b) Data Manipulation Schema
(c) Data Base Management Schema
(d) Data Base Manipulation Schema
Answer:
(a) DataBase Management System

Question 2.
Expand RDBMS.
(a) Relational Data Base Manipulation System
(b) Relational Data Base Management Schema
(c) Relational Data Base Management System
(d) Record Data Base Managing Schema
Answer:
(c) Relational Data Base Management System

Question 3.
Expand ODBMS.
(a) Object Data Base Management System
(b) Objective Data Base Management System
(c) Object Oriented Data Base Management System
(d) Objective Data Manipulation System
Answer:
(a) Object Data Base Management System

Question 4.
Update operation is otherwise called as …………………………
Answer:
transaction

Question 5.
Two types of trAnswer:action operations are ……………………… and ………………………
Answer:
commits and aborts

Question 6.
To prevent the conflict in database update, the trAnswer:actions are isolated from other user and serialized. This is called as ……………………….
(a) Atomicity
(b) Consistency
(c) Isolation
(d) Degree of Consistency
Answer:
(d) Degree of Consistency

Question 7.
ensures that the changes in data value to be constant at any given instance.
(a) Atomicity
(b) Consistency
(c) Isolation
(d) Durability
Answer:
(b) Consistency

Question 8.
Match the following:
1. Atomicity – (i) commit / aborts
2. TrAnswer:action – (ii) constant data
3. Consistency – (iii) recover all committed trAnswer:actions
4. Durability – (iv) All or Nothing
(a) 1-(iv), 2-(i), 3-(ii), 4-(iii)
(b) 1-(i), 2-(ii), 3-(iii), 4-(iv)
(c) 1 -(iv), 2-(iii), 3-(ii),4-(i)
(d) 1-(i), 2-(ii), 3-(iv), 4-(iii)
Answer:
(a) 1-(iv), 2-(i), 3-(ii), 4-(iii)

Question 9.
Concurrency control and locking are needed
(a) Consistency
(b) data sharing
(c) data hiding
(d) TrAnswer:action
Answer:
(b) data sharing

Question 10.
How many Database models are there?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(c) 4

Question 11.
The famous Hierarchical database model was ……………………
Answer:
IMS

Question 12.
IMS stands for ……………………..
Answer:
Information Data Store

Question 13.
IBM’s first DBMS is ……………………..
(a) IMS
(b) IVS
(c) BMS
(d) VMS
Answer:
(a) IMS

Question 14.
Hierarchical database model uses …………………….. structure.
(a) star
(b) tree
(c) HoneyComb
(d) Hair like
Answer:
(b) tree

Question 15.
Parent child relationship is established in …………………….. database Models.
(a) Hierarchical
(b) Network
(c) Relational
(d) Object
Answer:
(a) Hierarchical

Question 16.
The collection of records in Hierarchical models are called as ……………………..
(a) field types
(b) tuples
(c) record types
(d) ACID
Answer:
(c) record types

Question 17.
In ACID properties I indicates
(a) Inverter
(b) Interface
(c) Isolation
(d) Identification
Answer:
(c) Isolation

Question 18.
The first Network Model was developed at ……………………..
Answer:
Honey well

Question 19.
…………………….. is the first developed Network Data Model.
(a) IMS
(b) IDS
(c) DB2
(d) OOP’s
Answer:
(b) IDS

Question 20.
IDS stands for ……………………..
Answer:
Integrated Data Store

Question 21.
Which of the two databases models are similar?
(a) Hierarchical, Network
(b) Network, relational
(c) Relational, Object oreinted
(d) Network, Object oreinted
Answer:
(a) Hierarchical, Network

Question 22.
Network database model is identified by ………………………..
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(b) 3

Question 23.
Find the Statement which is wrong?
(a) Network Schema deals with locking
(b) Subschema controls on view of the database
Answer:
(a) Network Schema deals with locking

Question 24.
Which one of the following is the basic procedural for accessing the database in Network model?
Answer:
(a) Network schema
(b) Sub schema
(c) Language
(d) Super schema
Answer:
(c) Language

Question 25.
……………….. and …………………… are the commercial relational database models.
(a) Oracle, DB2
(b) DB2, IDS
(c) IDS, IMS
(d) Oracle, IBME
Answer:
(a) Oracle, DB2

Question 26.
Find which of the following statements are true with respect to Relational model
(i) Instance – A table with rows and columns
(ii) Schema – Specifies the sjtructure
(a) (i) is true
(b) (ii) is true
(c) both are true
(d) both are false
Answer:
(c) both are true

Question 27.
Columns are otherwise called as …………………….
Answer:
attributes

Question 28.
OOP’s stands for …………………….
Answer:
Object Oriented Language.

Question 29.
Object oriented model uses small, reusable software known as ………………………
(a) objects
(b) software
(c) class
(d) private
Answer:
(a) objects

Question 30.
The vertical entity of a table is known as ………………………. or ……………………….
Answer:
Attribute, Column

Question 31.
A primary key which is a combination of more than one attribute is called a ………………………..
Answer:
composite primary key

Question 32.
Each super key is called as ……………………… key.
(a) Sub
(b) Candidate
(c) Schema
(d) Constraint
Answer:
(b) Candidate

Question 33.
What is the another name for Candidate Key?
(a) Super key
(b) Sub key
(c) Minimal super key
(d) Maximal super key
Answer:
(c) Minimal super key

Question 34.
Composite key is otherwise called as ………………………
(a) compound key
(b) super key
(c) sub key
(d) foreign key
Answer:
(a) compound key

Question 35.
How many basic concepts are there in ER model?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(b) 3

Question 36.
How many types of entities are there?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(b) 3

Question 37.
What is the symbol for weak Entity?
(a) square
(b) double square
(c) rectangle
(d) double rectangle
Answer:
(d) double rectangle

Question 38.
………………………. denotes the category values for the given entity.
(a) Schema
(b) Structure
(c) Entity Instance
(d) Existence
Answer:
(c) Entity Instance

Question 39.
……………………. describes a unique characteristic of an entity.
Answer:
Key Attribute.

Question 40.
How many types of attributes are there?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(d) 5

Question 41.
How many relationship types are there in ER model?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(b) 3

Question 42.
The number of entity types involved is known as …………………….
Answer:
degree of relationship

Question 43.
Customer places the order is an example of ……………………. relationship.
(a) one to one
(b) one to many
(c) many to many
(d) two to many
Answer:
(b) one to many

Question 44.
MySQL is founded by ……………………….
(a) My Widenius
(b) Monty Widenius
(c) Marley Minto
(d) My Minto
Answer:
(b) Monty Widenius

Question 45.
SQL meAnswer: ……………………….
Answer:
Structured Query Language.

Question 46.
The structured collection of data is ……………………..
(a) data
(b) table
(c) row
(d) database
Answer:
(d) database

Question 47.
The databases are broadly classified into …………………….. and …………………….. databases.
Answer:
Heavy, light

Question 48.
The light databases that supports the web applications are also known as ……………………. databases.
(a) web
(b) Heavy
(c) Application
(d) Super
Answer:
(a) web

Question 49.
DBA stands for ……………………..
Answer:
DataBase Administrators.

Question 50.
All the query will terminate with ……………………
(a) colon
(b) semicolon
(c) bracket
(d) dot
Answer:
(b) semicolon

Question 51.
…………………. reboots the server.
Answer:
Flush privileges

Question 52.
…………………… is the most popular web administration tool.
Answer:
Phpmyadmin

Question 53.
The popular Desktop Application tools are
(a) MySQL workbench
(b) HeidiSQL
(c) PlSQL
(d) both a and b
Answer:
(d) both a and b

Question 54.
The process of creating, implementing and maintaining the enterprise data in the system is known as ……………………… of databases.
Answer:
desingning

Question 55.
Expand Answer:
(a) American National Standards Institute
(b) African National Standard Institute
(c) American North Sound Institute
(d) All-National Standard Institute
Answer:
(a) American National Standards Institute

Question 56.
…………………… is used to temporarily save a trAnswer:action.
(a) Commit
(b) Rollback
(c) TrAnswer:action
(d) SavePoint
Answer:
(d) SavePoint

Question 57.
When we want to select data from more than 2 tables ……………………. clause is used.
(a) group
(b) merge
(c) combine
(d) sql join
Answer:
(d) sql join

Question 58.
Multiple numbers of values are not allowed in ………………………. attributes.
(a) single valued
(b) composite
(c) multi valued
(d) key
Answer:
(a) single valued

Question 59.
Match the following attributes with their values.
1. simple – (i) Degree
2. composite – (ii) Name
3. Single valued – (iii) First Name, Last Name
4. Multi valued – (iv) Age
(a) 1-(ii), 2-(iii), 3-(iv), 4-(i)
(b) 1-(i), 2-(ii), 3-(iii), 4-(iv)
(c) 1-(iv), 2-(ii), 3-(i), 4-(iii)
(d) 1-(iv), 2-(i), 3-(ii), 4-(iii)
Answer:
(a) 1-(ii), 2-(iii), 3-(iv), 4-(i)

Question 60.
…………………….. is the symbol for Relationship in ER Model.
Answer:
Rhombus

Question 61.
M : N relationship is said to be ………………………. relationship.
Answer:
many to many

Question 62.
The most popular DBMS is ……………………….
Answer:
MySQL

Question 63.
The least popular DBMS as per the statistical data is ……………………….
Answer:
cassandra

Question 64.
………………… lists all the databases available in the databases.
Answer:
Show databases

Question 65.
shows all the indexes for the given table.
Answer:
Show index from tablename

Question 66.
Match the following
1. DDL – (a) commit
2. DML – (b) alter
3. DQL – (c) insert
4. TCL – (d) select
(a) 1-(b) 2 (c) 3-(d) 4-(a)
(b) 1-(a) 2-(d) 3-(b) 4-(c)
(c) 1-(c)2-(b)3-(a)4-(d)
(d) 1-(d) 2-(b) 5-(a) 4-(c)
Answer:
(a) 1-(b) 2 (c) 3-(d) 4-(a)

Question 67.
Find the wrong one.
(a) DDL – create command
(b) DML – update
(c) TCL – solve point
(d) DCL – select
Answer:
(d) DCL – select

Question 68.
DDL stands for ……………………….
Answer:
Data Definition Language

Question 69.
DML stands for ……………………….
Answer:
Data Manipulation Language

Question 70.
DQL stands for ……………………….
Answer:
Data Query Language

Question 71.
TCL stands for ……………………….
Answer:
Transaction Control Structure

Question 72.
DCL stands for ……………………….
Answer:
Data Control Language

Question 73.
………………………. clause is used in select and update query statement for the condition.
Answer:
where

Question 74.
The existing record in a table is removed from the table using ………………………. command.
Answer:
DELETE

Question 75.
………………………. is not a logical operator.
(a) And
(b) Between
(c) Plus
(d) Unique
Answer:
(c) Plus

Question 76.
IN is ………………………. operator.
Answer:
logical

Question 77.
<>is a ………………………. operator.
Answer:
comparision

Question 78.
………………………. is used to take out permission from the specific users.
Answer:
Revoke

Question 79.
………………………. is used to delete all table records.
Answer:
Truncate

Question 80.
………………………. deletes database or table.
Answer:
drop

II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Define database?
Answer:
“A database management system (DBMS) is system software for creating and managing databases. The DBMS provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data”.

Question 2.
Name the various access methods in file system?
Answer:
Various access methods in file system were indexed, random and sequential access.

Question 3.
Define degree of consistency?
Answer:
To prevent the conflict in database update, the trAnswer:actions are isolated from other user and serialized. This is also known as Degree of Consistency.

Question 4.
Give advantages of Hierarchical database models?
Answer:

1. Less redundant data
2. data integrity
3. efficient search
4. security

Question 5.
Give limitations of Hierarchical db model?
Answer:

1. complex to implement
2. difficult to handle many to many relationships.

Question 6.
Define relational database?
Answer:
Any database whose logical organization is based on relational data model is known as Relational Database.

Question 7.
Define Table?
Answer:
In relational database model, table is defined as the collection of data organized in terms of rows and columns. Table is the simple representation of relations.

Question 8.
Define row in a table?
Answer:
A single entry in a table is called as Row or Record or Tuple. Set of related data’s are represented in a row or tuple. The horizontal entity in a table is known as Record or row.

Question 9.
Define Primary key?
Answer:

1. The candidate key that is chosen to perform the identification task is called the primary key and any others are Alternate keys.
2. Every tuple must have, a unique value for its primary key.

Question 10.
Define Foreign key?
Answer:

1. A foreign key is a “copy” of a primary key that has been exported from one relation into another to represent the existence of a relationship between them.
2. Foreign keys can also be null.

Question 11.
Define Composite key?
Answer:
A key with more than one attribute to identify rows uniquely in a table is called Composite key. This is also known as Compound Key.

Question 12.
Name the different types of entity?
Answer:
Types of Entity:

1. Strong Entity
2. Weak Entity
3. Entity Instance

Question 13.
Name the different types of attributes?
Answer:
Types of attributes:

1. Key Attribute
2. Simple Attributes
3. Composite Attributes
4. Single Valued Attribute
5. Multi Valued Attribute

Question 14.
Define degree of relationship?
Answer:
The number of entity types involved is known as Degree of relationship. .

1. One-Unary,
2. Two-Binary,
3. Three -Ternary.

Question 15.
Classify databases (or) Compare heavy database with light database?
Answer:
The databases are broadly divided into Heavy and Light databases. Heavy databases support all the desktop applications whereas the web applications are supported by Light databases.

Question 16.
List some commonly used databases?
Answer:
The lists of commonly used databases.

1. DB2
2. MySQL
3. Oracle
4. PostgreSQL
5. SQLite
6. SQL Server
7. Sybase

Question 17.
Give the syntax for inserting record?
Answer:
The Syntax for inserting record is
INSERT INTO table name (Parameterl,Parameter2, Parameter3..) VALUES (Value!, Value2, Value3..).

Question 18.
Give the syntax for USE database?
Answer:
Syntax:
mysql > use database name test;
Database changed
mysql>

Question 19.
Define designing of databases?
Answer:
The process of creating, implementing and maintaining the enterprise data in a system is known as Designing of databases.

III. Explain in Brief

Question 1.
Explain three database components of the network model?
Answer:
The three database components of Network models are: Network schema, Sub schema and Language.
Network schema – schema defines all about the structure of the database.
Sub schema – controls on views of the database for the user.
Language – basic procedural for accessing the database.

Question 2.
What are the advantages and limitations of the network model?
Answer:
Advantages:

1. The ability to handle more relationship types,
2. Easy data access,
3. Data integrity and independence.

Disadvantages:
The limitation of network model is difficulty in design and maintenance.

Question 3.
What are the two terminologies related With relational model?
Answer:
Relational model is defined with two terminologies Instance and Schema.

1. Instance – A table consisting of rows and columns
2. Schema – Specifies the structure including name arid type of each column.

Question 4.
Define Super key?
Answer:

1. An attribute or group of attributes, which is sufficient to distinguish every tuple in the relation from every other one is known as Super Key.
2. Each super key is called a candidate key.
3. A candidate key is selected from the set of Super Key.

Question 5.
Define Strong Entity?
Answer:
A Strong entity is the one which doesn’t depend on any other entity on the schema or database and a strong entity will have a primary key with it (i;e. a unique id which other entities will not have in their attributes). It is represented by one rectangle.

Question 6.
Define relationship instance with example?
Answer:
Each instance of the relationship between members of these entity types is called a relationship instance.
E.g if ‘B’ is the relationship between the Employee entity and the department entity, then Ram works for Comp. Sc department, Shyam works for Electrical department etc. are relationship instances of the relationship, works for.

Question 7.
Give the roles and responsibilities of DBA?
Answer:
Database Administrators (DBA’s) takes care of configuration, installation, performance, security and data backup.
DBA’s posses the skills on database design, database queries, RDMS, SQL and networking.
The primary task is the creation of new user and providing them with access rights.

Question 8.
List the components that make up a database (or) parts of the database?
Answer:
The three major parts that forms a database are Tables, Queries and Views.

1. Tables – similar to an excel sheet, containing multiple rows and columns. Where each row is a record and each column is an attribute.
2. Queries – It is a question with multiple conditions posted to the database. The records in the database that satisfies the passed conditions are retrieved.
3. Views -A set of stored queries.

Question 9.
List the functions of SQL?
Answer:
Functions performed using SQL are listed below:

1. Executes queries against a database.
2. Retrieves data from database.
3. Inserts and updates records in a database
4. Delete records from database.
5. Creates new databases and new tables in a database.

Question 10.
List the types of SQL commands?
Answer:
Data Definition Language (DDL),
Data Manipulation Language (DML),
Data Query Language (DQL),
Action Control Language (TCL),
Data Control Language (DCL).

Question 11.
Give the SQL DCL commands?
Answer:
SQL DCL COMMANDS List

Commands:

1. Grant
2. Revoke

Description:

1. Used to give permission to specific users on specific database objects like table, view etc
2. Used to take out permission from specific users on specific database objects like table, view etc.

Question 12.
How will you modify the records in the table?
Answer:
Modifying Record:
SQL provides us with modifying and updating the existing records in a table using UPDATE command. The age of Krishna in Biodata table is changed using the below Syntax.
Syntax:
UPDATE tablename
SET column1= “new value”
Where column2=“value2”;
Example: mysql>UPDATE Biodata SET age=13 WHERE firstname=“Krishna”;

Question 13.
Write note on operators in SQL?
MySQL Operators
Answer:

Question 14.
How will you arrange the records in ascending or descending order in a table?
Answer:
The Query results are listed in Ascending or Descending order using the command ORDER ‘ BY. In some databases the results are sorted by default in Ascending order.

Question 15.
How will you delete the record in the table?
Answer:
Deleting Record:
The existing record in a table is removed from the table using DELETE , command. Entire record or specified columns in the table can be deleted. If we want to perform delete operation on specific columns, then that condition is given in the WHERE condition. If the condition is not specified, then the entire data will be deleted.
Syntax: DELETE from tablename WHERE columnname= “value”;

Question 16.
What are the rules to be followed by sub query?
Answer:
The sub query must follow the below rules:

1. Subqueries are always written within the parentheses.
2. Always place the Subquery on the right side of the comparison operator.
3. ORDER BY clause is not used in sub query, since Subqueries cannot manipulate the results internally.

IV. Answer in detail

Question 1.
Explain RDBMS Jargons in detail?
Answer:
RDBMS Jargons
Database:
The most popular Relational Database is MySQL. It is an open source SQL database supporting different platforms like Windows, Linux and MAC Operating Systems. The other relational databases available are Oracle, MS SQL Server and MS Access. The features of RDBMS are

1. High Availability
2. High Performance
3. Robust TrAnswer:actions and support
4. Ease of management
5. Less cost

Table:
In relational database model, table is defined as the collection of data organized in terms of rows and columns. Table is the simple representation of relations. The true relations cannot have duplicate rows where as the table can have. The example of Employee table is shown below in Table.

Table Structure :

Column:
The table consists of several rows and columns. Table can be divided into smaller parts, in ‘ terms of columns. Each column is known as attributes. In the Employee table four attributes are available namely Id, Name, Age and Salary. The attribute is defined in a table to hold values of same type. This is known as Attribute Domain. In the Employee table, the Name field will hold only characters not the numbers in it. The vertical entity in a table is known as Attribute or Column.

Row:
A single entry in a table is called as Row or Record or Tuple. Set of related data’s are represented in a row or tuple. The horizontal entity in a table is known as Record or row.
Row Structure

Primary key:
The candidate key that is chosen to perform the identification task is called the primary key and any others are Alternate keys. Every tuple must have, by definition, a unique value for its primary key. A primary key which is a combination of more than one attribute is called a composite primary key.

Foreign Key:
A foreign key is a “copy” of a primary key that has been exported from one relation into another to represent the existence of a relationship between them. A foreign key is a copy of the whole of its parent primary key he if the primary key is composite, then so is the foreign key. Foreign key values do not (usually) have to be unique. Foreign keys can also
be null. A composite foreign key cannot have some attribute(s) null and others non-null.

Super Key:
An attribute or group of attributes, which is sufficient to distinguish every tuple in the relation from every other oiie is known as Super Key. Each super key is called a candidate key. A candidate key is selected from the set of Super Key. While selecting candidate key, redundant attributes should not be taken. The candidate key is also known as minimal super keys.

Composite Key:
A key with more than one attribute to identify rows uniquely in a table is called Composite key. This is also known as Compound Key.

Question 2.
Explain ER – Modeling diagram Notations?
Answer:
Entities, Attributes and Relationship forms the components of ER Diagram and the defined symbols and shapes are summarized below in Table.
ER diagram Notations.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Model Question Papers helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamil Nadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium

General Instructions:

1. The question paper comprises of four parts
2. You are to attempt all the questions in each part. An internal choice of questions is provided wherever applicable.
3. All questions of Part I, II, III and IV are to be attempted separately.
4. Question numbers 1 to 12 in Part I are Multiple Choice Questions of one mark each.
   These are to be answered by writing the correct answer along with the corresponding option code.
5. Question numbers 13 to 22 in Part II are of two marks each. Any one question should be answered compulsorily.
6. Question numbers 23 to 32 in Part III are of four marks each. Any one question should be answered compulsorily.
7. Question numbers 33 to 35 in Part IV are of seven marks each. Draw diagrams wherever necessary.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 75

Part – I

(i) Answer all the questions. [12 × 1 = 12]
(ii) Choose the most suitable answer and write the code with the corresponding answer.

Question 1.
Impulse is equal to _________.
(a) rate of change of momentum
(b) rate of force and time
(c) change of momentum
(d) rate of change of mass
Answer:
(c) change of momentum

Question 2.
The value of universal gas constant ________.
(a) 3.81 mol^-1 KJ^-1
(b) 8.03 J mol^-1 K^-1
(c) 1.38 mol^-1 KJ^-1
(d) 8.31 J mol^-1 K^-1
Answer:
(d) 8.31 J mol^-1 K^-1

Question 3.
The safe limit of receiving the radiation is about _______.
(a) 1R
(b) 0.1 R
(c)100 R
(d) 10 R
Answer:
(b) 0.1 R

Question 4.
The gram molecular mass of oxygen molecule is ________.
(a) 16 g
(b) 18 g
(c) 32 g
(d) 17 g
Answer:
(c) 32 g

Question 5.
The basis of modem periodic law is _________.
(a) atomic number
(b) atomic mass
(c) Isotopic mass
(d) number of neutrons
Answer:
(a) atomic number

Question 6.
A solution is a ______ mixture.
(a) homogeneous
(b) heterogeneous
(c) homogeneous and heterogeneous
(d) non-homogeneous
Answer:
(a) homogeneous

Question 7.
Which is the sequence of correct blood flow _______.
(a) ventricle – atrium – vein – arteries
(b) atrium – ventricle – veins – arteries
(c) atrium – ventricle – arteries – vein
(d) ventricles – vein – atrium – arteries
Answer:
(c) atrium – ventricle – arteries – vein

Question 8.
Polyphagia is a condition seen in ______.
(a) Diabetes insipidus
(b) Diabetes mellitus
(c) Obesity
(d) AIDS
Answer:
(b) Diabetes mellitus

Question 9.
The xylem and phloem arranged side by side on same radius is called _______.
(a) radial
(b) amphivasal
(c) conjoint
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) conjoint

Question 10.
Which is formed during anaerobic respiration?
(a) Carbohydrate
(b) Ethyl alcohol
(c) Acetyl CoA
(d) Pyruvate
Answer:
(b) Ethyl alcohol

Question 11.
Which is used to build scripts?
(a) Script area
(b) Block palette
(c) stage
(d) Sprite
Answer:
(a) Script area

Question 12.
Rice normally grows well in alluvial soil, but _______ is a rice variety produced by mutation breeding that grows well in saline soil.
(a) Atlas 66
(b) Triticale
(c) Protina
(d) Atomita-2-rice
Answer:
(d) Atomita-2-rice

Part – II

Answer any seven questions. (Q.No: 22 is compulsory) [7 × 2 = 14]

Question 13.
Why a spanner with a long handle is preferred to tighten screws in heavy vehicles?
Answer:
This is because turning effect to tighten the screws depends upon the perpendicular distance of the applied force from the axis of rotation in power arm. Larger the power arm less is the force required to turn the screws. So spanner is provided with a long handle.

Question 14.
State Snell’s law.
Answer:
The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence and sine of the angle of refraction is equal to the ratio of refractive indices of the two media. This law is also known as Snell’s law.
\(\frac{\sin i}{\sin r}=\frac{\mu_{2}}{\mu_{1}}\)

Question 15.
What is co-efficient of cubical expansion?
Answer:
The ratio of increase in volume of the body per degree rise in temperature to its unit volume is called as coefficient of cubical expansion.

Question 16.
Define Relative atomic mass.
Answer:
Relative atomic mass of an element is the ratio between the average mass of its isotopes to
l/12th part of the mass of a carbon-12 atom. It is denoted as Ar.

Question 17.
Differentiate aqueous and non-aqueous solution:
Answer:
Aqueous solution:

• Water acts as a solvent
• E.g. Common salt in water

Non -Aqueous solution:

• Any liquid, other than water, acts as a solvent.
• E.g. Sulphur dissolved in carbon disulphide

Question 18.
How is diastema formed in rabbit?
Answer:
Diastema is a gap between the incisors and premolar. It is formed due to the absence of canine. It helps in mastication and chewing of food in herbivorous animals.

Question 19.
What is the role of parathormone?
Answer:
The parathormone regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. They act on bone, kidney and intestine to maintain blood calcium levels.

Question 20.
Identify the parts A, B, C and D?
Answer:

A – Head
B – Acrosome
C – Nucleus
D – Mitochondria

Question 21.
Write any two importance of Ethnobotany.
Answer:

1. It provides traditional uses of plant.
2. It gives information about certain unknown and known useful plants.

Question 22.
The focal length of the concave lens is 7 m. Calculate the power of lens.
Answer:
Given f = -7 m
Power of lens = \(\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{-7}\) =
= -0.14 dioptre or -0.14 D

Part – III

Answer any seven questions (Q.No: 32 is compulsory) [7 × 4 = 28]

Question 23.
Write the applications of universal law of gravitation.
Answer:

• Dimensions of the heavenly bodies can be measured using the gravitation law. Mass of the Earth, radius of the Earth, acceleration due to gravity, etc. can be calculated with a higher accuracy. .
• Helps in discovering new stars and planets.
• One of the irregularities in the motion of stars is called ‘Wobble’ that lead to the disturbance in the motion of a planet nearby. In this condition the mass of the star can be calculated using the law of gravitation.
• Helps to explain germination of roots is due to the property of geotropism, which is the property of a root responding to the gravity.
• Helps to predict the path of the astronomical bodies.

Question 24.
(i) Differentiate convex lens and concave lens.
Answer:

(ii) Define dispersion of light.
Answer:
When a beam of white light or composite light is refracted through any transparent media such as glass or water, it is split into its component colours. This phenomenon is called as‘dispersion of light’.

Question 25.
(i) Three resistors of resistance 5 ohm, 3 ohm and 2 ohm are connected in series with 10 V battery. Calculate their effective resistance and the current flowing through the circuit.
Answer:
R₁ = 5 Ω, R₂ = 3 Ω, R₃ = 2 Ω, V = 10 V
R_s = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
= 5 + 3 + 2= 10 Ω
Hence Rs = 10 Ω
The current, I = \(\frac{V}{R_{s}}=\frac{10}{10}\) = IA

(ii) An alloy of nickel and chromium is used as the heating element. Why?
Answer:
An alloy of nickel and chromium is used as the heating element. Because:

• It has high resistivity
• It has a high melting point
• It is not easily oxidized.

Question 26.
State and explain the applications of Avogadro’s law.
Answer:
Avogadro’s law : Equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain an equal number of molecules.
Applications of Avogadro’s law:

• It is used to determine the atomicity of gases.
• It is helpful in determining the molecular formula of gaseous compounds.
• It establishes the relationship between the vapour density and molecular mass of a gas.
• It gives the value of molar volume of gases at STP.
  Molar volume of a gas at STP = 22.4 litres.
• It explains Gay lussac’s law effectively.

Question 27.
Explain the types of double displacement reactions with examples.
Answer:
There are two major classes of double displacement reactions. They are,
(i) Precipitation Reactions:
When aqueous solutions of two compounds are mixed, if they react to form an insoluble compound and a soluble compound, then it is called precipitation reaction.
pb(NO₃)_2(aq) + 2KI_(aq) → PbI_2(s) ↓+ 2KNO_3(aq)

(ii) Neutralisation Reactions:
Another type of displacement reaction in which the acid reacts with the base to form a salt and water. It is called ‘neutralisation reaction’ as both acid and base neutralize each other.
NaOH_(aq) + HCl_1(aq) → NaCl_(aq) + H₂O_(l)

Question 28.
(i) Explain the structure of an atom bomb.
Answer:
Principle:

• Uncontrolled chain reaction
• Release large amount of energy in short time

Structure:

• Fissile material whose mass is sub – critical.
• Cylindrical fissile material is fit into void.
• Cylinder is injected into the void, using conventional explosive
• Two pieces together to form super – critical mass, leads to explosion.
• Tremendous amount of energy is released in the form of heat, light and radiation.
• γ radiation, affects the living creatures
• This type of atom bombs were exploded at Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan during Second World War.

(ii) Calculate the pH of 1.0 × 10^-4 molar solution of HNO3.
Answer:
[H⁺] = 1.0 × 10^-4 m, pH = ?
pH = – log₁₀ [H⁺]
= – log₁₀ 1 × 10^-4
[M⁺] = – log₁₀ ¹– log₁₀ 10^-4
= 0 – (-4) log₁₀ ¹⁰   ∴ log₁₀ ¹⁰ = 1
= 4 × 1
pH =4

Question 29.
With a neat labelled diagram explain the structure of a neuron.
Answer:

A neuron or nerve cell is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. It consists of Cyton, Dendrites and Axon.

(a) Cyton: Cyton has a central nucleus with the abundant – cytoplasm called neuroplasm. The cytoplasm has large granular body called Nissel’s granules and the other cell organelles like mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum.

(b) Dendrites: These are the numerous branched cytoplasmic processes, that project from the surface of the cell body. They conduct nerve impulses, towards the cyton.

(c) Axon: The axon is a single, elongated, slender projection. The end of axon terminates as fine branches, which terminate into knob like swellings called synaptic knob. The plasma membrane of axon is called axolemma, while the cytoplasm is called axoplasm. It carries impulses away from the cyton.

The axon may be covered by a protein sheath called myelin sheath, which is further covered by a layer of Schwann cells called Neurilemma. Myelin sheath breaks at intervals, by depressions called Nodes of Ranvier. The region between the nodes is called as internode.

Question 30.
(i) What are the various routes by which transmission of human immuno deficiency virus takes place?
Answer:
AIDS is not transmitted by touch or any physical contact. HIV is generally transmitted by

• Sexual contact with infected person.
• Use of contaminated or infected blood or blood products, needles or syringes.
• By the use of contaminated needles or syringes.
• From infected mother to her child through placenta.

(ii) Name three improved characteristics of wheat that helped India to achieve high productivity.
Answer:

• High yielding
• Semi-dwarf
• Fertilizer responsive

Question 31.
(i) Kavitha gave birth to a female baby. Her family members say that she can give birth to only female babies because of her family history. Is the statement given by her family members true. Justify your answer.
Answer:
No, the statement is not true. Sex determination is a chance of probability as to which category of sperm fuses with egg.
If the egg [X] is fused by the X-bearing sperm, an XX individual (female) is produced.

If the egg [X] is fused by the Y-bearing sperm an XY individual (male) is produced.

The sperm, produced by the father, determines the sex of the child. The mother is not responsible in determining the sex of the child.

(ii) Who discovered Rh factor? Why was it named so?
Answer:
The Rh factor was discovered by Landsteiner and Wiener in 1940 in Rhesus monkey. Hence the name Rh factor.

Question 32.
Describe and name three stages of cellular respiration that aerobic organisms use to obtain energy?
Answer:
Stages of cellular respiration
(i) Glycolysis: It takes place in cytoplasm of the cell. It is the break down of one molecule of Glucose (6 Carbon) into two molecules of Pyruvic acid (3 Carbon).

(ii) Kreb’s cycle: This occurs in mitochondria matrix. During this cycle, oxidation of pyruvic acid result into CO₂ and water.

(iii) Electron transport chain(ETC):
ETC is located on the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

(a) NADH₂ and FADH₂ molecules formed during Glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle are oxidised to NAD⁺ and FAD⁺ to release the energy via electrons.

(b) The electrons, as they move through the system, release energy which is trapped by ADP to synthesize ATP. This is called Oxidative Phosphorylation. During this process, oxygen which is the acceptor of electrons get reduced to water.

Part – IV

(1) Answer all the questions. [3 × 7 = 21]
(2) Each question carries seven marks.
(3) Draw diagram wherever necessary.

Question 33.
(a) (i) State Newton’s third law of motion.
Answer:
‘For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. They always act on two different bodies’.

(ii) Deduce the equation of a force using Newton’s second law of motion.
Answer:
“The force acting on a body is directly proportional to the rate of change of linear momentum of the body and the change in momentum takes place in the direction of the force”.
Let, ‘m’ be the mass of a moving body, moving along a straight line with an initial speed ‘u’. After a time interval of ‘t’ the velocity of the body changes to ‘v’ due to the impact of an unbalanced external force F.

Initial momentum of the body P_i = mu
Final momentum of the body P_f = mv
Change in momentum Δp = P_f – P_i
= mv – mu

By Newton’s second law of motion,
Force, F ∝ rate of change of momentum
F ∝ change in momentum / time
F ∝ \(\frac{m v-m u}{t}\)
F = \(\frac{k m(v-u)}{t}\)

Here, k is the proportionality constant, k = 1 in all systems of units. Hence,
F = \(\frac{m(v-u)}{t}\)
Since, acceleration = change in velocity / time, a = (v – u)/t. Hence, we have
F = m × a
Force = mass × acceleration

• No external force is required to maintain the motion of a body moving with uniform velocity.
• When the net force acting on a body is not equal to zero, then definitely the velocity of the body will change.
• Thus, change in momentum takes place in the direction of the force. The change may take place either in magnitude or in direction or in both.

[OR]

(b) A piece of wire of resistance 10 ohm is drawn out so that its length is increased to three times its original length. Calculate the new resistance.
Answer:
Specific resistance (ρ) = \(\frac{\mathrm{RA}}{l}\)
R = \(\frac{\rho l}{\mathrm{A}}\)
When the length is increased by three and then the area of cross section is reduced by three
Resistance of wire R = 10 Ω
New resistance R’ = \(\frac{\rho(3 l)}{(A / 3)}\)
= ρ (3l) x \(\frac{3}{\mathrm{A}}\)
R’ = \(\frac{9 \rho l}{\mathrm{A}}\)
R’ = 9 x R = 9 x 10
R’ = 90 Ω

Question 34.
(a) (i) Calculate the mass of the 0.023 x 10²⁰ molecules of H₂O.
Answer:
Molecular mass of H₂O = H × 2 + 0 × 1
= 1 × 2 + 16 × 1
= 2 + 16 = 18

= 10 × 18
Mass of an atom = 0.018 g

(ii) Calculate the moles of 12 g of magnesium.
Answer:
Number of moles = \(\frac{\text { Given mass }}{\text { molecular mass }}\)
= \(\frac{12}{24}=\frac{1}{2}\) = 0.5
∴ 12 g magnesium makes 0.5 moles.

(iii) Calculate the number of molecules present in 50 g of Fe.
Answer:

= 5.387 × 1023
∴ 50 g Fe contain 5.387 × 10²³ atoms/molecules

[OR]

(b) Explain smelting process..
Answer:
Smelting: The charge consisting of roasted ore, coke and limestone in the ratio 8 : 4 : 1 is smelted in a blast furnace by introducing it through the cup and cone arrangement at the top.
There are three important regions in the furnace.

(a) The Lower Region (Combustion Zone): The temperature is at 1500°C. In this region, coke bums
with oxygen to form CO₂ when the charge comes in contact with a hot blast of air.

It is an exothermic reaction since heat is liberated.

(b) The middle region (Fusion Zone): The temparature prevails at 1000° C. In this region, CO₂ is reduced to CO.

Limestone decomposes to calcium oxide and CO₂

These two reactions are endothermic due to absorption of heat. Calcium oxide combines with silica to form calcium silicate slag.
CaO + SiO₂ → CaSiO₃

(c) The Upper Region (Reduction Zone): The temperature prevails at 400°C . In this region carbon monoxide reduces ferric oxide to form a fairly pure spongy iron.

The molten iron is collected at the bottom of the furnace after removing the slag.
The iron thus formed is called pig iron. It is remelted and cast into different moulds. This iron is called cast iron.

Question 35.
(a) (i) Write any two physiological effects of ethylene.
Answer:
Physiological effects of ethylene:

• It promotes the ripening of fruits. E.g., Tomato, Apple, Mango, Banana, etc.
• It breaks the dormancy of buds,seeds and storage organs.

(ii) What is Autogamy?
Answer:
Autogamy or self pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of same flower or another flower borne on the same plant. Eg. Hibiscus.

(iii) How will you prevent soil erosion?
Answer:
Prevention of soil erosion:

• Retain vegetation cover, so that soil is not exposed.
• Cattle grazing should be controlled.
• Crop rotation and soil management improve soil organic matter.
• Run off water should be stored in the catchment.
• Reforestation, terracing and contour ploughing.
• Wind speed can be controlled by planting trees in the form of a shelter belt.

[OR]

(b) (i) How do you differentiate Homologous organs from Analogous organs.
Answer:

(ii) Why are the rings of cartilage found in trachea of rabbit?
Answer:
The tracheal walls of rabbit are supported by rings of cartilage which help in the free passage of air.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Model Question Paper 3 English Medium Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Model Question Papers helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Model Question Paper 3 English Medium

Instructions

• The question paper comprises of four parts.
• You are to attempt all the parts. An internal choice of questions is provided wherever applicable.
• All questions of Part I, II, III and IV are to be attempted separately.
• Question numbers 1 to 14 in Part I are Multiple Choice Quèstions of one-mark each. These are to be answered by choosing the most suitable answer from the given four alternatives and.writing the option code and the corresponding answer.
• Question numbers 15 to 28 in Part II àre two-marks questions. These are to be answered in about one or two sentences.
• Question numbers 29 to 42 in Part III are five-marks questions. These are to be answered in about three to five short sentences.
• Question numbers 43 to 44 in Part IV are eight-marks questions. These are to be answered in detail. Draw diagrams wherever necessary.

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 100

PART – I

I. Choose the correct answer. Answer all the questions. [14 × 1 = 14]

Question 1.
A = {a, b, p}, B = {2, 3}, C = {p, q, r, 5} then n[(A ∪ C) × B] is ……………. .
(1) 8
(2) 20
(3) 12
(4) 16
Answer:
(3) 12

Question 2.
If a, b, c are in G.P., then \(\frac{a-b}{b-c}\) is equal to ……………. .
(1) \(\frac{a}{b}\)
(2) \(\frac{b}{a}\)
(3) \(\frac{a}{c}\)
(4) \(\frac{c}{b}\)
Answer:
(1) \(\frac{a}{b}\)

Question 3.
If k + 2, 4k – 6, 3k – 2 are the 3 consecutive terms of an A.P, then the value of k is ……………. .
(1) 2
(2) 3
(3) 4
(4) 5
Answer:
(2) 3

Question 4.
If (x – 6) is the HCF of x² – 2x – 24 and x² – kx – 6 then the value of k is ……………. .
(1) 3
(2) 5
(3) 6
(4) 8
Answer:
(2) 5

Question 5.
If A is a 2 × 3 matrix and B is a 3 × 4 matrix, how many columns does AB have ……………. .
(1) 3
(2) 4
(3) 2
(4) 5
Answer:
(2) 4

Question 6.
In a ∆ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠BAC. If AB = 8 cm, BD = 6 cm and DC = 3 cm. The length of the side AC is ……………. .
(1) 6 cm
(2) 4 cm
(3) 3 cm
(4) 8 cm
Answer:
(2) 4 cm

Question 7.
(2, 1) is the point of intersection of two lines.
(1) x – y – 3 = 0; 3x – y – 7 = 0
(2) x + y = 3; 3x + y = 7
(3) 3x + y = 3; x + y = 7
(4) x + 3y – 3 = 0; x – y – 1 = 0
Answer:
(2) x + y = 3; 3x + y = 7

Question 8.
If the ratio of the height of a tower and the length of its shadow is √3 : 1 , then the angle of elevation of the sun has measure ……………. .
(1) 45°
(2) 30°
(3) 90°
(4) 60°
Answer:
(4) 60°

Question 9.
A spherical ball of radius r₁ units is melted to make 8 new identical balls each of radius r₂ units. Then r₁ : r₂ is ……………. .
(1) 2:1
(2) 1:2
(3) 4:1
(4) 1:4
Answer:
(1) 2:1

Question 10.
The standard deviation of a data is 3. If each value is multiplied by 5 then the new variance is ……………. .
(1) 3
(2) 15
(3) 5
(4) 225
Answer:
(4) 225

Question 11.
A page is selected at random from a book. The probability that the digit at units place of the page number chosen is less than 7 is ……………. .
(1) \(\frac { 3 }{ 10 }\)
(2) \(\frac { 7 }{ 10 }\)
(3) \(\frac { 3 }{ 9 }\)
(4) \(\frac { 7 }{ 9 }\)
Answer:
(2) \(\frac { 7 }{ 10 }\)

Question 12.
The range of the relation R = {(x, x³)/x} is a prime number less than 13} is ……………. .
(1) {2,3,5,7,11}
(2) {4,9,25,49, 121}
(3) {8, 27,125, 343,1331}
(4) {1, 8, 27, 125, 343, 1331}
Answer:
(3) {8, 27,125, 343,1331}

Question 13.
If 1 + 2 + 3 + …. + n = k then 1³ + 2³ + 3³ + ……… n³ is equal to ……………. .
(1) K²
(2) K³
(3) \(\frac{k(k+1)}{2}\)
(4) (k + 1)K³
Answer:
(1) K²

Question 14.
Two dice are thrown simultaneously. The probability of getting a doublet is ……………. .
(1) \(\frac { 1 }{ 36 }\)
(2) \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\)
(3) \(\frac { 1 }{ 6 }\)
(4) \(\frac { 2 }{ 3 }\)
Answer:
(3) \(\frac { 1 }{ 6 }\)

PART-II

II. Answer any ten questions. Question No. 28 is compulsory. [10 × 2 = 20]

Question 15.
ARelation R is given by the set {{x,y)/y = x + 3, x ∈ {0,1,2,3,4,5}}. Determine its domain and range.
Answer:
x = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and y = x + 3
when x = 0 ⇒ y = 0 + 3 = 3
when x = 1 ⇒ y = 1 + 3 = 4 .
when x = 2 ⇒ y = 2 + 3 = 5
when x = 3 ⇒ y = 3 + 3 = 6
whenx = 4 ⇒ y = 4 + 3 = 7
when x = 5 ⇒ y = 5 + 3 = 8
R = {(0, 3) (1, 4) (2, 5) (3, 6) (4, 7) (5, 8)}
Domain = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Range = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

Question 16.
Let f = {(-1,3), (0, -1), (2, – 9)} be a linear function from Z to Z. Find f(x).
Answer:
The linear equation is f(x) = ax + b
f(-1) = 3
a(-1) + b = 3
-a + b = 3 ….(1)
f(0) = -1
a(0) + b = -1
0 + b = -1
b = -1
Substitute the value of b = -1 in (1)
– a – 1 = 3
– a = 3 + 1 ⇒ – a = 4
a = -4
∴ The linear equation is -4(x) -1 = -4x – 1 (or) – (4x + 1)

Question 17.
Solve 8x = 1 (mod 11)
Answer:
8x ≡ 1 (mod 11) can be written as 8x – 1 = 11k, for some integer k.
x = \(\frac{11 k+1}{8}\)
When we put k = 5, 13, 21, 29,… . then 11 k + 1 is divisible by 8.
x = \(\frac{11 \times 5+1}{8}\) = 7
x = \(\frac{11 \times 13+1}{8}\) = 18
Therefore, the solutions are 7,18,29,40, …….

Question 18.
How many terms of the series 1³ + 2³ + 3³ +………..  should be taken to get the sum 14400?
Answer:
1³ + 2³ + 3³ +. . . + n³ = 14400
\(\left[\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\right]^{2}\) = 14400
\(\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\) = √14400
\(\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\) = 120 ⇒ n² + n = 240
n² + n – 240 =0

(n + 16) (n – 15) =0
(n + 16) = 0 or (n – 15) = 0
n = -16 or n = 15 (Negative will be omitted)
∴ The number of terms taken is 15

Question 19.
Given the L.C.M and G.C.D of the two polynomials are a³ – 10a² + 11a + 70 and a – 7, the polynomial p(x) is a² – 12a + 35 then find q(x).
Answer:

L.C.M. = a³ – 10a² + 11a + 70
= (a – 7) (a² – 3a – 10)

= (a – 7) (a – 5) (a + 2)
G.C.D. = (a – 7)

p(x) = a² – 12a + 35
= (a – 5) (a – 7)
q(x) = \(\frac{\mathrm{LCM} \times \mathrm{GCD}}{p(x)}\)
= \(\frac{(a-7)(a-5)(a+2) \times(a-7)}{(a-5)(a-7)}\)
q(x) = (a + 2) (a – 7)

Question 20.
Find the square root of 9x² – 24xy + 30xz – 40yz + 25z² + 16y²
Answer:
\(\sqrt{9 x^{2}-24 x y+30 x z-40 y z+25 z^{2}+16 y^{2}}\)
= \(\sqrt{(3 x)^{2}+(4 y)^{2}+(5 z)^{2}-2(3 x)(4 y)-2(4 y)(5 z)+2(3 x)(5 z)}\)
= \(\sqrt{(3 x-4 y+5 z)^{2}}\) [using (a – b + c)² = a² + b² + c² – 2ab – 2bc + 2ca]
= |3x – 4y + 5z|

Question 21.
Construct a 3 × 3 matrix whose elements are a_ij = i² j²
Answer:
The general 3 × 3 matrix is given by A = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} { a }_{ 11 } & { a }_{ 12 } & { a }_{ 13 } \\ { a }_{ 21 } & { a }_{ 22 } & { a }_{ 23 } \\ { a }_{ 31 } & { a }_{ 32 } & { a }_{ 33 } \end{matrix} \right]\) a_ij = i² j²

a₁₁ = 1² × 1² = 1 × 1 = 1;
a₁₂ = 1² × 2² = 1 × 4 = 4;
a₁₃ = 1² × 3² = 1 × 9 = 9;

a₂₁ = 2² × 1² = 4 × 1 = 4;
a₂₂ = 2² × 2² = 4 × 4 = 16;
a₂₃ = 2² × 3² = 4 × 9 = 36;

a₃₁ = 3² × 1² = 9 × 1 = 1;
a₃₂ = 3² × 2² = 9 × 4 = 36;
a₃₃ = 3² × 3² = 9 × 9 = 81;
Hence the required matrix is A = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 4 & 9 \\ 4 & 16 & 36 \\ 9 & 36 & 81 \end{matrix} \right] \)

Question 22.
An artist has created a triangular stained glass window and has one strip of small length left before completing the window. She needs to figure out the length of left out portion based on the lengths of the other sides as shown in the figure.
Answer:
Given that AE = 3 cm, EC = 4 cm, CD = 10 cm, DB = 3 cm, AF = 5 cm.
Let FB be x
Using Ceva’s theorem we have

\(\frac{A E}{E C} \times \frac{C D}{D B} \times \frac{B F}{A F}=1\)
\(\frac{3}{4} \times \frac{10}{3} \times \frac{x}{5}=1\) \(\Rightarrow \frac{2 x}{4}=1\)
2x = 4 ⇒ x = \(\frac{4}{2}\) = 2
The value of BF = 2

Question 23.
Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (-3, 5), (5, 6) and (5, -2)
Answer:
Plot the points in a rough diagram and take them in counter-clockwise order. Let the vertices be A(-3,5), B(5,-2), C(5,6)
The area of ∆ABC is

= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) {(x₁y₂ + x₂y₃ + x₃y₁) – (x₂y₁ + x₃y₂ + x₁ y₃)}
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) {(6 + 30 + 25) – (25 – 10 – 18)}
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) {(61 + 3)}
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) (64) = 32 sq. units

Question 24.
From the top of a rock 50 √3 m high, the angle of depression of a car on the ground is observed to be 30°. Find the distance of the car from the rock.
Answer:

Let the distance of the car from the rock is “x” m
In the right ∆ ABC, tan 30° = \(\frac{A B}{B C}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{50 \sqrt{3}}{x}\)
X = 50 √3 × √3 = 50 × 3
= 150 m
∴ Distance of the car from the rock =150 m

Question 25.
If n = 5, x̄ = 6, Σx² = 765, then calculate the coefficient of variation.
Answer:
Standard deviation (σ) = \(\sqrt{\frac{\Sigma x^{2}}{n}-\left(\frac{\Sigma x}{n}\right)^{2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{765}{5}-(6)^{2}}=\sqrt{153-36}=\sqrt{117}\)
σ = 10.816
Coefficient of variation = \(\frac{\sigma}{\bar{x}} \times 100 \%\)
= \(\frac{10.816}{6} \times 100 \%\) = 180.266%
Coefficient of variation = 180. 27%

Question 26.
The roots of the equation x² + 6x – 4 = 0 are α, β. Find the quadratic equation whose roots are \(\frac{2}{\alpha}\) and \(\frac{2}{\beta}\).
Answer:
α and β are the roots of x² + 6x – 4 = 0
α + β = -6 ; αβ = -4
Sum of the roots = \(\frac{2}{\alpha}+\frac{2}{\beta}\)
\(\frac{2 \beta+2 \alpha}{\alpha \beta}=\frac{2(\alpha+\beta)}{\alpha \beta}=\frac{2(-6)}{-4}\)
= 3
Product of the roots = \(\frac{2}{\alpha} \times \frac{2}{\beta}=\frac{4}{\alpha \beta}\)
= \(\frac{4}{-4}=-1\)
The quadratic equation is x² – (sum of the roots) x + product of the roots = 0
∴ x² – 3x – 1 = 0 .

Question 27.
If the points A(2, 5), B(4, 6) and C(8, a) are collinear, find the value of “a” using slope concept.
Answer:
Since the three points are collinear
Slope of line = \(\frac{y_{2}-y_{1}}{x_{2}-x_{1}}\)
Slope of AB = Slope of BC
\(\frac{6-5}{4-2}=\frac{a-6}{8-4}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}=\frac{a-6}{4}\)
2a – 12 = 4 ⇒ 2a = 16
a = \(\frac{16}{2}\) = 8
The value of a = 8

Question 28.
The king, Queen and Jack of clubs are removed from a deck of 52 playing cards and the remaining cards are shuffled. A card is drawn from the remaining cards, find the probability of getting (i) a card of clubs (ii) a queen of diamond
Answer:
Sample space (S) = (52 – 3) = 49
n (S) = 49
(i) Let A be the event of getting a card of clubs.
n(A) = (13 – 3) = 10
P(A) = \(\frac{n(\mathrm{A})}{n(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{10}{49}\)
(ii) Let B be the event of getting a queen of diamond
n (B) = 1
P(B) = \(\frac{n(\mathrm{B})}{n(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{1}{49}\)

PART-III

III. Answer any ten questions. Question No. 42 is compulsory. [10 × 5 = 50]

Question 29.
Find x if gff (x) = fgg (x), given f(x) = 3x + 1 and g(x) = x + 3.
Answer:
gff(x) = g [f {f{x)}} (This means “g of f of f of x”)
= g[f(3x + 1)] = g[3(3x + 1) + 1] = g(9x + 4)
g (9x + 4) = [ (9x + 4) + 3] = 9x + 7
fgg (x) = f[g{g (x)}] (This means “f of g of g of x”)
= f[g(x + 3)] = f[(x + 3) + 3] = f(x + 6)
f(x + 6) = [3(x + 6) + 1] = 3x + 19
These two quantities being equal, we get 9x + 7 = 3x + 19. Solving this equation we obtain x = 2.

Question 30.
Let A = {-l,l}and B = {0,2}. If the function f : A → B defined by f(x) = ax + b is an onto function? Find a and b.
Answer:
A = {-1, 1}; B = {0,2}
f(x) = ax + b
0 = -a + b
a – b = 0 …….. (1)
f(1) = a(1) + b
2 = a + b
a + b = 2 ………. (2)
Solving (1) and (2) we get

Substitute a = 1 in (1)
1 – b = 0 ⇒ -b = -1 ⇒ 6 = 1
The value of a = 1 and b = 1

Question 31.
Priya earned ₹15,000 in the first month. Thereafter her salary increases by ₹1500 per year. Her expenses are ₹13,000 during the first year and the expenses increases by ₹900 per year. How long will it take her to save ₹20,000 per month.
Answer:

Monthly savings form an A.P.
2000, 2600, 3200 ….
a = 2000 ; d = 2600 – 2000 = 600
Given t_n = 20,000
t_n = a + (n – 1) d
20000 = 2000 + (n – 1) 600
20000 = 2000 + 600n – 600
= 1400 + 600n
20000 – 1400 = 600n
1860o = 600n
n = \(\frac{18600}{600}\) = 31
He will take 31 years to save ₹20,000 per month

Question 32.
Find the sum to n terms of the series 0.4 + 0.44 + 0.444 + ……… to n terms
Answer:

Question 33.
Find the GCD of 6x³ – 30x² + 60x – 48 and 3x³ – 12x² + 21x – 18.
Answer:
Let, f(x) = 6x³ – 30x² + 60x – 48 = 6(x³ – 5x² + 10x – 8) and
g(x) = 3x³ – 12x² + 21x – 18 = 3(x³ – 4x² + 7x – 6)
Now, we shall find the GCD of x³ – 5x² + 10x – 8 and x³ – 4x² + 7x – 6

Here, we get zero as remainder.
GCD of leading coeffients 3 and 6 is 3
Thus GCD
[(6x³ – 30x² + 60x – 48, 3x³ – 12x² + 21x – 18)] = 3(x – 2)

Question 34.
If the roots of the equation (c² – ab)x² – 2(a² – bc)x + b² – ac = 0 are real and equal prove that either a = 0 (or) a³ + b³ + c³ = 3abc
Answer:
(c² – ab)x² – 2(a² – bc)x + b² – ac = 0
Here a = c² – ab ; b = -2 (a² – bc) ; c = b² – ac
Since the roots are real and equal
Δ = b² – 4ac
[-2 (a² – bc)]² – 4(c² – ab) (b² – ac) = 0
4(a² – bc)² – 4[c ²b² – ac³ – ab³+ a²bc] = 0
Divided by 4 we get
(a² – bc)² [c²b² – ac³ – ab² + a²bc] = 0
a⁴ + b²c² – 2a²bc – c²b² + ac³ + ab³ – a²bc = 0
a⁴ + ab³ + ac³ – 3a²bc = 0
a(a³ +b³ + c³) = 3a²bc
a³ + b³ + c³ = \(\frac{3 a^{2} b c}{a}\)
a³ + b³ + c³ = 3abc
Hence it is proved

Question 35.
ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AB = AD, the bisector of ∠BAC and ∠CAD intersect the sides BC and CD at the points E and F respectively. Prove that EF || BD.
Answer:

ABCD is a quadrilateral. AB = AD.
AE and AF are the internal bisector of ∠BAC and ∠DAC.
To prove: EF || BD.
Construction: Join EF and BD
Proof: In ∆ ABC, AE is the internal bisector of ∠BAC.
By Angle bisector theorem, we have,
∴ \(\frac{A B}{A C}=\frac{B E}{E C}\) …….. (1)
In ∆ ADC, AF is the internal bisector of ∠DAC
By Angle bisector theorem, we have,
\(\frac{A D}{A C}=\frac{D F}{F C}\)
∴ \(\frac{A B}{A C}=\frac{D F}{F C}\) (AB = AD given) …….. (2)
From (1) and (2), we get
\(\frac{B E}{E C}=\frac{D F}{F C}\)
Hence In ∆ BCD,
BD || EF (By converse of BPT)

Question 36.
Find the equation of a straight line passing through (1,-4) and has intercepts which are in the ratio 2:5
Answer:
Let the x-intercept be 2a and the y intercept 5a .
The equation of a line is \(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{a}=1 \Rightarrow \frac{x}{2 a}+\frac{y}{5 a}=1\)
The line passes through the point (1, -A)
\(\frac{1}{2 a}+\frac{(-4)}{5 a}=1 \Rightarrow \frac{1}{2 a}-\frac{4}{5 a}=1\)
Multiply by 10a
(L.C.M of 2a and 5a is 10a)
5 – 8 = 10a ⇒ -3 = 10a .
a = \(\frac{-3}{10}\)
The equation of the line is \(\frac{x}{2(-3 / 10)}+\frac{y}{5(-3 / 10)}=1\)
\(\frac{x}{-3 / 5}+\frac{y}{-3 / 2}=1 \Rightarrow \frac{5 x}{-3}+\frac{2 y}{-3}=1\)
\(\frac{-5 x}{3}-\frac{2 y}{3}=1\)
Multiply by 3
-5x – 2y = 3 ⇒ -5x – 2y – 3 = 0
5x + 2y + 3 = 0
The equation of a line is 5x + 2y + 3 = 0

Question 37.
If \(\frac{\cos \theta}{1+\sin \theta}=\frac{1}{a}\), then prove that \(\frac{a^{2}-1}{a^{2}+1}\) = sin θ
Answer:

Question 38.
A toy is in the shape of a cylinder surmounted by a hemisphere. The height of the toy is 25 cm. Find the total surface area of the toy if its common diameter is 12 cm.
Answer:

Let r and h be the radius and height of the cylinder respectively.
Given that, diameter d = 12 cm, radius r = 6 cm
Total height of the toy is 25 cm
Therefore, height of the cylindrical portion = 25 – 6 = 19 cm
T.S.A. of the toy = C.S.A. of the cylinder + C.S.A. of the hemisphere + Base Area of the cylinder
= 2πrh + 2πr² + πr²
= πr(2h + 3r) sq.unis
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) × 6(38 + 18)
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) × 6 × 56 = 1056
Therefore, T.S.A. of the toy is 1056 cm²

Question 39.
A coin is tossed thrice. Find the probability of getting exactly two heads or atleast one tail or two consecutive heads.
Answer:
Sample space = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
n (S) = 8
Let A be the event of getting exactly two heads.
A = {HHT, HTH, THH}
n(A) = 3
P(A) = \(\frac{n(\mathrm{A})}{n(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{3}{8}\)
Let B be the event of getting atleast one tail
B = {HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
n(B) = 7
P(B) = \(\frac{n(\mathrm{B})}{n(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{7}{8}\)
Let C be the event of getting consecutively
C = {HHH, HHT, THH}
n(C) = 3
P(C) = \(\frac{n(\mathrm{C})}{n(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{3}{8}\)
A ∩ B = { HHT, HTH, THH}
n(A ∩ B) = 3
p(A ∩ B) = \(\frac{n(\mathrm{A} \cap \mathrm{B})}{n(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{3}{8}\)
B ∩ C = {HHT, THH}
n(B ∩ C) = 2
p(B ∩ C) = \(\frac{n(\mathrm{B} \cap \mathrm{C})}{n(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{2}{8}\)
A ∩ C = {HHT, THH}
n(A ∩ C) = 2
P(A ∩ C) = \(\frac{n(\mathrm{A} \cap \mathrm{C})}{n(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{2}{8}\)
(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 2
P(A ∩ B ∩ C) = \(\frac{n(\mathrm{A} \cap \mathrm{B} \cap \mathrm{C})}{n(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{2}{8}\)
P(A∪B∪C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) -P(A ∩ B) – p(B ∩ C) – P(A ∩ C) + P(A∩B∩C)
\(=\frac{3}{8}+\frac{7}{8}+\frac{3}{8}-\frac{3}{8}-\frac{2}{8}-\frac{2}{8}+\frac{2}{8}\)
\(=\frac{3}{8}+\frac{7}{8}-\frac{2}{8}\)
\(=\frac{10-2}{8}=\frac{8}{8}\) = 1
The probability is 1

Question 40.
The following table show the marks obtained by 48 students in a quiz competition in mathematics calculate the standard deviation.
Answer:

Ans.
Let us form the following table using given data

Question 41.
A tent is in the shape of a cylinder surmounted by a conical top. If the height and diameter of the cylindrical part are 2.1 m and 4m, and slant height of the top is 2.8 m, find the area of the canvas used for making the tent. Also find the cost of canvas of the tent at the rate of ₹500 per m².
Answer:

For conical portion
Radius (r) = 2m
Slant height (l) = 2.8 m
For cylindrical portion
Radius (R) = 2m
Height (H) = 2.1 m
Area of canvas used for the tent = Curved surface area of a cone + curved area of the cylinder
= πrl + 2πRH
= π(2 × 2.8 + 2 × 2 × 2.1)
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) (5.6+ 8.4)
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) × 14 sq.m
= 44 sq. m
Cost of the canvas at the rate of ₹500 per m² = ₹ 500 × 44
= ₹ 22000

Question 42.
Seven years ago Ramkumar’s age was five time the square of Daniel’s age. Three years hence Daniel age will be two fifth of Ramkumar’s age. Find their present ages.
Answer:
Seven years ago, let Daniel’s age be x years
Seven years ago, Ramkumar age was 5x² years
Daniel’s present age = (x + 7) year
Ramkumar’s present age = 5x² + 7 years
Three years hence
Daniel’s age = (x + 7 + 3) year = (x + 10) years
Ramkumar’s age = (5x² + 7 + 3) year = (5x² + 10) years
By the given condition
x + 10 = \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) (5x² +10)
5x + 50 = 10x² + 20
10x² – 5x – 30 = 0
2x² – x – 6 = 0
2x² – 4x + 3x – 6 = 0
2x (x – 2) + 3(x – 2) = 0
(x – 2) (2x + 3) = 0
x – 2 = 0 or 2x + 3 = 0
x = 2 or x = \(\frac { -3 }{ 2 }\)
∴ x = 2 (age will not be negative)
Hence Daniel age = 9 years (2 + 7)
Ramkumar’s age = 27 years [5(2)² + 7]

PART – IV

IV. Answer all the questions. [2 × 8 = 16]

Question 43.
(a) Construct a ∆PQR in which PQ = 8 cm, ∠R = 60° and the median RG from R to PQ is 5.8 cm. Find the length of the altitude from R to PQ.
Answer:


Step 1 : Draw a line segment PQ = 8 cm.
Step 2 : At P, draw PE such that ∠QPE = 60°.
Step 3 : At P, draw PF such that ∠EPF = 90°.
Step 4 : Draw the perpendicular bisector to PQ, which intersects PF at O and PQ at G.
Step 5 : With O as centre and OP as radius draw a circle.
Step 6 : From G mark arcs of radius 5.8 cm on the circle. Mark them as R and S.
Step 7 : Join PR and RQ. Then ∆PQR is the required triangle.
Step 8 : From R draw a line RN perpendicular to LQ.
LQ meets RN at M
Step 9: The length of the altitude is RM = 3.5 cm.

[OR]

(b) Draw the two tangents from a point which is 5 cm away from the centre of a circle of diameter 6 cm. Also, measure the lengths of the tangents.
Answer:
Radius = 3cm, Distance = 5 cm.


Steps of construction:

1. With O as centre, draw a circle of radius 3 cm.
2. Draw a line OP = 5 cm.
3. Draw a perpendicular bisector of OP, which cuts OP at M.
4. With M as centre and MO as radius draw a circle which cuts previous circles at A and B.
5. Join AP and BP, AP and BP are the required tangents.
   The length of the tangent PA = PB = 4 cm

Verification: In the right angle triangle OAP
PA² = OP² – OA²
= 5² – 3² .
= 25 – 9 = 16
PA = √l6 = 4 cm
Length of the tangent = 4 cm

Question 44.
(a) Draw the graph of y = (x – 1) (x + 3) and hence solve x² – x – 6 = 0
Answer:
y = (x – 1) (x + 3)
y = x² + 2x – 3
(i) Draw the graph of y = x² + 2x – 3 by preparing the table of values given below.

(ii) Plot the points (-4, 5), (-3, 0), (-2, -3), (-1, -4), (0, -3), (1, 0), (2, 5), (3, 12) and (4, 21) on the graph sheet using suitable scale.
(iii) To solve x² – x – 6 = 0 subtract x² – x – 6 = 0 from y = x² + 2x – 3

(iv) Draw the graph of y = 3x + 3 by preparing the table.

(v) The straight line cuts the curve at (-2, -3) and (3, 12). Draw perpendicular lines from the point to X – axis.
The line cut the X – axis at -2 and 3.
The solution set is (-2, 3)

[OR]

(b) Draw the graph of y = x² +x and hence solve x² + 1=0
Answer:
Let y = x² + x
(i) Draw the graph of y = x² + x by preparing the table.

(ii) Plot the points (-4, 12), (-3, 6), (-2, 2), (-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 2), (2, 6), (3, 12) and (4, 20).
(iii) Join the points by a free hand to get smooth curve.
(iv) To solve x² + 1 = 0, subtract x² + 1 = 0 from x² + x we get.

The equation represent a straight line. Draw a line y = x – 1

Observe the graph of y = x² + 1 does not interset the parabola y = x² + x This x² + 1 has no real roots.