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Students can Download Computer Applications Chapter 10 Introduction to Computer Networks Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 10 Introduction to Computer Networks

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Introduction to Computer Networks Text Book Back Questions and Answers

PART – I
I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
A set of computers connecting together is called as …………………………
(a) Network
(b) Server
(c) Hub
(d) Node
Answer:
(a) Network

Question 2.
Computer network devices that originates route and terminate the data were called as ………………………………
(a) Hub
(b) Resource
(c) Node
(d) Cable
Answer:
(c) Node

Question 3.
Match the period and methods available on history of computer networking in the Internet
1.1950 – (a) X.25 TCP/IP
2. 1966 – (b) SAGE
3. 1976 – (c) WAN
4. 1972 – (d) ARCNET
(a) 1 -(d) 2-(c) 3-(b) 4-(d)
(b) 1 -(c) 2-(d) 3-(b) A-(a)
(c) 1-(a) 2-(b) 3-(c) 4-(d)
(d) 1-(b) 2-(c) 3-(d) 4-(a)
Answer:
(d) 1-(b) 2-(c) 3-(d) 4-(a)

Question 4.
Western Electric introduced the first widely used …………………………… that implemented true computer control.
(a) Packet switch
(b) Arpanet
(c) Host
(d) Telephone switch
Answer:
(d) Telephone switch

Question 5.
Wi-Fi is short name for ………………………………
(a) Wireless Fidelity
(b) Wired fidelity
(c) Wired fiber optic
(d) Wireless fiber optic
Answer:
(a) Wireless Fidelity

Question 6.
People everywhere can express and publish their ideas and opinions via …………………………
(a) Tele-medicine
(b) blogging
(c) Server
(d) Node
Answer:
(b) blogging

Question 7.
Which one of the following periods, the speed capacity supported towards gigabit on computer network?
(a) SABRE
(b) SAGE
(c) NEW FIBRE OPTICS
(d) ARCNET
Answer:
(c) NEW FIBRE OPTICS

Question 8.
One among them was challenging to the business people on computer networking
(a) Hacking
(b) Viruses
(c) Both a & b
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) Both a & b

Question 9.
………………………….. able to predict, manage, and protect the computer network at Internet.
(a) Artificial intelligence
(b) Broadband provider
(c) Cloud computing
(d) TrAnswer:ceivers
Answer:
(a) Artificial intelligence

Question 10.
…………………………… use less power comparing with single trAnswer:mitter or satellite often cell towers nearer.
(a) Mobile devices
(b) TrAnswer:istors
(c) WIFI
(d) Communication
Answer:
(a) Mobile devices

Question 11.
People now a days getting relaxed via ……………………………..
(a) Business
(b) Corporate company
(c) News papers
(d) Social media
Answer:
(d) Social media

Question 12.
Which one of the following is not the social media
(a) Gmail
(b) Facebook
(c) twitter
(d) Linkedin
Answer:
(a) Gmail

Question 13.
Facebook was created at ………………………….. year
(a) 2002
(b) 2004
(c) 2013
(d) 2010
Answer:
(b) 2004

Question 14.
In mobile network, land areas for network coverage was distributed as ……………………………….
(a) Firmware
(b) cells
(c) Range
(d) Service
Answer:
(b) cells

Question 15.
Which one were harmful to computer?
(a) Bloggers
(b) Browser
(c) Hackers
(d) twitter
Answer:
(c) Hackers

Question 16.
Which innovation made the people to use Internet?
(a) Social web
(b) Mobile technology
(c) Mobile App
(d) Both a & b
Answer:
(d) Both a & b

PART – II
II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Define Computer Network?
Answer:

1. A set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources is called as computer networks.
2. At present, Internet is the most common resource shared everywhere.

Question 2.
Define Internet?
Answer:

1. Networks of network is called Internet.
2. Now a days the Internet plays a vital role.
3. It provides all the information and services to us.

Question 3.
What are the common uses of computer network?
Answer:
The common uses of computer network are

1. Communication
2. Resource sharing
3. Data (or) software sharing
4. Money saving

Question 4.
List out some features of mobile network?
Answer:
Features of Mobile Networks:
1. Less consumption of power is used by mobile devices comparing with a single mitter or satellite often cell towers were nearer.

2. Huge capacity than a large mitter, at single frequency can be used for different or many links as long as they are in different in cells.

3. Covering large area than a single mitter, we can add more towers indefinitely and cannot be limited by any horizon limits.

Question 5.
Difference between wired and wireless networks?
Answer:
Networks at home were connected in two ways they are:

1. Wired network
2. Wireless network

A Wired network system connected with network cable. For example speakers, CCTV, printers, outdoors, and scanners etc., with cables.
A Wireless network is connecting devices like tablets(tab), indoor cameras and E-readers, etc., without cables (WiFi).

PART – III
III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Define ARPANET?
Answer:
First In 1969, four nodes of ARPANET were connected between four universities namely the university of California at Los Angeles, at Santa Barbara, the Stanford Research Institute and the university of Utah using the 50 Kbit/s circuits.

Packet -switched networks was the theoretical work to model was performed by Leonard Kl’einrock, ARPANET was which underpinned the development of it and his theoretical work on hierarchical routing in late 1970 s with his student Farouk Kamoun remains critical to the operation of the Internet today.

Question 2.
What is the usage of cloud storage and cloud computing?
Answer:
Cloud Storage:
Cloud Storage is without any Just a storage of data on online. It can be access from different area geographical limits

Cloud Computing:
Cloud Computing is based on Internet computing, to share resources, software and information.

Question 3.
What is meant by artificial Intelligence?
Answer:

1. Artificial intelligence able to be a better predict traffic as it collects and analyzes data in real time,
2. some of network managers were better prepared for big events such as the World cup, Olympics, Valentine’s Day, which often put on the Internet under pressure.
3. Now the networks were monitored by algorithm that enables for anomalous build-ups of traffic and activity which may be the result of nasty activities such as (DDos) Distributed Denial-of-Service attacks and attempted hacks.
4. This Artificial Network powering algorithms will become most intelligent; it might find faster and reliable methods of anticipating threats and cleaning networks.

Question 4.
List out some usefulness of social networks?
Answer:
Social networking lead us some extremely useful benefits to their individuals and communities:

(i) Group information sharing over long distances:
1. Although friends and family members can keep in contact via mobile phone calls or by text messages, social nets suggestion a much richer environment for staying connected. To many scenarios such as sharing photo albums videos or convey their wishes someone, work better these networks because an entire group can participate together with one.

2. Group discussions became more convenient.

(ii) Broadcast announcements:

1. Cities can more comfort to spread word of emergencies and natural calamities.
2. Venues and local shops can advertise upcoming events on social networks.
3. Businesses able market their products to customers (and retrieve some direct feedback).

(iii) Fostering diversity of thought.:
1. Some critics of social networks point out that online communities attract people by similar interests and backgrounds.

2. when the people with different opinions do get together on online, many discussions seem to degenerate into personal attacks and so-called “flame wars.” It can be argued, by online debates
are healthy in the long run.

Question 5.
How computer networks saves the money saving?
Answer:
Money saving:
Using the computer networking, it’s important financial aspect for organization because it saves money. It reduces the paper work, man power and save the time.

PART – IV
IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Define computer networking and Internet. Explain different developments on computer network and Internet?
Answer:
History of Computer Networking and the Internet:
The history of computer networks and its development were briefly explained in the table given below:
A set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources is called as computer networks. At present, Internet is the most common resource shared everywhere. Some of the shared resources are file server, web camera, speakers, printer, scanner, fax machine etc., Accessing services such as WWW (World Wide Web), Digital audio, Digital video which are shared t use applications, software, and storage servers. All are well-known the term Internet Networks of network is called Internet.

Question 2.
Explain the growth of the computer networking?
Answer:
Now a days computer network technology was developing in very interesting ways. Some keys developed that have occurred over past several years included.
1. Growth on popularity of cloud storage and cloud computing. On behalf of buying physical copies of games, music and movies, increasingly downloading (or streaming) and buy digital licenses their need via Internet.

2. Developments on mobile network infrastructurerboth deployments of 4G and 3G networks (older) that have allow the people in their developed areas who can allow it to their smart mobile phones as video broadcasting system and as mobile television. Some of the people underlying and staying connected all the times, whenever they at the workplace, via a home network, via public WiFi hotspots or smart phones.

3. Difficulties faced by the service providers (include Google)in expanding their residential fiber optic cables Internet service due to increased competition and installation cost from other broadband providers.

4. Even though 4G LTE mobile network was not reached by many parts of world, the industry of telecommunication has been hard working on the development of their next generation “5G” cellular communication Technology.

5. This 5G intense to boost up the speed the mobile connections dramatically. Exactly how much customers was in need of this 5G connection and to go.

6. When 4G was initially being developed, companies are not waited and they do not feel shy to advertisement about the 5G efforts.

7. It might be tested on laboratory on by prototype versions of some elements then it may be standard 5G consumers were also interested on the promise of signal coverage with 5G.,

1. Artificial intelligence will help to maintain, manage, and protect it. Now the networks were monitored by algorithm that enables for anomalous build-ups of traffic and activity which may be the result of nasty activities such as (DDos) Distributed Denial-of-Service attacks and attempted hacks.

2. This Artificial Network powering algorithms will become most intelligent; it might find faster and reliable methods of anticipating threats and cleaning networks.

3. Artificial intelligence able to be a better predict traffic as it collects and analyzes data in real time, some of network managers were better prepared for big events such as the World cup , Olympics, Valentine’s Day, which often put on the Internet under pressure.

Question 3.
Mention some uses of network at business, home, mobile, social application?
Answer:
(i) Networks in Business:
1. In twenty first centuries communications is necessary for successful business operations and technology for the business interaction.

2. Computer networks were faster, the Internet became full strength and wireless communications has been formed the way of business performed.

3. By the usage of latest technologies, such as cloud computing, are being used to allow globally without scarifying security or limiting user access.

4. Internet conversations happen faster, Quick Decision making saves a lot of time, we all know that “time is money” in business.

5. Through e-banking we can pay or receive money from or to the customer may be easily done via gateways or by online payments were much easier on this method. Here any type of business it might large or small scale B2C, B2B, B2G,C2B, C2C, C2G, G2B,G2C, G2G or commercial that trAnswer:fer of information across the Internet can be done here.

(ii) Networks at Home:
Network at home is a group of devices such as computers, mobile, speakers, camera, game system, and printer that connect via network with each other. Networks at home were connected in two ways they are

1. Wired network
2. Wireless network

A Wired network system connected with network cable . For example speakers, CCTV, printers, outdoors, and scanners etc., with cables.
A Wireless network is connecting devices like tablets(.tab), indoor cameras and E-readers, etc., without cables (WiFi).
Network at home plays main role to access all such as e-banking, e-leaming, e-govemance, – e-health, telemedicine, call centers, video conferencing, digitalization of memories, can easy to access and use by avoiding lot of time and stacked at queue.
From the home we ordered delicious food from various hotels and restaurants at time without delay can be bought via Internet.

(iii) Mobile Networks:
Mobile network is the network connecting devices without cable (wireless). Mobile computers, such as laptop, tablet, and hand held computers, were fastest growing segments.

(iv) Social Application:
Very fast and easiest way to cover all the people, who they are connected in social network media. For example WhatsApp, Face book, twitter, blogs, pintrest, Linkedln, classmates and so on. Through the above social media we share our thoughts in different formats and different size of files.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Introduction to Computer Networks Additional Question and Answer

I. Choose the Best Answer

Question 1.
www means ………………………………
Answer:
world wide web

Question 2.
Which one of the following resources cannot be shared?
(a) printer
(b) scanner
(c) speakers
(d) monitor
Answer:
(d) monitor

Question 3.
Network of Network is called ………………………….
(a) Internet
(b) Intranet
(c) Extranet
(d) Local net
Answer:
(a) Internet

Question 4.
The computers which are connected to network are called as …………………………
(a) computer
(b) nodes
(c) Intemodes
(d) CPU
Answer:
(b) nodes

Question 5.
In networking, nodes are identified by its …………………………….
(a) Protocol
(b) Layer
(c) IP address
(d) TCL address
Answer:
(c) IP address

Question 6.
Who co-designed TCP/IP protocols?
(a) Vint cerf
(b) Bill gates
(c) Lawrence
(d) Roberts
Answer:
(a) Vint cerf

Question 7.
Who is the founding father of Internet?
(a) Vint cerf
(b) Bob Frankston
(c) Danbricklin
(d) Laerence Robert
Answer:
(a) Vint cerf

Question 8.
Expand SAGE
(a) Semi-Automatic Ground Environment
(b) Self – Auto General Engine
(c) Super – Automatic General Engine
(d) Super – Auto Ground Environment
Answer:
(a) Semi-Automatic Ground Environment

Question 9.
Expand SABRE
(a) Self Automated Base Relational Entity
(b) Semi Automatic Business Research Environment
(c) Super Automatic BIOS Return Entity
(d) Star Automated Base Router Entity
Answer:
(b) Semi Automatic Business Research Environment

Question 10.
In which year SABRE was developed?
(a) 1958
(b) 1950
(c) 1960
(d) 1968
Answer:
(c) 1960\

Question 11.
Find the wrongly matched pair from the following.
(a) SAGE – V. S. Military Radar System
(b) SABRE – Airline Reservation System
(c) Hosts – Cyclades
(d) Arpanet – Token – passing Network
Answer:
(d) Arpanet – Token – passing Network

Question 12.
Paul Baran developed …………………………
(a) Packet Switching
(b) SAGE
(c) SABRE
(d) node
Answer:
(a) Packet Switching

Question 13.
NPL stands for ……………………………
Answer:
National Physical Laboratory

Question 14.
What is the line speed of NPL network?
(a) 268 kb/s
(b) 768 kb/s
(c) 678 kb/s
(d) 578 kb/s
Answer:
(b) 768 kb/s

Question 15.
Identify the correctly matched pair from the following.
(i) 1963 – Intergalactic Computer Network
(ii) 1996 – New Fibre Optic Cables
(iii) 1974 – Hosts
(iv) 1967 -WAN
(a) (ii)
(b) (iii)
(c) (iv)
(d) (i)
Answer:
(d) (i)

Question 16.
Intergalactic computer Network was developed in the year ………………………….
(a) 1950
(b) 1960
(c) 1963
(d) 1967
Answer:
(c) 1963

Question 17.
An experimental paper on WAN has been published by ………………………………..
(a) Thomas Marill
(b) Robert
(c) Lawrence
(d) Abramson
Answer:
(a) Thomas Marill vb

Question 18.
……………………….. was the first french networm for making host, for reliable data delivery.
(a) ARPANET
(b) CYCLADES
(c) ARCNET
(d) WAN
Answer:
(b) CYCLADES

Question 19.
Ethernet is a ………………………. based networking System.
Answer:
Aloha

Question 20.
A memo at Xerox PARC was written by ……………………………..
Answer:
Robert Metcalfe

Question 21.
Who created ARCNET?
(a) Leonard Kleinrock
(b) Cyclades
(c) Robert Metcalfe
(d) John Murphy
Answer:
(d) John Murphy

Question 22.
Match the following
(i) Ethernet – (I) Ieonard Kleinrock
(ii) Arcnet – (II) Robert Metcalfe
(iii) WAN – (III) John Murphy
(iv) Packet-Switched Network – (IV) Thomas Manu
(a) II III IV I
(b) I II III IV
(c) IV II I III
(d) IV I II III
Answer:
(a) II III IV I

Question 23.
Find which is wrong.
INTERNET stands for
(a) INTERnational NETwork
(b) INTER connected Computer NETwork
(c) Intersecting Notions TrAnswer:mitted Electronically Round Newly Engineered
(d) All are correct
Answer:
(d) All are correct

Question 24.
Pick the odd one out.
(a) Flipkart
(b) Gmail
(c) Amazon
(d) Snap deal
Answer:
(b) Gmail

Question 25.
………………………… is used to collect the certificates online.
(a) e-leaming
(b) e-governance
(c) e-certificates
(d) e-degree
Answer:
(b) e-governance

Question 26.
How many million active users are there in Facebook?
(a) 1230
(b) 2320
(c) 2230
(d) 3220
Answer:
(c) 2230

Question 27.
DDos means …………………………….
Answer:
Distributed Denial-of-service

Question 28.
……………………….. me one device accessed by many systems.
Answer:
Resource sharing

Question 29.
Pick the odd one out.
(a) B2C
(b) A2B
(c) B2B
(d) C2C
Answer:
(b) A2B

Question 30.
Because of Internet
(I) Direct human interactions are reduced
(II) Working environment is shrinked.
(a) I-True II-False
(b) I-False II-True
(c) I, II-both True
(d) I, II-both False
Answer:
(c) I, II-both True

Question 31.
Network at home can be connected in …………………………….. ways.
Answer:
2

Question 34.
Identify which is not an attribute of social network.
(a) Membership
(b) Human relationship building
(c) Frequent return visits
(d) DSL
Answer:
(d) DSL

Question 35.
When the people with different opinions get together online, then that generate personal attacks called ……………………………
(a) Flame War
(b) blue war
(c) Black war
(d) Netwar
Answer:
(a) Flame War

Question 36.
The mobile electronic device used to read digital e-book is called …………………………….
Answer:
e-Reader

Question 37.
………………………….. are malware treats or computer worms that replicates by its own.
Answer:
Viruses

II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Name the attributes of social networkings?
Answer:

1. Membership
2. Content contribution
3. Frequent return visits
4. Human relationship building

III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
What are the disadvantages of Internet?
Answer:
Disadvantages of Internet:

1. Simply wasting the precious time on Internet by surfing, searching unwanted things.
2. Lot of unnecessary information is also there, why because any one can post anything on their webpage, blogs.
3. Hackers and viruses can easily theft our more valuable information available in the Internet. There a lot of security issues are there in E-banking.

Question 2.
Write a note on E-Banking?
Answer:
E-Banking plays an important role in our day today life, via Internet it can be accessed anytime, anywhere 24/7.
The speed and efficiency was very much better than that of done by counter at bank.
Now a days online payment were done via Internet to avoid standing in the queue at office to pay bills with very low action fees.

Question 3.
Write note on Resource Sharing?
Answer:
1. ‘Resource sharing meAnswer: one device accessed by many systems.

2. It allows all kind of programs, equipment’s and available data to anyone via network to irrespective of the physical location of the resource of them.

3. Simply resource sharing is sharing such as printers, scanner, PDA, fax machine, and modems. For example, many computers can access one printer if it is in networks.

4. Write note on Software or data sharing.
Using computer network, application or other software will be stored at central computer or server. We can share one software from one to another. It provides high reliability source of the data.

For example, all files can not be taken backup or duplicate on more than one computer. So if one is not unavailable due to hardware failure or any other reason, the copies can be used.

Question 4.
Write note on Software or data sharing?
Answer:

1. Using computer network, application or other software will be stored at central computer or server.
2. We can share one software from one to another. It provides high reliability source of the data.
3. For example, all files can not be taken backup or duplicate on more than one computer.
4. So if one is not unavailable due to hardware failure or any other reason, the copies can be used.

Question 5.
Write note on e-market or online shopping?
Answer:

1. e-market or by online shopping we can get from tooth paste to car, all the travelling tickets and services can be done easier via Internet and computer networking. No geographical can separate them.
2. From the home we ordered delicious food from various hotels and restarants at time without delay can be bought via Internet.

IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Explain how Social Networks are useful to the Individuals and community?
Answer:
Usefulness of Social Networks:
Besides being a fun place to meet and relax with people, social networking lead us some extremely useful benefits to their individuals and communities:

1. Group information sharing over long distances:
Although friends and family members can keep in contact via mobile phone calls or by text messages, social nets suggestion a much richer environment for staying connected.

To many scenarios such as sharing photo albums videos or convey their wishes someone, work better these networks because an entire group can participate together with one. Overall, group discussions became more convenient as not everyone needs to be online at the exact same moment to post comments.

2. Broadcast announcements:

1. Cities can more comfort to spread word of emergencies and natural calamities.
2. Venues and local shops can advertise upcoming events on social networks.
3. Businesses able market their products to customers (and retrieve some direct feedback).

3. Fostering diversity of thought:

1. Some critics of social networks point out that online communities attract people by similar interests and backgrounds.
2. Indeed, when the people with different opinions do get together on online, many discussions seem to degenerate into personal attacks and so-called “flame wars.”
3. It can be argued, by online debates are healthy in the long run.
4. Although individuals may begin with more extreme views, over time their thinking gets influenced may begin with more extreme views, over time their thinking gets influenced by the comments of others at least to some extent.
5. For people who struck with busy schedule can have some relaxation and known current affairs, news via this social networks can easier to wish someone and keep on touch their follower, loveable person.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Model Question Paper 5 English Medium Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Model Question Papers helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Model Question Paper 5 English Medium

Instructions

• The question paper comprises of four parts.
• You are to attempt all the parts. An internal choice of questions is provided wherever applicable.
• All questions of Part I, II, III and IV are to be attempted separately.
• Question numbers 1 to 14 in Part I are Multiple Choice Quèstions of one-mark each. These are to be answered by choosing the most suitable answer from the given four alternatives and.writing the option code and the corresponding answer.
• Question numbers 15 to 28 in Part II àre two-marks questions. These are to be answered in about one or two sentences.
• Question numbers 29 to 42 in Part III are five-marks questions. These are to be answered in about three to five short sentences.
• Question numbers 43 to 44 in Part IV are eight-marks questions. These are to be answered in detail. Draw diagrams wherever necessary.

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 100

PART-I

I. Choose the correct answer. Answer all the questions. [Answers are in bold] [14 × 1 = 14]

Question 1.
If n(A × B) = 6 and A = {1, 3} then n (B) is ………….. .
(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 6
Answer:
(3) 3

Question 2.
Given F₁ = 1, F₂ = 3 and F_n = F_n-1+ F_n-2 then F₅ is ………….. .
(1) 3
(2) 5
(3) 8
(4) 11
Answer:
(4) 11

Question 3.
In an A.P., the first term is 1 and the common difference is 4. How many terms of the A.P must be taken for their sum to be equal to 120?
(1) 6
(2) 7
(3) 8
(4) 9
Answer:
(3) 8

Question 4.
f = {(2, a), (3, b), (4, b), (5, c)} is a ………….. .
(1) identity function
(2) one-one function
(3) many-one function
(4) constant function
Answer:
(3) many-one function

Question 5.
The number of points of intersection of quadratic polynomial x² + 4x + 4 with the x axis is ………….. .
(1) 0
(2) 1
(3) 0 (or) 1
(4) 2
Answer:
(2) 1

Question 6.
The non-diagonal elements in any unit matrix are ………….. .
(1) 0
(2) 1
(3) m
(4) n
Answer:
(1) 0

Question 7.
If A is a 2′ 3 matrix and B is a 3′ 4 matrix, how many columns does AB have?
(1) 3
(2) 4
(3) 2
(4) 5
Answer:
(2) 4

Question 8.
In figure CP and CQ are tangents to a circle with centre at O. ARB is another tangent touching the circle at R. If CP = 11 cm and BC = 7 cm then the length of BR is ………….. .

(1) 6 cm
(2) 5 cm
(3) 8 cm
(4) 4 cm
Answer:
(4) 4 cm

Question 9
The slope of the line joining (12, 3), (4, a) is \(\frac { 1 }{ 8 }\). The value of ‘a’ is ………….. .
(1) 1
(2) 4
(3) -5
(4) 2
Answer:
(4) 2

Question 10.
If x = a tan θ and y = b sec θ then ………….. .
(1) \(\frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}-\frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}=1\)
(2) \(\frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}-\frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}=1\)
(3) \(\frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}+\frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}=1\)
(4) \(\frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}-\frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}=0\)
Answer:
(1) \(\frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}-\frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}=1\)

Question 11.
A letter is chosen at random from the letter of the word “PROBABILITY”. Find the probability that it is not a vowel.
(1) \(\frac{1}{5}\)
(2) \(\frac{2}{3}\)
(3) \(\frac{1}{3}\)
(4) \(\frac{3}{5}\)
Answer:
(2) \(\frac{2}{3}\)

Question 12.
The height of a right circular cone whose radius is 5 cm and slant height is 13 cm will be ………….. .
(1) 12 cm
(2) 10 cm
(3) 13 cm
(4) 5 cm
Answer:
(1) 12 cm

Question 13.
If the mean and co-efficient of variation of a data are 4 and 87.5% then the standard deviation is ………….. .
(1) 3.5
(2) 3
(3) 4.5
(4) 2.5
Answer:
(1) 3.5

Question 14.
Variance of first 20 natural numbers is ………….. .
(1) 32.25
(2) 44.25
(3) 33.25
(4) 30
Answer:
(3) 33.25

PART-II

II. Answer any ten questions. Question No. 28 is compulsory. [10 × 2 = 20]

Question 15.
Define a function.
Answer:
A relation “f” between two non-empty sets X and Y is called a function from X to Y if for each x ∈ X there exists only one y ∈ Y such that (x, y) ∈ f

Question 16.
Compute x such that 10⁴ ≡ x (mod 19)
Answer:
10² = 100 ≡ 5 (mod 19)
10⁴ = (10²)² ≡ 5² (mod 19)
10⁴ = 25 (mod 19)
10⁴ = 6 (mod 19)
(since 25 ≡ 6 (mod 19))
Therefore, x = 6

Question 7.
Simlify \(\frac{4 x^{2} y}{2 z^{2}} \times \frac{6 x z^{3}}{20 y^{4}}\)
Answer:

Question 18.
Pari needs 4 hours to complete the work. His friend Yuvan needs 6 hours to complete the work. How long will it take to complete if they work together?
Answer:
Let the work done by Pari and Yuvan together be x
Work done by Pari = \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 }\)
Work done by Yuvan = \(\frac { 1 }{ 6 }\)
By the given condition
\(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{x} \Rightarrow \frac{3+2}{12}=\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\frac{5}{12}=\frac{1}{x}\)
5x = 12 ⇒ x = \(\frac{12}{5}\)
x = \(2 \frac{2}{5}\) hours (or) 2 hours 24 minutes

Question 19.
Find the values of x, y and z from the following equation \(\left( \begin{matrix} 12 & 3 \\ x & \frac { 3 }{ 2 } \end{matrix} \right) =\left( \begin{matrix} y & z \\ 3 & 5 \end{matrix} \right) \)
Answer:
Since the given matrices are equal then all the corresponding elements are equal. y = 12, z = 3, x = 3
The value of x = 3, y = 12 and z = 3

Question 20.
What length of ladder is needed to reach a height of 7 ft along the wall when the base of the ladder is 4 ft from the wall? A
Answer:

Let x be the length of the ladder. BC = 4 ft, AC = 7 ft.
By Pythagoras theorem we have, AB² = AC² + BC²
x² = 7² + 4² gives x² = 49 + 16
x² = 65. Hence, x = √65
The number √65 is between 8 and 8.1.
8² = 64 < 65 < 65.61 = 8.1²
Therefore, the length of the ladder is approximately 8.1 ft.

Question 21.
Prove that \(\sqrt{\frac{1+\cos \theta}{1-\cos \theta}}\) = cosec θ + cot θ
Answer:

Question 22.
The radius of a sphere increases by 25%. Find the percentage increase in its surface area.
Answer:
Let the radius of the be “r”
Surface area of the sphere = 4πr²sq.units …… (1)
If the radius is increased by 25%
New radius = \(\frac { 25 }{ 100 }\) × r + r
= \(\frac { r }{ 4 }\) + 4
= \(\frac{r+4 r}{4}=\frac{5 r}{4}\)
Surface area of the sphere
= 4π\(\left(\frac{5 r}{4}\right)^{2}\) sq.units
= 4 × π × \(\frac{25 r^{2}}{16}\)
= \(\frac{25 \pi r^{2}}{4}\) sq.units
Difference in surface area
= \(\frac{25 \pi r^{2}}{4}-4 \pi r^{2}\)
= \(\pi r^{2}\left(\frac{25}{4}-4\right)\)
= \(\pi r^{2}\left(\frac{25-16}{4}\right)\)
= \(\pi r^{2}\left(\frac{9}{4}\right)=\frac{9 \pi r^{2}}{4}\)
Percentage of increase in surface area

Percentage of increase in surface area = 56.25%

Question 23.
The standard deviation and mean of a data are 6.5 and 12.5 respectively. Find the coefficient of variation.
Answer:
Standard deviation of a data (σ) = 6.5
Mean of the data (x̄) = 12.5
Coefficient of variation = \(\frac{\sigma}{x} \times 100 \%\) ⇒ \(\frac{6.5}{12.5} \times 100 \%\) = 52%
Coefficient of variation = 52%

Question 24.
If f{x) = 3 + x, g(x) = x – 4, then check whether fog = gof
Answer:
f(x) = 3 + x ; g(x) = x – 4
fog = f[g(x)]
= f(x – 4)
= 3 + x – 4
= x – 1
gof = g [f(x)}
= g(3 + x)
= 3 + x – 4
= x – 1
∴ fog = gof

Question 25.
An organization plans to plant saplings in 25 streets in a town in such a way that one sapling for the first street, three for the second, nine for the third and so on. How many saplings are needed to complete the work?
Answer:
Here n = 25, a = 1, r = 3
S_n = \(a \frac{\left(r^{n}-1\right)}{r-1}\)
S₂₅ = \(\frac{1\left(3^{25}-1\right)}{3-1}\)
= \(\frac{3^{25}-1}{2}\)

Question 26.
Find the 19th term of an A.P. – 11, -15, -19,……..
Answer:
First term (a) = -11
Common difference (d) = -15 – (-11)
= -15 + 11 = -4
n = 19 .
t_n = a + (n – 1) d
t_n = -11 + 18(-4)
= -11 – 72
t₁₉ = -83
∴ 19th term of an A.P. is – 83

Question 27.
Find the value of ZB AC in the given triangle.
Answer:

In right triangle ABC

θ = tan^-1 \(\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)\) = tan^-1 (0.8)
θ = 38.7° (since tan 38.7° = 0.8011)
∠BAC = 38.7°

Question 28.
The vertices of a triangle are A(-1,3), B(-1, 1) and C(5, 1). Find the length of the median through the vertex C.
Answer:

Mid point of AB = \(\left(\frac{x_{1}+x_{2}}{2}, \frac{y_{1}+y_{2}}{2}\right)\)
= \(\left(\frac{-1+1}{2}, \frac{3-1}{2}\right)\)
= (0,1)
Length of the median CD = \(\sqrt{\left(x_{2}-x_{1}\right)^{2}+\left(y_{2}-y_{1}\right)^{2}}\)
= \(\sqrt{(5-0)^{2}+(1-1)^{2}}\)
= \(\sqrt{25}\) = 5

PART – III

III. Answer any ten questions. Question No. 42 is compulsory. [10 × 5 = 50]

Question 29.
Let f be a function f : N → N be defined by f(x) = 3x + 2, x ∈ N
(i) Find the images of 1, 2,3
(ii) Find the pre – images of 29, 53
(iii) Identify the type of function.
Answer:
The function f: N → N is defined by f(x) = 3x + 2
(i) If x = 1, f(1) = 3(1) + 2 = 5
If x = 2, f(2) = 3(2) + 2 = 8
If x = 3, f(3) = 3(3) + 2=11
The images of 1, 2, 3 are 5, 8, 11 respectively.

(ii) If x is the pre-image of 29, then f(x) = 29 . Hence 3x + 2 = 29
3x = 21 ⇒ x = 9.
Similarly, if x is the pre-image of 53, then f(x) = 53.
Hence 3x + 2 = 53 3x = 51 ⇒ x = 17.
Thus the pre-images of 29 and 53 are 9 and 17 respectively.

(iii) Since different elements of N have different images in the co-domain, the function f is one – one function.
The co-domain of f is N.
But the range of f = {5, 8, 11, 14, 17,…} is a proper subset of N.
Therefore f is not an onto function. That is, f is an into function.
Thus f is one – one and into function.

Question 30.
Let f: A → B be a function defined by f(x) = \(\frac { x }{ 2 }\) – 1, where A = {2,4,6,10,12} and B = {0,1,2, 4,5,9}. Represent f by
(i) set of ordered pairs (ii) a table (iii) an arrow diagram (iv) a graph
Answer:
A= {2, 4, 6, 10, 12} and B = {0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 9}
f(x) = \(\frac { x }{ 2 }\) – 1
f(2) = \(\frac { 2 }{ 2 }\) – 1 = 1 – 1 = 0
f(4) = \(\frac { 4 }{ 2 }\) – 1 = 2 – 1 = 1
f(6) = \(\frac { 6 }{ 2 }\) – 1 = 3 – 1 = 2
f(10) = \(\frac { 10 }{ 2 }\) – 1 = 5 – 1 = 4
f(12) = \(\frac { 12 }{ 2 }\) – 1 = 6 – 1 = 5

(i) Set of ordered pairs
f = {(2, 0) (4, 1) (6, 2) (10, 4) (12, 5}

(ii) Table

(iii) Arrow diagram

(iv) Graph

Question 31.
The ratio of 6^th and 8^th term of an A.P is 7:9. Find the ratio of 9^th term to 13^th terms.
Answer:
Given t₆ : t₈ = 7 : 9 (using t_n = a + (n – 1)d
a + 5d : a + 7d =7 : 9
9(a + 5d) = 7(a + 7d)
9a + 45d = 7a + 49d
9a – 7a = 49d – 45d
2a = 4d
a = 2d
To find t₉ : t₁₃
t₉ : t₁₃ = a + 8d : a + 12d
= 2d + 8d : 2d + 12d
= 10d : 14d
= 5 : 7
∴ t₉ : t₁₃ = 5 : 7

Question 32.
The sum of first n, In and 3n terms of an A.P. are S₁ S₂ and S₃ respectively. Prove that S₃ = 3 (S₂ – S₁).
Answer:
If S₁ S₇ and S₃ are sum of first n, 2n and 3n terms of an A.P. respectively then

Question 33.
Find the values of m and n if the exprtession \(\frac{1}{x^{4}}-\frac{6}{x^{3}}+\frac{13}{x^{2}}+\frac{m}{x}+n\) is a perfect a square.
Answer:

Since it is a perfect square
\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)(m + 12) = 0
m + 12 = 0
m = -12
n – 4 = 0
n = 4
∴ The value of m = -12 and n = 4

Question 34.
If α, β are the roots of the equation 2x² – x – 1 = 0 then form the equation whose roots are α²β, β²α.
Answer:
2x² – x – 1 = 0 ⇒ Here a = 2, b = -1,c = -1
α + β = \(\frac{-b}{a}=\frac{-(-1)}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
α + β = \(\frac{c}{a}=\frac{-1}{2}\)
Given roots are α²β, β²α
Summ of the roots α²β + β²α = αβ (α + β) = \(-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)=-\frac{1}{4}\)
Product of the roots (α²β) × (β²α) = α³β³ = (αβ)³ =
\(\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{3}=-\frac{1}{8}\)
The required equation is x² – (Sum of the roots) x + (Product of the roots) = 0
\(x^{2}-\left(-\frac{1}{4}\right) x-\frac{1}{8}=0\) gives 8x² + 2x – 1 = 0

Question 35.
P and Q are the mid-points of the sides CA and CB respectively of a ∆ABC, right angled at C. Prove that 4(AQ² + BP²) = 5AB².
Answer:

Since, ∆AQC is a right triangle at C, AQ² = AC² + QC² ……. (1)
Also, ∆BPC is a right triangle at C, BP² = BC² + CP² ……… (2)
From (1) and (2), AQ² + BP² = AC² + QC² + BC² + CP²
4(AQ² + BP²) = 4AC² + 4QC² + 4BC² + 4CP²
= 4AC² + (2QC)² + 4BC² + (2CP)²
= 4AC² + BC² + 4BC² + AC² (Since P and Q are mid points)
= 5(AC² + BC²)
4(AQ² + BP²) = 5AB² (By Pythagoras Theorem)

Question 36.
Find the equation of a straight line passing through (1, -4) and has intercepts which are in the ratio 2:5.
Answer:
Let the x-intercept be 2a and the y intercept 5a
The equation of a line is \(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{a}=1\) ⇒ \(\frac{x}{2 a}+\frac{y}{5 a}=1\)
The line passes through the point (1, -4)
\(\frac{1}{2 a}+\frac{(-4)}{5 a}=1\) ⇒ \(\frac{1}{2 a}-\frac{4}{5 a}=1\)
Multiply by 10a
(L.C.M of 2a and 5a is 10a)
5 – 8 = 10a ⇒ -3 = 10a ⇒ a = \(\frac{-3}{10}\)
The equation of the line is \(\frac{x}{2(-3 / 10)}+\frac{y}{5(-3 / 10)}=1\)
\(\frac{x}{-3 / 5}+\frac{y}{-3 / 2}=1\) ⇒ \(\frac{5 x}{-3}+\frac{2 y}{-3}=1\)
\(\frac{-5 x}{3}-\frac{2 y}{3}=1\)
Multipy by 3
– 5x – 2y = 3 ⇒ – 5x – 2y – 3 = 0
5x + 2y + 3 = 0
The equation of a line is 5x + 2y + 3 = 0

Question 37.
From the top of the tower 60m high the angles of depression of the top and bottom of a vertical lamp post are observed to be 38° and 60° respectively. Find the height of the lamp post (tan 38° = 0.7813, √3 = 1.732)
Answer:

Let the height of the lamp post be “h”
The height of the tower (BC) = 60 m
∴ EC = 60 – h
Let AB be x
In the right ∆ ABC
tan 60° = \(\frac{B C}{A B}\)
√3 = \(\frac{60}{x}\)
x = \(\frac{60}{\sqrt{3}}\) …… (1)
In the right ∆ DEC, tan 38° = \(\frac{E C}{D E}\)
0.7813 = \(\frac{60-h}{x}\)
x = \(\frac{60-h}{0.7813}\) ….. (2)
Froom (1) and (2) we get
\(\frac{60}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{60-h}{0.7813}\)
60 × 0.7813 = 60√3 – √3h
46.88 = 60√3 – √3h
√3h = 60√3 – 46.88
= 60 × 1.732 – 46.88
= 103.92 – 46.88
1.732 h = 57.04 ⇒ h = \(\frac{57.04}{1.732}\)
h = \(\frac{5704}{1732}\) = 32.93m
∴ Height of the lamp post = 32.93 m

Question 38.
Calculate the weight of a hollow brass sphere if the diameter is 14 cm and thickness is 1 mm, and whose density is 17.3 g/cm³.
Answer:
Let r and R be the inner and outer radii of the hollow sphere.
Given that, inner diameter d = 14 cm; inner radius r = 7 cm; thickness = 1 mm = \(\frac{1}{10}\) cm
Outer radius R = 7 + \(\frac{1}{10}=\frac{71}{10}\) = 7.1 cm
Volume of hollow sphere = \(\frac{4}{3}\) π (R³ – r³) cu. cm
= \(\frac{4}{3} \times \frac{22}{7}\)(357.91 -343) = 62.48 cm³
But, weight of brass in 1 cm³ = 17.3 gm
Total weight = 17.3 × 62.48 = 1080.90 gm
Therefore, total weight is 1080.90 grams.

Question 39.
Find the Co-efficient of variation of 24, 26,33,37,29,31
Answer:
Arrange in ascending order we get 24, 26,29, 31,33,37
Assumed mean = 29


\(\frac{4.32}{30} \times 100\) = \(\frac{432}{30}=14.4\)
Coefficient of variation = 14.4%

Question 40.
Two dice, one blue and one grey, are thrown at the same time. Write down all the possible outcomes. W hat is the probability that the sum of the two numbers appearing on the top of the dice is ………………. .
Answer:
When we roll two dice
Sample space = {(1. 1) (1,2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6)
(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6)
(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6)
(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4, 6)
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6)
(6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6. 4) (6, 5) (6, 6)}
n(S) = 36
(i) Let A be the event of getting the sum of two number is 8
A = {(2, 6) (3, 5) (4, 4) (5, 3) (6, 2)} 5
n(A) = 5
P(A) = \(\frac{n(\mathrm{A})}{n(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{5}{36}\)

(ii) Let B be the event of getting the sum of the two numbers is 13.
B = { }
n(B) = 0
P(B) = \(\frac{n(\mathrm{B})}{n(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{0}{36}=0\)

(iii) Let C be the event of getting the sum of the two numbers is less than 12 or equal to 12.
n(C) = 36
P(C) = \(\frac{n(\mathrm{C})}{n(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{36}{36}=1\)

Question 41.
Find two consecutive positive integers, sum of whose squares is 365.
Answer:
Let the two consecutive positive integers be “x” and x + 1
Sum of squares = 365
x² + (x+1)² = 365
2x² + 2x – 364 = 0
x² + x – 182 = 0

(x + 14) (x – 13) = 0
x + 14 = 0 or x – 13 = 0
x = -14 or x = 13 (rejecting -14. Given positive integer)
The consecutive terms are 13 and 14.

Question 42.
A cylindrical bucket of 32 cm high and with radius of base 18 cm, is filled with sand completely. This bucket is emptied on the ground and a conical heap of sand is formed. If the height of the conical heap is 24 cm, find the radius and slant height of the heap.
Answer:
Cylindrical bucket
Height of the bucket (h) = 32 cm
Radius of the bucket (r) = 18 cm

Conical heap
Height of the cone (H) = 24 cm
Let the radius of the conical heap be “P ”
By the given condition
Volume of the conical heap = Volume of the cylindrical bucket
\(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\)πR²H = πr²
\(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\) × R² × 24 = r²H
\(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\) × R² × 24 = 18 × 18 × 32
R² = \(\frac{18 \times 18 \times 32 \times 3}{24}\)
= \(\frac{18 \times 18 \times 4 \times 3}{3}\)
= 18 × 18 × 4
= 36 cm
Slant height of the cone (l) = \(\sqrt{H^{2}+R^{2}}\)
= \(\sqrt{24^{2}+36^{2}}\)
= \(\sqrt{(12 \times 2)^{2}+(12 \times 3)^{2}}\)
= 12\(\sqrt{2^{2}+3^{2}}\)
= 12√13
Slant height of the cone = 12√13 cm
Radius of the cone = 36 cm

PART – IV

IV. Answer all the questions. [2 × 8 = 16]

Question 43.
(a) PQ is a chord of length 8 cm to a circle of radius 5 cm. The tangents at P and Q intersect at a point T. Find the length of the tangent TP.
Answer:

Let TR = y. Since, OT is perpendicular bisector of PQ
PR = QR = 4 cm
In ∆ORP, OP² = OR² + PR²
QR² = OP² – PR²
OR² = 5² – 4² = 25 – 16 = 9
OR = 3 cm
OT = OR + RT = 3 + y …. (1)
In ∆PRT , TP² = TR² + PR² …. (2)
and ∆OPT we have, OT² = TP² + OP²
OT² = (TR² + PR²) + OP² (substitute for TP² from (2)
(3 + y)² = y² + 4² + 5²(substitute for OT from (1))
9 + 6y + y² = y² + 16 + 5 There fore y = TR = \(\frac{16}{3}\)
6y = 41 – 9 we get y = \(\frac{16}{3}\)
From (2) TP² = TR² + PR²
TP² = \(\left(\frac{16}{3}\right)^{2}+4^{2}=\frac{256}{9}+16=\frac{400}{9} \mathrm{so}, \mathrm{TP}=\frac{20}{3} \mathrm{cm}\)

[OR]

(b) Draw a triangle ABC of base BC = 8 cm, ∠A = 60° and the bisector of ∠A meets BC at D such that BD = 6 cm.
Answer:


Step 1 : Draw a line segment BC = 8 cm.
Step 2 : At B, draw’ BE such that ∠CBE = 60° .
Step 3 : At B, draw BF such that ∠EBF = 90° .
Step 4 : Draw the perpendicular bisector to BC, w’hich intersects BF at O and BC at G.
Step 5 : With O as centre and OB as radius draw a circle.
Step 6 : From B, mark an arc of 6 cm on BC at D.
Step 7 : The perpendicular bisector intersects the circle at I. Joint ID.
Step 8 : ID produced meets the circle at A. Now join AB and AC.
Then ∆ABC is the required triangle.

Question 44.
(a) Draw the graph of y = x² + 3x – 4 and hence use it to solve x² + 3x – 4 = 0.
Answer:
Let y = x² + 3x – 4
(i) Draw the graph of y = x² + 3x – 4

(ii) Plot the points (-5, 6), (-4, 0), (-3, -4), (-2, -6), (-1, -6), (0, -4), (1, 0), (2, 6), (3, 14) on the graph using suitable scale.
(iii) Join the points by a free hand smooth curve.
The smooth curve is the graph of y = x² + 3x – 4
(iv) To solve x² + 3x – 4 = 0, subtract x² + 3x – 4 = 0 from y = x² + 3x – 4.
y = o
∴ The point of intersection with the X – axis is the solution set.
The solution set is -4 and 1.

[OR]

(b) A motor boat whose speed is 18 km/hr in still water takes 1 hour more to go to 24 km upstream than to return downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the stream.
Answer:
Let the speed of the stream be “x” km/hr
Speed of the motor boat to go for upstream = (18 – x) km/hr
Speed of the motor boat to go for down stream = (18 + x) km/hr
Time taken to go for upstream = \(\frac{24}{18-x}\) hour
Time taken to go for down stream = \(\frac{24}{18-x}\)
By the given condition
\(\frac{24}{18-x}-\frac{24}{18+x}=1\)
\(\frac{24(18+x)-24(18-x)}{(18-x)(18+x)}=1\)
432 + 24x + 432 + 24x = (18 – x)(18 – x)
48x = 324 – x²
x² + 48x – 324 = 0
x² + 54x – 6x – 324 = 0
x(x + 54) – 6 (x + 54) = 0
(x + 54) (x – 6) = 0
x + 54 = 0 or x – 6 = 0
x = -54 or x = 6 (speed cannot be negative)
∴ Speed of the boat = 6 km/hr

Students can Download Computer Applications Chapter 6 PHP Conditional Statements Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 6 PHP Conditional Statements

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications PHP Conditional Statements Text Book Back Questions and Answers

PART – I
I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
What will be the output of the following PHP code?
<?php
$x;
if ($x) print “hi”;
else
print “how are u”;?>
(a) how are u
(b) hi
(c) error
(d) no output
Answer:
(c) error

Question 2.
What will be the output of the following PHP code?
<?php
$x = 0;
if ($x++)
print “hi”;
else
print “how are u”;
?>
(a) hi
(b) no output
(c) error
(d) how are u
Answer:
(d) how are u

Question 3.
What will be the output of the following PHP code?
<?php
$x;
if ($x = 0)
print “hi”;
else
print “how are u”;
print “hello”
?>
(a) how are uhello
(b) hihello
(c) hi
(d) no output
Answer:
(d) no output

Question 4.
Statement which is used to make choice between two options and only option is to be performed is written as
(a) if statement
(b) if else statement
(c) then else statement
(d) else one statement
Answer:
(b) if else statement

Question 5.
What will be the output of the following PHP code?
<?php
$a =“”;
if ($a)
print “all”;
if
else
print “some”;
?>
(a) all
(b) some
(c) error
(d) no output
Answer:
(c) error

Question 6.
What will be the output of the following PHP code?
<?php
$a = “”;
if ($a)
print “all”;
if
else
print “some”;
?>
(a) all
(b) some
(c) error
(d) no output
Answer:
(c) error

Question 7.
What will be the output of the following PHP code?
<?php
$x = 10;
$y = 20;
if ($x > $y + $y != 3)
print “hi”;
else
print “how are u”;
?>
(a) how are u
(b) hi
(c) error
(d) no output
Answer:
(b) hi

Question 8.
What will be the output of the following PHP code?
<?php
$x = 10;
$y = 20;
if ($x > $y && 1||1)
print “hi” ;
else
print “how are u”;
?>
(a) how are u
(b) hi
(c) error
(d) no output
Answer:
(b) hi

Question 9.
What will be the output of the following PHP code?
<?php
if (-100)
print “hi”;
else
print “how are u”;
?>
(a) how are u
(b) hi
(c) error
(d) no output
Answer:
(b) hi

PART – II
II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Define Conditional Statements in PHP?
Answer:
Conditional statements are useful for writing decision making logics. It is most important feature of many programming languages, including PHP. They are implemented by the following types:

1. if Statement
2. if…else Statement
3. if…elseif….else Statement
4. switch Statement

Question 2.
Define if statement in PHP?
Answer:
If statement executes a statement or a group of statements if a specific condition is satisfied as per the user expectation.
Syntax: if (condition)
{
Execute statement(s) if condition is true;
}

Question 3.
What is if else statement in PHP?
Answer:
If else statement in PHP:

1. If statement executes a statement or a group of statements if a specific condition is satisfied by the user expectation.
2. When the condition gets false (fail) the else block is executed.

Syntax:
if (condition)
{
Execute statement(s) if condition is true;
}
else
{
Execute statement(s) if condition is false;
}

Question 4.
List out Conditional Statements in PHP?
Answer:
if Statement

1. if…else Statement
2. if…elseif….else Statement
3. switch Statement

Question 5.
Write Syntax of the If else statement in PHP?
Answer:
if (condition)
{
Execute statement(s) if condition is true;
}
else
{
Execute statement(s) if condition is false;
}

Question 6.
Define if…elseif….else Statement in PHP?
Answer:

1. If-elseif-else statement is a combination of if-else statement.
2. More than one statement can execute the condition based on user needs.

Question 7.
Usage of Switch Statement in PHP?
Answer:

1. The switch statement is used to perform different actions based on different conditions.
2. Switch statements work the same as if statementsbut they can check for multiple values at a time.

Question 8.
Write Syntax of Switch statement?
Answer:
switch (n) {
case label 1:
code to be executed if n=label 1; break; case label2:
code to be executed if n=label2; break; case label3:
code to be executed if n=label3; break;
default:
code to be executed if n is different from all labels;

Question 9.
Compare if and if else statement?
Answer:
If:
If statement executes a statement or a group of statements if a specific condition is satisfied as per the user expectation. When the condition fails, nothing happens.

If else:
If statement executes a statement or a group of statements if a specific condition is satisfied by the user expectation. When the condition gets false (fail) the else block is executed.

PART – III
III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write the features Conditional Statements in PHP?
Answer:
PHP Conditional statements:

1. Conditional statements are useful for writing decision making logics.
2. It is most important feature of many programming languages, including PHP.
3. They are implemented by the following types:
4. if Statement
5. if…else Statement
6. if…elseif….else Statement
7. switch Statement

Question 2.
Write the purpose of if elseif else statement?
Answer:

1. If statement executes a statement or a group of statements if a specific condition is satisfied by the user expectation. When the condition gets false (fail) the else block is executed.
2. If-elseif-else is a combination of if-else statement.
3. More than one statement can execute the condition based on user needs.
4. User can select from many choices.

Question 3.
Differentiate Switch and if else statement?
Answer:
Switch:

1. Switch statement uses single expression for multiple choices.
2. If all the cases are not matched default will be executed.
3. It test only for equality.
4. It evaluates only for character or integer

If-else:

1. If else statement uses multiple statement for multiple choices.
2. Nothing happens.
3. It tests for equality as well as for logical ‘ expressions.
4. any data type is allowed.

Question 4.
Write Short notes on Switch statement?
Answer:

1. The switch statement is used to perform different actions based on different conditions.
2. It tests for equality only. –
3. It uses default value, when all the case values are not matched.
4. It can have multiple ease values.

Question 5.
Differentiate if statement and if elseif else statement?
Answer:
if elseif else statement:

1. If-elseif-else statement is a combination of if-else statement. .
2. More than one statement can execute the condition based on user needs.
3. If the condition is false more alternatives are there.

PART – IV
IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Explain Function Conditional Statements in PHP?
Answer:
Function Conditional Statements:

1. Function conditional statement is the function specified inside the conditional statements.
2. We can’t call conditional function before its definition.

Syntax:
if(expression)
{
function function_name( )
{
block of statements;
}
}
function_name( ); // calling function.
Eg:
<? php
display( );
if(TRUE)
{
function display( )
{
echo “condition and function”;
}
}
Output: condition and function

Question 2.
Discuss in detail about Switch statement with an example?
Answer:
Switch Case:

1. The switch statement is used to perform different actions based on different conditions.
2. Switch statement tests only for equality.
3. More case values can be given.
4. When all the case values are not matched, then default will be executed.

Syntax:
switch (n) {
case label 1:
code to be executed if n=labe11;
break;
case labe12:
code to be executed if n=labe12;
break;
case labe13:
code to be executed if n=labe13; ,
break;
…….
default:
code to be executed if n is different from all labels;
}

Question 3.
Explain the process Conditional Statements in PHP?
PHP Conditional statements:
Answer:
Conditional statements are useful for writing decision making logics. It is most important feature of many programming languages, including PHP. They are implemented by the following types:

(i) if Statement:
If statement executes a statement or a group of statements if a specific condition is satisfied as per the user expectation.

(ii) if…else Statement:
If statement executes a statement or a group of statements if a specific condition is satisfied by the user expectation. When the condition gets false (fail) the else block is executed.

(iii) if…elseif….else Statement:
If-elseif-else statement is a combination of if-else statement. More than one statement can execute the condition based on user needs.

(iv) Switch Case:
The switch statement is used to perform different actions based on different conditions based on different conditions.

Question 4.
Explain concepts of if elseif else statement?
Answer:
If elseif else statement in PHP:
If-elseif-else statement is a combination of if-else statement. More than one statement can execute the condition based on user needs.
Syntax:
if (1st condition)
{
Execute statement(s) if condition is true;
}
elseif(2nd condition)
{
Execute statement(s) if 2nd condition is true;
}
else
{
Execute statement(s) if both conditions are false;
}
Example:
<?php
$Pass_Mark=35;
$first_class=60;
$Student_Mark=70;
if ($Student_Mark>= $first_class)
{
esho “The Student is eligible for the promotion with First Class”;
elseif ($Student_Mark>= $Pass_Mark)
{
echo “The Student is eligible for the promotion”;
}
else
{
echo “The Student is not eligible for the promotion”;
}?>

Question 5.
Explain if else statement in PHP?
Answer:
If else statement in PHP:
If statement executes a statement or a group of statements if a specific condition is satisfied by the user expectation. When the condition gets false (fail) the else block is executed.
Syntax:
if (condition)
{
Execute statement(s) if condition is true;
} else
{
Execute statement(s) if condition is false;
}
Example:
<?php
$Pass_Mark=35;
$Student_Mark=70;
if ($Student_Mark>= $Pass_Mark)
{
echo “The Student is eligible for the promotion”;
}
else
{
echo “The Student is not eligible for the promotion”; }
?>

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions PHP Conditional Statements Additional Question and Answer

I. Choose the Best Answer

Question 1.
How many types of php conditional statements are there?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(c) 4

Question 2.
When the condition in If-else block fails then …………………………. block will be executed?
(a) if
(b) else
(c) Nested if
(d) while
Answer:
(b) else

Question 3.
The ……………………….. statement is used to perform different actions based on different conditions.
Answer:
switch

Question 4.
The …………………………… block will be executed if it is not matched with any of the case values in switch.
Answer:
default

Question 5.
The if statement contains ………………………….. expressions.
(a) arithmetic
(b) logical
(c) boolean
(d) Terriary
Answer:
(c) boolean

Question 6.
If statements have to be given in …………………………
(a) ( )
(b) <>
(c) [ ]
(d) { }
Answer:
(a) ( )

Question 7.
The block of statements have to be enclosed with
(a) ( )
(b) <>
(c) [ ]
(d) { }
Answer:
(d) { }

Question 8.
Which of the following can check for multiple values at a time?
(a) If
(b) If else
(c) Nested else
(d) Switch
Answer:
(d) Switch

II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Give the Syntax for If else if else statements in php?
Answer:
if (1st condition)
{
Execute statement(s) if condition is true;
}
elseif(2nd condition)
{
Execute statement(s) if 2nd condition is true;
}
else
{
Execute statement(s) if both conditions are false;
}

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Model Question Paper 4 English Medium Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Model Question Papers helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Model Question Paper 4 English Medium

Instructions

• The question paper comprises of four parts.
• You are to attempt all the parts. An internal choice of questions is provided wherever applicable.
• All questions of Part I, II, III and IV are to be attempted separately.
• Question numbers 1 to 14 in Part I are Multiple Choice Quèstions of one-mark each. These are to be answered by choosing the most suitable answer from the given four alternatives and.writing the option code and the corresponding answer.
• Question numbers 15 to 28 in Part II àre two-marks questions. These are to be answered in about one or two sentences.
• Question numbers 29 to 42 in Part III are five-marks questions. These are to be answered in about three to five short sentences.
• Question numbers 43 to 44 in Part IV are eight-marks questions. These are to be answered in detail. Draw diagrams wherever necessary.

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 100

PART – 1

I. Choose the correct answer. Answer all the questions. [14 × 1 = 14]

Question 1.
If there are 10 relations from a set A = {1, 2, 3,4, 5} to a set B, then the number of elements in B is ………….. .
(1) 3
(2) 2
(3) 4
(4) 8
Answer:
(2) 2

Question 2.
If g = {(1,1),(2, 3),(3,5),(4,7)} is a function given by g(x) = αx + β then the values of α and β are ………….. .
(1) (-1,2)
(2) (2,-1)
(3) (-1,-2)
(4) (1,2)
Answer:
(2) (2,-1)

Question 3.
If 7^4k = ………….. (mod 100)
(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4
Answer:
(1) 1

Question 4.
The next term ot the sequence \(\frac{3}{16}, \frac{1}{8}, \frac{1}{12}, \frac{1}{18}\) is ………….. .
(1) \(\frac{1}{24}\)
(2) \(\frac{1}{27}\)
(3) \(\frac{2}{3}\)
(4) \(\frac{1}{81}\)
Answer:
(2) \(\frac{1}{27}\)

Question 5.
If (x – 6) is the HCF of x² – 2x – 24 and x² – kx – 6 then the value of K is ………….. .
(1) 3
(2) 5
(3) 6
(4) 8
Answer:
(2) 5

Question 6.
Find the matrix X if 2X + \(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 3 \\ 5 & 7 \end{matrix} \right] =\left[ \begin{matrix} 5 & 7 \\ 9 & 5 \end{matrix} \right]\) ………….. .
(1) \(\left[ \begin{matrix} -2 & -2 \\ 2 & -1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
(2) \(\left[ \begin{matrix} 2 & 2 \\ 2 & -1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
(3) \(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 2 \end{matrix} \right] \)
(4) \(\left[ \begin{matrix} 2 & 1 \\ 2 & 2 \end{matrix} \right] \)
Answer:
(2) \(\left[ \begin{matrix} 2 & 2 \\ 2 & -1 \end{matrix} \right] \)

Question 7.
The two tangents from an external points P to a circle with centre at O are PA and PB. If ∠APB = 70° then the value of ∠AOB is ………….. .
(1) 100°
(2) 110°
(3) 120°
(4) 130°
Answer:
(2) 110°

Question 8.
The equation of a line passing through the origin and perpendicular to the line 7x – 3y + 4 = 0 is ………….. .
(1)7x – 3y + 4 = 0
(2) 3x – 7y + 4 = 0
(3) 3x + 7y = 0
(4) 7x – 3y = 0
Answer:
(3) 3x + 7y = 0

Question 9.
If x = a tan θ and y = b sec θ then ………….. .
(1) \(\frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}-\frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}=1\)
(2) \(\frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}-\frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}=1\)
(3) \(\frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}-\frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}=0\)
(4) \(\frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}-\frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}=0\)
Answer:
(1) \(\frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}-\frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}=1\)

Question 10.
The ratio of the volumes of a cylinder, a cone and a sphere, if each has the same diameter and same height is ………….. .
(1) 1:2:3
(2) 2:1:3
(3) 1:3:2
(4) 3:1:2
Answer:
(4) 3:1:2

Question 11.
The probability of getting a job for a person is \(\frac { x }{ 3 }\). If the probability of not getting the job is \(\frac { 2 }{ 3 }\) then the value of x is ………….. .
(1) 2
(2) 1
(3) 3
(4) 1.5
Answer:
(2) 1

Question 12.
Variance of the first 11 natural numbers is ………….. .
(1) √5
(2) √10
(3) 5√2
(4) 10
Answer:
(4) 10

Question 13.
If α and β are the roots of the equation ax² + bx + c = 0 then (α + β)² is ………….. .
(1) \(-\frac{b^{2}}{a^{2}}\)
(2) \(\frac{c^{2}}{a^{2}}\)
(3) \(\frac{b^{2}}{a^{2}}\)
(4) \(\frac{b c}{a}\)
Answer:
(3) \(\frac{b^{2}}{a^{2}}\)

Question 14.
If K(x) = 3x – 9 and L(x) = 7x – 10 then Lok is ………….. .
(1) 21x + 73
(2) -21x + 73
(3) 21x – 73
(4) 22x – 73
Answer:
(3) 21x – 73

PART – II

II. Answer any ten questions. Question No. 28 is compulsory. [10 × 2 = 20]

Question 15.
Let A = {1,2,3,4,…, 45} and R be the relation defined as “is square of ” on A. Write R as a subset of A × A. Also, find the domain and range of R.
Answer:
A = {1,2,3,4. . . .45} .
The relation is defined as “is square of’
R = {(1, 1) (2, 4) (3, 9) (4, 16) (5, 25) (6, 36)} .
Domain of R = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Range of R = {1,4,9,16,25,36}

Question 16.
If f(x) = 3x – 2, g(x) = 2x + k and if fog = gof, then find the value of k.
Answer:
f(x) = 3x – 2, g(x) = 2x + k
fog(x) = f(g(x)) = f(2x + k) = 3(2x + k) – 2 = 6x + 3k – 2
Thus, fog(x) = 6x + 3k – 2.
gof(x) = g(3x – 2) = 2(3x – 2) + k
Thus, gof(x) = 6x – 4 + k.
Given that fog = gof
Therefore, 6x + 3k – 2 = 6x – 4 + k
6x – 6x + 3k – k = – 4 + 2 ⇒ k = – 1

Question 17.
Find the rational form of the number \(0 . \overline{123}\).
Answer:
Letx = \(0 . \overline{123}\)
= 0.123123123….
= 0.123 + 0.000123 + 000000123 + ….
This is an infinite G.P
Here a = 0.123, r = \(\frac{0.000123}{0.123}\) = 0.001
S_n = \(\frac{a}{1-r}=\frac{0.123}{1-0.001}=\frac{0.123}{0.999}=. \frac{41}{333}\)

Question 18.
How many consecutive odd integers beginning with 5 will sum to 480?
Answer:
First term (a) = 5
Common difference (d) = 2 (consecutive odd integer)
S_n = 480

\(\frac { n }{ 2 }\) [2a + (n – 1)d] = 480
\(\frac { n }{ 2 }\) [10 + (n – 1)2] = 480
\(\frac { n }{ 2 }\) [10 + 2n – 2] = 480
\(\frac { n }{ 2 }\) (8 + 2 n) = 480
n( 4 + n) = 480
4n + n² – 480 = 0
n² + 4n – 480 = 0
(n + 24) (n – 20) = 0
n + 24 = 0 or n – 20 = 0
n = -24 or n = 20 [number of terms cannot be negative]
∴ Number of consecutive odd integers is 20

Question 19.
Simplify \(\frac{5 t^{3}}{4 t-8} \times \frac{6 t-12}{10 t}\)
Answer:

Question 20.
Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization method √2x² + 7x + 5 √2 = 0
Answer:
√2x² + 7x + 5√2 = 0
√2x² + 2x + 5x + 5√2 = 0
√2x(x + √2) + 5(x + √2) = 0
(x + √2) + 5(x + √2) = 0

(x + √2) or 5(x + √2) = 0 (equate the product of factors to zero)
x = -√2 or √2x = -5 x ⇒ x = \(\frac{-5}{\sqrt{2}}\)
The roots are -√2, \(\frac{-5}{\sqrt{2}}\)

Question 21.
Find the value of a, b, c, d from the equation \(\begin{pmatrix} a-b & 2a+c \\ 2a-b & 3c+d \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 5 \\ 0 & 2 \end{pmatrix}\)
Answer:
The given matrices are equal. Thus all corresponding elements are equal.
Therefore, a – b = 1 …(1)
2a + c = 5 …(2)
2a – b = 0 ….(3)
3c + d = 2 …(4)
(3) gives 2a – b = 0 …(4)
2 a = b …(5)
Put 2a = b in equation (1), a – 2a = 1 gives a = -1
Put a = -1 in equation (5), 2(-1) = b gives b = -2 .
Put a = -1 in equation (2), 2(-1) + c = 5 gives c = 7
Put c = 7 in equation (4), 3(7) + d = 2 gives = -19
Therefore, a = -1, b = -2, c = 7, d = -19

Question 22.
In ∆ABC, D and E are points on the sides AB and AC respectively such that DE || BC If AD = 8x -7 , DB = 5x – 3 , AE = 4x – 3 and EC = 3x – 1, find the value of x.
Answer:

Given AD = 8x – 7; BD = 5x – 3; AE = 4x – 3; EC = 3x – 1
In ∆ABC we have DE || BC
By Basic proportionality theorem
\(\frac{A D}{D B}=\frac{A E}{E C}\)
\(\frac{8 x-7}{5 x-3}=\frac{4 x-3}{3 x-1}\)
(8x – 7) (3x -1) = (4x -3) (5x -3)
24x² – 8x – 21x + 7 = 20x² – 12x – 15x + 9
24x² – 20x² – 29x + 27x + 7 – 9 = 0
4x² – 2x – 2 = 0 .
2x² – x – 1 = 0 (Divided by 2)
2x² – 2x + x – 1 = 0

2x(x – 1) + 1 (x – 1) = 0
(x – 1) (2x + 1) = 0
x – 1 = 0 or 2x + 1 = 0
x = 1 or 2x = -1 ⇒ x = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) (Negative value will be omitted)
The value of x = 1

Question 23.
The hill in the form of a right triangle has its foot at (19, 3) . The inclination of the hill to the ground is 45°. Find the equation of the hill joining the foot and top.
Answer:

Slope of AB (m) = tan 45° = 1
Equation of the hill joining the foot and the top is 45°
y – y₁ = m(x – x₁
y – 3 = 1(x – 19)
y – 3 = x – 19
– x + y – 3 + 19 = 0
– x + y + 16 = 0
x – y – 16=0
The required equation is x – y – 16 = 0

Question 24.
Prove that \(\sqrt{\frac{1+\sin \theta}{1-\sin \theta}}\) = sec θ + tan θ
Answer:

Question 25.
If the total surface area of a cone of radius 7cm is 704 cm², then find its slant height.
Answer:
Given that, radius r = 7 cm
Now, total surface area of the cone = πr(l + r)sq. units
T.S.A = 704 cm²
704 = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) × 7(l + 7)
32 = l + 7 implies l = 25 cm
Therefore, slant height of the cone is 25 cm.

Question 26.
The first term of an A.P is 6 and the common difference is 5. Find the A.P and its general term.
Answer:
Given a = 6, d = 5
General term t_n = a + (n – 1) d
= 6 + (n – 1)5
= 6 + 5n – 5
= 5n + 1
The general form of the A.P is a, a + d, a + 2d ………
The A.P. is 6, 11, 16, 21 …. 5n + 1

Question 27.
If θ is an acute angle and tan θ + cot θ = 2 find the value of tan⁷θ + cot⁷θ
Answer:
Given tan θ + cot θ = 2
tan θ + \(\frac{1}{\tan \theta}\) = 2
\(\frac{\tan ^{2} \theta+1}{\tan \theta}\) = 2
tan²θ + 1 = 2 tan θ
tan²θ – 2 tan θ + 1 = 0
(tan θ – 1)² = 0
∴ tanθ – 1 = 0
tanθ = 1
tanθ = tan45 ⇒ θ = 45°
tan⁷θ + cot⁷θ = tan⁷45° + cot ⁷45°
= (1)⁷ + (1)^{7
= 2}

Question 28.
Cards marked with the numbers 2 to 101 are placed in a box and mixed thoroughly one card is drawn from this box. Find the probability that the number on the card is a number which is a perfect square.
Answer:
Sample space = {2, 3, 4,… 101}
n(s) = 100
Let A be the event of getting perfect square numbers
A= {4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100}
n(A) = 9
P(A) = \(\frac{n(\mathrm{A})}{n(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{9}{100}\)
Probability of getting a card marked with a number which is a perfect square is \(\frac{9}{100}\)

PART – III

III. Answer any ten questions. Question No. 42 is compulsory. [10 × 5 = 50]

Question 29.
Consider the functions f(x) = x², g(x) = 2x and h(x) = x + 4 Show that (fog)oh = fo(goh)
Answer:
f(x) = x² ; g(x) = 2x and h(x) = x + 4
(fog) x = f[g(x)]
= f( 2X)
= (2x)²
= 4x²
(fog) oh (x) = fog [h(x)]
= fog(x + 4)
= 4(x + 4)²
= 4[x² + 8x + 16]
= 4x² + 32x + 64 ….(1)
goh (x) = g[h(x)]
= g(x + 4)
= 2(x + 4)
= 2x + 8
fo(goh)x = fo[goh(x)}
= f[2x + 8}
= (2x + 8)²
= 4x² + 32x + 64 ……. (2)
From (1) and (2) we get (fog) oh = fo(goh)

Question 30.

(i) f(4)
(ii) f(-2)
(iii) f(4) + 2f(1)
(iv) \(\frac{f(1)-3 f(4)}{f(-3)}\)
Answer:
The function f is defined by three values in intervals I, II, III as shown by the side

For a given value of x = a, find out the interval at which the point a is located, there after find f(a) using the particular value defined in that interval.
(i) First, we see that, x = 4 lie in the third interval.
Therefore, f(x) = 3x – 2 ; f(4) = 3(4) – 2 = 10

(ii) x = -2 lies in the second interval.
Therefore, f(x) = x² – 2 ; f(-2) = (-2)² – 2 = 2

(iii) From (i), f(4) = 10.
To find f(1), first we see that x = 1 lies in the second interval.
Therefore,f(x) = x² – 2 => f(1) = 1² – 2 = -1
So, f(4) + 2f(1) = 10 + 2 (-1) = 8

(iv) We know that f(1) = -1 and f(4) = 10.
For finding f(-3), we see that x = -3 , lies in the first interval.
Therefore, f(x) = 2x + 7; thus, f(-3) = 2(-3) + 7 = 1
Hence, \(\frac{f(1)-3 f(4)}{f(-3)}=\frac{-1-3(10)}{1}=-31\)

Question 31.
If (m + 1)^th term of an A.P. is twice the (n + 1)^th> term, then prove that (3m + 1)^th term is twice the (m + n + 1)^th term.
Answer:
t_n = a + (n – 1)d
Given t_m+1 = 2 t_n+1
a + (m + 1 – 1)d = 2[a + (n + 1 – 1)d]
a + md = 2(a + nd) ⇒ a + md = 2a + 2nd
md – 2nd = a
d(m – 2n) = a ……. (1)
To prove that t_{3m + 1} = 2(t_{3m + n + 1})
L.H.S. = t_{3m + 1}
= a + (3m + 1 – 1 )d
= a + 3md
= d(m – 2n) + 3md (from 1)
= md – 2nd + 3md
= 4md – 2nd
= 2d (2m – n)

R.H.S. = 2 (t_{m + n + 1})
= 2[a + (m + n + 1 – 1) d]
= 2 [a + (m + n)d]
= 2 [d (m – 2n) + md + nd)] (from 1)
= 2 [dm – 2nd + md + nd]
= 2 [2md – nd] = 2d (2m – n)
R.H.S = L.H.S
∴ t_{(3m + 1)}= 2t_{(m + n + 1)}

Question 32.
Find the sum to n terms of the series 5 + 55 + 555 + ….
Answer:
The series is neither Arithmetic nor Geometric series. So it can be split into two series and then find the sum.
5 + 55 + 555 + …. + n terms = 5[1 + 11 + 111 + …. + n terms]
= \(\frac { 5 }{ 9 }\)[9 + 99 + 999 + …. + « terms]
= \(\frac { 5 }{ 9 }\)[(10 – 1) + (100 – 1) + (1000 – 1) + …. + n terms)]
= \(\frac { 5 }{ 9 }\)[(10 + 100 + 1000 + …. +n terms) -n]
= \(\frac{5}{9}\left[\frac{10\left(10^{n}-1\right)}{(10-1)}-n\right]=\frac{50\left(10^{n}-1\right)}{81}-\frac{5 n}{9}\)

Question 33.
Vani, her father and her grand father have an average age of 53. One-half of her grand father’s age plus one-third of her father’s age plus one fourth of Vani’s age is 65. If 4 years ago Vani’s grandfather was four times as old as Vani then how old are they all now?
Answer:
Let the age of Vani be”x” years
Vani father age = “y” years
Vani grand father = “z” years
By the given first condition.
\(\frac{x+y+z}{3}=53\)
x + y + z = 159….(1)
By the given 2nd condition.
\(\frac{1}{2} z+\frac{1}{3} y+\frac{1}{4} x=65\)
Multiply by 12
6z + 4y +3x = 780
3x + 4y + 6z = 780 ….(2)
By the given 3^rd condition
z – 4 = 4 (x – 4) ⇒ z – 4 = 4x – 16
-4x + z = -16 + 4
4x – z = 12 ….(3)

Substitute the value of x = 24 in (3)
4 (24) – z = 12
96 – z = 12
-Z = 12 – 96
z = 84
Substitute the value of
x = 24 and z = 84 in (1)
24 + y + 84 = 159
y + 108 = 159
y = 159 – 108
= 51
Vani age = 24 years
Vani’s father age = 51 years
Vani – grand father age = 84 years

Question 34.
If A = \(\left( \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 2 & -1 & 1 \end{matrix} \right)\) and B = \(\left( \begin{matrix} 2 & -1 \\ -1 & 4 \\ 0 & 2 \end{matrix} \right)\) show that (AB)^T = B^TA^T
Answer:

Question 35.
In figure, O is the centre of the circle with radius 5 cm. T is a point such that OT = 13 cm and OT intersects the circle E, if AB is the tangent to the circle at E, find the length of AB.
Answer:

In the right ∆ OTP,
PT² = OT² – OP²
= 13² – 5²
= 169 – 25 = 144
PT = √144 = 12 cm
Since lengths of tangent drawn from a point to circle are equal.
∴ AP = AE = x .
AT = PT – AP
= (12 – x) cm
Since AB is the tangent to the circle E.
∴ OE ⊥ AB .
∠OEA= 90°
∠AET = 90°
In ∆AET, AT² = AE² + ET²
In the right triangle AET,
AT² = AE² + ET²
(12 – x)² = x² + (13 – 5)²
144 – 24x + x² = x² + 64
24x = 80 ⇒ x = \(\frac{80}{24}=\frac{20}{6}=\frac{10}{3}\)
BE = \(\frac{10}{3}\) cm
AB = AE + BE
= \(\frac{10}{3}+\frac{10}{3}=\frac{20}{3}\)
∴ Length of AB = \(\frac{20}{3}\) cm

Question 36.
Find the area of the quadrilateral whose vertices are at (-9, 0), (-8, 6), (-1, -2) and (-6,-3)
Answer:

Let the vertices A(-9, 0), B(-8, 6), C(-1, -2) and D(-6, -3)
Plot the vertices in a graph and take them in counter – clock wise order.
Area of the Quadrilateral DCB
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [(x₁y₂ + x₂y₃ + x₃y₄ + x₄y₁) – (x₂y₁ + x₃y₂ + x₄y₃ + x₁y₄ )]

= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [27 + 12- 6 + 0 -(0 + 3 + 16 – 54)]
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [33 -(-35)]
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [33 + 35] = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 68 = 34 sq. units.
Area of the Quadrilateral = 34 sq. units

Question 37.
A pole 5 m high is fixed on the top of a tower. The angle of elevation of the top of the pole observed from a point ‘A’ on the ground is 60° and the angle of depression to the point ‘A’ from the top of the tower is 45°. Find the height of the tower. (√3 = 1.732)
Answer:
Let BC be the height of the tower and CD be the height of the pole.
Let‘A’be the point of observation.
Let BC = x and AB = y.
From the diagram,

∠BAD = 60° and ∠XCA = 45° = ∠BAC ,
In right triangle ABC, tan 45° = \(\frac{B C}{A B}\)
gives 1 = \(\frac { x }{ y }\) so, x = y …… (1)
In right triangle ABD, tan60° = \(\frac{B D}{A B}=\frac{B C+C D}{A B}\)
gives √3 = \(\) so, √3y = x + 5
we get √3x = x + 5 [From (1)]

Hence, height of the tower is 6.83 m.

Question 38.
A shuttle cock used for playing badminton has the shape of a frustum of a cone is mounted on a hemisphere. The diameters of the frustum are 5 cm and 2 cm. The height of the entire shuttle cock is 7 cm. Find its external surface area.
Answer:

Radius of the lower end of the frustum (r) = 1 cm
Radius of the upper end of the frustum (R) = 2.5 cm
Height of the frustum (h) = 6 cm
Let “l” be the slant height of the frustum
l = \(\sqrt{h^{2}+(\mathrm{R}-r)^{2}}\)
= \(\sqrt{6^{2}+(2.5-1)^{2}}\)
= \(\sqrt{36+2.25}\) = \(\sqrt{38.25}\)
= 6.18 cm
External surface area of shuttle cock = C.S.Aof the frustum + C.S.Aof a hemisphere
= πl(R + r) + 2 πr²
= π [6.18 (2.5 + 1) + 2 × 1²] cm²
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\)[6.18 × 3.5 + 2]
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) × (21.63 + 2)
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) × 23.63 cm² = 74.26 cm²
External surface area = 74.26 cm²

Question 39.
The mean and variance of seven observations are 8 and 16 respectively. If five of these are 2, 4,10,12 and 14, then find the remaining two observations.
Answer:
Let the missing two observation be ‘a’ and ‘b’
Arithmetic mean = 8

\(\frac{2+4+10+12+14+a+b}{7}\) = 8 ⇒ \(\frac{42+a+b}{7}\) = 8
a + b + 42 = 56
a + b = 56 – 42
a + b = 14 ……… (1)
Variance = 16
Variance = \(\frac{\Sigma x_{i}^{2}}{n}-\left(\frac{\Sigma x_{i}}{n}\right)^{2}\)

560 – 460 = a² + b²
a² + b² = 100 ⇒ (a + b)² – 2ab = 100 [a² + b² = (a+b)² – 2 ab]
14² – 2 ab = 100 ⇒ 196 – 2 ab = 100 [a + b = 14(from (1)]
196 – 100 = 2ab
96 = 2ab ⇒ ab = \(\frac{96}{2}\) = 48
∴ b = \(\frac{48}{a}\) …… (2)
Substitute thr value of b = \(\frac{48}{a}\) in (1)
a + \(\frac{48}{a}\) = 14 ⇒ a² + 48 = 14a
a² – 14a + 48 = 0 ⇒ (a – 6) (a – 8) = 0
a = 6 or 8
when a = 6
b = \(\frac{48}{a}=\frac{48}{6}=8\) = 8

when a = 8
b = \(\frac{48}{a}=\frac{48}{6}=8\) = 6

∴ Missing observation is 8 and 6 (or) 6 and 8

Question 40.
From a solid circular cylinder with height 10 cm and radius of the base 6 cm, a right circular cone of the same height and same base is removed. Find (i) the volume of the remaining solid also, find (ii) the whole surface area.
Answer:
Circular cylinder
Radius of the base (r) = 6 cm
Height of the cylinder (h) = 10 cm

Circular Cone
Radius of the base (R) = 6 cm
Height of the cone (H) = 10 cm

(i) Volume of the remaining solid = Volume of the cylinder – Volume of the cone

= πr²h – \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\)πR²H
= π(r²h – \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\)R²H)
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) [6 × 6 × 10 – \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\) × 6 × 6 × 10] cm²
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) [360 – 120] cm³
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) × 240 cm³
= \(\frac { 5280 }{ 7 }\) cm³ = 754.29 cm³

(ii) Slant height of a cone = \(\sqrt{h^{2}+r^{2}}\)
= \(\sqrt{10^{2}+6^{2}}\)
= \(\sqrt{100+36}\)
= \(\sqrt{136}\) = 11.66 cm
Whole surface area of the solid = curved surface area of the cylinder + curved surface area of the cone + base area
= 2 πrh + πRI + πr²
= π[2 × 6 × 10 + 6 × 11.66 + 6 × 6]
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\)[120 + 69.96 + 36] cm²
= \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) × 225.96 cm²
= \(\frac { 4971.12 }{ 7 }\) cm²
= 710.16 cm²
(i) Volume of the remaining solid = 754.29 cm³
(ii) whole surface area = 710.16 cm²

Question 41.
If a and p are the roots of the equation 3x² – 6x + 1=0 form the equation whose roots are 2α + β and 2β + α
Answer:
α and β are the roots of 3x² – 6x + 1 = 0
α + β = \(\frac { 6 }{ 3 }\) = 2
αβ = \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\)
Given the roots are 2α + β; 2β + α
Sum of the roots = 2α + β + 2β + α
= 2(α + β) + (α + β)
= 2(2) + 2
= 6
Product of roots = (2α + β) (2β + α)
= 4αβ + 2α² + 2β² + αβ
= 5αβ + 2(α² + β²)
5αβ + 2[(α + β)² – 2αβ]
= 5 × \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\) + 2 (4 – 2 × \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\))
= \(\frac { 5 }{ 3 }\) + \(2\left(\frac{12-2}{3}\right)\)
= \(\frac { 5 }{ 3 }\) + 2 × \(\frac { 10 }{ 3 }\)
= \(\frac{5}{3}+\frac{20}{3}\)
= \(\frac { 25 }{ 3 }\)
The quadratic polynomial is x² – (sum of the roots)x – product of the roots = 0
x² – 6x + \(\frac { 25 }{ 3 }\) = 0
3x² – 18x + 25 = 0

Question 42.
Tw o dice are rolled simultaneously. Find the probability that that sum of the numbers on the faces is neither divisible by 3 nor by 4.
Answer:
Sample space = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (3.1) , (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6), (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6), (5.1) , (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6), (6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}
n(S) = 36
Let A be the event of getting the sum is divisible by 3 ‘
A = { (1,2) (2,1) (1,5) (5,1) (2,4) (4,2) (3,3) (3,6) (6,3) (4,5) (5,4) (6,6)}
n (A) = 12
P(A) = \(\frac{n(\mathrm{A})}{n(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{12}{36}\)
Let B be the event of getting a sum is divisible by 4.
B = {(1,3) (2,2) (2,6) (3,1) (3,5) (4,4) (5,3) (6,2) (6,6)} n (B) = 9
n(B) = 9
P(B) = \(\frac{n(\mathrm{B})}{n(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{9}{36}\)
A ∩ B = {(6,6)}
n(A ∩ B) = 1
P(A ∩ B) = \(\frac{n(\mathrm{A} \cap \mathrm{B})}{n(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{1}{36}\)
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P (A ∩ B)
\(=\frac{12}{36}+\frac{9}{36}-\frac{1}{36}\)
\(=\frac{12+9-1}{36}=\frac{20}{36}\)
Neither divisible by 3 nor by 4
P(A’ ∩ B’) = P(A ∪ B)’
= 1 – p(A ∪ B) = 1 – \(\frac{20}{36}=\frac{36-20}{36}\)
= \(\frac{16}{36}=\frac{4}{9}\)

PART-IV

IV. Answer all the questions. [2 × 8 = 16]

Question 43.
(a) Draw the two tangents from a point which is 10 cm away from the centre of a circle of radius 5 cm. Also, measure the lengths of the tangents.
Answer:


Steps of construction:

1. With. O as centre, draw a circle of radius 5 cm.
2. Draw a line OP = 10 cm.
3. Draw a perpendicular bisector of OP, which cuts OP at M.
4. With M as centre and MO as radius draw a circle which cuts previous circle at A and B.
5. Join AP and BP. AP and BP are the required tangents.

Verification: In the right ∆ OAP
PA² = OP² – OA²
= 10² – 5² = \(\sqrt{100-25}\) = √75 = 8.7 cm.
Length of the tangent is 8.7 cm

[OR]

(b) Construct a ∆PQR which the base PQ = 4.5 cm, R = 35° and the median from R to RG is 6 cm.
Answer:


Steps of construction

1. Draw a line segment PQ = 4.5 cm
2. At P, draw PE such that ∠QPE = 60°
3. At P, draw PF such that ∠EPF = 90°
4. Draw the perpendicular bisect to PQ, which intersects PF at O and PQ at G.
5. With O as centre and OP as radius draw a circle.
6. From G mark arcs of radius 5.8 cm on the circle. Mark them at R and S
7. Join PR and RQ. PQR is the required triangle.
8. 

Question 44.
(a) Draw the graph of y = x² and hence solve x² – 4x – 5 = 0.
Answer:
Given equations are y = x² and x² – 4x – 5 = 0
(i) Assume the values of x from – 4 to 5.

(ii) Plot the points (-4, 16), (- 3, 9), (-2,4), (-1, 1), (0, 0), (1, 1), (2,4), (3, 9), (4, 16), (5, 25).
(iii) Join the points by a smooth curve.
(iv) Solve the given equations


(v) The points of intersection of the line and the parabola are (-1, 1) and (5, 25).
The x-coordinates of the points are -1 and 5.
Thus solution set is {- 1, 5}.

[OR]

(b) Draw the graph of y – x² -5x – 6 and hence solve x² – 5x – 14 = 0
Answer:
Let y = x² – 5x – 6
(i) Draw the graph of y = x² – 5x – 6 by preparing the table of values as below.

(ii) Plot the points (-3, 18), (-2, 8), (-1, 0), (0, -6), (1, -10), (2, -12), (3, -12), (4, -10), (5, -6), (6, 0) and (7, 8).
(iii) Join the points by a free hand to get smooth curve.
(iv) To solve x² – 5x – 14 = 0, subtract x² – 5x – 14 = 0 from y = x² – 5x – 6.

The equation y = 8 represent a straight line draw a straight line through y = 8 intersect the curve at two places. From the two points draw perpendicular line to the X – axis it will intersect at -2 and 7.
The solution is -2 and 7

Students can Download Computer Applications Chapter 9 Connecting PHP and MYSQL Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 9 Connecting PHP and MYSQL

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Connecting PHP and MYSQL Text Book Back Questions and Answers

PART – I
I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
Which one of the following statements instantiates the mysqli class?
(a) mysqli = new mysqli( )
(b) $mysqli = new mysqli( )
(c) $mysqli->new.mysqli( )
(d) mysqli->new.mysqli( )
Answer:
(b) $mysqli = new mysqli( )

Question 2.
which one is correct way, we can retrieve the data in the result set of MySQL using PHP?
(a) mysql_fetch_row
(b) mysql_fetch_array
(c) mysql_fetch_object
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 3.
How Can we Create a Database Using PHP and MySQL?
(a) mysqli_create_db(“Database Name”)
(b) mysqli_create_db(“Data”)
(c) create_db(“Database Name”)
(d) create_db(“Data”)
Answer:
(a) mysqli_create_db(“Database Name”)

Question 4.
Which is the correct function to execute the SQL queries in PHP?
(a) mysqli_query(“Connection Object”,“SQL Query”)
(b) query(“Connection Object”, “SQL Query”)
(c) mysql_query(“Connection Object”,“SQL Query”)
(d) mysql_query(“SQL Query”)
Answer:
(a) mysqli_query(“Connection Object”,“SQL Query”)

Question 5.
Which is the correct function Closing Connection in PHP?
(a) mysqli_close(“Connection Object”)
(b) close(“Connection Object”);
(c) mysql_close(“Connection Object”)
(d) mysqli_close(“Database Object”);
Answer:
(a) mysqli_close(“Connection Object”)

Question 6.
Which is the correct function-to establish Connection in PHP?
(a) mysqli_connect(“Server Name”,“User Name”,“Password”,“DB Name”);
(b) connect(“Server Name”,“User Name”,“Password”,“DB Name”);
(c) mysql_connect(“Server Name”,“User Name”,“Password”,“DB Name”);
(d) mysqli connect (“Database Object”);
Answer:
(a) mysqli_connect(“Server Name”,“User Name”,“Password”,“DB Name”);

Question 7.
Which is the not a correct MySQL Function in PHP?
(a) Mysqli_connect( ) Function
(b) Mysqli_close( ) Function
(c) mysqli_Select_data( ) Function
(d) mysqli_affected_rows( ) Function
Answer:
(c) mysqli_Select_data( ) Function

Question 8.
How many parameter are required for MYSQLi connect function in PHP?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(c) 4

Question 9.
How many parameter are required for MYSQLi query function in PHP?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(a) 2

Question 10.
How many parameter are required for MYSQLi Close function in PHP?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 5
Answer:
(a) 1

Question 11.
Which version of PHP supports MySQLi functions?
(a) Version 2.0
(b) Version 3.0
(c) Version 4.0
(d) Version 5.0
Answer:
(d) Version 5.0

PART – II
II. Short Answer

Question 1.
What are the MySQLi function available PHP?
Answer:

1. Mysqli_connect( ) Function
2. Mysqli_close( ) Function
3. mysqli_select_db( ) Function
4. mysqli_affected_rows( ) Function
5. mysqli_connect_error( ) Function
6. mysqlifetchassoc( ) Function

Question 2.
What is MySQLi function?
Answer:
MySQLi functions:

1. The Mysqli functions allows you to access MySQL database servers.
2. For the MySQL functions to be available, you must compile PHP with support for the MySQLi extension.

Question 3.
What are the types MySQLi function available PHP?
Answer:
Types of MySQL Functions in PHP:

1. Database connections
2. Managing Database connections
3. Performing Queries
4. Closing connection

Question 4.
Difference between Connection and Close function?
Answer:
Connection:

1. Before accessing MySQL Database, connect to Database Server machine via PHP scripting language using Mysqli_ connect( ) Function.
2. This function requires 4 parameters.

Close function:

1. mysqli close( ) Function is used to close an existing opened database connection between PHP scripting and MySQL Database Server.
2. This function requires only one parameter.

Question 5.
Give few examples of MySQLi Queries?
Answer:
$sql=“SELECT student_name,student_age FROM student”;mysqli_query($con,$sql); sql stmt = “SELECT * FROM my contacts”;
$result = mysqli_query($connection,$sql_stmt).

Question 6.
What is Connection string?
Answer:
The variables are used to connect to the Database server. They are

1. $servername → Database Server IP address
2. $usemame → Database Server User Name
3. $password → Database Server Password
4. $DB_Name → Database Name

The mysqli connect function uses these variables and connect Database server from PHP scripting. If connection gets fail, output will be printed with MySQL error code. Otherwise connection is success.

Question 7.
What is web Database?
Answer:
Web Database:
A web database is a wide term for managing data online. A web database gives you the ability to build your own databases.
Ex. Bank, airline and rental car reservation.

Question 8.
What is mysqli_fetch_assoc( ) Function?
Answer:
mysqli_fetch_assoc( );
Fetches a result row as an associative array.
Syntax:
mysqli_fetch_assoc(result);

Question 9.
Define mysqli_connect_error( ) Function?
Answer:
mysqli connect_error( ):
It returns the error description from the last connection error.
Syntax:
mysqli_connect_ertror( ):

Question 10.
Define mysqii_affected_rows( ) Function?
Answer:
my sql i_affected_rows( ):
mysqli_affected_rows( ) returns the number of affected rows in the previous MYSQL operation.

Syntax:
mysqli_affected_rows(connection)

PART – III
III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write the Syntax for MySQLi Queries?
Answer:
Syntax:
mysqli_query(“Connection Object’’,“SQL Query”)

Question 2.
Write is the purpose of MySQLi function available?
Answer:
MySQL Function in PHP
In PHP Scripting language many functions are available for MySQL Database connectivity and executing SQL queries.MySQLi is extension in PHP scripting language which gives access to the MYSQL database. MySQLi extension was introduced version 5.0.0.

The MySQLi extension contains the following important functions which are related to MySQL database connectivity and management.

1. Mysqli_connect( ) Function
2. Mysqli_close( ) Function
3. mysqli_select_db( ) Function
4. mysqli_affected_rows( ) Function
5. mysqli_connect_error( ) Function
6. mysqli_fetch_assoc( ) Function

Question 3.
Differentiate mysqli_affected_rows( ) Function and mysqli_fetch_assoc( ) Function?
Answer:
Fetch assoc( )
mysqli_fetch_assoc( ):
Fetches a result row as an associative array.

Syntax:
mysqli fetch_assoc(result)

Affected rows( )
my sqli_affected_ro ws( ):
mysqli affected_rows( ) returns the number of affected rows in the previous MYSQL operation.

Syntax:
mysqli_affected_rows(connection)

Question 4.
Write MySQL Connection Syntax with example?
Answer:
Syntax:
mysqli_eonnect(“Server Name”, “User Name”, “password”, “DB Name”);
Example:
<?php
Sservername = “localhost”;
Susername = “username”;
Spassword = “password”;
$DB_name = “SchooLDB”;
// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servemame, Susername, Spassword,$DB_name);

Question 5.
Write a note PHP MySQL database connection?
Answer:
Database Connections:
Before accessing MySQL Database, connect to Database Server machine via PHP scripting language using Mysqli_connect() Function.

Syntax:
mysqli_connect(“Server Name”, “User Name”,“Password”,“DB Name”);
This function requires four parameters to connect to database server. Database Server name, Database username, password and Database Name.

Managing Database Connections:
The below code snippet describes managing database connection methods and features. c?php
$servername = “localhost”;
$username = “username”;
$password = “password”;
$DBname = “SchoolDB”;
// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servemame, Susername, Spassword,$DB_name).

PART – IV
IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Discuss in detail about MySQL functions with example?
Answer:
MySQL Function in PHP:
In PHP Scripting language many functions are available for MySQL Database connectivity and executing SQL queries. MySQLi is extension in PHP scripting language which gives access to the MYSQL database. MySQLi extension was introduced version 5.0.0.

The MySQLi extension contains the following important functions which are related to MySQL database connectivity and management.

1. Mysqli_connect( ) Function
2. Mysqli_close( ) Function
3. mysqli_select_db( ) Function
4. mysqli_affected_rows( ) Function
5. mysqli_connect_error( ) Function
6. mysqli_fetch_assoc( ) Function

1. Database Connections:
Before accessing MySQL Database, connect to Database Server machine via PHP scripting language using Mysqli_connect() Function.
Syntax:
mysqli_connect(“Server Name”,“User Name”,“Password”,“DB Name”);
This function requires four parameters to connect to database server. Database Server name, Database username, password and Database Name.

2. Managing Database Connections:
The below code snippet describes managing database connection methods and features.
<?php
$servemame = “localhost”;
$usemame = “username”;
$password = “password”;
$DB_name = “School_DB”;
// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servemame, Susemame, $password,$DB_name);
The mysqli connect function uses these variables and connect Database server from PHP scripting. If connection gets fail, output will be printed with MySQL error code. Otherwise connection is success.

3. Performing Queries:
The main goal of MySQL and PHP connectivity is to retrieve and manipulate the data from MySQL database server. The SQL query statements are helping with PHP MySQL extension to achieve the objective of MySQL and PHP connection, “mysqliquery” is a function, helps to execute the SQL query statements in PHP scripting language.
Syntax:
mysqli_query(“Connection Object”,’’SQL Query”)

Example:
$con=mysqli_connect(“localhost”,“my_user”,“my_password”,“Student_DB “); $sql=”SELECT student_name,student_age FROM student”;mysqli_query($con,$sql);

4. Closing Connection:
mysqli_close( ) Function is used to close an existing opened database connection between PHP scripting and MySQL Database Server.

Question 2.
Explain the Database error handling and management process in PHP?
Answer:
Managing Database Connections:
The below code snippet describes managing database connection methods and features.
<?php
$servemame = “localhost”;
$username = “username”;
$password = “password”;
$DBname = “SchoolDB”;
// Create connection
Sconn = mysqli_connect($servemame, Susername, Spassword,SDBname);
// Check connection
if (! Sconn) {
die(“Ccnnection failed: “ . mysqli_connect_error( ));
}.
echo “Connected successfully”;
?>,
In the above code snippet, three variables are used to connect to the Database server. They are

1. $servemame → Database Server IP address
2. $usemame → Database Server User Name
3. $password → Database Server Password
4. $DB_Name → Database Name

The mysqli_connect function uses these variables and connect Database server from PHP scripting. If connection gets fail, output will be printed with MySQL error code. Otherwise connection is success.

Question 3.
Explain in details types of MySQL connection method in PHP?
Answer:
Database Connections:
Before accessing MySQL Database, connect to Database Server machine via PHP scripting language using Mysqli_connect( ) Function.

Syntax:
mysqli_connect(“Server Name”,“User Name”,“Password”,“DB Name”);
This function requires four parameters to connect to database server. Database Server name, Database username, password and Database Name.

Managing Database Connections:
The below code snippet describes managing database connection methods and features.
<?php
$servemame = “localhost”;
$usemame = “username”;
$password = “password”;
SDB_name = “SchoolDB”;
// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servemame, Susemame, Spassword,$DB_name);
// Check connection
if(!$conn){
die(“Connection failed: “ . mysqli_connect_error( ));
}
echo “Connected successfully”;
?>
In the above code snippet, three variables are used to connect to the Database server. They are

1. $servemame → Database Server Server IP address
2. $username → Database Server User Name
3. $password → Database Server Password
4. $DBName → Database Name

The mysqli_connect function uses these variables and connect Database server from PHP scripting. If connection gets fail, output will be printed with MySQL error code. Otherwise connection is success.

Question 4.
Explain MySQLi Queries with examples?
Answer:
Performing Queries:
The main goal of MySQL and PHP connectivity is to retrieve and manipulate the data from MySQL database server. The SQL query statements are helping with PHP MySQL extension ^to achieve the objective of MySQL and PHP connection. “mysqli_query” is a function, helps to execute the SQL query statements in PHP scripting language.

Syntax:
mysqli_query(“Connection Object” “SQL Query”)
Example:
$con=mysqli_connect(“localhost”,“my_user”,“my_password”,“Student_DB”); $sql=“SELECT student_name,student_age FROM student”;mysqli_query($con,$sql);

Closing Connection:
mysqli_close( ) Function is used to close an existing opened database connection between. PHP scripting and MySQL Database Server.

Syntax:
mysqli_close(“Connection Object”);
<?php
$con=mysqli_connect(“localhost”,“$user”,“$password”,“SCHOOLDB”);
// ….some PHP code… mysqli_close($con);
?>

Example of PHP and MySQL Program:
<?php .
$servemame = “localhost”;
$usemame = “username”;
$password = “password”;
$dbname = “schoolDB”;
$connection = mysqli_connect(“$servemame”, “$usemame”, “$password” “$dbname”);
if (mysqli_connect_error ( ))
{
echo “Failed to connect to MySQL:”
mysqli_connect_error( );
}
sql stmt = “SELECT * FROM mycontacts”; //SQL select query
$result = mysqli_query($connection,$sql_stmt);//execute SQL statement$rows =
mysqli__num_r°ws($result);// get number of rows returned
if($rows) {
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result)) {
echo ‘ID:’. $row[‘id’]. ‘<br>’;

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Connecting PHP and MYSQL Additional Question and Answer

I. Choose The Best Answer

Question 1.
The combination of PHP and MYSQL has become very popular …………………………. web scripting language in internet.
Answer:
Server side

Question 2.
According to recent Survey, approximately ………………………….. websites are running using PHP.
Answer:
544 million

Question 3.
Which is used to convert PHP code into C++?
(a) LPLP
(b) HPHP
(c) BPBP
(d) APAP
Answer:
(b) HPHP

Question 4.
Expand HPHP:
(a) W\gh Power High Power
(b) Heavy Processor Heavy Processor
(c) Hip Hop
(d) High Hop
Answer:
(c) Hip Hop

Question 5.
Which of the following has written alternative version of PHP?
(a) Facebook
(b) Twitter
(c) Instagram
(d) Whatsapp
Answer:
(a) Facebook

Question 6.
RAD meAnswer: ………………………..
(a) Rigid Application Design
(b) Rapid Application Development
(c) Rare App Design
(d) Raster Audio Development
Answer:
(b) Rapid Application Development

Question 7.
………………………….. is a server side scripting language designed for web development.
Answer:
php

Question 8.
Which is a request for data or ‘information’ from a database table?
(a) row
(b) record
(c) query
(d) report
Answer:
(c) query

Question 9.
Which is an open-source relational database management system?
(a) MySQL
(b) Foxpro
(c) MS-Access
(d) Excel
Answer:
(a) MySQL

Question 10.
Pick the odd one out.
(a) PRADO
(b) Cake
(c) cake PHP
(d) Symphony
Answer:
(b) Cake

II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Mention Some RDBMS Softwares?
Answer:
Relational Database Management System (RDMS) softwares are MySQL, Oracle, IBM DB2, and Microsoft SQLSERVER etc.

Question 2.
What is the main goal of providing connectivity between MySql and php?
Answer:
The main goal of MySQL and PHP connectivity is to retrieve and manipulate the data from MySQL database server.

1. The SQL query statements are helping with PHP MySQL extension to achieve the objective of MySQL and PHP connection.
2. “mysqli_query” is a function, helps to execute the SQL query statements in PHP scripting – language.

III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write a Snippet code to check database connection?
Answer:
// Check connection
if(!$conn){
die(“Connection failed: “ . mysqli_connect_error( ));
}
echo “Connected successfully”;
?>

Question 2.
Name the parameters of connect functions?
Answer:

1. $servemame → Database Server Server IP address
2. $username → Database Server User Name
3. $password → Database Server Password
4. $DBName → Database Name

Question 3.
Write any 3 special features of PHP?
Answer:

1. PHP can embed easily with HTML and client side scripting language
2. PHP has built-in function which is easily connect to MySQL database
3. PHP scripting language has been supported by many Software frameworks

Question 4.
Mention some web frameworks design structures to promote rapid application development (RAD)?
Answer:
Some of these include PRADO, CakePHP, Symfony, Codeigniter, Laravel, Yii Framework, Phalcon and Zend Framework, offering features similar to other web frameworks.

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 5 PHP Function and Array

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications PHP Function and Array Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
Which one of the following is the right way of defining a function in PHP?
(a) function {function body }
(b) data type functionName(parameters) {function body}
(c) functionName(parameters) {function body }
(d) function functionName(parameters) { function body }
Answer:
(d) function functionName(parameters) { function body }

Question 2.
A function in PHP which starts with ………. (double underscore) is known as …………………………
(a) Magic Function
(b) Inbuilt Function
(c) Default Function
(d) User Defined Function
Answer:
(a) Magic Function

Question 3.
PHP’s numerically indexed array begin with position ………………………..
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 0
(d) -1
Answer:
(c) 0

Question 4.
Which of the following are correct ways of creating an array?
(i) state[0] = “Tamilnadu”;
(ii) $state[ ] = arfay(“Tamilnadu”);
(iii) $state[0] = “Tamilnadu”;
(iv) $state = array(“Tamilnadu”);
(a) (iii) and (iv)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) Only (i)
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Answer:
(a) (iii) and (iv)

Question 5.
What will be the output of the following PHP code? <?php
$a=array(“A”,“Cat”,“Dog”,“A”,“Dog”);
$b=array(“A”,“A”,“Cat”,“A”,“Tiger”);
$c=array_combine($a,$b);
print_r(array_count_values($c));
?>
(а) Array ([A] => 5 [Cat] => 2 [Dog] => 2 [Tiger] => 1)
(b) Array ([A] => 2 [Cat] => 2 [Dog] => 1 [Tiger] => 1)
(c) Array ([A] => 6 [Cat] => 1 [Dog] => 2 [Tiger] => 1)
(d) Array ([A] => 2 [Cat] => 1 [Dog] => 4 [Tiger] => 1)
Answer:
(а) Array ([A] => 5 [Cat] => 2 [Dog] => 2 [Tiger] => 1)

Question 6.
For finding nonempty elements in array we use
(a) is_array ( ) function)
(b) sizeof( ) function
(c) array_count ( ) function
(d) count ( ) function
Answer:
(d) count ( ) function

Question 7.
Indices of arrays can be either strings or numbers and they are denoted as
(a) $my_array {4}
(b) $my array [4]
(c) $my_array |4|
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) $my array [4]

Question 8.
PHP arrays are also called as
(a) Vector arrays
(b) Perl arrays
(c) Hashes
Answer:
(c) Hashes

Question 9.
As compared to associative arrays, vector arrays are much
(a) Faster
(b) Slower
(c) Stable
(d) None of them
Answer:
(b) Slower

Question 10.
What functions count elements in an array?
(a) count
(b) both a and b
(c) Array Count
(d) Count_array
Answer:
(b) both a and b

PART – II
I. Short Answer

Question 1.
Define Function in PHP?
Answer:
In most of the programming language, a block of segment in a program that performs a specific operation tasks (Insert, Execute, Delete, Calculate, etc.). This segment is also known as Function. A Function is a type of sub routine or procedure in a program.

Question 2.
Define User defined Function?
Answer:
User Defined Function:
User Defined Function (UDF) in PHP gives a privilege to user to write own specific operation inside of existing program module.

Function Declaration:
A user-defined Function declaration begins with the keyword “function”.

Question 3.
What is parameterized Function?
Answer:
Parameterized Function:

1. PHP Parameterized functions are the functions with parameters or arguments.
2. Required information can be shared between function declaration and function calling part inside the program.
3. The parameter is also called as arguments, it is like variables.
4. The arguments are mentioned after the function name and inside of the parenthesis.
5. There is no limit for sending arguments, just separate them with a comma notation.

Question 4.
List out System defined Functions?
Answer:

1. round
2. cos
3. tan
4. is_number
5. rand etc
6. sqrt
7. sin
8. pi
9. number_format

Question 5.
Define Array in PHP?
Answer:
Array is a concept that stores more than one value of same data type (homogeneous) in single array variable. They are 3 types of array in PHP.

1. Indexed Arrays
2. Associative Array and
3. Multi-Dimensional Array

‘

Question 7.
Usage of Array in PHP?
Answer:
One of the most useful aspects of using arrays in PHP is when combined with the foreach statement. This allows you to quickly loop though an array with very little code.

Question 8.
List out the types of array in PHP?
Answer:

Question 9.
Define associative array?
Answer:
Associative arrays are a key-value pair data structure. Instead of having storing data in a linear array, with associative arrays you can store your data in a collection and assign it a unique key which you may use for referencing your data.

Question 10.
Write array Syntax in PHP?
Answer:
Array defines with the keyword array( )

PART – III
III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write the features of System defined Functions?
Answer:
System Defined Functions: A function is already created by system it is a reusable piece or block of code that performs a specific action. Functions can either return values when called or can simply perform an operation without returning any value.
Features of System defined functions:

1. System defined functions are otherwise called as predefined or built-in functions.
2. PHP has over 700 built in functions that performs different tasks.
3. Built in functions are functions that exists in PHP installation package.

Question 2.
Write the purpose of parameterized Function?
Answer:

1. Required information can be shared between function declaration and function calling part inside the program.
2. The parameter is also called as arguments, it is like variables. The arguments are mentioned after the function name and inside of the parenthesis.
3. There is no limit for sending arguments, just separate them with a comma notation.

Question 3.
Differentiate user define and system defined Functions?
Answer:
System defined:

1. These functions are already present in the system (comes along with installation package).
2. Cannot be edited.
3. Name is provided by the developer Eg. isnum( ), isalpha( ).

System defined:

1. These functions are already present in the system (comes along with installation package).
2. Cannot be edited.
3. Name is provided by the developer Eg. isnum( ), isalpha( ).

Question 4.
Write Short notes on Array?
Array in PHP
Answer:
Array is a concept that stores more than one value of same data type (homogeneous) in single array variable. They are 3 types of array concepts in PHP.

1. Indexed Arrays,
2. Associative Array and
3. Multi-Dimensional Array.

Question 5.
Differentiate Associate array and Multidimensional array?
Answer:
Associate array:
Associative arrays are a key-value pair data structure. Instead of having storing data in a* linear array, with associative arrays you can store your data in a collection and assign it a unique key which you may use for referencing your data.

Multidimensional array:
A multidimensional array is an array containing one or more arrays. PHP understands multidimensional arrays that are two, three, four, five, or more levels deep. However, arrays more than three levels deep are hard to manage for most people.

PART – IV
IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Explain Function concepts in PHP?
Answer:
Functions in PHP
In most of the programming language, a block of segment in a program that performs a specific operation tasks (Insert, Execute, Delete, Calculate, etc.). This segment is also known as Function. A Function is a type of sub routine or procedure in a program.

Function will be executed by a call to the Function and the Function returns any data type values or NULL value to called Function in the part of respective program.
The Function can be divided into three types as follows:

1. User defined Function,
2. Pre-defined or System or built-in Function, and
3. Parameterized Function.

1. User Defined Function:
User Defined Function (UDF) in PHP gives a privilege to user to write own specific operation inside of existing program module. Two important steps the Programmer has to create for users define Functions are: Function declaration and Function calling.

2. System Define Functions:
A function is already created by system it is a reusable piece or block of code that performs a specific action. Functions can either return values when called or can simply perform an operation without returning any value.

3. Parameterized Function:
PHP Parameterized functions are the functions with parameters or arguments.

Question 2.
Discuss in detail about User defined Functions?
Answer:
User Defined Function:

1. User can create their own functions.
2. User Defined Function (UDF) in PHP gives a privilege to user to write own specific operation inside of existing program module.
3. Two important steps the Programmer has to create for users define Functions are:

Function Declaration:
A user-defined Function declaration begins with the keyword “function”. User can write any custom logic inside the function block.
Syntax:
function functionName( )
{
Custom Logic code to be executed;
}
Function Calling:
A function declaration part will be executed by a call to the function. Programmer has to create Function Calling part inside the respective program.
Syntax:
functionName( );
Example:
<?php
function insertMsg( )
{
echo “Student Details Inserted Successfully!”;
}
insertMsg( ); // call the function
?>
Parameterized Function:

1. Required information can be shared between function declaration and function calling part inside the program.
2. The parameter is also called as arguments, it is like variables.
3. The arguments are mentioned after the function name and inside of the parenthesis. There is no limit for sending arguments, just separate them with a comma notation.

Question 3.
Explain the Multidimensional Array?
Answer:
Multidimensional Arrays:

1. A multidimensional array is an array containing one or more arrays.
2. PHP understands multidimensional arrays that are two, three, four, five, or more levels deep.
3. However, arrays more than three levels deep are hard to manage for most people.

Example:
<?php
// A two-dimensional array Sstudent-array
(
array(“Iniyan”, 100,96),
array(“Kavin”,60,59),
array(“Nilani”,1313,139)
);
echo $$student[0][0].“: Tamil Mark: “.$student [0][1]English mark: “.$student [0] [2].”<br>”;

echo $$student[1][0].“: Tamil Mark: “.$student [1][1].”. English mark: “.$student [1] [2].”<br>”;

echo $$student[2][0].“: Tamil Mark: “.$student [2][1]English mark: “.$student [2] [2].”<br>”;
?>

Question 4.
Explain Array concepts and their types?
Answer:
Arrays in PHP:
Array is a concept that stores more than one value of same data type (homogeneous) in single array variable. They are 3 types of array concepts in PHP.

1. Indexed Arrays,
2. Associative Array and
3. Multi-Dimensional Array.

SYNTAX:
Array Syntax:
Array defines with the keyword array( )

1. Indexed Arrays:
Arrays with numeric index for the available values in array variable which contains key value pair as user / developer can take the values using keys.

2. Associative Arrays:

1. Associative arrays are a key-value pair data structure.
2. Instead of having storing data in a linear array, with associative arrays you can store your data in a collection and assign it a unique key which you may use for referencing your data.

Question 3.
Multidimensional Arrays?
Answer:

1. A multidimensional array is an array containing one or more arrays. .
2. PHP understands multidimensional arrays that are two, three, four, five, or more levels deep.
3. However, arrays more than three levels deep are hard to manage for most people.

Question 5.
Explain Indexed array and Associate array in PHP?
Answer:
Indexed Arrays:
Arrays with numeric index for the available values in array variable which contains key value pair as user / developer can take the values using keys.
Example:
<?php
$teacher_name=array(“Iniyan”, “Kavin”, “Nilani”);
echo “The students name are “ . $teacher_name[0]. “, “ . $$teacher_name[l]. “ and” . $teacher_name[2].
?>

Associative Arrays:

1. Associative arrays are a key-value pair data structure.
2. Instead of having storing data in a, linear array, with associative arrays you can store your data.

Example:
<?php
$Marks=array(“Studentl”=>“35”,“Student2”==>“17”,“Student3”=>“43”);
echo “Studentl mark is” . $Marks[‘Studentl’]. “ is eligible for qualification”;
echo “Student2 mark is” . $Marks[‘Student2’]. “ is not eligible for qualification”;

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions PHP Function and Array Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Best Answer

Question 1.
………………………. are functions that exist in PHP installation package.
Answer:
Built-in functions

Question 2.
PHP has over ………………………. built in functions.
(a) 200
(b) 500
(c) 700
(d) 900
Answer:
(c) 700

Question 3.
A function is a type of …………………………… in a program.
(a) sub routine
(b) procedure
(c) both a & b
(d) array
Answer:
(c) both a & b

Question 4.
How many classification of functions are there?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(b) 3

Question 5.
Find the wrong statement from the following?
(a) pre-defined functions are called as built-in functions
(b) pre-defined functions are called as system functions
(c) parameterized functions are called system functions
Answer:
(c) parameterized functions are called system functions

Question 6.
UDF stands for …………………………..
Answer:
User defined functions

Question 7.
Pick the odd one out related to functions.
(a) userdefined
(b) pre-defined
(c) system
(d) builtin
Answer:
(a) userdefined

Question 8.
Find the statement which is correct.
I: A user-defined function declaration begins with the keyword “user”
II: user can write any custom logic inside the function block
(a) I-True, II-False
(b) I-Flase, II-True
(c) I, II-True
(d) I, II-False
Answer:
(b) I-Flase, II-True

Question 9.
The parameter is also called as
(a) Arguments
(b) Value
(c) Calling function
(d) return
Answer:
(a) Arguments

Question 10.
THe arguments are separated by
(a) .
(b) :
(c) ,
(d) ;
Answer:
(c) ,

Question 11.
The arguments have to be enclosed within
(a) [ ]
(b) <>
(c) { }
(d) ( )
Answer:
(d) ( )

Question 12.
The function blocks are given by
(a) [ ]
(b) <>
(c) { }
(d) ( )
Answer:
(c) { }

Question 13.
How many arguments can be send to return a value in a function?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) No limit
Answer:
(d) No limit

Question 14.
Which statement can be used to return a value in a function?
(a) pass
(b) call
(c) return
(d) give
Answer:
(c) return

Question 15.
Which is used to store more than one value in a single variable of same data type?
(a) Array
(b) Functions
(c) Class
(d) Object
Answer:
(a) Array

Question 16.
How many types of arrays are there?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(c) 3

Question 17.
Pick the odd one out.
Indexed, Associative, Multi functional, Multi dimensional
Answer:
Multi functional

Question 18.
What is the keyword for creating an array?
(a) Arr( )
(b) array( )
(c) a( )
(d) a[ ]
Answer:
(b) array( )

Question 19.
One of the most useful aspects of using array is when it is combined with the …………………………. statement.
(a) if
(b) while
(c) for
(d) foreach
Answer:
(d) foreach

Question 20.
…………………………. specifies the value in the syntax of Association Array.
(a) value
(b) val
(c) value at
(d) value of
Answer:
(a) value

Question 21.
The key in the Associative Array may be of …………………………… or …………………………..
Answer:
numeric or string

Question 22.
………………………… arrays are a key value pair data structure.
(a) Indexed
(b) Numeric
(c) Associative
(d) Multidimensional
Answer:
(c) Associative

Question 23.
In PHP ………………………….. are Information hiding.
(a) Functions
(b) Variables
(c) Keywords
(d) datatypes
Answer:
(a) Functions

II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Classify functions?
Answer:
The Function can be divided in to three types as follow

1. User defined Function,
2. Pre-defined or System or built-in Function, and
3. Parameterized Function.

Question 2.
Define Magic functions?
Answer:

1. A function in PHP which starts with underscore ( ) is called as magic function.
2. Magic function is present inside the class.

III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write a PHP program for function with one arguments?
Answer:
<?php
function School_Name($sname) {
echo $sname.“in Tamilnadu.<br>”;
}
SchoolName (“Government Higher Secondary School Madurai”);
SchoolName (“Government Higher Secondary School Trichy”);
School Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Chennai”);
School Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Kanchipuram”);
School Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Tirunelveli”);
?>

Question 2.
Give an example for function with two arguments?
Answer:
<?php
function School_Name($sname,$Stfength) {
echo $sname.“in Tamilnadu and Student Strength is”.$Strength;
}
School Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Madurai”,200);
School Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Trichy”,300);
School Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Chennai”,250);
School Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Kanchipuram”, 100);
School Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Tirunelveli”,200);
?>

Question 3.
Write a PHP program to explain function with return values?
Answer:
For a function to return a value, use the return statement
<?php
function sum($x, $y) {
$z = $x + $y;
return $z;
}
echo “5 + 10 = “ . sum(5, 10). “<br>”;
echo “7 + 13 = “ . sum(7, 13). “<br>”;
echo “2 + 4 = “ . sum(2, 4);
?>

Question 4.
Give the Syntax for Associative Arrays?
Answer:
Associative Arrays Syntax:
array(key ⇒ value,key ⇒ value,key ⇒ value,etc.);
key = Specifies the key (numeric or string)
value = Specifies the value.

Question 5.
What is the use of array combine( ) in PHP?
Answer:
The array_combine( ) is an inbuilt function in PHP.
It is used to combine two arrays and create a new array by using one array for keys and another for values.
Eg. $c = array_combine($a, $b);

IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Give important characteristics of PHP functions?
Answer:

1. PHP Functions are Reducing duplication of code.
2. PHP Functions are Decomposing complex problems into simpler pieces.
3. PHP Functions are Improving clarity of the code.
4. PHP Functions are Reuse of code.
5. PHP Functions are Information hiding.

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 8 Forms and Files

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Forms and Files Text Book Back Questions and Answers

PART – I
I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
When you use the $_GET variable to collect data, the data is visible to..
(a) none
(b) only you
(c) everyone
(d) selected few
Answer:
(c) everyone

Question 2.
Which one of the following should not be used while sending passwords or other sensitive information?
(a) GET
(b) POST
(c) REQUEST
(d) NEXT
Answer:
(a) GET

Question 3.
Which directive determines whether PHP scripts on the server can accept file uploads?
(a) file_uploads
(b) fileupload
(c) filejnput
(d) file_intake
Answer:
(a) file_uploads

Question 4.
In HTML form <input type=”text”> is used for …………………………..
(a) One line text
(b) Block of text
(c) One paragraph
(d) None
Answer:
(a) One line text

Question 5.
HTML classes that is already defined and allow us to apply styles on it are called as ………………………….
(a) Pseudo classes
(b) Css classes
(c) Javascript classes
(d) Nre
Answer:
(b) Css classes

Question 6.
If you would like to read a file character by character which function do you use?
(a) fopen( )
(b) fread( )
(c) fgetc( )
(d) fleo
Answer:
(c) fgetc( )

Question 7.
PHP is a ……………………….. typed language.
(a) User
(b) Loosely
(c) Server
(d) System
Answer:
(c) Server

Question 8.
What does fopen( ) function do in PHP?
(a) It used to open files in PHP
(b) It used to open Remote Server
(c) It used to open folders in PI-IP
(d) It used to open Remote Computer
Answer:
(b) It used to open Remote Server

Question 9.
How PHP files can be accessed?
(a) Through Web Browser
(b) Through HTML files
(c) Through Web Server
(d) All of Above
Answer:
(d) All of Above

Question 10.
Which of the following functions reads the entire contents of a file?
(a) fgets( )
(b) file_get_contents( )
(c) fread( )
(d) readfile( )
Answer:
(b) file_get_contents( )

PART – II
II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Define HTML form controls?
Answer:
Main objective of PHP and HTML form controls are to collect data from users. The various form controls are

1. Text inputs
2. Checkbox
3. File Select
   • Buttons
   • Radio box
   • FormTag

Question 2.
Define for Form Handling method in PHP?
Answer:

1. Form tag is used to mention a method (POST or GET) and control the entire form controls in the HTML document.
2. All input values are synchronized and sent to the server via POST or GET method.

Question 3.
What is Form Validation in PHP?
Answer:

1. Validation is a process of checking the input data submitted by the user from client machine.
2. There are two types of validation available in PHP. They are as follows, Client-Side Validation, Server Side Validation.

Question 4.
List out HTML control to support PHP language?
Answer:
Basic HTML Form Controls
The following control types are available in HTML form controlling:

1. Text inputs
2. Checkbox
3. File Select
4. Buttons
5. Radio box
6. Form Tag

Text inputs contain textbox and text area controls. Buttons may contain Submit button, Reset button and Cancel Button.

Question 5.
Write Syntax of Text box in HTML?
Answer:
Name: <input type-‘text” name=“name”><br>
E-mail: <input type=“texf ’ name=“email”><br>

Question 6.
Define File handling in PHP?
Answer:
Files
File handling is an important activity of all web application development process. Files are processed for different tasks using the following events:

1. PHP Open a File
2. PHP Read a File
3. PHP Close a File
4. PHP Write a File
5. PHP Appending a File and
6. PHP uploading a File.

Question 7.
Define Browse button in HTML?
Answer:
Browse Button in HTML:

1. In the <Input> tag mention type = “file” attribute shows the input field as a file-select control, with a “Browse” button next to the input control.
2. Browse button is used to search for any file or websites.

Question 8.
Write Syntax of Browse button in HTML?
Answer:
Syntax:
<input type = file name = browse>

Question 9.
Compare Text box and Text Area?
Answer:
Text Box:

1. Text Box is a single line box
2. Text boxes are generally used for collecting information such as names, email addresses.

Text Area:

1. Text area is a multiple line box
2. Text area’s are generally used to gather feedback or comments.
3. It has a limit of 32700 characters.

Question 10.
Usage of File open function?
Answer:

1. fopen( ) is a system function available in PHP.
2. This function helps to open a file in the server.
3. It contains two parameters one for the file and the other one specifies in which mode the file should be opened (Read/Write).

PART – III
III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write the features Form Handling?
Answer:
Form Handling:

1. Form controls are used to collect data from the users and sent to server.
2. When the user keying the input data in HTML controls and clicks the submit button the request will be generated and reaches a PHP file which is mentioned in the FORM tag under the Action attribute.
3. All input values are synchronized and sent to the server via POST method or GET method.
4. Once the data reaches the server, two PHP variables such as $_POST and $_GET collects – the data and prepares the response accordingly.

Question 2.
Write the purpose Get method and Post method?
Answer:
All input values are synchronized and sent to the server via POST method or GET method. Method is an attribute form tag in HTML. Once the data reaches the server, two PHP variables such as $_POST and $_GET collects the data and prepares the response accordingly.

Post Method:
The input data sent to the server with POST method is stored in the request body of the client’s HTTP request.

Get Method:
The input data sent to the server with POST method via URL address is known as query string. All input data are visible by user after they clicks the submit button.

Question 3.
Differentiate Get and Post Method?
Answer:
Get Method:

1. It is used to send data through URL address.
2. All the input data are visible.
3. It is faster.
4. It is less secure.

Post Method:

1. It is send through clients HTTP request.
2. It is not visible.
3. It is little slow.
4. It is secured.

Question 4.
Write short notes on File handling?
Answer:

1. File handling is an important activity of all web application development process.
2. Files are processed for different tasks using the following events:
   1. Opening a file
   2. Reading a file
   3. closing a file
   4. To write a file
   5. To append a file
   6. To upload a file

Question 5.
Write short notes on File handling functions?
Answer:

1. fopen( ) – PHP Open a File
2. fread( ) – PHP Read a File,
3. fclose( ) – PHP Close a File,
4. fwrite( ) – PHP Write a File,
5. file_put_contents( ) – PHP Appending a File

PART – IV
IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Explain Form Handling methods?
Answer:
PHP Basic Form Handling:

1. When the user keying the input data in HTML controls and clicks the submit button the request will be generated and reaches a PHP file which is mentioned in the FORM tag under the Action attribute.
2. All input values are synchronized and sent to the server via POST method or GET method.
3. Method is an attribute form tag in HTML. Once the data reaches the server, two PHP variables such as $_POST and $_GET collects the data and prepares the response accordingly.

Post Method:
The input data sent to the server with POST method is stored in the request body of the client’s HTTP request.

Get Method:
The input data sent to the server with POST method via URL address is known as query string. All input data are visible by user after they clicks the submit button.
Example:
Test.html:
<htnjl>
<body>
<form action=“welcome.php” method=“posf’>
Name: <input type=“text” name=“name”><br>
E-mail: <input type=“text” name=“email”><br>
<input type=“submif’>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Welcome.php:
<html>
<body>
Welcome <?php echo $_POST[“name”]; ?><br>
Your email address is: <?php echo $_POST[“email”]; ?>
</body>
</html>

• HTML File contains two Text Box (Name and Email), One Button and one form tag. The remote server PHP file (welcome.php) is mentioned in form tag under the Action Attribute.
• In “Welcome.Php” file, PHP variables such as $_POST and SGET collects the data and prepares the response accordingly.
• Eventually the user will receive the output response in the client machine’s browser screen.

Question 2.
Discuss in detail about HTML form controls?
Answer:
Basic HTML Form Controls
The following control types are available in HTML form controlling:

1. Text inputs
2. Buttons
3. Checkbox
4. Radio box
5. File Select
6. Form Tag

1. Text inputs contain textbox and text area controls.
2. Buttons may contain Submit button, Reset button and Cancel Button.
3. Checkbox is the important feature which selects more than one value from the HTML form.
4. Radio box is similar to checkbox but one value can be chosen at a time.
5. File select is the best feature to select one file from the local machine to server machine at a time.
6. Form tag is used to mention a method (POST or GET) and control the entire form controls in the HTML document

Question 3.
Explain the process File handling?
Answer:
File handling is an important activity of all web application development process. Files are processed for different tasks using the following events:

1. PHP Open a File,
2. PHP Read a File,
3. PHP Close a File,
4. PHP Write a File,
5. PHP Appending a File and
6. PHP uploading a File.

1. Open a File:
fopen( ) is a system function available in PHP. This function helps to open a file in the server. It contains two parameters one for the file and the other one specifies in which mode the file should be opened (Read/Write).
Syntax:
$file_Object= fopen(“FileName”, “Read/WriteMode”) or die(“Error Message!”);
Example:
<?php
Smyfile = fopen(“Student.txt’’, “r”) or die(“Unable to open file!”);
?>

2. Read a File:
The fread( ) function reads from an open file. The file object comes from fopen function.
Syntax:
ffead($file_Object,filesize(“FileName”));
Example:
<?php
fread($myfile,filesize(“Student.txt”));
?>

3. Close a File:
The fclose( ) function is used to close an opened file. The file object comes from fopen function.
Syntax:
fclose($file_Object);
Example:
fclose($myfile)

4. write a File:
The fwrite( ) function is used to write to a file.
Syntax:
fwrite($myfile, $txt);
Example:
fwrite($myfile, $txt)

5. Appending a File
The file_put_contents( ) function is used to Append to a file. The various parameters used in appending a file are
Syntax:
file_put_contents(file, data, mode, context)

6. File Upload:

1. File upload is the best feature to select one file from the local machine to server machine.
2. Form tag is used to mention a method as POST or GET and encrypt attribute mentioned as “multipart/form-data”.
3. In the <Input> tag mention type=”file” attribute shows the input field as a file-select control, with a “Browse” button next to the input control. The form above sends data to a file called “Student_photo_upload.php”.
4. First, ensure that PHP is configured to allow file uploads.
5. In Server machine “php.ini” file, search for the file_uploads directive, and set it to On:
   “file_upIoads = On”

Question 4.
Explain concepts of HTTP Uploading process?
Answer:
File Upload:
1. File upload is the best feature to select one file from the local machine to server.machine. Form tag is used to mention a method as POST or GET and encrypt attribute mentioned as “multipart/form-data”.

2. In the <Input> tag mention type=”file” attribute shows the input field as a file-select control, with a “Browse” button next to the input control.

3. The form above sends data to a file called “Student_photo_upload.php”.

4. First, ensure that PHP is configured to allow file uploads.

5. In Server machine “php.ini” file, search for the file_uploads directive, and set it to On:
“file_upIoads = On”

6. After submitting the upload button the request reaches to Student_photo_upload.php file. In the file $_FILES variable collects all uploaded file information such as name of the file, size of the file and extension of the file etc.

7. All the details are checked thoroughly and the errors are saved in an array variable.

8. The file finally moves under the image directory if the array error variable is empty.

Question 5.
Explain in detail of File handling functions?
Answer:
File handling is an important activity of all web application development process. Files are processed for different tasks using the following events:

1. PHP Open a File,
2. PHP Read a File,
3. PHP Close a File,
4. PHP Write a File,
5. PHP Appending a File and
6. PHP uploading a File.

1. Open a File
fopen( ) is a system function available in PHP. This function helps to open a file in the server. It contains two parameters one for the file and the other one specifies in which mode the file should be opened (Read/Write).
Syntax:
$file_Object= fopen(“FileName”, “Read/WriteMode”) or die(“Error Message!”);
Example:
<?php
$myfile = fopen(“Student.txf’, “r”) or die(“Unable to open file!”);
?>

2. Read a File:
The ffead( ) function reads from an open file. The file object comes from fopen function.
Syntax:
fread($file_Object,filesize(“FileName”));
Example:
<?php
fread($myfile,filesize(“Student,txt”));
?>

3. Close a File:
The fclose( ) function is used to close an opened file. The file object comes from fopen function.
Syntax:
fclose($file_Object);
Example:
fclose($myfile);

4. write a File:
The fwrite( ) function is used to write to a file.
Syntax:
fwrite($myfile, $txt);
Example:
fwrite($myfile, $txt);

5. Appending a File
The file_put_contents( ) function is used to Append to a file. The various parameters used in appending a file.
file_put_contents (file, data, mode, context)

6. File Upload:
1. File upload is the best feature to select one file from the local machine to server machine.
Form tag is used to mention a method as POST or GET and encrypt attribute mentioned as “multipart/form-data”.

2. In the <Input> tag mention type=“file” attribute shows the input field as a file-select control, with a “Browse” button next to the input control. The form above sends data to a file called “Student_photo_upload.php”.
Note: First, ensure that PHP is configured to allow file uploads.

3. In Server machine “php.ini” file, search for the file_uploads directive, and set it to On:
“fileuploads = On”

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Forms and Files Additional Question and Answer

1. Choose the Best Answer

Question 1.
………………………… inputs contain text box and text area controls.
Answer:
Text

Question 2.
Pick the odd one out.
(a) Submit
(b) Reset
(c) File
(d) Cancel
Answer:
(c) File

Question 3.
Which one of the control selects more than one value from the HTML form?
Answer:
(a) Checkbox
(b) Reset
(c) Buttons
(d) Text
Answer:
(a) Checkbox

Question 4.
…………………………. is used to select one value can be chosen at a time.
(a) Checkbox
(b) Radio box
(c) Textbox
(d) File
Answer:
(b) Radio box

Question 5.
Which is the best feature to select one file from the local machine to server machine at a time?
(a) Radio box
(b) Check box
(c) File select
(d) Textbox
Answer:
(c) File select

Question 6.
Find the Incorrect pair.
(a) Radio box – one value a time
(b) File select – Select one file from local machine to server
(c) Text – Text Box
(d) Input – Text Area
Answer:
(d) Input – Text Area

Question 7.
Which tag is used to mention POST or GET method?
(a) Frame
(b) Form
(c) File
(d) Input
Answer:
(b) Form

Question 8.
…………………………. is an attribute of form tag in HTML.
(a) post
(b) Get
(c) method
(d) php get
Answer:
(c) method

Question 9.
In get method, the input data sent URL address is known as …………………………….
Answer:
query string

Question 10.
………………………. is a process of checking the input data submitted by the user from client machine.
(a) collection
(b) verification
(c) validation
(d) Report
Answer:
(c) validation

Question 11.
How many types of validation are available in PHP?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(b) 2

Question 12.
The two types of validation are ………………………. and …………………………. validation.
Answer:
client side and server-slide

Question 13.
Pick the odd one out
(a) PHP
(b) JS
(c) JSP
(d) ASP
Answer:
(b) JS

Question 14.
Find the statement which is true.
(a) The input data validations are performed on the clients machine’s web browser
(b) The input data validations are performed on the server machine
Answer:
(a) The input data validations are performed on the clients machine’s web browser

Question 15.
The “required” attributed in HTML input tags are present in ………………………. validation.
(a) server side
(b) client side
(c) PHP script
(d) script code
Answer:
(b) client side

Question 16.
Which one of the following is not an back-end application?
(a) CGI
(b) HTML
(c) ASP Script
(d) PHP Script
Answer:
(b) HTML

Question 17.
How many parameters are there in fopen( ) functions?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(b) 2

Question 18.
The …………………………… function reads from an open file.
Answer:
fread( )

Question 19.
Which function is used to append to a file?
(a) fread( )
(b) fopen( )
(c) file_put_contents( )
(d) fwrite( )
Answer:
(c) file_put_contents( )

Question 20.
How many parameters are there in file_put_contents( ) function?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(c) 4

Question 21.
How many parameters are required and options in the file_put_contents( )?
(a) 1,2
(b) 2,2
(c) 3,2
(d) 2,1
Answer:
(b) 2,2

Question 22.
The data to be written to the file cannot be …………………………….
(a) string
(b) pointers
(c) array
(d) data stream
Answer:
(b) pointers

Question 23.
………………….. is set of options in append that can modify the behaviour of a stream.
(a) file
(b) data
(c) mode
(d) context
Answer:
(d) context

Question 24.
In the file $_FILES variable collect all uploaded file information such as
(a) name of the file
(b) size of the file
(c) extension of the file
(d) all the above
Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 25.
The file finally moves under the ……………………… directory if the array error variable is empty.
(a) image
(b) post
(c) get
(d) file
Answer:
(a) image

Question 26.
AJAX me ……………………………………..
Answer:
Asynchronous Javascript

Question 27.
AJAX uses ………………………… to display the data.
Answer:
HTML DOM

II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Give the syntax for fopen( ) function?
Answer:
Syntax:
$file_Object= fopen(“FileName”, “ReadAVriteMode”) or die(“Error Message!”);

Question 2.
Give the syntax for fread( ) function?
Answer:
Syntax:
fread($file_Object,filesize(“FileName”));

III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write note on client-side validation?
Answer:
Client-Side Validation: The input data validations are performed on the client machine’s web browsers using client side scripts like Java script or adding “required” attribute in HTML input tags.

Question 2.
What is meant by Server side validation?
Answer:
Server Side Validation: After the submission of data, validations are performed on the server side using the programming like PHP, ASP or JSP etc. available in the server machine.

Question 3.
Write a code to do validation in client side?
Answer:
Example:
<input> required Attribute in HTML <form action=“welcome.php”>
Username: <input type=“text” name=“name” required>
<input type=“submit”>
</form>

Question 4.
Give the syntax for fclose( ) function?
Answer:
Syntax:
fclose($file_Objecdt):

Question 5.
Explain various parameters used in appending the file?
Answer:

IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Write a HTML program to produce the following output?

Test.html:
<html>
<body>
<form action=“welcome.php” method=“post”>
Name: <input type=“text” name=“name”><br>
E-mail: <input type=“text” name=“email”><br>
<input type=“siibmit”>
</form>
</body>
– </html>
Welcome.php:
<html>
<body>
Welcome <?php echo $_POST[“name”]; ?><br>
Your email address is: <?php echo $_POST[“email”]; ?> </body>
</html>

Question 2.
Explain how to append a file in PHP?
PHP Appending a File
Answer:
The file_put_contents( ) function is used to Append to a file.
Syntax:
file_put_contents(file, data, mode, context)

Example:
<?php
$txt = “Student id”;
Smyfile = file_put_contents(Togs.txt’, $txt.
PHP EOL, FILEAPPEND | LOCK_EX);
?>

Students can Download Computer Applications Chapter 4 Introduction to Hypertext Pre-Processor Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Introduction to Hypertext Pre-Processor

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Introduction to Hypertext Pre-Processor Text Book Back Questions and Answers

PART – I
I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
What does PHP stand for?
(a) Personal Home Page
(b) Hypertext Preprocessor
(c) Pretext Hypertext Processor
(d) Pre-processor Home Page
Answer:
(b) Hypertext Preprocessor

Question 2.
What does PHP files have a default file extension?
(a) html
(b) xml
(c) .php
(d) ph
Answer:
(c) .php

Question 3.
A PHP script should start with ……………………. and end with …………………….
(a) <php>
(b) < ? php ?>
(c) < ? ? >
(d) < ?php ? >
Answer:
(d) < ?php ? >

Question 4.
Which of the following must be installed on your computer so as to mn PHP script?
(a) Adobe
(b) windows
(c) Apache
(d) IIS
Answer:
(c) Apache

Question 5.
We can use ………………….. to comment a single line?
(i) /?
(ii) 11
(iii) #
(iv) /* */
(a) Only (ii)
(b) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(d) Both (ii) and (iv)
Answer:
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)

Question 6.
What will be the output of the following PHP code?
Ans
< ?php
$num =1;
$num1 =2;
print $num . $num1 ;
?>
(a) 3
(b) 1+2
(c) 1.+.2
(d) Error
Answer:
(a) 3

Question 7.
Which of the following PHP statements Will output Hello World on the screen?
(a) echo (“Hello World”)
(b) print (“Hello World”)
(c) printf (“Hello World”)
(d) sprintf (“Hello World”)
Answer:
(a) echo (“Hello World”)

Question 8.
Which statement will output $x on the screen?
(a) echo “\$x”
(b) echo “$$x”
(c) echo “/$x”
(d) echo “$x
Answer:
(a) echo “\$x”

Question 9.
Which of the below symbols is a newline character?
(a) \r
(b) \n
(c) /n
(d) /r
Answer:
(b) \n

PART – II
II. Short Answers

Question 1.
What are the common usages of PHP?
Answer:

1. It is very simple and lightweight open source server side scripting language.
2. It can easily embed with HTML and other client side scripting languages like CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and Java script.
3. It also creates dynamic and interaction Webpages in the red time Web development projects.

Question 2.
What is Webserver?
Answer:
Web server software is available as open source or licensed version in the market. A Web server is a Software that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve the files that form Web pages to users.

Question 3.
What are the types scripting language?
Answer:
Web scripting languages are classified into two types, client side and server side scripting language. PHP is completely different from Client side scripting language like Java script. The PHP code entirely executes on Webserver which is installed in the remote machine.

Question 4.
Difference between Client and Server?
Answer:
The server is a high performance hardware machine it could run more than one application concurrently. The client is a separate hardware machine which is connected with server in the network (Intemet/intranet). It could send the request and receive the response from the server hardware. The Server and client are also called as service provider and service requester respectively.

Question 5.
Give few examples of Web Browser?
Answer:
Internet Explorer
UC Browser
Opera
Google Chrome and
Mozilla Firefox.

Question 6.
What is URL?
Answer:
URL: Uniform Resource Locator, the address of a specific Web page or file on the Internet. Eg. http://example.com

Question 7.
Is PHP a case sensitive language?
Answer:
Yes, smaller case & uppercase letters are different in PHP.

Question 8.
How to declare variables in PHP?
Answer:
The variable in PHP begins with a dollar ($) symbol and the assignment activity implemented using “=” operator, finally the statement ends with semi colon The semicolon indicates the end of statement.
$a=5; $b=T0;

Question 9.
Define Client Server Architecture?
Answer:
The client server architecture introduces application sharing mechanism between two different hardware systems over the network (Intemet/intranet).

Question 10.
Define Webserver?
Answer:
Web server software is available as open source or licensed version in the market.
A Web server is a Software that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve the files that form Web pages to users.

PART – III
III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write the features of server side scripting language?
Answer:

1. The server is a high performance hardware machine it could run more than one application concurrently.
2. Most of the server side scripting languages are working on any one the client server architecture model.
3. Webserver is software which is running in server hardware.
4. It takes the responsibilities for compilation and execution of server side scripting languages.

Question 2.
Write is the purpose of Web servers?
Answer:

1. Webserver is software which is running in server hardware.
2. It takes the responsibilities for compilation and execution of server side scripting languages.
3. After receiving the request from client machine the Web server tries to compile and interpret the PHP code which is available in remote machine.
4. Next a response will be generated and sent back to the client machine over the network from Webserver.

Question 3.
Differentiate Server side and Client Side Scripting language?
Answer:
Server Side Scripting Language:

1. Server is a high performance hardware machine. It could run more than one application concurrently.
2. The server is the service provider.
3. Ex. Php. Asp.net, Python, Cold Fusion
4. It is relatively secure

Client Side Scripting Language:

1. The client is a separate hardware machine which is connected with server in the network.
2. The client is the service requester
3. html, css, Javascript
4. Insecure

Question 4.
In how many ways you can embed PHP code in an HTML page?
Answer:

1. PHP script can be written in side of HTML code and save the file with extension of .php. The embedded PHP file get executed in the Webserver, the browser receives only the HTML and other client side files.
2. Php files can also be embedded with css and js files.
3. Using template engines like Smarty, DWOO, Mustache, Blade we can embed php files.

Question 5.
Write short notes on PHP operator?
Answer:
Operator is a symbol which is used to perform mathematical and logical operations in the programing languages. Different types of operator in PHP are:

1. Arithmetic operators
2. Assignment operators
3. Comparison operators
4. Increment/Decrement operators,
5. Logical operators, and
6. String operators.

PART – IV
IV. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Explain client side and server side scripting language?
Answer:

1. PHP (Hypertext Pre-processor) is a one of the important server side Web and general purpose scripting language invented by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994.
2. It is very simple and lightweight open source server side scripting language.
3. It can easily embed with HTML and other client side scripting languages like CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and Java script.
4. It also creates dynamic and interactive Webpages in the real time Web development projects
5. Web scripting languages are classified into two types, client side and server side scripting language.
6. PHP is completely different from Client side scripting language like Java script.
7. The PHP code entirely executes on Webserver which is installed in the remote machine and it is generating HTML code which is sent to the user.
8. The user receives the HTML code and sees the Website contents via Internet browser in their computer or laptop.
9. PHP also supports OOPs (Object Oriented Programing) concepts. It is applicable to implement all OOPs features such as class, object and inheritance etc. The action is shown in Figure.

Question 2.
Discuss in detail about Website development activities?
Answer:
The process of development also includes Web content generation, Web page designing, Website security and so on.
PHP Script:
1. Website or Web page is developed by the programmer using PHP script. Finally the entire Website codes are moved to Web server path in a remote server machine.

2. From client side, the end user opens a browser, types the URL of the Website or Webpage and initiates the request to remote server machine over the network.

3. After receiving the request from client machine the Web server tries to compile and interpret the PHP code which is available in remote machine.

4. Next a response will be generated and sent back to the client machine over the network from Webserver.

5. Finally the browser which is installed in the client machine receives the response and displays the output to user.

Question 3.
Explain the process of Webserver installation?
Answer:
Web server software that runs on server hardware, governs the server side scripting compilation into an intermediate byte-code that is then interpreted by the runtime engine.

Web server software is available as open source or licensed version in the market. Recent statistics of Web server usage depict that more than 130% Websites are running under the open source Web servers such as Tomcat Apache, Nginx etc. The following are the steps to install and configure Apache Httpd Webserver and PHP module in windows server machine.

Step 1:
Go to Apache foundation Website and download the Httpd Webserver Software.
https://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi

Step 2:
After downloading .MSI file from Apache foundation Website, user launches the. MSI file and clicks next and next button to finish the installation on server machine. The software takes default port number 130 or 130130. Once the user finished, the Web server software is installed and configured on server hardware machine as a service.

Step 3:
To test the installation of Apache Httpd Webserver, enter the following URL from your Web browser which is installed in your client machine.
https://localhost:130/ or https://localhost: 130130 The output page that says “Its works”

Step 4:
Administrator user can start, stop and restart the Web server service at any time via windows Control panel. Once the services stops, the client machine will not receive the response message from server machine.

Step 5:
Webserver’s configuration setting “httpd.conf” file is located in the conf directory under the apache installation directory. Edit this file and enable the PHP module to run PHP scripting language.

Question 4.
Discuss in detail about PHP data types?
Answer:
PHP Data type:
PHP scripting language supports 13 primitive data types. Data Types plays important role in all programing languages to classify the data according to the logics. PHP supports the following data types.

1. String
2. Integer
3. Float
4. Boolean
5. Array
6. Object
7. NULL
8. Resource

1. String:
String is a collection of characters within the double or single quotes like
“Computer Application” or ‘Computer Application’. Space is also considered as a character.
Example:
$x = “Computer Application!”;

2. Integer:
Integer is a data type which contains non decimal numbers.
Example:
$x = 59135;
*
The var_dump( ) system define function, returns structured information (type and value) about variables in PHP.

3. Float:
Float is a data type which contains decimal numbers.
Example:
$x = 19.15;

4. Boolean:
Boolean is a data type which denotes the possible two states, TRUE or FALSE
Example:
$x = true;
$y = false;

5. Array:
Array is a data type which has multiple values in single variable.
Example:
Scars = array(“Computer”,“Laptop”,“Mobile”);

OUTPUT:
array(3) {[0]=> string(5) “Computer” [1]=>
string(3) “Laptop “ [2]=> string(6)” Mobile”}
Var_dump:
The var_dump( ) function is used to dump information about a variable. This function displays structured information such as type and value of the given variable. Arrays and objects are explored recursively with values indented to show structure.

6. Object:
PHP object is a data type which contains information about data and function inside-the class.
<?php
class School {
function marks( ) {
$this->sec = “A”;
}
}
// create an object
$schoolobj = new School ( );
?>
OUTPUT
NULL

7. NULL:
Null is a special data type which contains a single,value: NULL
<?php $x = null;
?>
OUTPUT:
NULL

8. Resources:
Resource is a specific variable, it has a reference to an external resource. These variables hold specific handlers to handle files and database connections in respective PHP program.
<?php
// Open a file for reading
Shandle = fopen(“note.txt”, “r”);
var_dump($handle);
echo “<br>”;
// Connect to MySQL database server with
default setting
Slink = mysql_connect(“localhost”, “root”, “”);
var_dump($link);
?>

Question 5.
Explain operators in PHP with example?
Answer:
Operators in PHP:
Operator is a symbol which is used to perform mathematical and logical operations in the programing languages. Different types of operator in PHP are:

1. Arithmetic operators
2. Assignment operators
3. Comparison operators
4. Increment/Decrement operators
5. Logical operators, and
6. String operators.

1. Arithmetic operators:
The arithmetic operators in PHP perform general arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division etc.

2. Assignment Operators:
Assignment operators are performed with numeric values to store a value to a variable. The default assignment operator is “=”. This operator sets the left side operant value of expression to right side variable.

3. Comparison Operators:
Comparison operators perform an action to compare two values. These values may contain integer or string data types (Number or Strings).

4. Increment and Decrement Operators:
Increment and decrement operators are used to perform the task of increasing or decreasing variable’s value. This operator is mostly used during iterations in the program logics.

5. Logical Operators:
Logical Operators are used to combine conditional statements.

6. String Operators:
Two operators are used to perform string related operations such as Concatenation and Concatenation assignment (Appends).

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Introduction to Hypertext Pre-Processor Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose The Best Answer

Question 1.
Tim Benner’s Lee developed
(i) Internet
(ii) www
(iii) Javascript
(iv) css
(a) only (i)
(b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (i), (ii), (iii)
(d) (ii), (iii), (iv)
Answer:
(b) (i) and (ii)

Question 2.
……………………… Scripting languages was introduced to support Internet online business.
(a) Server
(b) Client
(c) Web
(d) Online
Answer:
(c) Web

Question 3.
Which one of the following is a fundamental part of any dynamic web page?
(a) HTML
(b) PHP
(c) CSS
(d) JS
Answer:
(b) PHP

Question 4.
PHP was invented by
(a) Rasmus Lerdoof
(b) Tim Berner’s Lee
(c) Bob Frankston
(d) Don Bricklin
Answer:
(a) Rasmus Lerdoof

Question 5.
CSS means
(a) combined script style
(b) cascading style sheets
(c) calculated spreadsheet
(d) consecutive script sheets
Answer:
(b) cascading style sheets

Question 6.
Pick the odd one out.
php, css, ASP, JSP
Answer:
CSS

Question 7.
ASP stands for
(a) All server pages
(b) All script pages
(c) Active server pages
(d) Active script pages
Answer:
(c) Active server pages

Question 8.
JSP means
(a) Joint Server photographs
(b) Java Server pages
(c) Java Script program
(d) Active script pages
Answer:
(b) Java Server pages

Question 9.
ASP is developed by
(a) Apache
(b) Apple
(c) Microsoft
(d) Macromedia
Answer:
(c) Microsoft

Question 10.
In which year php was developed?
(a) 1991
(b) 1992
(c) 1993
(d) 1994
Answer:
(d) 1994

Question 11.
Find the Incorrect statement:
(I) 78.9% of websites are developed by PHP Scripting Language.
(II) 2.2% of websites developed with Python.
Answer:
(II) 2.2% of websites developed with Python.

Question 12.
CGI stands for
(a) Common Gateway Interface
(b) Call Gateway Interrupt
(c) Cold Gateway Interface
(d) Client Gateway Interface
Answer:
(a) Common Gateway Interface

Question 13.
IIS is
(a) Interrupt Interface Service
(b) Intra Interface Service
(c) Intra Interface Service
(d) Internet Intranet Service
Answer:
(b) Intra Interface Service

Question 14.
PHP, 7.3 is released on
(a) Dec 30 2017
(b) Nov 30 2017
(c) Oct 30 2017
(d) Jan 30 2018
Answer:
(b) Nov 30’ 2017

Question 15.
Find the Correct one
(i) PHP is an open source
(ii) Apache tom cat supports PHP
(iii) MS-ITS Supports PHP
(a) Only (i) is true
(b) (ii), (iii) – True
(c) (i), (ii) – True
(d) (i), (ii), (iii) – True
Answer:
(d) (i), (ii), (iii) – True

Question 16.
The ……………………… is a high performance hardware machine it could run more than one application concurrently.
Answer:
Server

Question 17.
The ……………………… is a separate hardware machine which is connected with server in the networks.
Answer:
Client

Question 18.
Match the following
1. Webservers – (a) ASP
2. Server Scripting Language – (b) Server
3. Service provider – (c) Microsoft IIS
4. Service requester – (d) Client
(a) 1 -(c) 2-(a) 3-(b) 4-(d)
(b) 1-(a)2 (b) 3-(c) 4-(d)
(c) 1-(d)2-(c)3-(b)4-(a)
(d) 1-(d) 2-(a) 2-(b) 4-(c)
Answer:
(a) 1 -(c) 2-(a) 3-(b) 4-(d)

Question 19.
How many client server architecture models there?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(b) 3

Question 20.
The ……………………… architecture is used for the server, accessed by client as two layer interactions.
Answer:
two tier

Question 21.
Statement I: Multi/Three tier Architecture is used for the server, accessed by client through more than one layer Interaction.
Statement 2: The programmer could decide the count of business logic layers according to the software requirement.
(a) I – True, II – False
(b) I – False, II – True
(c) I, II – Both True
(d) I, II – Both False
Answer:
(c) I, II – Both True

Question 22.
……………………… is a software which is running in server hardware.
Answer:
webserver

Question 23.
Which takes the responsibilities for compilation and execution of server side scripting languages?
(a) Client
(b) HTML
(c) JS
(d) Web Server
Answer:
(d) Web Server

Question 24.
How many clarifications of web scripting languages are there?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(b) 2

Question 25.
OOP’S stands for ……………………………
Answer:
object oriented programming

Question 26.
How many percentage of websites are running under the open source web servers?
(a) 100%
(b) 70%
(c) 120%
(d) 130%
Answer:
(d) 130%

Question 27.
What is the default port number taken by the software after installation?
(a) 100
(b) 110
(c) 120
(d) 130
Answer:
(d) 130

Question 28.
Name the configuration setting file which is used to run PHP scripting language?
(a) httpk.conf
(b) httpd.conf
(c) httpp.conf
(d) httpdd.conf
Answer:
(b) httpd.conf

Question 29.
Under which directory httpd.conf file is located?
(a) configure
(b) config
(c) configuration
(d) conf
Answer:
(d) conf

Question 30.
How many types of PHP syntax are available?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) A
Answer:
(c) 3

Question 31.
Pick the odd one out
Default syntax, Shortcut Tags, Short Open Tags, HTML Script embed Tags
Answer:
Shortcut Tags

Question 32.
For short open tags, the admin has to enable settings in ………………………… file?
(a) init
(b) php
(c) initialise
(d) php.ini
Answer:
(d) php.ini

Question 33.
The short open tags begins with ………………………….. and closes with ……………………………
Answer:
<? and ?>

Question 34.
Find the correct statement.
1) The embedded PHP file gets executed by the web client.
2) The embedded PHP file get executed in the web server.
Answer:
2) The embedded PHP file get executed in the web server.

Question 35.
………………………….. are the storage locations which can store the values for the later manipulations in the program.
(a) typecast
(b) variables
(c) operand
(d) include
Answer:
(b) variables

Question 36.
The variable in PHP begins with a …………………….. symbol.
(a) $
(b) #
(c) II
(d) =
Answer:
(a) $

Question 37.
The statements in PHP ends with
(a) $
(b) =
(c) ;
(d) :
Answer:
(c) ;

Question 38.
Which one of the following statement is correct related to variable?
(a) data type is required
(b) data type is not required
Answer:
(b) data type is not required

Question 39.
Which is false?
(a) variable name can start with number
(b) variable name can never start with a number
Answer:
(a) variable name can start with number

Question 40.
How many primitive data types are there in PHP scripting language?
(a) 10
(b) 11
(c) 12
(d) 13
Answer:

Question 41.
Identify the Incorrect statements
Case (I) variables are used to classify the data according to the logics Case
(II) Data types are used to classify the data according to the logics
Answer:
Case (I) variables are used to classify the data according to the logics Case

Question 42.
Pick the odd one.
UNIQUE NULL OBJECT ARRAY
Answer:
UNIQUE

Question 43.
………………………. is a collection of characters within the double quotes or single quotes.
Answer:
String

Question 44.
Space is considered as a character.
(a) True
(b) False
Answer:
(a) True

Question 45.
How many possible values does Boolean data type has?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(a) 2

Question 46.
Which datatype contains non-decimal numbers?
(a) Integer
(b) Float
(c) Boolean
(d) Octal
Answer:
(a) Integer

Question 47.
Which function gives information about the given variable?
Ans
(a) var( )
(b) variable( )
(c) var-dump( )
(d) vardump( )
Answer:
(c) var-dump( )

Question 48.
………………………… is a data type which contains information about data and function inside the class.
Answer:
object

Question 49.
What is the keyword used to create a class?
(a) class
(b) classes
(c) class name
(d) class tag
Answer:
(a) class

Question 50.
………………………… variables holds specific handlers to handle files and database connections
Answer:
Resource

Question 51.
………………………. is a symbol which is used to perform mathematical and logical operations.
Answer:
Operator

Question 52.
How many types of operators are there in PHP?
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6
Answer:
(d) 6

Question 53.
Pick the odd one out.
(a) && || ! !=
(b) == == !=
Answer:
(a) != (b)=

Question 54.
Which one of the following is the modulus operator?
(a) +
(b) %
(c) ||
(d) !
Answer:
(b) %

Question 55.
Which is the default assignment operator?
(a) =
(b) ==
(c) ===
(d) ====
Answer:
(a) =

Question 56.
Pick the odd one out.
(a) +=
(b) *=
(c) >=
(d) %=
Answer:
(c) >=

Question 57.
Assignment operator set the …………………….. side operant value of expression to ……………………… side variable.
Answer:
left and right

Question 58.
Which operators compares two values?
(a) Arithmetic
(b) Increment
(c) Comparision
(d) Logical
Answer:
(c) Comparision

Question 59.
Match the following
1. And – (i) &&
2. Or – (ii) ||
3. Not – (iii) !
4. Not equal – (iv) image
(a) 1-(i) 2-(ii) 3-(iii) 4-(iv)
(b) 1-(iv) 2-(iii) 3 -(ii) 4-(iii)
Answer:
(a) 1-(i) 2-(ii) 3-(iii) 4-(iv)

Question 60.
Identify the wrongly matched pair.
(a) Equal – ==
(b) Not Equal – ! =
(c) Not Identical – <>
(d) Identical – ===
Answer:
(c) Not Identical – <>

Question 61.
Which operator is mostly used during iteration in the program logics.
(a) Increment
(b) Decrement
(c) both a & b
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) both a & b

Question 62.
!$x is an example of …………………………… operator.
(a) And
(b) Or
(c) Not
(d) Xor
Answer:
(c) Not

Question 63.
Which operator combines conditional statements.
(a) Comparision
(b) Relational
(c) Resource
(d) Logical
Answer:
(d) Logical

Question 64.
The string concatenation operator is ………………………….
(a) +
(b) .
(c) -=
(d) – =
Answer:
(b) .

Question 65.
…………………………. Concatenation assignment operator.
Answer:
.. =

Question 66.
Concatenation assignment operator comes under
(a) Assignment
(b) String
(c) Character
(d) Logical
Answer:
(b) String

Question 67.
Which operator appends are text to the another?
(а) Character
(b) Assignment
(c) Strings
(d) Logical
Answer:
(c) Strings

Question 68.
Find the statement which is wrong?
(a) PHP is a security program language
(b) PHP is a Flexibility program language
(c) PHP is a platform dependent program language
(d) PHP is a Real-Time Access Monitoring programming language
Answer:
(c) PHP is a platform dependent program language

Question 69.
URL Stands for ………………………….
Answer:
Uniform Resource Locator

Question 70.
HTTP means ……………………….
Answer:
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

II. Short Answers

Question 1.
Define Web browser?
Answer:
(i) Web Browser:
A Web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web.

(ii) Each individual Web page, image, and video is identified by a distinct URL, enabling browsers to retrieve and display them on the user’s device.

Question 2.
Name the three types of syntax available in PHP?
Ans
Three types of PHP Syntax are available. They are as follows:

1. Default Syntax
2. Short open Tags
3. HTML Script embed Tags.

III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write note on HTTP?
Answer:
HTTP:

1. HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol.
2. HTTP is the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web.
3. This protocol defines how messages are formatted and transmitted.
4. The actions taken by web servers and browsers in response to various commands.

Question 2.
Draw a diagram for client server Architecture model?
Answer:

Question 3.
Explain short open tags?
Answer:
Short open Tags:
The Short open Tags begins with “<?” and closes with But admin user has to enable Short style tags settings in php.ini file on the server.

Question 4.
Write note on var-dump function?
Answer:
Var_dump:

1. The var_dump( ) function is used to dump information about a variable.
2. This function displays structured information such as type and value of the given variable.
3. Arrays and objects are explored recursively with values indented to show structure.

Question 5.
Explain resources with examples?
Answer:
Resources
Resource is a specific variable, it has a reference to an external resource. These variables hold specific handlers to handle files and database connections in respective PHP program.
<?php
// Open a file for reading
Shandle = fopen(“note.txt”, “r”);
var_dump($handle);
echo “<br>”;
// Connect to MySQL database server with
default setting
Slink = mysql_connect(“localhost”, “root”, “”);
var_dump(Slink);
?>

Question 6.
Write note on different types of Increment and decrement operators with example?
Increment and Decrement Operators:
Answer:
Increment and decrement operators are used to perform the task of increasing or decreasing variable’s value. This operator is mostly used during iterations in the program logics.

IV. Explain in detail.

Question 1.
Explain different client server Architecture model?
Answer:
Client Server Architecture:
Model Client server architecture is classified into three types, as follows

1. Single Tier Architecture
2. Two Tier Architecture
3. N/Multi/Three tire architecture

1. Single Tier Architecture:
This architecture is used for the server, accessed by client. The client application runs inside the server machine itself. This acts as a single layer interaction as shown in Figure.

2. Two Tier Architecture:
This architecture is used for the server, accessed by client as two layer interactions. Such as Client layer in tire one and server layer in tire Two.

3. Multi/Three Tier Architecture:
This architecture is used for the server, accessed by client through more than one layer interaction. The programmer could decide the count of business logic layers according to the software requirement that is the reason this model is also known as Multi Three Tire Architecture.

Most of the server side scripting languages are working on any one the client server architecture model. Webserver is software which is running in server hardware. It takes the responsibilities for compilation and execution of server side scripting languages.

Question 2.
Explain different types of PHP syntax?
Answer:
Three types of PHP Syntax are available. They are as follows

1. Default Syntax
2. Short open Tags
3. HTML Script embed Tags

1. Default Syntax:
The default Syntax begins with “<?php” and closes with “?>”.

2. Short open Tags:
The Short open Tags begins with “<?” and closes with “?>”. But admin user has to enable Short style tags settings in php.ini file on the server.

3. HTML Script embed Tags:
HTML Script embed Tags looks just like HTML scripts tags. The syntax is shown in Figure.

The above syntax is created and saved in a file with extension of .php. This .php file is ready to execute from Webserver and generate response to client machine.

Question 3.
Explain important features of PHP?
Answer:

1. PHP is an Open Source
2. PHP is a Case Sensitive
3. PHP is a Simplicity Program language
4. PHP is a Efficiency Program language
5. PHP is a Platform Independent Program language
6. PHP is a Security Program language
7. PHP is a Flexibility Program language
8. PHP is a Real-Time Access Monitoring Program language

Students can Download Computer Applications Chapter 7 Looping Structure Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 7 Looping Structure

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Looping Structure Text Book Back Questions and Answers

PART – I
I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
Most complicated looping structure is ……………………………
(a) While
(b) Do While
(c) For
(d) None of them
Answer:
(c) For

Question 2.
Loops that iterate for fixed number of times is called ………………………….
(a) Unbounded loops
(b) Bounded loops
(c) While loops
(d) For loops
Answer:
(b) Bounded loops

Question 3.
Which loop evaluates condition expression as Boolean, if it is true, it executes statements and when it is false it will terminate?
(a) For loop
(b) For each loop
(c) While loop
(d) All of them
Answer:
(d) All of them

Question 4.
Which loop evaluates condition expression as Boolean, if it is true, it executes statements and when it is false it will terminate?
(a) For loop
(b) For each loop
(c) While loop
(d) All of them
Answer:
(d) All of them

Question 5.
What will be displayed in a browser when the following PHP code is executed:
<?php
for (Scounter = 20; $counter< 10;
$counter++)
{
echo “Welcome to Tamilnadu “;
}
echo “Counter is: Scounter”;
?>
(a) Welcome to Tamilnadu
(b) Counter is: 20
(c) Welcome to Tamilnadu Counter is: 22
(d) Welcome to Tamilnadu Welcome to Tamilnadu Counter is: 22
Answer:
(b) Counter is: 20

Question 6.
What will be displayed in a browser when the following PHP code is executed:
<?php
for (Scounter = 10; Scounter = 10;
$counter = $counter + 5){
echo “Hello”;
}
?>
(a) Hello Hello Hello Hello Hello
(b) Hello Hello Hello
(c) Hello
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(d) None of the above

Question 7.
PHP supports four types of looping techniques?
(a) for loop
(b) while loop
(c) for each loop
(d) all the above
Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 8.
Consider the following code
<? php
$count=12;
do{
printf(“%d squared=%d<br/>”,
Scount, pow($count,2));
} while($count<4);
?>
What will be the output of the code.
(a) 12 squared 141
(b) 12 squared=141
(c) “12 squared=141”
(d) Execution error
Answer:
(d) Execution error

Question 9.
What will be the output of the following PHP code?
<?php
for ($x = 1; $x < 10;++$x)
{
print “*\t”;}
?>
(a) **********
(b) *********
(c) ***********
(d) Infinite loop
Answer:
(b) *********

Question 10.
What will be the output of the following PHP code?
<?php
for ($x =-1; $x < 10;–$x)
{
print $x;
}
?>
(a) 123456713910412
(b) 123456713910
(c) 1234567139104
(d) Infinite loop
Answer:
(d) Infinite loop

PART – II
II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Define Looping Structure in PHP?
Looping Structure:
Answer:

1. Looping Structures are useful for writing iteration logics.
2. It is the most important feature of many programming languages, including PHP.
3. They are implemented using the following categories,
   1. for Loop
   2. While Loop
   3. foreach Loop
   4. Do While Loop

Question 2.
Define for loop in PHP?
Answer:
For Loop:
For loop is an important functional looping system which is used for iteration logics when the programmer know in advance how many times the loop should run.
Syntax:
for (init counter; test counter; increment counter)
{
code to be executed;
}

Question 3.
What is For each loop in PHP?
Answer:
For each Loop:

1. for each loop is exclusively available in PHP.
2. It works only with arrays. The loop iteration deepens on each KEY Value pair in the Array.
3. For each, loop iteration the value of the current array element is assigned to $value variable and the array pointer is shifted by one, until it reaches the end of the array element.

Question 4.
List out Looping Structure in PHP?
Answer:

1. for Loop
2. While Loop
3. For each Loop
4. Do While Loop

Question 5.
Write Syntax of For loop in PHP?
Answer:
for (init counter; test counter; increment counter)
{
code to be executed;
}

Question 6.
Write Syntax of For each loop in PHP?
Answer:
for each ($array as $value)
{
code to be executed;
}

Question 7.
Write Syntax of while loop in PHP?
Answer:
while (condition is true)
{
code to be executed;
}

Question 8.
Write Syntax of Do while loop in PHP?
Answer:
do
{
code to be executed;
}
while (condition is true);

Question 9.
Compare For loop and for each loop?
Answer:
For loop:
The for loop is used when you know in advance how many times the script should run.

for each loop:
The for each loop works only on arrays, and is used to loop through each key/value pair in an array.

Question 10.
Usage of for each loop in PHP?
Answer:

1. The for each loop works only on arrays,
2. It is used to loop through each key/value pair in an array.

PART – III
III. Explain in Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write the features Looping Structure?
Looping Structure:
Answer:

1. Looping Structures are useful for writing iteration logics.
2. It is the most important feature of many programming languages, including PHP.
3. They are implemented using the following categories:
   1. For Loop
   2. For each Loop
   3. while Loop
   4. Do while Loop

1. For Loop:
For loop is an important functional looping system which is used for iteration logics when the programmer know in advance how many times the loop should run.
Syntax:
for (init counter; test counter; increment counter) {
code to be executed;
}

2. For each Loop:
foreach loop is exclusively available in PHP. It works only with arrays. The loop iteration deepens on each KEY Value pair in the Array. For each, loop iteration the value of the current array element is assigned to $value variable and the array pointer is shifted by one, until it reaches the end of the array element.
Syntax:
for each ($array as $value)
{
code to be executed;
}

3. While Loop:
While loop is an important feature which is used for simple iteration logics. It is checking the condition whether true or false. It executes the loop if specified condition is true.
Syntax:
while (condition is true)
{
code to be executed;
}

4. Do While Loop:
Do whileloop always run the statement inside of the loop block at the first time execution. Then it is checking the condition whether true or false. It executes the loop, if the specified condition is true.
Syntax: do
{
code to be executed;
}
while (condition is true);

Question 2.
Discuss in detail about For each loop?
Answer:
For each Loop:
foreach loop is exclusively available in PHP. It works only with arrays. The loop iteration deepens on each KEY Value pair in the Array. For each, loop iteration the value of the current array element is assigned to $value variable and the array pointer is shifted by one, until it reaches the end of the array element.
Syntax:
for each ($array as Svalue)
{
code to be executed;
}
The foreach construct provides an easy way to iterate over arrays, foreach works only on arrays and objects, and will issue an error when you try to use it on a variable with a different data type or an uninitialized variable.

Example:
<?php
$Student_name = array(“Magilan”, “Iniyan”,
“Nilani”, “Sibi”, “Shini”);
foreach (SStudent_name as $value)
{
echo “Svalue <br>”;
}
?>

Question 3.
Explain the process Do while loop?
Do While Loop:
Answer:
Do while loop always run the statement inside of the loop block at the first time execution. Then it is checking the condition whether true or false. It executes the loop, if the specified condition is true.

Syntax:
do
{
code to be executed;
}
while (condition is true);
Example:
<?php
$Student_count = 10;
$student_number=1;
do
{
echo “The student number is: $student_number<br>”;
$ student_number++;
}
while($student_number<= $Student_count)
?>

Question 4.
Explain concepts of for loop with example?
Answer:
For Loop:
For loop is an important functional looping system which is used for iteration logics when the programmer know in advance how many times the loop should run.

Syntax:
for Unit counter; test counter; increment counter)
{
code to be executed;
}

Parameters:

1. init counter: Initialize the loop initial counter value
2. Test counter: Evaluated for every iteration of the loop. If it evaluates to TRUE, the loop continues. If it evaluates to FALSE, the loop ends.
3. Increment counter: Increases the loop counter value.

Example:
<?php
for ($i = 0; $i<= 10; $i++)
{
echo “The number is: $i<br>”;
}
?>

Question 5.
Explain array concepts in Looping Structure?
Answer:
Foreach Loop:
for each loop is exclusively available in PHP. It works only with arrays. The loop iteration deepens on each KEY Value pair in the Array. For each, loop iteration the value of the current array element is assigned to $value variable and the array pointer is shifted by one, until it reaches the end of the array element.

Syntax:
for each ($array as Svalue)
{
code to be executed;
}
The for each construct provides an easy way to iterate over arrays, foreach works only on arrays Foreach loop Structure and Flow and objects, and will issue an error when you try to use it on a variable with a different data type or an uninitialized variable.
Example:
<?php
$Student_name = array(“Magilan”, “Iniyan”,
“Nilani”, “Sibi”, “Shini”);
foreach (SStudentname as Svalue) {
echo “Svalue <br>”;
}
?>

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Looping Structure Additional Question and Answer

1. Choose The Best Answer

Question 1.
………………………….. structures are useful for writing iteration logics.
Answer:
Looping

Question 2.
Which loop is used if you know in advance how many times the loop should run?
(a) For
(b) For each
(c) While
(d) Do-while
Answer:
(a) For

Question 3.
Find the true statement from the following.
(a) Init counter initialises the loop
(b) Increment counter initialises the loop
Answer:
(a) Init counter initialises the loop

Question 4.
Which counter decides whether the loop should continue or ends?
(a) Init
(b) Test
(c) Increment
(d) Decrement
Answer:
(b) Test

Question 5.
How many segments are there in a for loop?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(c) 3

Question 6.
Pick the odd one out related to the parameters of the for loop?
(a) init
(b) test
(c) text
(d) Increment
Answer:
(c) text

Question 7.
How many types of loops are there?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(d) 4

Question 8.
Each segment of the for loop is terminated by
(a) ,
(b) ;
(c) :
(d) .
Answer:
(b) ;

Question 9.
Which loop is exclusively available in PHP?
(a) For
(b) While
(c) for each
(d) do while
Answer:
(c) for each

Question 10.
Which of the following loop works only with arrays?
(a) for
(b) while
(c) for each
(d) do while
Answer:
(c) for each

Question 11.
Find the Incorrect statement
(I) For loop works only with arrays
(II) For each loop works only with arrays
Answer:
(I) For loop works only with arrays

Question 12.
Which one of the following loop has key value pair?
(a) for
(b) for each
(c) while
(d) do.while
Answer:
(b) for each

Question 13.
Assertion (A): In for each loop, the array pointer is shifted by one.
Reason (R): Whether it reaches the end of the array element
(a) A is True, R is correct But R is not correct explanation for A
(b) Assertion is True, Reason is False
(c) Assertion is false, Reason is true
(d) Assertion and Reason are correct and R is the correct reason for A.
Answer:
(d) Assertion and Reason are correct and R is the correct reason for A.

Question 14.
Find the Wrong statement
(a) For each works on arrays and pointers
(b) For each works on arrays
(c) For each works on arrays and objects .
(d) For each works on objects
Answer:
(a) For each works on arrays and pointers

Question 15.
Find the correct statement from the following.
(a) For each can be used for variables with a different data type
(b) For each can be used with uninitialized variable
(c) For each can be used for objects
Answer:
(c) For each can be used for objects

Question 16.
Which loop is used for simple iteration objects?
(a) For
(b) For each
(c) While
(d) do..while
Answer:
(c) While

Question 17.
Which one of the following loop will be executed atleast once?
(a) For
(b) For each
(c) While
(d) do..while
Answer:
(d) do..while

II. Short Answer

Question 1.
Explain about the parameters in the for loop?
Answer:
Parameters:

1. init counter: Initialize the loop initial counter value
2. Test counter: Evaluated for every iteration of the loop. If it evaluates to TRUE, the loop continues. If it evaluates to FALSE, the loop ends.
3. Increment counter: Increases the loop counter value.

Question 2.
Give the flow chart for For Loop?
Answer:

Question 3.
Write a php program to print the students name in the array?
Example:
Answer:
<?php
$Student_name = array(“Magilan”, “Iniyan”,
“Nilani”, “Sibi”, “Shini”);
foreach ($Studentname as $value) { echo “Svalue <br>”;
?>

Question 4.
Give the structure and flow for while loop?
Answer:

Question 5.
Give the structure and flow chart for dowhile loop?
Answer:

Question 6.
Write a php program to print star (*) in a single line?
Answer:
<?php
for ($x = 1; $x < 10;++$x)
{
print “*\t”;}
?>

III. Explain in detail

Question 1.
Explain While loop?
Answer:
While Loop:
While loop is an important feature which is used for simple iteration logics. It is checking the condition whether true or false. It executes the loop if specified condition is true.

Syntax:
while (condition is true) {
code to be executed;
}
Example:
<?php
$Student_count = 10;
$student_number=1;
while($student_number<= $Student_count)
{
echo “The student number is: $student_number<br>”;
$student_number++;
}
?>

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Model Question Papers helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamil Nadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium

General Instructions:

1. The question paper comprises of four parts
2. You are to attempt all the questions in each part. An internal choice of questions is provided wherever applicable.
3. All questions of Part I, II, III and IV are to be attempted separately.
4. Question numbers 1 to 12 in Part I are Multiple Choice Questions of one mark each.
   These are to be answered by writing the correct answer along with the corresponding option code.
5. Question numbers 13 to 22 in Part II are of two marks each. Any one question should be answered compulsorily.
6. Question numbers 23 to 32 in Part III are of four marks each. Any one question should be answered compulsorily.
7. Question numbers 33 to 35 in Part IV are of seven marks each. Draw diagrams wherever necessary.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 75

Part – I

(i) Answer all the questions. [12 × 1 = 12]
(ii) Choose the most suitable answer and write the code with the corresponding answer.

Question 1.
To project the rockets which of the following principle(s) is /(are) required?
(a) Newton’s third law of motion
(b) Newton’s law of gravitation
(c) Law of conservation of linear momentum
(d) Both (a) and (c)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (c)

Question 2.
Kilowatt hour is the unit of _______.
(a) resistivity
(b) conductivity
(c) electrical energy
(d) electrical power
Answer:
(c) electrical energy

Question 3.
_______ element emits its radiation spontaneously.
(a) Ni
(b) Pb
(c)Pt
(d) u
Answer:
(d) u

Question 4.
Which of the following is a triatomic molecule?
(a) Glucose
(b) Helium
(c) Carbon-di-oxide
(d) Hydrogen
Answer:
(c) Carbon-di-oxide

Question 5.
________ is an important metal to form amalgam.
(a) Ag
(b) Hg
(c) Mg
(d) Al
Answer:
(b) Hg

Question 6.
The component present in lesser amount, in a solution is called _______.
(a) solute
(b) solvent
(c) solution
(d) colloid
Answer:
(a) solute

Question 7.
A patient with blood group ‘O’ was injured in an accident and has blood loss. Which blood group the doctor should effectively use _______ for transfusion.
(a) O group
(b) AB group
(c) A or B group
(d) All blood group
Answer:
(a) O group

Question 8.
Excessive consumption of alcohol leads to _______.
(a) Loss of memory
(b) Cirrhosis of liver
(c) State of hallucination
(d) Suppression of brain function
Answer:
(b) Cirrhosis of liver

Question 9.
_______ is formed during anaerobic respiration.
(a) Carbohydrate
(b) Ethyl alcohol
(c) Acetyl CoA
(d) Pyruvate
Answer:
(b) Ethyl alcohol

Question 10.
Casparian strips are present in the _____ of the root.
(a) Cortex
(b) Pith
(c) Pericycle
(d) Endodermis
Answer:
(d) Endodermis

Question 11.
The soft finely stratified sedimentary rock refer to _______.
(a) Shale
(b) Petroleum
(c) Methane
(d) Coal
Answer:
(a) Shale

Question 12.
All files are stored in the _______.
(a) Folder
(b) Box
(c) Paint
(d) Scanner
Answer:
(a) Folder

Part – II

Answer any seven questions. (Q.No: 22 is compulsory) [7 × 2 = 14]

Question 13.
State Newton’s second law.
Answer:
“The force acting on a body is directly proportional to the rate of change of linear momentum of the body and the change in momentum takes place in the direction of the force”.

Question 14.
What are the caused of “Myopia”?
Answer:
Myopia, also known as short sightedness, occurs due to the lengthening of eye ball. With this defect, nearby objects can be seen clearly but distance objects cannot be seen clearly.

Question 15.
What is the minimum distance needed for an echo?
Answer:

• The minimum distance required to hear an echo is 1/20^th part of the magnitude of the velocity of sound in air.
• If you consider the velocity of sound as 344 ms^-1, the minimum distance required to hear an echo is 17.2 m.

Question 16.
Why does the reaction rate of a reaction increase on raising the temperature?
Answer:
On increasing temperature heat is supplied to the reactant. This energy breaks more bonds and thus speed up the chemical reaction. Foods kept at room temperature spoils faster than that kept in the refrigerator.

Question 17.
Differentiate soaps and detergents.
Answer:

Question 18.
Write the dental formula of rabbit.
Answer:
Dental formula is (I \(\frac{2}{1}\), C\(\frac{0}{0}\), PM \(\frac{2}{1}\), M \(\frac{2}{1}\)) in Rabbit, which is written as \(\frac{2033}{1023}\)
I – Incisors, C – Canine, PM – Premolar and M-molar.

Question 19.
What is bolting? How can it be induced artificially?
Answer:
Sudden shoot elongation followed by flowering is known as bolting. Artifically bolting can be induced on rosette plants by the treatment of Gibberellins.

Question 20.
Identify the parts A,B,C & D?

Answer:
A – Exine
B – Intine
C – Generative cell
D – Vegetative nucleus

Question 21.
How can you determine the age of the fossils?
Answer:
The age of fossils is determined by radioactive elements present in it. They may be carbon, uranium, lead or potassium. By radio active carbon (C¹⁴) dating method, carbon consumption of animals and plants stops after death and since then, only the decaying process of C¹⁴ occurs continuously. The time passed since death of a plant or animal can be calculated by measuring the amount of C¹⁴ present in their body.

Question 22.
A charge of 10 coulomb flows through a bulb in 5 second. What is the current through the bulb?
Answer:
Given : Q = 10 C
t = 5 s
I = \(\frac{Q}{t}=\frac{10}{5}\)
I = 2 A

Part – III

Answer any seven questions (Q.No: 32 is compulsory) [7 × 4 = 28]

Question 23.
State and prove the law of conservation of linear momentum.
Answer:
(i) There is no change in the linear momentum of a system of bodies as long as no net external force acts on them.
(ii) Let us prove the law of conservation of linear momentum with the following illustration:

(iii) Let two bodies A and B having masses m₁ and m₂ move with initial velocity u₁ and u₂ in a straight line.
(iv) Let the velocity of the first body be higher than that of the second body. i.e., u₁ > u₂.
(v) During an interval of time t second, they tend to have a collision. After the impact, both of them move along the same straight line with a velocity v₁ and v₂ respectively.
Force on body B due to A, F_B = \(\frac{m_{2}\left[v_{2}-u_{2}\right]}{t}\)
Force on body A due to B, F_A = \(\frac{m_{1}\left[v_{1}-u_{1}\right]}{t}\)

By Newton’s III law of motion,
Action force = Reaction force
F_A = -F_B
\(\frac{m_{1}\left[v_{1}-u_{1}\right]}{t}=-\frac{m_{2}\left[v_{2}-u_{2}\right]}{t}\)
m₁v₁ – m₁u₁ = -m₂v₂ + m₂u₂
m₁v₁ + m₂v₂ = m₁u₁ + m₂u₂

The above equation confirms in the absence of an external force, the algebraic sum of the momentum after collision is numerically equal to the algebraic sum of the momentum before collision. Hence file law of conservation linear momentum is proved.

Question 24.
(i) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formed by a convex lens when the object is placed between F and 2F.
Answer:
Ray diagram for object placed between F and 2F

(ii) Define one calorie.
Answer:
One calorie is defined as the amount of heat energy required to rise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1°C.

Question 25.
(i) How many electrons are passing per second in a circuit in which there is a current of 5A?
Answer:
Current I = 5 A
time (t) = 1 second
Charge of electron e = 1.6 × 10^-19 C

(ii) Mention two cases in which there is no Doppler effect in sound?
Answer:

1. When source (S) and listener (L) both are at rest.
2. When S and L move in such a way that distance between them remains constant.
3. When source S and L are moving in mutually perpendicular directions.
4. If the source is situated at the center of the circle along which the listener is moving.

Question 26.
Derive the relationship between Relative molecular mass and Vapour density.
Answer:
(а) The Relative Molecular Mass of a gas or vapour is the ratio between the mass of one molecule of the gas or vapour to mass of one atom of Hydrogen.

(b) Vapour density is the ratio of the mass of a certain volume of a gas or vapour, to the mass of an equal volume of hydrogen, measured under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.

(c) According to Avogadro’s law, equal volumes of all gases contain equal number of molecules.
Thus, let the number of molecules in one volume = n, then

(f) By comparing the definition of relative molecular mass Mid vapour density we can write as follows.

(g) By substituting the relative molecular mass value in vapour density definition, we get Vapour density (V.D.) = Relative molecular mass / 2
2 × vapour density = Relative molecular mass of a gas

Question 27.
How is metal corrosion prevented?
Answer:
Methods of preventing corrosion:
1. Alloying: The metals can be alloyed to prevent the process of corrosion.
E.g: Stainless Steel

2. Surface Coating: It involves application of a protective coating over the metal. It is of the
following types:
(a) Galvanization: It is the process of coating zinc on iron sheets by using electric current.
(b) Electroplating: It is a method of coating one metal over another metal by passing electric current.
(c) Anodizing: It is an electrochemical process that converts the metal surface into a decorative, durable and corrosion resistant. Aluminium is widely used for anodizing process.
(d) Cathodic Protection: It is the method of controlling corrosion of a metal surface protected is coated with the metal which is easily corrodible. The easily corrodible metal is called Sacrificial metal to act as anode ensuring cathodic protection.

Question 28.
With a neat labelled diagram explain the structure of a neuron.
Answer:

A typical neuron consists of 3 parts: Cyton, Dendrites and Axon.
(1) Cyton:

• It has a central nucleus with the abundant cytoplasm called neuroplasm.
• The cytoplasm has large granular body called Nissel’s granules
• Other cell organelles like mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum are present.
• Several neurofibrils in the cytoplasm help in transmission of nerve impulses to and form the cell body.

(2) Dendrites:

• These are the numerous branched cytoplasmic processes, that project from the surface of the cell body.
• They conduct nerve impulses, towards the cyton.
• The branched projections increase the surface area for receiving the signals from other nerve cells.

(3) Axon:

• It is a single, elongated, slender projection.
• The end of axon terminates as fine branches, which terminate into knob like swellings called synaptic knob.
• The plasma membrane of axon is called axolemma,
• The cytoplasm of axon is called axoplasm.
• Axon carries impulses away from the cyton.
• The protective sheath around the axon is myelin sheath
• The myelin sheath breaks at intervals by depression called Nodes of Ranvier. It acts as insulator and ensures rapid transmission of nerve impulses.
• The junction between two neuron is called synapsis.

Question 29.
(i) Read the following content and answer the questions below:
Pure-bred tall pea plants are first crossed with pure-bred dwarf pea plants. The pea plants obtained in F₁ generation are then cross-bred to produce F₂ generation of pea plants.
(a) What do the plants of F₁ generation look like?
(b) What is the ratio of tall plants to dwarf plants in F₂ generation?
(c) Which type of plants were missing in F₁ generation but reappeared in F₂ generation?
Answer:
(a) In F₁ generation, all plants are tall (Tt)
(b) In F₂ generation the ratio of tall plants to dwarf plant is 3:1. i.e., 3 tall and 1 dwarf
Three types of plants were obtained
Tall homozygous : TT – 1
Tall heterozygous : Tt – 2
Dwarf homozygous : tt -1

(c) Dwarf plants were missing on F₁ but reappeared in F₂ generation.

(ii) Why is the sino-atrial node Called the pacemaker of heart?
Answer:
Sino-atrial node acts as the ‘pacemaker’ of the heart because it is capable of initiating impulse which can stimulate the heart muscles to contract.

Question 30.
Differentiate the following:
(a) Monocot root and Dicot root
(b) Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration (a) Monocot root and Dicot root
Answer:

(b) Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration
Answer:

Question 31.
(i) What precautions can be taken for preventing heart disease?
(ii) Name two maize hybrids rich in amino acid lysine.
Answer:
(i) Prevention for preventing heart disease

• Reduction in the intake of calories, low saturated fat, cholesterol rich food, low carbohydrates and common salt.
• Increase in the intake of fibre diet, fruits and vegetables, protein, minerals and vitamins.
• Regular exercise, walking and yoga are essential for body weight maintenance.
• Avoid alcohol consumption, Psychotrophic drugs and smoking.

(ii) Protina, shakt and Rathna are lysine rich maize hybrids, which are developed in India.

Question 32.
(i) Write the features of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
Answer:
Nuclear Fission

• The process of breaking up of a heavy nucleus into two smaller nuclei is called ‘nuclear fission’.
• Can be performed at room temperature.
• Alpha, beta and gamma radiations are emitted.
• Fission leads to emission of gamma radiation. This triggers the mutation in the human gene and causes genetic transform diseases.

Nuclear Fusion:

• Nuclear fusion is the combination of two lighter nuclei to form a heavier nucleus.
• Extremely high temperature and pressure is needed.
• Alpha rays, positrons, and neutrinos are emitted.
• Only light and heat energy is emitted.

(ii) Calculate the pH of 0.01 M HNO₃?
Answer:
pH = -log[H⁺]
= -log₁₀ ^-2
= (-2) (- log₁₀¹⁰)
= 2 × 1.00
pH = 2

Part – IV

(1) Answer all the questions. [3 × 7 = 21]
(2) Each question carries seven marks.
(3) Draw diagram wherever necessary.

Question 33.
(i) State Boyle’s law.
Answer:
When the temperature of a gas is kept constant, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.
P ∝ 1/V

(ii) Explain the experiment of measuring the real and apparent expansion of a liquid with a neat diagram.
Answer:
(1) To start with, the liquid whose real and apparent expansion is to be determined is poured in a container up to a level. Mark this level as L₁.
(2) Now, heat the container and the liquid using a burner as shown in the figure Initially, the container receives the thermal energy and it expands.
(3) As a result, the volume of the liquid appears to have reduced. Mark this reduced level of liquid as L₂.

On further heating, the thermal energy supplied to the liquid through the container results in the expansion of the liquid. Hence, the level of liquid rises to L₃. Now, the difference between the levels L₁ and L₃ is called as apparent expansion, and the difference between the levels L₂ and L₃ is called real expansion. The real expansion is always more than that of apparent expansion.
Real expansion = L₃ – L₂
Apparent expansion = L₃ – L₁

[OR]

(b) (i) A source of sound is moving with a velocity of 50 ms^-1 towards a stationary listener. The listener measures the frequency of the source as 1000 Hz. what will be the apparent frequency of the source when it is moving away from the listener after crossing him? (velocity of sound in the medium is 330 ms^-1)
Answer:
When the source is moving towards the stationary listener, the expression for apparent frequency is

The actual frequency of the sound is 848.48 Hz. When the source is moving away from the stationary listener, the expression for apparent frequency is

(ii) Calculate the velocity of a moving body of mass 5 kg whose linear momentum is 2 kg ms^-1.
Answer:
Linear momentum = mass × velocity
Velocity = Linear momentum / mass
v = 2.5 / 5 = 0.5 ms^-1

Question 34.
(a) (i) Calculate the mass of 1.51 x 10^-23 molecule of H₂O.
Answer:

(ii) Calculate the moles of 46 g sodium.
Answer:
46 g of sodium
Atomic mass of sodium = 23
Mass of sodium = 46
No. of moles = \(\frac{\text { mass }}{\text { atomic mass }}=\frac{46}{23}\)
= 2 mole of sodium

(iii) Calculate the number of molecules present in the 36 g water.
Answer:
H₂O → = (1 × 2) + (1 × 16)
= 2 + 16
H₂O = 18 g

= 12.046 × 10²³ atoms
36 g water contains → 12.046 x 10²³ atoms

[OR]

(b) (i) Write notes on various factors affecting solubility.
Answer:
Factors affecting solubility: There are three main factors which govern die solubility of solute. They are:

1. Nature of the solute arid solvent
2. Temperature
3. Pressure

(1) Nature of the solute and solvent: The nature of the solute and solvent plays an important role in solubility. Although water dissolves an enormous variety of substances, both ionic and covalent, it does not dissolve everything.

The phrase that scientists often use when predicting solubility is “like dissolves like.” This expression means that dissolving occurs when similarities exist between the solvent and the solute. For example: Common salt is a polar compound and dissolves readily in polar solvent like water.

Non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents. For example, Fat dissolved in ether. But non-polar compounds, do not dissolve in polar solvents; polar compounds do not dissolve in non-polar solvents.

(2) Effect of Temperature:
Solubility of Solids in Liquid: Generally, solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent increases with increase in temperature. For example, a greater amount of sugar will dissolve in warm water than in cold water.
In endothermic process, solubility increases with increase in temperature.
In exothermic process, solubility decreases with increase in temperature.

Solubility of Gases in liquid : Solubility of gases in liquid decrease with increase in temperature. Generally, water contains dissolved oxygen. When water is boiled, the solubility of oxygen in water decreases, so oxygen escapes in the form of bubbles.

Aquatic animals live more in cold regions because, more amount of dissolved oxygen is present in the water of cold regions. This shows that the solubility of oxygen in water is more at low temperatures.

(3) Effect of Pressure: Effect of pressure is observed only in the case of solubility of a gas in a liquid. When the pressure is increased, the solubility of a gas in liquid increases.

The common examples for solubility of gases in liquids are carbonated beverages, i.e. soft drinks, household cleaners containing aqueous solution of ammonia, formalinaqueous solution of fonnaldehyde, etc.

Question 35.
(a) (i) Why are thyroid hormones referred as personality hormone?
(ii) Define triple fusion?
(iii) Enumerate the importance of forests?
Answer:
(i) Thyroid hormones is essential for normal physical, mental and personality development. Hence it is called as personality honnone.
(ii) The fusion involving two polar nucleus and a sperm nucleus, that occurs in double fertilization in a seed plant and results in the formation of endosperm, is called the triple fusion.
(iii) Importance of forests.

• Forests are the important component of our environment and are dominated by microorganisms, flowering plants, shrubs, climbers and dense trees.
• Forests provide a vast habitat for wild animals.
• Forests help for the economic development of our country.
• Forests are the source for a wide range of renewable natural resource.
• Forests provide wood, food, fodder, fibre and medicine.
• They act as carbon sink, regulate climatic conditions, increase rainfall and reduce global warming.
• Forests protect wild life and also acts as catchment for water conservation.
• They prevent natural hazards like floods and landslides
• They play a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance.

[OR]

(b) (i) List out any three parasitic adaptations in leech.
(ii) Natural selection is a driving force for evolution-How?
Answer:
(i) Parasitic adaptation of leech:

• Anterior and Posterior ends of the body are provided with suckers by which the animal attaches itself to the body of the host.
• The three Jaws, inside the mouth, causes a painless Y – shaped wound in the skin of the host.
• The salivary glands produce Hirudin, which does not allow the blood to coagulate. So, the continuous supply of blood is maintained.

(ii) Darwin published his observations under the name “origin of species”. It elaborates on the theory of natural selection for evolutionary transformation. The principles of Darwinism tells that natural selection is a driving force for evolution.

1. Overproduction: Living beings have the ability to reproduce and have the capacity to multiply in a geometrical manner.

2. Struggle for existence: Due to overproduction a geometric ratio of increase in population occurs. The space to live and food available for the organisms remain the same. This creates a competition among the organisms, for food and space, leading to struggle.

• The competition may be among the individuals of the same species (Intraspecific struggle).
• Competition between the organisms of different species living together (Interspecific struggle).
• Natural conditions like extreme heat or cold drought and floods can affect the existence of organisms (Environmental struggle).

3. Variations:
Small variations are important for evolution. According to Darwin, favourable variations are useful to the organisms and unfavourable variations are harmful or useless to the organisms.

4. Survival of the fittest or Natural selection:
During the struggle for existence, the organisms which can overcome the challenging situation,survive and adapt to the surrounding environment. Organisms, which are unable to face the challenges, are unfit to survive and disappear. The process of selection of organisms with favourable variation is called as Natural selection.

5. Origin of species:
According to Darwin, new species originates by the gradual accumulation of favourable variations for a number of generations.