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You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Civics Solutions Term 1 Chapter 1 Understanding Diversity

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Understanding Diversity Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answer

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 6th Social Science Question 1.
India consists of _____ States and’_____Union territories.
(a) 27,9
(b) 29,7
(c) 28,7
(d) 28,9
Answer:
(b) 29, 7

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Question 2.
India is known as a …………….
(a) Continent
(b) Sub continent
(c) Island
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Sub continent

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Guide Question 3.
Mawsynram, the land of highest rainfall is located in
(a) Manipur
(b) Sikkim
(c) Nagaland
(d) Meghalaya
Answer:
(d) Meghalaya

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Book Back Answers Question 4.
Which one of the following religion is not practised in India?
(a) Sikhism
(b) Islam
(c) Zoroastrianism
(d) Confucianism
Answer:
(d) Confucianism

Samacheer Kalvi Social Science 6th Question 5.
Recognised official languages of India, as per VIIIth Schedule of Indian Constitution
(a) 25
(b) 23
(c) 22
(d) 26
Answer:
(c) 22

6th Standard Samacheer Kalvi Social Science Question 6.
Onam festival is celebrated in …………….
(a) Kerala
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Punjab
(d) Karnataka
Answer:
(a) Kerala

Class 6 Social Science Samacheer Kalvi Question 7.
Mohiniyattara is a classical dance of
(a) Kerala
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Manipur
(d) Karnataka
Answer:
(a) Kerala

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Question 8.
‘Discovery of India’ – a book was written by …………….
(a) Rajaji
(b) V.O.C
(c) Nethaji
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer:
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru

Samacheer Kalvi 6 Social Science Question 8.
‘Discovery of India’
(a) Rajaji
(b) V.O,C
(c) Nethaji
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer:
(d) Jawaharlal Nehrul

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Standard Social Science Question 9.
The phrase ‘ Unity in Diversity’ was coined by
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Ambedkar
(c) Mahathma Gandhi
(d) Rajaji
Answer:
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru

6th Standard Samacheer Kalvi Social Question 10.
V.A. Smith called India as …………….
(a) Great Democracy
(b) Unique land of diversities
(c) Ethnological museum
(d) Secular nation
Answer:
(c) Ethnological museum

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. Geographical features and climatic conditions determine the _________ activities of region
2. Jaisalmer, the land of lowest rainfall is located in _________
3. Tamil was declared as classical language in the year _________
4. Bihu festival is celebrated in _________

Answer:

1. economic
2. Rajasthan
3. 2004
4. Assam

III. Match the following

1. Negroids – a. Religion
2. Coastal areas – b. India
3. Zoroastrianism- c. Fishery
4. Unity in diversity- d. Indian race

Answer:

1. – d
2. – c
3. – a
4. – h

IV. Answer the following questions:

Social Samacheer Kalvi 6th Question 1.
Define diversity.
Answer:
We, the Indians come from different backgrounds, belong to different cultures, worship in different ways. This is known as diversity.

6th Standard Social Samacheer Kalvi Question 2.
What are the types of diversity?
Answer:
The types of diversity are –

1. Landforms and Lifestyle diversity
2. Social diversity
3. Religious diversity
4. Linguistic diversity
5. Cultural diversity

6th Samacheer Kalvi Social Guide Question 3.
Why is India called a subcontinent?
Answer:
A continent is a very large area of land with various physical features such as mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers and seas and various types of weather patterns. India has all of them. So India is known as a subcontinent.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Guide Question 4.
Write the names of three major festivals celebrated in India.
Answer:

1. Pongal, Deepavali – Hindus
2. Miladi Nabi, Ramjan – Muslims
3. Christmas, Easter – Christians

Social Guide For Class 6 Samacheer Kalvi Question 5.
List out some of the classical dances of India.
Answer:

1. Tamil Nadu – Bharatanatyam
2. Kerala – Kathakali
3. Karnataka – Yakshagana
4. Odisha – Odissi
5. Andhra Pradesh – Kuchipudi
6. Manipur – Manipuri
7. Assam – Sattriya

Samacheer Kalvi Social 6th Standard Question 6.
Why is India called the land of unity in diversity?
Answer:

1. In India, people who live in different parts of the country differ in their ways of life.
2. These differences make us unique as Indians.
3. We come from different backgrounds, belong to different cultures, worship different Gods in different ways, yet we live together.
4. This is known as unity in diversity.

V. Answer the following in detail:

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 6th Social Guide Question 1.
Explain : Linguistic diversity’ and cultural diversity.
Answer:
Linguistic Diversity :

1. According to census of India 2001, India has 122 maj or languages and 1599 other languages.
2. Four major Indian language families are Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Austroasiatic and Sino Tibetian. Tamil is the oldest Dravidian language.
3. Historically, the Portuguese, the Dutch, the British, the Danish and the French came to India for trade and their occupation of India or some parts of it has left behind a certain impact upon the culture and language of the people.
4. In due course, English has emerged as an important language and a medium of instruction in schools and colleges.
5. (It is widely used in official communication and daily life.

Cultural Diversity :

1. The term ‘culture’ refers to customs and practices of people, their language, their dress code, cuisine, religion, social habits, music, art and architecture.
2. The culture of a group of people is reflected in their social behaviour and interactions.
3. The group identity fostered by social patterns is unique to a group.
4. Art and architecture are an integral part of every community.
5. It develops as a part of culture and tradition of a community.

Question 2.
“India is a land of diversity, yet we are all united”. Discuss.
Answer:

1. Though diversity is visiable in every aspect of life in India, we are united by the spirit of patriotism.
2. Symbols like the National flag and National Anthem remind us of our great nation and the need to stay united.
3. Celebration of events like Independence Day , Republic day and Gandhi Jayanthi brings us together and keeps the spirit of one nation alive with us.
4. India has a multicultural society.
5. India evolved as a single nation through common beliefs, customs and cultural practices.
6. The freedom struggle and the drafting of our constitution stands as ample evidence to the spirit of unity of India.

VI. Projects and Activities:

Question 1.
“The occupation of people depends on the landform of a place”. Give some
examples.
Answer:

1. The Earth has many landforms such as plains, valleys and mountains.
2. Landforms affect where people build houses and communities.
3. Many people live on plains because it is easy to travel and to farm on flat land.
4. (The low lying regions are suitable for growing crops near clean and fresh water with access to the sea in natural protected harbours.
5. People living in the coastal region might prefer finishing. Mountains and hilly regions are cool but transport, farming etc will be difficult here. So the landforms play a major role in the section of occupation.

Question 2.
Read about a state of your choice and make an album to show the culture and tradition of people who live in that state.
Answer:
Tamil Nadu :

1. Tamil Nadu is a southern state of India.
2. It is supremely rich in culture and heritage.
3. Tamil is the official language of the State. Hindus, Jains, Christians and Muslims live here Men wear dhoti and shirt and woman wear sari. Rice, lentils, grains and vegetables form the main cuisine.
4. Some Tamilans follow the tradition of eating on banana leaf.
5. The Most important form of music is Carnatic music. Bharathanatyam is the
   official dance form of Tamil Nadu.
6. Kolam is drawn at the doors of every house in Tamil Nadu Meenakshi Temple of Madurai and Brihadeeswar
7. Temple of Thanjavur display a grand vista of ancient Hindu mythological diversity and Tamil Heritage.

VII. HOTS :

Question 1.
List out the various festivals celebrated in different states.
Answer:

1. Andhra Pradesh – Brahmotsavam
2. Arunachal Pradesh – Losar festival
3. Assam – Bohag Bihu
4. Bihar – Chhath Puja
5. Chhattisgarh – Bastar Dussehra
6. Goa – Carnival
7. Gujarat – Janmashtami, Diwali
8. Haryana – Baisaki
9. Himachal Pradesh – Maha Sivarathiri
10.  Jammu and Kashmir – Eid-Ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Azha
11. Jharkhand – Holi
12. Karnataka – Ugadi
13. Kerala – Onam
14. Madhya Predesh – Diwali
15. Maharastra – Ganesh Chaturthi

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Understanding Diversity Intext Questions

Question 1.
You have read about the diversity that exists in our country. Compare and contrast. Two states in this table.
Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Understanding Diversity Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
Karagattam is a popular folk dance in
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Gujarat
(c) Assam
(d) Kerala
Answer:
(a) Tamil Nadu

Question 2.
The number of recognized official languages …………….
(a) 13
(b) 18
(c) 22
(d) 25
Answer:
(c) 22

Question 3.
India was called an “ethnological museum” by
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
(b) Dr. Ambedkar
(c) V.A. Smith
(d) Adam Smith
Answer:
(c) V.A. Smith

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. The migration of people is the reason for India’s rich ___________
2. Jaisalmer, located in Rajasthan, is the land of ___________ rainfall.
3. The land of the highest rainfall is ___________ in megalaya.
4. A ___________ is a place where people live together with a common interest or heritage.
5. The fundamental unit of a society are ___________
6. In a ___________ nation all religions are treated equally
7.  ___________ language is widely used in official communication and daily life
8. India is known for ___________
9. The first Prime Minister of independent India was ___________

Answer:

1. diversity
2. lowest
3. Mawsynram
4. community
5. families
6. secular
7. English
8. unity in diversity
9. Jawarharlal Nehru

III. Match the following

Question 1.
(a) Gujarat -(i) Mohiniattam
(b) Kerala -(ii) Kummi
(c) Rajasthan -(iii) Garba
(d) Tamil Nadu -(iv) Ghoomer
Answer:
(a – iii)
(b – i)
(c – iv)
(d – ii)

Question 2.
(a) Dussehra – (i) Architecture
(b) Zoroastrianism – (ii) Language
(c) Dilwara Temple – (iii) Festival
(d) Malayalam – (iv) Religion
Answer:
(a – iii)
(b – iv)
(e – i)
(d – ii)

IV. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Who became part of the modern Indian race?
Answer:
The Dravidians, Negroids, Aryans, Alpines and Mongoloids became part of the modem Indian race.

Question 2.
What is meant by community?
Answer:

1. A community is a place where people live together with a common interest or heritage.
2. Our community is made up of peasants, labourers, artisans, parents, teachers, students and many others.

Question 3.
How is a city formed?
Answer:

1. Families live in a harmonious neighbourhood.
2. Hundreds of neighbourhoods collectively form a village.
3. Thousands of them group together to form a city.

Question 4.
Mention the folk dances of Tamil Nadu.
Answer:

1. Karagattam
2. Oyillattam
3. Kummi
4. Therukoothu
5. Bommalattam
6. Puliattam
7. Kolattam and Thappattam.

Question 5.
Mention some of the festivals celebrated in India.
Answer:
Festivals like Pongal, Deepavali, Holi, Vijayadhasami, Ayudha puja, Navratri Durga Puja, Ganesh Chaturthi, Onam, Miladi Nabi, Ramzan, Christmas are celebrated in India.

Question 6.
What are the various styles of music practiced in India?
Answer:
The Hindustani music, Kamatic music, Classical music, Folk music, Lavani, Ghazl are some of the musics practiced in India.

Question 7.
What does the term culture refer to?
Answer:
The term culture refers to customs and practices of people, their language, their dress code, cuisine, religion, social habits music, art and architecture.

Question 8.
Mention the importance of dances in India.
Answer:
In ancient times, dance was considered as a way to celebrate worship and also as a gesture of thanks giving and joy. Dances of India reflect its cultural richness.

V. Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
How do land forms affect life style?
Answer:

1. India is a sub – continent.
2. It has mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers and seas.
3. These features influence upon the people who live in different landforms of the country.
4. People who live in plains do agriculture.
5. Coastal areas take to fishing for their livelihood.
6. Diversity in landforms also impacts the flora and fauna of that region.
7. As a result food, clothing, occupation and livelihood of the people is closely connected with the regions natural surroundings and climate.

Students can Download Science Term 3 Chapter 4 Water Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Term 3 Chapter 4 Water

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Water Text Book Exercise

I. Choose the best answer:

8th Standard Science Water Lesson Question 1.
Water changes to ice at ………….
(a) 0°C
(b) 100°C
(c) 102°C
(d) 98°C
Answer:
(a) 0°C

8th Standard Science Water Lesson Notes Question 2.
Solubility of carbon dioxide in water is high when the ………….
(a) pressure is low
(b) pressure is high
(c) temperature is high
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) pressure is high

8th Standard Water Lesson Question 3.
The gas collected at the cathode on electrolysis of water is ………….
(a) oxygen
(b) hydrogen
(c) nitrogen
(d) carbon dioxide
Answer:
(b) hydrogen

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Science Question 4.
Which of the following is a water pollutant?
(a) Lead
(b) Alum
(c) Oxygen
(d) Chlorine
Answer:
(a) Lead

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Question 5.
Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of ………….
(a) Sulphates and Chlorides
(b) Dust particles
(c) Carbonates and Bicarbonates
(d) Other soluble particles
Answer:
(a) Sulphates and Chlorides

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Water is colourless, odourless and ………….
2. The boiling point of water is ………….
3. Temporary hardness of water can be removed by …………. of water
4. The density of water is maximum at …………..
5. Loading speeds up the process of …………..

Answer:

1. tasteless
2. 100°C
3. boiling
4. 4°C
5. Sedimentation

III. State True or False. If false, correct the statement:

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Question 1.
Sewage should be treated well before being discharged it into water bodies.
Answer:
True.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Book Solutions Question 2.
Sea water is suitable for irrigation as it contains dissolved salts.
Answer:
False.

Correct statement:
Sea water is not suitable for irrigation as it has high salinity.

Samacheer Kalvi Science 8th Standard Question 3.
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers depletes the soil and causes water pollution.
Answer:
True.

Samacheer Kalvi.Guru 8th Question 4.
Water unfit for drinking is called potable water.
Answer:
False

Correct statement:
Water suitable for drinking is called potable water.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Standard Science Question 5.
Soap lathers well in hard water.
Answer:
False

Correct statement:
Soap lathers well in soft water.

IV. Match the following:

1. Universal solvent – Water Pollutant
2. Hard water – Kills germs
3. Boiling – Ozonisation
4. Sterilization – Water
5. Sewage – Stomach ailments

Answer:

1. Universal solvent
2. Hard water
3. Boiling
4. Sterilization
5. Sewage

V. Give reasons for the following:

Samacheer Kalvi Science 8th Question 1.
Alum is added to water in sedimentation tank.
Reason:

1. Chemical substance potash alum is added to water to speed up the process of sedimentation.
2. This process is called loading.
3. The particles of potash alum combine with the suspended impurities and make them settle down at a faster rate.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Science Solutions Question 2.
Water is a universal solvent.
Reason:

1. Water has a unique property to dissolve more substances than any other liquids.
2. It can dissolve solids such as salt and sugar, liquids such as honey and milk and gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide in it.
3. Water can dissolve more number of substances than any other solvent.
4. Therefore, it is called as universal solvent.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Guide Question 3.
Ice floats on water.
Reason:

1. This is because ice is lighter than water.
2. It means that the density of ice is lower than that of water.
3. Since ice is a bad conductor of heat it does not allow heat to pass through it.
4. So, the water below the ice remains in liquid form, where most of the aquatic life lives.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Books Science Question 4.
Aquatic animals can breathe in water.
Reason:

1. Air dissolved in water is important for the aquatic animals to survive.
2. Aquatic animals extracts the oxygen form the water and expels water.
3. They can breathe in water only through the dissolved oxygen present in water.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Question 5.
Sea water is unfit for drinking.
Reason:

1. Every litre of sea water contains 35 grams of dissolved salts most commonly known as sodium chloride (NaCl).
2. Such water is called saline water.
3. It is not suitable for drinking and is said to be non-potable water.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Book Question 6.
Hard water is not good for washing utensils.
Reason:
Hard water damages the utensils and containers in which it is stored and forms a hard layer.

VI. Define the following:

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Books Solutions Science Question 1.
Freezing Point.
Answer:
The temperature at which a liquid turns into solid when cooled is known as freezing point. The freezing point of water is 0°C.

8th Standard Samacheer Kalvi Science Question 2.
Boiling point.
Answer:
The temperature at which a water boils and changes to steam is called as boiling point. The boiling point of water is 100°C at atmospheric pressure.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Standard Question 3.
Specific heat capacity.
Answer:
Amount of heat that is needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1°C is called specific heat capacity.

8th Standard Science Samacheer Kalvi Question 4.
Latent heat of fusion.
Answer:
The amount of heat energy required by ice to change into water is called latent heat of fusion of ice.

Samacheer Kalvi 8 Science Book Question 5.
Potable water.
Answer:
The water suitable for drinking is called potable water.

VII. Answer in brief:

Question 1.
Name the gas evolved at cathode and anode when water is electrolysis. State their ratio by volume.
Answer:

1. The gas which is evolved at cathode: Hydrogen (H₂).
2. The gas which is evolved at anode: Oxygen (O₂)
3. The ratio of H₂ and O₂ = 2 : 1.

Question 2.
State the importance of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in water.
Answer:

1. Fish extracts the oxygen from the water and expels water through the gills. Fish can survive in water only through the dissolved oxygen present in water.
2. Aquatic plants make use of dissolved carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
3. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water reacts with limestone to form calcium bicarbonate.
4. Marine organisms such as snails, oysters, etc., extract calcium carbonate from calcium bicarbonate to build their shells.

Question 3.
What are the causes of temporary hardness and permanent hardness of water?
Answer:

1. Temporary hardness is due to the presence of carbonate and bicarbonate salts of calcium and magnesium.
2. Permanent hardness is due to the presence of chloride and sulphate salts of calcium and magnesium.

Question 4.
Define specific latent heat of vaporization of water.
Answer:

1. When water attains the temperature of 100°C, it starts changing its state from liquid to gaseous state, however, the temperature of water does not rise above 100°C.
2. It is because the heat energy supplied only changes the state of the boiling water.
3. This heat energy is stored in steam and is commonly called latent heat of vaporization of steam.

Question 5.
What are the methods of removing hardness of water?
Answer:

1. Boiling – Temporary hardness is easily removed from water by boiling.
2. Adding washing soda – Washing soda is used to remove permanent hardness of water.
3. Ion-exchange – This converts hard water into soft water.
4. Distillation – Temporary and permanent hardness both can be removed by the method of distillation.

VIII. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
How is water purified at a water purification plant?
Answer:
In conventional water treatment plant, water is subjected to different process. They are:
Sedimentation:

1. Water from lakes or rivers is collected in large sedimentation tanks.
2. There, it is allowed to stand undisturbed so that suspended impurities settle down at the bottom of the tank.
3. Sometimes, a chemical substance such as potash alum is added to water to speed up the process of sedimentation, this is called loading.
4. The particles of potash alum combine with the suspended impurities and make them settle down at a faster rate.

Filtration:

1. Water from the sedimentation tanks is then pumped to the filtration tanks.
2. Filtration tanks contain filter beds made up of gravel, sand, pebbles, activated charcoal and concrete.
3. Water passes through these layers and becomes free from any remaining dissolved or suspended impurities completely.

sterilisation:

1. The filtered water is treated chemically to remove the remaining germs or bacteria, this process is called sterilisation.
2. The chemicals that are used in this process are chlorine and ozone.
3. The process of adding chlorine in adequate amounts to water is called chlorination.
4. The water from filtration tanks is pumped into chlorination tanks, where chlorine is added to remove harmful bacteria and other germs.
5. Ozonisation is a process in which water is treated with ozone gas to kill the germs present in it.
6. The sterilisation of water can also be done by exposing it to air and sunlight.
7. Oxygen from the air and sunlight destroy the germs present in water.
8. Aeration is the process in which air under pressure is blown into filtered water, this also helps to kill the germs.

Question 2.
What is permanent hardness of water? How can it be removed?
Answer:
The hardness due to the presence of chloride and sulphate salts of calcium and magnesium is known as permanent hardness of water.
Removal of hardness:
1. Adding washing soda.

1. Washing soda is used to remove permanent hardness of water.
2. It converts chlorides and sulphates into insoluble carbonates.
3. These insoluble carbonates are removed by filtration.

2. Distillation.

1. Temporary and permanent hardness both can be removed by the method of distillation.
2. The water obtained after distillation is called distilled water.
3. It is the purest form of water.

Question 3.
What is Electrolysis? Explain the electrolysis of water.
Answer:
The process of breaking down of water molecules by the passage of electric current is known as electrolysis of water.
Electrolysis of Water:

1. A glass beaker is fixed with two carbon electrodes and it is filled with water up to one third of its volume.
2. The positive carbon electrode acts as anode and the negative carbon electrode acts as cathode.
3. Two test tubes are placed on the electrodes.
4. The electrodes are connected to a battery’ and current is passed until the test tubes are filled with a particular gas.
5. If the gas collected is tested using a burning splint we can notice that the gas in cathode side bums with a popping sound when the burning splint is brought near the mouth of the test tube.
6. This property is usually shown by hydrogen gas and so it is confirmed that the gas inside the test tube is hydrogen.
7. The burning splint placed near the anode side bums more brightly confirming that it is oxygen gas. This experiment shows that water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen.
8. The ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is 2:1. Hence, for every two volumes of hydrogen collected at the cathode, there is one volume of oxygen collected at the anode.

Question 4.
Explain the different ways by which water gets polluted.
Answer:
1. Domestic Sewage.
Untreated sewage contains impurities such as organic matter from food waste, toxic chemicals from household products and it may also contain disease-causing microbes.

2. Domestic waste and plastics.
Plastics block drains spreading vector borne diseases such as malaria and dengue. Waste in water bodies negatively impact aquatic life.

3. Agricultural activities

• Fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides used in agriculture can dissolve in rainwater and flow into water bodies such as rivers and lakes.
• This causes an excess of nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates as well as toxic chemicals into the water bodies and they can be harmful to aquatic life.

4. Industrial waste.

• Many industries release toxic waste such as lead, mercury, cyanides, cadmium, etc.
• If this waste is unregulated and is released into water bodies, it negatively impacts humans, plants, animals and aquatic life.

5. Oil spills.
Oil spills cause water pollution which is harmful to aquatic life.

6. Thermal pollution.
Water used for cooling purposes is discharged back to a river or to original water source at a raised temperature and sometimes with chemicals. This rise in temperature decreases the amount of oxygen dissolved in water which adversely affects the aquatic life.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Water Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct Answer:

Question 1.
What is the chemical formula of water?
(a) HO₂
(b) H₂O
(C) H₂O₂
(d) HO
Answer:
(b) H₂O

Question 2.
In which one of the following states water is present on Earth?
(a) solid
(b) liquid
(c) gas
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 3.
In the process of electrolysis of water, the positive carbon electrode acts as ……………..
(a) cathode
(b) anode
(c) both a and b
(d) none
Answer:
(b) anode

Question 4.
The boiling point of water increases with …………….. in pressure.
(a) decrease
(b) increase
(c) increase or decrease
(d) none
Answer:
(b) increase

Question 5.
The freezing point of water …………….. with increase in pressure.
(a) increase
(b) decreases
(c) remains same
(d) none
Answer:
(b) decreases

Question 6.
Every litre of sea water contains …………….. grams of dissolved salts.
(a) 40
(b) 70
(c) 35
(d) 10
Answer:
(c)35

Question 7.
The process of adding chlorine in adequate amounts to water is called ……………..
(a) Sterilisation
(b) Ozonisation
(c) Aeration
(d) Chlorination
Answer:
(d) Chlorination

Question 8.
…………….. from the air and sunlight destroy the germs present in water.
(a) Oxygen
(b) Hydrogen
(c) Nitrogen
(d) none
Answer:
(a) Oxygen

Question 9.
Aquatic plants make use of dissolved …………….. for photosynthesis.
(a) O₂
(b) CO₂
(c) N₂
(d) H₂
Answer:
(b)CO₂

Question 10.
Which one of the following has the highest latent heat of vaporization?
(a) Ice
(b) Water
(c) Steam
(d) Metal
Answer:
(c) Steam

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. The chemical name of water is …………….
2. …………….
3. Water was first prepared by ……………..
4. Pure water boils at ……………. °C at one atmospheric pressure.
5. Freezing of water will cause an ……………. is the volume.
6. ……………. has the highest latent heat of fusion.
7. One gram of water requires ……………. of heat to raise its temperature by l°C.
8. Water is circulated around car engine using the ……………. pump and the heat is absorbed.
9. Pure water is ……………. and it shows no action towards litmus paper
10. ……………. does not react with water and any temperature.

Answer:

1. Dihydrogen monoxide
2. O₂
3. Henry Cavendish
4. 100
5. expansion
6. Ice
7. 1 Calorie
8. radiator
9. neutral
10. Copper

III. True or False. If false, give the correct statement:

Question 1.
Washing soda is used to remove permanent hardness of water.
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
Temporary and permanent hardness both can be removed by the method of boiling.
Answer:
False

Correct statement:
Temporary and permanent hardness both can be removed by the method of distillation.

Question 3.
The pleasant taste of drinking water is due to the presence of dissolved substance which include air, CO₂ and minerals.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
Micro-plastics can be found in almost every freshwater source.
Answer:
True.

Question 5.
During electrolysis, hydrogen and oxygen are obtained in the ratio 1 : 2.
Answer:
False

Correct statement:
During electrolysis, hydrogen and oxygen are obtained in the ratio 2:1.

IV. Match the following:

1. Density of pure water – (a) Inflammable air
2. Henry Cavendish – (b) Cathode
3. Hydrogen – (c) 1 g/cm³
4. Negative carbon electrode – (d) Hydrogen

Answer:

1. c
2. d
3. a
4. b

V. Very short answer questions:

Question 1.
Name the process by which temporary hardness is easily removed from water.
Answer:
Boiling.

Question 2.
Name the chemical which converts chlorides and sulphates into insoluble carbonates.
Answer:
Washing soda.

Question 3.
What is the taste of distilled water & boiled water?
Answer:
No taste.

Question 4.
When did Henry Cavendish discover Water?
Answer:
Water was first prepared in 1781 by an English scientist Henry Cavendish.

VI. Short Answer Questions:

Question 1.
What are the sources of water pollution?
Answer:

1. House hold detergents
2. Domestic sewage
3. Domestic waste and plastics
4. Agricultural activities
5. Oil spills
6. Industrial waste.

Question 2.
How plastic sheets affect the soil?
Answer:

1. Plastic sheets are used in agriculture to grow vegetables.
2. At the end of the season, these plastic sheets are ploughed back into the soil.
3. The plastic sheets break into tiny pieces and get eaten by earthworms, which is harmful to their health and that of soil.

Question 3.
Write a note on ion-exchange.
Answer:

1. Another method used to remove the hardness of water is to pass it through a column of ion-exchange resins where calcium and magnesium ions get replaced by sodium ions.
2. This converts hard water into soft water.

Question 4.
What is the reason for hardness of water?
Answer:
The hardness of water is due to the presence of dissolved salts of calcium and magnesium.

Question 5.
Mention the disadvantages of hard water.
Answer:

1. It is not good for washing clothes. It forms scum with soap and detergents, which makes the soap ineffective and also spoils the clothes further.
2. It damages the utensils and containers in which it is stored and forms a hard layer.
3. It forms scales on the machine parts used in industries and decreases their efficiency.
4. It results in stomach ailments if consumed for a long period.

Question 6.
What is soft water?
Answer:
Water contains a number of dissolved salts and minerals. When these salts are present in very small quantities in water, it is called soft water.

Question 7.
Write the characteristics of potable water.
Answer:

1. Potable water should be colourless and odourless.
2. II should be transparent.
3. It should be free from harmful micro-organisms such as bacteria, virus and protozoa.
4. It should be free from suspended impurities.
5. I should contain some minerals and salts, necessary for our body and some dissolved gases to add taste.

Question 8.
Write a short note on catalytic nature of water.
Answer:
Water acts as a catalyst in a number of reactions. Perfectly dry hydrogen and chlorine gases do not react in the presence of sunlight. However in the presence of traces of water, the reaction takes place with explosion to produce hydrogen chloride.

Question 9.
What are the physical properties of pure water?
Answer:
Pure water is a clear and transparent liquid:

1. Pure water boils at 100° C at one atmospheric pressure.
2. Pure water freezes at exactly 0°C at one atmospheric pressure.
3. Pure water has a density of 1 gm/cm₃.

Question 10.
Write the chemical equation for the production of water when zinc reacts with sulphuric acid.
Answer:
Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂
2H₂+ O₂ → 2H₂O

VII. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
Tabulate the sources and effects of domestic and industrial pollutants.
Answer:

Question 2.
Mention some simple ideas to avoid water pollution.
Answer:

1. Use detergents that are biodegradable and avoid those that contain toxic chemicals,
2. Wear clothing that is made from natural fibres such as cotton and avoid wearing synthetic fibres such as nylon.
3. Do not throw waste such as plastics into water bodies. Always separate your waste into recyclable, non-recyclable and biodegradable so that it does not cause pollution.
4. Domestic waste water should be treated properly, and all harmful substances should be removed from it, so it can be reused for flushing toilets and gardening.
5. Use bio-pesticides (natural pest control) instead of chemical pest control.
6. Use compost made from cow dung, garden waste and kitchen waste as a fertiliser.
7. Water released from industries should be treated before being discharged.

Question 3.
Explain about oil spills.
Answer:

1. There are large crude oil and natural gas reserves below the sea bed.
2. With the increasing exploration of crude oil in the oceans, accidents in drilling and transporting oil have also increased.
3. Oil spills cause water pollution which is harmful to aquatic life.
4. The oil which remains floating on the water surface blocks sunshine, reduces the oxygen dissolved in water and suffocates marine organisms.

Question 4.
Explain the importance of dissolved salts in water.
Answer:

1. They are essential for the growth and development of plants.
2. They add taste to water.
3. They supply the essential minerals needed for our bodies.
4. Most of the chemical reactions important for our living take place in the cells of our body with the help of water.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Water Intext Activities

Activity – 1

Question 1.
Take some anhydrous copper (II) sulphate powder and place it in a watch glass. Add water drop by drop to the anhydrous copper (II) sulphate. Do you notice any colour change in the powder? You can notice the powder turning blue. It is a test for water.

Answer:

1. The reaction between anhydrous copper (II) sulphate and water is used as a test for water.
2. The white solid turns blue in the presence of water.

Activity -3

Question 1.
Place a sample of tap water on a clean watch glass and place it over a beaker containing water, as shown in Tap water the figure. Boil the water in the beaker. When all the water has evaporated from the watch glass, remove it from the burner and let it cool. What do you see on the watch glass?

Answer:

1. We can observe a number of concentric rings of solid matter deposited on the watch glass.
2. These are the dissolved solids left behind after the evaporation of water Salts, minerals and impurities are the solids dissolved in water.

Activity -5

Question 1.
Take two pots with similar plants. Water one of the plants with tap water and the other with sea water. Record your findings and note the difference observed.
Answer:
Observation:

1. Due to the high salinity of sea water, the plant starts to droop
2. The plant which is watered with tap water grows well.

Activity – 6

Question 1.
Take samples of water from different sources (like a tube well, a lake, a pond or a river) and pour equal quantities of each sample of water into different test tubes. Measure the height of water in each test tube with a scale. Add one or two drops of liquid soap to each test tube. Shake each test tube five times and observe the height of the lather in each sample. Record your observations in the table. Which water is soft ? Which water is hard? Can you say why?
Answer:
Samples of water (Source):

1. Tap water
2. Well water
3. Pond water
4. River water

Height of lather:

1. Less
2. Less
3. More
4. More

Question 2.
Which water is soft?
Answer:

1. Pond and river water are considered as soft due to presence of very small quantities of salts.
2. Salts are present in very small quantities.

Question 3.
Which water is hard?
Answer:
Tap and well water are considered as hard due to presence of large quantity of minerals and salts.

Students can find the most related topics which helps them to analyse the concepts if they practice according to the chapter-wise page. It is necessary for the students to practice more Questions and Answers for Tamilnadu State Board Solutions of 11th Commerce are given in the pdf format in chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent Questions and Answers so that students can prepare in both online and offline modes. So, Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, to score good marks.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Solutions Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent

Get the Questions and Answers, in Tamilnadu State Board 11th Commerce Solutions for Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent. Learn the concepts of 11th Commerce Chapter-Wise by referring to the Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent Questions and Answers. Hence we suggest the students to Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf to enhance your knowledge.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

11th Commerce Chapter 1 Question 1.
The place where the goods are sold is ……………
(a) Angadi
(b) Market
(c) Nalangadi
(d) Allangadi
Answer:
(a) Angadi

Trade And Commerce Was Common To Dynasty Question 2.
Hindrance of place is removed by ……………
(a) Transport
(b) Warehouse
(c) Salesman
(d) Insurance
Answer:
(a) Transport

11th Commerce 1st Chapter Question 3.
Who wrote “Arthasasthra”?
(a) Kautilya
(b) Chanakiya
(c) Thiruvalluvar
(d) Elangovadigal
Answer:
(a) Kautilya

Trade And Commerce Was Common To Dash Dynasty Question 4.
Trade and Commerce was common to …………… Dynasty.
(a) Pallava
(b) Chola
(c) Pandiya
(d) Chera
Answer:
(c) Pandiya

Historical Background Of Commerce Question 5.
…………… was first sultan who paved way in the dense forest and helped traders to move from one market place to others place for their commercial caravans.
(a) Balban
(b) Vasco da Gama
(c) Akbar
(d) Alauddin Khilji
Answer:
(a) Balban

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 11th Commerce Question 1.
What is meant by Barter system?
Answer:
Goods were exchanged for goods prior to invention of money.

Question 2.
What is meant by Nalangadi?
Answer:
The place where the goods were sold was called ‘Angadi’ in the Pandiya period. Day market was called as Nalangadi.

Question 3.
What is meant by Allangadi?
Answer:
The night market was called as Allangadi according to Saint Poet Ilango in Silapathigaram, Madurai-Kanchi.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Explain the meaning of the term “Vanigam”.
Answer:
The word ‘Vanigam’ has been widely used in Sangam literature like Purananuru and Thirukkural. The earliest trading population of India was Indus valley people, who used the word ‘trade’. The word vaniyam or vanipam would have had a Dravidian origin.

Question 2.
State the meaning of Maruvurapakkam and Pattinapakkam.
Answer:
Big cities like Poompuhar had the ‘Maruvurappakam’ (inland town) and ‘Pattinapakkam’ (coastal town), had market and bazaars where many merchants met one another for the purpose of selling or buying different kinds of commodities and food stuff.

Question 3.
What is the role of Sangam in trade development of ancient Tamil Nadu?
Answer:
Sangam work refers to great traders, their caravans, security force, markets, marts and guilds of such great traders.

Question 4.
What are the ports developed by Pandiya kingdom?
Answer:
Port towns like Tondi, Korkai, Puhar and Muziri were always seen as busy with marts and markets with activities related to imports and exports. In such a brisk trade, people of the coastal region, engaged themselves in coastal trade and developed their intercontinental trade contacts.

Question 5.
What was focused in Arthasasthra about creation of wealth?
Answer:
Arthasasthra focused on creation of wealth as the means to promote the well being of the state. Kautilya advocated maintenance of perfect balance between State management and people’s welfare through trading activities.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the hindrances of business?
Answer:
Hindrances of business:
1. Hindrance of Person: Manufacturers do not know the place and face of the consumers. It is the retailer who knows the taste, preference and location of the consumers. The chain of middlemen consisting of wholesalers, agents and retailers establish the link between the producers and consumers.

2. Hindrance of Place: Production takes place in one centre and consumers are spread throughout the country and world. Rail, air, sea and land transports bring the products to the place of consumer.

3. Hindrance of Time: Consumers want products whenever they have money, time and willingness to buy. Goods are produced in anticipation of such demands.

4. Hindrance of risk of deterioration in quality: Proper packaging and modern air conditioned storage houses ensure that there is no deterioration in quality of products.

5. Hindrance of risk of loss: Fire, theft, floods and accidents may bring huge loss to the business.

6. Hindrance of knowledge: Advertising and communication help in announcing the arrival of new products and their uses to the people.

7. Hindrance of exchange: Money functions as a medium of exchange and enables the buying and selling of any product or service by payment of the right price.

8. Hindrance of finance: Producers and traders may not have the required funds at the time of their need.

9. Hindrance of developing the exact product: Research and development helps in developing the exact product or service which can satisfy the specific wants of consumers and thus improve the standard of living of the people.

10. Hindrance of both selection and delivery at doorsteps: E – Commerce enables the consumer to select the product in the website, place online orders and make payment after receiving the product at the doorstep.

Question 2.
State the constraints in barter system.
Answer:
1. Lack of double coincidence of Wants: Unless two persons who have surplus have the demand for the goods possessed by each other, baiter could not materialize. If this “coincidence of wants” does not exist, Barter cannot take place.

2. Non – existence of common measure of value: Barter system could not determine the value of commodities to be exchanged as they lacked commonly acceptable measures to evaluate each and every commodity.

3. Lack of direct contact between producer and consumers: It was not possible for buyers and sellers to meet face to face in many contexts for exchanging the commodities for commodities.

4. Lack of surplus stock: Absence of surplus stock was one of the impediments in barter system. If the buyers and sellers do not have surplus then no barter was possible.

Question 3.
Explain the development of Commerce and Trade in North India.
Answer:
India was prosperous even during the medieval period from 12^th to 16^th centuries despite political upheavals. Balban was the first sultan who paved the way in the dense forest and helped traders and their commercial caravans to move from one market place to others. Allauddin Khilji brought the price to a very low ebb. He encouraged import of foreign goods from Persia and subsidised the goods.

Arabs were dominant players in India’s foreign trade. They never discouraged Indian traders like Tamils, Gujaratis, etc. The trade between the coastal ports were in the hands and Marwaris and Gujiratis, The overland trade with central and west Asia was in the hands of Multanis who were Hindus and Khurasanis who were Afghans, Iranians and so on.

Question 4.
Briefly explain the coastal trade in ancient Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
Big cities like Poompuhar had the ‘Maruvurappakam’ (inland town) and ‘Pattinapakkam’ (coastal town), had market and bazaars where many merchants met one another for the purpose of selling or buying different kinds of commodities and food stuff. Port towns like Tondi, Korkai, Puhar and Muziri were always seen as busy with marts and markets with activities related to imports and exports. In such a brisk trade, people of the coastal region, engaged themselves in coastal trade and developed their intercontinental trade contacts.

They were engaged in different kinds of fishing pearls, and conches and produced salts and built ships. Boats like ‘Padagu’, ‘Thimil’, ‘Thoni’, ‘Ambu’, ‘Odampunai’, etc., were used to cross rivers for domestic trade while ‘Kalam’, ‘Marakalam’, ‘Vangam’, ‘Navai’, etc., were used for crossing oceans for foreign trade.

Question 5.
What do you know about the overseas trading partners of ancient Tamil Nadu?
Answer:
Foreigners who transacted business were known as Yavanars. Arabs who traded with Tamil were called ‘Jonagar’. Pattinappalai praised Kaveripumpattinam as a city where various foreigners of high civilization speaking different languages assembled to transact business with the support of the then Kingdom.

Many ports were developed during the Sangam period. Kaveripumpattinam was the chief port of the Kingdom of Cholas while Nagapattinam, Marakannam, Arikamedu, etc., were other small ports on east coast. Similarly, Pandiyas developed Korkai, Saliyur, Kayal, Marungaurpattinam and Kumari for foreign trade. The State Govertments installed check posts to collect customs along the highways and the ports.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
…………….. is part and parcel of human life.
(a) Commerce
(b) Banking
(c) Insurance
(d) Warehousing
Answer:
(a) Commerce

Question 2.
…………….. means exchange of goods for goods.
(a) Insurance
(b) Money
(c) Barter System
(d) Transport
Answer:
(c) Barter System

Question 3.
Commerce activities are heading for a cashless system through ……………..
(a) e – commerce
(b) banking
(c) insurance
(d) warehousing
Answer:
(a) e – commerce

Question 4.
…………….. in Sangam period was both internal and external.
(a) Sales
(b) Education
(c) Industry
(d) Trade
Answer:
(d) Trade

Question 5.
Day market was called as ……………..
(a) Nalangadi
(b) Angadi
(c) Business
(d) Trade
Answer:
(a) Nalangadi

Question 6.
Night market was called as ……………..
(a) Allangadi
(b) Street store
(c) Shop
(d) Maligai
Answer:
(a) Allangadi

Question 7.
Which is called as sleepless city?
(a) Chennai
(a) Allangadi
(c) Tuticorin
(d) Salem
Answer:
(a) Allangadi

Question 8.
Boats like …………….. were used to cross rivers for domestic trade.
(a) Fishings
(b) Kalam
(c) Marakalam
(d) Thimil
Answer:
(d) Thimil

Question 9.
Boats like …………….. were used for crossing oceans for foreign trade.
(a) Vangam
(b) Thimil
(c) Ambu
(d) Thoni
Answer:
(a) Vangam

Question 10.
…………….. was the chief port of the Kingdom of Cholas.
(a) Marakannam
(b) Arikamedu
(c) Kayal
(d) Kaveripumpattinam
Answer:
(d) Kaveripumpattinam

Question 11.
…………….. Who advocated maintenance of perfect balance between State management and people’s welfare through trading activities.
(a) Kautilya
(b) Pandiya
(c) Hebrew
(d) Chola
Answer:
(a) Kautilya

Question 12.
The profit margin allowed for traders ranged from 5% for indigenous goods and ……………..
for imported goods.
(a) 10%
(b) 5%
(c) 15%
(d) 20%
Answer:
(a) 10%

Question 13.
Who encouraged import of foreign goods from Persia and subsidized the goods?
(a) Balban
(b) Sultan
(c) Alauddin Khilji
(d) Kautilya
Answer:
(c) Alauddin Khilji

Question 14.
Which one helps in announcing the arrival of new products and their uses to the people?
(a) Advertising
(b) Banking
(c) Trade
(d) Transport
Answer:
(a) Advertising

Question 15.
…………….. functions as a medium of exchange.
(a) Transport
(b) Banking
(c) Money
(d) Warehousing
Answer:
(c) Money

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What is cashless system?
Answer:
Commerce activities are heading for a cashless system through e-commerce which means business activities enabled through electronic modes like Online trading, Mobile banking and e – marketing.

Question 2.
What is ‘Angadi’?
Answer:
The place where the goods were sold was called ‘Angadi’ in Pandiya Dynasty.

Question 3.
Which city was called sleepless city?
Answer:
Madurai was called sleepless city due to round – the – clock business activities.

Question 4.
What type of boats were used to cross rivers for domestic trade?
Answer:
Boats like ‘Padgu’, ‘Thimil’, ‘Thom’, ‘Ambu’ ‘Odampunai’, etc., were used to cross rivers for domestic trade.

Question 5.
What type of boats were used to cross oceans for foreign trade?
Answer:
Boats like ‘Kalam’, ‘Marakalam’, ‘Vangam’, ‘Navai’, etc., were used for crossing oceans for foreign trade.

Question 6.
How were the foreigners called in Ancient Tamil Nadu?
Answer:
Foreigners who transacted business were known as ‘yavanars’.

Question 7.
What was the role of the state in trade?
Answer:
The role of the state in trade related to two aspects namely adequate infrastructure to sustain the trade and administrative machinery for taxation.

Question 8.
What was advocated by Kautilya?
Answer:
Kautilya advocated maintenance of perfect balance between State management and people’s welfare through trading activities.

Question 9.
With whom Cholas had a strong trading relationship?
Answer:
Cholas had a strong trading relationship with Chinese Song Dynasty.

Question 10.
What are the constraints of Barter System? (any two)
Answer:

1. Lack of double coincidence of wants
2. Non – existence of common measure of value

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
How has the commerce activities emerged how?
Answer:
The whole of commerce activity has emerged from barter system into a multi – dimensional and multifaceted scientific system consisting of courses like Monetary system, Mail order business, Hire purchase system, Instalment purchase system and so on.

Question 2.
What is the course of commerce activities in today’s technology driven society?
Answer:
In a technology driven society today again the course of commerce activities is heading for a cashless system through e-commerce which means business activities enabled through electronic modes like Online trading, Mobile banking and e – marketing.

Question 3.
What were the constraints in barter system? (Any three)
Answer:
1. Lack of Double Coincidence of Wants:
Unless two persons who have surplus have the demand for the goods possessed by each other, barter could not materialize. If this “coincidence of wants” does not exist, barter cannot take place.

2. Non – existence of Common Measure of Value:
Barter system could not determine the value of commodities to be exchanged as they lacked commonly acceptable measures to evaluate each and every commodity.

3. Lack of Direct Contact between Producer and Consumers:
It was not possible for buyers and sellers to meet face to face in many contexts for exchanging the commodities for commodities.

Question 4.
Write any three hindrances of commerce.
Answer:
1. Hindrance of Person: Manufacturers do not know the place and face of the consumers. The chain of middlemen consisting of wholesalers, agents and retailers establish the link between the producers and consumers.

2. Hindrance of Place: Production takes place in one centre and consumers are spread throughout the country and world. Rail, air, sea and land transports bring the products to the place of consumer.

3. Hindrance of Time: Consumers want products whenever they have money, time and willingness to buy. Goods are produced in anticipation of such demands.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
How did the ancient Tamil country trade with Rome, China and Europe?
Answer:
Roman and Greek traders frequented the ancient Tamil country and forged trade relationship with ancient Kings of Pandiya, Chola and Chera dynasties. Cholas had a strong trading relationship with Chinese Song Dynasty. The Cholas conquered the Sri Vijaya Empire of Indonesia and Malaysia to secure a sea trading route to China. During the 16^th and 18^th centuries, India’s overseas trade expanded due to trading with European companies. The discovery of new all sea routes from Europe to India via Cape of Good Hope by Vasco da Gama had far-reaching impact on the civilized world. The arrival of Portuguese in India was followed by the advent of other European communities. They gained a strong foothold in India’s maritime trade by virtue’ of their strong naval power.

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You can Download A Birthday Letter Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf Prose Chapter 7 help you to revise complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Prose Chapter 7 A Birthday Letter

A Birthday Letter Warm Up:

A Birthday Letter Summary Question 1.
Have you ever received a personal letter from your friends or relatives?
Answer:
Yes.

A Birthday Letter By Jawaharlal Nehru Summary Question 2.
If yes, from whom and about what?
Answer:
I have received letters from my brother who stays in Coimbatore, enquiring about my health and well-being and also about how I spent my summer vacation.

A Birthday Letter Question And Answer Question 3.
Have you ever written a personal letter to anyone?
Answer:
Yes, I have.

A Birthday Letter By Jawaharlal Nehru Question Answer Question 4.
If yes, to whom and about what?
Answer:
I have written letters to my cousin who stays in Kerala, enquiring about how she did in her annual examinations.

A Birthday Letter Intext Questions

A Birthday Letter 9th Std Question 1.
From which prison did Nehru write this letter?
Answer:
Nehru wrote the letter from Central Prison, Naini, in Uttar Pradesh.

A Birthday Letter By Jawaharlal Nehru Question 2.
Did Nehru send any presents to Indira?
Answer:
No, he did not send any solid material presents.

A Birthday Letter Book Back Answers Question 3.
Which historical character inspired young Indira?
Answer:
The historical character which inspired young Indira was Joan of Arc.

A Birthday Letter Jawaharlal Nehru Explanation Question 4.
What helps the ordinary men and women to become heroes?
Answer:
History helps the ordinary men and women to become heroes.

Birthday Letter Summary Question 5.
Who is addressed as ‘Bapuji’?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhiji is addressed as Bapuji.

A Birthday Letter Questions Answers Question 6.
What should the soldiers of India respect?
Answer:
The soldiers of India should respect India’s honour.

A Birthday Letter Textual Questions

A. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

9th English A Birthday Letter Question 1.
Why could not Nehru send any presents to Indira?
Answer:
Nehru could not send any presents to Indira because he was in prison.

A Birthday Letter Lesson Plan Question 2.
What cannot be stopped even by the high walls of prisons?
Answer:
Mind and spirit cannot be stopped even by the high walls of prisons.

A Birthday Letter By Jawaharlal Nehru In Tamil Question 3.
Why did Nehru dislike sermonizing?
Answer:
Nehru has always thought that the best way to find what is right is not by giving a sermon but by talking and discussing.

Birthday Letter Jawaharlal Nehru Question 4.
What does history tell us?
Answer:
History tells us the life of nations, of great men and women.

A Birthday Letter By Jawaharlal Nehru In English Question 5.
What do ordinary men and women usually think of?
Answer:
Ordinary men and women are not usually heroic. They think of their bread and butter, of their children, of their household worries and the like.

Question 6.
When do ordinary men and women become heroes?
Answer:
A time comes when a whole people become interested in a great cause. Then history helps even simple, ordinary men and women to become heroes.

Question 7.
What does the phrase ‘great drama’ refer to?
Answer:
The great drama refers to India’s freedom movements.

Question 8.
Why are the freedom fighters under Gandhi not afraid of anything?
Answer:
The freedom fighters under Gandhi are not afraid of anything as there is no room for secrecy or hiding.

Additional Questions

Question 1.
Mention the topics that Nehru wrote about in his letters to Indira?
Answer:
In his letters to Indira, Nehru wrote about languages, trade, history, geography, science, epics and evolution.

Question 2.
What impact did the letters have on Indira?
Answer:
The letters written to the teenager contained Nehru’s understanding of the world which he wanted to impart to his daughter Indira. It is no wonder that such letters made her the strong personality our previous generation saw in her.

Question 3.
What did the great leaders in India do to the deprived?
Answer:
The great leaders helped to free those who were starving, those in poverty and the oppressed and make them happy.

Question 4.
What do you know of the great Freedom movement.
Answer:
The great Freedom Movement was under Bapuji’s leadership. There was no room for secrecy or hiding under his rule. They did not do anything in secret and hence they were undaunted in their spirit. They worked in the light and under the sun.

B. Answer the following in about 80-100 words each.

Question 1.
Explain the important elements of Nehru’s letter.
Answer:
Pandit Nehru was imprisoned in Naini jail. As he was not able to send a gift to Indira on her birthday, he sends her a letter. Though presents are appreciated, letters can equally be cherished as gifts. Nehru did not like to sermonize or give advice. We have learnt that it is important to do things without fear. We should recognize right from wrong. While facing problems, we can resolve them by discussing them with near and dear ones.

The value of the contribution of our leaders to fight for freedom and the value of qualities exhibited by these leaders. The two factors that make ordinary men heroes are, (i) full faith in a great cause and (ii) love and respect for the nation. Mahatma Gandhi inspired millions of people to fight for freedom. Nehru wants Indira to develop qualities like respect for her country’s honour, trust, patriotism, etc.

Question 2.
Imagine yourself as Indira and write a reply letter to your father, Nehru for the letter your received on your birthday.
Answer:

Mussoorie,
October 31, 1930.

My dear Papa,

Thank you so much for your wonderful birthday gift – a letter – a true gift though not solid or material. Your heartfelt wishes and your words mean a lot to me. Your mind and spirit guide me from wherever you are. Your letter isn’t an advice or a sermon, the words are powerful enough to trigger the potential within me to fight for our nation. I understand that Bapuji focuses on truth, courage, fearlessness, openness, hard work, peace, straight-forwardness and non-violence. I shall follow your words and grow up into a brave soldier in India’s service.

With all my love and good wishes,

Your loving daughter,
Indira.

Vocabulary:

C. Match the words with correct Synonym and Antonym from the table.

Answer:

D. Identify, whether the following statements are of OPINION or FACT.

Question 1.
On your birthday, you have been in the habit of receiving presents and good wishes. (Opinion / Fact)
Answer:
Fact

Question 2.
I have liked my talks with you. (Opinion / Fact)
Answer:
Opinion

Question 3.
The best way to find what is wrong and right is by discussing. (Opinion / Fact)
Answer:
Fact

Question 4.
A letter can hardly take the place of a talk. (Opinion / Fact)
Answer:
Opinion

Question 5.
For the desire to hide anything means that you are afraid. (Opinion / Fact)
Answer:
Fact

Listening:

E. “listen to the dialogue and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Aadhav and Raghav are ________.
(a) brothers
(b) friends
(c) colleagues
(d) classmates
Answer:
(a) brothers

Question 2.
The brothers are planning to celebrate their ________wedding anniversary.
(a) uncle’s
(b) parents’
(c) grandparents’
(d) sister’s
Answer:
(b) parents

Question 3.
The wedding anniversary is on ________.
(a) March 2nd
(b) April 2nd
(c) May 2nd
(d) June 2nd
Answer:
(b) April 2nd

Question 4.
As part of the celebration, the brothers have planned to make their parents to ________.
(a) visit an orphanage
(b) donate some money
(c) plant a mango sapling
(d) conduct a game
Answer:
(c) plant a mango sapling

Question 5.
State whether the statement is true or false.
The brothers have decided to borrow money for the wedding anniversary celebration.
Answer:
False

Reading:

F. Answer the following questions based on the given reading passage.

Question 1.
What is the name of her diary?
Answer:
Kitty is the name of her diary.

Question 2.
Why did Anne want to exchange the book ‘Camera Obscura’?
Answer:
Anne’s sister Margot already has it. So, Anne wanted to exchange it.

Question 3.
Who baked the homemade cookies?
Answer:
Anne baked the homemade cookies.

Question 4.
What game did Anne choose to play?
Answer:
Anne chose to play the volleyball.

Question 5.
Which gift did Anne value the most?
Answer:
Anne valued the diary the most.

Speaking:

G. Imagine you are going to celebrate your forthcoming birthday at an orphanage/ bid-age home.
Deliver a short speech about your birthday celebration by using the following hints.

• The reasons for choosing an orphanage / old-age home.
• The people who accompany you.
• The food which you are going to offer them.
• The useful gifts / articles which you are going to give them.
• Other events like cake cutting, conducting games etc.

Answer:
Good morning everybody. I am going to speak about my birthday celebration this year. On my birthday, we decided to celebrate it in a different way, a day to remember. So we went to Mother Teresa Ashram in T.Nagar, Chennai.

First my younger sister and I played with the children there. We distributed them ” games materials like bat, ball, chocolates, etc. My parents decorated the hall with balloons and flowers. Then we celebrated the birthday cutting a cake. The mother and other sisters of the orphanage gave me blessings. The children presented me flowers to show their love.

Then, we had our lunch with them. We enjoyed there the whole day. It is our duty to help them. After coming back home, I felt a little sad on the plight of the people there. But I decided to go there and celebrate every year.

Thank you.

Writing:

H. Write a meaningful paragraph using the hints given below.

Mahesh – celebrates – 14th birthday – an old-age home – family, friends – informs home in advance – delegates tasks – friends buy things necessary – arrives home early – decorates place – balloons, colour papers – inmates gathered – cuts cake – sing song, claps – distributes cakes – expresses his feelings – gets blessings – offers things – bedsheets, footwear etc. needed – fun, entertainment – happy and content.
Answer:
Mahesh celebrated his 14th birthday at an old age home with his family and friends. His parents had informed the home in advance to delegate tasks. His friends bought all the necessary things for the inmates of the old age home. His friends arrived the home early, decorated the place with balloons and colour papers. The inmates gathered at the hall and Mahesh cut a cake. Everybody sang the birthday song and clapped happily. Mahesh distributed cakes to all. He expressed his feelings and got their blessings. He offered them things like bed sheets, footwear, etc. There was a lot of fun and entertainment programmes. He was very happy and contented.

Grammar:

A. Choose the Correct Determiner

Question 1.
Could you bring me_______tools I left in the garden? (this, those, these)
Answer:
Those

Question 2.
________Earth revolves around the sun. (the, a, an)
Answer:
The

Question 3.
I found ________one rupee coin in the playground while playing, (a, an, the)
Answer:
a

Question 4.
There aren’t ________students in the library, (much, many, a lot)
Answer:
many

Question 5.
It was ________unforgettable experience, (a, an, the)
Answer:
an

Question 6.
I haven’t got ________pictures in my bedroom, (some, any, many)
Answer:
any

Question 7.
He said that he wanted to become ________engineer, (a, an, the)
Answer:
an

Question 8.
Kokila gave a pen to ________ child in the classroom on her birthday, (any, all, each)
Answer:
each

Question 9.
I’ve got to solve math problems before I go to sleep, (all, some, any)
Answer:
some

Question 10.
India is largest democracy in the world, (a, an, the)
Answer:
the

Question 11.
My father doesn’t drink coffee, (much, many, a lot)
Answer:
much

Question 12.
I always keep ________ money in my wallet for emergencies, (any, every, some)
Answer:
some

Question 13.
This year we are celebrating my sister’s ________birthday, (a, two, second)
Answer:
second

Question 14.
I have ________ pencils with me. (a, three, third)
Answer:
three

Question 15.
‘What is that noise?’ I think it is ________ airplane, (a, an, the)
Answer:
an

B. Observe the following call-outs. Reporter (C) has reported the sentences of Speaker (A). Now, help Reporter (C) report the rest of the sentences of Speaker (A).

Answers:

1. He said that he won’t go to the party.
2. She asked when did you come?
3. She warned you not to touch the wire.
4. I’ll bring some coffee.
5. He said that he would bring some coffee for you.
6. Please sit down.
7. He requested you to sit down

C. Report the following sentences.

Question 1.
Banu said, “Do not spoil the eco-system.”
Answer:
Banu advised not to spoil the ecosystem.

Question 2.
Pranav said, “Have you booked the tickets to Delhi?”
Answer:
Pranav asked whether I had booked the tickets to Delhi.

Question 3.
Rekha said to Tilak, “When are we leaving to our native?”
Answer:
Rekha asked Tilak when they were leaving to their native.

Question 4.
Sujith said, “Ryan, you should get up early in the morning.”
Answer:
Sujith advised Ryan that he should get up early in the morning.

Question 5.
Vivaan said to his mother, “Can you, please, buy me a hot-chocolate?”
Answer:
Vivaan requested his mother to buy him a hot-chocolate.

Question 6.
“Tomorrow I have to take a test in English”, said Sudan
Answer:
Sudar said that he had to take a test in English the next day.

Question 7.
Pragathi said to her sister, “I need your help to arrange the books in the shelf.”
Answer:
Pragathi asked her sister’s help to arrange the books in the shelf.

Question 8.
“Why don’t you use crayons for colouring?” said Dhilip to his son.
Answer:
Dhilip suggested his son to use crayons for colouring.

D. Write a Diary entry each day for a month and compile them into a book. You may also name your diary as Anne Frank did.

1st February, 2018

Dear Kibu,
Being the first day of the month, I went to the temple before going to school. I asked God to be with me, guide and lead me this month.
I cannot forget the morning assembly. It was about Mother Theresa. The theme was Help the Needy. Time is fleeting. I must focus in my studies and get good marks. I must aim to be a doctor and help the needy.

2nd February, 2018

Dear Kibu,
Today I had the opportunity to go by the metro with my mom. The station was spic and span. There weren’t many commuters. Most of them were decent and disciplined. I could not find anyone littering the area. There was orderliness while buying the tickets. The announcements were meticulous. The doors opened and shut automatically. We realized that the mobile phones weren’t working inside the station. What amazed me was the time taken to travel even long distances! I doubt anyone would commute to far off places by buses when metros take us at short time.

3rd February, 2018

Dear Kibu,
My exam, starts tomorrow and I’m slightly scared. Tomorrow is my first exam. French isn’t tough for me. However, I’m so anxious these dayscause I want to get the first mark. Until my Math exam is over, I won’t be able to breathe properly. I have always had a very sound sleep and now I’m sleepless! I am sure I can overcome the stress and do pretty well with systematic studies, meticulous revision and God’s help.

A Birthday Letter by Jawaharlal Nehru About the Author:

Jawaharlal Nehru (14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first Prime Minister. He emerged as an eminent leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi. He served India as Prime Minister from 1947 until his death in 1964. He is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state: a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. His birthday is celebrated as Children’s Day.

He was a prolific writer in English and wrote a number of books, such as The Discovery of India, Glimpses of World History, and his autobiography, Toward Freedom. In 1955, Nehru was awarded Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour by the President Rajendra Prasad.

A Birthday Letter Summary:

The letters written by Nehru from the various prisons in British India to his daughter Indira, were published in 1942 as a book called “Glimpses of World History”. It is a collection of 196 letters on World History. This extract is about a letter written by Jawaharlal Nehru to his daughter Indira, when he was in the Central Prison at Naini. As he was not able to send a gift to Indira on her birthday, he writes to her. Though presents are appreciated, letters can equally be cherished as gifts. Nehru disliked giving sermons or advices because he believed that only by talking and discussing, sometimes a little bit of truth comes out.

The two factors that make ordinary men heroes are full faith in a great cause and love and respect for the nation. Mahatma Gandhi inspired millions of people to fight for freedom. He has helped to make the starving, the poor and the oppressed free and happy. If we are to be India’s soldiers, we have to respect India’s honour which is a sacred trust. He advises Indira not to do anything in secret or wish to hide anything. She should always stand bold and be brave always. Only then, she will grow up to be a child of the light, unafraid, calm and peaceful. He concludes finally by wishing her to grow up into a brave soldier in India’s service.

A Birthday Letter Glossary:

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Solutions Term 2 Chapter 3 Changes Around Us

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Changes Around Us Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the appropriate answer:

Define A Slow Change Answer Question 1.
When Ice melts to form water, change occurs In its
(a) position
(b) colour
(c) state
(d) composition
Answer:
(c) state

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Term 2 Question 2.
Formation of curd from milk is
(a) a reversible change
(b) a fast change
(c) an irreversible change
(d) an undesirable change
Answer:
(c) an irreversible change

Changes Around Us Question 3.
Formation of curd from milk Is
(a) a reversible change
(b) a fast change
(c) an irreversible change
(d) an undesirable change
Answer:
(c) an irreversible change

Changes Around Us Class 6 Worksheet Pdf Question 4.
Out of the following an example of a desirable change is
(a) rusting
(b) change of seasons
(c) earthquake
(d) flooding
Answer:
(b) change the seasons

Changes Around Us Meaning In Tamil Question 5.
Air pollution leading to Acid rain Is a
(a) reversible change
(b) fast change
(c) natural change
(d) human-made change
Answer:
(d) human-made change

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Magnet attracts iron needle. This is ______ change (a reversible/anirreversible)
2. Boiling of egg results in _______ change, (a reversible / an irreversible)
3. Changes that are harmful to us are _______ (desirable / undesirable)
4. Plants convert Carbon-di-oxide and water into starch. This is an example of _______ change, (natural / human made).
5. Bursting of fire crackers is a _______ change whereas germination of seeds is a _______ change, (slow / fast)

Answers:

1. reversible
2. an irreversible
3. undesirable
4. natural
5. fast, slow

III. True or False. If False, give the correct statement:

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 6th Science Term 2 Question 1.
Growing of teeth in an infant is slow change.
Answer:
True

Changes Around Us Questions And Answers Question 2.
Burning of match stick is a reversible change.
Answer:
False, Burning of match stick is an irreversible change.

Define Sublimation Samacheer Kalvi Question 3.
Change of New moon to Full moon is human made.
Answer:
False, Change of new moon to full moon is natural change.

Question 4.
Digestion of food is a physical change.
Answer:
False, Digestion of food is a chemical change.

Question 5.
In a solution of salt in water, water is the solute.
Answer:
False, In a solution of salt in water, water is the solvent

IV. Analogy:

Question 1.
Curdling of milk : irreversible change :: Formation of clouds : ________ change.
Answer:
reversible

Question 2.
Photosynthesis : ________ change :: burning of coal: Human – made change.
Answer:
natural

Question 3.
Dissolving of glucose: reversible change:: Digestion of food: ________ change
Answer:
irreversible

Question 4.
Cooking of food : desirable change :: decaying of food : ________ change
Answer:
undesirable

Question 5.
Burning of matchstick : ________ change: Rotation of the Earth : Slow change
Answer:
Fast

V. Circle the odd one out. Give reason for your choice:

Question 1.
Growth of a child, Blinking of eye, Rusting, Germination of a seed.
Answer:
Rusting
Reason: Rusting is undesirable change. Others three are desirable changes.

Question 2.
Glowing of a bulb, lighting of a Candle, breaking of a coffee mug, curdling of milk.
Answer:
breaking of a coffee mug.
Reason : Breaking of a coffee mug is undesirable change. Other three are desirable changes.

Question 3.
Rotting of an egg, condensation of water vapour, trimming of hair, Ripening of fruit.
Answer:
Rotting of an egg.
Reason : Rotting of an egg is undesirable change. Other three are desirable changes.

Question 4.
Inflating a balloon, popping a balloon, fading of wall paint, burning of kerosene.
Answer:
Inflating a balloon.
Reason : Inflating a balloon is reversible change. Other three are irreversible changes.

VI. Give very short answer:

Question 1.
What kind of a change is associated with decaying of a plants?
Answer:
Decaying of plants is associated with slow change and chemical change.

Question 2.
You are given some candle wax. Can you make a candle doll from it? What kind of change is this?
Answer:
Yes, I can. It is a physical (reversible) change.

Question 3.
Define a slow change.
Answer:
Changes which take place over a long period of time (hours/days/months/years) are known as slow changes.

Question 4.
What happens when cane sugar is strongly heated? Mention any two changes in it.
Answer:

1. Sugar is basically Sucrose.
2. The molecular formula of Sugar is C₁₂ H₂₂O₁₁ (or) C₁₂(H₂O)₁₁.
3. When sugar is heated, it loses all water molecules and decomposes to carbon.
4. Chemical change;
5. Irreversible change

Question 5.
What is a solution?
Answer:
When a solute is dissolved in a solvent, it forms a solution.
Solute + solvent → solution.

VII. Give short answer:

Question 1.
What happens when paper is burnt? Explain.
Answer:
Burning of paper takes place within a short period of time (seconds or minutes) So, it is a fast change.

Question 2.
Can deforestation be considered a desirable change? Explain.
Answer:
No, it is an undesirable change, and it is a human made change. Deforestation leads to decreasing rainfall, and leads to global warming.

Question 3.
What type of changes is associated with germination of a seed? Explain
Answer:

1. Germination of seed is a slow change.
2. Changes which take place over a long period of time (days) are known as Slow changes.

VIII. Answer In detail:

Question 1.
Give one example in each case that happens around you.
a. Slow and fast change
b. Reversible and irreversible change
c. Physical and chemical change
d. Natural and man-made change
e. Desirable and undesirable change
Answer:

S.No.	Changes	Examples
a.	Slow change	growth of nail and hair
	Fast change	burning of a paper
b.	Reversible change	melting of ice
	Irreversible change	change of milk into curd.
c.	Physical change	drying of cloth
	Chemical change	rusting of iron
d.	Natural change	rotation of earth
	Man-made change	construction of building
e.	Desirable change	cooking of food
	Undesirable change	deforestation.

IX. Questions Based on Higher Order Thinking Skills.

Question 1.
When a candle is lit the following changes are observed.
a. Wax melts.
b. Candle keeps burning
c. The size of the candle decreases.
d. The molten wax solidifies
e. Which of the changes can be reversed? Justify your answer.
Answer:
a. Wax melting is a reversible change.
d. “The molten wax solidifies” is a reversible change.

These two changes can be reversible to get back the original state. So the above two changes are reversible changes.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Changes Intext Activities

Fill in the gaps:
Answer:

Initial stage	Changing stage
Seed	Sapling
Day	Night
Rock	Soil
raw fruit	ripe fruit

Activity 1

Question 1.
What happens when you blow air into a balloon?

Is there change in size? [ ] Yes [ ] No
Answer:
[✓] Yes

Is there change in shape? [ ] Yes [ ] No
Answer:
[✓] Yes

Is there any other change? [ ] Yes [ ] No
Answer:
[✓] No

Activity 2

Question 1.
Look at the pictures and discuss about the duration for the changes to take place.

Answer:

1. Child growing – Slow change
2. Rusting of iron – Slow change
3. Bulb glowing – Fast change
4. Bursting of fire crackers – Fast change

Activity 3

Question 1.
Try to make a boat and an aeroplane one by one using the same piece of paper. This means the change of shape discussed here is reversible.

Answer:
The change is reversible, because we make boat and aeroplane in the same piece of paper.
Activity to be done by the students themselves

Activity 4

Question 1.
What kind of changes are they?
(a) Burning of a candle.
(b) Piercing a balloon with a pin.

Answer:
(a) Reversible change
(b) Irreversible change.

Activity 5

Question 1.
Take an apple and cut it into two halves. Cut one half into pieces and share it with your friends.

Is there any change in the composition of the Apple while cutting?
No, only the shape and size have changed. This can be called a
Physical change.
Leave the other half on the table for some time. You can see brown patches formed on the cut surface because of the reaction between some substances in the apple and the air around it. This is a Chemical change.
Answer:
Activity to be done by the students themselves

Activity 6

Take half a cup of water, add one spoon full of sugar and stir well.

(a) What do you observe?
(b) What happened to the sugar?
(c) Where is it gone?
(d) The solute in the above solution is __________
(e) The solvent in the above solution is __________
(f) Have you seen a glass of water and a glass of sugar solution looking alike?
Answer:
(a) I observe sugar solution is there.
(b) The sugar is dissolved in the water.
(c) The sugar particle is mixed with water molecules.
(d) The solute is sugar.
(e) The solvent is water
(f) Yes.

Activity 7

Question 1.
Look at the pictures and write whether they are Physical or Chemical changes.

Answer:
i. Chemical change
ii. Physical change
iii. Physical change
iv. Chemical change

Activity 8

Question 1.
Look at the pictures and write whether they are desirable or undesirable changes.

Answer:
i. forest fire – undesirable change
ii. decaying of fruit – undesirable change
iii. egg to chicken – desirable change
iv. wind mills – desirable change

Activity 9

Question 1.
Identify the type of changes.
Natural / Human made

Answer:
i. Floods – Natural change
ii. Carpentry – Human made change
iii. Planting of seedlings – Human made change
iv. Land slides – Natural change

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Changes Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Growth of seed into sapling is _______ change
(a) slow
(b) chemical
(c) reversible
(d) undesirable
Answer:
(a) slow

Question 2.
The softening of vegetables by cooking is a (an)
(a) Fast change
(b) Chemical change
(c) Artificial change
(d) Reversible change
Answer:
(c) Artificial change

Question 3.
Which of the following is not a man-made change?
(a) Burning of fuels
(b) Drying of clothes
(c) Tearing of paper
(d) Change of day and nigh
Answer:
(d) Change of day and night

Question 4.
Sublimation of Iodine is a
(a) Chemical change
(b) Physical change
(c) Natural change
(d) Undesirable change
Answer:
(b) physical change

Question 5.
Raining is a _______ change
(a) human made
(b) undesirable
(c) slow
(d) natural
Answer:
(d) natural

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. _______ changes which take place within a short period of time. (Fast/Slow)
2. When ‘Touch me not’ plant is touched by us, _______ changes occur. (reversible/irreversible)
3. Tearing of sheet of paper into pieces is _______ By the process of Heating of water, change. (physical / chemical).
4. By the process of Heating of water, _______ is obtained (ice/steam)
5. _______ is the substance that is dissolved in a solvent. (Solute/Solvent)
6. The changes in which new substance with new chemical properties are formed are _______ changes. (physical / chemical).
7. Deforestation is _______ change. (Natural/human made)

Answers:

1. Fast
2. reversible
3. physicall
4. steam
5. Solutel
6. chemical
7. human made

III. Find whether the following sentences are true or false. If false Correct the statement:

Question 1.
The difference between initial state and the final state is called change.
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
Gas exists in three states as solid, liquid and gas.
Answer:
False. Water exists in three states as solid, liquid, gas.

Question 3.
Water into steam on heating is called freezing.
Answer:
False. Water into steam on heating is called vaporisation.

Question 4.
When solute is dissolved in a solvent it forms a solution.
Answer:
True.

Question 5.
Chemical change is a temporary change .
Answer:
False. Chemical change is a permanent change, (or) Physical change is a temporary change.

Question 6.
Natural changes which take place in nature on their own, are beyond the control of human being.
Answer:
True.

Question 7.
Construction of building is a Natural change.
Answer:
False. Construction of building is a human made change.

IV. Analogy:

Question 1.
Germination of seed : slow change.
Breaking of glass : _______
Answer:
Fast change

Question 2.
Irreversible change : Making idly front batter.
Reversible change: _______
Answer:
Stretching of Rubber band

Question 3.
Melting of ice : Physical change.
Popping of popcorn : _______
Answer:
Chemical change

Question 4.
Melting : ice into water on heating,
freezing: _______
Answer:
water into ice on cooling.

Question 5.
Changing of phases of the moon : Natural changes.
Cultivation of paddy : _______
Answer:
Human made change.

V. Match the following:

i. Lighting	(a)	Physical change
ii. Touch me not plant leaves showing	(b)	camphor
iii. Sugar dissolving	(c)	Water
iv. Sublimation	(d)	Reversible change
v. Universal solvent	(e)	Fast change

Answer:
i. – e
ii. – d
iii – a
iv. – b
v. – c

VI. Give short answer:

Question 1.
Mention any three examples of fast change?
Answer:

1. Bursting of balloon
2. Breaking of glass
3. Burning of paper

Question 2.
What is reversible change? Give example.
Answer:
Changes which can be reversed, to get back the original state, are known as reversible
changes. Eg.: Melting of ice, stretching of rubber band.

Question 3.
Give some examples for physical change.
Answer:

1. Melting of ice
2. The solution of salt (or) sugar
3. Stretching of rubber band

Question 4.
Whatjs freezing? Give example.
Answer:
The conversion of liquid into solid by cooling is called freezing. Ex. Water into ice cubes.

Question 5.
Define sublimation.
Answer:
The change of state from solid to gas directly is called sublimation.

Question 6.
Water is known as universal solvent. Why?
Answer:
Water dissolves a wide range of substances. So it is called as universal solvent.

Question 7.
What is the meaning of natural changes? Give example.
Answer:
Changes which take place in nature on their own and are beyond the control of human beings are known as natural changes. Ex.: Rotation of earth, Raining.

Question 8.
What is artificial changes? Give example.
Answer:
The changes which are brought about by human beings are known as human made or artificial changes. Ex.: Construction of bridges, Road construction, Cooking.

VII. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
Tabulate the difference between physical and chemical changes.
Answer:

S.No.	Physical Changes	Chemical Examples
1.	No new substance formed	New substance formed
2.	No change in the chemical composition	There is change in the chemical composition.
3.	It is a temporary change.	It is a permanent change
4.	It is reversible	It is irreversible.
5.	Ex.: Melting of ice, dissolving of salt, Tearing of paper.	Ex.: Rusting of iron, Burning of wood, Paper.

 

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Solutions Chapter 4 Goodwill in Partnership Accounts

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Goodwill in Partnership Accounts Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

12th Accountancy 4th Chapter Solutions Question 1.
Which of the following statements is true?
(a) Goodwill is an intangible asset
(b) Goodwill is a current asset
(c) Goodwill is a fictitious asset
(d) Goodwill
Answer:
(a) Goodwill is an intangible asset

12th Accountancy Chapter 4 Question 2.
Super profit is the difference between ………………..
(a) Capital employed and average profit
(b) Assets and liabilities
(c) Average profit and normal profit
(d) Current year’s profit and average profit
Answer:
(c) Average profit and normal profit

12th Accountancy 4th Chapter Question 3.
The average rate of return of similar concerns is considered as ………………..
(a) Average profit
(b) Normal rate of return
(c) Expected rate of return
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Normal rate of return

Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 4 Solutions Question 4.
Which of the following is true?
(a) Super profit = Total profit / number of years
(b) Super profit = Weighted profit / number of years
(c) Super profit = Average profit – Normal profit
(d) Super profit = Average profit x Years of purchase
Answer:
(c) Super profit = Average profit – Normal profit

Chapter 4 Accountancy Class 12 Solutions Question 5.
Identify the incorrect pair ………………..
(a) Goodwill under Average profit method – Average profit x Number of years of purchase
(b) Goodwill under Super profit method – Super profit x Number of years of purchase
(c) Goodwill under Annuity method – Average profit x Present value of annuity factor
(d) Goodwill under Weighted average profit method – Weighted average profit x Number of years of purchase
Answer:
(c) Goodwill under Annuity method – Average profit x Present value of annuity factor

Class 12th Accounts Chapter 4 Solutions Question 6.
When the average profit is ₹ 25,000 and the normal profit is ₹ 15,000, super profit is ………………..
(a) ₹ 25,000
(b) ₹ 5,000
(c) ₹ 10,000
(d) ₹ 15,000
Answer:
(c) ₹ 10,000

Accountancy Class 12 Chapter 4 Solutions Question 7.
Book profit of 2017 is ₹ 35,000; non – recurring income included in the profit is ₹ 1,000 and abnormal loss charged in the year 2017 was ₹ 2,000, then the adjusted profit is ………………..
(a) ₹ 36,000
(b) ₹ 35,000
(c) ₹ 38,000
(d) ₹ 34,000
Answer:
(a) ₹ 36,000

Accountancy 4th Chapter Question 8.
The total capitalised value of a business is ₹ 1,00,000; assets are ₹ 1,50,000 and liabilities are ₹ 80,000. The value of goodwill as per the capitalisation method will be ………………..
(a) ₹ 40,000
(b) ₹ 70,000
(c) ₹ 1,00,000
(d) ₹ 30,000
Answer:
(d) ₹ 30,000

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Accountancy Chapter 4 Class 12 Question 1.
What is goodwill?
Answer:
Goodwill is the good name or reputation of the business which brings benefit to the business. It enables the business to earn more profit. It is the present value of a firm’s future excess earnings.

Accountancy Chapter 4 Question 2.
What is acquired goodwill?
Answer:
Goodwill acquired by making payment in cash or kind is called acquired or purchased goodwill. When a firm purchases an existing business, the price paid for purchase of such business may exceed the net assets (Assets – Liabilities) of the business acquired.

Chapter 4 Accounts Class 12 Question 3.
What is super profit?
Answer:
Super profit is the excess of average profit over the normal profit of a business.
Super profit = Average profit – Normal profit.
Average profit is calculated by dividing the total of adjusted actual profit of certain number of years by the total number of such years. Normal profit is the profit earned by the similar business firms under normal conditions.
Normal profit = Capital employed x Normal rate of return Capital employed = Fixed assets + Current assets – Current liabilities

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 12th Accountancy Question 4.
What is normal rate of return?
Answer:
It is the rate at which profit is earned by similar business entities in the industry under normal circumstances.

Question 5.
State any two circumstances under which goodwill of a partnership firm is valued?
Answer:

1. When there is a change in the profit sharing ratio.
2. When a new partner is admitted into a firm.
3. When an existing partner retires from the firm or when a partner dies.
4. When a partnership firm is dissolved.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
State any six factors determining goodwill.
Answer:

1. Profitability of the firm.
2. Favourable location of the business enterprise.
3. Good quality of goods or services offered.
4. Tenure of the business enterprise.
5. Efficiency of management.
6. Degree of competition.
7. Other factors.

Question 2.
How is goodwill calculated under the super profits method?
Answer:
1. Purchase of super profit method: Goodwill is calculated by multiplying the super profit by a certain number of years of purchase.
Goodwill = super profit x No. of years of purchase

2. Annuity method: Value of goodwill is calculated by multiplying the super profit with the present value of annuity.
Goodwill = Super profit x Present value annuity factor

3. Capitalisation of super profit method: Goodwill = x 100

Question 3.
How is the value of goodwill calculated under the capitalisation method?
Answer:
Capitalisation method:
Under Capitalisation method, goodwill is the excess of capitalised value of average profit of the business over the actual capital employed in the business.
Goodwill = Total capitalised value of the business – Actual capital employed
The total capitalised value of the business is calculated by capitalising the average profits on the basis of the normal rate of return.
Capitalised value of the business = x 100
Actual capital employed = Fixed assets (excluding goodwill) + Current assets – Current liabilities

Question 4.
Compute average profit from the following information.
Answer:
Calculation of Average profit:
2016 – ₹ 8,000; 2017 – ₹ 10,000; 2018 – ₹ 9,000

Valuation of goodwill = ₹ 9,000

Question 5.
Calculate the value of goodwill at 2 years purchase of average profit when average profit is ₹ 15,000.
Answer:
Goodwill: ₹ 30,000

IV. Exercises

Simple average profit method:
Question 1.
The following are the profits of a firm in the last five years:

Answer:

Valuation of goodwill = Average profit x No. of years purchase
= ₹ 12,000 x 2 years
= ₹ 24,000

Question 2.
From the following information, calculate the value of goodwill on the basis of 3 years purchase of average profits of last four years.

Answer:
Calculation of goodwill:

Valuation of goodwill = Average profit x No. of years purchase = ₹ 4,000 x 3
= ₹ 12,000

Question 3.
From the following information relating to a partnership firm, find out the value of its goodwill based on 3 years purchase of average profits of the last 4 years:

1. Profits of the years 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 are ₹ 10, 000, ₹ 12, 500, ₹ 12, 000 and ₹ 11, 500, respectively.
2. The business was looked after by a partner and his fair remuneration amounts to ₹ 1, 500 per year. This amount was not considered in the calculation of the above profits.

Answer:
Valuation of goodwill
Calculation of average profit Year Profit

(-) Remuneration = ₹ 1,500
Net average profit = ₹ 10,000
Valuation of goodwill = Average profit x No. of years purchase
= ₹ 10,000 x 3
= ₹ 30,000

Question 4.
From the following information relating to Sridevi enterprises, calculate the value of goodwill on the basis of 4 years purchase of the average profits of 3 years.

1. Profits for the years ending 31^st December 2016, 2017 and 2018 were ₹ 1,75,000, ₹ 1,50,000 and ₹ 2,00,000, respectively.
2. A non – recurring income of ₹ 45,000 is included in the profits of the year 2016.
3. The closing stock of the year 2017 was overvalued by ₹ 30,000.

Answer:
Calculation of adjusted profit

Average profit = <
Average profit = \(\frac { 4, 80, 000 }{ 3 }\) = ₹ 1,60,000
Goodwill = Average profit x No. of year purchase = ₹ 1,60,000 x 4
= ₹ 64,00,000

Question 5.
The following particulars are available in respect of the business carried on by a partnership firm:

1. Profits earned: 2016: ₹ 25,000; 2017: ₹ 23,000 and 2018: ₹ 26,000.
2. Profit of 2016 includes a non – recurring income of ₹ 2,500.
3. Profit of 2017 is reduced by ₹ 3,500 due to stock destroyed by fire.
4. The stock was not insured. But, it is decided to insure the stock in future. The insurance premium is estimated to be ₹ 250 per annum.

You are required to calculate the value of goodwill of the firm on the basis of 2 years purchase of average profits of the last three years.
Answer:
Calculation of adjusted profit

Total profit = 22,250 + 26, 250 + 25, 750 = ₹ 74, 250

Valuation of goodwill = Average profit x No.of year purchase
= ₹ 24, 750 x 2 years = ₹ 49, 500

Weighted average profit method:
Question 6.
Find out the value of goodwill at three years purchase of weighted average profit of last four years.

Answer:
Calculation of weighted average profit

Goodwill = Weighted average profit x No. of years purchase
= ₹ 15,400 x 3 = ₹ 46,200

Purchase of super profit method:
Question 7.
From the following details, calculate the value of goodwill at 2 years purchase of super profit:

1. Total assets of a firm are ₹ 5,00,000
2. The liabilities of the firm are ₹ 2,00,000
3. Normal rate of return in this class of business is 12.5 %.
4. Average profit of the firm is ₹ 60,000.

Answer:
Capital employed = fixed assets + current assets – current liabilities
= 5, 00, 000 – 2, 00, 000 = 3, 00, 000
Normal profit = Capital employed x Normal rate of return
= 3,00,000 x \(\frac { 12.5 }{ 100 }\) = 3, 75, 000
Super profit = Average profit – Normal profit
= 60, 000 – 37, 500 = 22, 500
Goodwill = Super profit x Number of years of purchase
= ₹ 22,500 x 2
= ₹ 45,000

Question 8.
A partnership firm earned net profits during the last three years as follows:
2016: ₹ 20,000; 2017: ₹ 17,000 and 2018: ₹ 23,000
The capital investment of the firm throughout the above mentioned period has been ₹ 80,000. Having regard to the risk involved, 15% is considered to be a fair return on capital employed in the business. Calculate the value of goodwill on the basis of 2 years purchase of super profit.
Answer:
Calculation of average profit Year Profit

Normal profit = Capital employed x Normal rate of return
= 80,000 x \(\frac { 15 }{ 100 }\) = 12,000
Super profit = 8,000
Valuation of goodwill = Super profit x No. of years purchase
= ₹ 8,000 x 2
= ₹ 16,000

Annuity method:
Question 9.
From the following information, calculate the value of goodwill under annuity method:

1. Average profit – ₹ 14,000
2. Normal profit – ₹ 4,000
3. Normal rate of return – 15%
4. Years of purchase of goodwill – 5

Present value of ₹ 1 for 5 years at 15% per annum as per the annuity table is 3.352
Answer:
Super profit = Average profit – Normal profit
= 14, 000 – ₹ 4, 000 = ₹ 10, 000
Goodwill = Super profit x Present value of annuity factor
= ₹ 10,000 x 3.352 = ₹ 33, 520

Capitalisation of super profit method:
Question 10.
Find out the value of goodwill by capitalising super profits:

1. Normal Rate of Return 10%
2. Profits for the last four years are ₹ 30,000, ₹ 40,000, ₹ 50,000 and ₹ 45,000.
3. Anon – recurring income of ₹ 3,000 is included in the above mentioned profit of ₹ 30,000.
4. Average capital employed is ₹ 3,00,000.

Answer:

Average profit = = \(\frac { 1, 62, 000 }{ 4 }\)
= ₹ 40,500
Normal profit = Capital employed x Normal rate of return
= 3,00,00 x \(\frac { 10 }{ 100 }\) = 30,000
Super profit = 10,500
Capitalisation super profit method = x 100
= \(\frac { 10, 500 }{ 10 }\) = ₹ 1, 05, 000

Capitalisation method:
Question 11.
From the following information, find out the value of goodwill by capitalisation method :

1. Average profit ₹ 20, 000
2. Normal rate of return 10%
3. Tangible assets of the firm ₹ 2, 20, 000
4. Liabilities of the firm ₹ 70, 000

Answer:
Capital Assets – Liabilities
= 2, 20, 000 – 70, 000 = ₹ 1, 50, 000
Capitalised value of business = x 100
= \(\frac { 20, 000 }{ 10 }\) x 100 = ₹ 2, 00, 000
Value of goodwill = Total capitalised average profit – Capital employed
= 2, 00, 000 – 1, 50, 000
= ₹ 50,000

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Goodwill in Partnership Accounts Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
Goodwill is valued under ………………
(a) Average profit method
(b) Super profit method
(c) Capitalisation method
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 2.
Average profit method can be further divided ………………
(a) Simple average profit
(b) Weighted average profit
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b)

Question 3.
Super profit is
(a) Average profit – Normal profit
(b) Normal profit – Average profit
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Average profit – Normal profit

Question 4.
Kinds of goodwill ………………
(a) Purchased goodwill
(b) Self – generated goodwill
(c) None of these
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b)

Question 5.
Nature of goodwill is ………………
(a) Reputation of business firm
(b) Profit of firm
(c) total asset of firm
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Reputation of business firm

Question 6.
Factor of goodwill is ………………
(a) Location of the business
(b) Efficient management
(c) Nature of the goods
(d) All of these
Answer:
(b) Efficient management

Question 7.
Arrange the following in ascending or descending order:
1. Super profit = Weighted average profit x No. of years purchase
2. Capitalistion method = x 100
3. Weighted Average method = Average profit – Normal profit
4. Capitalisation super profit = Total profit/No. of years purchase
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
(b) 2, 4, 1, 2
(c) 3, 4, 1, 2
(d) 4, 3, 2, 1
Answer:
(c) 3, 4, 1, 2

Question 8.
Goodwill of the firm on the basis of 2 years purchase of average profit of the last 3 years is ₹ 25,000. Find average profit ………………
(a) ₹ 50,000
(b) ₹ 25,000
(c) ₹ 10,000
(d) ₹ 12,500
Answer:
(a) ₹ 50,000

Question 9.
Calculate the value of goodwill at 3 years purchase when capital employed is ₹ 2,50,000. Average profit ₹ 30,000 and normal rate of return is 10% ………………
(a) ₹ 3,000
(b) ₹ 25,000
(c) ₹ 30,000
(d) ₹ 15,000
Answer:
(d) ₹ 15,000

Question 10.
Adjusted profit = Actual profit
(a) + past expenses not required in the future
(b) – past revenue not likely to be eached in the future
(c) + additional income expected in the future
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

II. Fill in the blanks:

Question 11.
Goodwill brought in cash by new partner is divided among the old partner by debiting is ________ A/c and crediting ________ A/c.
Answer:
Goodwill; capital.

Question 12.
Calculation of goodwill under simple average profit method is ________
Answer:
Total profit =

Question 13.
Super profit method normal profit is ________
Answer:
Normal profit = Capital employed x Normal rate of return

Question 14.
Under average profit method ________
Answer:
x 100

Question 15.
Super profit = ________
Answer:
Average profit – Normal profit

III. Short answer questions

Question 1.
What are the nature of goodwill?
Answer:
The nature of the goodwill can be described as follows:

1. Goodwill is an tangible fixed asset. It is tangible because it has no physical existence. It cannot be seen or touched.
2. It has a definite value depending on the profitability of the business enterprise.
3. It cannot be separated from the business.
4. It helps in earning more profit and attracts more customers.
5. It can be purchased or sold only when the business is purchased or sold in full or in part.

Question 2.
What is average profit method?
Answer:
Under this method, goodwill is calculated as certain years of purchase of average profits of the past years. The number of years of purchase is generally determined on the basis of the average period a new business will take in order to bring it to the current state of the existing business.

Question 3.
What is meant by simple average profit method?
Answer:
Goodwill is calculated by multiplying the average profit by a certain number of years of purchase. Simple average profit is calculated by adding the adjusted profits of certain number of years by dividing the total number of such years.
Goodwill = Average profit x Number of years purchase Total profit.
Average profit =

Question 4.
Weighted average profit method.
Answer:
Goodwill is calculated by multiplying the weighted average profit by a certain number of years of purchase.
Goodwill = Weighted average profit x Number of years purchase
In this method, weights are assigned to each year’s profit. Weighted profit is ascertained by multiplying the weights assigned with the respective year’s profit.
Weighted average profit =

Question 5.
What is meant by annuity method of valuation of goodwill?
Answer:
Value of goodwill is calculated by multiplying the super profit with the present value of annuity.
Goodwill = Super profit x Present value annuity factor
Present value annuity factor is the present value of annuity of rupee one at a given time. It can be found out from annuity table or by using formula.

Question 6.
What is annuity factor?
Answer:
Annuity refers to series of uniform cash flows at regular intervals. The table value gives the present value of annuity of rupee one received at the end of every year for a specified number of years.

where, i = interest rate ; n = estimated number of years

Question 7.
What is capitalisation of super profit method?
Answer:
Under this method, value of goodwill is calculated by capitalising the super profit at normal rate of return, that is, goodwill is the capitalised value of super profit.
Goodwill = x 100

IV. Exercise

Question 1.
Goodwill is to be valued at three years purchase of five years average profits. The profit for the last five years were 2010 – ₹ 4,200; 2011 — ₹ 4,500; 2012 – ₹ 4,700; 2013 – ₹ 4,600; and 2014 – ₹ 5,000.
Solution:
Calculation of average profit:

Calculation of goodwill = Average profit x No. of years purchase
= ₹ 4,600 x 3 = ₹ 13,800

Question 2.
A firm’s profit for the last 5 years were ₹ 20,000, ₹ 30,000, ₹ 40,000. ₹ 50,000, and ₹ 60,000. Calculated the value of firm’s goodwill on the basis of three years purchase of weighted average profit after using weight of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 respectively.
Solution:

Goodwill = Weighted avg. profit x Number of years purchase = 46,667 x 3 = ₹ 1,40,000 (appr.)

Question 3.
A business has earned average profit ₹ 1,00,000 during the last few years and the normal rate of return in similar business is 10%. Find out the value of goodwill.

1. Capitalisation of super profit method.
2. Super profit method of the goodwill is valued at 3 years purchase of super profit. The assets of the business were ₹ 10,00,000 and liabilities of ₹ 1,80,000.

Solution:
1. Capital employed = Assets – libilities
= 10,00,000 – 1,80,000
= ₹ 8,20,000
Normal profit = Capital employed x
8,20,000 = 1 x \(\frac { 10 }{ 100 }\) = 82,000
Super profit = Average profit – Normal profit
= ₹ 1,00,000 – ₹ 82,000 = ₹ 18,000

2. Capitalisation method Super profit
Goodwill = x 100
= \(\frac { 18, 000 }{ 10 }\) = ₹ 1, 80,000
as per super profit method Goodwill = super profit x No. of years purchase
= ₹ 18000 x 3 = ₹ 54,000

Question 4.
The average profit earned by the firm is Z 80,000 which includes under valuation of stock an average basis the capital invested in the business and normal rate of return is 8%. Calculate the goodwill of the firm on the basis of times the super profit.
Solution:
Average profit – ₹ 80,000
(A) Under value of stock – ₹ 8,000
Actual Average profit – ₹ 88,000
Normal profit = Capital investment x Normal rate of return
= ₹ 88,000 – ₹ 64,000
= ₹ 24,000
Goodwill = Super profit x 7
= ₹ 24,000 x 7
= ₹ 1,68,000

Question 5.
Capital investment is ₹ 5,00,000; firms profit ₹ 1,50,000 Assuming that normal rate of return is 20%. Calculate the goodwill

1. Capitalisation method.
2. Super profit method if the goodwill is valued @ 2 years purchase

Solution:
1. Capitalisation of average profit method.
Goodwill = x 100
= \(\frac { 1,50,000 }{ 20 }\) = ₹ 7,50,000
Goodwill = Total capital employed – capital employed
= ₹ 7,50,000 – ₹ 5,00,000 = ₹ 2,50,000

2. Super profit method
Normal profit = Capital employed x
Normal profit = ₹ 5,00,000 x \(\frac { 20 }{ 100 }\) = ₹ 1,00,000
Super profit = Average profit – Normal profit
= ₹ 1,50,000 – 1,00,000
= ₹ 50,000
Value of Goodwill = Super profit x No. of years purchase
= ₹ 50,000 x 2
= ₹ 1,00,000

Question 6.
Calculate the value of goodwill of the firm of 2 partners
(a) At the 3 years purchase of average profits
(b) At 3 years purchase of super profits
(c) On the basis of capitalisation of super profits
(d) On the basis of capitalisation of average profits

(i) Average capital employed ₹ 7,00,000
(ii) Net trading results of the firm 2014 – ₹ 1,47,600 2015 – Loss ₹ 1,48,100. Profit for 2016 – ₹ 4,48,700
(iii) Rate of interest on capital @ 18%
(iv) Remunuration ₹ 500/- per month
Solution:
Calculation of Average profit and super profit
Total profit = ₹ 1,47,600 – ₹ 1,48,100 + ₹ 4,48,700 = ₹ 4,48,200
Average profit = = ₹ 1,49,400
Less: Remunration of 2 partner (2 x 500 x 1/2) \(\frac { 12,000 }{ 1,37,400 }\)
Less: Normal profit = Capital employed x
= 7,00,000 x \(\frac { 18 }{ 100 }\) = ₹ 1,26,000
Super profit = ₹ 11,400

(a) Average profit – Average profit x No. of year purchase
= ₹ 1,37,400 x 3 = ₹ 4,12,200

(b) Super profit – Super profit x No. of year purchase
= ₹ 11,400 x 3 = ₹ 34,200

(c) Capitalisation of super profit – x 100
= \(\frac { 11,400 }{ 18 }\) x 100
= ₹ 63,333

(d) Capitalisation of average profit = x 100
= \(\frac { 1,37,400 }{ 100 }\) x 100
= ₹ 7,63,333
(-) Actual capital employed = ₹ 7,00,000
Goodwill = ₹ 63,333

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The Last Lesson Warm up:

A. Fill the globe with an acrostic poem.

Answer:

B. How can you make the world a better place?

While “making the world a better place” often calls to mind the image of Michael Jackson’s song, ‘Heal the world’, there is plenty of room for less lofty acts that create small measures of happiness in the lives of those around us. Little gesticulations can create or fortify our sense of community and of shared human race, lessening our problems for just a moment and giving us something to smile about.

C. What does the picture symbolise?
Answer:
The picture symbolises Peace and tranquillity.

D. Find the names of the various UN organizations with the logo given below and fill in the blanks.

Answer:

The Last Lesson Intext Questions

The Last Lesson Class 10 Question a.
What kind of news was usually put up on the bulletin board?
Answer:
All bad news like lost battles, the draft, the orders of the commanding officer, came from the Bulletin board.

The Last Lesson Book Back Answers Question b.
What was the usual scene when school began every day?
Answer:
When school began every day, there was a great bustle of opening and closing of the desks, lessons were repeated in unison loudly and the teacher’s ruler rapped on the table.

10th English The Last Lesson Question c.
Other than the students, who were present in the class?
Answer:
The village people, old Hauser, the former mayor, the former postmaster and several others were present in the class, besides the students.

The Last Lesson 10th Class Question d.
Why did Mr. Hamel say it was the last French lesson?
Answer:
The order had come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. So Mr. Hamel said that was the last French lesson.

The Last Lesson Summary In Tamil Question e.
What was Franz asked to tell? Was he able to answer?
Answer:
Franz was asked to recite the rule for participle all through. But he got mixed up on the first words and stood there nervous.

10th English Unit 6 Poem Question f.
Why did Mr.Hamel blame himself?
Answer:
Mr. Hamel blamed himself because he had often sent Franz to water his flowers instead of learning his lessons and when he went for fishing he gave him a holiday.

The Last Lesson In Tamil Question g.
What did M. Hamel say about the French language?
Answer:
M. Hamel said that French was the most beautiful language in the world – the clearest, the most logical and that they must guard it and never forget it.

The Last Lesson Question Answers Pdf Question h.
How many years had M. Hamel been in the village?
Answer:
M. Hamel had been in the village for forty years.

The Last Lesson Textual Questions

A. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

The Last Lesson Summary Class 10 Question 1.
Why did Franz dread to go to school that day?
Answer:
Franz dreaded to go to school that day because M.Hamel had said he would question them on participles and he did not know the first word about them.

Samacheer Kalvi Question 2.
What were the various things that tempted Franz to spend his day outdoors?
Answer:
The day was warm and bright. The birds were chirping and in the open field back of the sawmill, the Prussian soldiers were drilling.

Question 3.
Why was the narrator not able to get to his desk without being seen?
Answer:
The narrator was not able to get to his desk without being seen because that day everything was quiet about the school. He had to open the door and go in before everybody, who were in their places already.

Question 4.
What was Franz sorry for?
Answer:
Franz was sorry for not learning his lessons, for having found his books heavy and his history of the saints, were old friends, now that he couldn’t give up. He also felt sorry for Hamel who was going away.

Question 5.
Why were the old villagers sitting in the last desk?
Answer:
The old villagers sat in the last desks feeling sad that, that was the last French lesson that would be taught at school. They were sorry that they hadn’t gone to school, it was their way of thanking the master for his forty years of faithful service.

Question 6.
What were the thoughts of the narrator’s parents?
Answer:
The narrator’s parents preferred to send him to work on a farm or at the mills so as to have a little more money.

Question 7.
Why does M. Hamel say that we must guard our language?
Answer:
M. Hamel said that we must guard our language among us and never forget it because when a people are enslaved, as long as they hold fast to their language it is as if they had the key to their prison.

Question 8.
M. Hamel was gazing at many things. What were they?
Answer:
M.Hamel was gazing at his garden outside the window, his class in front of him, the walnut- trees in the garden and the hop vine that he had planted twined about the windows to the roof, with a broken heart that he is leaving all.

Question 9.
When and how did M. Hamel bid farewell to the class?
Answer:
When the trumpets of the Prussians sounded under their windows, M.Hamel stood up, very pale, with words choking his throat, he turned to the blackboard, and wrote “LONG LIVE FRANCE!” in French with a great deal of effort and a heavy heart.

Additional Questions

Question 1.
What was Franz expected to be prepared with for school that day?
Answer:
That day Franz was expected to be prepared with participles because M. Hamel had said that he would question them on participles. Franz did not know anything about participles.

Question 2.
What had been put up on the bulletin- board?
Answer:
An order had come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. The Germans had put this notice upon the bulletin-board.

Question 3.
What can be the matter now?” says Franz. Why, do you think he commented?
Answer:
When Franz passed by the bulletin board near the town-hall, he noticed a crowd there. He did not stop there nor wondered what could be the matter then. For the last two years they had received all the bad news from the bulletin-board-the lost battle, the draft and the orders of the commanding officer.

Question 4.
Who was Wachter? What did he ask Franz and why? How did Franz react?
Answer:
Wachter, a blacksmith was reading the latest bulletin. He asked Franz not to rush to his school and said that he would get to his school well ahead of time. Franz thought that the blacksmith was making fun of him not realizing the order that was announced. So, he ignored Wachter and rushed so that he would escape M. Hamel’s rebuke.

Question 5.
What changes did the order from Berlin cause in school that day?
Answer:
M. Hamel had put on his best dress-his beautiful green coat, his frilled shirt and the little black silk cap, all embroidered. The whole school seemed so strange and solemn. On the back benches that were always empty, the elderly village people were sitting quietly like the kids.

Question 6.
Why was Franz not scolded for reaching the school late that day?
Answer:
Franz was late for school. Usually there was a great hustle and bustle in the morning. He had anticipated to take benefit of that noise and hubbub. He wanted to get to his desk without being noted. But that day he had to go in before everybody. M. Hamel politely requested him to take his seat without scolding him as it was Hamel’s last lesson of French in that school.

Question 7.
What did Franz wonder about when he entered the class that day?
Answer:
M. Hamel was to question the students on participles and Franz knew nothing about them and feared caning or scolding. He wondered about the big crowd he had seen around the notice board at the Town Hall and also the empty back benches filled by the villagers including the Mayor and the Postmaster.

Question 8.
What happened when the lesson in History was over?
Answer:
After the History lesson, the babies chanted their ba, be, bi, bo, bu. Old Hauser, who was sitting at the back of the room had put on his spectacles. He was holding his primer in both hands and was spelling the last lesson. He was seated motionless in his chair during the writing lesson. He gazed at one thing or the other. Perhaps he wanted to fix in his mind how everything looked in that little school room. Surely, it must have pained his heart to leave his familiar spot after forty long years.

Question 9.
“He had the courage to hear every lesson to the very last.” What led Franz to make this remark?
Answer:
Franz observed that M. Hamel was feeling sad to leave the place after forty years and not being allowed to teach French any longer. Yet, he did not emote his feelings. Rather, he performed his duties faithfully listening to every lesson to the last till the school was dismissed at mid-day prayer time.

B. Answer the following questions in about 80-100 words.

Question 1.
We appreciate the value of something only when we are about to lose it. Explain this with reference to the French language and M. Hamel.
Answer:
The Last Lesson’, written by Alphonse Daudet describes the year 1870 when the Prussian forces under Bismarck attacked and captured France. Alsace and Lorraine, districts of France went into Prussian hands. The new Prussian rulers issued an order that only German should be taught in all schools. The French teachers were asked to leave with immediate effect. The story describes the last day of one such French class under M. Hamel. M. Hamel had taught French for forty years. Most of them never knew the value of the teacher’s devotion and dedicated service.

We do not always get an opportunity to learn, and this is never understood till the end. Luck doesn’t favour always. Likewise, opportunity knocks ones. Time should be valued. Procrastination is a sin. Most of us end up delaying things. Unless we are constant and regular in our efforts, we cannot achieve our goals.

When things come easy, we do not realise ifs value. Time and tide wait for no man. The entire village knew the value of Mr. Hamel and his teaching only when he was asked to leave. There was no use in their regrets. It was all too late. Therefore, let’s remember that we should make hay when the sun shines and not weep in vain.
‘Understand, your worth; Value your life; Appreciate your blessings’

Question 2.
Give an account of the last day of M. Hamel in school.
Answer:
The story described what was just another ordinary day for Franz who started very late for school that morning. Franz, who played truant with French class, feared M. Hamel’s iron rod. He came to the school thinking he would be punished as he had not learnt his lesson on participles.

In fact, he was reluctant to go to school. Initially, he thought of spending the bright warm day outdoors enjoying the chirping of birds and seeing the drilling of Prussian soldiers at the back of the sawmill. On the way, Franz passed the Town hall, where he saw a large crowd reading the bulletin board which had been a source of all bad news.

Franz rushed to his classroom, overseeing it for the fear of being chided. When Franz arrived at the school, his classmates were already seated and the teacher had already started teaching. The back benches were occupied by grim and solemn villagers including the Mayor, The Postmaster, Hauser and many others. To his surprise, M. Hamel was in his Sunday clothes. Franz found M. Hamel to be kinder than usual. Franz was shocked to know that it was the last French lesson and the German teacher would start classes the next day. He was full of regret for not learning his mother tongue and felt a sudden love for French.

He even started liking M. Hamel and forgot all about his ruler. When M. Hamel asked Franz to recite the rules of participle, he was petrified. M. Hamel didn’t scold him and remarked that the only problem with people of, Alsace was procrastinating learning. He blamed parents and himself for exploiting children. Hamel then talked of the French language, calling it the most beautiful language in the world. He said that when we were enslaved knowing our mother tongue was similar to having the key to prison. As the church clock bell struck twelve, M. Hamel with a choked throat wrote on the Blackboard Vive La France!, i.e. Long Live France and dismissed the class.
‘Our memories of yesterday will last a lifetime.’

Additional Questions:

Question 1.
How was the last lesson different from earlier lessons?
The last lesson was different from earlier lessons in numerous ways. It revealed the love and respect of the teacher and students for their mother tongue. Even the teacher was unusually kind and did not scold children. M. Hamel taught very patiently, with utmost dedication and sincerity. It seemed as if he wanted to give all that he knew before going away. He was dressed at his best and his ‘iron ruler’ was not used even to rap it on the desk.

The last lesson was attended by villagers with deep remorse to show their love and respect for their mother tongue and also to M. Hamel. The students listened very carefully and everybody was absolutely quiet. Franz regretted for not learning his lesson. The last lesson was indeed emotional. It stirred patriotic feelings and awakened the villagers to the importance of their mother tongue.
‘The bird of love flies on two wings Faith and Dedicated Service.’

Question 2.
Justify the title ‘The Last Lesson’.
Answer:
The title The Last Lesson’ is noteworthy and conveys the principal theme of the story. The story has an appropriate and suggestive title. It highlights the fact that sometimes even the most precious things in our lives are taken for granted by us. The people of Alsace never give much thought or importance to their mother tongue, French. They least expect such a situation in their motherland. Parents prefer their children to go to the farm and bring an extra income rather than learn French.

They hardly encourage regular attendance in school. They think there will be plenty of time to leam the language in their life but it’s a sudden bolt from the blue when the order is announced. The order from Berlin to ban French and make German compulsory had to be accepted without any rejection. This ruthless order from Prussians makes them realise various things in life. The beginning of the story serves as preparation for it. The unusual quietness at school, presence of village elders and the teacher in his best Sunday dress—all point out to the unusual and unique occasion-the last lesson in French in a French village conquered by the Prussians. While delivering the last lesson, the teacher wants to transmit all his knowledge in one stretch. He explains everything with patience and the students as well as old villagers listen attentively.

As the teacher is unable to express his emotions because of choked throat, he ends the lesson by writing ‘Vive La France’ on the blackboard. He makes a gesture with his hand to indicate that the school is dismissed and students can go home. This was the last class of French. Hamel was the last teacher of the last French class. Perhaps this was the last attentive class too. Thus, the title The Last Lesson’ reveals the theme of the story and is fully justified.
‘Do it with passion The last may be sudden.’

Question 3.
Write a character sketch of little Franz. Franz was a typical schoolboy who played truant. He hated school or learning. He was afraid of his
Answer:
French Teacher M. Hamel’s ‘iron ruler’. He was more eager to spend his time outside the school. Many times, he missed the school and went in search of ‘bird’s eggs’. He preferred to watch the Prussian soldiers drilling at the saw-mill. He did not realise the importance of learning his mother tongue till the time his country passed into Prussian hands and teaching French was banned.

This was a rude shock to him when he came to school and found it to be his last French lesson. At this point, he lamented the loss of his language. His entire perspective towards the language and the teacher changed. He was surprised to learn and understand everything on the last day and did not find M. Hamel strict during the lesson nor did he find his teaching complicated. He felt he was able to understand the rules of grammar so very easily and thought it was his readiness to learn that mattered. He was really a child and was not able to understand the. severity of war and wondered whether the Pigeons would be made to coo in German too. Such was his innocence!
‘Thoughts change, Perceptions change, ‘Changes are inevitable.’

Question 4.
“Order from Berlin aroused a particular zeal in the school.” Comment.
Answer:
The order from Berlin brought a sense of shock and surprise in the class. They were all dumbstruck. As per the order, this was the last French class. Alsace and Lorraine had been captured by the Prussians. So only German was to be taught in the schools. Hamel had to leave the next day. Now they all felt passionate about their mother tongue. All the eminent village elders felt guilty for neglecting their mother tongue.

Now they came to the class and showed their love and respect for their mother tongue. They were in awe for their French teacher M. Hamel. The entire school was filled with an air of repentance and guilt. There was complete quietness. The teacher, M. Hamel, was dressed at his best and was full of emotions. Even the students in the class, including little Franz, felt remorse for their indifference to their mother tongue. There was an atmosphere of stillness and quietness in the class.
‘Education prepares you for the future.’

Question 5.
Give a character sketch of M. Hamel.
Answer:
M. Hamel is a strict disciplinarian at a school in a village in the French districts of Alsace and Lorraine. M. Hamel is an experienced teacher who has been teaching in that village school for forty years. He imparts primary education in all subjects. He is a hard taskmaster and students like Franz, who are not good learners, are in great dread of being scolded by him. He loves his profession from the bottom of his heart and holds a deep sense of respect for the mother tongue.

The latest order of the Prussian conquerors upset him. He has to leave the place forever and feels heartbroken. He feels sad but exercises self-control. He has the courage to hear every lesson to the last. This thought completely shatters a calm and composed man like M. Hamel. He tries his level best to remain calm and unruffled but breaks down at the end. His performance during the last lesson is exemplary. He is kind even to a latecomer like Franz. He uses a solemn and gentle tone while addressing the students.

He has a logical mind and can analyse problems and deduce the reasons responsible for it. He feels grief-stricken at the fact that people became indifferent to learning French. He charms them to keep their language alive. Hamel is a patriot in the real sense. He regards the mother tongue to be a means of holding one’s identity and self-respect. He knows the emotional hold of a language over its users. He is a good communicator and explains everything patiently. Partings are painful and being human, M. Hamel too is no exception. He fails to say goodbye as his throat is choked
‘Good teachers are rarity. M.Hamel is an exception to rarity!’

Vocabulary:

C. In column A are some of the idiomatic phrases from the essay. Match them with equivalent single words in column B:

Answer:

D. Frame sentences of your own using the above idiomatic phrases.

1. You will go far (succeed) if you learn to persevere and never give up.
2. I just knew that Sasikala would blow up (explode) as a result of her sustained anger.
3. The records show up (reveal) the true personality of the Managing Director of the factory.
4. This project calls on (requires) all the creative hands to launch it immediately.
5. Although Leela was angry, she did not want to break off (finish) her long relationship with Chandran.
6. I hate to knuckle under (submit) my boss, just to hold on to my job.

E. Given below are some idiomatic phrases. Find the meaning of it using the dictionary:

Frame sentences of your own to bring out the meaning.

1. Put on – (assume) They put on an American Accent which sounded perfect.
2. Come in – (join later) Ashish will sing the verse and then the rest of choristers will come in on the chorus.
3. Try again – (don’t quit) Oh common, just try again.
4. Walk away – (escape a danger) You were lucky to walk away from that ghastly car accident.
5. Time out – (a short break) Workaholics rush around so much now-a-days that they all need a time out now and then.
6. Try again – (never give up) It’s hard at first to shift gears but try, try again till you feel at ease with changing gears.

Listening Activity

F. Listen to the article titled “Remembering Nel Jayaraman”

It must have been eight years ago I was at Thiruvarur to attend the Nel Thiruvizha (seed festival) organised by Jayaraman.
I went there to volunteer; I’d heard about him from organic farming pioneer G. Nammalvar and wanted to see if we could bring the varieties Jayaraman revived, to the market.

It was just a small affair then; some people attended. But the festival grew exponentially from then on; from 500, the number of participants went up to 1,500 next year; and then to 2,500, 5,000… there was no looking back. When I entered the village Adhirangam where the festival took place, I saw men carrying sacks of paddy, they came with five kilograms and returned with 10 kilograms the next year. That was how the seed exchange work.

I remember how Jayaraman cycled across villages to find traditional paddy seeds and distribute them. I asked him how he planned to carry his vision forward; what would he do for funds/ But he replied, “What do I need funds for ? I have seeds and my cycle will take me to everywhere. Or I’ll take a bus”.

If people called him asking for his number of varieties of seeds, he went directly to see to it – that they got what they wanted. I participated in the planning of his seed festivals.

But the man didn’t believe I going by a strict plan. He was always cool when those around him panicked. For instance, if I told him there were many people coming for the event and that we i had to pain for meals and plates, he would respond unfettered, “Thambi, it’ll fall in place. If i there is no plates we can buy banana leaves; if there’s no food. We can cook and serve rice, we have it in plenty, don’t we?”

What if the sound system doesn’t work, I insisted and he said.’Then we might have to speak louder”. I joked that I would refuse to come for planning meetings, because anyway, he didn’t need them. On a serious note, all the festivals he organised went on smoothly, like he believed. During floods or droughts , he took the collector of Nagapattinam to show him how our traditional paddy withstood the forces of Nature.

He visited collectorates to submit petitions against genetically modified crops whenever he encountered them. Later in life, when his popularity grew, he spent more time in the field; but that’s where his heart was. Hundreds of people called me from India and abroad, enquiring about his health during his final days. He showed that if you worked selflessly for the society, it will give back.

Student A: (interviewer) – Vanakkam sir. For what cause do you organise festivals ?
Student B : ( NJ) – I organise these festivals with a difference. I present seeds to all the 1 participating farmers.
Student A: (interviewer) – Oh ! That’s really good, Sir. What do you expect in return?
Student B : (NJ) – In return I expect them to have double the harvest next year.
Student A: (interviewer) – Where did you organise the NEL festival?
Student B:(NJ) – (1) ……………………………………………………………………………………..
Student A: (interviewer) – Can you mention how many people congregated for the meeting?
Student B : (NJ) – (2) …………………………………………………………………………………..
Student A: (interviewer) – What did you distribute to the farmers?
Student B : (NJ) – (3) ……………………………………………………………………………………
Student A: (interviewer) – How did you commute to each of these villages?
Student B : (NJ) – (4) ……………………………………………………………..
Student A: (interviewer) – Ayya, Do you plan your schedules?
Student B : ( NJ) (5) ……………………………………………………………….
Student B : ( NJ) – 1 have an alternative (6) ……………………………………………………………
Student A: (interviewer) – Where was your heart and soul?
Student B : (NJ) – (7) ……………………………………………………………..
Student A: (interviewer) – People say when your popularity grew, you spent less time in the field?
Student B : (NJ) – (8) ……………………………………………………………..
Student A : (interviewer) – What is your message to the world?
Student B :(NJ) – (9) ……………………………………………………………….
Student A: (interviewer) – Thank you, Sir. Nandri
Student B : (NJ) – Nandri.
Answers:

1. I organized the Nel festival at Thiruvarur.
2. Around 500 people congregated for the meeting.
3. I distributed traditional paddy seeds to the farmers.
4. I used to cycle across to these villages.
5. Yes, I do plan my seed festival schedules.
6. to everything – no plates meant that we could buy banana leaves; no food meant that we could cook and serve rice which was available in plenty; no mike meant that we have to just raise our voices and speak!
7. My heart and soul was in the field.
8. That’s the world we live in!
9. If you work selflessly for the society, it will give back.

Speaking Activity:

G. A road map is given below. Answer the questions that follow with the help of the road map. Work in pairs and discuss to give directions to get to one place from another.

Answer:

Question 1.
You are at the market. You need directions to go to the pharmacy.
Answer:
From the market on George Street, go past two crossroads. After you cross the library and the bakery on the left, take your right on South road at the cross roads just before the Art Gallery. You will find a Gift shop as soon as you turn on the left side. After a kilometer or so you will find a Hospital on the left. Take left immediately and you will find the pharmacy just opposite to the hospital on Central Avenue.

Question 2.
You are in a book shop. Ask your partner to direct you to the Art Gallery.
Answer:
Walk straight on Central Avenue and go past the School on your right. Proceed further and cross the Post office on the left. After a couple of buildings, take the immediate left on South Road. Walk down further till you arrive at the cross roads on George street. At the crossroads, you will find the Art Gallery, diagonally opposite to you on the right side on George Street.

Question 3.
Give your partner the directions to go from the Bank to the hotel.
Answer:
Go to the Bank out-gate on Park Street and take your left. Go past the Swimming pool on the left and take the right on George Street. Further down you will find a Police station on the right before the next crossroad at North Road. A few buildings after the North road crossing you will find the Hotel on the right side.

Question 4.
Direct your partner from the post office to the market.
Answer:
Use the gate on Central Avenue and take your right. Go past the Museum on the right and take the right turn on Park Street just before the Bank. Proceed further and keep left. You will find a Swimming pool on the left. Take the immediate right after the Swimming pool. You will find the Market just opposite to the Swimming pool on George Street.

Question 5.
Your partner wants to go the library from school. Give suitable directions.
Answer:
Take the right on Central Avenue. Take the first right again on Park street. Keep to the left of the Park Street and walk further. Cross the Bank and the Swimming pool till you reach the junction at George Street. Take your right and walk further. You will find the Library just opposite the Police station on George Street.

Additional:

Question 1.
Direct your partner who had visited the museum with her family to go to the Gift Shop on South Road.
Answer:
Use the gate on Central Avenue and take your left. Go past the Post office on the left and take the left on South Road. Keep left and walk further. Cross the road to take the first lane on your right. You will find the Gift shop after three or four buildings on the left side of the road.

Question 2.
Guide a stranger from the Police Station to the Hospital.
Answer:
Take the right on George Street. Proceed further and cross the Hotel after the Crossroads of North Road. Take the right after the Hotel on South Road. Walk straight and go past the lane on the left. Take the left on Central Avenue at the Crossroads. You will find the Hospital on the left after a furlong or so.

Reading:

H. Read the poem carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Fill in the blanks.

1. (a) ………………………. is the festival which fills our hearts with delight.
(b) ………………….. is referred to as a festival of sacrifice.
(a) Festival of light
(b) Unfurling the joy of giving

2. What kind of joy is unfurled during the festival of sacrifice?
The joy of giving is unfurled during the festival of sacrifice.

3. How can we make our life worth living?
By celebrating all festivals well and nice, we can make our life worth living.

4. What does the poet mean by ‘Festival of flowers’?
By festival of flowers the poet means that they brighten up with colours.

5. When are we in a state of trance?
We are in a state of trance, when we celebrate the festival of dance.

6. What do the people do when the festival of Music is celebrated?
They sing the joyous lyric when the festival of music is celebrated.

7. What makes us happy and free, according to the poet?
The festival of love that spreads treasures on a tree, shares the word from above and makes us happy and free.

8. Find out the rhyme scheme employed in the fourth stanza.
‘abab’ is the rhyme scheme employed in the fourth stanza.

9. Pick out the rhyming words from the first stanza of the poem.
‘Harvest-best; and light-delight’ are the rhyming words from the first stanza of the poem.

10. Write down the words that alliterate in the poetic lines below.
(a) Festival of Flowers
(b) That spreads treasures on a tree
(a) Festival of Flowers
(b) That spreads treasures on a tree

Writing:

I. Create posters for following:

1. You are Raja/ Ranjani. Draft a poster to create awareness about the harmful effects of using plastics, in not more than 50 words

2. Say ‘No to Drugs’ – Design a poster for it in not more than 50 words. You may use slogans/ phrases.

3.“ Save our Earth” is the need of the hour. Draft a poster with attractive slogans/ phrases for the same in not more than 50 words. Use attractive drawings.

4. You are Sita/ Sudhan. Design a poster in not more than 50 words to focus on not wasting water. Be creative.

5. Good handwriting is the index of an individual. Design a poster on the importance of good handwriting. Use catchy slogans or phrases. Your poster should not exceed 50 words.

J. Draft Letters for the following

1. You are Ajeet, living in a remote village in Tirunelveli. You participated in a health camp organised by your school. You were surprised to observe that most of the residents were unaware of health and hygiene. As a concerned citizen, write a letter to the editor stating the need to organise such camps focusing on the importance of health and hygiene.
From
Mast. Ajeet.
SGH High School
Meviyar kuppam
Tenkasi
Tirunelveli district
20.10.2020
To
The Editor
The Hindu
New Town
Tirunelveli
Respected Sir
Subject: Requisition for more Camps on Health and Hygiene
Recently the Health and Hygiene club of SGH High school at Meviyar Kuppam conducted a health camp in the school campus. Three doctors from the nearby Public Health Centre were kind enough to be a part of this successful camp.
I was quite shocked as the Secretary of the Health and Hygiene Club to note that most of the villagers who came that day were unaware about the importance of health and hygiene. It is also alarming to note that many of them needed immediate medical treatment.
As a well wisher of the village community in Meviyar Kuppam, I request you to publish this article in your daily so that the authorities in the Government Health Department will take the necessary steps to organize such camps frequently.
Thank you
Yours faithfully
Ajeet
To
The Editor
The Hindu
New Town
Tirunelveli

2. You are Sanjay. Your colony utilises solar energy to light the common areas. You find many friends of your colony forgetting to switch off the lights in the common area. As a responsible citizen, write a letter to a newspaper, echoing the importance to conserve and preserve solar energy.
From
Mr.Sanjay,
7, Shanaz street,
TNGO Colony,
Adambakkam,
Chennai – 600088
30th September, 2020
To
The Editor
The Times of India
Chennai – 600001
Sir,
Sub: Importance of Conserving and Preserving Solar Energy Through the esteem column of your daily, I wish to bring to the Readers the importance to conserve and preserve solar energy.

Our colony Samba colony at Adambakkam uses Solar energy to lighten up the common area. Though we may save on electricity charges, it is important that we reduce the usage of solar energy also when not needed. I had noticed that in many areas the lights are not switched off in the mornings.

Although it may not be obvious, there’s a direct connection between your energy use and the environment. When you consume less power, you reduce the amount of toxic fumes released by power plants, conserve the earth’s natural resources and protect ecosystems from destruction. By taking steps to reduce your energy intake, you’ll contribute to a healthier and happier world. When you opt to cut back on energy use, you also help conserve limited natural resources that would otherwise be used to power the power plants. Less demand for energy creates less demand for harvesting fossil fuels.

Turning off the lights at night or washing clothes in cold water can save trees, coal, natural gas and more. From an economic standpoint, it’s critical to conserve our finite resources. Reducing electricity use in your home – or going off the power grid with solar energy -can benefit the environment, conserve resources and save lives. Although your own energy saving adjustments may seem inconsequential, small steps become great leaps when multiplied by the number of people living in the vicinity. Thereby I appeal to all the importance to conserve and preserve energy resources and save Mother Earth and lead a pollution free atmosphere.
Thank you
Yours faithfully
Sanjay
To
The Editor
The Times of India
Chennai – 600001

3. You are Sadasivam. You recently visited your native town in Vellore. You happened to accompany your grandmother to your family temple. You were shocked to notice the poor condition and maintenance of the temple. Write a letter to the Editor of local newspaper highlighting the poor condition of the temple. Also give some suggestions and request the HRC to take steps to improve the situation.
From
Mr.Sadasivam
Subash street
Sathuvachary
Vellore
21st June, 2020
To
The Editor
The Hindu
Bose Bank Road
Vellore
Sir / Madam
Sub: Poor maintenance of the Temple
This is to bring to the notice of the authorities concerned over the deliberate damage done to Vinayagar Temple in Sathuvachary.
What shocks me most is the negligence and indifference of the civic authorities to the maintenance and conservation of these temples frequently visited by tourists. These temples are not only the irreplaceable symbols of our past culture and traditional importance, but also a very rich source of earnings. If foreign and local tourists stop visiting these places because of poor maintenance, the consequences will be quite massive.
The damaged areas of these buildings must be improved and repaired. Installation of CCTV cameras, putting sentries on duty, sanitation, and providing some facilities for the tourists also must be looked into. In the absence of proper restrooms, the immediate surroundings of these places have become very unhealthy.
Through the columns of your venerated daily I appeal to the concerned authorities of HRC to look into the problem and do the needful. After all these temples are symbols and treasures of our cultural heritage.
Through this letter, let me request the public to showcase their civic responsibilities.
I also appeal to the authorities to take the necessary action to maintain a congenial atmosphere to worship the deity.
Yours truly,
Sadasivam
To
The Editor.
The Hindu
Bose Bank Road
Vellore

4. You are Sudha. Your neighbour has a pet dog that barks continuously. Write a letter to the Editor of a weekly newspaper of your locality, highlighting the nuisance and noise pollution created thus. Also suggest ways to solve the problem.
From
Ms. Sudha,
Lawyer Road.
Medavakam
Chennai-89
4th July, 2020
To
The Editor
The Indian Express
Sreyas Chamiers Towers,
Chamiers Road, Teynampet,
Chennai – 600 018
Sir,
Subject: Nuisance and Noise pollution
Through the esteemed columns of your daily/ newspaper, I wish to bring to your kind notice the sleepless nights we are having at home because of the continuous barking of the neighbour’s dog.
Noisy dogs are a common lawful argument. After all, while pet owners may feel irritation at a dog that barks at every little sound, a neighbour has unquestionably no control over teaching the dog not to retort in this manner.
I tried in vain to resolve the issue simply by talking with my neighbour, politely explaining my concerns, and asking if a compromise can be made that will satisfy both of us. However, my neighbour is unwilling to do what is necessary to quieten their pet without requiring me to take the next step.
I am writing to let the SPCA know that the dog’s barking has been disrupting our ability to have peace inside our home and in our back yard. I believe that if the dog isn’t chained, it might not bark at least in the night. Please take the necessary action immediately so that we can have peaceful nights.
Yours sincerely,
Sudha
To
The Editor
The Indian Express
Chamiers Road, Teynampet,
Chennai – 600 018

5. You are Raja. The street lights of your area do not work properly. As a responsible citizen, write a letter to the newspaper enlightening them about the problem and also suggest ways to brighten the area.
From
Mr. Raja,
17-A, Abraham Street,
Nellikuppam,
Royapuram,
Chennai – 13
12.11.2020
To
The Editor
The Hindu
Anna Salai
Chennai – 2
Sir,
Sub: Dark Roads lead to Chain Snatching
I am writing to your esteemed self to express my deep concern and anguish over the poor state of street lights in our colony. Almost all the street lights are not burning. After it gets dark, moving on the colony streets is unsafe and perilous. Many chain snatching incidents have happened owing to poor visibility on the roads. Even mobile phones and purse snatching cases have also been reported. We fear other antisocial activities to be on the rise.
Through the medium of your esteemed daily I appeal to the concerned authorities in the municipal corporation to look into the matter and make the street lights functional again in Nellikupam area.
I hope you will give space to my voice in your esteemed daily.
Thank you
Raja
To
The Editor
The Hindu
Anna Salai
Chennai – 2

Grammar

A. Fill in the blanks appropriately:

1. Mahatma Gandhi ……………….. the father of our nation.
2. There ………………. ten dogs in my street.
3. They …………….. to write the exercises neatly.
4. Butter milk …………….. good for health.
5. Fruits ……………… good for health.

Answers:
1. is, 2. are, 3. have, 4. is, 5. are.

B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate verb:

1. The quality of dal …………………. not good.
2. The horse carriage …………………… at the door.
3. My friend and teacher ……………….. come.
4. …………….. your father and mother at home?
5. Honour and glory ………………… his reward.
6. The ship with its crew ………………… sailing good.
7. Gullivers Travels ………………….. an excellent story.
8. Neither food nor water ………………… found here.
9. Mathematics ………………. a branch of study.
10. Fifteen minutes …………………… allowed to read the question paper.

Answers:
1. is, 2. is, 3. has, 4. is, 5. is, 6. is, 7. is, 8. is, 9. is, 10. is.

C. Change the singular nouns to plurals by either adding ‘s’, ‘ies’, ‘es\ ‘ves

D. Identify the non-finites in the following sentences and underline them
E. g., Children love eating chocolates

1. Roshan dreams of becoming an architect.
Answer:
Roshan dreams of becoming an architect.

2. We must aim at fulfilling Dr AP J Abdul Kalam’s dream to make India the most developed country by 2020.
Answer:
We must aim at fulfilling Dr APJ Abdul Kalam’s dream to make India the most developed country by 2020.

3. Taking the children to the museum is Seema’s responsibility.
Answer:
Taking the children to the museum is Seema’s responsibility.

4. Having finished the work, the manager decided to return home.
Answer:
Having finished the work, the manager decided to return home.

5. Travelling with her family, Tara enjoyed every minute of it.
Answer:
Travelling with her family, Tara enjoyed every minute of it.

E. Replace the underlined words by a participle in the following sentences:

Example: When young people wear soiled clothes on formal occasions to show rebelliousness.
Answer:
Young people wear soiled clothes on formal occasions to show rebelliousness.

1. While Sudha was climbing the stairs, she tripped and fell down.
Answer:
While climbing the stairs, Sudha tripped and fell down.

2. After her evening prayers, my grandmother went to the temple.
Answer:
Having said her evening prayers, my grandmother went to the temple.

3. Since he is a king, he can order everybody.
Answer:
Being a King, he can order everybody.

4. They took the last wicket and walked back to the pavilion.
Answer:
Having taken the last wicket, they walked back to the pavilion.

5. When he saw the train in the platform he rushed.
Answer:
Seeing the train in the platform, he rushed.

F. Fill in the blank with the correct alternative:

1. ………………….. on the flute, Krishna returned it. (played/having played)
2. We wish she continues ……………….. healthy, (being /be)
3. The doctor advised him against ………………. in the sun. (wander / wandering)
4. I like ………………………. rasam. (drinking / drink)
5. …………………. the scissors I returned it to her. (using / having used)

Answers:

1. Having played
2. being
3. wandering
4. drinking
5. Having used

G. Tick the correct sentences:

Answer:

The Last Lesson by Alphonse Daudet About the Author:
Alphonse Daudet born on 13th May 1840, was a French novelist and short story writer. His creativeness resulted in characters that were real and also typical. His other work includes Jack, a novel about an illegitimate child, a martyr to his mother’s selfishness, which followed in 1876, served only to deepen the same impression. Daudet died in Paris on 16 December 1897, and was interred at Pere Lachaise Cemetery. The story, ‘The Last Lesson’ highlights the pain that is inflicted on the people of a territory by its conquerors by taking away their right to study or speak their own language.

The Last Lesson Summary:

Introduction:
The Last Lesson is set in the days of the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) when the Prussian forces under Bismarck attacked and captured France. The French districts of Alsace and Lorraine went into
Prussian hands. The new Prussian rulers discontinued the teaching of French and introduced German in the schools of these two districts. The story deals with the theme of language imposition and language loyalty. The French teachers were asked to leave. Pmssia at that time, consisted of Germany, Poland and parts of Austria.

Worry of Franz
Franz started for school quite late that morning. He was afraid of being scolded by M. Hamel. He was to question them on participles and little Franz hadn’t studied. He wanted to spend the day out of doors admiring the warm bright day, chirping birds and the Prussian soldiers drilling in the open field back of the sawmill. But he resisted the temptation and rushed to school.

The idea that M. Hamel was going away made the narrator forget all about his iron ruler. Now Franz understood the situation well. The villagers were there to thank the master for his forty years of faithful service and to show their respect for the country that was theirs no more.

M. Hamel asked Franz to recite in vain. The teacher did not scold but confessed that his parents and he himself were at fault. Then he talked of the French language, the best in the world. He asked them to guard and never forget for it was the key to their prison. Then they had lesson in grammar and writing.

The pigeons cooed very low on the roof. Franz wondered if they would even make the pigeons sing in German. All the while M. Hamel was sitting motionless in his chair and gazing at one thing or the other. His sister was packing their trunks in the room above as they had to leave the country next day.

After writing, they had a lesson in history, and then the babies chanted their ba, be, bi, bo, bu. Even old Hauser was crying. All at once the church-clock struck twelve and then the mid-day prayers. At the same moment the trumpets of the Prussians, returning from drill, sounded under the windows.

M. Hamel stood up. He wanted to speak but something choked him. Then he took a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard as large as he could “Vive La France!” After this he stopped and leaned his head against the wall. Without a word, he made a gesture with his hand to indicate that the school was dismissed and they might go.

Now M. Hamel could no longer stay in his school. Still he gave a lesson to his students with utmost devotion and sincerity as ever.

Conclusion:
The author has expressed the true feeling of loyalty, duty and concern of a teacher towards his pupils. The helplessness of the citizens and the unawareness of the impending danger to the nation is portrayed well by the author.

The Last Lesson Glossary:

Textual:

Additional:

Synonyms:

Choose the most appropriate synonym of the underlined word.

1. I was in great dread of a scolding.
(a) fear
(b) tread
(c) walk
(d) footfall
Answer:
(a) fear

2. The birds were chirping at the edge of the woods.
(a) cheating
(b) duplicitous
(c) tweeting
(d) clinging
Answer:
(c) tweeting

3. Wachter was there with his apprentice.
(a) appearance
(b) baggage
(c) calmness
(d) trainee
Answer:
(d) trainee

4. Usually, when school began, there was a great bustle.
(a) commotion
(b) bus
(e) haste
(d) silence
Answer:
(a) commotion

5. Lessons were repeated in unison.
(a) discord
(b) harmony
(c) usage
(d) underway
Answer:
(b) harmony

6. The teacher’s great ruler rapped on the table.
(a) tapped
(b) sang
(c) reigned
(d) kept
Answer:
(a) tapped

7. I had counted on the commotion to get to my desk without being seen.
(a) blocked
(b) reckoned
(c) cancelled
(d) dreaded
Answer:
(b) reckoned

8. You can imagine how I blushed and how frightened I was.
(a) blamed
(b) beamed
(c) bleated
(d) flushed
Answer:
(d) flushed

9. Hauser had brought an old primer.
(a) prankster
(b) textbook
(c) guitar
(d) machine
Answer:
(b) textbook

10. I want you to be very attentive.
(a) attendance
(b) concentrating
(c) creative
(d) distracted
Answer:
(b) concentrating

Antonyms:

Choose the most appropriate antonym of the underlined word.

1. This lesson is set in the days of France-Prussian war.
(a) avarice
(b) battle
(c) combat
(d) peace
Answer:
(d) peace

2. The Prussians defeated the French.
(a) aimed
(b) brought
(c) triumphed
(d) drained
Answer:
(c) triumphed

3. The oppressors dominated over the language and culture of the Germans.
(a) liberated
(b) released
(c) conquered
(d) controlled
Answer:
(a) liberated

4. M. Hamel would question us on participles.
(a) beautify
(b) answer
(c) clarify
(d) demonstrate
Answer:
(b) answer

5. The birds were chirping in the open field back of the saw mill.
(a) enrolled
(b) built-up
(c) enclosed
(d) vulnerable
Answer:
(c) enclosed

6. I had the strength to resist.
(a) asset
(b) forte
(c) weakness
(d) dream
Answer:
(c) weakness

7. There was a crowd in front of the bulletin-board.
(a) averse
(b) reverse
(c) anterior
(d) façade
Answer:
(b) reverse

8. Then, as I hurried by as fast as I could go.
(a) hassled
(b) released
(c) relaxed
(d) Warmed
Answer:
(c) relaxed

9. Lessons were repeated in unison.
(a) accord
(b) discord
(c) united
(d) ignited
Answer:
(b) discord

10. Everything had to be as quiet as Sunday morning.
(a) queer
(b) quaint
(c) noisy
(d) calm
Answer:
(c) noisy

We hope the data given here will benefit you to the fullest extent at the time of preparation. For better understanding of English subject this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions for Class 10th English Prose Chapter 6 The Last Lesson PDF is the best resource. Download & ace up your preparation. Keep in touch with us and get the latest information on Tamilnadu State board Textbook Solutions PDF.

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science History Solutions Term 1 Chapter 3 Indus Civilisation

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Indus Civilisation Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answers:

Indus Valley Civilization Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
What metals were know to the people of Indus Civilisation?
(a) Copper, bronze, silver, gold, but not iron
(b) Copper, silver, iron, but not bronze
(c) Copper, gold, iron, but not silver
(d) Copper, silver, iron, but not gold
Answer:
(a) Copper, bronze, silver, gold; but not iron

Indus Civilisation Belonged To Question 2.
Indus Civilization belonged to ………………..
(a) Old Stone age
(b) Medieval stone age
(c) New Stone age
(d) Metal age
Answer:
(d) Metal age

Indus Civilization Belongs To Question 3.
River valleys are said to be the cradle of civilisation because.
(a) Soil is very fertile
(b) They experience good climate.
(c) They are useful for transportation
(d) Many civilisations flourished on river valleys.
Answer:
(d) Many civilisations flourished on river valleys.

II. Match the statement whit the reason. tick the appropriate answers:

Indus Civilisation Belonged To Answer Question 1.
Statement : Harappait civilization is said to be ait urban civilizations,
Reason : It has well planned cities with advanced drainage systems.
(a) Statement and reason are correct.
(b) Statement is wrong.
(c) Statement is true, but the reason is wrong.
(d) Both statement and reason are wrong.
Answer:
(a) Statement and reason are correct.

Indus Civilization Belongs To Metal Age Question 2.
Statement : Harappan civilisation belongs to Bronze age.
Reason : Harappans did not know the use of iron.
(a) Statement and reason are correct.
(b) Statement is wrong.
(c) Statement is correct, but the reason is wrong.
(d) Both statement and reason are wrong.
Answer:
(a) Statement and reason are correct.

Indus Civilization Belongs To Answer Question 3.
Statement : The engineerring skill of Harpones was remarkable
Reason : Building docks after u careful study Of tides, waves and currents.
(a) Statement and reason are correct.
(b) Statement is wrong.
(c) Statement is correct, but the reason is wrong.
(d) Both statement and reason are wrong.
Answer:
(a) Statement and reason are correct.

Indus Civilization Belonged To Question 4.
Which of the following statements about Mohenjo – Daro is correct?
(a) Gold ornaments were unknown.
(b) Houses were made of burnt bricks.
(c) Implements were made of iron.
(d) Great Bath was made water tight with the layers of natural bitumen
Answer:
(b) and (d)

Indus Valley Civilization Belongs To Old Stone Age Question 5.
Cosidering the following statement:
1. Uniformity in layout of town, streets, and brick siz
2. An elaborate and well laid out drainage system
3. Granaries constituted an important part of Harappan Cities
Which of the above statement are correct?
(a) 1&2
(b) 1&3
(c) 2&3
(d) all the three
Answer:
(d) all the three

Indus Civilization Belonged To Answer Question 6.
The odd one
Answer:
Oxen, sheep, buffaloes, pigs, horses

Find out the wrong pair
(b) Citadel – Granaries
(a) ASI John – Marshall
(c) Lothal – dockyard
(d) Harappan civilisation – River Cauvery
Answer:
(d) Harappan civilisation – River Cauvery

III. Fill in the blanks:

1. ________ is the oldest civilisation.
2. Archaeological Survey of india was founded by ________
3. ________ were used to store grains.
4. Group of people ________ form

Answer:

1. Mesopotamian civilization
2. Alexander cunningham
3. Granaries
4. Community

IV. State True or False:

1. Mehergarh is a Neolithic site.
2. Archaeological Survey of India is responsible for the preservation of cultural monuments
3. in the country.
4. Granaries were used to store grains
5. The earliest form of writings was developed by the Chinese.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False

V. Match the following :

1. Mohenjo Daro – (i) raised platform
2. Bronze – (ii) red quartz stone
3. Citade – (iii) alloy
4. Carnelian – (iv) mound of dead

Answer:

1. iv
2. iii
3. i
4. ii

VI. Answer in the one or two sentences:

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Books Social Science Question 1.
What are the uses of metal?
Answer:

1. Gold and Silver were used to make ornaments.
2. They used copper and bronze to make weapons and vessels.
3. Bronze was used to make statues. ( Example: Statue of a dancing girl.)

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Book Question 2.
Make a list of baked and raw food that weat.
Raw food : Fruits and vegetables like apple, carrot, cucumber etc.
Baked food : Bread, Bun, Cake, Cookie, Pudding etc.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Book Back Answers Question 3.
Do we have the practice of worshipping animals and trees?
Answer:
Yes, people belonging to some religions worship animals and trees.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Book Question 4.
River valleys are cradles of civiftatfun, why?
Answer:

1. River valley had fertile soil. Agriculture grew well in these regions.
2. Fresh water was available for drinking, Watering livestock and irrigation.
3. Easy movement of people and goods was possible.

Question 5.
Just because a toy moves it doesn’t mean it’s modern. What did they use instead of batteries?
Answer:
They used wheels.

Question 6.
Dog was the first animal to be tamed. Why?
Answer:
Humans started breeding dogs to help with hunting, herding, standing guard and carrying stuff.

Question 7.
If you were an archaeologist, what will you do?
Answer:
If I were an archaeologist I would go to Adichanallur which is located in our district and do excavation there.

Question 8.
Name any two Indus sites located in the Indian border?
Answer:

1. Ralibangan (Rajasthan)
2. Dholavira (Gujarat).

Question 9.
In Indus civilisation, which features you like the most? Why?
Answer:

1. I like the drainage system very much.
2. Most of the drains were covered with slabs or bricks. Even after nearly 5000 years many of the modern cities don’t have covered drains.
3. It is said that each house had its own soak pit, which collected all the sediments and allowed only the water to flow into the street drain. I like this system very much.

Question 10.
What instrument Is used nowadays to weigh things?
Answer:
Weighing scale or spring balance is used nowadays to weigh things.

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
What method is used to explore buried buildings nowadays?
Answer:

1. To see under the ground, the archaeologists may uSe a magnetic scanner.
2. The presence and absence of archaeological remains can be detected by Radar and Remote Sensing Method.

Question 2.
Why did the Indus civilization call Bronze age civilization?
Answer:
Indus civilisation is called Bronze age civilisation because it is a historical period characterized by the use of articles made of bronze.

Question 3.
Indus Civilisation is called urban civilisation. Give reason
Answer:
Indus Civilisation is called urban civilisation because

1. There was well-conceived town planning.
2. Astonishing masonry and architecture were found.
3. Priority was given for hygiene and public health.
4. They used Standardised weights and measures
5. They had solid agricultural and

Question 4.
Can you point out the special features of their drainage system?
Answer:

1. The cities had covered drains.
2. They were covered with slabs or bricks.
3. There were manholes at regular intervals to clean the drains.
4. Every house had its own soak pit, which collected all the sediments and allowed only the water to flow into the street drain.

Question 5.
What do you about great the great bath?
Answer:

1. The great bath was a large, rectangular tank in a courtyard. It may be the earliest example of a waterproof structure.
2. The bath was lined with bricks, coated with plaster and made watertight using layers of natural bitumen.
3. There were steps on the north and south leading into the tank.
4. There were rooms oh three sides.
5. Water was drawn from the well, located in the courtyard and drained out after use.

Question 6.
How do you know that Indus people traded with other countries?
Answer:

1. King Naram – sin of Akkadian empire has written about buying jewellery from the land of Melukha which is a region of the Indus valley.
2. The same types of seals found in Mesopotamia have been also found in the Indus area.
3. A naval dockyard has been discovered in Lothal in Gujarat. All these things show that Indus people traded with other countries.

VIII. HOTS:
Observe the following features of Indus Civilisation and compare that with the present day.
a. Lamppost
b. Burnt bricks
c. Underground drainage system
d. Weights and measurement
e. Dockyard
Answer:

(a) Lamp post

1. In Indus Valley archaeologists have discovered lamp posts at intervals. This suggests the existence of street lights.
2. Today street lighting commonly uses high intensity discharge lamps often HPS—high pressure sodium lamps.

(b) Burnt bricks

(i) In Harappan Civilization, the houses were built using baked bricks and ’mortar. Sun dried bricks were also used, Most of the bricks were of uniform size. They used the burnt bricks which were strong, hard, durable, resistant to fire and would not dissolve in water.

(ii) Even at present, brick is the most basic and favoured material for common construction through out the world. Nowadays bricks are available in different sizes and shapes. Kiln burnt bricks are used.

(c) Underground drainage system

(i) In Indus Civilization, they had covered drains. The drains were covered with slabs or bricks. Each drain had a gentle slope. Manholes were provided at regular intervals to clear the drain.

(ii) At present our cities and town are so populated and congested that conducting any infrastructural improvement over ground or underground is becoming difficult.

(d) Weights and measurement,

(i) Indus people used standardised weights and measures. They used sticks with marks to measure length.

(ii) In the modem world, we use electronic weighing machine to have accuracy in weighing. Floor scales and Platform scales are used in industries and small scale industries respectively.

(e) Dockyard

(i) A naval dockyard has been discovered in Lothal in Gujarath. It shows the maritime activities of the Indus people.

(ii) In modem days, there are may well developed ports in India. To quote a few, Chennai port, Kandla port, Tuticorin port, Cochin port, Paradip port etc.

Question 2.
Agriculture was one of their occupations. How can you prove this? (with the findings)
Answer:

1. Agriculture was one of their main occupations. They cultivated wheat, barley, millets, sesame and pulses.
2. There were granaries to store food grains. A granary has been discovered in a village in the state of Haryana. Ploughs have been unearthed. All these things show that agriculture was one of their occupations.

Question 3.
Many pottery and Its pieces have been discovered from Indus sites. What do you know from that?
Answer:

1. Pottery was practised using the potter’s wheel. It was well fired.
2. Potteries were red colour with beautiful designs in black.
3. The broken pieces of pottery have animal figures and geometric designs on it.
4. All these reveal the fact that the Indus people had very good artistic skill, colour concept and rich imagination.

Question 4.
A naval dockyard has been discovered in Lothal. What does it convey?
Answer:
A naval dockyard shows the maritime activities of the Indus people. It stands as a proof for their maritime trade.

Question 5.
Can you guess what happened to the Harappans?

1. By 1800 BCE, the Harappan culture had started declining.
2. It is assumed that the civilization met with

(a) repeated floods
(b) ecological changes
(c) invasions
(d) natural calamity
(e) climatic changes
(f) deforestation
(g) an epidemic might have disturbed the civilization.

IX. Student Activity :

Question 1.
Prepare a scrap book,
(Containing more information about objects collected from Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa.)
Hints :

(i) Mohenjo-Daro Findings – Notable Artefacts- seated and standing figures, copper and stone tools, balance scale and weighs, gold and Jasper jewellery, children Toys. The Dancing girl statue at National Museum, Delhi.

(ii) Harappan findings – seal with yogic picture representing Pashupathi toys, house hold implements, pottery displayed in Harappan gallery, National Museum, Delhi.

Question 2.
You arc a young archaeologist working at a site that was once an Indus city. What will you collect?
Hints:

1. As a young archaeologist with Indus site, will examine the artefacts found, followed by documenting and preserving them,
2. Compile the information collected with photos. Then analyses the findings from different angles with the help of

Question 3.
Crossword puzzle.

Top to Bottom

1. Director General of ASI
2.  _______ is older than Mohenjo-Daro
3. This is _______ age civilisation
4. Each house had a _______

Left to Right

1. Place used to store grains
2. A dockyard has been found
3. _______ is unknown to Indus people
4. It is used to make water tight.

Right to left

1. From this we can get lot of information
2. This is responsible for research

X. Rapid Fire Quiz (Do it in groups)

Question 1.
Which crop did Indus people use to make clothes?
Answer:
Cotton.

Question 2.
Which was the first Indus city discovered?
Answer:
Harappa.

Question 3.
Where was Indus Civilisation?
Answer:
Banks of River Indus.

Question 4.
Which animal was used to pull carts?
Answer:
OX, Buffalo.

Question 5.
Which metal was unknown to Indus people?
Answer:
Iron.

Question 6.
What was used to make pots?
Answer:
Potter’s wheel.

Question 7.
Which is considered the largest civilisation among four ancient civilisations of the
world?
Answer:
Indus Valley Civilization.

XI. Map work

1. Mark any four Indus sites located within the Indian border.
2. On the river map of India, colour the places where Indus civilisation spread.
3. Mark the following places in the given India map:

(a) Mohenjo-Daro
(b) Chanhudaro
(c) Harappa
(d) Mehergarh
(e) Lothal

XII. Answer Grid

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Indus Civilisation In-Text Question

Observe the picture and fill the tabular column.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Indus Civilisation Additional Question

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Indus valley civilization is great, because
(a) It had advanced sanitation and drainage system.
(b) Repeated floods affected this area.
(c) Indus people maintained a big army.
(d) They did not use iron
Answer:
(a) It had advanced sanitation and drainage system.

Question 2.
The assembly hall was located at ……………
(a) Harappa
(b) Mohenjo – Daro
(c) Lothal
(d) Kalibangan
Answer:
(b) Mohenjo – Daro

II. Match the statement with the Reason. Tick the appropriate answer:

Question 1.
Statement : Harappans knew the art of writing.
Reason : Harappans wrote on seals and pottery.
(a) Statement and Reason are correct
(b) Statement is correct, Reason is wrong.
(c) Statement is wrong, Reason is correct.
(d) Both statement and Resonance wrong
Answer:
(a) Statement and Reason are correct

Question 2.
Statement: The Harappan city had two planned areas.
Reason : Each house was with one or two storeys.
(a) Statement and Reason are correct
(b) Statement and Reason are wrong.
(c) Statement correct Reason wrong.
(d) Statement wrong Teason correct.
Answer:
(a) Statement and Reason are correct

Question 3.
Which one of the following is correct?

1. Indus valley civilisation is an urban civilisation.
2. In urban civilisatin people shift from rural areas to urban areas.
3. They live a settled life.

(a) (i) and (ii) are correct
(b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
(c) (i) and (iii) are correct
(d) (i), (ii), and (iii) are correct
Answer:
(d) (i), (ii), and (iii) are correct

Question 4.
Which Of the following statements about Mohenjodaro is correct.
(a) People led nomadic life.
(b) Hunting was the main occupation
(c) Well planned streets were there
(d) They did not have a script
Answer:
(c) Well planned streets were there

Question 5.
Consider the following statements.

1. Harappans used carts with spokeless solid wheels.
2. In Harappan society there were merchants, traders, and artisans.
3. Cotton fabrics were in common use.

Which of the above statements are correct.
(a) i and ii
(b) ii and iii
(c) i and iii
(d) all the three
Answer:
(d) all the three

Question 6.
Circle the odd one:
(a) Bangles
(b) Armlets
(c) Necklaces
(d) Seals
Answer:
(d) Seals

Question 7.
Find out the wrong pair.
(a) Lothal – Dockyard
(b) Janpath – New Delhi
(c) Mohenjodaro – Mound of dead
(d) Camelian – Pottery
Answer:
(d) Carnelian – Pottery

III. Fill in the blanks:

1. The archaeologists began to excavate the cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro in the ________
2. The word civilisation comes from the ancient Latin word ________
3. A huge public building found at Mohenjodaro was the ________
4. Lothal is situated on the banks of a tributary of ________
5. In Indus civilisation settlements were built on ________
6. The earliest form of writing was developed by the ________

Answer:

1. 1920s
2. Civis
3. assembly hall
4. sabarmathi
5. elevated
6. sumerians

IV. State True or False:

1. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) was started in 1924.
2. Indus Civilisation had covered 6 big cities. .
3. Mesopotamia was modem day Iraq, Kuwait and parts of Syria.
4. Bitumen is nothing but water-proof Tar

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. True
4. True

V. Match the following:

1. Charles Masson – (i) Neolithic
2. Mehergarh – (ii) First metal
3. Radar – (iii) Explorer
4. Copper – (iv) Remote sensing

Answer:

1. Charles Masson – (iii) Explorer
2. Mehergarh – (i) Neolithic
3. Radar – (iv) Remote sensing
4. Copper – (ii) First metal

VI. Answer in or two sentences :

Question 1.
Mention the importance of Rakhigarh village.
Answer:

1. Rakhigarh is a village in Haryana.
2. A granary with walls made of mud, bricks, which are still in a good condition, , has been discovered here.

Question 2.
Why did they use burnt bricks for construction?
Answer:
Burnt bricks are strong, hard, durable, to resistant to fire and will not dissolve in water or rain.

Question 3.
Who governed the Indus valley people?
Answer:
Historians believe that there existed a central authority that controlled planning of towns and overseas trade, maintenance of drainage and peace in the city.

Question 4.
Write a few sentences about pot making.
Answer:

1. The wheel was used in pot making.
2. Pots were burnt.
3. They were painted.
4. They drew figures of animals on the pots.

Question 5.
What is meant by Ziggurat?
Answer:

1. Ziggurat means temple.
2. In Mesopotami King Ur Nammu built Ziggurat in honour of the Moon God Sin.

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
How do archaeologists explore a lost city?
Answer:

1. Archaeologists study the physical objects such as bricks, stones or bits of broken pottery to ascertain the time that they belong to.
2. They search the ancient literary sources for references about the place.
3. They look at the aerial photographs to understand topography.
4. To see under the ground, they may use a magnetic scanner.

Question 2.
What do you understand by the excavation of granary in Indus Civilization?
Answer:

1. The granary was a massive building with a solid brick foundation.
2. They were used to store food grains.
3. The remains of wheat, barley, millets, sesame and pulses have been found here.
4. It shows that they had surplus grains.
5. To safeguard the grains stored with granary, the granary was built on a raised platform.
6. They should have had a good standard of agriculture.

Question 3.
Was there any leader in Mohenjodaro? Explain.
Answer:

1. A sculpture of a seated male has been un earthered in a building, with a head band on the forehead and a smaller ornament on the right upper arm.
2. His hair is carefully combed, and beard finely trimmed.
3. Two holes beneath the ears suggest that the head ornament might have been attached to the ear.
4. The left shoulder is covered with a shawl-like garment decorated with designs of flowers and rings.
5. This shawl pattern is used by people even today in those areas.

VIII. HOTS:

Question 1.
Why should we learn about the Indus Valley Civilization?
Answer:

1. The Indus Valley civilization was a Bronze Age civilization in the world.
2. It was the largest among the four ancient civilizations of the world.
3. At its peak, it might have had a population of over 5 million.
4. Till date over 1056 cities have been discovered.
5. Archaecologists first thought they had discovered cities of children since during excavation they found more and more of toys.
6. Britishers laid down 93 miles of railway track with 4,000 year old Indus Valley bricks.
7. They had the world’s first planned cities
8. Their sanitation systems and drainage systems were much advanced than any other ancient civilizations.
9. By learning about this civilization, we realise the richness of our ancient past

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Geography Solutions Term 2 Chapter 2 Tourism

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Tourism Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answer:

The Oldest Type Of Tourism Is Dash Question 1.
The oldest type of tourism is
(a) Religious
(b) Historical
(c) Adventure
(d) Recreational
Answer:
(a) Religious

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Books Answers Question 2.
In which state is the Kaziranga national park located.
(a) Rajasthan
(b) West Bengal
(c) Assam
(d) Gujarat
Answer:
(c) Assam

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Question 3.
Which one of the following is not a beach of India?
(a) Goa
(b) Cochin
(c) Kovalam
(d) Miami
Answer:
(d) Miami

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Books Social Science Question 4.
Which of the following is not a bird sanctuary in India?
(a) Nal sarovor in Gujarat
(b) Koonthakulam in Tamil Nadu
(c) Bharatpur in Rajasthan
(d) Kanha in Madhya pradesh
Answer:
(d) Kanha in Madhya pradesh

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Question 5.
In which district courtallam waterfalls is located?
(a) Dharmapuri
(b) Tirunelveli
(c) Namakkal
(d) Theni
Answer:
(b) Tirunelveli

II. Fill in the blanks

1. The three main components of tourism together known as _________
2. Gastronomy refers to an aspect of _________ tourism.
3. Suruli falls is also called as _________
4. The second largest urban beach is _________
5. Expansion of TAAJ _________

Answers:

1. A3 concept
2. cultural
3. cloud land falls (or) Meghamati falls
4. Marina beach
5. Travel Agents Association of India

III. Circle the Odd one

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Book Question 1.
Transport, Attraction, Accommodation, Amenities
Answer:
(Transport) Attraction, Accommodation, Amenities

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Book Answers Question 2.
Nainital, Shillong, Munnar, Digha
Answer:
Nainital, Shillong, Munnar, (Digha)

Oldest Type Of Tourism Question 3.
Corbett, Sundarbans, periyar, Mayani
Ans.
Corbett, Sundarbans, periyar, (Mayani)

Social Samacheer Kalvi 7th Question 4.
Hogenakal, Kumbakkari, Suruli, Kalakad
Answer:
Hogenakal, Kumbakkari, Suruli, (Kalakad)

The Oldest Type Of Tourism Question 5.
Rishikesh, ladakh, Gulmarg, Kotagiri
Answer:
Rishikesh, ladakh, Gulmarg, (Kotagiri)

IV. Match the following

1. Anamalai hills – West Bengal
2. Monkey falls – Goa
3. Darjeeling – Coimbatore
4. Nature’s Haven – Top slip
5. Aguda Beach – Javadi

Answers:

1. Anamalai hills – Top slip
2. Monkey falls – Coimbatore
3. Darjeeling – West Bengal
4. Nature’s Haven – Javadi
5. Aguda Beach – Goa

V. Consider the following statement and tick (✓) die appropriate answer

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 7th Social Science Question 1.
Assertion (A) : Tourism is an essential activity for the life Of the society.
Reason (R) : its direct impact on social cultural, education and economic sector of the nation.
(a) A and R are correct and A explains R
(b) A and R are correct but A does not explain R
(c) A is in correct but R is correct
(d) Both A and R are in Correct
Answer:
(a) A and R are correct and A explains R

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : One of the most popular beaches in Goa Calangute is a treat for the adventure sports activities.
Reason (R) : Foreigners throng the beaches
(a) A and R are correct and A explain R
(b) A and R are correct but A does not explain R
(c) A is incorrect but R is correct
(d) Both A and R are incorrect
Answer:
(a) A and R are correct and A explains R

VI. Answer the following briefly

Question 1.
Define Tourism.
Answer:

1. The word tourist was derived from an old English word “tourian” which refers to a person who travels out of his usual environment for not more than one year and less than 24 hours.
2. The purpose of travel may be religious, recreation, business, historical and cultural.

Question 2.
Write short note on ECO Tourism.
Answer:

1. Eco tourism typically involves travel, to destinations where plants and animals thrive in a naturally preserved environment.
2. Amazon rain forest, African forest safari, trekking in the slopes of Himalayas are the famous incredible Eco friendly attractions.

Question 3.
What are the basic elements of Tourism?
Answer:
Certain elements are fundamental to attract tourists as travel destinations. They are:

1. Pleasant weather
2. Scenic beauty
3. Historical and cultural monuments

Question 4.
Name any five hill stations in India.
Answer:

1. Kodaikanal, Ooty
2. Namital, Mussoorie
3. Darjeeling
4. Gulmarg
5. Shillong

Question 5.
Name any five beaches in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:

1. Kanyakumari beach
2. Rameshwaram beach
3. Golden beach
4. Elliot beach
5. Mahabalipuram beach

VII. Distinguish between

Question 1.
International Tourism and Historical Tourism
Answer:
International Tourism:

1. International tourism refers to tourism that crosses national borders
2. Globalization has made tourism a popular global leisure activity.

Historical Tourism

1. Historical tourism is primarily focused upon historical places.
2. The individuals make visits to these places with the purpose of leisure as well as acquiring information.

Question 2.
Religious Tourism and Adventure Tourism
Answer:
Religious Tourism:

1. Religious tourism is one of the oldest type of tourism, wherein people travel individually or in groups for pilgrimage to a religious location such as temples, churches, mosques and other religious places.
2. Religious tour to Kasi (Varanasi) by Hindus, to Jerusalem by Christians and to Mecca by Muslims are few of the examples for religious tourism.

Adventure Tourism:

1. Adventure tourism is a type of tourism involving travel to remote or exotic places in order to take part in physica 11 y challenging outdoor activities
2. For e.g. sky dive in Australia, Bungee jumping in New Zealand, mountaineering in the peaks of Himalayas, rafting in the Brahmaputra River at Arunachala Pradesh.

Question 3.
Attraction and Accessibility
Answer:
Attraction:

1. Attractions mainly comprise of two types such as: Natural attraction, Cultural attraction
2. Natural attraction includes landscape, seascape, beaches, climatic condition and forests. Cultural attraction are historic monuments and other intellectual creations. Apart from this, cultural attractions also includes fairs and festivals.

Accessibility:

1. Accessibility means reachability to a particular place of attraction through various means of transportation such as road, rail, water and air
2. Transport decides the cost of travel and the time consumed in reaching or accessing a specific attraction.

VIII. Answer the following questions in detail

Question 1.
Explain the Geographical components of Tourism.
Answer:
(i) Landforms : Mountains, Plateaus, Canyons, Valleys, Caves, Cirques, Sand dunes, Coral reefs, Cliffs, etc.,
(ii) Water: Rivers, Lakes, Waterfalls, Hot springs and Geysers, Snow and Glacier, Water Currents, Tides and Waves.
(iii) Vegetation : Forest, Grasslands, Moors, Deserts etc.,
(iv) Climate: Sunshine, Clouds, Admirable Temperature, Rain and Snow.
(v) Animal life :-
(a) Wildlife : Birds, Game Reserves, Zoos.
(b) Hunting and Fishing
(vi) Settlement features:-
(a) Towns, Cities, Villages
(b) Historical remains and Monuments
(vii) Culture:-Ways of life, traditions, folklore, arts and crafts.

Question 2.
Write briefly about the waterfalls in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:

1. Mountains and rivers of Tamil Nadu combined together created many endearing waterfalls.
2. Waterfalls in Tamil Nadu with its inspiring natural wonders attracts many tourists. A trek amidst thick green trees, steep hills and a bath in the gushing water is most rejuvenating.
3. Here is the list of famous water falls of Tamil Nadu.

Question 3.
Describe the Environment Impact of Tourism.
Answer:
Environmental Impact of Tourism
The quality of the environment is essential for tourism. The tourism industry created several positive and negative impacts on the environment.

Positive Impacts:

1. Direct financial Contributions
2. Contributions to government revenues
3. Improved environmental management and planning
4. Increasing environmental awareness
5. Protection and reservation of environment

Negative Impacts

1. Depletion of Natural Resources

1. Water resources
2. Local resources
3. Land degradation

2. Pollution

1. Air and Noise Pollution
2. Solid Waste and Litering
3. Sewage

3. Destruction and Alteration of Eco system

1. Air
2. Water
3. Soil

IX. Hots

Question 1.
Why do we like sightseeing so much?
Answer:

1. Sightseeing is considered to be one of the most important activities a tourist chooses to take part on reaching a destination.
2. Sightseeing gives the tourist a chance to know a destination and experience it.
3. Some people like adventures and to escape their normal monotonous life.
4. So some people like sightseeing so much.

Question 2.
What are the ways to protect the sanctuaries?
Answer:

1. Adopt: From wild animals to wild places, there’s an option for everyone.
2. Volunteer : if you don’t have money to give, donate your time.
3. Visit zoos, aquariums, national parks and wildlife refuges are all home to wild animals.
4. Donate
5. Speak up
6. Buy responsibility
7. Pitch in
8. Recycle
9. Restore
10. Join

Question 3.
List any five reasons for travelling.
Answer:

1. We travel to learn, whether its learning a new language or learning about an area’s history, travel allows us to learn so many different things.
2. We travel to escape. Travel provides a momentary break from the humdrum of our daily lives.
3. We travel to discover.
4. We travel to make new friends.
5. We travel to experience.

X. Activity

• This activity should be done by students under the supervision of the subject teacher.
• The students are grouped with six members in a group.
• Each student will discuss in the group about their last tour. Each group will collect photographs and information.
• The information will be shared in the class as well as displayed on the notice board of the class room.

Answer:
Activity to be done by the students themselves

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Tourism Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
________ are historic monuments and other intellectual creations.
(a) Natural attraction
(b) Cultural attraction
(c) Social attraction
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Cultural attraction

Question 2.
Tajmahal of India and Pyramids of Egypt are the examples of
(a) Historical Tourism
(b) Cultural tourism
(c) Eco-tourism
(d) Adventure tourism
Answer:
(a) Historical Tourism

Question 3.
Gastronomy refers to an aspect of
(a) Religious tourism
(b) Cultural tourism
(c) Historical tourism
(d) Eco-tourism
Answer:
(b) Cultural tourism

Question 4.
________ attract attention for their exclusive variety of birds.
(a) Bird sanctuaries
(b) Wildlife sanctuaries
(c) Both ‘a’ and ‘b’
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Bird sanctuaries

Question 5.
Push factors in Tourism are
(a) Amenities
(b) Accessibility
(c) Prestige
(d) Attraction
Answer:
(c) Prestige

Question 6.
_______ earns the largest share of income from tourism in India.
(a) Kerala
(b) Goa
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Tamil Nadu
Answer:
(d) Tamil Nadu

Question 7.
Suruli Falls is located in ________ district.
(a) Namakkal
(b) Tirunelveli
(c) Theni
(d) Dharmapuri
Answer:
(c) Theni

Question 8.
________ is a lovely place to hand around with friends, families and kids.
(a) Beach
(b) Temple
(c) Park
(d) Sanctuary
Answer:
(a) Beach

Question 9.
________ is a country known for its gentle (or) hospitality to all visitors.
(a) USA
(b) UK
(c) London
(d) India
Answer:
(d) India

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. _______ has become an important source of income for many regions.
2. _______ type of tourism aims at enjoyment, amusement or pleasure are mainly for fun activity.
3. _______ is a very important factor in tourism.
4. Few of the amazing waterfalls are in swing during the _______ season.
5. Pull factors in Tourism are _______
6. _______ in Tamil Nadu with its inspiring natural wonders attracts many tourists.
7. The tourism industry created several positive and negative impacts on the _______

Answers:

1. Tourism
2. Recreational tourism
3. Scenic attraction
4. Monsoonj
5. Amenitiesl
6. Waterfalls
7. environment

III. Circle the Odd one

Question 1.
Religious tourism, Cultural tourism, Adventure tourism, Environment
Answer:
Religious tourism, Cultural tourism, Adventure tourism, [Environment]

Question 2.
Mountains, Sunshine, Canyons, Valleys
Answer:
Mountains, [Sunshine], Canyons, Valleys

Question 3.
Forest, Grasslands, Clouds, Moors
Answer:
Forest, Grasslands, [Clouds], Moors

Question 4.
Water resources, Local resources, Land degradation, Amusement park
Answer:
Water resources, Local resources, Land degradation, [Amusement park]

III. Match the following

Question 1.

1. Natural attraction – (a) Sand dunes
2. Cultural attraction – (b) Grasslands
3. Landforms – (c) Rain and snow
4. Vegetation – (d) Historic monuments
5. Climate – (e) Landscape

Answers:

1. – e
2. – d
3. – a
4. – b
5. – c

Question 2.

1. Amritsar – (a) Kerala
2. Darjeeling – (b) Uttarakhand
3. Munnar – (c) Maharashtra
4. Corbeti National Park – (d) West Bengal
5. Mayani Bird Sanctuary – (e) Punjab

Answers:

1. – e
2. – d
3. – a
4. – b
5. – c

IV. Consider the following statements: Tick the appropriate answer

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : Recreational Tourism aims at enjoyment, amusement or pleasure are mainly for fun activity.
Reason (R) : India is a country known for its gentle hospitality with spicy food and culture.
(a) A and R are correct and A explain R
(b) A and R are correct but A does not explain R
(c) A is in correct but R is correct
(d) Both A and R are in Correct
Answer:
(b) A and R are correct but A does not explain R

V. Answer in one or two sentences

Question 1.
What are the types of tourism?
Answer:
Types of Tourism:

• Religious tourism
• Cultural tourism
• Historical tourism
• Eco-Tourism
• Adventure tourism
• Recreational tourism

Question 2.
Write a short note on Historical tourism.
Answer:
It focuses on visiting historically important places like museums, monuments archaeological areas, forts, temples and so on. Angkorwat of Cambodia, Tajmahal of India and Pyramids of Egypt are some of the examples to quote for Historical Tourism

Question 3.
Write a note on

1. Inbound Tourism
2. Outbound Tourism

Answer:

1. Inbound Tourism : Touring within the native country.
2. Outbound Tourism : Touring in foreign countries.

Question 4.
What is game reserves?
Answer:
Game Reserves : An area of land set aside for the protection of wild animals.

Question 5.
List any four famous religious spots of India.
Answer:

• Rameswaram – TamilNadu
• Kanchipuram – Tamil Nadu
• Varanasi(Kasi) – Uttarpradesh
• Saranath – Uttarpradesh

Question 6.
WrIte the abbreviation of

1. ITC
2. IATA
3. TAAI
4. TTDC

Answer:

1. ITC – Inclusive Tour Charter
2. IATA – International Air Transport Association
3. TAAI – Travel Agents Association of India
4. TTDC – Tamil Nadt Tourism Development Corporation

Question 7.
What is Wildlife and Bird Sanctuaries?
Answer:
India possesses a wide range of forests and grasslands. Diversity of these lands makes it one of the hotspot for flora and fauna. The dense and dark forest of Indian States provides suitable habitat for a wide and an unique variety of animals and birds.

Bird sanctuaries attract attention for their exclusive variety of birds. Diverse range of climate of India invite birds from remote places to feed, breed and to nurture their young ones in the Indian bird sanctuaries.

Question 8.
Answer:
Write any four bird sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu.

VI. Answer the following in detail

Question 1.
What are the basic components of tourism? Briefly explain it.
Answer:
The three main components of tourism are

• Attraction
• Accessibility
• Amenities.

These three components are together known as A3 concept.

Attraction:
Attractions mainly comprise of two types such as:

• Natural attraction
• Cultural attraction

Accessibility:
Accessibility means reachability to a particular place of attraction through various means of transportation such as road, rail, water and air. Transport decides the cost of travel and the time consumed in reaching or accessing a specific attraction.

Amenities:
Amenities are the facilities that cater to the needs of a tourist.

1. Accommodations in terms of hotels, restaurants, cafes and other staying units.
2. Travel organizers, Tour operators and Travel Agents
3. Foreign exchange centres, passport and visa agencies
4. Sectors related to Travel Insurance, Safety and Security

Question 2.
Explain the tourism attractions in India.
Answer:

1. India is a country known for its gentle hospitality with spicy food and culture.
2. Visitor friendly traditions with varied life style, culture, heritage, colourful fairs and festivals are abiding attractions for the tourists.
3. All types of land form, varied climate, rich resources for eco and adventure tourism are the versatile specialty of India.
4. Technological parks and science museums, pilgrimage centers with wonderful art and architecture are an added advantage for tourists.
5. Yoga, Ayurveda and Natural remedial Health resorts attract tourists from all over the world.

Question 3.
Briefly Explain Waterfall in India.
Answer:
In India there are many spectacular and wonderful waterfalls covered by dense forest, huge walls of rock and lush green trees. Among these waterfalls, some are seasonal, while some are perennial. Few of the amazing waterfalls are in swing during the monsoon season. This season brings lot of tourists to these bubbling waterfall sites. Notable waterfalls of India are given below:

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 5 Living World of Animals

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Living World of Animals Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the appropriate answer

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 6th Science Question 1
The study of living things or organisms is called _______
(a) Psychology
(b) Biology
(c) Zoology
(d) Botany
Answer:
(b) Biology

The World Of Animals Class 6 Question 2
Which of the following are characteristics of living beings?
i. Respiration
ii. Reproduction
iii. Adaptation
iv. Excretion
Choose the correct sequence
a. i, ii, and iv only
b. i, ii only
c. ii and iv only
d. i, iv, ii and iii
Answer:
d. i, iv, ii and iii

Living World Of Animals For Class 6 Question 3
Lizards breathe through their _______
(a) Skin
(b) Gills
(c) Lungs
(d) Trachea
Answer:
(c) Lungs

Samacheerkalvi.Guru 6th Science Question 4
All animals need
a. Food and water only
b. Water only
c. Air, food and water
d. Food only
Answer:
d. Air, food and water

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Solutions Question 5.
Which animal has the special organs of breathing called gills?
(a) Earthworm
(b) Fox
(c) Fish
(d) Frog
Answer:
(c) Fish

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Standard Science Question 6.
Choose the set that represents only biotic components of a habitat
a. Tiger, Deer, Grass, Soil
b. Rocks, Soil, Plants, Air
c. Sand, Turtle, Crab, Rocks
d. Aquatic plant, Fish, Frog, Insects
Answer:
d. Aquatic plant, Fish, Frog, Insects

Samacheer Kalvi.Guru 6th Science Question 7.
Which of the following cannot be called as a habitat?
(a) A desert with camels
(b) A pond with fish and snails
(c) Cultivated land with grazing cattle
(d) Ajungle with wild animals
Answer:
(c) Cultivated land with grazing cattlel

Living World Of Animals Question 8.
Birds fly in the air with the help of
a. heavy and strong Bones
b. Soft and thick Bones
c. Hollow and light Bones
d. Flat and thick Bones
Answer:
c. Hollow and Light Bones

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Question 9.
Paramecium moves from one place to other with the help of _______
(a) Pseudopodia
(b) Flagella
(c) Foot
(d) Cilia
Answer:
(d) Cillai

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 6th Science Book Back Answers Question 10.
Kangaroo rat lives in
a. Aquatic habitat
b. Desert habitat
c. Grassland habitat
d. Mountain habitat
Answer:
b. Desert habitat

II. Multiple Choice Questions.

Complete the following with appropriate word(s).

1. Aquatic, deserts, mountains are called _______
2. Based on the number of cells present, animals are classified into _______ and _______
3. Tail of a bird acts as a rudder which helps to .
4. Amoeba moves with the help of _______

Answers:

1. Habitats
2. unicellular, multicellular
3. control the direction of the movements
4. Pseudopodia (false foot)

III. True or False, If False gives the correct answer.

Samacheer Kalvi Science 6th Standard Question 1.
Habitat is a living or dwelling place of an organism.
Answer:
True.

Samacheer Guru 6th Science Question 2.
The geographical features and environmental conditions on earth remain same from one place to other.
Answer:
False. The geographical features and environmental conditions on earth differ from one place to other.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Book Question 3.
Amoeba is a unicellular organism and moves with pseudopodia.
Answer:
True.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Book Back Answers Question 4.
Birds can see only one object at a time.
Answer:
False. Birds can see two objects at a time. (Binocular vision)

Kalvi Guru 6th Science Question 5.
Paramoecium is a multicelluar organism.
Answer:
False. Paramoecium is a unicelluar organism.

IV. Complete the following.

1. Tropical rain forests, grasslands and deserts are known as _______
2. Some living things are made of a single cell, they are called _______ organism.
3. The breathing organ of a fish is known as _______
4. The lizard _______ on the ground with its claw on its feet.
5. Camel stores _______ in its hump.

Answers:

1. Habitats
2. unicellular
3. gills
4. moves
5. fat

V. Very Short Answer Questions.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 6th Standard Science Question 1.
How do the birds catch their prey?
Answer:
a. The prey catching process depends on their types.
b. The aquatic birds with the help of their beaks get their prey sliding upside down into the water.
c. The birds of paddy fields get small insects with the help of sharp claws of their limbs.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 6 Science Question 2.
Where can we see Camels in India?
Answer:
We can see Camels in Rajasthan.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru Science 6th Question 3.
Name the locomotary organ of an amoeba.
Answer:
Amoeba with the help of finger like projection called pseudo podia move from place to place.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Book Solutions Question 4.
What are the body parts of a snake?
Answer:
Head, eyes, nostrils, mouth, belly, tail.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Solution Question 5.
Which structure helps the bird to change its direction while flying in air?
Answer:
The tail helps the bird to change its direction while flying in air.

VI. Short Answer Type Questions.

Question 1.
Differentiate between Unicellularand Multicellular organisms.
Answer:
Unicellular Organisms:

1. They are made up of single cell.
2. They can perform all the functions of life.
3. They are very small (microscopic) in size
4. They lack tissues, organs and organ systems
5. Growth occurs by an increase in the size of the cell.
6. Eg. Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena.

Mukkellubr Organisms

1. They are made up of many cells.
2. Different cells perform different functions.
3. They are mostly large in size. They are seen through naked eyes.
4. They are composed of tissues, and organ yems.
5. Growth occurs by an increase in the number of cells by cell division.
6. Eg. Earthworms, Fish, Frogs, Lizard and Human being.

Question 2.
Write the adaptive features of Polar bear and Penguin.
Answer:

Question 3.
Mention the feature that help a bird to fly in the air.
Answer:

1. The streamlined body shape.
2. Their forelimbs are modified into wings.
3. They have hollow and light bones for easy flying.
4. The body of the birds are covered with feathers.

Question 4.
What are the different types of invertebrates?
Answer:

1. Sponges (Porifera)
2. Comb jellies (Ctenophora)
3. Hydras, jellyfishes, sea anemones, and corals (Cnidaria)
4. Starfishes, sea urchins, sea cucumbers (Echinodermata)
5. Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)
6. Round or threadworms (Nematoda)
7. Earthworms and leeches (Annelida)
8. Insects and arachnids (Arthropoda)
9. Snails, and octopuses (Mollusca)

VII. Answer in detail.

Question 1.
Describe the various features which help camel dwell well in the desert?
Answer:

1. The long leg of camel helps to keep its body away from the desert.
2. Camel will drink large amount of water and store it in the body.
3. Camel produce only small quantity of urine.
4. The stored fat in the hump can break down for nourishment
5. A camel has large and flat padded feet which helps in walking easily on soft sand.
6. The long eyelashes and hairs protect its eyes and ears from flowing dust.
7. It can keep its nostrils closed to avoid dust.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Living World of Animals Intext Activities

Activity 1

Look at the above picture and prepare a chart for the following interpretation.
How does the climate differ in these habitats?
Name some animals that exist in these habitats.
Can an animal survive if it is shifted from one habitat to another contrasting habitat?
Answer:
In terrestrial habitat, the temperature is more. In water habitat, the temperature is less.
(i) Terrestrial habitat animals : Cow, Rabbit, Lizard.
(ii) Water habitat animals : Duck, fish.
No. For example, in the water habitat fish can live in. But in terrestrial habitat, it cannot survive, because of the adaptation.

Activity 2

Question 1.
Collect the pictures of various ecosystems like lake, pond, forest, desert, mountains, and Polar regions and prepare a chart of animals in these places.
Answer:
Activity to be done by the students themselves

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Science Living World of Animals Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
Which is not a biotic community among the following?
(a) Plants
(b) Birds
(c) Air
(d) Elephant
Answer:
(c) Air

Question 2.
The locomotory organ of amoeba,
(a) pseudopodia
(b) cilia
(c) flagella
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) pseudopodia

Question 3.
Jurong Birds Park is located in
(a) America
(b) Singapore
(c) Japan
(d) Germany
Answer:
(b) Singapore

Question 4.
The animal that never drinks water,
(a) rat
(b) cat
(c) dog
(d) cow
Answer:
(a) rat

Question 5.
Lizards walk with four legs and it is known as .
(a) Bipedal
(b) Tripedal
(c) Monopedal
(d) quadripedal
Answer:
(d) quadripedal

Question 6.
Vedanthangal is ………. sanctuary
(a) Birds sanctuary
(b) Tiger sanctuary
(c) Elephant sanctuary
(d) Deer sanctuary
Answer:
(a) Birds sanctuary

Question 7.
Movement of animals to a different location due to seasonal change is called
(a) Hibernation
(b) Aestivat ion
(c) Migration
(d) Adaptation
Answer:
(c) Migration

Question 8.
_______ can live for many days without drinking water.
(a) Dog
(b) Elephant
(c) Cow
(d) Camel
Answer:
(d) Camel

Question 9.
Camel passes _______ amount of urine.
(a) small
(b) large
(c) moderate
(d) too large
Answer:
(a) small

II. Complete the following.

1. Living things are made of small units called ________
2. Organisms that are made of many cells are called ________
3. Unicellular Organisms are small, usually ________ nature, and cannot be seen with naked eye.
4. In Amobea ________ help in excretion.
5. The fish has fins for ________
6. ________ have web in the toes and able to glide or parachute the air and make soft landings.
7. Birds have streamlined body covered with ________
8. ________ is called the Ship of the Desert.

Answers:

1. Cells
2. multi cellular organisms
3. microscopics
4. Contractile vacuoles
5. Swimming
6. Dinosaurs
7. feathers
8. Camel

III. True of false. If false give the correct answer.

Question 1.
Fishes are unicellular organism.
Answer:
False. Fishes are multicellular organism.

Question 2.
In Amoeba, reproduction is by simple diffusion through the body surface.
Answer:
False. In Amoeba, respiration is by simple diffusion through the body surface.

Question 3.
In unicellular organisms, the growth occurs by an increase in the size of the cell.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
The streamlined body shape of fish helps it to move through the water easily.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Some fishes have the capacity to rotate the head around the head joint.
Answer:
False. Some lizards have the capacity to rotate the head around the head joint.

Question 6.
Movement of animals to different locations due to the season changes is said to be adaptation.
Answer:
False. Movement of animals to different locations due to the season changes is said to be Migration.

Question 7.
Spending the hot and dry period in an inactive state is known as Aestivation.
Answer:
True.

IV. Match the following.

Question 1.

1. Polar bear – (a) Strong hooves for running, long hair to protect from cold
2. Penguin – (b) Strong and fast runner has sharp claws to catch prey
3. Mountain goat – (c) Paddle to swim, walk with two legs
4. Lion – (d) Thick skin for protection, white fur

Answer:

1. d
2. c
3. a
4. b

Question 2.

1. Bird – (a) stores water in the body
2. Fish – (b) rotates its head around the head joint
3. Lizard – (c) wings that are modified forelimbs
4. Camel – (d) gills as respiratory organ lAns

Answer:

1. – c
2. – d
3. – b
4. – a

V. Complete the given analogy.

Question 1.
Fish : Water : : Elephant: _______
Answer:
Land

Question 2.
Euglena: Flagellum
_______ : Paramecium
Answer:
Cilia

Question 3.
Euglena: unicellular organism.
_______ : Multicellular organism
Answer:
Man

Question 4.
Fish respiratory organ : Gills
Bird’s Breathing organ: _______
Answer:
Lungs

Question 5.
Fins: Fish
Feather: _______
Answer:
Bird

Question 6.
Turtle: Hibernation
_______ : Aestivation
Answer:
Snail

Question 7.
Beak: Bird’s mouth
_______ : Fat stored in Camel.
Answer:
Hump

V. Short Answers.

Question 1.
List the locomotory organ of unicellular organisms.
Answer:

1. Protozoa – pseudopodia
2. Paramecium – cilia
3. Euglena – flagellum

Question 2.
List any two differences between Paramecium and Euglena.
Answer:
Paramecium:

1. Its locomotory organ is cilia
2. Absence of chloroplast

Euglena:

1. Its locomotory organ is fiagelhun
2. Presence of chloroplast

Question 3.
What is meant by aestivation?
Answer:
Spending the hot and dry period in an inactive state is known as aestivation. (eg) Snail.

Question 4.
Mention the important adaptive features of fish.
Answer:
Gills is the respiratory organ of fish. It helps to absorb oxygen dissolved in water for breathing and not from the atmosphere. It is the adaptive feature of fish.

Question 5.
What is Binocular vision.
Answer:
At a time birds can see one object with one eye and another object with the other eye is. known binocular vision.

Question 6.
Define – Migration.
Answer:
When an animals moves its location as the season changes it is said to be Migration.

Question 7.
Which is called as ship of the desert? Why it is called so?
Answer:
Camel is called as ship of the desert.
A camel has large and flat padded feet which help it to walk easily on soft sand.

Question 8.
From which countries many birds migrate to our Vedanthangal?
Answer:
There are many birds from foreign countries like Siberia and Russia migrate to our Vedanthangal.

VII. Long Answer.

Question 1.
Describe various adaptive features of birds.
Answer:

1. Birds have streamlined body covered with feathers.
2. This body shape provides minimum resistance to air.
3. They have beak instead of mouth.
4. They breathe through lungs.
5. They have hollow and light bones.
6. The tail of the bird helps it to control the direction of the movements.
7. They have strong chest muscles.
8. They have binocular vision.

Question 2.
List the adaptation present in the lizard.
Answer:

1. Lizards have strong four limbs.
2. Lizards have the capacity to rotate the head around the head joint.
3. They respire through lungs.
4. Lizards have teeth adapted for grabbing and holding.
5. Some lizards have web in the toes and are able to glide or parachute the air and make soft landings.