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Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Solutions Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent
Get the Questions and Answers, in Tamilnadu State Board 11th Commerce Solutions for Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent. Learn the concepts of 11th Commerce Chapter-Wise by referring to the Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent Questions and Answers. Hence we suggest the students to Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf to enhance your knowledge.
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers
I. Choose the Correct Answer
11th Commerce Chapter 1 Question 1.
The place where the goods are sold is ……………
(a) Angadi
(b) Market
(c) Nalangadi
(d) Allangadi
Answer:
(a) Angadi
Trade And Commerce Was Common To Dynasty Question 2.
Hindrance of place is removed by ……………
(a) Transport
(b) Warehouse
(c) Salesman
(d) Insurance
Answer:
(a) Transport
11th Commerce 1st Chapter Question 3.
Who wrote “Arthasasthra”?
(a) Kautilya
(b) Chanakiya
(c) Thiruvalluvar
(d) Elangovadigal
Answer:
(a) Kautilya
Trade And Commerce Was Common To Dash Dynasty Question 4.
Trade and Commerce was common to …………… Dynasty.
(a) Pallava
(b) Chola
(c) Pandiya
(d) Chera
Answer:
(c) Pandiya
Historical Background Of Commerce Question 5.
…………… was first sultan who paved way in the dense forest and helped traders to move from one market place to others place for their commercial caravans.
(a) Balban
(b) Vasco da Gama
(c) Akbar
(d) Alauddin Khilji
Answer:
(a) Balban
II. Very Short Answer Questions
Samacheer Kalvi Guru 11th Commerce Question 1.
What is meant by Barter system?
Answer:
Goods were exchanged for goods prior to invention of money.
Question 2.
What is meant by Nalangadi?
Answer:
The place where the goods were sold was called ‘Angadi’ in the Pandiya period. Day market was called as Nalangadi.
Question 3.
What is meant by Allangadi?
Answer:
The night market was called as Allangadi according to Saint Poet Ilango in Silapathigaram, Madurai-Kanchi.
III. Short Answer Questions
Question 1.
Explain the meaning of the term “Vanigam”.
Answer:
The word ‘Vanigam’ has been widely used in Sangam literature like Purananuru and Thirukkural. The earliest trading population of India was Indus valley people, who used the word ‘trade’. The word vaniyam or vanipam would have had a Dravidian origin.
Question 2.
State the meaning of Maruvurapakkam and Pattinapakkam.
Answer:
Big cities like Poompuhar had the ‘Maruvurappakam’ (inland town) and ‘Pattinapakkam’ (coastal town), had market and bazaars where many merchants met one another for the purpose of selling or buying different kinds of commodities and food stuff.
Question 3.
What is the role of Sangam in trade development of ancient Tamil Nadu?
Answer:
Sangam work refers to great traders, their caravans, security force, markets, marts and guilds of such great traders.
Question 4.
What are the ports developed by Pandiya kingdom?
Answer:
Port towns like Tondi, Korkai, Puhar and Muziri were always seen as busy with marts and markets with activities related to imports and exports. In such a brisk trade, people of the coastal region, engaged themselves in coastal trade and developed their intercontinental trade contacts.
Question 5.
What was focused in Arthasasthra about creation of wealth?
Answer:
Arthasasthra focused on creation of wealth as the means to promote the well being of the state. Kautilya advocated maintenance of perfect balance between State management and people’s welfare through trading activities.
IV. Long Answer Questions
Question 1.
What are the hindrances of business?
Answer:
Hindrances of business:
1. Hindrance of Person: Manufacturers do not know the place and face of the consumers. It is the retailer who knows the taste, preference and location of the consumers. The chain of middlemen consisting of wholesalers, agents and retailers establish the link between the producers and consumers.
2. Hindrance of Place: Production takes place in one centre and consumers are spread throughout the country and world. Rail, air, sea and land transports bring the products to the place of consumer.
3. Hindrance of Time: Consumers want products whenever they have money, time and willingness to buy. Goods are produced in anticipation of such demands.
4. Hindrance of risk of deterioration in quality: Proper packaging and modern air conditioned storage houses ensure that there is no deterioration in quality of products.
5. Hindrance of risk of loss: Fire, theft, floods and accidents may bring huge loss to the business.
6. Hindrance of knowledge: Advertising and communication help in announcing the arrival of new products and their uses to the people.
7. Hindrance of exchange: Money functions as a medium of exchange and enables the buying and selling of any product or service by payment of the right price.
8. Hindrance of finance: Producers and traders may not have the required funds at the time of their need.
9. Hindrance of developing the exact product: Research and development helps in developing the exact product or service which can satisfy the specific wants of consumers and thus improve the standard of living of the people.
10. Hindrance of both selection and delivery at doorsteps: E – Commerce enables the consumer to select the product in the website, place online orders and make payment after receiving the product at the doorstep.
Question 2.
State the constraints in barter system.
Answer:
1. Lack of double coincidence of Wants: Unless two persons who have surplus have the demand for the goods possessed by each other, baiter could not materialize. If this “coincidence of wants” does not exist, Barter cannot take place.
2. Non – existence of common measure of value: Barter system could not determine the value of commodities to be exchanged as they lacked commonly acceptable measures to evaluate each and every commodity.
3. Lack of direct contact between producer and consumers: It was not possible for buyers and sellers to meet face to face in many contexts for exchanging the commodities for commodities.
4. Lack of surplus stock: Absence of surplus stock was one of the impediments in barter system. If the buyers and sellers do not have surplus then no barter was possible.
Question 3.
Explain the development of Commerce and Trade in North India.
Answer:
India was prosperous even during the medieval period from 12th to 16th centuries despite political upheavals. Balban was the first sultan who paved the way in the dense forest and helped traders and their commercial caravans to move from one market place to others. Allauddin Khilji brought the price to a very low ebb. He encouraged import of foreign goods from Persia and subsidised the goods.
Arabs were dominant players in India’s foreign trade. They never discouraged Indian traders like Tamils, Gujaratis, etc. The trade between the coastal ports were in the hands and Marwaris and Gujiratis, The overland trade with central and west Asia was in the hands of Multanis who were Hindus and Khurasanis who were Afghans, Iranians and so on.
Question 4.
Briefly explain the coastal trade in ancient Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
Big cities like Poompuhar had the ‘Maruvurappakam’ (inland town) and ‘Pattinapakkam’ (coastal town), had market and bazaars where many merchants met one another for the purpose of selling or buying different kinds of commodities and food stuff. Port towns like Tondi, Korkai, Puhar and Muziri were always seen as busy with marts and markets with activities related to imports and exports. In such a brisk trade, people of the coastal region, engaged themselves in coastal trade and developed their intercontinental trade contacts.
They were engaged in different kinds of fishing pearls, and conches and produced salts and built ships. Boats like ‘Padagu’, ‘Thimil’, ‘Thoni’, ‘Ambu’, ‘Odampunai’, etc., were used to cross rivers for domestic trade while ‘Kalam’, ‘Marakalam’, ‘Vangam’, ‘Navai’, etc., were used for crossing oceans for foreign trade.
Question 5.
What do you know about the overseas trading partners of ancient Tamil Nadu?
Answer:
Foreigners who transacted business were known as Yavanars. Arabs who traded with Tamil were called ‘Jonagar’. Pattinappalai praised Kaveripumpattinam as a city where various foreigners of high civilization speaking different languages assembled to transact business with the support of the then Kingdom.
Many ports were developed during the Sangam period. Kaveripumpattinam was the chief port of the Kingdom of Cholas while Nagapattinam, Marakannam, Arikamedu, etc., were other small ports on east coast. Similarly, Pandiyas developed Korkai, Saliyur, Kayal, Marungaurpattinam and Kumari for foreign trade. The State Govertments installed check posts to collect customs along the highways and the ports.
Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent Additional Questions and Answers
I. Choose the Correct Answer:
Question 1.
…………….. is part and parcel of human life.
(a) Commerce
(b) Banking
(c) Insurance
(d) Warehousing
Answer:
(a) Commerce
Question 2.
…………….. means exchange of goods for goods.
(a) Insurance
(b) Money
(c) Barter System
(d) Transport
Answer:
(c) Barter System
Question 3.
Commerce activities are heading for a cashless system through ……………..
(a) e – commerce
(b) banking
(c) insurance
(d) warehousing
Answer:
(a) e – commerce
Question 4.
…………….. in Sangam period was both internal and external.
(a) Sales
(b) Education
(c) Industry
(d) Trade
Answer:
(d) Trade
Question 5.
Day market was called as ……………..
(a) Nalangadi
(b) Angadi
(c) Business
(d) Trade
Answer:
(a) Nalangadi
Question 6.
Night market was called as ……………..
(a) Allangadi
(b) Street store
(c) Shop
(d) Maligai
Answer:
(a) Allangadi
Question 7.
Which is called as sleepless city?
(a) Chennai
(a) Allangadi
(c) Tuticorin
(d) Salem
Answer:
(a) Allangadi
Question 8.
Boats like …………….. were used to cross rivers for domestic trade.
(a) Fishings
(b) Kalam
(c) Marakalam
(d) Thimil
Answer:
(d) Thimil
Question 9.
Boats like …………….. were used for crossing oceans for foreign trade.
(a) Vangam
(b) Thimil
(c) Ambu
(d) Thoni
Answer:
(a) Vangam
Question 10.
…………….. was the chief port of the Kingdom of Cholas.
(a) Marakannam
(b) Arikamedu
(c) Kayal
(d) Kaveripumpattinam
Answer:
(d) Kaveripumpattinam
Question 11.
…………….. Who advocated maintenance of perfect balance between State management and people’s welfare through trading activities.
(a) Kautilya
(b) Pandiya
(c) Hebrew
(d) Chola
Answer:
(a) Kautilya
Question 12.
The profit margin allowed for traders ranged from 5% for indigenous goods and ……………..
for imported goods.
(a) 10%
(b) 5%
(c) 15%
(d) 20%
Answer:
(a) 10%
Question 13.
Who encouraged import of foreign goods from Persia and subsidized the goods?
(a) Balban
(b) Sultan
(c) Alauddin Khilji
(d) Kautilya
Answer:
(c) Alauddin Khilji
Question 14.
Which one helps in announcing the arrival of new products and their uses to the people?
(a) Advertising
(b) Banking
(c) Trade
(d) Transport
Answer:
(a) Advertising
Question 15.
…………….. functions as a medium of exchange.
(a) Transport
(b) Banking
(c) Money
(d) Warehousing
Answer:
(c) Money
II. Very Short Answer Questions
Question 1.
What is cashless system?
Answer:
Commerce activities are heading for a cashless system through e-commerce which means business activities enabled through electronic modes like Online trading, Mobile banking and e – marketing.
Question 2.
What is ‘Angadi’?
Answer:
The place where the goods were sold was called ‘Angadi’ in Pandiya Dynasty.
Question 3.
Which city was called sleepless city?
Answer:
Madurai was called sleepless city due to round – the – clock business activities.
Question 4.
What type of boats were used to cross rivers for domestic trade?
Answer:
Boats like ‘Padgu’, ‘Thimil’, ‘Thom’, ‘Ambu’ ‘Odampunai’, etc., were used to cross rivers for domestic trade.
Question 5.
What type of boats were used to cross oceans for foreign trade?
Answer:
Boats like ‘Kalam’, ‘Marakalam’, ‘Vangam’, ‘Navai’, etc., were used for crossing oceans for foreign trade.
Question 6.
How were the foreigners called in Ancient Tamil Nadu?
Answer:
Foreigners who transacted business were known as ‘yavanars’.
Question 7.
What was the role of the state in trade?
Answer:
The role of the state in trade related to two aspects namely adequate infrastructure to sustain the trade and administrative machinery for taxation.
Question 8.
What was advocated by Kautilya?
Answer:
Kautilya advocated maintenance of perfect balance between State management and people’s welfare through trading activities.
Question 9.
With whom Cholas had a strong trading relationship?
Answer:
Cholas had a strong trading relationship with Chinese Song Dynasty.
Question 10.
What are the constraints of Barter System? (any two)
Answer:
- Lack of double coincidence of wants
- Non – existence of common measure of value
III. Short Answer Questions
Question 1.
How has the commerce activities emerged how?
Answer:
The whole of commerce activity has emerged from barter system into a multi – dimensional and multifaceted scientific system consisting of courses like Monetary system, Mail order business, Hire purchase system, Instalment purchase system and so on.
Question 2.
What is the course of commerce activities in today’s technology driven society?
Answer:
In a technology driven society today again the course of commerce activities is heading for a cashless system through e-commerce which means business activities enabled through electronic modes like Online trading, Mobile banking and e – marketing.
Question 3.
What were the constraints in barter system? (Any three)
Answer:
1. Lack of Double Coincidence of Wants:
Unless two persons who have surplus have the demand for the goods possessed by each other, barter could not materialize. If this “coincidence of wants” does not exist, barter cannot take place.
2. Non – existence of Common Measure of Value:
Barter system could not determine the value of commodities to be exchanged as they lacked commonly acceptable measures to evaluate each and every commodity.
3. Lack of Direct Contact between Producer and Consumers:
It was not possible for buyers and sellers to meet face to face in many contexts for exchanging the commodities for commodities.
Question 4.
Write any three hindrances of commerce.
Answer:
1. Hindrance of Person: Manufacturers do not know the place and face of the consumers. The chain of middlemen consisting of wholesalers, agents and retailers establish the link between the producers and consumers.
2. Hindrance of Place: Production takes place in one centre and consumers are spread throughout the country and world. Rail, air, sea and land transports bring the products to the place of consumer.
3. Hindrance of Time: Consumers want products whenever they have money, time and willingness to buy. Goods are produced in anticipation of such demands.
IV. Long Answer Questions
Question 1.
How did the ancient Tamil country trade with Rome, China and Europe?
Answer:
Roman and Greek traders frequented the ancient Tamil country and forged trade relationship with ancient Kings of Pandiya, Chola and Chera dynasties. Cholas had a strong trading relationship with Chinese Song Dynasty. The Cholas conquered the Sri Vijaya Empire of Indonesia and Malaysia to secure a sea trading route to China. During the 16th and 18th centuries, India’s overseas trade expanded due to trading with European companies. The discovery of new all sea routes from Europe to India via Cape of Good Hope by Vasco da Gama had far-reaching impact on the civilized world. The arrival of Portuguese in India was followed by the advent of other European communities. They gained a strong foothold in India’s maritime trade by virtue’ of their strong naval power.
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