Laxmi

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Dialogue Writing, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Dialogue Writing

Question 1.
Complete the following dialogue between a Salesman and a Resident.
Salesman : Excuse me Madam, May I take five minutes of your time?
Mrs. Pankaj : (i) ………………………………………………………
Salesman : Thank you, ma’am. Wipcot has launched a new detergent called Stain-off. It’s a better solution for heavily soiled clothes.
Mrs. Pankaj : (ii) ………………………………………………………
Salesman : Yes ma’am, you get Rs 20/- off on M.R.P.
Mrs. Pankaj : That’s good, (iii) ………………………………………………………
Answer:
(i) Yes, is it a new product that you are promoting?
(ii) Is there any inaugural offers?
(iii) I’ll buy one.

Question 2.
Complete the following dialogue between a Bus commuter and Conductor.
Prasad : Sir, May I know when is the next bus to Kanyakumari?
Conductor : (i) ………………………………………………………
Prasad: (ii) ………………………………………………………
Conductor : Yes it is Point to point bus and it should reach the destination by 9 a.m. sir.
Prasad : Does it stop anywhere midway fro refreshment?
Conductor : Yes. It halts twice midway for refreshing.
Answer:
(i) The next bus is at 11 p.m., sir.
(ii) Is it a point to point bus and when is it expected to reach the destination?

Question 3.
Complete the following dialogue between two classmates meeting after a decade.
Suresh : Hello, aren’t you Chandrasekar by any chance?
Chandrasekar : Er.. yes I am but (i) ………………………………………………………
Suresh : Yes, I surely look different (ii) ………………………………………………………
Chandrasekar : Oh Suresh, I recall now. You surely look robust! How have you been?
Suresh : I’m good thank you. So glad to meet you after such a long time.
Chandrasekar : Yes. Me too. (iii) ………………………………………………………
Answer:
(i) I am afraid, I cannot recognize you.
(ii) I am Suresh, your classmate from Agarwal School.
(iii) I recently got transferred here.

Question 4.
Complete the following dialogue between a Patient and a Clinic Receptionist.
Patient : Is Dr. Mohanty available this evening? I have a review meet on Monday.
Receptionist: I am sony madam, (i) ………………………………………………………
Patient : (ii) ………………………………………………………
Receptionist: Yes madam. You may please confirm the appointment for Wednesday at 8 p.m.
Patient : Thank you.
Receptionist: No mention. Please be here half an hour before time.
Answer:
(i) he is out of station and is expected to see patients from Wednesday.
(ii) Can I fix an appointment for Wednesday, please?

Question 5.
Complete the following dialogue between two classmates discussing after exam.
Apoorva : Hello Chaitanya! (i) ………………………………………………………
Chaitanya : It was a good and 1 hope to get centum. How about you?
Apoorva : (ii) ………………………………………………………
Chaitanya : Forget it and just don’t bother about the past. I am sure you will get centum too.
Apoorva : Thanks. But I don’t think I will make it this time.
Chaitanya : Be positive. Keep your fingers crossed.
Answer:
(i) How did you do the paper?
(ii) I think, I have made a mess in one five mark answer.

Question 6.
Complete the following dialogue between Mr. Kirubakaran and a Policeman.
Mr. Kannan : Thank you sir for responding to our telephone immediately.
Policeman : It’s our duty, sir. I hope (i) ………………………………………………………
Mr.Kannan : No sir, (ii) ……………………………………………………… and found the front door broke open.
Policeman : Did you enter the house?
Mr.Kannan : Yes sir, just now. The burglars have stolen many of my household articles including money and jewellery.
Policeman : (iii) ……………………………………………………… We will zero in on the culprits at the earliest.
Answer:
(i) you haven’t touched anything inside the house.
(ii) I made a call from my mobile as soon as we returned from the night show.
(iii) Don’t worry.

Question 7.
Complete the following dialogue between a customer and hotel waiter.
Nila : (i) ……………………………………………………… please?
Waiter : Yes Ma’am, here is the menu card.
Nila : Thank you. Can I have hot tomato soup? I shall order the main course after that.
Waiter : Okay, Mam. Please take a look (ii) ……………………………………………………… We take (iii) ………………………………………………………
Nila : I would like to have a bowl of Mushroom fried rice with Chicken Manchurian.
Waiter : Yes ma’am. I will bring Mushroom fried rice with Chicken Manchurian right away.
Answer:
(i) Can I have the menu card
(ii) at the Menu and make your order
(iii) ten minutes to serve your dish

Question 8.
Complete the following dialogue between two friends discussing about a Book Fair.
Nila : (i) …………………………………………………….. .
Rani : Yes, I did. I was in fact waiting for the Book Fair to start.
Raji : I know. You are an Voracious reader. Did you buy any?
Rani : Yes, I did (ii) ………………………………………………………
Raji : I need to buy a good set of Encyclopedias.
Rani : (iii) …………………………………………………….. . I would like to buy some more books.
Answer:
(i) Did you visit the Book Fair that started last week?
(ii) buy a couple of mystery and detective novels by Sherlock Homes.
(iii) Do you want me to accompany you?

Question 9.
Complete the following dialogue between a Doctor and a Clinic Receptionist.
Riya : Hello, Good Afternoon. (i) …………………………………………………….. .
Receptionist: Good afternoon ma’am. May I know who is on the line?
Riya : (ii) ………………………………………………………
Receptionist: Just a moment Doctor. I shall transfer your call.
Riya : Yes please.
Receptionist : Ma’am, Dr. Santhosam is on the line.
Answer:
(i) May I speak to Dr. Sundar?
(ii) This is Dr. Priya Das from Apollo Hospital.

Question 10.
Complete the following dialogue between two friends meeting in a hotel.
Saket : I think I will first go in for a bowl of hot and sour chicken soup.
Kamal : (i) ……………………………………………………… Can we ask for a one by two?
Saket : Yes, certainly. A full bowl is extremely filling.
Kamal : (ii) ………………………………………………………
Saket : I prefer Butter Naan with Chicken gravy to rice.
Kamal : Good, (iii) ………………………………………………………
Answer:
(i) I would like to go in for the same.
(ii) How about the main course?
(iii) I shall order for a mushroom fried rice, then.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Expand the News Headlines, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Expand the News Headlines

1. Saina Receives Khel Ratna Award
New Delhi: Badminton ace Saina Nehwal, whose phenomenal rise was highlighted by three top-flight international titles, recently, was on Sunday conferred the coveted Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award at a glittering ceremony here on Sunday. Saina’s achievements in the past one year made her an automatic choice for the prestigious award, the highest sporting honour in the country.

2. Forgotten Brother Appears
Jharkhand: A forgotten brother has appeared after a long period of time.Mr.Ranjan and Mr. Anjan were reunited after the latter went missing in a Mela at Jharkand. They are united after 43 long years. Mr. Ranjan was taken care of by a local NGO and has a success story to narrate.

3. Maid Wins Maruti Car as Prize
Trichy: The fortune of a house-maid today changed when she won Maruti car as a prize in the local mela raffle. As she has no one to drive the car in her family, she decided to sell it. However, Mr. Ramakrishnan in whose house she works as a house maid, suggested that she rents it out to earn an extra amount for her family.

4. Crores Approved
Trichy:The municipality has launched a comprehensive drive, at a cost of Rs. 1.41 crore, to clean drainage-canal-tumed irrigation canals, meandering through the town, ahead of the Mahamaham festival.The effort would provide a fresh lease of life to five canals that were once irrigation channels but over the decades got transformed into drainage channels. A lot of development works were being undertaken; the town was being given a facelift ahead of the festival.Public sanitation has been accorded priority, she added.

5. Passerby Sees Woman Jump
ChennaiiA passerby reportedly stopped a woman from jumping off a pedestrian bridge at the Kotturpuram bus stop on Saturday. It is understood that some family duel is the reason for her drastic decision. The woman climbed over the guardrail and sat on it. Some passersby joined hands and forced her to come down.Suicidal Prevention Centre was informed.

6. Difficult Times Ahead
New Delhi: The Finance Minister has predicted difficult times for the Indian Economy in the years ahead. As he enters the final year of the government’s term, he is probably facing as many – if not more – economic problems as he did when he took charge. In fact, one would say if the BJP returns to power, Prime Minister Modi will have to work even harder than he did in his first term to keep the economy on an even keel.

7. Professors Protest Pay Cuts
New Delhi: Days after warning them, the administration of the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) has decided to deduct the salaries of the teachers for participating in protests. The teachers protested against the administration’s decision to scrap the old recruitment and admission policy as well as the multiple show-cause notices against students and teachers. The university’s administration has banned any kind of protest within 20 meters of the building.

8. Tommy The Dog Named Hero
New Delhi: Tommy,the popular dog from Chennai was declared the hero at The Canine Meet held at Delhi. The owner Vijay Prabhakar, says that he has hired Dog trainers from far and wide to train his dogs and this is the second National award for Tommy. Tommy is expected to take part in the International Canine meet in 2020.

9. President Declares Celebration
Mumbai: The President of India, Shri Ram NathKovind, graced and addressed a function organised to declare urban Maharashtra Open. He also inaugurated the centenary year celebrations of the Samadhi of Shri Sai Baba in Shirdi. He was felicitated by the local party members.

10. Security Alert In Bhopal
Bhopal: In the city of Bhopal, after receiving two anonymous calls, police department is on the alert day and night.Bhopal is on the radar of the terrorist outfits. Taking serious note of the intelligence given previously, the State police headquarters has sounded a high alert in the city.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Slogan Writing, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Slogan Writing

Writing slogans for advertising a brand or a movement is a creative activity requiring imagination and literary talent. A slogan conveys a message in a nutshell. It is catchy so as to draw immediate attention. It is brief and to the point. It promotes a product or a movement. It should highlight the merits of the item or movement, evoking a desirable response in the readers. It uses proverbs and wise-sayings in a modem version.

Examples:

• A deodorant: Drives bad smell away
• To highlight the risks of obesity: Shed off your surplus weight to shed down the chances of heart problems.

Write slogans:

Question 1.
to advertise about Nike shoes.
Answer:
Walk with pride.

Question 2.
to highlight the risks of Dengue fever.
Answer:
Keep mosquitoes away.

Question 3.
To advertise about LED bulbs.
Answer:
Illuminates your life.

Question 4.
To highlight the benefit of inverter A/C.
Answer:
Keeps you cool even during power cuts.

Question 5.
To advertise about Nippon batteries.
Answer:
Moves on and on.

Question 6.
To highlight Ayurvedic toothpaste.
Answer:
Keeps germs away and helps your teeth sparkle.

Question 7.
To advertise services of SBI.
Answer:
Grow with us.

Question 8.
To highlight uses of Camlin eraser.
Answer:
Erases everything but the past.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Notice Writing, Advertisements & Posters, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Notice Writing, Advertisements & Posters

Notice
A notice is a written or printed news, announcement or information. A notice may contain news/information about something that has happened or is likely to happen. It may be a formal announcement of public importance or an advance warning meant for compliance and information. A notice can be about a meeting, an event, an excursion/a historical trip/a picnic, lost and found, change of name/address/uniform/timings/venue, etc.

Purpose
Notices are effective means of disseminating information related to different issues or occasions. They reach to a large number of persons in a short time. Hence, a notice is written in simple and formal language. It is clear, brief and to the point.

Display
(a) School/College Notice Boards
(b) Newspapers/Magazines
(c) Public Notice Boards

Main Characteristics
(a) Format: It includes the word ‘notice’, date, heading, writer’s name and designation.
(b) Content: It must answer the questions What? When? Where? How? etc.
(c) Expression: It relates to the overall organisation and relevance of the content as well as grammatical accuracy and fluency.

Remember:

• It must contain complete information;
• The order of presentation should be clear;
• State the purpose of notice clearly;
• Content should include all necessary information, e.g., for a meeting – the time, venue, date, and agenda;
• Use impersonal language, i.e.; third person. Avoid ‘I’ and ‘You’,
• Give the designation of the writer just below the signature;
• The date of writing notice is generally at the top.

Solved Questions

Question 1.
You are Harini/Deepak, School Captain. The Principal has permitted you to organise a class picnic to Vandalur Zoo under the supervision of your class teachers. Write a notice for the school notice-board inviting the names of those who would like to join the picnic.
Answer:

Question 2.
The 15th International Property Fair is being held at Island Ground between 12 April, to 16 April 20XX. As Secretary of Literary Association, write a notice informing students about it.
Answer:

Question 3.
You are president of the Cultural Society of your school. You are planning to organise an annual programme. Write a notice for the school notice-board inviting names of . students willing to participate.
Answer:

Question 4.
The Students’ Council of your school has organized an excursion to Tanjore for students of class XI. As President of the Council, write a notice in not more than fifty words informing the students about this excursion.Sign yourself as Ranjana / Rajini.
Answer:

Question 5.
You are the Sports Secretary of Chettinad School. Draft a notice informing the students about the Volleyball coaching that will be introduced for the next academic year.
Answer:

Question 6.
As librarian of D.A.V. Public School, Chennai, draft a notice in not more than 50 words asking all students and teachers to return the library books they have borrowed, two days before the commencement of the examination.
Answer:

Question 7.
You are Anuj/Anu, the editor of the school magazine and want to hold an inter-class competition to collect poems, articles, cartoons, etc. for the magazine. Write a notice inviting entries. Mention all details required such as entry dates, prizes, etc.
Answer:

Question 8.
As Teacher Co-ordinator of the Quiz Club K.R.N. Public School, Trichy, draft a notice in not more than 50 words informing students of the inter-class quiz contest asking them to give their names to the Secretray of the Club within a week.
Answer:

Poster
Posters are placards displayed in a public place announcing or advertising something. Posters are notices, advertisements and invitations—all in one.

Purpose
The purpose of designing a poster is either to create social awareness about issues related to current problems and needs, or to advertise or even to extend public invitations and display notices.

Drafting
Posters should be colourful, attractive and tempting.

1. They must be drafted carefully to attract the attention of the readers, excite their imagination and influence their minds.
2. Posters are read from a distance. Do not give many details in a poster. Highlight only important issue/issues.

Main Features
(i) Layout

• Visually attractive/Eye Catching
• Title-suggestive/catchy
• Use slogan, jingle or short verse
• Sketch or simple drawings
• Letters of different size and shape
• Proportionate spacing, etc.

(ii) Contents

• The theme or subject of the poster
• Description or details associated with the theme
• Essential details like time, date, venue (for an event)
• Name(s) of issuing authority/organisation, etc.

(iii) Expression

• Phrases, slogans, persuasive language
• Creativity in terms of content and design
• Overall organisation and sequencing of the matter

Solved Questions
(a) As the Manager of ‘Supreme Coaching Centre’ run by you, prepare a poster calling the attention of students desirous of attending IIT, NEET coaching to join your coaching centre.
Answer:

(b) You were very upset about the reports on communal riots in various parts of the country. As a concerned social worker, design a poster in not more than 50 words, highlighting the importance of communal harmony. You are Vinay/Vinitha.
Answer:

(c) Design a poster for promoting the need for joining the Navy.
Answer:

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Biographical Sketch, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Biographical Sketch

The biographical sketch is an account of the life and activities of an individual. It should include information about the person’s name, place and date of birth, native place, parents and grandparents details, school and university education, occupation, life, and activities and accomplishments and date of demise if in case the person is no longer alive. A biographical sketch is always written by a third person (if written by the same person, it is called an autobiography). A biographical sketch presents the facts about the person’s life including what the person did and how he/she influenced the world. It should describe a person’s personality and provide an explanation for all his/her endeavors.

Tips:

• Should be written in passive voice ie. third person.
• Significant and impressive points should be presented.
• Special awards or recognitions need to be mentioned.
• Let it be descriptive.
• Name, age, personality traits, hobbies to be included.
• Education and training, anycontributory research work should be detailed.
• Such sketches feature the biographical details besides the achievements and honours conferred on.

1. With the help of the given clues, write a biographical-sketch of Medha Patkar.
Name: Medha Patkar
Born: 01.12,1954
Achievements: National Alliance of People’s movement, Established schools of life, since 1992
Awards: 1991: Right Livelihood Award, 1992: Goldman Environment Award, Green Ribbon Award for Best International Political Campaigner by BBC, England, Human Rights Defender’s Award from Amnesty International, Germany.

Medha Patkar was bom on 1st Dec 1954 in Mumbai, Maharashtra. She did her MA in Social work in Tata Institute of Social Sciences. She married Khanolkar but they separated because of Medha’s interest in fighting for poor people. She retained her husband’s family name, She sympathized with the condition of tribal villages which got submerged in the Sardar Sarovar dam. The tribals’ livelihood of fishing was lost. Medha Patkar led the Narmada Bachao Andolan through her National Alliance of People’s movement organization with the support of social activists and tribal people themselves. She wanted the tribal youth to find alternative ways of earning a living.

So, She started Jeevansaalas (i.e.) Life Schools through which 5000 tribal youths have studied, graduated and become athletes and workers in various fields. Her schools continue to serve the tribal children for more than 30 years. Appreciating her concern for the wellbeing of all suppressed and disadvantaged people she was given many national and international awards. Some of the important awards are viz Right Livelihood Award, Mahatma Phule Award, Human Rights Defender’s Award from Amnesty International, Germany and Person of The Year BBC (1999). Like Medha, we should also raise our voices against social injustices in the country.

2. Use the information given below and complete the biography in about 80 to 100 words.
P.T. Usha
1964: Bom on May 20th at Payolli in Kerala
1973: Discovered by a dedicated physical education teacher
1975: Badly injured while practising for sub-junior district level athletics. Participated in 100 meters, 200 meters, long jump, high jump-first in all four events
1982: Two silver medals in New Delhi Asian Games
1984: Fourth place in 400 in at Los Angeles Olympics
1985: Best female Athlete in Jakarta Asian Meet
1986: Four gold and one silver medal at Seoul Asian games

P. T. Usha was bom at Payolli, Kerala on 20th May, 1964. In 1973 she was discovered by a dedicated physical education teacher who paved the right path for her career. In 1975, she was badly injured while practising for Sub-junior district level athletics. She participated in 100 m, 200 m, long jump and high jump. She bagged the first position in all the four events in spite of her injury. In 1982, she received two silver medals in the Asian Games held at the capital city of India. In 1984, she was placed fourth in 400 m at the Los Angeles Olympics. In 1985, P.T. Usha won the award for the best female athlete in Jakarta Asian Meet. In 1986, she also won four gold and one silver medal at the Seoul Asian Games.

3. Given below is a profile of Amartya Kumar Sen. Write a short biographical sketch of Amartya Kumar Sen using the clues given below.
Date of Birth: 3 November 1933
Field: Welfare economics, development economics, ethics
Alma mater: University of Calcutta (BA), University of Cambridge (BA, MA, PhD) Profession: An Indian economist and philosopher

Notable Rewards : Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Bharat Ratna 1999 Amartya Kumar Sen is an economist and a philosopher. He studied in University of Calcutta and Cambridge. While in Cambridge, he studied Philosophy and enriched his knowledge . He wanted the national economy to protect people from hunger and starvation. His thoughts took shape when he witnessed the Bengal famine in which 3 million people perished. In Bengal, for example, food production, while down on the previous year, was higher than in previous non-famine years. Sen points to a number of social and economic factors, such as declining wages, unemployment, rising food prices, and poor food-distribution, which led to starvation.

His welfare economics seeks to evaluate economic policies in terms of their effects on the well-being of the community. Sen, who devoted his career to such issues, was called the “conscience of his profession”. Governments and international organizations . handling food crises were influenced by Sen’s work. His views encouraged policy makers to pay attention not only to alleviating immediate suffering but also to finding ways to replace the lost income of the poor—for example through public works—and to maintain stable prices for food. A vigorous defender of political freedom, Sen believed that famines do not occur in functioning democracies because their leaders must be more responsive to the demands of the citizens.

In order for economic growth to be achieved, he argued, social reforms—such as improvements in education and public health—must precede economic reform. He was conferred Nobel Price for his outstanding contribution in Economic Sciences. He was also given India’s most prestigious awards “ Bharat Ratna “ in 1999. He married thrice in his life. He has houses in both UK and the USA.

4. On the basis of the hints given below, write down a short biographical sketch of Mahendra Singh Dhoni.
Birth: 7 July 1981
ODI debut: 23 December 2004 v Bangladesh
Achievements: In 2011, Time magazine included Dhoni in its annual Time 100 list as one of the “Most Influential People in the World.”
In 2012, Sports Pro rated Dhoni as the sixteenth most marketable athlete in the world.
4 times helped India win international Test Matches.
Awards: Padmashree (2009) and Padhma Bhusan (2018)

M.S. Dhoni is a 37 year old famous cricketer. He was bom in Ranchi on 7th July 1981. He is called fondly as Mahi by fans and friends. He is a great finisher of matches. He captained Indian Test cricket team from 2008 to 2014. As there were some dissatisfaction about his form, he resigned and dignifiedly wrote to the Cricket Board to reduce his salary. He is also called Mr. Cool. He very rarely loses his temper. He gives tips to team members and even opponents when they seek his advice. He has captained One Day International matches.

He has helped India World cup title thrice i.e. in 2007, 2011 and 2013. He has helped Indian Team to win 4 times in International test Matches and 7 times One day International matches. He is known for his reputed helicopter shots which take his team to the edge of success even under very adverse circumstances. He has been identified as the 23rd richest athlete in the world by Forbes magazine in 2015. In 2016, his bio-pic was released in the name “M.S. Dhoni. the untold story’. He married Shakshi and has a daughter called Ziva. He is the most successful captain in cricket India has ever had. His batting and wicket keeping are world class.

5. Use the following information and write a short biographical sketch of Mother Teresa.
Birth: 27 August 1910 of Albanian parents in Skopje
Real Name: Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu
1928: the Joined convent in Ireland; 18 years old
1929: Sent to Darjeeling, India
1931: Began teaching at Kolkata Girls’ School
1948: Left teaching to work among the poor in slums of Kolkata
1950-1996: Worked for the downtrodden and sick destitute
1979: Awarded Nobel Peace Prize Death: 5 September 1997

Mother Teresa was bom on 27 August 1910 to Albanian parents in Skopje. Her real name was Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. She joined a convent in Ireland in 1928 when she was just a teenager. At 18 years, she was sent to Darjeeling, India. Here, she began teaching in Kolkata Girls’ School in two years time. Later she left teaching to work among the poor in the slums of Kolkatta. She had a “call within the call” to help the poorest of the poor in Kolkata. From 1948, she started working for the downtrodden and sick destitute people. She started an orphanage and schools for poor children.

Her prayers for doing charitable work not only in India but also across the world got answered mysteriously. She begged food for children. She slowly got the support of the surrounding people. She started the missionaries of charity. Hundreds of people were rescued from the jaws of death. For her sincere, dedicated and selfless work, she was awarded the Nobel Prize for peace in 1979. She was a living legend of mercy. She left for her heavenly abode on 5th September 1997 and was beautified the same year by Pope John Paul II. Her funeral was attended by many world leaders.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Note-Making and Summarising, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Note-Making and Summarising

Notes are short written record of facts to aid the memory. Notes are usually taken to record a speech or dictation while listening to it or after reading a book, magazine or article. They are referred back whenever needed and may be reproduced in the desired way.

The Necessity Of Note-Making:
Knowledge is vast and unlimited, but our memory is limited. We cannot remember all the information all the time. Hence note-making is necessary. With the help of notes we can recall the entire information read/heard months ago. It is quite useful to students preparing for many subjects. At the time of examinations, it is not possible to go through voluminous books. At such critical times, notes are quite handy. Hence note-making fulfills three useful functions:

1. It keeps a lot of information at our disposal for ready reference.
2. It helps us reconstruct what was said or written and thus accelerates the process of remembering/recall.
3. It comes in handy in delivering a speech, participating in a debate/discussion, writing an essay and revising lessons before an examination.

How Note-Making Helps Us:
While making notes we do not simply read the passage/listen to speech but consider various points made by the writer/speaker and draw our own inferences about what is being presented. Thus note-making helps us in understanding the passage in a better way and organising our thoughts systematically.

Characteristics Of Good Notes:

• Short and Compact: Good notes must be short and compact.
• Complete Information: They must contain all the important information.
• Logical: They must be presented in a logical way.
• Understandable: They should be understandable when consulted at a later stage.

Mechanics Of Note-Making:
While making notes we follow certain standard practices. These may be listed as follows:
(a) Heading and Sub-headings
(b) Abbreviation and Symbols
(c) Note-form
(d) Numbering and Indentation

Heading And Sub-Headings:
The heading reflects the main theme whereas the sub-headings point out how it has been developed. The selection of proper heading and sub-heading reveals the grasp of the passage by the students. In the absence of proper assimilation of main ideas and subsidiary points, it is impossible to make notes.

Abbreviations And Symbols:
They are used for precision and economy of words and hence quite helpful in note-making. At least four recognizable abbreviations are to be used in note-making in your board examination. These are essential components of note-making. Students often make use of abbreviations and symbols in doing their written work.

Solved Questions
Read the following passages carefully and make notes or summarize.

Passage 1
The greatness of a country depends upon its people. India is fortunate to have vast human resources. Our countrymen are second to none in intelligence and in doing hard work. From the ancient period, Indians excelled in art architecture, knowledge of metals, medicines, literature etc. After our independence in 1947, the government took steps to improve our country in all spheres.

By the five-years plans, provisions are made for the development of the country. The first five-year plan was specially designed to improve irrigational methods. By the green revolution, we attained self-sufficiency in the field of agricultural production. The present age is the atomic age. India too established an Atomic Energy Commission t under the guidance of Dr. Bhabha. India made the first successful nuclear explosion on 18th May, 1974.

This made India the sixth member of the world nuclear club. It was purely the efforts of the Indian Scientists alone. We have sent our Indian Cosmonaut to space also on 3rd April, 1984. Shri Rakesh Sharma, the best pilot of the India Air Force travelled into space with two Soviet Spacemen in Soyuz I Spaceship.

True Indians

Note making:
Indians best human resources – excelled in architecture, metallurgy and medicine – five year plans – initial – agriculture development – Energy development focus – drive future – atomic energy nuclear implosion on 18th may 1974. Space also rapid strides – Indian Cosmonaut on 3rd April 1984 – Rakesh Sharma I Cosmonaut.

OR

Summary: Rough draft
Indians have been great human resources. Since ancient times, the have excelled in various fields such as metallurgy, medicine and architecture in the ancient period itself. After 1947, the Government through five year plans attained self-sufficiency in agricultural production. Gradually the Government focused on developing atomic energy and space technology. Atomic implosion in 1974 and conquest of space in 1984 are best examples of India’s success in joining space club and energy development.

Fair draft
Ancient Indians proved their expertise in metallurgy, medicine and architecture. After 1947, the country focused on agricultural self-sufficiency through five year plAnswer:She attained it in agricultural production. Then India joined the small band of atomic energy producing countries and by atomic explosion in 1974 proved her power. She also joined space club in 1984 by sending Rakesh Sharma to space.

Passage 2
A proper consideration of value of time will inspire habits of punctuality. “Punctuality, said Louis XIV, is the politeness of kings”, it is also the duty of gentlemen and the necessity of men of business. Nothing begets confidence in a man sooner than the practice of this virtue and nothing shakes confidence sooner than the want of it. He who holds to his appointment and does not keep you waiting for him shows that he has regard for your time as well as for his own. Thus punctuality is one of the modes by which we testify our personal respect for those whom we are called upon to meet in the business of life.

It also conscientious in a measure for an appointment is a contract, expressed or implied and he who does not keep it, breaks faith as well dishonestly loses character. We naturally come to the conclusion that the person who is careless about time will be careless about business and he isn’t the one to be trusted with the transaction of matters of importance.

These are the main reasons, why laxatives, indigestion-remedies, painkillers, cough-mixtures, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets, nose drops, ointments and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person’s health, it may even make it worse. Worse, because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worst of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be asked and therefore medical help may not be sought. Self-diagnosis is a greater danger than self-medication.

Punctuality

Note making:
Punctuality – duty of kings – necessity of men of business – punctuality gains confidence – careless with time – loss of faith – business opportunities – consideration of value of time indispensable for success in life.

OR

Summary: Rough draft
Punctuality is the politeness of kings. It is also the duty of gentlemen and the necessity of men of business. A punctual man has regard for time and himself. It is sure that a person who is careless in time will be careless in all actions, business, etc. He will not be trusted with the transaction of matters of importance.

Fair draft:
Punctuality is the duty’ of gentlemen and necessity of businessmen. It gives immense faith, trust and confidence on them. Punctuality in keeping up appointments proves one’s personal respect for the other person’s time. It is sure that a person who is careless in time and who does not keep up time will be careless in all actions, business etc. He will not be trusted with the transaction of matters of importance. So, to succeed in personal as well as business life. One should have a proper consideration of the value of time.

Passage 3
Some people think that the aim of education is merely to give knowledge. These people want students to read books, books, books and do nothing else but add to their knowledge. Others believe that knowledge alone is not enough; only that which enables a man to earn his living can be called education. Such people think that bread is more important than anything else. Still others believe that education should aim solely at making good citizens and good patriots.

All these people see only one of the several purpose of education. As a matter of fact, education should aim at all these three things together. It should give men, knowledge, make them self-reliant and able to serve others. Education should not produce citizens who, while they love their own freedom, take away the freedom of others. It should produce men who love their own country but who do not want to harm other countries.

The true aim of education

Note making:
Merely to give knowledge – knowledge not enough – earn a living – no to make good citizens and patriots – in fact all the three – achieve – give knowledge – self-reliant – serve other – not selfish people – patriots who love other countrymen as well.

OR

Summary of the passage: Rough draft

There are diverse opinions about the aims of education. First school think that pursuit knowledge in the aim of education. Second school says it should empower him to earn living. Third school says education must aim only at citizen marketing. In fact the real aim of education should address all the three. Education should produce citizens with love for mother land and other land and have knowledge self- reliance and tenderly to serve others.

Fair draft:
There are three different schools of thoughts on the aim of education. They are viz to pursue knowledge, gain earing capacity, to become self-reliant and finally to become good citizens. The true aim of education must be the combination of all the three. Education must enable students to gain knowledge, acquire wage earning skills and also become good citizens with love for motherland and other lands.

Passage 4
Compared to a motorbike or car, the bicycle is a slow moving vehicle but its popularity has been on the increase in recent years. There are many reasons for this. Firstly, the bicycle does not require petrol or diesel as a car or motorbike does. In these days of fuel shortage this is definite advantage; it draws power from the rider. The bicycle, moreover, is small, light and convenient. There are no parking problems.

Another reason for its popularity is that it takes one, to one’s destination with more certainty than cars or large motorbikes which are often held up in traffic jams. Then, there is the fact that the bicycle causes absolutely no pollution. It produces no noise and no smoke. Finally, it is now known that riding a bicycle is good exercise which tones up one’s muscles. No wonder, more and more people prefer a bicycle to other modes of transport.

Cycle – the best mode of transport

Note making:
Cycles – advantage over cars and bikes – popular – no petrol or diesel – small – no parking issue – Traffic jam – no issue – no pollution – tones up muscles – a good exercise.

OR

Summary of the passage: Rough draft
The cycle’s popularity is on the high. It doesn’t need petrol or diesel. Due to fuel shortage, cycle is a definite advantage. It is small, light, convenient. No parking problems and traffic jams. Moreover cycle causes no pollution, noise or smoke. Cycling is a good exercise that tones up muscles.

Fair draft:
Cycle has many advantages over other modes of transport. Its popularity is on the increase. It doesn’t need petrol or diesel. Cycle is a definite advantage. It is small, light, convenient.

Parking problems and traffic jams do not affect the cyclist’s progress. Moreover, cycle causes no pollution such. Cycling keeps one fit, tones up one’s muscles.

Passage 5
Did you ever have a small boy complain of having to hang about a railway station and wait for a train? No, for to him to be inside a railway station is to be inside a cavern of wonder and a palace of poetical pleasures. Because to him the red light and the green light on the signal are like a new sun and a new moon. Because to him when the wooden arm of the signal falls down suddenly, it is as if a great king had thrown down his staff as a signal and started a shrinking tournament of trains.

I myself am of little boy’s, habit in this matter. They also serve who only stand and wait for the two fifteen. Their meditations may be full of rich and fruitful things. Many of the most purple hours of my life have been passed at Clapham junction. Which is now, I suppose, under water. I have been there in many moods so fixed any mystical that the water might well have come up to my waist, before I noticed it particularly.

Note making: Mystical Pleasure
Children happy – waiting for train – not bored – cavern of wonder – poetic pleasure – red and green signals – sun and moon – wooden signal staff- akin to king’s scepter – controlling the flow – tournament of trains – The author like Milton – waits and serves – purple hours of youth – Railway station – now under water gets lost – waist deep in water – undergo same mystical pleasures.

OR

Summary: Rough draft
A small boy never complains to wait for a train. To him, a railway station is a place of wonder and a palace of poetical pleasure. The red light and green light are like a new sun and a moon.

The wooden arm is like a staff of king. The author also has the same feeling. He spent many of his purple hours at Clapham Junction. He visits the shot remembering the past.

Fair draft:
A small boy never complains to wait for a train. To him, a railway station is a place of wonder and a palace of poetical pleasure. The red light .and green light are like a new sun and a moon. The wooden arm is like a staff of a king. The author also has the same feeling. He spent many of his purple hours at Clapham Junction which is now under water. Under nostalgia, the author is lost in mystical thoughts in waist-deep water.

Students can Download Maths Chapter 4 Geometry Ex 4.3 Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 4 Geometry Ex 4.3

Miscellaneous Practice problems

Question 1.
The bishop, in given picture of chess board, can move diagonally along dark squares. Describe the translations of the bishop after two moves as shown in the figure.

Solution:
For first: 2 →, 2↓; For second move: 5 ←, 5↓

Question 2.
Write a possible translation for each of chess piece for a single move.

Solution:
Pawn – 1 ↑ or 2↑
Rook – 1 to 8 ↑
Knight – 2 →,1 ↑or 2 ←,1 ↑ or 1 →,2 ↑or 1 ←,2↑
Bishop – 1 →,1 ↑ or 2 →,2↑or 3 →,3↑ or 4 →,4↑ or 5 → 5 ↑1 ←,1↑ or 2 ←,2↑or 3 ←,3↑or 4 ←,4↑ or 5 ← 5↑
Queen – 1 to 8 ,1 →, 1 ↑ or 2 →,2↑ or 3 → ,3↑or 4 → ,4↑or 5 →,5↑or 1 ←,↑1 or 2 ←,2 ↑or
3 ←,3 ↑ or 4 ←,4 ↑ or 5 ← 5↑
King – 1 → or ← or ↑

Question 3.
Referring the graphic given, answer the following questions. Each bar of the category is made up of boy-girl-boy unit, (i) Which categories show a boy- girl-boy unit that is translation within the bar? (ii) Which categories show a boy-girl-boy unit that is reflected within the bar?

Solution:
(i) Essay Writing category shows translation
(ii) Essay Writing and Mono Acting categories shows reflection

Question 4.
Given figure is a floor design in which the length of the small red equilateral triangle is 30 cm. All the triangles and hexagons are regular. Describe the translations in cm, represented by the (i) yellow line (ii) black line (iii) blue line.

Solution:
(i) 120cm →, 210cm ↓
(ii) 270cm ← ,330cm ↑
(iii) 150 cm →

Question 5.
Describe the transformation involved in the following pair of figures (letters). Write translation, reflection or rotation.

Solution:
(i) rotation
(ii) reflection
(iii) translation
(iv) reflection
(v) rotation
(vi) reflection
(vii) rotation
(viii) translation

Challenge problems

Question 1.
In chess, a knight can move only in an L-shaped pattern:

• two vertical squares, then one horizontal square;
• two horizontal squares, then one vertical square;
• one vertical square, then two horizontal squares; or
• one horizontal square, then two vertical squares.

Write a series of translations to move the knight from g8 to g5 (at most two moves)
Solution:.
2 ←,1↓ and then 1 ←, 2↓ (or) 2 ←, 1↓and then 1 ← ,2↓

Question 2.
The pink shape is congruent to blue shape. Describe a sequence of transformations in which the blue shape is the image of pink shape.

Solution:
(i) Translation 3 ←, 5↑ and 90° counter clockwise rotation about the green point and translates 5 ←, 2↓,
(ii) Translation 2 ← 90° counter clockwise rotation about the green point and translates 2 ←, 2↓.

Question 3.

Solution:

Question 4.
Draw concentric circles given that radius of inner circle is 4.5 cm and width of circular ring is 2.5 cm.
Solution:
Give radius of inner circle = 4.5 cm
Width of circular ring is 2.5 cm
Radius of outer circle = 4.5 + 2.5 = 7 cm

Step 1 : Drawn a rough diagram and marked the given measurements
Step 2 : Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3 : With O as center and drawn a circle of radius OA = 4.5 cm.
Step 4 : With O as center drawn a circle of radius OB = 4.5 + 2.5 = 7 cm. Thus the concentric circles C₁ and C₂ are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA
= 7 – 4.5 = 2.5 cm

Question 5.
Draw concentric circles given that radius of outer circle is 5.3 cm and width of circular ring is 1.8 cm.
Solution:
Give radius of outer circle = 5.3 cm
Width of circular ring = 1.8 cm
Radius of the inner circle = 5.3 – 1.8
= 3.5 cm

Step 1: Drawn a rough diagram and marked the given measurements
Step 2 : Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3 : With O as center drawn a circle of radius OA =3.5 cm.
Step 4 : With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OB = 5.3 cm. Thus concentric circles
C₁ and C₂ are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA
= 5.3 – 3.5 = 1.8 cm

Students can Download Maths Chapter 4 Geometry Ex 4.2 Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 4 Geometry Ex 4.2

Question 1.
Draw circles for the following measurements of radius (r)/ diameters(d).
(i) r = 4 cm
(ii) d = 12 cm
(iii) r = 3.5 cm
(iv) r = 6.5 cm.
(v) d = 6 cm
Solution:
(i) r = 4 cm

Step 1 : Market a point ‘O’ on the paper.
Step 2 : Extended the compass distance equal to radius 4 cm.
Step 3 : At center ‘O’, helded the compass firmly and placed the pointed end of the compass.
Step 4 : Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.

(ii) d = 12 cm
given d= 12 cm
∴ radius r = \(\frac { d }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac { 12 }{ 2 } \) = 6 cm

Step 1: Marked a point ‘O’ on the paper.
Step 2: Extended the compass distance equal to radius 6 cm.
Step 3: At center ‘O’, held the compass firmly and placed the pointed end of the compass.
Step 4: Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.

(iii) r = 3.5 cm

Step 1: Market a point ‘O’ on the paper.
Step 2: Extended the compass distance equal to radius 3.5 cm.
Step 3: At center ‘O’, held the compass firmly and placed the pointed end of the compass.
Step 4: Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.

(iv) r = 6.5 cm

Step 1: Market a point ‘O’ on the paper.
Step 2: Extended the compass distance equal to radius 6.5 cm.
Step 3: At center ‘O’, held the compass firmly and placed the pointed end of the compass.
Step 4: Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.

(v) d = 6 cm
∴ radius r = \(\frac { d }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac { 6 }{ 2 } \) = 3 cm

Step 1: Market a point ‘O’ on the paper.
Step 2: Extended the compass distance equal to radius 3 cm.
Step 3: At center ‘O’, held the compass firmly and placed the pointed end of the compass.
Step 4: Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.

Question 2.
Draw concentric circles for the following measurements of radii / diameters. Find out the width of each circular ring.
(i) r = 3 cm and r = 5 cm.
(ii) r = 3.5 cm and r = 6.5 cm.
(iii) d = 6.4 cm and d = 11.6 cm.
(iv) r = 5 cm and r = 7.5 cm.
(vi) r = 7.1 cm and d = 12 cm.
Solution:
(i) r = 3 cm and r = 5 cm.

Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 5 – 3 = 2 cm
Step 1: Drawn a rough diagram and market the given measurements
Step2: Taken any point O and marked it as center.
Step 3: With O as center drawn a circle of radius OA = 3 cm.
Step 4: With O as center drawn a circle of radius OB = 5 cm. Thus concentric circles C₁ and C₂ are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 5 – 3 = 2 cm

(ii) r = 3.5 cm and r = 6.5 cm

Step 1: Drawn a rough diagram and market the given measurements
Step 2: Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3: With O as center drawn a circle of radius OA = 3.5 cm.
Step 4: With O as center drawn a circle of radius OB = 6.5 cm. Thus the concentric circles C₁ and C₂ are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 6.5 – 3.5 = 3 cm

(iii) d = 6.4 cm and d = 11.6 cm
r = \(\frac { d }{ 2 } \)
r = \(\frac { 6.4 }{ 2 } \) = 3.2 cm; r = \(\frac { 11.6 }{ 2 } \) = 5.8 cm

Step 1: Drawn a rough diagram and market the given measurements
Step 2: Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3: With O as center drawn a circle of radius OA =3.2 cm.
Step 4: With O as center and drawn a circle of radius OB = 5.8 cm. Thus the concentric circles C₁ and C₂ are drawn.

Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 5.8 – 3.2 = 2.6 cm

(iv) r = 5 cm and r = 7.5 cm

Step 1 : Drawn a rough diagram and market the given measurements
Step 2 : Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3 : With O as center drawn a circle of radius OA = 5 cm.
Step 4 : With O as center drawn a circle of radius OB = 7.5 cm. Thus the concentric circles C₁ and C₂ are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 7.5 – 5 = 2.5 cm

(v) d = 6.2 cm and r = 6.2 cm.
r = \(\frac { d }{ 2 } \)
∴ r = \(\frac { 6.2 }{ 2 } \) = 3.1 cm and r = 6.2 cm

Step 1: Drawn a rough diagram and market the given measurements
Step 2: Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3: With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OA = 3.1 cm.
Step 4: With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OB = 6.2 cm.
Thus the concentric circles C₁ and C₂ are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 6.2 – 3.1 = 3.1 cm

(vi) r = 7.1 cm and d = 12 cm.
r = \(\frac { d }{ 2 } \)
∴ r = \(\frac { 12 }{ 2 } \) = 6 cm and r = 7.1 cm

Step 1: Drawn a rough diagram and marked the given measurements
Step 2 : Taken any point O and marked it as center.
Step 3 : With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OA = 6 cm.
Step 4 : with O as center, drawn a circle of radius OB = 7.1 cm. Thus concentric circles
C₁ and C₂ are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 7.1 – 6 = 1.1 cm

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Expansion of Proverbs, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Expansion of Proverbs

How To Write a Proverb Expansion or Expansion of an idea?
The expansion of an idea or expansion of a proverb is simple and straightforward. It involves 5 easy steps.

They are:

• Step 1: Understand the symbol of the words in the proverb
• Step 2: Substitute the meaning in the idea or the proverb
• Step 3: Look for a story or anecdote or example or illustration
• Step 4: Look for similar proverbs or ideas
• Step 5: Sum up the paragraph

Question 1.
Explain the meaning of the proverb ‘Procrastination Is The Thief Of Time’ in about 50 words.
Answer:
It has been said, “Never put off for tomorrow’ what you can do today”. Yet there are many people who enjoy postponing things. Such people do not realize the dangers of delaying. Work does not disappear if we postpone it. The difficulty of the work does not get reduced by postponing it. The more we postpone, the more the work piles up. Finally, the load of work seems too much. We then have to work for many days at a stretch under great strain and tension. Finally we do it hurriedly and in a careless manner. It is as bad as not doing the work at all.

Again, when some work is delayed, the time which would have been profitably used is wasted. Time wasted is time lost forever. Hence procrastination, that is the habit of postponing things, is rightly called the thief of time. Precious time wasted means opportunities lost, and lost forever. By the time we realize how much time we have wasted and how many opportunities we have missed by delaying word, it may be too late. And then nothing remains for us except to regret and repent. Sometimes a very heavy price has to be paid for delaying things.

The person who delays insuring his factory will regret it when the factory is gutted by a sudden fire. Delay in the treatment of a disease may make it worse, and may even result in death. There are other proverbs conveying similar meaning. Thus we say: “Time and tide wait for no man” and “A stitch in time saves nine”. All these proverbs warn us against the dangers of delay in actions, and stress the importance of timely action and punctuality.

Question 2.
Explain the meaning of the proverb, “Cut Your Coat According To Your Cloth” in about 50 words.
Answer:
If you give a piece of cloth to a tailor to make a coat, the tailor will first measure the cloth and will take your measurement to find if the cloth is enough to make a coat. Then he would decide what kind of coat has to be made out of it. He will not be able to make a coat that requires more material than the cloth provided. The same is the case with our expenses and income. Our expenses should always be within the limits of our income. Otherwise, we surely land in deep debts and insurmountable difficulties. The proverb thus tells us not to spend more than what we earn i.e., to live within our means.

Question 3.
Explain the meaning of the proverb, “Honesty is The Best Policy” in about 50 words.
Answer:
The key word in the proverb is ‘Policy’. According to the dictionary, a ‘policy’ is a plan or a course of action or a guiding principle that influences our actions. Looking at the proverb with this insight, we understand that ‘honesty is the best plan or course of action or guiding principle’.It is not because the wise said that honesty is best policy, but because it makes sense to be honest. An honest person is upright and has no fear of guilt. He or she has a clear conscience.

Over and above all he or she has the priceless treasure of peace of mind. In addition, dishonestly causes undue and unnecessary stress. Research shows that dishonesty weakens the immune system. This results in a host of physical illnesses. On the emotional plane, honesty strengthens our self-image whereas dishonesty damages our self-esteem. Thus, honesty is the best policy.

Question 4.
Explain the meaning of the proverb, “As You Sow, So Shall You Reap” in about 50 words.
Answer:
The source of the proverb is the Bible: “What so ever a man soweth, that shall he also reap.” The religious meaning of the proverb is that one will be rewarded or punished according to the kind of life one leads a virtuous or a sinful. Accordingly, happiness or misery in our life is the result of our own deeds. In an extended sense, the proverb suggests that we are responsible for the consequences of our actions. Every action of ours has a result. Good actions produce good results where as bad actions produce bad results. The results are proportionate to the efforts men put in.

A person who sins throughout life one cannot expect salvation. A student who wanders throughout the year cannot think of cracking NEET examination. In much the same way, a farmer’s hard labour under the hot sun is returned to him in the form of rich yield of his crops. The output of the farmer is dependent on the quality of the seeds and the manner of the sowing. Every discipline has its own character and demands and until one fulfils them he cannot reach anywhere.

Rise and success in life demand labour, industry, toil and effort. A good result is a manifestation of intense efforts that have gone into its making. Florence Nightingale’s name we lovingly recall because of the love and care with which she nursed the wounded soldiers. Hitler creates terror in our hearts and is abhorred to this day. in a nutshell, one cannot achieve fair ends by using foul means. Even if one does, it is short-lived. Lasting peace cannot be brought about by violent means. Thus, it becomes clear that ‘as you sow, so shall you reap’.

Question 5.
Explain the meaning of the proverb “Example Is Better Than Precept” in about 50 words.
Answer:
Prophet Mohammed practised what he preached. Every day he used to give away what ever he earned the whole day. On the last day of his life, he could not sleep .He asked his devoted wife if she had retained money from that day’s profit. The lady had kept five dinars hoping that it might help her defray funeral expenses of her beloved husband who had not kept any money on himself. With reluctance she produced the five Dinars. Prophet said, “ Go and give the money to some one in need and come back” She was cross and asked him,” who will come to receive this money at midnight “.

As Prophet insisted she went to the door step half-heartedly. She returned after a few’ minutes. She said, a beggar extended his hand on seeing , me and said “ I have not eaten anything because I had money on me . Please give me some money so that I could buy some food. Prophet smiled and said.” Have trust in God. God knew that you will go out at this time and He had mercifully sent a needy person to receive it. Likewise, when you are in need, He will send some one with the money you need” From this wonderful anecdote ,w’e understand example is better than precept.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Essay/Paragraph Writing, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Essay/Paragraph Writing

Write an essay in about 150 -200 words on the following:

Education Gives Power

Education provides us knowledge. It trains our mind and sharpens our skills and abilities. Education refines our tastes and temperaments and builds our thought process. Vocational courses help young boys to earn and leam together. They provide means of earning a livelihood and open the route to employment. Professional courses, as is evident from the name itself, equip us for adopting various professions. Some of these highly skilled professionals seek placements or jobs in esteemed companies and business concerns. Thus education is important for our survival.

Decent living is impossible without good income or high salary. Education improves the quality of our life and frees us of superstition, foolish, meaningless mind-blocks and rituals. If women are educated the whole family benefits as the food is hygienically prepared, children are healthy, well-mannered and disciplined. Education gives us power over our environment. We can control the situation and shape our destiny. Education spreads awareness among people and gives them freedom from social ills. It makes people independent by providing them means to earn their living.

They become responsible citizens and realise their rights and duties. In short, education gives one power.

My ambition in life.

Taking a photo or posing for a photo is something that I have always enjoyed even as a small little kid. There’s one thing that gets me to do and excites me. It is photography and that really stands out from all the rest. I always think of going all over the world and take shots of everything worth seeing. I want to stick to photography all the time. I think I will never get tired of it. Even as a kindergartener, I used to admire pictures taken and collect pictures. I always asked my parents to get me a camera. For my 14th birthday, I was gifted an SLR because of my passion for photography.

I know there’s so much I have to leam about photography and I am trying to learn more and more about it. I joined a photography class after my tenth exams. I always used to take part in competitions and win prizes. I think there are many people in my community who are really good at photography and present outstanding photographs regarding nature’s beauty and others. Many of them held photography contests to motivate and encourage new photographers. I now have a craze to do Candid Photography. I know for sure that I can pursue this as a hobby as well as my profession. If you love your job, you will never feel the pressure of working and hence I have decided to become a photographer for my life.

The impact of Computers in the modern world.

Computer technology since 17th Century has infused a high level of implication especially within the latter half of the twentieth century. Computers have distorted contemporary lifestyles. The automobile industry has enhanced its designs to advance comfort and services. Research and technology industries have been able to obtain augmentation in social wellbeing. The leisure industry have also benefited from this. Socially, computers and the internet have improved the communication process in terms of dependability and openness. Statistics proves increased number of users.

The advertisement industry has matured over the years with various promotional channels. Teleconferencing as a means of working has also supported trade growth. Unemployment levels have been checked with the ease of information distribution. Computers have also positively transformed the learning field to enhance the learning process with the inclusion of superior teaching techniques. This has infused variances within classrooms from the conventional teaching forms and learning has become more appealing.

Additionally, distance learning has improved with the internet especially in undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Despite the various benefits accorded to computer technology in the current world setting, various harmful impacts have also been recognized. Malware includes the use of infected programs. Business rivals may tend towards unethical practices. Identity theft is used for criminal practices with the perpetrators concealed on internet application.

Cashing in on the students’ love for ICTbased learning, QR code is imbedded in the latest text books in Tamil Nadu. Students now access lesson related videos and learn easily. In conclusion, computers have both merits and demerits within the current society and efforts should be to reduce the disadvantages for a better world.

The Importance of Newspaper Reading

Newspaper reading is indeed a good habit that can provide a great sense of educational and information about politics, economy, entertainment, sports, business, industry, trade and commerce. This habit will improve your and vocabulary. Many people have habits of reading daily newspapers that their day seems incomplete without taking hold of early morning newspapers. Here are some of the benefits that you can get by reading daily newspapers. They carry the news of the world and you feel you have visited many places reading news about various places.

Reading a newspaper is a good habit and it is already a part of the modem life. This habit will broaden your viewpoint and will augment your information. It makes you well informed and enables you to take part in every conversation pertaining to the world’s contemporary events. Reading newspapers wll improve your nowledge in general and it will be easy for you to relate to other people who often talk about current events and politics. Through newspapers, you will have an apparent thought and perceptive of what is happening in your country and the world around.

Role of Women in Modern India

Today women in India occupy challenging positions. There are women pilots and women serve the armed forces too. There are successful IAS and IPS officers. Kiran Bedi is an example for a successful police officer. There are women chief ministers, M.P.s and M.L.A.s. To add a feather to their cap, Mrs. Indira Gandhi was a successful Prime minister.

Our constitution guarantees equal rights to women. In Tamil Nadu, the right of inheritance has been given to women. Education and employment has been made a basic necessity for women. Though there are many progresses in the lives of women, still the other side of the coin is noteworthy and terrific. Dowry death and Eve teasing still prevails. Female baby is still considered a burden and female infanticide is still in existence. Male chauvinism is hurting women.

Sania Mirza, Kalpana Chawla, Sunitha Williams and many such women add glory to womanhood. Government must give 50% reservations to women in higher education and career choice.

Decision making is a challenge

Decision making is a process that plays a vital role in our daily lives. Some decisions are not very important whereas other imperative decisions, when cautiously carried out, can change the path of our lives. When faced with a crisis, one of the major issues is deciding the right thing. Decision making can be quite complicated and challenging in some cases. It is hence essential to gather as much information from different sources and assess all possible alternatives to the problem or situation at hand before making a decision. Doing so will permit us to land at the best possible result for the problem.

Such decisions can’t be an overnight one. It takes a couple of months to investigate and consult with friends, family and university professors to make a decision. Low cost tuition fee and the course time are also a big influence in taking decisions. An advantage of such decisions can only be an outcome of research and discussion and there is no conflict in that. This significantly decreases the probability of risk in any decision making.

If a decision is made correct and one is quite pleased with the way it is turning out to be then one has crossed all barriers. It is imperative that one makes decisions in consultation with parents opinions and check on other surveys and researches to avoid challenges.