Laxmi

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Biographical Sketch, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Biographical Sketch

The biographical sketch is an account of the life and activities of an individual. It should include information about the person’s name, place and date of birth, native place, parents and grandparents details, school and university education, occupation, life, and activities and accomplishments and date of demise if in case the person is no longer alive. A biographical sketch is always written by a third person (if written by the same person, it is called an autobiography). A biographical sketch presents the facts about the person’s life including what the person did and how he/she influenced the world. It should describe a person’s personality and provide an explanation for all his/her endeavors.

Tips:

• Should be written in passive voice ie. third person.
• Significant and impressive points should be presented.
• Special awards or recognitions need to be mentioned.
• Let it be descriptive.
• Name, age, personality traits, hobbies to be included.
• Education and training, anycontributory research work should be detailed.
• Such sketches feature the biographical details besides the achievements and honours conferred on.

1. With the help of the given clues, write a biographical-sketch of Medha Patkar.
Name: Medha Patkar
Born: 01.12,1954
Achievements: National Alliance of People’s movement, Established schools of life, since 1992
Awards: 1991: Right Livelihood Award, 1992: Goldman Environment Award, Green Ribbon Award for Best International Political Campaigner by BBC, England, Human Rights Defender’s Award from Amnesty International, Germany.

Medha Patkar was bom on 1st Dec 1954 in Mumbai, Maharashtra. She did her MA in Social work in Tata Institute of Social Sciences. She married Khanolkar but they separated because of Medha’s interest in fighting for poor people. She retained her husband’s family name, She sympathized with the condition of tribal villages which got submerged in the Sardar Sarovar dam. The tribals’ livelihood of fishing was lost. Medha Patkar led the Narmada Bachao Andolan through her National Alliance of People’s movement organization with the support of social activists and tribal people themselves. She wanted the tribal youth to find alternative ways of earning a living.

So, She started Jeevansaalas (i.e.) Life Schools through which 5000 tribal youths have studied, graduated and become athletes and workers in various fields. Her schools continue to serve the tribal children for more than 30 years. Appreciating her concern for the wellbeing of all suppressed and disadvantaged people she was given many national and international awards. Some of the important awards are viz Right Livelihood Award, Mahatma Phule Award, Human Rights Defender’s Award from Amnesty International, Germany and Person of The Year BBC (1999). Like Medha, we should also raise our voices against social injustices in the country.

2. Use the information given below and complete the biography in about 80 to 100 words.
P.T. Usha
1964: Bom on May 20th at Payolli in Kerala
1973: Discovered by a dedicated physical education teacher
1975: Badly injured while practising for sub-junior district level athletics. Participated in 100 meters, 200 meters, long jump, high jump-first in all four events
1982: Two silver medals in New Delhi Asian Games
1984: Fourth place in 400 in at Los Angeles Olympics
1985: Best female Athlete in Jakarta Asian Meet
1986: Four gold and one silver medal at Seoul Asian games

P. T. Usha was bom at Payolli, Kerala on 20th May, 1964. In 1973 she was discovered by a dedicated physical education teacher who paved the right path for her career. In 1975, she was badly injured while practising for Sub-junior district level athletics. She participated in 100 m, 200 m, long jump and high jump. She bagged the first position in all the four events in spite of her injury. In 1982, she received two silver medals in the Asian Games held at the capital city of India. In 1984, she was placed fourth in 400 m at the Los Angeles Olympics. In 1985, P.T. Usha won the award for the best female athlete in Jakarta Asian Meet. In 1986, she also won four gold and one silver medal at the Seoul Asian Games.

3. Given below is a profile of Amartya Kumar Sen. Write a short biographical sketch of Amartya Kumar Sen using the clues given below.
Date of Birth: 3 November 1933
Field: Welfare economics, development economics, ethics
Alma mater: University of Calcutta (BA), University of Cambridge (BA, MA, PhD) Profession: An Indian economist and philosopher

Notable Rewards : Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Bharat Ratna 1999 Amartya Kumar Sen is an economist and a philosopher. He studied in University of Calcutta and Cambridge. While in Cambridge, he studied Philosophy and enriched his knowledge . He wanted the national economy to protect people from hunger and starvation. His thoughts took shape when he witnessed the Bengal famine in which 3 million people perished. In Bengal, for example, food production, while down on the previous year, was higher than in previous non-famine years. Sen points to a number of social and economic factors, such as declining wages, unemployment, rising food prices, and poor food-distribution, which led to starvation.

His welfare economics seeks to evaluate economic policies in terms of their effects on the well-being of the community. Sen, who devoted his career to such issues, was called the “conscience of his profession”. Governments and international organizations . handling food crises were influenced by Sen’s work. His views encouraged policy makers to pay attention not only to alleviating immediate suffering but also to finding ways to replace the lost income of the poor—for example through public works—and to maintain stable prices for food. A vigorous defender of political freedom, Sen believed that famines do not occur in functioning democracies because their leaders must be more responsive to the demands of the citizens.

In order for economic growth to be achieved, he argued, social reforms—such as improvements in education and public health—must precede economic reform. He was conferred Nobel Price for his outstanding contribution in Economic Sciences. He was also given India’s most prestigious awards “ Bharat Ratna “ in 1999. He married thrice in his life. He has houses in both UK and the USA.

4. On the basis of the hints given below, write down a short biographical sketch of Mahendra Singh Dhoni.
Birth: 7 July 1981
ODI debut: 23 December 2004 v Bangladesh
Achievements: In 2011, Time magazine included Dhoni in its annual Time 100 list as one of the “Most Influential People in the World.”
In 2012, Sports Pro rated Dhoni as the sixteenth most marketable athlete in the world.
4 times helped India win international Test Matches.
Awards: Padmashree (2009) and Padhma Bhusan (2018)

M.S. Dhoni is a 37 year old famous cricketer. He was bom in Ranchi on 7th July 1981. He is called fondly as Mahi by fans and friends. He is a great finisher of matches. He captained Indian Test cricket team from 2008 to 2014. As there were some dissatisfaction about his form, he resigned and dignifiedly wrote to the Cricket Board to reduce his salary. He is also called Mr. Cool. He very rarely loses his temper. He gives tips to team members and even opponents when they seek his advice. He has captained One Day International matches.

He has helped India World cup title thrice i.e. in 2007, 2011 and 2013. He has helped Indian Team to win 4 times in International test Matches and 7 times One day International matches. He is known for his reputed helicopter shots which take his team to the edge of success even under very adverse circumstances. He has been identified as the 23rd richest athlete in the world by Forbes magazine in 2015. In 2016, his bio-pic was released in the name “M.S. Dhoni. the untold story’. He married Shakshi and has a daughter called Ziva. He is the most successful captain in cricket India has ever had. His batting and wicket keeping are world class.

5. Use the following information and write a short biographical sketch of Mother Teresa.
Birth: 27 August 1910 of Albanian parents in Skopje
Real Name: Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu
1928: the Joined convent in Ireland; 18 years old
1929: Sent to Darjeeling, India
1931: Began teaching at Kolkata Girls’ School
1948: Left teaching to work among the poor in slums of Kolkata
1950-1996: Worked for the downtrodden and sick destitute
1979: Awarded Nobel Peace Prize Death: 5 September 1997

Mother Teresa was bom on 27 August 1910 to Albanian parents in Skopje. Her real name was Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. She joined a convent in Ireland in 1928 when she was just a teenager. At 18 years, she was sent to Darjeeling, India. Here, she began teaching in Kolkata Girls’ School in two years time. Later she left teaching to work among the poor in the slums of Kolkatta. She had a “call within the call” to help the poorest of the poor in Kolkata. From 1948, she started working for the downtrodden and sick destitute people. She started an orphanage and schools for poor children.

Her prayers for doing charitable work not only in India but also across the world got answered mysteriously. She begged food for children. She slowly got the support of the surrounding people. She started the missionaries of charity. Hundreds of people were rescued from the jaws of death. For her sincere, dedicated and selfless work, she was awarded the Nobel Prize for peace in 1979. She was a living legend of mercy. She left for her heavenly abode on 5th September 1997 and was beautified the same year by Pope John Paul II. Her funeral was attended by many world leaders.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Note-Making and Summarising, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Note-Making and Summarising

Notes are short written record of facts to aid the memory. Notes are usually taken to record a speech or dictation while listening to it or after reading a book, magazine or article. They are referred back whenever needed and may be reproduced in the desired way.

The Necessity Of Note-Making:
Knowledge is vast and unlimited, but our memory is limited. We cannot remember all the information all the time. Hence note-making is necessary. With the help of notes we can recall the entire information read/heard months ago. It is quite useful to students preparing for many subjects. At the time of examinations, it is not possible to go through voluminous books. At such critical times, notes are quite handy. Hence note-making fulfills three useful functions:

1. It keeps a lot of information at our disposal for ready reference.
2. It helps us reconstruct what was said or written and thus accelerates the process of remembering/recall.
3. It comes in handy in delivering a speech, participating in a debate/discussion, writing an essay and revising lessons before an examination.

How Note-Making Helps Us:
While making notes we do not simply read the passage/listen to speech but consider various points made by the writer/speaker and draw our own inferences about what is being presented. Thus note-making helps us in understanding the passage in a better way and organising our thoughts systematically.

Characteristics Of Good Notes:

• Short and Compact: Good notes must be short and compact.
• Complete Information: They must contain all the important information.
• Logical: They must be presented in a logical way.
• Understandable: They should be understandable when consulted at a later stage.

Mechanics Of Note-Making:
While making notes we follow certain standard practices. These may be listed as follows:
(a) Heading and Sub-headings
(b) Abbreviation and Symbols
(c) Note-form
(d) Numbering and Indentation

Heading And Sub-Headings:
The heading reflects the main theme whereas the sub-headings point out how it has been developed. The selection of proper heading and sub-heading reveals the grasp of the passage by the students. In the absence of proper assimilation of main ideas and subsidiary points, it is impossible to make notes.

Abbreviations And Symbols:
They are used for precision and economy of words and hence quite helpful in note-making. At least four recognizable abbreviations are to be used in note-making in your board examination. These are essential components of note-making. Students often make use of abbreviations and symbols in doing their written work.

Solved Questions
Read the following passages carefully and make notes or summarize.

Passage 1
The greatness of a country depends upon its people. India is fortunate to have vast human resources. Our countrymen are second to none in intelligence and in doing hard work. From the ancient period, Indians excelled in art architecture, knowledge of metals, medicines, literature etc. After our independence in 1947, the government took steps to improve our country in all spheres.

By the five-years plans, provisions are made for the development of the country. The first five-year plan was specially designed to improve irrigational methods. By the green revolution, we attained self-sufficiency in the field of agricultural production. The present age is the atomic age. India too established an Atomic Energy Commission t under the guidance of Dr. Bhabha. India made the first successful nuclear explosion on 18th May, 1974.

This made India the sixth member of the world nuclear club. It was purely the efforts of the Indian Scientists alone. We have sent our Indian Cosmonaut to space also on 3rd April, 1984. Shri Rakesh Sharma, the best pilot of the India Air Force travelled into space with two Soviet Spacemen in Soyuz I Spaceship.

True Indians

Note making:
Indians best human resources – excelled in architecture, metallurgy and medicine – five year plans – initial – agriculture development – Energy development focus – drive future – atomic energy nuclear implosion on 18th may 1974. Space also rapid strides – Indian Cosmonaut on 3rd April 1984 – Rakesh Sharma I Cosmonaut.

OR

Summary: Rough draft
Indians have been great human resources. Since ancient times, the have excelled in various fields such as metallurgy, medicine and architecture in the ancient period itself. After 1947, the Government through five year plans attained self-sufficiency in agricultural production. Gradually the Government focused on developing atomic energy and space technology. Atomic implosion in 1974 and conquest of space in 1984 are best examples of India’s success in joining space club and energy development.

Fair draft
Ancient Indians proved their expertise in metallurgy, medicine and architecture. After 1947, the country focused on agricultural self-sufficiency through five year plAnswer:She attained it in agricultural production. Then India joined the small band of atomic energy producing countries and by atomic explosion in 1974 proved her power. She also joined space club in 1984 by sending Rakesh Sharma to space.

Passage 2
A proper consideration of value of time will inspire habits of punctuality. “Punctuality, said Louis XIV, is the politeness of kings”, it is also the duty of gentlemen and the necessity of men of business. Nothing begets confidence in a man sooner than the practice of this virtue and nothing shakes confidence sooner than the want of it. He who holds to his appointment and does not keep you waiting for him shows that he has regard for your time as well as for his own. Thus punctuality is one of the modes by which we testify our personal respect for those whom we are called upon to meet in the business of life.

It also conscientious in a measure for an appointment is a contract, expressed or implied and he who does not keep it, breaks faith as well dishonestly loses character. We naturally come to the conclusion that the person who is careless about time will be careless about business and he isn’t the one to be trusted with the transaction of matters of importance.

These are the main reasons, why laxatives, indigestion-remedies, painkillers, cough-mixtures, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets, nose drops, ointments and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person’s health, it may even make it worse. Worse, because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worst of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be asked and therefore medical help may not be sought. Self-diagnosis is a greater danger than self-medication.

Punctuality

Note making:
Punctuality – duty of kings – necessity of men of business – punctuality gains confidence – careless with time – loss of faith – business opportunities – consideration of value of time indispensable for success in life.

OR

Summary: Rough draft
Punctuality is the politeness of kings. It is also the duty of gentlemen and the necessity of men of business. A punctual man has regard for time and himself. It is sure that a person who is careless in time will be careless in all actions, business, etc. He will not be trusted with the transaction of matters of importance.

Fair draft:
Punctuality is the duty’ of gentlemen and necessity of businessmen. It gives immense faith, trust and confidence on them. Punctuality in keeping up appointments proves one’s personal respect for the other person’s time. It is sure that a person who is careless in time and who does not keep up time will be careless in all actions, business etc. He will not be trusted with the transaction of matters of importance. So, to succeed in personal as well as business life. One should have a proper consideration of the value of time.

Passage 3
Some people think that the aim of education is merely to give knowledge. These people want students to read books, books, books and do nothing else but add to their knowledge. Others believe that knowledge alone is not enough; only that which enables a man to earn his living can be called education. Such people think that bread is more important than anything else. Still others believe that education should aim solely at making good citizens and good patriots.

All these people see only one of the several purpose of education. As a matter of fact, education should aim at all these three things together. It should give men, knowledge, make them self-reliant and able to serve others. Education should not produce citizens who, while they love their own freedom, take away the freedom of others. It should produce men who love their own country but who do not want to harm other countries.

The true aim of education

Note making:
Merely to give knowledge – knowledge not enough – earn a living – no to make good citizens and patriots – in fact all the three – achieve – give knowledge – self-reliant – serve other – not selfish people – patriots who love other countrymen as well.

OR

Summary of the passage: Rough draft

There are diverse opinions about the aims of education. First school think that pursuit knowledge in the aim of education. Second school says it should empower him to earn living. Third school says education must aim only at citizen marketing. In fact the real aim of education should address all the three. Education should produce citizens with love for mother land and other land and have knowledge self- reliance and tenderly to serve others.

Fair draft:
There are three different schools of thoughts on the aim of education. They are viz to pursue knowledge, gain earing capacity, to become self-reliant and finally to become good citizens. The true aim of education must be the combination of all the three. Education must enable students to gain knowledge, acquire wage earning skills and also become good citizens with love for motherland and other lands.

Passage 4
Compared to a motorbike or car, the bicycle is a slow moving vehicle but its popularity has been on the increase in recent years. There are many reasons for this. Firstly, the bicycle does not require petrol or diesel as a car or motorbike does. In these days of fuel shortage this is definite advantage; it draws power from the rider. The bicycle, moreover, is small, light and convenient. There are no parking problems.

Another reason for its popularity is that it takes one, to one’s destination with more certainty than cars or large motorbikes which are often held up in traffic jams. Then, there is the fact that the bicycle causes absolutely no pollution. It produces no noise and no smoke. Finally, it is now known that riding a bicycle is good exercise which tones up one’s muscles. No wonder, more and more people prefer a bicycle to other modes of transport.

Cycle – the best mode of transport

Note making:
Cycles – advantage over cars and bikes – popular – no petrol or diesel – small – no parking issue – Traffic jam – no issue – no pollution – tones up muscles – a good exercise.

OR

Summary of the passage: Rough draft
The cycle’s popularity is on the high. It doesn’t need petrol or diesel. Due to fuel shortage, cycle is a definite advantage. It is small, light, convenient. No parking problems and traffic jams. Moreover cycle causes no pollution, noise or smoke. Cycling is a good exercise that tones up muscles.

Fair draft:
Cycle has many advantages over other modes of transport. Its popularity is on the increase. It doesn’t need petrol or diesel. Cycle is a definite advantage. It is small, light, convenient.

Parking problems and traffic jams do not affect the cyclist’s progress. Moreover, cycle causes no pollution such. Cycling keeps one fit, tones up one’s muscles.

Passage 5
Did you ever have a small boy complain of having to hang about a railway station and wait for a train? No, for to him to be inside a railway station is to be inside a cavern of wonder and a palace of poetical pleasures. Because to him the red light and the green light on the signal are like a new sun and a new moon. Because to him when the wooden arm of the signal falls down suddenly, it is as if a great king had thrown down his staff as a signal and started a shrinking tournament of trains.

I myself am of little boy’s, habit in this matter. They also serve who only stand and wait for the two fifteen. Their meditations may be full of rich and fruitful things. Many of the most purple hours of my life have been passed at Clapham junction. Which is now, I suppose, under water. I have been there in many moods so fixed any mystical that the water might well have come up to my waist, before I noticed it particularly.

Note making: Mystical Pleasure
Children happy – waiting for train – not bored – cavern of wonder – poetic pleasure – red and green signals – sun and moon – wooden signal staff- akin to king’s scepter – controlling the flow – tournament of trains – The author like Milton – waits and serves – purple hours of youth – Railway station – now under water gets lost – waist deep in water – undergo same mystical pleasures.

OR

Summary: Rough draft
A small boy never complains to wait for a train. To him, a railway station is a place of wonder and a palace of poetical pleasure. The red light and green light are like a new sun and a moon.

The wooden arm is like a staff of king. The author also has the same feeling. He spent many of his purple hours at Clapham Junction. He visits the shot remembering the past.

Fair draft:
A small boy never complains to wait for a train. To him, a railway station is a place of wonder and a palace of poetical pleasure. The red light .and green light are like a new sun and a moon. The wooden arm is like a staff of a king. The author also has the same feeling. He spent many of his purple hours at Clapham Junction which is now under water. Under nostalgia, the author is lost in mystical thoughts in waist-deep water.

Students can Download Maths Chapter 4 Geometry Ex 4.3 Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 4 Geometry Ex 4.3

Miscellaneous Practice problems

Question 1.
The bishop, in given picture of chess board, can move diagonally along dark squares. Describe the translations of the bishop after two moves as shown in the figure.

Solution:
For first: 2 →, 2↓; For second move: 5 ←, 5↓

Question 2.
Write a possible translation for each of chess piece for a single move.

Solution:
Pawn – 1 ↑ or 2↑
Rook – 1 to 8 ↑
Knight – 2 →,1 ↑or 2 ←,1 ↑ or 1 →,2 ↑or 1 ←,2↑
Bishop – 1 →,1 ↑ or 2 →,2↑or 3 →,3↑ or 4 →,4↑ or 5 → 5 ↑1 ←,1↑ or 2 ←,2↑or 3 ←,3↑or 4 ←,4↑ or 5 ← 5↑
Queen – 1 to 8 ,1 →, 1 ↑ or 2 →,2↑ or 3 → ,3↑or 4 → ,4↑or 5 →,5↑or 1 ←,↑1 or 2 ←,2 ↑or
3 ←,3 ↑ or 4 ←,4 ↑ or 5 ← 5↑
King – 1 → or ← or ↑

Question 3.
Referring the graphic given, answer the following questions. Each bar of the category is made up of boy-girl-boy unit, (i) Which categories show a boy- girl-boy unit that is translation within the bar? (ii) Which categories show a boy-girl-boy unit that is reflected within the bar?

Solution:
(i) Essay Writing category shows translation
(ii) Essay Writing and Mono Acting categories shows reflection

Question 4.
Given figure is a floor design in which the length of the small red equilateral triangle is 30 cm. All the triangles and hexagons are regular. Describe the translations in cm, represented by the (i) yellow line (ii) black line (iii) blue line.

Solution:
(i) 120cm →, 210cm ↓
(ii) 270cm ← ,330cm ↑
(iii) 150 cm →

Question 5.
Describe the transformation involved in the following pair of figures (letters). Write translation, reflection or rotation.

Solution:
(i) rotation
(ii) reflection
(iii) translation
(iv) reflection
(v) rotation
(vi) reflection
(vii) rotation
(viii) translation

Challenge problems

Question 1.
In chess, a knight can move only in an L-shaped pattern:

• two vertical squares, then one horizontal square;
• two horizontal squares, then one vertical square;
• one vertical square, then two horizontal squares; or
• one horizontal square, then two vertical squares.

Write a series of translations to move the knight from g8 to g5 (at most two moves)
Solution:.
2 ←,1↓ and then 1 ←, 2↓ (or) 2 ←, 1↓and then 1 ← ,2↓

Question 2.
The pink shape is congruent to blue shape. Describe a sequence of transformations in which the blue shape is the image of pink shape.

Solution:
(i) Translation 3 ←, 5↑ and 90° counter clockwise rotation about the green point and translates 5 ←, 2↓,
(ii) Translation 2 ← 90° counter clockwise rotation about the green point and translates 2 ←, 2↓.

Question 3.

Solution:

Question 4.
Draw concentric circles given that radius of inner circle is 4.5 cm and width of circular ring is 2.5 cm.
Solution:
Give radius of inner circle = 4.5 cm
Width of circular ring is 2.5 cm
Radius of outer circle = 4.5 + 2.5 = 7 cm

Step 1 : Drawn a rough diagram and marked the given measurements
Step 2 : Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3 : With O as center and drawn a circle of radius OA = 4.5 cm.
Step 4 : With O as center drawn a circle of radius OB = 4.5 + 2.5 = 7 cm. Thus the concentric circles C₁ and C₂ are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA
= 7 – 4.5 = 2.5 cm

Question 5.
Draw concentric circles given that radius of outer circle is 5.3 cm and width of circular ring is 1.8 cm.
Solution:
Give radius of outer circle = 5.3 cm
Width of circular ring = 1.8 cm
Radius of the inner circle = 5.3 – 1.8
= 3.5 cm

Step 1: Drawn a rough diagram and marked the given measurements
Step 2 : Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3 : With O as center drawn a circle of radius OA =3.5 cm.
Step 4 : With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OB = 5.3 cm. Thus concentric circles
C₁ and C₂ are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA
= 5.3 – 3.5 = 1.8 cm

Students can Download Maths Chapter 4 Geometry Ex 4.2 Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 4 Geometry Ex 4.2

Question 1.
Draw circles for the following measurements of radius (r)/ diameters(d).
(i) r = 4 cm
(ii) d = 12 cm
(iii) r = 3.5 cm
(iv) r = 6.5 cm.
(v) d = 6 cm
Solution:
(i) r = 4 cm

Step 1 : Market a point ‘O’ on the paper.
Step 2 : Extended the compass distance equal to radius 4 cm.
Step 3 : At center ‘O’, helded the compass firmly and placed the pointed end of the compass.
Step 4 : Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.

(ii) d = 12 cm
given d= 12 cm
∴ radius r = \(\frac { d }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac { 12 }{ 2 } \) = 6 cm

Step 1: Marked a point ‘O’ on the paper.
Step 2: Extended the compass distance equal to radius 6 cm.
Step 3: At center ‘O’, held the compass firmly and placed the pointed end of the compass.
Step 4: Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.

(iii) r = 3.5 cm

Step 1: Market a point ‘O’ on the paper.
Step 2: Extended the compass distance equal to radius 3.5 cm.
Step 3: At center ‘O’, held the compass firmly and placed the pointed end of the compass.
Step 4: Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.

(iv) r = 6.5 cm

Step 1: Market a point ‘O’ on the paper.
Step 2: Extended the compass distance equal to radius 6.5 cm.
Step 3: At center ‘O’, held the compass firmly and placed the pointed end of the compass.
Step 4: Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.

(v) d = 6 cm
∴ radius r = \(\frac { d }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac { 6 }{ 2 } \) = 3 cm

Step 1: Market a point ‘O’ on the paper.
Step 2: Extended the compass distance equal to radius 3 cm.
Step 3: At center ‘O’, held the compass firmly and placed the pointed end of the compass.
Step 4: Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.

Question 2.
Draw concentric circles for the following measurements of radii / diameters. Find out the width of each circular ring.
(i) r = 3 cm and r = 5 cm.
(ii) r = 3.5 cm and r = 6.5 cm.
(iii) d = 6.4 cm and d = 11.6 cm.
(iv) r = 5 cm and r = 7.5 cm.
(vi) r = 7.1 cm and d = 12 cm.
Solution:
(i) r = 3 cm and r = 5 cm.

Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 5 – 3 = 2 cm
Step 1: Drawn a rough diagram and market the given measurements
Step2: Taken any point O and marked it as center.
Step 3: With O as center drawn a circle of radius OA = 3 cm.
Step 4: With O as center drawn a circle of radius OB = 5 cm. Thus concentric circles C₁ and C₂ are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 5 – 3 = 2 cm

(ii) r = 3.5 cm and r = 6.5 cm

Step 1: Drawn a rough diagram and market the given measurements
Step 2: Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3: With O as center drawn a circle of radius OA = 3.5 cm.
Step 4: With O as center drawn a circle of radius OB = 6.5 cm. Thus the concentric circles C₁ and C₂ are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 6.5 – 3.5 = 3 cm

(iii) d = 6.4 cm and d = 11.6 cm
r = \(\frac { d }{ 2 } \)
r = \(\frac { 6.4 }{ 2 } \) = 3.2 cm; r = \(\frac { 11.6 }{ 2 } \) = 5.8 cm

Step 1: Drawn a rough diagram and market the given measurements
Step 2: Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3: With O as center drawn a circle of radius OA =3.2 cm.
Step 4: With O as center and drawn a circle of radius OB = 5.8 cm. Thus the concentric circles C₁ and C₂ are drawn.

Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 5.8 – 3.2 = 2.6 cm

(iv) r = 5 cm and r = 7.5 cm

Step 1 : Drawn a rough diagram and market the given measurements
Step 2 : Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3 : With O as center drawn a circle of radius OA = 5 cm.
Step 4 : With O as center drawn a circle of radius OB = 7.5 cm. Thus the concentric circles C₁ and C₂ are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 7.5 – 5 = 2.5 cm

(v) d = 6.2 cm and r = 6.2 cm.
r = \(\frac { d }{ 2 } \)
∴ r = \(\frac { 6.2 }{ 2 } \) = 3.1 cm and r = 6.2 cm

Step 1: Drawn a rough diagram and market the given measurements
Step 2: Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3: With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OA = 3.1 cm.
Step 4: With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OB = 6.2 cm.
Thus the concentric circles C₁ and C₂ are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 6.2 – 3.1 = 3.1 cm

(vi) r = 7.1 cm and d = 12 cm.
r = \(\frac { d }{ 2 } \)
∴ r = \(\frac { 12 }{ 2 } \) = 6 cm and r = 7.1 cm

Step 1: Drawn a rough diagram and marked the given measurements
Step 2 : Taken any point O and marked it as center.
Step 3 : With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OA = 6 cm.
Step 4 : with O as center, drawn a circle of radius OB = 7.1 cm. Thus concentric circles
C₁ and C₂ are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 7.1 – 6 = 1.1 cm

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Expansion of Proverbs, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar Expansion of Proverbs

How To Write a Proverb Expansion or Expansion of an idea?
The expansion of an idea or expansion of a proverb is simple and straightforward. It involves 5 easy steps.

They are:

• Step 1: Understand the symbol of the words in the proverb
• Step 2: Substitute the meaning in the idea or the proverb
• Step 3: Look for a story or anecdote or example or illustration
• Step 4: Look for similar proverbs or ideas
• Step 5: Sum up the paragraph

Question 1.
Explain the meaning of the proverb ‘Procrastination Is The Thief Of Time’ in about 50 words.
Answer:
It has been said, “Never put off for tomorrow’ what you can do today”. Yet there are many people who enjoy postponing things. Such people do not realize the dangers of delaying. Work does not disappear if we postpone it. The difficulty of the work does not get reduced by postponing it. The more we postpone, the more the work piles up. Finally, the load of work seems too much. We then have to work for many days at a stretch under great strain and tension. Finally we do it hurriedly and in a careless manner. It is as bad as not doing the work at all.

Again, when some work is delayed, the time which would have been profitably used is wasted. Time wasted is time lost forever. Hence procrastination, that is the habit of postponing things, is rightly called the thief of time. Precious time wasted means opportunities lost, and lost forever. By the time we realize how much time we have wasted and how many opportunities we have missed by delaying word, it may be too late. And then nothing remains for us except to regret and repent. Sometimes a very heavy price has to be paid for delaying things.

The person who delays insuring his factory will regret it when the factory is gutted by a sudden fire. Delay in the treatment of a disease may make it worse, and may even result in death. There are other proverbs conveying similar meaning. Thus we say: “Time and tide wait for no man” and “A stitch in time saves nine”. All these proverbs warn us against the dangers of delay in actions, and stress the importance of timely action and punctuality.

Question 2.
Explain the meaning of the proverb, “Cut Your Coat According To Your Cloth” in about 50 words.
Answer:
If you give a piece of cloth to a tailor to make a coat, the tailor will first measure the cloth and will take your measurement to find if the cloth is enough to make a coat. Then he would decide what kind of coat has to be made out of it. He will not be able to make a coat that requires more material than the cloth provided. The same is the case with our expenses and income. Our expenses should always be within the limits of our income. Otherwise, we surely land in deep debts and insurmountable difficulties. The proverb thus tells us not to spend more than what we earn i.e., to live within our means.

Question 3.
Explain the meaning of the proverb, “Honesty is The Best Policy” in about 50 words.
Answer:
The key word in the proverb is ‘Policy’. According to the dictionary, a ‘policy’ is a plan or a course of action or a guiding principle that influences our actions. Looking at the proverb with this insight, we understand that ‘honesty is the best plan or course of action or guiding principle’.It is not because the wise said that honesty is best policy, but because it makes sense to be honest. An honest person is upright and has no fear of guilt. He or she has a clear conscience.

Over and above all he or she has the priceless treasure of peace of mind. In addition, dishonestly causes undue and unnecessary stress. Research shows that dishonesty weakens the immune system. This results in a host of physical illnesses. On the emotional plane, honesty strengthens our self-image whereas dishonesty damages our self-esteem. Thus, honesty is the best policy.

Question 4.
Explain the meaning of the proverb, “As You Sow, So Shall You Reap” in about 50 words.
Answer:
The source of the proverb is the Bible: “What so ever a man soweth, that shall he also reap.” The religious meaning of the proverb is that one will be rewarded or punished according to the kind of life one leads a virtuous or a sinful. Accordingly, happiness or misery in our life is the result of our own deeds. In an extended sense, the proverb suggests that we are responsible for the consequences of our actions. Every action of ours has a result. Good actions produce good results where as bad actions produce bad results. The results are proportionate to the efforts men put in.

A person who sins throughout life one cannot expect salvation. A student who wanders throughout the year cannot think of cracking NEET examination. In much the same way, a farmer’s hard labour under the hot sun is returned to him in the form of rich yield of his crops. The output of the farmer is dependent on the quality of the seeds and the manner of the sowing. Every discipline has its own character and demands and until one fulfils them he cannot reach anywhere.

Rise and success in life demand labour, industry, toil and effort. A good result is a manifestation of intense efforts that have gone into its making. Florence Nightingale’s name we lovingly recall because of the love and care with which she nursed the wounded soldiers. Hitler creates terror in our hearts and is abhorred to this day. in a nutshell, one cannot achieve fair ends by using foul means. Even if one does, it is short-lived. Lasting peace cannot be brought about by violent means. Thus, it becomes clear that ‘as you sow, so shall you reap’.

Question 5.
Explain the meaning of the proverb “Example Is Better Than Precept” in about 50 words.
Answer:
Prophet Mohammed practised what he preached. Every day he used to give away what ever he earned the whole day. On the last day of his life, he could not sleep .He asked his devoted wife if she had retained money from that day’s profit. The lady had kept five dinars hoping that it might help her defray funeral expenses of her beloved husband who had not kept any money on himself. With reluctance she produced the five Dinars. Prophet said, “ Go and give the money to some one in need and come back” She was cross and asked him,” who will come to receive this money at midnight “.

As Prophet insisted she went to the door step half-heartedly. She returned after a few’ minutes. She said, a beggar extended his hand on seeing , me and said “ I have not eaten anything because I had money on me . Please give me some money so that I could buy some food. Prophet smiled and said.” Have trust in God. God knew that you will go out at this time and He had mercifully sent a needy person to receive it. Likewise, when you are in need, He will send some one with the money you need” From this wonderful anecdote ,w’e understand example is better than precept.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Essay/Paragraph Writing, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Essay/Paragraph Writing

Write an essay in about 150 -200 words on the following:

Education Gives Power

Education provides us knowledge. It trains our mind and sharpens our skills and abilities. Education refines our tastes and temperaments and builds our thought process. Vocational courses help young boys to earn and leam together. They provide means of earning a livelihood and open the route to employment. Professional courses, as is evident from the name itself, equip us for adopting various professions. Some of these highly skilled professionals seek placements or jobs in esteemed companies and business concerns. Thus education is important for our survival.

Decent living is impossible without good income or high salary. Education improves the quality of our life and frees us of superstition, foolish, meaningless mind-blocks and rituals. If women are educated the whole family benefits as the food is hygienically prepared, children are healthy, well-mannered and disciplined. Education gives us power over our environment. We can control the situation and shape our destiny. Education spreads awareness among people and gives them freedom from social ills. It makes people independent by providing them means to earn their living.

They become responsible citizens and realise their rights and duties. In short, education gives one power.

My ambition in life.

Taking a photo or posing for a photo is something that I have always enjoyed even as a small little kid. There’s one thing that gets me to do and excites me. It is photography and that really stands out from all the rest. I always think of going all over the world and take shots of everything worth seeing. I want to stick to photography all the time. I think I will never get tired of it. Even as a kindergartener, I used to admire pictures taken and collect pictures. I always asked my parents to get me a camera. For my 14th birthday, I was gifted an SLR because of my passion for photography.

I know there’s so much I have to leam about photography and I am trying to learn more and more about it. I joined a photography class after my tenth exams. I always used to take part in competitions and win prizes. I think there are many people in my community who are really good at photography and present outstanding photographs regarding nature’s beauty and others. Many of them held photography contests to motivate and encourage new photographers. I now have a craze to do Candid Photography. I know for sure that I can pursue this as a hobby as well as my profession. If you love your job, you will never feel the pressure of working and hence I have decided to become a photographer for my life.

The impact of Computers in the modern world.

Computer technology since 17th Century has infused a high level of implication especially within the latter half of the twentieth century. Computers have distorted contemporary lifestyles. The automobile industry has enhanced its designs to advance comfort and services. Research and technology industries have been able to obtain augmentation in social wellbeing. The leisure industry have also benefited from this. Socially, computers and the internet have improved the communication process in terms of dependability and openness. Statistics proves increased number of users.

The advertisement industry has matured over the years with various promotional channels. Teleconferencing as a means of working has also supported trade growth. Unemployment levels have been checked with the ease of information distribution. Computers have also positively transformed the learning field to enhance the learning process with the inclusion of superior teaching techniques. This has infused variances within classrooms from the conventional teaching forms and learning has become more appealing.

Additionally, distance learning has improved with the internet especially in undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Despite the various benefits accorded to computer technology in the current world setting, various harmful impacts have also been recognized. Malware includes the use of infected programs. Business rivals may tend towards unethical practices. Identity theft is used for criminal practices with the perpetrators concealed on internet application.

Cashing in on the students’ love for ICTbased learning, QR code is imbedded in the latest text books in Tamil Nadu. Students now access lesson related videos and learn easily. In conclusion, computers have both merits and demerits within the current society and efforts should be to reduce the disadvantages for a better world.

The Importance of Newspaper Reading

Newspaper reading is indeed a good habit that can provide a great sense of educational and information about politics, economy, entertainment, sports, business, industry, trade and commerce. This habit will improve your and vocabulary. Many people have habits of reading daily newspapers that their day seems incomplete without taking hold of early morning newspapers. Here are some of the benefits that you can get by reading daily newspapers. They carry the news of the world and you feel you have visited many places reading news about various places.

Reading a newspaper is a good habit and it is already a part of the modem life. This habit will broaden your viewpoint and will augment your information. It makes you well informed and enables you to take part in every conversation pertaining to the world’s contemporary events. Reading newspapers wll improve your nowledge in general and it will be easy for you to relate to other people who often talk about current events and politics. Through newspapers, you will have an apparent thought and perceptive of what is happening in your country and the world around.

Role of Women in Modern India

Today women in India occupy challenging positions. There are women pilots and women serve the armed forces too. There are successful IAS and IPS officers. Kiran Bedi is an example for a successful police officer. There are women chief ministers, M.P.s and M.L.A.s. To add a feather to their cap, Mrs. Indira Gandhi was a successful Prime minister.

Our constitution guarantees equal rights to women. In Tamil Nadu, the right of inheritance has been given to women. Education and employment has been made a basic necessity for women. Though there are many progresses in the lives of women, still the other side of the coin is noteworthy and terrific. Dowry death and Eve teasing still prevails. Female baby is still considered a burden and female infanticide is still in existence. Male chauvinism is hurting women.

Sania Mirza, Kalpana Chawla, Sunitha Williams and many such women add glory to womanhood. Government must give 50% reservations to women in higher education and career choice.

Decision making is a challenge

Decision making is a process that plays a vital role in our daily lives. Some decisions are not very important whereas other imperative decisions, when cautiously carried out, can change the path of our lives. When faced with a crisis, one of the major issues is deciding the right thing. Decision making can be quite complicated and challenging in some cases. It is hence essential to gather as much information from different sources and assess all possible alternatives to the problem or situation at hand before making a decision. Doing so will permit us to land at the best possible result for the problem.

Such decisions can’t be an overnight one. It takes a couple of months to investigate and consult with friends, family and university professors to make a decision. Low cost tuition fee and the course time are also a big influence in taking decisions. An advantage of such decisions can only be an outcome of research and discussion and there is no conflict in that. This significantly decreases the probability of risk in any decision making.

If a decision is made correct and one is quite pleased with the way it is turning out to be then one has crossed all barriers. It is imperative that one makes decisions in consultation with parents opinions and check on other surveys and researches to avoid challenges.

Students can Download Maths Chapter 4 Geometry Additional Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 4 Geometry Additional Questions

Additional Questions and Answers

Exercise 4.1

Question 1.
Give some examples of shapes with no line of symmetry.
Solution:
1. A scalene Triangle
2. The letter F

Question 2.
What is the order of rotational symmetry of the letter N?
Solution:
2

Exercise 4.2

Question 1.
Construct a circle of radius 5.2 cm with center ‘O’.

Solution:
Step 1: Market a point‘O’on the paper.
Step 2: Extended the compass distance equal to radius 5.2 cm.
Step 3: At center ‘O’, held the compass firmly and placed the pointed end of the compass.
Step 4: Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.

Question 2.
Draw concentric circles with radii 5.2cm and 6.6cm. Find the width of the circular ring.
Solution:

Step 1: Drawn a rough diagram and marked the given measurements Taken any
Step 2: Take any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3: With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OA = 5.2 cm.
Step 4:With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OB = 6.6 cm. Thus the concentric circles C₁ and C₂ are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 6.6 – 5.2 = 1.4 cm

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Letter Writing, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Letter Writing

Letters are the most common forms of written communication. Writing letters is an art and it is mastered through practice. We write letters to friends and relatives to maintain contacts with them. However, in the present times with the boom in methods of communication, many of us don’t have the time or the inclination, or the temperament and the art to write letters. So telephone, fax and e-mail have replaced personal (informal) letters. However, formal letters are still in vogue.

Commerce, trade, official correspondence, public representation, complaints and other dealings, transactions and communication with the people are still conducted through letters. Students are therefore advised to cultivate the art and skill of letter writing. It must be remembered that different kinds of letters follow different conventions. So, the format should suit the type.

Informal Letters
These are ordinary personal letters and informal invitations written to relatives, friends and acquaintances. The main characteristics of informal letters are:

• These letters are first/second person presentations.
• Personal feelings and emotions find expression.
• The writer’s address is given in the usual place.
• The salutation is usually ‘Dear’ plus ‘Name’.
• The date of writing is given, but the year is generally omitted.
• The style and tone are relaxed and informal.
• Different tenses are used as the sense demands.
• The complimentary close is: ‘Yours lovingly’ or ‘Yours truly’.

Formal Letters
A formal letter is different from a personal letter in tone and content. These letters are written for official purposes or commercial correspondence, so they must be systematic, specific in content and formalin treatment of the subject.

The main features of formal letters are:

• The matter is brief, clear and to the point.
• There are separate paragraphs for separate topics.
• The first paragraph indicates the theme of the letter.
• The facts are stated in simple and direct language.
• Long and high sounding words are avoided.
• Even while lodging a complaint or making criticism, the tone should be polite.
• Clumsy expressions should not be used.
• The complimentary close is: ‘Yours sincerely’, or ‘Yours faithfully’.

Format/Layout Of A Formal Letter
08th March, 20XX

From
XXX
Sender’s Address & Phone No.
To
THE DIRECTOR
Addressee’s Address
………………………………
………………………………
Respected Sir/Madam,

SUB: For the post of a Senior Accountant
REF: The Hindu dated 06/03/20XX

With reference to your advertisement dated 6th March, 20XX in The Hindu, I hereby wish to apply for the post of a Senior Accountant in your esteemed organization.

If given an opportunity I assure you of my sincere service to the satisfaction of my superiors. Please find enclosed my Bio-data for your kind perusal and looking forward to a positive reply at the earliest.

Thank you,
Yours sincerely,
XXX

To
THE DIRECTOR
………………………….
………………………….

Note: There is no punctuation after From and To Thank you has been used instead of Thanking you

Types Of Formal Letters
A. Business Letters

• Making enquiries/asking for information
• Replying to enquiries/giving information
• Placing orders and sending replies
• Cancelling orders
• Letters of complaints

B. Official Letters

• Registering complaints regarding civic amenities, law & order, etc.
• Making enquiries pertaining to developmental projects, health facilities, etc.
• Making requests/appeals

C. Letter To The Editor

• Giving suggestions on an issue (usually of public interest)
• Expressing views on an issue already raised in an article/write-up/in a published letter

D. Letter Of Application

• Applications for jobs

What Is A Bio-Data?
The application for a job is sometimes accompanied by a bio-data of the applicant. The bio¬data is also called a resume or curriculum vitae (C.V.). It contains the following information about the candidate:

• Personal information, e.g., age, health, sex, etc.
• Educational/professional qualifications
• Experience/suitability for the job

Bio-Data
Name – XXX
Date Of Birth – 8th May, 1986
Marital Status – Married
Husband’S Name – Mr. Shandy Rajeevan
Address For Communication – YYY
Contact Number – Mobile – 9988776655
Residence – 012 22445566
Mother Tongue – Tamil
Language Known – English and Tamil Hindi and Malayalam (to speak)
Passport Number – A7265511

Educational Background : (In reverse chronological order)

Professional Experience : (In reverse chronological order)

Hobbies – Photography, Gardening, Reading, Travelling
Expected Salary – Rs 35,000/ per month
Salary Drawn – Rs 32,000/ per month
Reference – 1. Mr. Ravi (XYZ Pvt. Ltd.) 9998887777, 2. Mrs. Rani (Raj Enterprises) 9900000222

Declaration
I hereby declare that the above given information is true to my knowledge.

STATION: YYY XXX
DATE : 08.03.20

XX
Signature Of The Applicant

Solved Questions
Informal Letter
(i) Write a letter to your father and mother seeking his permission to join Karate class.

Dear Mom and Dad,

Chennai
01.02.19

I’m fine. I hope all are fine at home. I wish to join the karate class. Mr. Saravanan is the instructor. The charges are only two hundred rupees per month. The classes start next Monday. Please give me permission.

Thank you,

Yours lovingly,
XYZ

To
Mr. Mukesh,
12, Railway Station Road,
Nagercoil

(ii) Write a letter to your grandmother enquiring of her health and informing her of your arrival during vacation.
Answer:
Dear Grandma,

Chennai
09.03.19

How are you my dear grandma? I’m fine and am waiting for my vacation. I am coming to visit you and spend the vacation with you, listening to your stories and having your handmade delicacies. I’ll reach Trichy on 25.04.2019. Anxiously waiting to meet you. Love you, grandma.

Thank you,

Yours lovingly,
XYZ

To
Mrs. Seema Mani,
15, MG Road,
Trichy

Formal Letter
Letter Of Enquiry
(i) As Cultural Secretary of your school, write a letter to the Cultural Program Co-ordinator, Don Bosco School requesting him/her for details regarding the inter-school competitions to be held on 20.1.2019.
Answer:
05 Jan, 2019
B. Amrita
Chettinad School
Ramapuram
Chennai

Cultural Program Co-ordinator
Don Bosco School
Perambur Sir,

Sub: Information regarding inter-school competitions
We have received the notification about the inter-school competitions to be held in your school. Kindly confirm the details that is mentioned in the poster.

1. Participants from school: 25 No.s
2. Registration fees : Rs. 250/- (DD attached)
3. Time of entry: 8.30 am
4. No. of competitions a participant can take part in: 3
5. No. of teachers to accompany students: 3
6. Last date for registration: 10.01.2019

The specific conditions and eligibility criteria may please be intimated to us.
I hope you will provide the necessary information at the earliest.

Yours faithfully
B. Amrita
Sports Secretary

To
Cultural Program Co-ordinator
Don Bosco School, Perambur
Chennai

(ii) Roshan M. of 12 Gandhi Nagar, Chennai, a Class XII student of the Science stream sees this advertisement.

He writes a letter to the institute seeking information about the subjects taught, the timings of the classes, class size and fees. Write his letter.
Answer:
16 March, 2019
Roshan M.
12, Gandhi Nagar
Chennai
The Director
Success Institute
10-A, Race Course Road, Guindy
Chennai

Sir,
Sub: Coaching for NEET
Kindly refer to your advertisement in the Deccan Times dated 14 March. I would like more information and details about NEET coaching the institute offers, facilities available, timings, fee structure and size of classes/groups. I need special coaching in Physics and Chemistry. Please let me know if coaching is available in all these subjects and what is the schedule. Does your institute cater to individual difficulties or do you discuss and resolve general problems?

Kindly enlighten me on all the above points. In case you have a detailed information booklet, do send it to my address given above.

Yours faithfully
Roshan M.

To
The Director
Success Institute
10-A, Race Course Road, Guindy
Chennai

(iii) You are Raghu/Ragini of Tirunelveli. As the teacher in charge of an excursion party that your school is sending on an educational tour to Ajanta and Elora Caves during the Christmas vacation write a letter of inquiry to Happy Tours & Travels, Tirunelveli seeking information regarding transport, accommodation etc.
Answer:
10 March 2019
Ragini R.
5th Main Road, Anbu Nagar
Tirunelveli

M/s Happy Tours & Travels
8, Thendral Nagar
Tirunelveli

Sir,
Sub: Seeking information regarding transport, accommodation etc.

Adithya Vidhya Niketan – Matric Higher Secondry Schoo, Tirunelveli is planning an educational tour of students and teachers to the world famous caves of Ajanta and Elora. The tour party will consist of 20 senior students, two teachers and a peon. We would appreciate if you provide us the specific information regarding the following things at the earliest:

1. Type of transport to be provided
2. Rates for AC and Non-AC coaches
3. Rates for budget-accommodation
4. Rates for dormitory accommodation, if any.
5. Separate two rooms for teachers and the peon

The itinerary is as follows:
Dec 20: Departure from Tirunelveli
Dec 27: Back to Tirunelveli

We expect complete transparency. No hidden charges, please. Any other details regarding the educational tour will be appreciated.

Yours faithfully,
Ragini R.

To
M/s Happy Tours & Travels
8, Thendral Nagar
Tirunelveli

(iv) You are A.V. Sharmila, in charge of the Physical Education Department of your school. You need various items of sports for the department Write a letter to Mr. Bahadur Singh & Sons, a well known supplier of sports goods, Trichy enquiring him about the rates of each item and the maximum discount that they can offer to you.
Answer:
12 Feb 2019
A.V. Sharmila
10th Main Road, Valadi
Trichy

Mr. Bahadur Singh & Sons
Shop No. 59
Palur
Trichy

Dear Sir,
Sub: Enquiring about rates & discount
We are old customers of yours and need no introduction. Being a leading supplier of sports goods, we can expect the best quality of goods at competitive rates. As we are placing a bulk order with you, we want to inquire at what rates you can supply each item of different sports. The likely number of items with their details to the purchased are attached with here. Kindly study them thoroughly and give the lowest quotations at which you can supply the desired goods.

Let us remind you that you have been giving us 20% flat discount on various items. As we . are an educational institution, we would expect a special discount that dealers generally give to such institutions. Kindly do the needful and furnish all the details regarding the inquiries at the earliest.

Yours faithfully,
A. V. Sharmila

To
Mr. Bahadur Singh & Sons
Shop No. 59
Palur
Trichy

Complaint Letter
(i) You are Ramya Mehar of 23-Railway Quarters, Aynavaram, Chennai. Last week you bought a mobile phone from ‘Universal Mobile’, 20L, Luz Corner, Chennai. The mobile phone developed a problem within a few days of its purchase. Write a complaint letter to the dealer giving details of the nature of the problem and asking him/her to rectify the defect or replace the phone.
Answer:
26th March, 2019
Ramya Mehar
23-Railway Quarters
Aynavaram
Chennai
M/s Universal Mobile
20L, Luz Comer
Chennai

Dear Sirs,
Sub: Defective Mobile Phone

I am a resident of Beedan Pura, Karol Bagh, New Delhi. I purchased a Samsung 2G mobile phone from Universal Mobile on 19th March, 2019.1 am sorry to say that the mobile phone developed a problem within a few days of its purchase. The sound system is quite irritating and jarring. The camera doesn’t give a clear and deep impression. I feel cheated to have such a defective mobile phone after spending more than twelve thousand mpees. It is quite unfortunate that even after sending two reminders, you have shown no urgency to rectify the defects or replace the defective mobile set at the earliest. I hope you will do the needful within a week. I am sure you will not compel me to knock the doors of the Consumer Court for this unpleasant lapse of time on your part.

Yours sincerely
Ramya Mehar

To
Universal Mobile, Luz Comer
Chennai

(ii) You received a defective computer in response to your order from M/s K.R. Electronic ‘ Gadgets, Triplicane, Chennai. Write a letter to the dealer requesting him to change the defective computer at the earliest. You are Karnan K. of Kamaraj Nagar, Chennai.
Answer:
18th March, 2019
Karnan K.
Kamaraj Nagar
Chennai

K.R. Electronic Gadgets
54-C
Triplicane
Chennai
Sub: Defective Computer
Dear Sir,
I am sorry to express my utter dismay at the poor quality of the computer supplied by you in response to my order, dated 10th March, 2019. On examination, we noticed the following defect and discrepancies in the computer supplied by you:

1. The order was for Windows 8, Acer Computers. You have sen’t Windows 7 of the same brand. The price difference of the two brands is quite substantial.
2. The screen is of quite poor quality and the display is quite hazy.
3. The sound system lacks depth and clarity.

M/s K.R. Electronic Gadgets is a leading dealer in computers and the company enjoys a good reputation and goodwill in the market. As the purchase is well within the warranty period, I hope you will replace the defective computer at the earliest and oblige. Earliest the letter

Yours sincerely
Karnan K.

To
The Sales Manager
K.R. Electronic Gadgets
Triplicane
Chennai

(iii) Write a letter to the Chairman of the Municipal Board regarding unsanitary conditions of the locality you live in.
Answer:
25 March 2019
Malar
11, Station Road
Ayanavaram
Chennai

The Chairman
Municipal Board
Chennai

Sir,
Sub: Insanitary conditions in my locality

I wish to draw your kind attention towards the insanitary conditions that have prevailed in my locality i.e., SVM colony. The light is generally off. Some fruit sellers throw rubbish material on the road. As a result, the road looks dirty. Flies fly over the rubbish all the time. One can find pigs and astray dogs move freely around the rubbish. The entire environment has become suffocative. We students, suffer a lot because mosquitoes trouble us at night when we are studying or doing homework.
I therefore, request you to kindly pay attention to my locality and do the needful.

Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Malar

To
The Chairman Municipal Board Chennai

Letter Of Placing Order
(i) You are K. Raina, Head of the Chemistry department of Kesari Hr. Secondary School. Chennai. You require various lab apparatuses and chemicals for your laboratory. Write a letter to M/s Om Scientific Works, Chennai placing a bulk order for the purchase of various items. Mention all the necessary details of the items as well as the discounts available on the purchase.
Answer:
20th April, 2019
K. Raina
Kesari Hr. Secondary School
Sharanpur

M/s Om Scientific Works
Parrys, Chennai
Sub: Order for apparatus and chemicals
Dear Sirs

I hope we need no introduction. Kesari School has been an old customer of yours. As you are a trusted name in the supply of scientific goods for educational institutions, we are placing a bulk order for the same. We expect competitive rates and discounts on the purchase. The details of the items are as given below.

We appreciate the general 20% discount that you provide on the purchase of scientific goods. However, we hope that you will provide an extra 5% discount as most of the dealers are giving to the educational institutions.

All items must reach in proper shape, size and weight.

Thanking you

Yours faithfully
K. Raina

To
M/s Om Scientific Works Parrys,
Chennai

(ii) YOU are L. R. Aggarwal, General Manager, Aggarwal Enterprises, Coimbatore. You ‘ need various items of furniture and stationery for your newly constructed head office. Write a letter to Messers Officials Works, Chennai placing a bulk order for the supply giving all details of the items so ordered.
Answer:
27.05.2019
General Manager
Aggarwal Enterprises
Chennai

M/s Official Works
Central Market
Chennai

Sir,
Sub: Furniture & other items for office

We have to furnish our newly constructed head office and its rooms in Civil Lines, Chennai. We had demanded quotations from various firms that supply furniture and related items for offices.

We are approving the quotations sent by you as they are the lowest. Hence, we have decided to place a bulk order for the supply of furniture, stationery and other related items with you for our office.

The details of the items are furnished below:

Kindly send all the items in their proper sizes, specifications and conditions.

Thanking you

Yours faithfully
L. R. Aggarwal

To
M/s Official Works Central Market
Chennai

Letter Of Cancelling Order

(i) You are Raman, Sales Manager of Modern Shoes, Madurai. You placed a bulk order with Messers Shobha Shoes, Madurai for the supply of Shoes for your showroom. The firm has failed to execute the order. In spite of your many reminders. There is no positive response from them. Write a letter to the firm that you are constrained to cancel the order that you had placed to them.
Answer:
25th September, 2018
K. Raman
Modem Shoes
TVS Nagar
Madurai
M/s Shobha Shoes
Pandian Nagar
Madurai
Dear Sirs
Sub: Order for Men s & Women Shoes

I can express only my deep dismay and displeasure at the non-execution of the bulk order that we placed with you for the purchase of shoes on 10th August, 2018. The said order was to be executed within 10 days. However, when more than a month expired, you expressed regrets giving the strike of workers in the factory as the main reason of non-execution. We accepted your request for executing the order within a week. We condoned the delay keeping in view of our previous good business terms. As we have not heard from you recently, we have reasons to believe that cancellation of the said order is the only way left out for us. I hope that the cancellation of the said order will not affect our otherwise good business terms in future.

Yours faithfully K. Raman

To
M/s Shobha Shoes
Pandian Nagar
Madurai

Letter Of Request
(i) This summer vacation you are planning to visit Simla. Write a letter to a travel agency in Shimla requesting them to book you a room in a five-star hotel. Give other details of, your journey and facilities you require there. Sign your name as Reena/Mohanan, C/5, Mambalam, Chennai.
Answer:
27.03.2019
C. Mohanan
C/5, Mambalam
Chennai

The Manager
Globe Travel Agency
The Mall, Shimla

Dear Sir,
Sub: Hotel accommodation and other facilities

I am planning to visit Shimla during the summer vacation. I intend to reach there on 16 May ‘ by the IC 308 flight and stay there for a week. You are requested to book a deluxe double bedroom in a five-star hotel, as I will be accompanied by my friend. I shall also need a chauffeur-driven car to take us in and around Shimla.

Please make these facilities available for a week, i.e., from 16 May to 22 May, 2019. A bank draft for ‘ 5000 is enclosed as advance. Please confirm the bookings so that the remaining amount may be sent to you.

Thanking you

Yours faithfully
C. Mohanan

To
The Manager
Globe Travel Agency
The Mall, Shimla

Official Letters

(i) You are Shanti/Sravan of New Friends Colony, Chennai. The residents of your area suffer miserably from the frequent power cuts and voltage fluctuations. This results in frequent damage to the electric appliances. Power cuts also cause a great ipconvenience to students at night. Write a letter of complaint to the Chief Engineer, Electricity Board of your area seeking immediate relief and quick action.
Answer:
25 March, 2019
A. Shanti
23-L, New Friends Colony
Pattabiram Chennai
The Chief Engineer
Electricity Board
Chennai

Sir,
Sub: Frequent power cuts and low voltage
It is quite surprising that the residents of such a posh colony such as Friends Colony are made to bear a lot of inconvenience and trouble due to frequent break downs of electricity and voltage fluctuations. Delhi doesn’t remain a pleasant place to live in the scorching summer weeks. The temperature shoots even upto 45°C and more. The erratic supply of electric power only compounds the sufferings of the people. The low voltage makes it difficult for the air conditioners and fans to operate at their required capacity. Great voltage fluctuations have resulted in damaging domestic electrical appliances.

Students of the area are the worst sufferers. The examinations are round the comer. They can’t study properly at night even during their examinations. Friends Colony Residents Welfare Association has been taking the issue regularly with the concerned authorities. Nothing fruitful has come out so far. I request on behalf of residents and students in particular to ensure the regular and trouble-free supply of power in the Colony.

Yours truly
A. Shanti

To
The Chief Engineer
Electricity Board
Chennai

Letter To The Editor
(i) Given below is an extract from an article in ‘Newsweek’: ‘For years, I ate fast food because it was efficient and cheap. I had no idea 1 could be damaging my health,’ says Caesar Barbar, 56, a maintenance worker with heart disease.

Write a letter to the editor of a daily newspaper on the health hazards caused by junk food using your own ideas
Answer:
29.08.2019
12-L, Saidapet
Chennai

The Editor
The Adayar Times
Chennai

Dear Sir,
Sub: Health hazards caused by junk food
Through the column of your esteemed daily, I want to highlight the health hazards being caused by eating the so called ‘fast or junk food’.

The globalization is not confined to the economy only. Even our food habits have been globalised. The craze for fast foods like burgers, pizzas and pasta has increased in recent years. The youth have developed special liking for them. McDonalds, KFCs, Pizza Huts are leading multinationals who promote junk foods.

The junk food, no doubt, tingles our tastebuds. But it has little or no nutritional value. The general public, particularly, the youth must know the health hazards caused by the regular . eating of junk food. It causes obesity. Habitual eaters suffer from many other diseases of liver, digestion and kidneys. Let us remember that fresh food cooked in our kitchen with a liberal use of vegetables and fruits is really tasty as well as nutritious. The junk food is good only for ‘junkies’.

Thanking you

Yours faithfully
N. Mani

To
The Editor
The Adayar Times
Chennai

Letter Of Application

(i) Read the following advertisement and respond to it with a resume/bio-data/CV considering yourself fulfilling the conditions specified.
[Write XXXX for your name and YYYY for your address]

Wanted office assistant for an upcoming CBSE school. An accounts graduate with knowledge in typing and computer operation are welcome. Experience is not a must. Pleasing manners and good communication skills will be a plus.

Apply to the Manager, before 25th March to:
210, Gandhi Road,
Coimbatore
Answer:
From
XXXX
YYYY

To
210, Gandhi Road
Coimbatore – 02.

Respected Sir/Madam,
Sub: Application for the post of office assistant

With reference to your advertisement in The Hindu, dated 8th March, 20XX seeking applications for the post of office assistant, I offer my candidature for the same. Please find enclosed my bio-data / resume to enable you to assess my suitability for the aforesaid post.

Yours sincerely,
XXXX

Resume
Name : XXXX
Date of Birth: 18th May, 1994
Marital Status: Single
Father’s Name: Mr. Rajesh
Address For Communication: YYYY
Contact number – mobile: 9998777688 residence: 22345577
Mother Tongue: Tamil
Language Known: English and Tamil

Educational Background

Technical knowledge:
1. English typewriting higher
2. Computer MS office
Hobbies : Dramatics, Reading, Debating.
Expected Salary : 25,000/ per month
Salary Drawn : 18,000/per month

Declaration
I hereby declare that the above given information is true to the best of my knowledge.

Station : YYYY
Date : 10.03.2019

Yours faithfully
XXXX
Signature of the Applicant

To
210, Gandhi Road
Coimbatore – 02.

(ii) Read the following advertisement and respond to it with a resume/bio-data/CV considering yourself fulfilling the conditions specified. [Write XXXX for your name and YYYY for your address]

Software Company requires experiences Male/Female Secretary to M.D.
Candidate should be graduate with Software knowledge and good communication skills in English.
Apply to:
Box No: WW 55164
C/o The Hindu
Chennai 02
Answer:
17th Dec, 2019

From
XXXX
YYYY

To
Box No: WW 55164
C/o The Hindu
Chennai 02

Respected Sir/Madam,
Sub: Application for the post of Secretary to M.D.
With reference to your advertisement in The Hindu, dated 13th March, 20191 would like to apply for the post of secretary in your comapny. Please find enclosed my bio-data / resume to enable you to assess my suitability for the aforesaid post.

Yours sincerely,
XXXX

Resume
Name : XXXX
Date of Birth: 18th July, 1992
Marital Status: Single
Father’s Name: Mr. Ramesh
Address For Communication: YYYY
Contact number – mobile: 9998778588 residence: 22349577
Mother Tongue: Tamil
Language Known: English and Tamil

Educational Background

Technical knowledge:
1. English typewriting higher
2. Computer MS office

Experience:
Secretary for 4 years, K.K. Software Company, T.Nagar
Hobbies : Dramatics, Reading, Music.
Expected Salary : 35,000/ per month
Salary Drawn : 28,000/ per month
Language Known : English, Hindi and Tamil

I am enclosing photostat copies of my testimonials for your kind perusal.

I request that my application may be favourably considered. I sincerely assure you, sir, of my efficient service to your company, If I am selected. Looking forward to receiving your call letter.

Enel: Copies of testimonials

Declaration
I hereby declare that the above given information is true to the best of my knowledge.

Station: YYYY
Date : 10.03.2019

Yours faithfully
XXXX
Signature of the Applicant

To
Box No: WW 55164
C/o The Hindu
Chennai 02

(iii) Read the following advertisement and respond to it with a resume/bio-data/CV considering yourself fulfilling the conditions specified. [Write XXXX for your name and YYYY for your address]

Wanted
A private company requires a salesman to deal with water filters. Experience in a similar position preferable. Apply with bio-data to Box No.3224, C/o. The Hindu, Madurai – 625 002.
Answer:
15th Sept, 2018
From
XXXX
YYYY

To
Box No.3224
C/o. The Hindu
Madurai – 625 002

Respected Sir/Madam,
Sub: Application for the post of salesman – Regarding

This is in response to your advertisement write to referred above for the post of salesman. I apply for the post of salesman in your esteemed firm. I have the required qualification. My particulars are furnished for your perusal and favourable consideration.

Yours sincerely,
xxxx

Resume
Name: XXXX
Date of Birth: 18th July, 1990
Marital Status: Single
Father’s Name: Karuppiah
Address For Communication: YYYY
Contact number – mobile: 9998778588, residence: 22349577
Mother Tongue: Tamil
Language Known: English and Tamil

Educational Background

Technical knowledge:
1. English typewriting higher
2. Computer MS office
Experience: Worked as Sales man in Laxmi Textiles, Kovai for 5 years.

Hobbies : Dramatics, Reading, Music.
Expected Salary : 35,000/ per month
Salary Drawn : 28,000/ per month
Joining Time : Can join in a week notice
Language Known : English, Hindi and Tamil

I assure you that if I am selected discharge my duties to the best of my abilities and to the utmost satisfaction of my superiors.

Photo stat copies of my credentials have been enclosed for your kind perusal.

Expected Salary Salary Drawn Joining Time Language Known
Enel: Copies of testimonials

Declaration
I hereby declare that the above given information is true to the best of my knowledge.

Yours faithfully
XXXX
Signature of the Applicant

Station : YYYY
Date : 15.09.2018

To
The Managing Director, Lakshmi Textiles,
174, Broadway, Chennai – 105

Students can Download Maths Chapter 4 Geometry Intext Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 4 Geometry Intext Questions

Exercise 4.1
Try These (Text book Page No. 72)

Question 1.
Can you draw a shape which has no line of symmetry?
Solution:
Yes

Question 2.
Draw all possible line of symmetry for the following shapes.
Solution:

Think (Text book Page No. 73)

Question 1.
What can you say about the number of lines of symmetry of a circle?
Solution:
A circle has infinite number of lines of symmetry.

Try These (Text book Page No. 73)

Question 1.
Reflect the words CHEEK, BIKE, BOX with horizontal line.
Solution:

Question 2.
Reflect the following words with vertical line.

Solution:

Think (Textbook Page no.73)

Question 1.
Will the figure be symmetric about both the diagonals?
Solution:
Yes, it is symmetric about both the diagonals.

Try These (Text book Page No. 74)

Question 1.
Find the order of rotational symmetry of the following figures.

Solution:
Order of symmetry : 6
Order of symmetry : 3

Question 2.
Find the order of rotational symmetry for an equilateral triangle.
Solution:

For an equilateral triangle order of rotational symmetry is 3.

Think (Text book Page No. 74)

Question 1.
Can a parallelogram have a rotational symmetry?
Solution:

Yes, order of rotational symmetry is 2.

Try These (Text book Page No. 75)

Question 1.
Using translational symmetry make new pattern with the given figure.

Solution:

Try These (Text book Page No. 77)

Question 1.
Translate this figure to 4 → 3↑

Solution:

Question 2.
Translate this figure to 2 ↓ 1 ←

Solution:

Question 3.
How is the pre-image A translated to image A’ in each of the following figures?
(i)

(ii)

Solution:
(i) 8 →

(ii) 5 → 3 ↑

Think (Text book Page No. 78)

Question 1.
The pre-image and the image after a translation coincide. What can you say about the translation
Solution:
There is no right, left, up or down movement took place.

Try These (Text book Page No. 80)

Question 1.
Draw the line reflection in the following pictures.

Solution:

Question 2.
Reflect the shape with given line of reflection.

Solution:

Enhance your subject knowledge with Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 11th Commerce Chapter 4 Introduction to Financial Markets Questions and Answers and learn all the underlying concepts easily. Make sure to learn the subject from Tamilnadu State Board Solutions Chapter 4 Introduction to Financial Markets Questions and Answers PDF on a day to day basis and score well in your exams. You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Questions and Answers are given after enormous research by people having high subject knowledge and for better scoring grade. You can rely on them and prepare any topic of Commerce as per your convenience easily.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Solutions Chapter 4 Introduction to Financial Markets

Students those who are looking for Tamilnadu State Board Solutions Chapter 4 Introduction to Financial Markets Questions and Answers Concepts can find them all in one place from our site Tamilnadu State Board Solutions. Simply click on the links available to prepare the corresponding topics of Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Questions and Answers easily. Clarify all your queries from chapter wise different questions to be familiar with the kind of questions appearing in the exam. Thus, you can increase your score and get higher grade in the final exam.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Introduction to Financial Markets Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1.
Financial market facilitates business firms.
(a) To rise funds
(b) To recruit workers
(c) To make more sales
(d) To minimize fund requirement
Answer:
(a) To rise funds

Question 2.
Capital market is a market for
(a) Short Term Finance
(b) Long Term Finance
(c) Long term Finance
(d) Both Short Term and Medium Term Finance
Answer:
(c) Long term Finance

Question 3.
Primary market is also called as _________
(a) Secondary market
(b) Money market
(c) New Issue Market
(d) Indirect Market
Answer:
(c) New Issue Market

Question 4.
Spot Market is a market where the delivery of the financial instrument and payment of Cash occurs ________
(a) Immediately
(b) In the future
(c) Uncertain
(d) After one month
Answer:
(a) Immediately

Question 5.
How many times a security can be sold in a secondary market?
(a) Only one time
(b) Two time
(c) Three times
(d) Multiple times
Answer:
(d) Multiple times

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the components of organized sectors?
Answer:

1. Regulators
2. Financial Institutions
3. Financial Markets.
4. Financial Services

Question 2.
Write a note on financial market.
Answer:
A financial market is an institution or arrangement that facilitates the exchange of financial instruments such as equity shares, preference shares, debentures, deposits and loans, corporate stocks and bonds, government bonds, and more exotic instruments such as options and futures contracts.

Question 3.
What is equity market?
Answer:
Equity Market is the financial market for trading in Equity Shares of Companies.

Question 4.
What is debt market?
Answer:
Debt Market is the financial market for trading in Debt Instrument (i.e. Government Bonds or Securities, Corporate Debentures or Bonds).

Question 5.
How is price decided in a secondary market?
Answer:
Financial markets allow for the determination of the price of the traded financial asset through the interaction of buyers and sellers. They provide a signal for. the allocation of funds in the economy, based on the demand and supply, through the mechanism called price discovery processes.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Give the meaning and definition of financial market.
Answer:
Meaning: A market wherein financial instruments such as financial claims, assets and securities are traded is known as a‘financial market’.
Definition: According to Brigham, Eugene F, “The place where people and organizations wanting to borrow money are-brought together with those having surplus funds is called a . financial market.”

Question 2.
Differentiate spot market from future market.
Answer:
Spot Market:

Spot market is otherwise called cash market. it is a market where the delivery of the financial instrument and payment of cash occurs immediately, i.e. settlement is completed immediately.

Future Market:

Future market is otherwise called forward market. It is a market where the delivery of asset and payment of cash takes place at a predetermined time frame in future.

Question 3.
Write a note on Secondary Market.
Answer:
Secondary Market is the market for securities that are already issued. Stock Exchange is an important institution in the secondary market.

Question 4.
Bring out the scope of financial market in India.
Answer:
The financial market provides financial assistance to individuals, agricultural sectors, industrial sectors, service sectors, financial institutions like banks, insurance sectors, provident funds and the government as a whole. With the help of the financial market all the above stated individuals, institutions and the Government can get their required funds in time. Through the financial market the institutions get their short term as well as long term financial assistance. It leads to the overall economic development.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
Distinguish between new issue market and secondary market
Answer:

Question 2.
Enumerate the different kinds of financial markets.
Answer:
Financial Markets can be classified in different ways.

(A) On the Basis of Type of Financial Claim

1. Debt Market is the financial market for trading in Debt Instrument (i.e. Government Bonds or Securities, Corporate Debentures or Bonds).
2. Equity Market is the financial market for trading in Equity Shares of Companies.

(B) On the Basis of Maturity of Financial Claim

1. Money Market is the market for short term financial claim (usually one year or less) E.g. Treasury Bills, Commercial Paper, Certificates of Deposit.
2. Capital Market is the market for long term financial claim more than a year E.g. Shares, Debentures.

(C) On the Basis of Time of Issue of Financial Claim

1. Primary Market is a term used to include all the institutions that are involved in the sale of securities for the first time by the issuers (companies). Here the money from investors goes directly to the issuers.
2. Secondary Market is the, market for securities that are already issued. Stock Exchange is an important institution in the secondary market.

(D) On the Basis of Timing of Delivery of Financial Claim

1. Cash/Spot Market is a market where the delivery of the financial instrument and payment of cash occurs immediately, i.e. settlement is completed immediately.
2. Forward or Futures Market is a market where the delivery of asset and payment of cash takes place at a pre-determined time frame in future.

(E) On the Basis of the Organizational Structure of the Financial Market

1. Exchange Traded Market is a centralized organization (stock exchange) with standardized procedures.
2. Over-the-Counter Market is a decentralized market (outside the stock exchange), with customized procedures.

Question 3.
Discuss the role of financial market.
Answer:

1. Savings Mobilization: Obtaining funds from the savers or ‘surplus’ units such as household individuals, business firms, public sector units, Government is an important role played by financial markets. .
2. Investment: Financial market plays a key role in arranging the investment of funds thus collected, in those units which are in need of the same.
3. National Growth: Financial markets contribute to a nation’s growth by ensuring an ’ unfettered flow of surplus funds to deficit units. Flow of funds for productive purposes is also made possible. It leads to overall economic growth.
4. Entrepreneurship Growth: Financial markets contribute to the development of the entrepreneurial class by making available the necessary financial resources.
5. Industrial Development: The different components of financial markets help an accelerated growth of industrial and economic development of a country and thus contributing to raising the standard of living and the society’s well-being.

Question 4.
What are the functions of Financial Markets?
Answer:
(I) Intermediary Functions:

1. Transfer of Resources: Financial markets facilitate the transfer of real economic resource from lenders to ultimate borrowers.
2. Enhancing Income: Financial markets allow lenders earn interest/dividend on their surplus investible funds and thus contributing to the enhancement of the individual and the national income.
3. Productive Usage: Financial markets allow for the productive use of the funds borrowed and thus enhancing the income and the gross national production.
4. Capital Formation: Financial markets provide a channel through which new savings flow to aid capital formation of a country.
5. Price Determination: Financial markets allow for the determination of the price of, the traded financial asset through the interaction of buyers and sellers.
6. Sale. Mechanism: Financial market provides a mechanism for selling of a financial asset by an investor so as to offer the benefits of marketability and liquidity of such assets.
7. Information: The activities of the participants in the financial market result in the generation and the consequent dissemination of information to the various segments of the markets, so as to reduce the cost of transaction of financial assets.

(II) Financial Functions:

1. Providing the borrowers with funds so as to enable them to carry out their investment plans.
2. Providing the lenders with earning assets so as to enable them to earn wealth by deploying the assets in productive ventures.
3. Providing liquidity in the market so as to facilitate trading of funds.

Question 5.
Discuss the various types of financial markets,
Discuss the various types of financial assets,
Answer:
Financial assets can be classified differently under different circumstances. One such classification is:

1. Marketable assets
2. Non-marketable assets

Marketable Assets: Marketable assets are those which can be easily transferred from one person to another without much hindrance. Example: Shares of Listed Companies, Government Securities, Bonds of Public Sector Undertakings etc.
Non-Marketable Assets: On the other hand, if the assets cannot be transferred easily, they come under this category. Example: Bank Deposits, Provident Funds, Pension Funds, National Savings Certificates, Insurance Policies etc.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Introduction to Financial Markets Additional Questions and Answers

I.A. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1.
The Indian financial system can be broadly classified into ______ sector.
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) One
(d) Four
Answer:
(a) Two

Question 2.
Indian organised financial system consist of ______
(a) Two
(b) Four
(c) Three
(d) six
Answer:
(b) Four

Question 3.
Which one is matched correctly?

Answer:
(c) On the basis of time of issue of financial claim (iii) Debt market

Question 4.
Find the odd one out.
(a) Debt market
(b) Capital market
(c) Secondary market
(d) National Growth
Answer:
(d) National Growth

Question 5.
Assertion (A): The market for securities that are already issued.
Reason (R): Stock exchange is an important institution in the secondary market.
(a) (A) is True
(b) (R) is true
(c) Both are true
(d) (A) is correct but (R) is not
Answer:
(c) Both are true

Question 6.
Find the odd one out.
Debt instruments in the debt market are ______
(a) Government Bonds
(b) Corporate debentures
(c) Equity Shares
(d) Government securities
Answer:
(c) Equity Shares

Question 7.
Stock exchange is an important institution in the ______ market.
(a) secondary
(b) primary
(c) capital
(d) money
Answer:
(a) secondary

B. Fill in the blanks

1. Over-the-counter market is a ______ market.
Answer:
Decentralised

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What is money market?
Answer:
Money Market is the market for short term financial claim (usually one year or less) e.g. Treasury Bills, Commercial Paper, Certificates of Deposit.

Question 2.
What do you mean by capital market?
Answer:
Capital Market is the market for long term financial claim more than a year e.g. Shared, Debentures.

Question 3.
What is primary market?
Answer:
Primary Market is a term used to include all the institutions that are involved in the sale of ‘ securities for the first time by the issuers (companies). Here the money from investors goes directly to the issuers.

Question 4.
What are the markets on the basis of the organisational structure of the financial market?
Answer:

1. Exchange Traded market
2. Over-the-Counter Market

Question 5.
What are the markets on the basis of time of issue of financial claim?
Answer:

1. Primary market
2. Secondary market

Question 6.
Define Capital market.
Answer:
According to Arun K. Datta, capital market may be defined as “a complex of institutions investment and practices with established links between the demand for and supply of different types of capital gains”

Question 7.
What are the components of unorganised sectors?
Answer:
The Indian financial system can be broadly classified into organised and unorganised sectors. The unorganised sector consists of money lenders, indigenous bankers, etc.

We as a team believe the information prevailing regarding the Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 11th Commerce Chapter 4 Introduction to Financial Markets Questions and Answers has been helpful in clearing your doubts to the fullest. For any other help do leave us your suggestions and we will look into them. Stay in touch to get the latest updates on Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for different subjects in the blink of an eye.