Category: Class 9

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 9th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Set Language Ex 1.1

Set Language Maths 9th Class Question 1.
Which of the following are sets?
(i) The Collection of prime numbers upto 100.
(ii) The Collection of rich people in India.
(iii) The Collection of all rivers in India.
(iv) The Collection of good Hockey players.
Solution:
(i) A = {2, 3, 5, 7,11, 13,17,19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89 and 97}
As the collection of prime numbers upto 100 is known and can be counted (well defined). Hence this is a set.
(ii) The collection of rich people in India. Rich people has no definition.
Hence, it is not a set.
(iii) A = {Cauvery, Sindhu, Ganga, }
Hence, it is a set.
(iv) The collection of good hockey players is not a well – defined collection because the criteria for determining a hockey player’s talent may vary from person to person.
Hence, this collection is not a set.

9th Maths Set Language Exercise 1.1 Question 2.
Listthe set of letters of the following words in Roster form.
(i) INDIA
(ii) PARALLELOGRAM
(iii) MISSISSIPPI
(iv) CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Solution:
(i) A = {I, N, D, A}
(ii) B = {P, A, R, L, E, O, G, M}
(iii) C = {M, I, S, P}
(iv) D = {C, Z, E, H, O, S, L, V, A, K, I}.

9th Maths Exercise 1.1 In Tamil Question 3.
Consider the following sets A = {0, 3, 5, 8} B = {2, 4, 6, 10} C = {12, 14, 18, 20}
(a) State whether True or false.
(i) 18 ∈ C
(ii) 6 ∉A
(iii) 14 ∉ C
(iv) 10 ∈ B
(v) 5 ∈ B
(vi) 0 ∈ B

(b) Fill in the blanks?
(i) 3 ∈ ___
(ii) 14 e ___
(iii) 18 ___ B
(iv) 4 ___ B
Solution:
(a) (i) True
(ii) True
(iii) False
(iv) True
(v) False
(vi) False,

(b) (i) A
(ii) C
(iii) ∉
(iv) ∈

9th Maths Exercise 1.1 Question 4.
Represent the following sets in Roster form.
(i) A = The set of all even natural numbers less than 20.
(ii) B = {y : y = \(\frac{1}{2 n}\), n ∈ N, n ≤ 5}
(iii) C = (x : x is perfect cube, 27 < x < 216}
(iv) D = {x : x ∈ Z, -5 < x ≤ 2}
Solution:
(i) A= {2,4, 6, 8,10, 12, 14,16, 18}
(ii) N = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

(iii) C = {64, 125}
(iv) D = {-4,-3, -2, -1,0, 1, 2}

9th Maths Set Language Exercise 1.1 Solutions Question 5.
Represent the following sets in set builder form.
(i) B = The set of all Cricket players in India who scored double centuries in One Day Internationals.
(ii) C = { \(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{2}{3}, \frac{3}{4} \ldots . .\)}.
(iii) D = The set of all tamil months in a year.
(iv) E = The set of odd Whole numbers less than 9.
Solution:
(i) B = {x : x is an Indian player who scored double centuries in one day internationals}
(ii) C = {x : x = \(\frac{n}{n+1}\), n ∈ N}
(iii) D = {x : x is a tamil month in a year}
(iv) E = {x : x is odd number, x ∈ W, x < 9, where W is the set of whole numbers}.

Class 9 Maths Chapter 1 Set Language Question 6.
Represent the following sets in descriptive form.
(i) P = {January, June, July}
(ii) Q = {7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}
(iii) R= {x : x ∈ N,x< 5}
(iv) S = {x : x is a consonant in English alphabets}
Solution:
(i) P is the set of English Months begining with J.
(ii) Q is the set of all prime numbers between 5 and 31.
(iii) R is the set of all natural numbers less than 5.
(iv) S is the set of all English consonants.

You can Download Little Cyclone: The Story of a Grizzly Cub Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf Supplementary Chapter 5 help you to revise complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 Little Cyclone: The Story of a Grizzly Cub

Little Cyclone: The Story of a Grizzly Cub Warm Up: 

Little Cyclone The Story Of A Grizzly Cub Question 1.
Why are some animals endangered?
Answer:
An animal is called endangered when only a few of its kind are alive in the world. There are many reasons for a species to become endangered. The environmental conditions on Earth are continually changing. Some animals become endangered because they can no longer survive in the new conditions of their changing habitat. Some other prominent reasons are overhunting by humans and pollution.

Little Cyclone The Story Of A Grizzly Cub Summary Question 2.
Why do wild animals from the forest often enter the human living spaces?
Answer:
Due to urbanisation, people are felling trees and destroying forests to expand their habitable area. This reduces animal habitat due to which they are forced to enter into human living space, in search of food, water and shelter.

Little Cyclone: The Story Of A Grizzly Cub Questions And Answers Question 3.
Are animals happy in wild life rehabilitation centres?
Answer:
Animals are brought to the wild life rehabilitation centres to live and be protected for the rest of their lives. But the animals might not be happy in captivity. Although they are provided with good sanitary conditions, sufficient enclosures, proper vet care and appropriate feed, they may definitely miss their natural habitat.

Little Cyclone The Story Of A Grizzly Cub Questions And Answers Question 4.
Can a rehab animal survive in the wild?
Answer:
Most animals are brought into wildlife rehabilitation centres for help. They are so sick or emaciated that their chances for survival are often slim. They are taken care of and treated under captivity only until able to live independently in the wild. Every effort is made to minimize human contact and prevent the taming of rehabilitation patients. So, when they are released back in their wild habitat, they often survive well.

Little Cyclone: The Story Of A Grizzly Cub Book Back Answers Question 5.
How many types of bear do you think are there living in the world today?
Answer:
Today, there are only eight species of bears surviving in the world. Except for Antarctica and Australia, all other continents of the world provide habitats for bears.

Vocabulary:

A. use the following phrases in sentences of your own.

1. earn one’s name – make a name for oneself.
She earned her name in politics, as a powerful leader.

2. in the rear of – at the back of.
Harry was sitting in the rear of seat of his car.

3. to see one fight – to struggle to get through something.
I can see him fighting for his right to vote.

4. devoid of – lacking in.
This apartment is devoid of all comforts.

5. air and manner – to behave in a way that does not show how you really feel.
Audy assumed an air and manner of indifference, whenever her name was mentioned.

6. quick as a flash – very quickly.
He was at her side as quick as a flash.

7. in wild haste – rapidly.
It is very important that decisions are not taken in wild haste.

8. make a pass – make advances to someone.
Men seldom make passes at girls who wear glasses.

B. Now refer a dictionary and find idioms on the following animals, birds and insects. Learn their meanings and share what you have learnt with your class. Try to frame illustrative sentences with those idioms. Find opportunities to use them in your everyday conversations.

1. lion – get the lion’s share – get the greatest percentage.
My aunt got the lion’s share of the inheritance.

2. mouse – as poor as a church mouse – very poor.
My cousin is as poor as a church mouse and never has any money to spend.

3. parrot – as sick as a parrot – To be thoroughly displeased.
Tim was as sick as a parrot to be separated from my family.

4. fox – as sly as a fox – smart and clever.
The manager of our apartment is as sly as a fox.

5. hawk – watching like a hawk – watching something very, very closely.
I’m watching you like a hawk.

6. Snake – nurse a snake in one’s bosom – look after.
I have nursed a snake in my bosom all these years.

7. monkey – I’ll be a monkey’s uncle – I’m very surprised.
Well, I’ll be a monkey’s uncle. I never thought I’d pass that test.

8. dog – dog days – very hot days.
I slept in the basement during the dog days of August.

9. snail – At a snail’s pace – Moving very slowly.
Traffic is moving at a snail’s pace.

10. bee – make a beeline for – go quickly and directly to somebody or something.
My grand mother made a beeline for the food as soon as she arrived

C. Based on your reading, answer the following questions in a paragraph of about 100-150 words each.

Summary Of Little Cyclone The Story Of A Grizzly Cub Question 1.
Describe the appearance of Little Cyclone.
Answer:
Little Cyclone is a grizzly cub from Alaska. He earned his name by the vigour of his resistance to ill-treatment. He was a curious and amusing little cub. It had fluffy hair, two big black eyes which sparkled like jet beads, short and fat nose and high shoulders. But his claws were strong and dangerous and he had a truly grizzly spirit. He did not show any fear to its opponents. He was bom full of courage and devoid of all sense of fear. He was a queer looking gray fellow with a broad head. He could fight any other bear on three seconds’ notice.

Little Cyclone: The Story Of A Grizzly Cub Ppt Question 2.
What does the fight Little Cyclone and his brother put up, tell you about the nature of grizzly bears?
Answer:
Grizzly bears are bom full of courage and devoid of all sense of fear. Little cyclone is a grizzly cub from Alaska. He earned his name by the vigour of his resistance to ill treatment. When his mother was fired at, on a timbered hillside, he and his brother ran away as fast as their short and thick legs could carry them. When they came back,they thought their mother was sleeping. They cuddled up close against her warm body and slept peacefully until morning.

They were awakened by the rough grasp of human hands. Bravely, they bit, scratched and cried aloud with anger. His brother made a fight so fierce and terrible that his nervous captor let him go. Although, Little Cyclone fought just as desperately, his captor seized him by his hind legs, dragged him backwards and bound him. This fight of the grizzly bears proves their strength and grit. They do not wish to be cowed down or dominated by their opponents.

Little Cyclone: The Story Of A Grizzly Cub Mind Map Question 3.
“If any of you fellows think there is anything coming to you from me, come and take (t”. How did Little Cyclone prove this?
Answer:
When Little Cyclone’s travelling box was opened, he found himself free in the Bear Nursery at New York. He walked stiffly with pride to the centre of the stage, halted and calmly looked about him. His air and manner said as plainly as English, “I’m a grizzly from Alaska, and I’ve come to stay. If any of you fellows think there is anything coming to you from me, come and take it’. Usually a new comer would be badly scared during his first day in the Nursery and very timid during the next. But grizzlies are different. They are born full of courage and devoid of all sense of fear.

Naturally, it is a good test of courage and temper to turn a new bear into that roistering crowd. But Little Cyclone was fearless and quick in attacking his opponents on three seconds’ notice.

Little Cyclone The Story Of A Grizzly Cub Ppt Question 4.
Describe the confrontation between Little Czar and Little Cyclone.
Answer:
Little Czar was a very cheeky and impertinent bear. But it was a good-natured European brown bear. He walked to Little Cyclone and aimed a sample blow at Cyclone’s left ear. Quick as a flash, outshot Cyclone’s right paw, as only a grizzly can strike and caught the would-be hazer on the side of the head. Amazed and confused, Czar fled in wild haste. Next Cyclone also attacked a black bear cub, who made a pass at the newcomer and made him to quit the field.

Little Cyclone carefully and meticulously met every attack, real or faked, that was made upon him. All the bears in the Nursery understood that Little Cyclone can fight any other bear on three seconds’ notice. He could also strike anyone hard and quickly.

D. Telling the Story Again.

Little Cyclone was a grizzly cub from __________ (1) ___________. earned his name __________ (2) _________. When his mother was fired at, they ____________ .(3) ___________. The next day at sunrise the two orphans found themselves at _____________ (4) _____________ .One of them escaped ____________ (5) _____________. So the captor let him go. But the other cub was ____________ (6) ___________ and taken to the ___________ (7) ___________ at New York. The Zoological Park had _____________ (8) _____________ . Usually a newcomer is badly scared on his first day but ______________ (9) ______________. When the box was opened he stood up with courage __________(10) ____________.  Cyclone courageously met every __________________ (11) ___________ In less than an hour, all the other bears understood _________ (12) ____________. From then on Little Cyclone’s position was _____________ (13) _____________.
Answer:

1. Alaska, who
2. by the vigour of his resistance to ill-treatment.
3. ran away as fast as their stumpy legs could carry them.
4. the rough grasp of human hands.
5. after a fierce and terrible fight,
6. seized
7. Zoological Park
8. Bears’ Nursery.
9. grizzly bears are different
10. and walked stiffly with pride to the center of the stage, halted and calmly looked about him.
11. attack real or faked.
12. that Cyclone could strike quick and hard and fight any other bear on three seconds’notice.
13. assured with respect and dignity.

E. Choose the correct answer.

Little Cyclone The Story Of A Grizzly Cub In Tamil Question 1.
Little Cyclone is a grizzly cub who earned his name by his ____________.
(a) appearance and behaviour.
(b) viguor of resistance to ill-treatment.
(c) speed and courage.
(d) escape from a cyclone.
Answer:
(b) vigour of resistance to ill-treatment

Little Cyclone The Story Of A Grizzly Cub Mind Map Question 2.
The nervous captor let one bear go because ____________.
(a) he was afraid of bears.
(b) he did not have proper equipment to seize him.
(c) he bear fought so fiercly.
(d) the bear escaped and ran away.
Answer:
(c) the bear fought so fiercly

The Story Of A Grizzly Cub Summary Question 3.
Little Cyclone was rescued by the ____________.
(a) members of the Blue Cross.
(b) friendly hands of the Zoological Society.
(c) members of the National Zoo.
(d) volunteers from New York.
Answer:
(b) friendly hands of the Zoological Society

Question 4.
Little Czar was a ____________.
(a) good natured European brown bear.
(b) grizzly cub from Alaska.
(c) furry little Polar bear.
(d) North American black bear.
Answer:
(a) good natured European brown bear

Question 5.
Little Cyclone will fight any other bear in ____________.
(a) 10 minutes’ notice.
(b) 15 minutes’ notice.
(c) 03 seconds’ notice.
(d) 10 seconds’ notice.
Answer:
(c) 03 seconds’ notice

F. Learn the following idioms on bears.

Little Cyclone: The Story of a Grizzly Cub About The Author:

William Temple Homaday was an American Zoologist, conservationist, taxidermist and author. The first director of the New York Zoological Park, William Temple Homaday was a pioneer in the early wildlife conservation movement in the United States.

He is known for his dramatic ‘life groups” of animals in natural setting for museum displays. Homaday’s goal was to educate the American people about these magnificent animals and generate interest in environmental conservation. He also produced a very popular exhibit of a bison group for the National Museum.

In 1889, Homaday published ‘The Extermination of the American Bison’ a popular work that did create public support to save this species. He emphasized the importance of saving American native wildife.

Little Cyclone: The Story of a Grizzly Cub Summary:

A young grizzly bear by name Little Cyclone had proved its strength and grit. Little Cyclone did not cow down nor let the bigger bears to dominate it. Little Cyclone is from Alaska. It earned this name after it showed its vigour of resistance to ill-treatment.

One day when Little Cyclone’s mother was fired at a timbered hillside facing Chilkat River, he and his brother ran to the spot and cuddled her thinking that she was asleep the whole night. The next day, before dawn the two brothers were seized by humans.

One of them escaped from the human hand by making a terrible and forceful fight and stayed in Chilkoot. The other failed in its endeavour and was captured and seized. Then it was collared, chained in the rear of the saloon in Porcupine city. To tame the grizzly cub they used a long pole and violently prodded to see if it defended. Very soon Little Cyclone was rescued by die zoological society’s field agent who took him to New York.

In New York at the Bears’ Nursery, which is a big yard, it had a shade tree, a tree to climb, a swimming pool, three sleeping dens and a rock cliff where usually six to eight cubs were accommodated. Naturally it is a good test of courage and temper to turn a new bear into that roystering crowd.

A newcomer generally in a nursery takes time to adapt but grizzlies are different. Especially Little Cyclone’s behaviour was very different. When he was let out from the travelling box, he stalked and occupied the centre stage with an air and manner which pronounced thus: “I’m a grizzly from Alaska, and I’ve come to stay.” His mannerism also stated that if you dare to protest come for a fight.

Little Czar, a very saucy but good. natured European brown bear cub gave a blow at Little Cyclone’s left ear. Quick as a flash, Cyclone’s right paw struck Czar and caught the side of the head. Amazed and confounded Czar fled. Next came a black bear cub twice the size of Cyclone but he received a fierce blow that he immediately left the field and ran to the top of the cliff.

There were lots of attack at Cyclone one after the other but in less than an hour every bear in the Nursery understood that Little Cyclone, the queer looking gray fellow with broad head and short nose could strike quick and hard and finish them off in less than three seconds. From that time, Cyclone’s position was assured.

Little Cyclone: The Story of a Grizzly Cub Glossary:

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 9th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.6

9th Maths Exercise 3.6 Question 1.
Factorise the following:
(i) x² + 10x + 24
(ii) z² + 4z – 12
(iii) p² – 6p – 16
(iv) t² + 72 – 17t
(v) y² – 16y – 80
(vi) a² + 10a – 600
Solution:
(i) x² + 10x + 24
x² + 10x + 24 = x² + 6x + 4x + 24

= x(x + 6) + 4 (x + 6)
= (x + 6) (x + 4)

(ii) z² + 4z – 12
z² + 4z – 12 = z² + 6z – 2z- 12

= z (z + 6) – 2 (z + 6)
= (z + 6) (z – 2)

(iii) p² – 6p – 16
p² – 6p – 16 = p² – 8p + 2p – 16

= p(p – 8) + 2(p – 8)
= (p – 8)(p + 2)

(iv) t² + 72 – 17t
t² + 72 – 17t = t² – 17t + 72
= t² – 9t – 8t + 72

= t(t – 9) – 8 (t – 9)
= (t – 9) (t – 8)

(v) y² – 16y – 80
y² – 16y – 80 = y² – 20y + 4y – 80

= y(y – 20) + 4 (y – 20)
= (y – 20) (y + 4)

(vi) a² + 10a – 600
a² + 10a – 600 = a² + 30a – 20a – 600

= a(a + 30) -20 (a + 30)
= (a + 30) (a – 20)

Exercise 3.6 Class 9 Question 2.
Factorise the following
(i) 2a² + 9a + 10
(ii) 5x² – 29xy – 42y²
(iii) 9 – 18x + 18x²
(iv) 6x² + 16xy + 8y²
(v) 12x² + 36x²y + 27y²x²
(vi) (a + b)² + 9 (a + b) + 18
Solution:
(i) 2a² + 9a + 10
2a² + 9a + 10 = 2a² + 4a + 5a + 10

= 2a(a + 2) + 5 (a + 2)
= (a+ 2) (2a+ 5)

(ii) 5x² – 29xy – 42y²
5x² – 35xy + 6xy – 42y²

= 5x (x – 7) + 6y (x – 7)
= (x – 7) (5x + 6y)

(iii) 9 – 18x + 8x²
= 8x² – 18x + 9
= 8x² – 6x – 12x + 9

= 2x (4 x – 3) – 3 (4x – 3)
= (4x – 3) (2x – 3)

(iv) 6x² + 16xy + 8y²
= 2 (3x² + 8xy + 4y²)
= 2 (3x² + 8xy + 4y²)

= 2 (3x² + 6xy + 2xy + 4y²)
= 2 (3x (x + 2y) + 2y (x + 2y))
= 2 (x + 2y) (3x + 2y)

(v) 12x² + 36x²y + 27y²x²
= 27y²x² + 36x²y + 12x² = 3x²(9y² + 12y + 4)

= 3x² (9y² + 6y + 6y + 4) = 3x² (3y (3y + 2) + 2 (3y + 2))
= 3x² (3y + 2) (3y + 2) = 3x² (3y + 2) (3y + 2)

(vi) (a + b)² + 9 (a + 6) + 18
= (a + b)² + 6 (a + b) + 3 (a + b) + 18

= (a + b) ((a + b) + 6) + 3 ((a + b) + 6)
= ((a + 6) + 6) ((a + b) + 3) = (a + b + 6) (a + b + 3)

9th Maths 3.6 Question 3.
Factorise the following:
(i) (p – q)² – 6(p – q) – 16
(ii) m² + 2mn – 24n²
(iii) \(\sqrt{5} a^{2}\) + 2a – \(3 \sqrt{5}\)
(iv) a⁴ – 3a² + 2
(v) 8m³ – 2m²n – 15mn²
(vi) \(\frac{1}{x^{2}}+\frac{1}{y^{2}}+\frac{2}{x y}\)
Solution:
(i) (p – q)² – 6 (p – q) – 16
= (p – q)² – 8(p – q) + 2(p – q) – 16

= (p – q)((p – q) – 8) + 2((p – q) – 8)
= (p – q – 8)(p – q + 2)

(ii) m² + 2mn – 24n²
= m² + 6mn – 4mn – 24n²

= m(m + 6n) – 4n(m + 6n)
= (m + 6n)(m – 4n)

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 7 Heat

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Heat Textbook Exercises

I. Choose the correct answer:

Heat Lesson For 9th Class Question 1.
Calorie is the unit of
(a) heat
(b) work
(c) temperature
(d) food
Answer:
(a) heat

9th Class Physics Heat Lesson Question 2.
SI unit of temperature is
(a) fahrenheit
(b) joule
(c) Celsius
(d) kelvin
Answer:
(d) kelvin

Heat Samacheer Kalvi Question 3.
Two cylindrical rods of same length have the area of cross-section in the ratio 2:1. If both the rods are made up of same material, which of them conduct heat faster?
(a) Both rods
(b) Rod-2
(c) Rod-1
(d) None of them
Answer:
(c) Rod-1

Heat Lesson In Physics For Class 9 Question 4.
In which mode of transfer of heat, molecules pass on heat energy to neighbouring molecules without actually moving from their positions?
(a) Radiation
(b) Conduction
(c) Convection
(d) Both B and C
Answer:
(b) Conduction

9th Class Physical Science Heat Lesson Question 5.
A device in which the loss of heat due to conduction, convection and radiation is minimized is
(a) Solar cell
(b) Solar cooker
(c) Thermometer
(d) Thermos flask
Answer:

1.  (a) Heat
2.  (d) kelvin
3.  (c) Rod-1
4.  (b) Conduction
5.  (d) Thermos flask

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. The fastest mode of heat transfer is ……………….
2. During day time, air blows from ………… to …………….
3. Liquids and gases are generally …………….. conductors of heat.
4. The fixed temperature at which matter changes state from solid to liquid is called ………………

Answer:

1. radiation
2. land, sea
3. bad
4. melting point

III. Assertion and Reason type questions.

Mark the correct choice as:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.

Chapter 7 Heat Question 1.
Assertion(A): Food can be cooked faster in copper bottom vessels.
Reason (R): Copper is the best conductor of heat.
Answer:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Heat 9th Class Question 2.
Assertion(A): Maximum sunlight reaches earth’s surface during the afternoon time.
Reason(R): Heat from the sun reaches earth’s surface by radiation.
Answer:
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

7 Heat Question 3.
Assertion(A): When water is heated up to 100°C, there is no raise in temperature until all water gets converted into water vapour.

Reason(R): Boiling point of water is 10°C.
Answer:
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.

IV. Answer briefly.

Lesson 7 Science Class 9 Question 1.
Define conduction.
Answer:
The process of transfer of heat in solids from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature without the actual movement of molecules is called conduction.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Question 2.
Ice is kept in a double-walled container. Why?
Answer:
Ice is kept in a double-walled container so as to prevent melting of ice from the heat absorbed present in the immediate surroundings. The vacuum present in between the two walls prevents the transfer of heat from the first to the second wall and hence the ice remains in the solid form for a longer time period.

Define Sublimation Class 9 Samacheer Kalvi Question 3.
How does the water kept in an earthen pot remain cool?
Answer:
An earthen pot consists of small pores from which the water inside the pot constantly seeps out and gets evaporated due to the presence of high temperature around it. The evaporation process requires heat which is acquired from the surface of the pot, hence making the water and the pot cooler.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Practical Question 4.
Differentiate convection and radiation.
Answer:

S.No.	Convection	Radiation
1.	Flow of heat through a fluid from places of higher temperature to places of lower temperature by movement of the fluid itself.	Flow of heat from one place to another by means of electromagnetic waves.
2.	Convection needs matter to be present.	Radiation can occur even in vacuum.
3.	Convection seen in daily life: Hot air balloons, breeze, wind, chimney.	Radiation in daily life: White or light coloured cloths, highly polished surface of airplane, helps to reflect most of the heat radiation from the sun.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Question 5.
Why do people prefer wearing white clothes during summer?
Answer:
People prefer white or light coloured clothes during summer as they are good reflectors of heat and hence, they keep us cool.

Question 6.
What is specific heat capacity?
Answer:

• The specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1°C or 1 K.
• Q = mC∆T, where Q is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature and m is the mass of the body and AT is the change in temperature of the body.
• The SI unit of specific heat capacity is Jkg^{– 1} K^{– 1}. The most commonly used units of specific heat capacity are J/kg°C and J/g°C.

Question 7.
Define thermal capacity.
Answer:

• Heat capacity or thermal capacity is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a body by 1°C. It is denoted by ‘C’.
• C = Q/t, where C’ is the heat capacity, ‘Q’ is the quantity of heat required and ‘f’ is rise in temperature.
• SI unit of heat capacity is J/K. It is also expressed in cal/°C, kcal/°C or J/°C.

Question 8.
Define specific latent heat capacity.
Answer:

• Specific latent heat is the amount of heat energy absorbed or liberated by unit mass of a substance during change of state without causing any change in temperature.
• Specific latent heat is given as L = Q/m, where ‘Q’ is the amount of heat energy absorbed or liberated and ‘m’ is mass of a substance during its change of phase at a constant temperature.
• The SI unit of specific latent heat is J/kg.

V. Answer in detail.

Question 1.
Explain convection in daily life.
Convection in daily life:
(i) Hot air balloons: Air molecules at the bottom of the balloon get heated by a heat source and rise. As the warm air rises, cold air is pushed downward and it is also heated. When the hot air is trapped inside the balloon, it rises.

(ii) Breeze: During day time, the air in contact with the land becomes hot and rises. Now the cool air over the surface of the sea replaces it. It is called sea breeze. During night time, air above the sea is warmer. As the warmer air over the surface of the sea rises, cooler air above the land moves towards the sea.

(iii) Winds: Air flows from area of high pressure to area of low pressure. The warm air molecules over hot surface rise and create low pressure. So, cooler air with high pressure flows towards low pressure area. This causes wind flow.
(iv) Chimneys: Tall chimneys are kept in kitchen and industrial furnaces. As the hot gases and smoke are lighter, they rise up in the atmosphere.

Question 2.
What are the changes of state in water? Explain.
Answer:
Any matter around us can be in three forms: solid, liquid and gas, called as states of matter. Depending upon the temperature, pressure and transfer of heat, matter is converted from one state to another and is known as change of state in matter. There are different such processes in the change of state in matter.

For example;

• Water molecules are in liquid state at normal temperature. When water is heated to 100°C, it becomes steam or vapour which is a gaseous state of matter. The process by which a
  liquid is converted to vapour by absorbing heat is called boiling or vaporization.
• The temperature at which a liquid changes its state to gas is called boiling point.
• On reducing the temperature of the steam it becomes water again. The process by which a vapour is converted to liquid by releasing heat is called condensation. On reducing the temperature of water further to 0°C, it becomes ice which is a solid state of water.
• The process by which a liquid is converted to solid by releasing heat is called freezing. The
  temperature by which a liquid changes its state to solid is called freezing point. Ice on
  heating, becomes water again by absorbing heat, a process known as melting.
• Dry ice changes directly to gaseous state without becoming liquid. This process is called
  sublimation.

Thus, water changes its state when there is a change in temperature.

Question 3.
How can you experimentally prove that water is a bad conductor of heat? How is it possible to heat water easily while cooking.
Experiment to prove that water is a bad conductor of heat:
Answer:
Take a glass tube and drop an ice cube wrapped in wire gauze in it.
Now fill 3/4th of this tube with water and place it above the burner as shown in the figure.
You can observe that the water boils at the edge and the ice present in the bottom of the tube has not melted indicating that heat has not reached the bottom where the ice cube is present. This proves that water is a bad conductor of heat.
It is easy to heat water easily or quickly while cooking. This is because, while cooking the vessel or pan is usually covered with a lid.

This leads to three things;

1. Radiation from the hot water is reflected back into the pan rather than being emitted
2. Free convection is effectively eliminated, and
3. Evaporative cooling’ is also eliminated.
   This in turn allows the water to be heated more easily.

VI. Problems:

Question 1.
What is the heat in joules required to raise the temperature of 25 grams of water from 0°C to 100°C? What is the heat in Calories? (Specific heat of water = 4.18 J/g°C).
Solution:
Given m = 25 g, ∆T = (100 – 0) = 100°C
Or in terms of Kelvin (373.15 – 273.15) = 100K,
C = 4.18J/g°C
Heat energy required, Q = m × C × ∆T = 25 × 4.18 × 100 = 10450 J

Question 2.
What could be the final temperature of a mixture of 100 g of water at 90°C and 600g of water at 20°C.
Solution:
To find final temperature: ∆Q = mc
lOOg of water originally at 90°C will loose an amount of heat,
∆Q = mc ∆T
∆Q = 100 × c × (90 – T)
The same amount of heat will be absorbed by 600g of water originally at 20°C to raise its temperature to T.
∆Q = 600 × c × (T – 30)
600C (T – 20°) = 100C (90° – T)
6T – 120° = 90° – T
6T + T = 120° + 90°
7T = 210° ⇒ T = 210/7
T = 30°C

Question 3.
How much heat energy is required to change 2 kg of ice at 0°C into water at 20°C? (Specific latent heat of fusion of water = 3,34,000J/kg, Specific heat capacity of water = 4200Jkg^{– 1} K^{– 1} ).
Solution:
Total heat = Heat required to convert 2Kg of ice into water at 0°C + Heat required to convert 2Kg of water at 0°C to 2Kg of water at 20°C
Heat = m (hfw) + mc∆T
Here, m(mass of ice) = 2Kg
hfw (specific latent heat of water) = 3,34,000J/Kg
C (specific heat capacity of water) = 4200JKg^{– 1}K^{– 1}
AT (Temperature difference) = 20°C
Therefore, Heat required = (2 × 334000) + (2 × 4200) (20 – 0)
= 668000 + 8400 (20)
= 668000+ 168000
Heat required = 8,36,000 J

Activity

Question 1.
Take a glass of water and put some ice cubes into it. Observe it for some time. What happens? The ice cubes melt and disappear. Why did it happen?
Solution:
It is because heat energy in the water is transferred to the ice.

Question 2.
Take metal rods of copper, aluminium, brass and iron. Fix a match stick to one end of each rod using a little melted wax. When the temperature of the far ends reach the melting point of wax, the matches drop off. It is observed that the match stick on the copper rod would fall first, showing copper as the best conductor followed by aluminum, brass and then iron.
Answer:
You can do the activity by yourself.

Question 3.
Drop a few crystals of potassium permanganate down to the bottom of a beaker containing water. When the beaker is heated just below the crystals, by a small flame, purple streaks of water rise upwards and fan outwards.
Answer:
You can do the activity by yourself.

Question 4.
Take some crushed ice cubes in a beaker and note down the temperature using thermometer. It will be 0°C. Now heat the ice i n the beaker. You can observe that ice is melting to form water. Record the temperature at regular intervals and it will remain at 0°C until whole ice is converted to liquid. Now heat the beaker again and record the temperature. You can notice that the temperature will rise up to 100°C and it will be at 100°C even after continuous heating until the whole mass of water in the beaker is vaporized.
Answer:
You can do the activity by yourself.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Heat In Text Problems

Question 1.
Convert the following,

1.  25 °C to Kelvin
2. 200 K to °C

Solution:

1. T_k = T_°C + 273.15
   T_k = 25 + 273.15 = 298.15 K
2. T_°C = T_k – 273.15
   T_°C = 200 – 273.15 = – 73.15 °C

Question 2.
Convert the following.

1. 35° C to Fahrenheit (°F)
2. 14 °F to °C

Solution:

1. T_°F = T_°C × 1.8 + 32
   T_°F = 25° C × 1.8 + 32 = 77 °F
2. T_°C = (T_°F – 32)/1.8
   T_°C = (14_°F – 32)/1.8 = – 10 °C

Question 3.
Calculate the heat energy required to raise the temperature of 2 kg of water from 10°C to 50°C. Specific heat capacity of water is 4200 JKg^{– 1} K^{– 1}.
Solution:
Given m = 2 Kg, ∆T = (50 – 10) = 40°C
In terms of Kelvin, ∆T = (323.15 – 283.15) = 40K,
C = 4200 J Kg^{– 1} K,sup>- 1
∴ Heat energy required, Q = m × C × ∆T = 2 × 4200 × 40 = 3,36,000 J

Question 4.
An iron ball requires 5000 J heat energy to raise its temperature by 20°C. Calculate the heat capacity of the iron ball.
Solution:
Given, Q = 5000 J, ∆T = 20°C or 20 K
Heat Capacity = \(\frac{\text { Heat energy required, } \mathrm{Q}}{\text { Rise in temperature, } \Delta \mathrm{T}}=\frac{5000}{20}\) = 250 JK^{– 1}

Question 5.
How much heat energy is required to melt 5 kg of ice? (Specific latent heat of ice = 336 Jg^{– 1})
Solution:
Given, m = 5 Kg = 5000g, L = 336 Jg^{– 1}
Heat energy required = m × L
= 5000 × 336
= 1680000J or 1.68 × 10⁶J

Question 6.
How much boiling water at 100°C is needed to melt 2 kg of ice so that the mixture which is all water is at 0°C?
[Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 JKg^{– 1} and specific latent heat of ice = 336 Jg^{– 1}].
Solution:
Given, mass of ice = 2 kg = 2000 g.
Let m be the mass of boiling water required.
Heat lost = Heat gained.
m × c × ∆t = m × L
m × 4.2 × (100 – 0) = 2000 × 336
m = \(\frac{2000 \times 336}{4.2 \times 100}\)
= 1600 g or 1.6 kg.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Heat Additional Questions

I. Short answers questions.

Question 1.
Define radiation.
Answer:
Radiation is a method of heat transfer that does not require particles to carry the heat energy.

Question 2.
What is heat energy?
Answer:
The sum of the kinetic and potential energy is called the internal heat energy of the molecules. This internal energy when flows out is called heat energy.

Question 3.
What are the three scales of temperature?
Answer:
There are three scales of temperature.

1. Fahrenheit scale
2. Celsius or Centigrade scale
3. Kelvin or Absolute scale.

Question 4.
What is absolute zero?
Answer:
The temperature at which the pressure and volume of a gas theoretically reaches zero is called absolute zero.

Question 5.
What is the concept of temperature?
Answer:
Temperature is the degree of hotness or coolness of a body. The hotter the body is higher is its temperature.

Question 6.
Differentiate between the three temperature scales.
Answer:

Fahrenheit Scale	Celcius Scale	Kelvin Scale
32°F and 212°F are the freezing and boiling points respectively.	0°C and 100°C are the freezing and boiling points respectively.	OK represents absolute zreo. 373.15k and 273.15k are boiling and freezing points respectively.
The interval has been divided into 180 parts.	The interval has been divided into 100 parts.	A one degree difference in kelvin is equal to one degree difference in celcius.
The formula for converting a Fahrenheit scale to Celcius scale is – C = 5/9(F-32)	The formula for converting a Celcius scale to Fahrenheit scale is – F = 9/5C + 32	The formula for converting a Kelvin scale to Celcius scale is -C = K-273.15
	Also known as centigrade scale.	Also known as absolute scale.

II. Long answers questions.

Question 1.
Write specific heat capacity of any five substances.
Answer:
Specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1°C or 1 K. The SI unit of specific heat capacity is Jkg^{– 1}K^{– 1}.

Specific Heat Capacity of some common substances

S. No.	Substance	Specific Heat Capacity in JKg-1 KT1
1.	Lead	130
2.	Mercury	139
3.	Brass	380
4.	Zinc	391
5.	Copper	399
6.	Iron	483
7.	Glass (flint)	504
8.	Aluminium	882
9.	Kerosene	2100
10.	Ice	2100
11.	Sea Water	3900
12.	Water	4180

Question 2.
Differentiate between Conduction, Convection and Radiation.
Answer:

Conduction	Convection	Radiation
Conduction takes place in solids	Convection takes place in liquids and gases.	All hot objects give away heat by radiation.
Heat transfer takes place on contact between hot to cold molecule.	The hot molecules goes away from the heat source to the coldest region to the top.	Heat is carried as small packets of energy, which travel in straight line.
Conduction does not occur in vacuum.	Convection does not occur in vacuum.	Radiation can occur in vacuum.
Heat transfer can occur in any direction from hot to cold body.	Heat transfer occurs along the path of convection current from heat source to the coldest region on the top.	Heat transfer occurs when photons are met with an obstacle.
Conduction is a relatively slow process.	This process is faster than conduciton, but slower than radiation	Radiation is fastest way of heat transfer.

Question 3.
What is latent heat of vapourisation. Explain with diagram.
Answer:

Heat energy is absorbed by a solid during melting and an equal amount of heat energy is liberated by the liquid during freezing, without any temperature change. It is called latent heat of fusion. In the same manner, heat energy is absorbed by a liquid during vaporization and an equal amount of heat energy is liberated by the vapor during condensation, without any temperature changes. This is called latent heat of vaporization.

Question 4.
Give reasons why –

1. a steam burn is more damaging than a burn caused from boiling water at the same temperature.
2. an igloo is built as a winter shelter
3. gaps are left between railway tracks
4. chimneys are located high up in kitchens and factories
5. we wear woollen clothes in winter.

Answer:

1. A steam bum is more damaging as when steam hits our skin it condenses to water and attains the temperature of our skin. There will be an energy release due to latent heat and fall in temperature. Whereas when boiling water fall on our skin, there is no transition in energy, only fall in temperature and heat transferred to the skin will be due to cooling.
2. igloo is built as a winter shelter due to snow’s insulating property. The inside of an igloo acts as an insulator and keeps it relatively warm.
3. During summer, heat causes expansion in tracks that are made of metal. If gaps a re not left between tracks, the track may bend due to expansion and accidents can occur.
4. As hot gases and smoke are lighter, they rise up. Therefore chimneys are placed high up in kitchens and factories, so that the hot air can rise up and go out into the atmosphere.
5. We wear woollen clothes in winter, as wool acts as an insulator. The air trapped between the woollen sweater and our clothes acts as an insulator and does not allow air from outside to enter, thereby keeping us warm.

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 9th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Set Language Ex 1.5

Exercise 1.5 Class 9 Maths Samacheer Question 1.
Using the adjacent venn diagram, find the following sets:
(i) A – B
(ii) B – C
(iii) A’ ∪ B’
(vi) A’ ∩ B’
(v) (B ∪ C)’
(vi) A – (B ∪ C)
(vii) A – (B ∩ C)

Solution:
(i) A – B = {3, 4, 6}
(ii) B – C = {-1, 5, 7}
(iii) A’ ∪ B’
A’ = {1, 2, 0, -3, 5, 7, 8}
B’ = {-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6)
A’ ∪ B’ = {-3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)

(iv) A’ ∩ B’
A’ ∩ B’ = {-3, 0, 1, 2}

(v) B ∪ C = {-3, -2, -1, 0, 3, 5, 7, 8}
(B ∪ C)’ = U – (B ∪ C)
= {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} – {-3, -2, -1, 0, 3, 5, 7, 8}
(B ∪ C)’ = {1, 2, 4, 6}

(vi) A – (B ∪ C) = {-2, -1, 3, 4,6} – {-3, -2, -1, 0, 3, 5, 7, 8} = {4, 6}
A – (B ∩ C)
B ∩ C = {-2, 8}
A- (B ∩ C) = {-2, -1, 3, 4, 6} – {-2, 8} = {-1, 3, 4, 6}

9th Maths Exercise 1.5 Samacheer Kalvi Question 2.
If K = {a, b, d, e,f}, L = {b, c, d, g} and M {a, b, c, d, h} then find the following:
(i) K ∪ (L ∩ M)
(ii) K ∩ (L ∪ M)
(iii) (K ∪ L) ∩ (K ∪ M)
(iv) (K ∩ L) ∪ (K ∩ M) and verify distributive laws.
Solution:
K = {a, b, d, e, f}, L = {b, c, d, g} and M {a, b, c, d, h}
(i) K ∪ (L ∩ M)
L ∩ M = {b, c, d, g} ∩ {a, b, c, d, h} = {b, c, d}
K ∪ (L ∩ M) = {a, b, d, e, f } ∪ {b, c, d) = {a, b, c, d, e, f}

(ii) K ∩(L ∪ M)
L ∪ M = {a, b, c, d, g, h}
K ∩ (L ∪ M) = {a, b, d, e, f} ∩ {a, b, c, d, g, h} = {a, b, d}

(iii) (K ∪ L) ∩ (K ∪ M)
K ∪ L = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g}
K ∪ M = {a, b, c, d, e, f, h}
(K ∪ L) ∩ (K ∪ M) = {a, b, c, d, e,f}

(iv) (K ∩ L) ∪ (K ∩ M)
(K ∩ L) = {b, d)
(K ∩ M) = {a,b,d}
(K ∩ L) ∪ (K ∩ M) = {b, d} ∪ {a, b, d} = {a, b, d}

Distributive laws
K ∪ (L ∩ M) = (K ∪ L) ∩ (K ∪ M)
{a, b, c, d, e, f) = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g} ∩ {a, b, c, d, e, f, h}
= {a, b, c, d, e, f}
Thus Verified.
K ∩ (L ∪ M) = (K ∩ L) ∪ (K ∩ M)
{a, b, d} = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g} ∪ {a, b, c, d, e, f, h}
= {a, b, d}
Thus Verified.

9th Maths Set Language Exercise 1.5 Question 3.
If A = {x : x ∈ Z, -2 < x ≤ 4}, B = {x : x ∈ W, x ≤ 5}, C ={-4, -1, 0, 2, 3, 4}, then verify A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C).
Solution:
A = {x : x ∈ Z, -2 < x ≤ 4} = {-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
B = {x : x ∈ W, x ≤ 5} = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
C = {-4, -1, 0, 2, 3, 4}
A ∪ (B ∩ C)
B ∩ C = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} ∩ {-4, -1, 0, 2, 3, 4} = {0, 2, 3, 4}
A ∪ (B ∩ C) = {-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4} ∪ (0, 2, 3, 4} ={-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4} …………. (1)
(A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C)
A ∩ B = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
A ∩ C = {-1, 0, 2, 3, 4}
(A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C) = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} ∪ {-1, 0, 2, 3, 4}= {-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4} …………. (2)
From (1) and (2), it is verified that
A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C)

9th Maths Exercise 1.5 Question 4.
Verify A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C) using Venn diagrams.
Solution:
L.H.S A ∪ (B ∩ C)

From (2) and (5), it is verified that A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C)

Class 9 Maths Chapter 1 Samacheer Kalvi Question 5.
If A = {b, c, e, g, h}, B = {a, c, d, g, i} and C = {a, d, e, g, h}, then show that A – (B ∩ C) = (A – B) ∪ (A – C).
Solution:
A = {b, c, e, g, h}
B = {a, c, d, g, i}
C = {a, d, e, g, h}
B ∩ C = {a, d, g}
A – (B ∩ C) = {b, c, e, g, h} – {a, d, g} = {b, c, e, h} ……..… (1)
A- B = {b, c, e, g, h} – {a, c, d, g, i} = {b, e, h}
A – C = {b, c, e, g, h} – {a, d, e, g, h} = {b, c}
(A – B) ∪ (A – C) = {b, c, e, h} ………..… (2)
From (1) and (2) it is verified that
A – (B ∩ C) = (A – B) ∪ (A – C)

Samacheerkalvi.Guru 9th Maths Question 6.
If A = {x : x = 6 n ∈ W and n < 6}, B = {x : x = 2n, n ∈ N and 2 < n ≤ 9} and C = {x : x = 3n, n ∈ N and 4 ≤ n < 10}, then show that A – (B ∩ C) = (A – B) ∪ (A – C)
Solution:
A = {x : x = 6n, n ∈ W, n < 6}
x = 6n
n = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
⇒ x = 6 × 0 = 0
x = 6 × 1= 6
x = 6 × 2 = 12
x = 6 × 3 = 18
x = 6 × 4 = 24
x = 6 × 5 = 30
∴ A = {0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30}

B = { x : x = 2n, n ∈ N, 2 < n ≤ 9}
n = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
x = 2 n
⇒ x = 2 × 3 = 6
2 × 4 = 8
2 × 5 = 10
2 × 6 = 12
2 × 7 = 14
2 × 8 = 16
2 × 9 = 18
∴ B {6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18}

C = { x : x = 3n, n ∈ N, 4 ≤ n < 10}
N = { 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
x = 3 × 4 = 12
⇒ x = 3 × 5 = 15
x = 3 × 6 = 18
x = 3 × 7 = 21
x = 3 × 8 = 24
x = 3 × 9 = 27
x = 2 × 9 = 18
∴ C = {12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27}

A – (B ∩ C) = (A – B) ∪ (A – C)
L.H.S R.H.S
B ∩ C = {12,18}
A – (B ∩ C) = {0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30} – {12, 18} = {0, 6, 24, 30} ……….…. (1)
(A – B) = {0, 24, 30}
(A – C) = {0, 6, 30}
(A – B) ∪ (A – C) = {0, 6, 24, 30} …………. (2)
From (1) and (2), it is verified that
A – (B ∩ C) = (A – B) ∪ (A – C).

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 9th Maths Question 7.
If A = {-2, 0, 1, 3, 5}, B = {-1, 0, 2, 5, 6} and C = {-1, 2, 5, 6, 7}, then show that A – (B ∪ C) = (A – B) ∩ (A – C).
Solution:
A = {-2, 0, 1, 3, 5},
B = {-1, 0, 2, 5, 6}
C ={-1, 2, 5, 6, 7}
B ∪ C = {-1, 0, 2, 5, 6, 7}
A – (B ∪ C) = {-2, 1, 3} …………. (1)
(A – B) = {-2, 1, 3}
(A – C) = {-2, 0, 1, 3}
(A – B) ∩ (A – C) = {-2, 1, 3} ………..… (2)
From (1) and (2), it is verified that . A – (B ∪ C) = (A – B) ∩ (A – C)

9th Standard Maths Exercise 1.5 Question 8.
if A={y: y = \(\frac{a+1}{2}\), a ∈ W and a ≤ 5},B = {y: y=\(\frac{2 n-1}{2}\),n ∈ W and n < 5} and C={−1,\(-\frac{1}{2}\), 1, \(\frac{3}{2}\), 2} then show that A – (B ∪ C) = (A – B) ∩ (A – C).
Solution:


(A – B) ∩ (A – C) = {3} …………. (2)
From (1) and (2), it is verified that A – (B ∪ C) = (A – B) ∩ (A – C).

9th Maths Exercise 1.5 In Tamil Question 9.
Verify A – (B ∩ C) = (A – B) ∪ (A – C) using Venn diagrams.
Solution:

∴ A – (B ∩ C) = (A – B) ∪ (A – C)
Hence it is proved.

Kalvi Guru 9th Maths Question 10.
If U = {4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16}, A = {7, 8, 11, 12} and B = {4, 8, 12, 15}, then verify De Morgan’s Laws for complementation.
U = {4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16}
A = {7, 8, 11, 12}, B = {4, 8, 12, 15}
De Morgan’s Laws for complementation.
(A ∪ B)’ = A’ ∩ B’
A ∪ B = {4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15}
(A ∪ B)’ = {4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16} – {4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15}
= {10, 16} ……………. (1)
A’ = {4, 10, 15, 16}
B’ = {7, 10, 11, 16}
A’ ∩ B’ = {10, 16} ………………(2)
From (1) and (2) it is verified that (A ∪ B)’ = A’ ∩ B’.

9th Class Math Exercise 1.5 Solution Question 11.
Verify (A ∩ B)’ = A’ ∪ B’ using Venn diagrams.
Solution:
(A ∩ B)’ = A’ ∪ B’

(2) = (5)
∴ (A ∩ B)’ = A’ ∪ B’

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 9th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Geometry Ex 4.6

9th Maths Geometry Exercise 4.6 Question 1.
Draw a triangle ABC, where AB = 8 cm, BC = 6 cm and ∠B = 70° and locate its circumcentre and draw the circumcircle.
Solution:
∆ABC, where AB = 8 cm,
BC = 6 cm,
B = 70°

Construction:
(i) Draw the ∆ABC with the given measurements.
(ii) Construct the perpendicular bisector at any two sides (AB and BC) and let them meet at S which is the circumcircle.
(iii) S as centre and SA = SB = SC as radius, draw the circumcircle to pass through A, B, and C. Circum radius = 4.3 cm.

9th Maths Exercise 4.6 Question 2.
Construct the right triangle PQR whose perpendicular sides are 4.5 cm and 6 cm. Also locate its circumcentre and draw the circumcircle.
Solution:
Right triangle PQR whose perpendicular sides are 4.5 cm and 6 cm

Construction :
(i) Draw the right triangle PQR with the given measurements.
(ii) Construct the perpendicular bisector at any two sides (PQ and QR) and let them meet at S which is the circumcentre.
(iii) S as centre and SP = SQ = SR as radius, draw the circumcircle to pass through P, Q and R. Circumradius = 3.7 cm.

9th Maths Geometry Exercise 4.6 In Tamil Question 3.
Construct ∆ABC with AB = 5 cm ∠B = 100° and BC = 6 cm. Also locate its circumcentre draw circumcircle.
Solution:

Construction :
(i) Draw the ∆ABC with the given measurements.
(ii) Construct the perpendicular bisector at any two sides (BC and AC) and let them meet at S which is the circumcentre.
(iii) S as centre and SA = SB = SC as radius, draw the circumcircle to pass through A, B, and C. Circumradius = 4.3 cm.

Ex 4.6 Class 9 Maths Question 4.
Construct an isosceles triangle PQR where PQ = PR and ∠Q = 50°, QR = 7cm. Also draw its circumcircle.
Solution:
Isosceles triangle PQR where PQ = PR and Q = 50°, QR = 7 cm.

Construction :
(i) Draw the ∆PQR with the given measurements.
(ii) Construct the perpendicular bisector at any two sides (PQ and QR) and let them meet at S which is the circumcentre.
(iii) S as centre and SP = SQ = SR as radius, draw the circumcircle to pass through P, Q, R. Circumradius = 3.5 cm.

9th Standard Maths Exercise 4.6 Question 5.
Draw an equilateral triangle of sides 6.5 cm and locate its incentre. Also draw the incircle.

Solution:
Side = 6.5 cm

Construction :
Step 1 : Draw ∆ABC with AB = BC = CA = 6.5 cm
Step 2 : Construct angle bisectors of any two angles (A and B) and let them meet at I.I is the incentre of ∆ABC.
Step 3 : Draw perpendicular from I to any one of the side (AB) to meet AB at D.
Step 4 : With I as centre, ID as radius draw the circle. This circle touches all the sides of triangle internally.
Step 5 : Measure in radius. In radius = 1.9 cm.

Exercise 4.6 Class 9 Maths Question 6.
Draw a right triangle whose hypotenuse is 10 cm and one of the legs is 8 cm. Locate its incentre and also draw the incircle.
Solution:
hypotenuse = 10 cm
One of the legs = 8 cm

Step 1 : Draw AABC with BC = 8 cm. AC = 10 cm with right angle at B.
Step 2 : Construct angle bisectors of any two angles (B and C) and let them meet at 1.1 is the incentre.
Step 3 : Draw perpendicular from I to any side of the triangle to meet BC at D.
Step 4 : With I as centre, ID as radius draw the incircle, which touches all the three sides of the triangle internally. In radius = 1.9 cm.

9th Maths Geometry Exercise 4.6 Solutions Question 7.
Draw ∆ABC given AB = 9 cm, ∠CAB = 115° and ∆ABC = 40°. Locate its incentre and also draw the incircle. (Note: You can check from the above examples that the incentre of any triangle is always in its interior).
Solution:

Construction :
Step 1 : Draw ∆ABC with AB = 9 cm. ∠A = 115°,∠B = 40°.
Step 2 : Construct angle bisectors of any two angles (B and C). Let them meet at I.I is the incentre of ∆ABC.
Step 3 : Draw perpendicular from I to any side (BC) to meet BC at D.
Step 4 : Draw incircle, with I as centre and ID a radius. Measures the in radius.

9th Geometry 4.6 Question 8.
Construct ∆ABC in which AB = BC = 6 cm and B = 80° . Locate its incentre and draw the incircle.
Solution:
In ∆ABC, AB = BC = 6 cm, ∠B = 80°.

Construction :
Step 1 : Draw AABC with BC = 6 cm. AB = 6 cm, AB = 6 cm, and ∠B = 80°.
Step 2 : Construct the incentre I and ID is the in radius, as in the previous sums.
Step 3 : Draw incircle with I as centre and ID as radius. It touches all the three sides internally.
Step 4 : Measure in radius. In radius = 1.7

You can Download The Fun They Had Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf Supplementary Chapter 2 help you to revise complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 2 The Fun They Had

The Fun They Had Warm Up:

Here is an imaginary high school class depicted in a French postcard (1901-1910). Discuss what do you think have come true in the present century.

With the advancement in technology, schools will also have to take a change in their style of teaching-learning process. What we see in the picture reminds me of the language laboratory in school, which is used for enhancing English language as a skill. The given picture shows further advanced applications; like, using technology for entire classroom learning for all subjects. The teacher plays the role of either an inspector or an instructor in the classroom. Whether it is really admirable or not, we may have to wait and see.

Now, share your views about the changes that you and your classmates expect in your school and classroom in about 20-50 years.

In about 20-50 years, there won’t be any school. All children will be techno-savvy and learn things at their own pace. Credit system will be followed. Test or exam pressure will not be there because the students shall be taking the exam independently, as and when they like. Sports and games will be through play stations; co-curricular activities would be online. There is a possibility of mind reading – all telepathists would judge and evaluate the students’ knowledge only through mind reading and not through the usual percentage method.

The Fun They Had Textual Questions

A. Identify the character or speaker of the following lines.

1. She was given test after test in geography. ……………………………
2. He was a round little man with a red face and a whole box of tools with dials and wires. ……………………
3. She had been hoping they would take the teacher away altogether. ……………………….
4. They learned the same things, so they could help one another with the homework and talk about it. …………
5. They had a special building and all the kids went there. ……………………….

Answers:

1. Margie
2. County Inspector
3. Margie
4. Students of the old school
5. Tommy

B. Fill in the blanks with the clue given below to complete the paragraph

Tommy and Margie found something about the (1) ____________ of the past. Tommy found a (2) ____________ which has been printed on paper. The book was old and the pages were (3) ____________ At present, the (4) ____________ were moving on a television screen. The television had over (5) ____________ He had found the old book in the (6) ____________ of his house. While reading Tommy found that it was about the old schools. Margie hated school because she was having problems with learning (7) ____________ The mechanical teacher was black and large with a screen. Margie hated the slot where she had to insert her homework or (8) ____________ Margie did not understand how a (9)____________ could be a teacher and how the students were taught the (10) ____________ Then it was (11) ____________ for Margie and Tommy. Margie went to the schoolroom in her (12) ____________ where the mechanical teacher stood. She was thinking about the old school and how much fun the children had, (13) ____________ time together
Answers:

1. schools
2. real book
3. yellow and crinkly
4. words
5. million of books
6. attic
7. geography
8. test papers
9. person
10. same thing
11. time
12. house
13. learning and spending

C. Bring out the difference between your school and Margie’s school in the given tabular column. An example is done for you.

D. Complete the following statements based on your reading.

1. The old book was found by ____________ .
2. Margie was surprised to see the old book because ____________ .
3. The mechanical teacher was giving Margie ____________ .
4. Margie had to study always at the same time every day, because her mother said little girls ____________ .
5. The geography sector in mechanical teacher was ____________ .

Answers:

1. Tommy
2. The words stood still, instead of moving
3. test after test in geography
4. learned letter, if they learned at regular hours
5. geared a little too quickly

Think And Write:

E. On the basis of your reading and using your own ideas, answer the following in about 125 -150 words each.

The Fun They Had Book Back Answers Question 1.
Describe Margie’s mechanical teacher and her classroom in your own words.
Answer:
Tommy found the book on 17 May 2157. It was a very old book. The pages, were yellow and crinkly, and it was awfully funny to read the words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to, on a screen. The mechanical teacher had been giving her test after test in geography and she had been doing worse and worse until her mother had shaken her head sorrowfully and sent for the county inspector.

9th English The Fun They Had Question 2.
Why did Margie hate her school? What was she thinking about at the end of the story?
Answer:
The part Margie hated most was the slot where she had to put homework and test papers. The geography sector was geared a little too quickly. She had been hoping that they would take the teacher away altogether. She was thinking about the old schools where the teacher told boys and girls things and gave them homework and asked them questions. The students had a special building and all the kids went there. All the kids learned the same thing.

The Fun They Had Summary In Tamil Question 3.
What was strange about the ‘book’? Why did Margie find it strange?
Answer:
The pages of the ‘book’ were yellow and crinkly. It was awfully funny to read words that stood still, unlike moving on a screen. When Margie turned back to the previous page, the page had the same words on it, when she read it the first time. All these things were strange for Margie, as she used to read only telebooks through computer screen, without any knowledge of a real book.

The Fun They Had Samacheer Kalvi Additional Questions

The Fun They Had 9th Standard Question 1.
In spite of all comforts and luxuries in today’s world, our grandparents still cherish their own time when life was quite tough. Give your own views regarding this in 80-100 words.
Answer:
Our grandparents lived during the years of 1950s to 1970s. At that time life was very simple yet tough. They had time to explore the surroundings and the world. They had parks to play with less pollution around them. Mechanical gadgets were there but were used only for necessary activities. There were rivers where they could go for picnics and treks without the fear of getting any allergy.

The school was more of a fun place where they would meet their friends. They studied but were not competing against each other. For them togetherness was important rather than competition. In today’s world we are competing against our friends. We have all the facilities of life but we do not have time for our family and friends. We like to play but on computers and play stations rather than with our siblings and friends.

The Fun They Had Questions Answers Question 2.
Machines can’t replace human beings. Explain with reference to the lesson ‘The Fun They Had’.
Answer:
A teacher has to not only teach and explain things but also has to understand the mindset of the students. A computer instructor will only be able to deliver the lesson but will not be able to understand the problems of the students. A teacher emotionally connects to the students to make them comfortable but this is not the case with a mechanical teacher.

Teaching can be best done by a person because then only will they be able to pass on the correct values and lessons to the students. Though smart classrooms are introduced, teachers are not replaced by machines. In the morning sessions, usually classes are very active. Teachers do full-fledged teaching. Afternoon sessions include activity-based jobs. Only teachers can have such kind of understanding of children’s psychology. Affirmatively we can say teachers can’t be replaced.

The Fun They Had by Isaac Asimov About The Author:

Isaac Asimov (1920 – 1992) was an American writer, known for his work of science fiction and ‘popular science’. He was a professor of Biochemistry at Boston University. Along with Robert A. Heinlein and Arthur C. Clarke, Asimov was considered one of the “Big Three” science fiction writers during his lifetime. He edited more than 500 books and approximately 90,000 letters and postcards. Asimov’s most famous work is the “Foundation” series. He also wrote mysteries and fantasy, as much as nonfiction.

The Fun They Had Summary:

Isaac Asimov was known for his work of science fiction. ‘The Fun they had’ is an ideal example of his fictitious stories. On 17th May 2157, Tommy, a thirteen-year-old boy finds a ‘real book’ in the attic of his house. His friend Margie, an eleven-year-old girl mentions this incident in her diary.

Surprised and astonished to see a ‘real book’, they both take a look at it together. The book has been printed on paper. It is really old and its pages are yellow and cranky. In the year 2157, this kind of books doesn’t exist anymore. In this time, words are moving on a television screen. This television contains over a million books. That is the reason why Tommy thinks that they are much better.

While reading the old book, Tommy says that it is about school! But not about their type of school; it is about school centuries ago. Margie hates school and cannot understand why someone would write about it. She is having problem with learning geography from her ‘mechanical teacher’, which is black, large and has a screen on it. It teaches the students, gives them exercises and asks them questions, all in a special room in their own house. It can also calculate the marks in no time.

Margie hates papers. Once, the geography sector of her mechanical teacher was geared too quickly, so that her marks got worse and worse. The country inspector had to rebuild it and it took him about an hour to set things right.

Tommy and Margie find out that students back then had a human as a teacher who taught the girls and boys, gave them homework and asked them questions. School was a special kind of building where the children went to. The children of same age gathered in a class and were taught by a teacher.

At first, Margie does not understand how a person could be a teacher and how all the students were taught the same thing, because her mother says that education must fit each child’s mind. But nevertheless, in her opinion, these schools are funny and she wants to read more about it.

Then it is time for Margie and Tommy for their school. Margie goes to the schoolroom in her house where the mechanical teacher stands. It is already on because the lessons are always at regular hours. Margie keeps thinking about the old school system and how much fun the children must have had back then, learning and spending time together.

The Fun They Had Glossary:

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 9th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 5 Coordinate Geometry Ex 5.3

9th Maths Exercise 5.3 Solution Question 1.
Find the mid-points of the line segment joining the points
(i) (-2, 3) and (-6, -5)
(ii) (8, -2) and (-8, 0)
(iii) (a, b) and (a + 2b, 2a – b)
(iv) \(\left(\frac{1}{2},-\frac{3}{7}\right)\) and \(\left(\frac{3}{2}, \frac{-11}{7}\right)\)
Solution:

9th Maths Exercise 5.3 Question 2.
The centre of a circle is (-4, 2). If one end of the diameter of the circle is (-3, 7) then find the other end.
Solution:

∴ The other end is (-5, -3)

9th Maths Exercise 5.3 Samacheer Kalvi Question 3.
If the mid-point (x, y) of the line joining (3, 4) and (p, 7) lies on 2x + 2y + 1 = 0, then
what will be the value of p?
Solution:

9th Maths 5.3 Question 4.
The midpoint of the sides of a triangle are (2, 4), (-2, 3) and (5, 2). Find the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle.
Solution:

Ex 5.3 Class 9 Samacheer Question 5.
O(0, 0) is the centre of a circle whose one chord is AB, where the points A and B are (8, 6) and (10, 0) respectively. OD is the perpendicular from the centre to the chord AB. Find the coordinates of the mid-point of OD.
Solution:

Coordinate Geometry Class 9 Exercise 5.3 Question 6.
The points A (-5, 4), B (-1, -2) and C(5, 2) are the vertices of an isosceles right¬angled triangle where the right angle is at B. Find the coordinates of D so that ABCD is a square.
Solution:

Class 9 Maths Exercise 5.3 Solution Question 7.
The points A(-3, 6), B(0, 7) and C(1, 9) are the mid points of the sides DE, EF and FD of a triangle DEF. Show that the quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.
Solution:
In a parallelogram diagonals bisect each other and diagonals are not equal.

Exercise 5.3 Class 10 Samacheer Kalvi Question 8.
A (-3, 2), B (3, 2) and C(-3, -2)are the vertices of the right triangle, right angled at A. Show that the mid point of the hypotenuse is equidistant from the vertices.
Solution:

Hence proved

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 9th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.7

9th Maths Algebra Exercise 3.7 Question 1.
Find the quotient and remainder of the following.
(i) (4x³ + 6x² – 23x + 18) ÷ (x + 3)
(ii) (8y³ – 16y² + 16y -15) ÷ (2y – 1)
(iii) (8x³ – 1) ÷ (2x – 1)
(iv) (-18z + 14z² + 24z³ + 18) ÷ (3z + 4)
Solution:
(i) (4x³ + 6x² – 23x + 18) ÷ (x + 3)

Quotient = 4x² – 6x – 5
Remainder = 33

(ii) (8y³ – 16y² + 16y -15) ÷ (2y – 1)

Quotient = 4y² – 6y + 5
Remainder = -10

(iii) (8x³ – 1) ÷ (2x – 1)

Quotient = 4x² + 2x + 1
Remainder = 0

(iv) (-18z + 14z² + 24z³ + 18) ÷ (3z + 4)

Quotient = 8z² – 6z + 2
Remainder = 10

9th Maths Exercise 3.7 Question 2.
The area of rectangle is x² + 7x + 12. If its breadth is (x + 3), then find its length.
Solution:
Area of a rectangle = x² + 7x + 12
Its breadth = x + 3
Area = breadth × length
x² + 7x + 12 = (x + 3) × length
∴ Length = (x² + 7x + 12) ÷ (x + 3)

Quotient = x + 4; Remainder = 0;
∴ Length = x + 4

Exercise 3.7 Class 9 Question 3.
The base of a parallelogram is (5x + 4). Find its height, if the area is 25x² – 16.
Solution:
The base of a parallelogram is (5x + 4)
Area = 25x² – 16
Area = b × h = 25x² – 16
base = 5x + 4

∴ height of the parallelogram = 5x – 4.

9th Standard Maths Exercise 3.7 Question 4.
The sum of (x + 5) observations is (x³ + 125). Find the mean of the observations.
Solution:
The sum of (x + 5) observations is (x³ + 125)


Quotient = x² – 5x + 25
Remainder = 0
∴ Mean of the observations = x² – 5x + 25

9th Maths 3.7 Question 5.
Find the quotient and remainder for the following using synthetic division:
(i) (x³ + x² – 7x – 3) ÷ (x – 3)
(ii) (x³ + 2x² – x – 4) ÷ (x + 2)
(iii) (3x³ – 2x² + 7x – 5) ÷ (x + 3)
(iv) (8x⁴ – 2x² + 6x + 5) ÷ (4x + 1)
Solution:
(i) (x³ + x² – 7x – 3) ÷ (x – 3)
Let p (x) = x³ + x² – 7x – 3
q (x) = x – 3 To find the zero of x – 3
p(x) in standard form ((i.e.) descending order)
x³ + x² – 7x – 3

Quotient is x² + 4x + 5
Remainder is 12

(ii) (x³ + 2x² – x – 4) + (x + 2)
p (x) = x³ + 2x² – x – 4
Co-efficients are 1 2 -1 – 4
To find zero of x + 2, put x + 2 = 0; x = -2

∴ Quotient is x² – 1
Remainder is -2

(iii) (3x³ – 2x² + 7x – 5) ÷ (x + 3)
To find zero of the divisor (x + 3), put x + 3 = 0; ∴ x = – 3
Dividend in Standard form 3x³ – 2x² + 7x – 5
Co-efficients are 3 -2 7 – 5
Synthetic Division

Quotient is 3x² – 11x + 40
Remainder is -125

(iv) (8x⁴ – 2x² + 6x + 5) ÷ (4x + 1)
To find zero of the divisor 4x + 1, put 4x + 1 = 0 ; 4x = -1; x = \(-\frac{1}{4}\)
Dividend in Standard form 8x⁴ + 0x³ – 2x² + 6x + 5
Co-efficients are 8 0 -2 6 5
Synthetic Division

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Maths Chapter 3 Question 6.
If the quotient obtained on dividing (8x⁴ – 2x² + 6x – 7) by (2x + 1) is (4x³ + px² -qx + 3), then find p, q and also the remainder.
Solution:
Let p (x) = 8x⁴ – 2x² + 6x – 7
Standard form = 8x⁴ + 0x³ – 2x² + 6x – 7

Quotient 4x³ – 2x² + 3 is compared with the given quotient 4x³ + px² – qx + 3
Co-efficients of x² is p = – 2
Co-efficients of x is q = 0
Remainder is – 10

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Maths Book Answers Question 7.
If the quotient obtained on dividing 3x³ + 11x² + 34x + 106 by x – 3 is 3x² + ax + b, then find a, b and also the remainder.
Solution:
Let p (x) = 3x³ + 11x² + 34x + 106
p (x) in standard form
Co-efficients are 3 11 34 106
q(x) = x – 3, its zero x = 3
Synthetic division

Quotient is 3x² + 20x + 94, it is compared with the given quotient 3x² + ax + b
Co-efficient of x is a = 20
Constant term is b = 94
Remainder r = 388

You can Download A Birthday Letter Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf Prose Chapter 7 help you to revise complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Prose Chapter 7 A Birthday Letter

A Birthday Letter Warm Up:

A Birthday Letter Summary Question 1.
Have you ever received a personal letter from your friends or relatives?
Answer:
Yes.

A Birthday Letter By Jawaharlal Nehru Summary Question 2.
If yes, from whom and about what?
Answer:
I have received letters from my brother who stays in Coimbatore, enquiring about my health and well-being and also about how I spent my summer vacation.

A Birthday Letter Question And Answer Question 3.
Have you ever written a personal letter to anyone?
Answer:
Yes, I have.

A Birthday Letter By Jawaharlal Nehru Question Answer Question 4.
If yes, to whom and about what?
Answer:
I have written letters to my cousin who stays in Kerala, enquiring about how she did in her annual examinations.

A Birthday Letter Intext Questions

A Birthday Letter 9th Std Question 1.
From which prison did Nehru write this letter?
Answer:
Nehru wrote the letter from Central Prison, Naini, in Uttar Pradesh.

A Birthday Letter By Jawaharlal Nehru Question 2.
Did Nehru send any presents to Indira?
Answer:
No, he did not send any solid material presents.

A Birthday Letter Book Back Answers Question 3.
Which historical character inspired young Indira?
Answer:
The historical character which inspired young Indira was Joan of Arc.

A Birthday Letter Jawaharlal Nehru Explanation Question 4.
What helps the ordinary men and women to become heroes?
Answer:
History helps the ordinary men and women to become heroes.

Birthday Letter Summary Question 5.
Who is addressed as ‘Bapuji’?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhiji is addressed as Bapuji.

A Birthday Letter Questions Answers Question 6.
What should the soldiers of India respect?
Answer:
The soldiers of India should respect India’s honour.

A Birthday Letter Textual Questions

A. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

9th English A Birthday Letter Question 1.
Why could not Nehru send any presents to Indira?
Answer:
Nehru could not send any presents to Indira because he was in prison.

A Birthday Letter Lesson Plan Question 2.
What cannot be stopped even by the high walls of prisons?
Answer:
Mind and spirit cannot be stopped even by the high walls of prisons.

A Birthday Letter By Jawaharlal Nehru In Tamil Question 3.
Why did Nehru dislike sermonizing?
Answer:
Nehru has always thought that the best way to find what is right is not by giving a sermon but by talking and discussing.

Birthday Letter Jawaharlal Nehru Question 4.
What does history tell us?
Answer:
History tells us the life of nations, of great men and women.

A Birthday Letter By Jawaharlal Nehru In English Question 5.
What do ordinary men and women usually think of?
Answer:
Ordinary men and women are not usually heroic. They think of their bread and butter, of their children, of their household worries and the like.

Question 6.
When do ordinary men and women become heroes?
Answer:
A time comes when a whole people become interested in a great cause. Then history helps even simple, ordinary men and women to become heroes.

Question 7.
What does the phrase ‘great drama’ refer to?
Answer:
The great drama refers to India’s freedom movements.

Question 8.
Why are the freedom fighters under Gandhi not afraid of anything?
Answer:
The freedom fighters under Gandhi are not afraid of anything as there is no room for secrecy or hiding.

Additional Questions

Question 1.
Mention the topics that Nehru wrote about in his letters to Indira?
Answer:
In his letters to Indira, Nehru wrote about languages, trade, history, geography, science, epics and evolution.

Question 2.
What impact did the letters have on Indira?
Answer:
The letters written to the teenager contained Nehru’s understanding of the world which he wanted to impart to his daughter Indira. It is no wonder that such letters made her the strong personality our previous generation saw in her.

Question 3.
What did the great leaders in India do to the deprived?
Answer:
The great leaders helped to free those who were starving, those in poverty and the oppressed and make them happy.

Question 4.
What do you know of the great Freedom movement.
Answer:
The great Freedom Movement was under Bapuji’s leadership. There was no room for secrecy or hiding under his rule. They did not do anything in secret and hence they were undaunted in their spirit. They worked in the light and under the sun.

B. Answer the following in about 80-100 words each.

Question 1.
Explain the important elements of Nehru’s letter.
Answer:
Pandit Nehru was imprisoned in Naini jail. As he was not able to send a gift to Indira on her birthday, he sends her a letter. Though presents are appreciated, letters can equally be cherished as gifts. Nehru did not like to sermonize or give advice. We have learnt that it is important to do things without fear. We should recognize right from wrong. While facing problems, we can resolve them by discussing them with near and dear ones.

The value of the contribution of our leaders to fight for freedom and the value of qualities exhibited by these leaders. The two factors that make ordinary men heroes are, (i) full faith in a great cause and (ii) love and respect for the nation. Mahatma Gandhi inspired millions of people to fight for freedom. Nehru wants Indira to develop qualities like respect for her country’s honour, trust, patriotism, etc.

Question 2.
Imagine yourself as Indira and write a reply letter to your father, Nehru for the letter your received on your birthday.
Answer:

Mussoorie,
October 31, 1930.

My dear Papa,

Thank you so much for your wonderful birthday gift – a letter – a true gift though not solid or material. Your heartfelt wishes and your words mean a lot to me. Your mind and spirit guide me from wherever you are. Your letter isn’t an advice or a sermon, the words are powerful enough to trigger the potential within me to fight for our nation. I understand that Bapuji focuses on truth, courage, fearlessness, openness, hard work, peace, straight-forwardness and non-violence. I shall follow your words and grow up into a brave soldier in India’s service.

With all my love and good wishes,

Your loving daughter,
Indira.

Vocabulary:

C. Match the words with correct Synonym and Antonym from the table.

Answer:

D. Identify, whether the following statements are of OPINION or FACT.

Question 1.
On your birthday, you have been in the habit of receiving presents and good wishes. (Opinion / Fact)
Answer:
Fact

Question 2.
I have liked my talks with you. (Opinion / Fact)
Answer:
Opinion

Question 3.
The best way to find what is wrong and right is by discussing. (Opinion / Fact)
Answer:
Fact

Question 4.
A letter can hardly take the place of a talk. (Opinion / Fact)
Answer:
Opinion

Question 5.
For the desire to hide anything means that you are afraid. (Opinion / Fact)
Answer:
Fact

Listening:

E. “listen to the dialogue and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Aadhav and Raghav are ________.
(a) brothers
(b) friends
(c) colleagues
(d) classmates
Answer:
(a) brothers

Question 2.
The brothers are planning to celebrate their ________wedding anniversary.
(a) uncle’s
(b) parents’
(c) grandparents’
(d) sister’s
Answer:
(b) parents

Question 3.
The wedding anniversary is on ________.
(a) March 2nd
(b) April 2nd
(c) May 2nd
(d) June 2nd
Answer:
(b) April 2nd

Question 4.
As part of the celebration, the brothers have planned to make their parents to ________.
(a) visit an orphanage
(b) donate some money
(c) plant a mango sapling
(d) conduct a game
Answer:
(c) plant a mango sapling

Question 5.
State whether the statement is true or false.
The brothers have decided to borrow money for the wedding anniversary celebration.
Answer:
False

Reading:

F. Answer the following questions based on the given reading passage.

Question 1.
What is the name of her diary?
Answer:
Kitty is the name of her diary.

Question 2.
Why did Anne want to exchange the book ‘Camera Obscura’?
Answer:
Anne’s sister Margot already has it. So, Anne wanted to exchange it.

Question 3.
Who baked the homemade cookies?
Answer:
Anne baked the homemade cookies.

Question 4.
What game did Anne choose to play?
Answer:
Anne chose to play the volleyball.

Question 5.
Which gift did Anne value the most?
Answer:
Anne valued the diary the most.

Speaking:

G. Imagine you are going to celebrate your forthcoming birthday at an orphanage/ bid-age home.
Deliver a short speech about your birthday celebration by using the following hints.

• The reasons for choosing an orphanage / old-age home.
• The people who accompany you.
• The food which you are going to offer them.
• The useful gifts / articles which you are going to give them.
• Other events like cake cutting, conducting games etc.

Answer:
Good morning everybody. I am going to speak about my birthday celebration this year. On my birthday, we decided to celebrate it in a different way, a day to remember. So we went to Mother Teresa Ashram in T.Nagar, Chennai.

First my younger sister and I played with the children there. We distributed them ” games materials like bat, ball, chocolates, etc. My parents decorated the hall with balloons and flowers. Then we celebrated the birthday cutting a cake. The mother and other sisters of the orphanage gave me blessings. The children presented me flowers to show their love.

Then, we had our lunch with them. We enjoyed there the whole day. It is our duty to help them. After coming back home, I felt a little sad on the plight of the people there. But I decided to go there and celebrate every year.

Thank you.

Writing:

H. Write a meaningful paragraph using the hints given below.

Mahesh – celebrates – 14th birthday – an old-age home – family, friends – informs home in advance – delegates tasks – friends buy things necessary – arrives home early – decorates place – balloons, colour papers – inmates gathered – cuts cake – sing song, claps – distributes cakes – expresses his feelings – gets blessings – offers things – bedsheets, footwear etc. needed – fun, entertainment – happy and content.
Answer:
Mahesh celebrated his 14th birthday at an old age home with his family and friends. His parents had informed the home in advance to delegate tasks. His friends bought all the necessary things for the inmates of the old age home. His friends arrived the home early, decorated the place with balloons and colour papers. The inmates gathered at the hall and Mahesh cut a cake. Everybody sang the birthday song and clapped happily. Mahesh distributed cakes to all. He expressed his feelings and got their blessings. He offered them things like bed sheets, footwear, etc. There was a lot of fun and entertainment programmes. He was very happy and contented.

Grammar:

A. Choose the Correct Determiner

Question 1.
Could you bring me_______tools I left in the garden? (this, those, these)
Answer:
Those

Question 2.
________Earth revolves around the sun. (the, a, an)
Answer:
The

Question 3.
I found ________one rupee coin in the playground while playing, (a, an, the)
Answer:
a

Question 4.
There aren’t ________students in the library, (much, many, a lot)
Answer:
many

Question 5.
It was ________unforgettable experience, (a, an, the)
Answer:
an

Question 6.
I haven’t got ________pictures in my bedroom, (some, any, many)
Answer:
any

Question 7.
He said that he wanted to become ________engineer, (a, an, the)
Answer:
an

Question 8.
Kokila gave a pen to ________ child in the classroom on her birthday, (any, all, each)
Answer:
each

Question 9.
I’ve got to solve math problems before I go to sleep, (all, some, any)
Answer:
some

Question 10.
India is largest democracy in the world, (a, an, the)
Answer:
the

Question 11.
My father doesn’t drink coffee, (much, many, a lot)
Answer:
much

Question 12.
I always keep ________ money in my wallet for emergencies, (any, every, some)
Answer:
some

Question 13.
This year we are celebrating my sister’s ________birthday, (a, two, second)
Answer:
second

Question 14.
I have ________ pencils with me. (a, three, third)
Answer:
three

Question 15.
‘What is that noise?’ I think it is ________ airplane, (a, an, the)
Answer:
an

B. Observe the following call-outs. Reporter (C) has reported the sentences of Speaker (A). Now, help Reporter (C) report the rest of the sentences of Speaker (A).

Answers:

1. He said that he won’t go to the party.
2. She asked when did you come?
3. She warned you not to touch the wire.
4. I’ll bring some coffee.
5. He said that he would bring some coffee for you.
6. Please sit down.
7. He requested you to sit down

C. Report the following sentences.

Question 1.
Banu said, “Do not spoil the eco-system.”
Answer:
Banu advised not to spoil the ecosystem.

Question 2.
Pranav said, “Have you booked the tickets to Delhi?”
Answer:
Pranav asked whether I had booked the tickets to Delhi.

Question 3.
Rekha said to Tilak, “When are we leaving to our native?”
Answer:
Rekha asked Tilak when they were leaving to their native.

Question 4.
Sujith said, “Ryan, you should get up early in the morning.”
Answer:
Sujith advised Ryan that he should get up early in the morning.

Question 5.
Vivaan said to his mother, “Can you, please, buy me a hot-chocolate?”
Answer:
Vivaan requested his mother to buy him a hot-chocolate.

Question 6.
“Tomorrow I have to take a test in English”, said Sudan
Answer:
Sudar said that he had to take a test in English the next day.

Question 7.
Pragathi said to her sister, “I need your help to arrange the books in the shelf.”
Answer:
Pragathi asked her sister’s help to arrange the books in the shelf.

Question 8.
“Why don’t you use crayons for colouring?” said Dhilip to his son.
Answer:
Dhilip suggested his son to use crayons for colouring.

D. Write a Diary entry each day for a month and compile them into a book. You may also name your diary as Anne Frank did.

1st February, 2018

Dear Kibu,
Being the first day of the month, I went to the temple before going to school. I asked God to be with me, guide and lead me this month.
I cannot forget the morning assembly. It was about Mother Theresa. The theme was Help the Needy. Time is fleeting. I must focus in my studies and get good marks. I must aim to be a doctor and help the needy.

2nd February, 2018

Dear Kibu,
Today I had the opportunity to go by the metro with my mom. The station was spic and span. There weren’t many commuters. Most of them were decent and disciplined. I could not find anyone littering the area. There was orderliness while buying the tickets. The announcements were meticulous. The doors opened and shut automatically. We realized that the mobile phones weren’t working inside the station. What amazed me was the time taken to travel even long distances! I doubt anyone would commute to far off places by buses when metros take us at short time.

3rd February, 2018

Dear Kibu,
My exam, starts tomorrow and I’m slightly scared. Tomorrow is my first exam. French isn’t tough for me. However, I’m so anxious these dayscause I want to get the first mark. Until my Math exam is over, I won’t be able to breathe properly. I have always had a very sound sleep and now I’m sleepless! I am sure I can overcome the stress and do pretty well with systematic studies, meticulous revision and God’s help.

A Birthday Letter by Jawaharlal Nehru About the Author:

Jawaharlal Nehru (14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first Prime Minister. He emerged as an eminent leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi. He served India as Prime Minister from 1947 until his death in 1964. He is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state: a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. His birthday is celebrated as Children’s Day.

He was a prolific writer in English and wrote a number of books, such as The Discovery of India, Glimpses of World History, and his autobiography, Toward Freedom. In 1955, Nehru was awarded Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour by the President Rajendra Prasad.

A Birthday Letter Summary:

The letters written by Nehru from the various prisons in British India to his daughter Indira, were published in 1942 as a book called “Glimpses of World History”. It is a collection of 196 letters on World History. This extract is about a letter written by Jawaharlal Nehru to his daughter Indira, when he was in the Central Prison at Naini. As he was not able to send a gift to Indira on her birthday, he writes to her. Though presents are appreciated, letters can equally be cherished as gifts. Nehru disliked giving sermons or advices because he believed that only by talking and discussing, sometimes a little bit of truth comes out.

The two factors that make ordinary men heroes are full faith in a great cause and love and respect for the nation. Mahatma Gandhi inspired millions of people to fight for freedom. He has helped to make the starving, the poor and the oppressed free and happy. If we are to be India’s soldiers, we have to respect India’s honour which is a sacred trust. He advises Indira not to do anything in secret or wish to hide anything. She should always stand bold and be brave always. Only then, she will grow up to be a child of the light, unafraid, calm and peaceful. He concludes finally by wishing her to grow up into a brave soldier in India’s service.

A Birthday Letter Glossary: