Category: Class 10

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Geometry Ex 4.1

10th Maths Geometry Exercise 4.1 Solutions Question 1.
Check whether the which triangles are similar and find the value of x.

Solution:

x = \(\frac{15}{6}\) = 2.5

10th Maths Exercise 4.1 Question 2.
A girl looks the reflection of the top of the lamp post on the mirror which is 6.6 m away from the foot of the lamppost. The girl whose height is 1.25 m is standing 2.5 m away from the mirror. Assuming the mirror is placed on the ground facing the sky and the girl, mirror and the lamppost are in a same line, find the height of the lamp post?
Solution:
In the picture ∆MLN, ∆MGRare similar triangles.

∴ Height of the lamp post is 3.3 m.

10th Maths Exercise 4.1 Samacheer Kalvi Question 3.
A vertical stick of length 6 m casts a shadow 400 cm long on the ground and at the same time a tower casts a shadow 28 m long. Using similarity, find the height of the tower.
Solution:
In the picture ∆ABC, ∆DEC are similar triangles.

Height of a tower = 42 m

Ex 4.1 Class 10 Samacheer Question 4.
Two triangles QPR and QSR, right angled at P and S respectively are drawn on the same base QR and on the same side of QR. If PR and SQ intersect at T, prove that PT × TR = ST × TQ.
Solution:
In ∆RPQ,
RP² + PQ² = QR²
∴ PQ² = QR² – RP² ………… (1)
In ∆TPQ,
TP² + PQ² = QT²
∴ PQ2² = QT² – TP² ………….. (2)
Equating (1) and (2) we get,
QR² – RP² = QT² – TP²
RP = RT + TP
∴ QR² – (RT + TP)² = QT² – TP²
∴ QR² – RT² – TP² – 2RT.TP = QT² – TP²
QR² = QT² + RT² + 2RT.TP …………. (5)

In ∆QSR,
QS² + SR² = QR²
SR² = QR² – SR² ………..(3)
In ∆TSR,
ST² + SR² = TR²
∴ SR² = TR² – TS² ………… (4)
Equating (3) and (4) we get
QR² – SQ² = TR² – TS²
SQ = QT + TS
∴ QR² – (2T + TS)² = TR² – TS²
QR² – 2T² – TS² – 2QT.TS = TR² – TS²
∴ 2R² = TR² + QT² + 2QT.TS ………… (6)
Now equating (5) – (6), we get
QT² +RT² + 2RT. TP = QT² + RT² + 2QT.TS
∴ PT.TR = ST.TQ
Hence proved.

Exercise 4.1 Class 10 Samacheer Kalvi Question 5.
In the adjacent figure, ∆ABC is right angled at C and DE⊥AB. Prove that ∆ABC ~ ∆ADE and hence find the lengths of AE and DE?

Solution:
In ∆ABC & ∆ADE
∠A is common & ∠C = ∠E = 90°
∴ by similarity
∆ABC ~ ∆ADE


Substituting the values of DE and AE in (1)
we can prove that

10th Geometry Exercise 4.1 Question 6.
In the adjacent figure, ∆ACB ~ ∆APQ . If BC = 8 cm, PQ = 4 cm, BA = 6.5 cm and AP = 2.8 cm, find CA and AQ.

Solution:
∆ACB ~ ∆APQ

10th Maths Geometry Exercise 4.1 Question 7.
In figure OPRQ is a square and MLN = 90°. Prove that
(i) ∆LOP ~ ∆QMO
(ii) ∆LOP ~ ∆RPN
(iii) ∆QMO ~ ∆RPN
(iv) QR² = MQ × RN.

Solution:
(i) In ∆LOP & ∆QMO, we have
∠OLP = ∠MQO (each equal to 90°)
and ∠LOP = ∠OMQ (corresponding angles)
∆LOP ~ ∆QMO (by AA criterion of similarity)

(ii) In ∆LOP & ∆PRN, we have
∠PLO = ∠NRP (each equal to 90°)
∠LPO = ∠PNR (corresponding angles)
∆LOP ~ ∆RPN

(iii) In ∆QMO & ∆RPN .
Since ∆LOP ~ ∆QMO and ∆LOP ~ ∆RPN
∠QMO ~ ∆RPN

(iv) We have
∆QMO ~ ∆RPN (using (iii))
\(\frac{\mathrm{MQ}}{\mathrm{RP}}=\frac{\mathrm{QO}}{\mathrm{RN}}\) (∵ PROQ is a square)
QR² = MQ × RN. [RP = QO, QO = QR]

10th Maths Geometry Question 8.
If ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF such that area of ∆ABC is 9 cm² and the area of ∆DEF is 16 cm² and BC = 2.1 cm. Find the length of EF.
Solution:
Since the area of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares of any two corresponding sides.

10th Maths Exercise 4.1 10th Sum Question 9.
Two vertical poles of heights 6 m and 3 m are erected above a horizontal ground AC. Find the value of y.

Solution:
∆PAC, ∆QBC are similar 6 triangles

⇒ AC = AB + BC
= 2BC + BC
AC = 3BC
Substituting AC = 3BC in (1), we get
(AC)y = 6BC
3(BC)y = 6(BC)
y = \(\frac{6}{3}\) = 2m

10th Maths Exercise 4.1 In Tamil Question 10.
Construct a triangle similar to a given triangle PQR with its sides equal to \(\frac{2}{3}\) of the corresponding sides of the triangle PQR (scale factor \(\frac{2}{3}\)).
Solution:
Given a triangle PQR, we are required to construct another triangle whose sides are \(\frac{3}{5}\) of the corresponding sides of the triangle PQR.

Steps of construction:
(1) Draw any ray QX making an acute angle with QR on the side opposite to the vertex P.
(2) Locate 3 (the greater of 2 and 3 in \(\frac{2}{3}\) ) points. Q₁ Q₂, Q₂ on QX so that QQ₁ = Q₁Q₂ = Q₂Q₃
(3) Join Q₃R and draw a line through Q₂ (the second point, 2 being smaller of 2 and 3 in \(\frac{2}{3}\)) parallel to Q₃R to intersect QR at R’.
(4) Draw line through R’ parallel to the line RP to intersect QP at P’.
The ΔP’QR’ is the required triangle each of the whose sides is \(\frac{2}{3}\) of the corresponding sides of 3 ΔPQR.

10th Maths 4.1 Question 11.
Construct a triangle similar to a given triangle LMN with its sides equal to \(\frac{4}{5}\) of the corresponding sides of the triangle LMN
(scale factor \(\frac{4}{5}\)).
Solution:
Given a triangle LMN, we are required to construct another triangle whose sides are \(\frac{4}{5}\) of the corresponding sides of the ΔLMN.

Steps of construction:
(1) Draw any ray making an acute angle to the vertex L.
(2) Locate 5 points (greater of 4 and 5 in \(\frac{4}{5}\) ) M₁, M₂, M₃, M₄, and M₅ and MX so that MM₁ = M₁M₂ = M₂M₃ = M₃M₄ = M₄M₅
(3) Join M₅N and draw a line parallel to M₅N through M₄ (the fourth point, 4 being the smaller of 4 and 5 in \(\frac{4}{5}\)) to intersect MN atN’.
(4) Draw a line through N¹ parallel to the line NL to intersect ML and L’. Then ΔL’MN’ is the required triangle each of the whose sides is \(\frac{4}{5}\) of the corresponding sides of ΔLMN.

10th Maths Geometry Exercise 4.1 10th Sum Question 12.
Construct a triangle similar to a given triangle ABC with its sides equal to \(\frac{6}{5}\) of the corresponding sides of the triangle ABC
(scale factor \(\frac{6}{4}\) ).
Solution:
ΔABC is the given triangle. We are required to construct another triangle whose sides are \(\frac{6}{5}\) of the corresponding sides of the given triangle ABC
Steps of construction:

(1) Draw any ray BX making an acute angle with BC on the opposite side to the vertex A.
(2) Locate 6 points (the greater of 6 and 5 in \(\frac{6}{5}\) ) B₁, B₂, B₃, B₄, B₅, B₆ so that BB₁ = B₁B₂ = B₂B₃ = B₄B₅ = B₅B₆.
(3) Join B₅ (the fifth point, 5 being smaller of 5 and 6 in \(\frac{6}{5}\)) to C and draw a live through B₆ parallel to B₅C intersecting the extended line segment BC at C¹.
(4) Draw a line through C’ parallel to CA intersecting the extended line segment BA at A’.
Then ΔA’BC’ is the required triangle each of whose sides is \(\frac{6}{5}\) of the corresponding sides of the given triangle ABC.

10th Maths 4.1 Exercise Question 13.
Construct a triangle similar to a given triangle PQR with its sides equal to \(\frac{7}{3}\) of the corresponding sides of the triangle PQR (scale factor \(\frac{7}{3}\)).
Solution:
Given a triangle ΔPQR. We have to construct another triangle whose sides are \(\frac{7}{3}\) of the corresponding sides of the given ΔPQR.

Steps of construction:
(1) Draw any ray QX making an acute angle with QR on the opposite side to the vertex P.
(2) Locate 7 points (the greater of 7 and 3 in \(\frac{7}{3}\)) Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, Q₆, and Q₇ so that QQ₂ = Q₁Q₂ = Q₂Q₃ = Q₃Q₄ = Q₄Q₅ = Q₅Q₆
= Q₆Q₇
(3) Join Q₃ to R and draw a line segment through Q₇ parallel to Q₃R intersecting the extended line segment QR at R’.
(4) Draw a line segment through R’ parallel to PR intersecting the extended line segment QP at P’.
Then ΔP’QR’ is the required triangle each of whose sides is \(\frac{7}{3}\) of the corresponding sides of the given triangle.

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Solutions Chapter 2 Numbers and Sequences Ex 2.5

10th Maths Exercise 2.5 Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
Check whether the following sequences are in A.P.
(i) a – 3, a – 5, a – 7, ………
(ii) \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \),\(\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \),\(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \),\(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \), ………..
(iii) 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, ………
(iv) \(\frac { -1 }{ 3 } \),0,\(\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \),\(\frac { 2 }{ 3 } \),………..
(v) 1,-1, 1,-1, 1,-1,…
Solution:
To prove it is an A.P, we have to show d = t₂ – t₁ = t₃ – t₂.
(i) a – 3, a – 5, a – 7………
t₁,t₂,t₃
d = t₂ – t₁ = a – 5 – (a – 3) = a – 5 – a + 3 = -2
∴ d = -2    ∴ It is an A.P.
d = t₃ – t₂ = a – 7 – (a – 5) = a – 7 – a + 5 = -2

(ii) \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \),\(\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \),\(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \),\(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \), ………..

(v) 1,-1, 1,-1, 1,-1,…
d = t₂ – t₁ = -1 -1 = -2
d = t₃ – t₂ = 1 – (-1) = 2
-2 ≠ 2 ∴ It is not an A.P.

Ex 2.5 Class 10 Samacheer Question 2.
First term a and common difference d are given below. Find the corresponding A.P.
(i) a = 5, d = 6
(ii) a = 7, d = 5
(iii) a = \(\frac { 3 }{ 4 } \), d = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)
Solution:
(i) a = 5, d = 6
A.P a, a + d, a + 2d, ………
= 5, 5 + 6, 5 + 2 × 6, ………
= 5, 11, 17,…
(ii) a = 7,d = -5
A.P. = a,a + d,a + 2d,…
= 7,7 + (-5), 7 + 2(-5), ……….
= 7, 2, -3, …….,…
(iii) a = \(\frac { 3 }{ 4 } \), d = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)

Exercise 2.5 Class 10 Maths Solution Question 3.
Find the first term and common difference of the Arithmetic Progressions whose nthterms are given below

(i) t_n = -3 + 2n
Answer:
t_n = -3 + 2 n
t₁ = -3 + 2(1) = -3 + 2
= -1
t₂ = -3 + 2(2) = -3 + 4
= 1
First term (a) = -1 and
Common difference
(d) = 1 – (-1) = 1 + 1 = 2

(ii) t_n = 4 – 7n
Answer:
t_n = 4 – 7n
t₁ = 4 – 7(1)
= 4 – 7 = -3
t₂ = 4 – 7(2)
= 4 – 14 = -10
First term (a) = – 3 and
Common difference (d) = 10 – (-3)
= – 10 + 3
= – 7

10th Maths Exercise 2.5 Question 4.
Find the 19th term of an A.P. -11, -15, -19, ………..
Solution:
A.P = -11, -15, -19, ……..
a = -11
d = t₂ – t₁ =-15-(-11)
= -15 + 11
= -4
n = 19
∴ t_n = a + (n – 1)d
t₁₉ = -11 + (19 – 1)(-4)
= -11 + 18 × -4
= -11 – 72
= -83

Class 10 Maths Exercise 2.5 Solution Question 5.
Which term of an A.P. 16, 11, 6, 1,… is -54?
Answer:
First term (a) = 16
Common difference (d) = 11 – 16 = -5
t_n = – 54
a + (n – 1) d = -54
16 + (n – 1) (-5) = -54
54 + 21 = -54
54 + 21 = 5n
75 = 5n
n = \(\frac { 75 }{ 5 } \) = 15
The 15^th term is – 54

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Exercise 2.5 Question 6.
Find the middle term(s) of an A.P. 9, 15, 21, 27, ……. ,183.
Solution:
A.P = 9, 15, 21, 27,…, 183
No. of terms in an A.P. is
n = \(\frac { l-a }{ d } \) + 1
a = 9, l = 183, d = 15 – 9 = 6
∴ n = \(\frac { 183-9 }{ 6 } \) + 1
= \(\frac { 174 }{ 6 } \) + 1
= 29 + 1 = 30
∴ No. of terms = 30. The middle must be 15th term and 16th term.
∴ t₁₅ = a + (n – 1)d
= 9 + 14 × 6
=9 + 84
= 93
t₁₆ = a + 15 d
= 9 + 15 × 6
= 9 + 90 = 99
∴ The middle terms are 93, 99.

10th Maths Exercise 2.5 In Tamil Question 7.
If nine times the ninth term is equal to the fifteen times fifteenth term, Show that six times twenty fourth term is zero.
Answer:
t_n = a + (n – 1)d
9 times 9^th term = 15 times 15^th term
9t₉ = 15 t₁₅
9[a + 8d] = 15[a + 14d]
9a + 72d = 15a + 210d
9a – 15a + 72 d – 210 d = 0
-6a – 138 d = 0
6a + 138 d = 0
6 [a + 23 d] = 0
6 [a + (24 – 1)d] = 0
6 t₂₄ = 0
∴ Six times 24th terms is 0.

Ex 2.5 Class 10 Question 8.
If 3 + k, 18 – k, 5k + 1 are in A.P. then find k.
Solution:
3 + k, 18 – k, 5k + 1 are in A.P
⇒ 2b = a + c if a, b, c are in A.P

10th Maths 2.5 Exercise Question 9.
Find x,y and z gave that the numbers x,
10, y, 24, z are in A.P.
Answer:
x, 10, y, 24, z are in A.P
t₂ – t₁ = 10 – x
d = 10 – x …..(1)
t₃ – t₂ = y – 10
d = y – 10 ……(2)
t₄ – t₃ = 24 – y
d = 24 – y …..(3)
t₅ – t₄ = z – 24
d = z – 24 …..(4)
From (2) and (3) we get
y – 10 = 24 – y
2y = 24 + 10
2y = 34
y = 17
From (1) and (2) we get
10 – x = y – 10
– x – y = -10 -10
-x -y = -20
x + y = 20
x + 17 = 20(y = 17)
x = 20 – 17 = 3
From (1) and (4) we get
z – 24 = 10 – x
z – 24 = 10 – 3 (x = 3)
z – 24 = 7
z = 7 + 24
z = 31
The value of x = 3, y = 17 and z = 31

10th Maths 2.5 Question 10.
In a theatre, there are 20 seats in the front row and 30 rows were allotted. Each successive row contains two additional seats than its front row. How many seats are there in the last row?
Solution:
t₁ = a = 20
t₂ = a + 2 = 22
t₃ = a + 2 + 2 = 24 ⇒ d = 2
∴ There are 30 rows.
t₃₀ = a + 29d
= 20 + 29 × 2
= 20 + 58
= 78
∴ There will be 78 seats in the last row.

Exercise 2.5 Class 10 Question 11.
The Sum of three consecutive terms that are in A.P. is 27 and their product is 288. Find the three terms.
Answer:
Let the three consecutive terms be a – d, a and a + d
By the given first condition
a – d + a + a + d = 27
3a = 27
a = \(\frac { 27 }{ 3 } \) = 9
Again by the second condition
(a – d) (a) (a + d) = 288
a (a² – d²) = 288
9(81 – d²) = 288 (a = 9)
81 – d² = \(\frac { 288 }{ 9 } \)
81 – d² = 32
∴ d² = 81 – 32
= 49
d = \(\sqrt { 49 }\) = ± 7
When a = 9, d = 7
a + d = 9 + 7 = 16
a = 9
a – d = 9 – 7 = 2
When a = 9, d = -7
a + d = 9 – 7 = 2
a = 9
a – d = 9 – (-7) = 9 + 7 = 16
The three terms are 2, 9, 16 (or) 16, 9, 2

Maths Exercise 2.5 Class 10 Question 12.
The ratio of 6th and 8^th term of an A.P is 7:9. Find the ratio of 9^th term to 13^th term.
Solution:
\(\frac{t_{6}}{t_{8}}=\frac{7}{9}\)
\(\frac { a+5d }{ a+7d } \) = \(\frac { 7 }{ 9 } \)
9a + 45d = 7a + 49d
9 a + 45 – 7d = 7a + 49 d
9a + 45d – 7a – 49d = 0
2a – 4d = 0 ⇒ 2a = 4d
a = 2d
Substitue a = 2d in

Exercise 2.5 Class 10 Maths Samacheer Question 13.
In a winter season let us take the temperature of Ooty from Monday to Friday to be in A.P. The sum of temperatures from Monday to Wednesday is 0° C and the sum of the temperatures from Wednesday to Friday is 18° C. Find the temperature on each of the five days.
Solution:
Let the five days temperature be (a – d), a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d.
The three days sum = a – d + a + a + d = 0
⇒ 3a = 0 ⇒ a = 0. (given)
a + d + a + 2d + a + 3d = 18
3a + 6d = 18
3(0) + 6 d = 18
6d = 18
d = \(\frac { 18 }{ 6 } \) = 3
∴ The temperature of each five days is a – d, a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d
0 – 3, 0, 0 + 3, 0 + 2(3), 0 + 3(3) = -3°C, 0°C, 3°C, 6°C, 9°C

2.5 Exercise Class 10 Question 14.
Priya earned ₹ 15,000 in the first month. Thereafter her salary increased by ₹1500 per year. Her expenses are ₹13,000 during the first year and the expenses increases by ₹900 per year. How long will it take for her to save ₹20,000 per month.
Solution:

We find that the yearly savings is in A.P with a₁ = 2000 and d = 600.
We are required to find how many years are required to save 20,000 a year …………..
a_n = 20,000
a_n = a + (n – 1)d
20000 = 2000 + (n – 1)600
(n – 1)600 = 18000
n – 1 = \(\frac { 18000 }{ 600 } \) = 30
n = 31 years

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.16

10th Maths Exercise 3.16 Solution Question 1.
In the matrix A = \(\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{8} & {9} & {4} & {3} \\ {-1} & {\sqrt{7}} & {\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}} & {5} \\ {1} & {4} & {3} & {0} \\ {6} & {8} & {-11} & {1}\end{array}\right]\)
(i) The number of elements
(ii) The order of the matrix
(iii) Write the elements a₂₂, a₂₃, a₂₄, a₃₄, a₄₃, a₄₄
Solution:
(i) 16
(ii) 4 × 4
(iii) \(\sqrt{7}, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\), 5, 0, -11, 1

10th Maths Exercise 3.16 Solutions Question 2.
If a matrix has 18 elements, what are the possible orders it can have? What if it has 6 elements?
Solution:
1 × 18, 2 × 9, 3 × 6, 6 × 3, 9 × 2, 18 × 1 and 1 × 6, 2 × 3, 3 × 2, 6 × 1

10th Maths Exercise 3.16 Answers Question 3.
Construct a 3 × 3 matrix whose elements are given by then find the transpose of A.
(i) a_ij = |i – 2j|
(ii) a_ij = \(\frac{(i+j)^{3}}{3}\)
Solution:
(i) a_ij = |i – 2j|
a₁₁ = |1 – 2 × 1| = |1 – 2| = |-1| = 1
a₁₂ = |1 – 2 × 2| = |1 – 4| = |-3| = 3
a₁₃ = |1 – 2 × 3| = |1 – 6| = |-5| = 5
a₂₁ = |2 – 2 × 1| = |2 – 2| = 0
a₂₂ = |2 – 2 × 2| = |2 – 4| = |-2| = 2
a₂₃ = |2 – 2 × 3| = |2 – 6| = |-4| = 4
a₃₁ = |3 – 2 × 1| = |3 – 2| = |1| = 1
a₃₂ = |3 – 2 × 2| = |3 – 4| = |-1| = 1
a₃₃ = |3 – 2 × 3| = |3 – 6| = |-3| = 3
∴ \(\left[\begin{array}{lll}{1} & {3} & {5} \\ {0} & {2} & {4} \\ {1} & {1} & {3}\end{array}\right]\) is the required 3 × 3 matrix

Ex 3.16 Class 10 Samacheer Question 4.

Solution:

10th Maths Exercise 3.16 Question 5.

Solution:

10th Maths 3.16 Question 6.

Solution:

Exercise 3.16 Class 10 Question 7.
Find the values of x,y and z from the following equations

Solution:

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In the Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Guide for Chapter 2 Zigzag textbook solutions, subject experts covered all types of questions and answers related to the topics, quick notes, summary, solved & unsolved exercises, etc. If you are planning to prepare Chapter 2 Zigzag via textbook, then you’re suggested to go with this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers PDF for better understanding and preparation.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 2 Zigzag

English Subject experts who are having max years of experience prepared this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 10th English Supplementary Chapter 2 Zigzag Questions and Answers. They have explained all the topics covered in the board prescribed latest syllabus in a simple way to understand easily. So, students can prepare Chapter 2 English from this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Questions and Answers PDF. Download the Tamilnadu State Board 10th English Chapter 2 Zigzag Workbook Solutions PDF by accessing the below links and learn properly for the final exams to score well.

Zigzag Textual Questions

A. Identify the speaker/character.

1. ‘Even though I clearly said no!’
Answer:
Dr. Krishnan

2. ‘The one that spits deadly poison straight into its opponent’s eyes’
Answer:
Maya

3. ‘Remember the. tiny penknife the gave me last year’.
Answer:
Maya

4. ‘It’s Somu’s thoughtless ways that reduce me to tears’.
Answer:
Mrs. Krishnan

5. ‘Gome in, Zigzag, come in dear!’
Answer:
Visu, the old cook

Additional Questions

Zigzag Supplementary Summary Question 1.
‘Find Visu! I will not keep Zigzag here another minute!’
Answer:
Dr. Ashok T Krishnan

10th Zigzag Supplementary Paragraph Question 2.
‘Don’t you dare sleep!’
Answer:
Dr. Krishnan

Zigzag Supplementary Summary In English Question 3.
‘May I take Zigzag to school, Papa?’
Answer:
Arvind

Zigzag Paragraph Question 4.
We’ve been truly blessed!
Answer:
Lakshmi

Zigzag Supplementary Paragraph Question 5.
Just wait till Zigzag settles down in this new home.
Answer:
Visu

Zigzag Summary Question 6.
‘And what about the aboriginal boomerang?
Answer:
Arvind

10th English Zigzag Paragraph Question 7.
Then you can have a great time listening to him.
Answer:
Visu

Zig Zag 10th Supplementary Question 8.
It’s raining papayas and bananas in this room!’
Answer:
Lakshmi

Zigzag 10th Supplementary Question 9.
‘But Zigzag is different. Somu says we are sure to love Zigzag.’
Answer:
Dr. Krishnan

Zigzag Questions And Answers Question 10.
Most of these so called “favourite” possessions that he has given us were absolute nuisances!’
Answer:
Mrs. Krishnan

Zigzag Supplementary Characters Question 11.
‘Remember the rare insect-eating plant he brought back from the rainforest!
Answer:
Mrs. Krishnan

Zig Zag Supplementary Question 12.
I thought it was scientific fact that birds couldn’t snore.’
Answer:
Maya

Zig Zag Summary Question 13.
That wretched plant requires a room heater to keep it alive.
Answer:
Mrs. Krishnan

Zigzag Short Summary Question 14.
‘Ma! Uncle Somu’s given us some really fabulous gifts.’
Answer:
Arvind

B. Read the story again and write how these characters reacted in these situations:

1. You’re both quite mistaken.
Answer:
Dr. Krishnan hastened to explain.
Mrs. Krishnan was horrified on hearing about Zigzag.

2. It’s Somu’s thoughtless ways that reduce me to tears.
Answer:
Mrs. Krishnan spoke irritably.
Dr. Krishnan was hurrying to his clinic.

3. Just wait till zigzag settles down in this new home.
Answer:
Visu comforted everyone.
Arvind and Maya excited to listen to the bird’s talk.

4. Zigzag hardly never sleeps.
Answer:
Somu sent an e-mail to Dr.Krishnan about Zigzag.
Dr.Krishnan predicted it as ridiculously simple.

5. You are an absolute treasure……….
Answer:
Dr.Krishnan sighed and spoke to Zigzag
Zigzag didn’t bother to reply.

C. Complete the given tabular column.

Answers:

1. liking the new nuisance.
2. painting exhibition to be held the next week.
3. dropped one wizened eyelid in another solemn wink as he sank his beak into a plump guava.
4. it rained papayas and bananas.
5. ask him to find out what they should do.
6. predicted the reply to be ridiculously simple.
7. I have never heard Zigzag snore.
8. not accustomed to being kept waiting and was already making his way to the clinic where he perched himself on the nurse’s reception table.
9. realised what an absolute treasure he was!

D. Answer the following question in one or two sentences:

Zigzag Supplementary Theme Question 1.
Why did Dr. Asholds cousin call him?
Answer:
Dr. Ashok Krishnans cousin Somu called him to shelter Zigzag, his pet bird, when he left for Alaska.

Zigzag 10th Supplementary In Tamil Question 2.
Mention at least two expressions which show that Mrs. Krishnan was not willing to have Zigzag at home?
Answer:
The following two expressions show that Mrs. Krishnan was not willing to have Zigzag at home.
(i) “I am going crazy with the sound of Zigzag snoring, plus all these angry telephone calls.”
(ii) “And my beautiful painting…”

Zigzag Lesson In 10th Class Question 3.
What other various pets did Somu have?
Answer:
Somu had a giant green and gold fighting beetle and an African snake.

10th English Unit 2 Supplementary Question 4.
What was Mrs. Krishnan busy with?
Answer:
Mrs. Krishnan was busy with her paintings to be displayed for sale the following week.

10th Zigzag Supplementary Question 5.
What commotion did the boomerang cause in the neighborhood?
Answer:
Boomerang sliced through all the TV aerials in the neighborhood. It caused permanent damage to several cars in the parking lot. It also knocked out their watchman cold with the force thrown by Arvind.

Zigzag Lesson Summary Question 6.
What happened when Somu left Zigzag with the Krishnan’s?
Answer:
Zigzag transferred all the walnuts and the fruits to the Chandelier and on the blades of the ceiling fan. Then it perched on the curtain rod, went off to sleep.

Zigzag Supplementary Story In English Question 7.
How did Zigzag communicate with the Krishnan’s?
Answer:
Zigzag did not communicate with the Krishnan’s although everyone tried several times and in several languages to speak to him, he only slept and snored.

Zigzag Lesson Question 8.
What was the e-mail message sent to Somu by Dr.Krishnan?
Answer:
Krishnan sent an e-mail to Somu, asking for instructions on how to stop Zigzag from snoring.

Moral Of The Story Zigzag Question 9.
What did Aravind confess?
Answer:
Arvind confessed that for the first time in his life, he was actually looking forward to go to school. The school was as calm as a monastery compared to their house.

Question 10.
Why did Mrs. Jhunjhunwalla buy the painting?
Answer:
Mrs. Jhunjhunwalla bought the painting because she liked the new technique of painting.

E. Answer the following questions in about 100 -150 words:

Question 1.
Write in your own words the various commotions caused by Zigzag at Dr. Krishnan’s residence.
Answer:
When Visu, the old cook of Dr. Somu brought Zigzag to Dr. Krishnan’s house, all were surprised to see such a strange and a weird bird. It was a foot and a half tall. It was a multilingual talking- singing bird. It could talk and sing in twenty-one languages.

When it refused to say a word, Arvind brought some juicy fruits and nuts for the bird. It did not eat them, but transferred one ‘ by one to the chandelier and on to the blades of the ceiling fan. Then it perched on a curtain rod, it sank his beak into a plumpy guava and then went off to sleep. Then he began to snore. The snore became louder and very louder.

His snoring pounded their eardrums till their heads ached. When the fan was switched on by their maid, the painting of Mrs. Krishnan got spoilt by streaks of orange pulp spreading on it. His snoring troubled all the neighbours and they were complaining about it.

Question 2.
What was the turn of events when Zigzag was taken to the clinic?
Answer:
When Zigzag was taken into the clinic, he was asked to wait in the car by Dr. Krishnan. He warned him not to sleep and snore. But Zigzag was not accustomed to being kept waiting. So he made his way to the reception and perched himself on the nurse’s reception table.

Krishnan had hardly walked through the swinging half-door that separated his clinic from the waiting room when he heard a voice. The voice was from Zigzag. It was clear and commanding. There was pin-drop silence in the room as everyone waited, open-mouthed, for Zigzag s next sentence. Dr. Krishnan was amazed. Zigzags bored and grumpy expressions were gone. Instead, the bird ‘ looked happy and alert as it went about the job.

It had been trained for this job with the doctors. Thus Dr. Krishnan’s clinic, which was usually a noisy sea of tears and outbursts, was transformed into a calm, orderly place. He efficiently soothed the patients and naughty ones.

Question 3.
Narrate the story Zigzag in your own words.
Answer:
This story is about a multilingual weird bird, named Zigzag. Dr. Krishnan’s clinic usually sounded noisy because of the shouting and crying of children. His friend Dr. Somu requested him to shelter Zigzag, his pet as he was about to leave for Alaska.

When Zigzag was brought to his house, it did not speak to anyone. It could sing and talk in 21 different languages. But it did not speak any word to them. Instead, he transferred the fruits and nuts given to him to a Chandelier and to the blades of the ceiling fan. It perched on a curtain rod and went off to sleep. When the fan was switched on, all the fruits and nuts fell down.

The papaya slice splattered on the painting of Mrs. Krishnan and spoiled it. Mrs. Krishnan was irritated and persuaded Dr. Krishnan to send the bird away to Visu s house. So Dr. Krishnan took the bird to his clinic. There it commanded everyone in an orderly way. He brought peace, calmness and a disciplined atmosphere in the clinic. The painting which had been spoilt by Zigzag was sold out for ₹ 5,000. It was bought because the new technique in painting was liked by the buyer. Thus Mr. Krishnan’s family invited Zigzag to stay with them for another week.

Additional:

Question 1.
Describe the entry of ZigZag and his behaviour thereafter as soon as he entered the residence of Krishnan.
Answer:
Into Krishnan’s residence tottered the strangest, weirdest-looking bird, ZigZag. He was brought in by Somu’s cook, Visu. About a foot and a half tall, its bald head was fringed with a crown of shocking pink feathers while the rest of its plumage was in various shades of the muddiest and sludgiest brown. Its curved beak was sunflower-yellow and its eyes were the qolour of cola held to sunlight.

Visu introduced ZigZag as Ziggy-Zagga-king-of-the-Tonga añd that he talks very beautifully. He even added that he could recite French Poetry! In spite of all the praise showered on him, he stood cool and unmoved, with an expression of almost- human grumpiness in bis cola-coloured eyes.

Arvind, tried his best to make ZigZag speak. He dashed into the kitchen and brought a plate with juicy fruit slices and some nuts. Bored eyes brightened as Zigzag picked up a walnut. It refused to speak., dropped one wrinkled eyelid in a solemn wink and flew clumsily to deposit the nut on the enormous chandelier hanging from the ceiling. Silently and slowly, all the fruit on the plate was transferred to the chandelier and the blades of the ceiling fan. As soon as the cook Visu left, Zigzag, still perched on the curtain rod, went off to sleep.
“Zigzag is Queer and Weird.”

Additional:

A. Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order.

1. a. Their nine-year-old daughter Maya was excited about Zigzag’s arrival.
b. Mrs.Ashok was busy getting ready for the painting exhibition.
c. Zigzag is an unusual bird that speaks in 21 different languages.
d. Due to the commotion Somu mistook Ashok’s commitment to keep zigzag.
e. Dr. Ashok’s clinic usually sounded like an ancient Chinese torture chamber.
Answers:
e, d, b, a, c
e. Dr. Ashok’s clinic usually sounded like an ancient Chinese torture chamber.
d. Due to the commotion Somu mistook Ashok’s commitment to keep zigzag.
b. Mrs. Ashok was busy getting ready for the painting exhibition.
a. Their nine-year-old daughter Maya was excited about Zigzag’s arrival.
c. Zigzag is an unusual bird that speaks in 21 different languages.

2. a. Apparently, Zigzag was bred by a genuine African witch doctor.
b. But most of his possessions were absolute nuisances!
c. Isn’t that Uncle Somu’s prized giant green-and -gold fighting beetle?
d. Somu says the bird is an absolute treasure and a real help.
e. Somu had cured the witch doctor’s son last month.
Answers:
c, a, e, d, b
c. Isn’t that Uncle Somu’s prized giant green-and -gold fighting beetle?
a. Apparently, Zigzag was bred by a genuine African witch doctor,
e. Somu had cured the witch doctor’s son last month.
d. Somu says the bird is an absolute treasure and a real help.
b. But most of his possessions were absolute nuisances!

B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrases given below to form a complete meaningful paragraph.

1. (crying so loudly / for your exhibition next week / who were his patients / to ask whether /more like an)

Dr. Ashok T. Krishnan’s clinic usually sounded (i) ……………….. ancient Chinese torture chamber than a child specialist’s clinic. This was because the tiny children (ii) ……………….. left out a variety of blood-curdling yells and ear-splitting sobs. ‘It’s all because my patients were making so much noise and (iii) ……………. He rang me in the clinic (iv) …………… we could keep zigzag with us when he leaves for Alaska. I know you are busy getting your painting ready (v) ……………… .
Answers:
(i) more like an
(ii) who were his patients
(iii) crying so loudly
(iv) to ask whether
(v) for your exhibition next week

2. (went off to sleep / fell asleep,/ when Zigzag stubbornly refused / Even though they tried / perched comfortably)

Zigzag (i) …………………. on a curtain rod and dropped one wizened eyelid in another solemn wink. Visu comforted the children, noticing how disappointed they looked (ii) ……………….. to say a single word to them, (iii) …………………. speaking to him in English, Hindi, Tamil and French, Zigzag spoke no word. As soon as Visu left, Zigzag, still perched on the curtain rod, (iv) …………… And the moment he (v) ………………….., he began to SNORE!
Answers:
(i) perched comfortably
(ii) when Zigzag stubbornly refused
(iii) Even though they tried
(iv) went off to sleep
(v) fell asleep

C. Choose the correct answer.

1. Somu was leaving for ………………….. .
(a) Alaska
(b) Antarctica
(c) Africa
(d) Amazon
Answer:
(a) Alaska

2. Maya mistook Zigzag to be ………………… .
(a) snake
(b) beetle
(c) cat
(d) insect
Answer:
(b) beetle

3. Zigzag was bred by a genuine African ………………………….. .
(a) Witch doctor
(b) witch
(c) tribe
(d) Witch surgeon
Answer:
(d) Witch surgeon

4. Mrs. Krishnan applied a dab of yellow-ochre paint on Sunset at ………………………… .
(a) Bengal
(b) Kanyakumari
(c) Besant
(d) Marina
Answer:
(d) Marina

5. The rare insect-eating plant came from Amazonian ……………………………. .
(a) Rainforest
(b) Black forest
(c) White forest
(d) Jungle
Answer:
(a) Rainforest

6. That wretched plant required a ………………. to keep it alive in Chennai!
(a) water heater
(b) room heater
(c) air cooler
(d) hair conditioner
Answer:
(b) room heater

7. The aboriginal boomerang was a gift from …………………….. .
(a) Africa
(b) Amazon
(c) Australia
(d) America
Answer:
(c) Australia

8. Zigzag could speak in ……………………. different languages.
(a) twenty-four
(b) twelve
(c) seven
(d) twenty-one
Answer:
(d) twenty-one

9. When Zigzag sings, it moves the listeners to ……………………. .
(a) tears
(b) laughter
(c) sighs
(d) boredom
Answer:
(a) tears

10. Arvind wants to display Zigzag in the ………………………… exhibition.
(a) Tradefair
(b) Children’s
(c) Science
(d) Arts
Answer:
(c) Science

D. Match the following appropriately:

1.
Answer:
2.
Answer:

3.
Answer:

E. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

1. Dr. Ashok T. Krishnan’s clinic usually sounded more like an ancient Chinese torture chamber than a child specialist’s clinic. This was because the tiny children who were his patients left out a variety of blood -curdling yells and ear-splitting sobs. ‘It’s all because my patients were making so much noise and crying so loudly, ‘ he apologized to his wife one evening, ‘that Somu couldn’t hear me properly. He rang me in the clinic to ask whether we could keep zigzag with us when he leaves for Alaska. And now Somu thinks I said “yes”, even though I clearly said “no”! I know you are busy getting your painting ready for your exhibition next week. ’

(a) What was Dr.Ashok T.Krishnan’s specialisation in the medical field?
Answer:
Dr. Ashok T. Krishnan specialised in children’s health and so he was a Paediatrician or a child specialist.

(b) How did Dr. Krishnan’s clinic generally sound?
Answer:
Dr.Krishnan’s clinic generally sounded like an ancient Chinese torture chamber.

(c) Why couldn’t Somu hear the telephonic conversation with Ashok clearly?
Answer:
Somu couldn’t hear Ashok clearly over the telephone because the children in the clinic were making so much noise and crying loudly.

(d) Where was Somu going to?
Answer:
Somu was going on an official trip to Alaska.

(e) What did Ashok say was the reason to deny Somu’s request?
Answer:
Ashok said that he denied Somu’s request since he knew about his wife’s painting exhibition next week.

2. ‘Zigzag! ’ interrupted their nine-year-old daughter Maya.
Isn’t that Uncle Somu’s prized giant green-and -gold fighting beetle. The one that spits deadly poison straight into its opponent’s eye?’
‘No, no,’ corrected her older brother Arvind, eyes shining in pure delight. ‘The beetle is called Spitfire. Zigzag must be Uncle Somu’s pet snake. The African sidewinder! You know, the one that slithers zigzag all over his house!’
‘You’re both quite mistaken,’ their father hastened to explain, seeing his wife’s horrified expression. ‘Zigzag is a most harmless, unusual and lovable bird. Apparently, it was bred by a genuine African witch doctor, who gifted it to Somu when he being a child specialist like me cured the witch doctor’s son while he was touring the deepest jungles of equatorial Africa last month. Somu says the bird is an absolute treasure and a real help. It’s his favourite pet, you know’.

(а) Who is Maya?
Answer:
Maya is Dr. Krishnan’s nine year old daughter.

(b) What did Maya mistake Zigzag to be?
Answer:
Maya mistook Zigzag to be Uncle Somu’s prized giant and gold fighting beetle, Spitfire.

(c) According to Maya’s brother, who was Zigzag? Why?
Answer:
According to Maya’s brother Arvind, Zigzag was Uncle Somu’s pet snake, the African sidewinder that slithers zigzag all over his house.

(d) Why did Ashok hasten to explain to his children the mistaken identity?
Answer:
Ashok observed his wife’s horrified expression and hastened to explain to his children.

(e) Who was Zigzag according to Ashok?
Answer:
Zigzag was a harmless, unusual and lovable bird bred by a genuine African doctor who gifted it to Somu as a gift for treating his son while touring the jungles of equatorial Africa.

F. Study the given mind map and fill in the incomplete details:

Answers:
(i) picked up a walnut.
(ii) all the fruit on the plate was transferred to the chandelier.
[iii) comfortably on a curtain rod.
(iv) great time listening to him.
(v) went off to sleep and began to

Answers:
(i) but he was saved by the telephone bell.
(ii) rang up to demand some peace
(iii) Zigzag slept on unconcerned
(iv) an exhausted Mrs.Krishnan
(v) I am going crazy with the sound of Zigzag snoring

Zigzag by Asha Nehemiah About the Author:

Asha Nehemiah bom in 1958 at Chennai has lived, studied and worked in eight different cities and small towns and is now a resident of Bangalore. She has always been interested in writing. Her love for reading, led her to study Literature in college. If she had not been a writer, she would have been a teacher. Humour, fantasy mystery and adventure are the strong elements in her work. She loves baking, walking, reading and travelling.

Zigzag Summary:

Introduction:
Author Asha Nehemiah unfolds the delicate love a bird can exhibit to the astonishment of the inmates. Interesting facts about plants and animals will draw the attention of students. Let us read the family’s reaction towards the wonder bird Zigzag.

Zigzag finds new home:
Dr. Ashok T Krishnan’s family shelters Somu’s new pet, ZigZag, a queer-looking African bird, who is known for talking and singing in twenty-one different languages brought in by Visu after a telephonic conversation which wasn’t audible due to the variety of blood-curdling yells and ear-splitting sobs. Mr. Krishnan knows about Mrs. Krishnan’s painting exhibition the next week and denies the plea of Somu to shelter the pet.

An Unusual Bird:
Zigzag is the most harmless, unusual and lovable bird bred by a genuine African witch doctor, who gifted it to Somu when he, being a child specialist like Dr. Krishnan cured the witch doctor’s son, while he was touring the deepest jungles of Africa a month ago.

Mistaken conversation:
To Somu, the bird is an absolute treasure and a real help. However, Somu mistakes Krishnan to have agreed to the request. Their son Arvind and daughter Maya are keen in bringing the pet home. They both discuss about the unique gifts given by Uncle Somu such as the insect-eating plant, tiny pen knife with the genuine shark’s tooth blade, the aboriginal boomerang and so on. But this strange guest turns out to be a disappointment for the Krishnan family.

A sleeping bird:
Zigzag does nothing but sleeps and snores all the time at home that even the neighbours complain about the noise in person and over the phone. All attempts to awaken the bird goes in vain. They finally feel a big escape to leave home and stay far away from the sound of snoring. The bird at first before resorting to a steadfast sleep eats the nuts and fruits, keeps them safe in the chandelier and the fan blades.

Maid makes a mess:
The maid Lakshmi shrieks when she switches on the fan in an excited manner thinking she is blessed with papayas and bananas raining inside the room not knowing the bird’s play. Mbs. Krishnan is annoyed at the slice of overripe? papaya whizzing off the fan and splattering all over her unfinished masterpiece – sunset at Marina spreading streaks of gooey orange pulp and shiny black seeds all over it.

Six Frantic Days:
Dr. Krishnan leaves an e-mail message for Somu, asking him for clear instructions on how to stop Zigzag from snoring. Six frantic days of checking their e-mail day and night make them dumbstruck by the reply from Somu on the seventh day that the bird never sleeps nor snores. Mrs. Krishnan wants it to be sent to Visu as her friends and experts will come home and choose her paintings for the exhibition.

Dr. Krishnan takes it to clinic:
Krishnan takes Zigzag in the car and hopes to find Visu so that Zigzag’s snore doesn’t add to the din of the sobs and shrieks produced by the tiny patients waiting for him. However, Ziggy-Zagga, King-of-the- Tonga was not familiar to being kept waiting and was already making his way to the clinic where he perched himself on the nurse’s reception table. Dr. Krishnan warned Zigzag fiercely as he went towards his room.

Zigzag Speaks:
Dr. Krishnan had barely walked through the door that separated his clinic from the waiting room when he heard a strange voice say, ‘You there in the blue T-shirt, don’t jump on the sofa and you in the red dress, don’t swing on the curtain.’ It was Zigzag’s voice, clear and commanding. There was pin-drop silence in the room as everyone waited for Zigzag’s next sentence. Dr. Krishnan was amazed!

Cheerful Zigzag:
Gone was Zigzag’s bored and grumpy expression. Instead, the bird looked happy and alert as it went about the job it had been trained for, first with the African witch doctor and then with Dr.Somu. To top it all, Zigzag never slept nor snored. ZigZag was an absolute treasure and Dr. Krishnan never wanted Visu to take away ZigZag.

Mrs. Krishnan rewarded for the art:
Mrs. Krishnan too calls at the same time sounding very pleased with herself. She said that ‘Mrs. Jhunjhunwula, the art critic did not want to exhibit ‘Sunset at Marina’ since she would buy it for herself, for Rs. 5,000/- for she loved my new technique of painting! She simply adored those streaky orangey bits!

Dr. Krishnan rewards the bird:
Dr. Krishnan gave the bird a toffee from his desk as a compliment, but he just ate the toffee, paper wrapper and all, and then lowered one crinkly eyelid in a knowing wink.

Conclusion:
Zigzag attracts Rnshnan’s family after all the mess and irritating snores. It is interesting to watch the activities of a wild bird that belongs to the deepest jungles of Africa. The lesson has amazing facts about African animals and plants adding to the students delight.

Zigzag Glossary:

Textual:

Additional:

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science History Solutions Chapter 1 Outbreak of World War I and Its Aftermath

Do you feel scoring more marks in the 10th Social Science History Grammar sections and passage sections are so difficult? Then, you have the simplest way to understand the question from each concept & answer it in the examination. This can be only possible by reading the passages and topics involved in the 10th Social Science History Board solutions for Chapter 1 Outbreak of World War I and Its Aftermath Questions and Answers. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Check out the links available here and download 10th Social Science History Chapter 1 textbook solutions for Tamilnadu State Board.

Outbreak of World War I and Its Aftermath Textual Exercise

I. Choose the correct answer.

Outbreak Of World War 1 And Its Aftermath Questions And Answers Question 1.
What were the three major empires shattered by the end of First World War?
(a) Germany, Austria Hungary, and the Ottomans
(b) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia
(c) Spain, Portugal and Italy
(d) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Answer:
(a) Germany, Austria Hungary, and the Ottomans

Outbreak Of World War 1 And Its Aftermath Question 2.
Where did the Ethiopian army defeat the Italian army?
(a) Delville
(b) Orange State
(c) Adowa
(d) Algiers
Answer:
(c) Adowa

10th Social History 1st Lesson Question 3.
Which country emerged as the strongest in East Asia towards the close of nineteenth century?
(a) China
(b) Japan
(c) Korea
(d) Mongolia
Answer:
(b) Japan

10th Social History 1st Lesson Question Answer Question 4.
Who said “imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism”?
(a) Lenin
(b) Marx
(c) Sun Yat-sen
(d) Mao Tsetung
Answer:
(a) Lenin

10th Social Outbreak Of World War 1 And Its Aftermath Question 5.
What is the Battle of Marne remembered for?
(a) air warfare
(b) trench warfare
(c) submarine warfare
(d) ship warfare
Answer:
(b) trench warfare

Outbreak Of World War I And Its Aftermath Question 6.
Which country after World War I took to a policy of isolation?
(a) Britain
(b) France
(c) Germany
(d) USA
Answer:
(d) USA

Outbreak Of World War 1 And Its Aftermath In Tamil Question 7.
To which country did the first Secretary-General of League of Nations belong?
(a) Britain
(b) France
(c) Dutch
(d) USA
Answer:
(a) Britain

10th History Timeline Chart In English Question 8.
Which country was expelled from the League of Nations for attacking Finland?
(a) Germany
(b) Russia
(c) Italy
(d) France
Answer:
(b) Russia

II. Fill in the blanks

1. Japan forced a war on China in the year …….
2. The new state of Albania was created according to the Treaty of ……. signed in May 1913.
3. Japan entered into an alliance with England in the year ……….
4. In the Balkans ……… had mixed population.
5. In the battle of Tannenberg …….. suffered heavy losses.
6. ……… as Prime Minister represented France in Paris Peace Conference.
7. ……… became Prime Minister leading a new coalition of liberals and moderate Socialists before Lenin established the Bolshevik government.
8. Locarno Treaty was signed in the year ……….
Answers:
1. 1894
2. London
3. 1902
4. Macedonia
5. Russia
6. Clemenceau
7. Kerensky
8. 1925

III. Choose the correct statement

10th Social 1st Lesson Question Answer Question 1.
(i) Italy remained a neutral country when the World War broke out.
(ii) Italy was much disappointed over the peace settlement at Versailles.
(iii) The Treaty of Sevres was signed with Italy.
(iv) Italy was denied even small places such as Trieste, Istria and the south Tyrol.
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct
(b) (iii) is correct
(c) (iv) is correct
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
Answer:
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct

Outbreak Of World War 1 And Its Aftermath Pdf Question 2.
(i) The Turkish Empire contained many non-Turkish people in the Balkans
(ii) Turkey fought on the side of the central powers
(iii) Britain attacked Turkey and captured Constantinople
(iv) Turkey’s attempt to attack Suez Canal but were repulsed.
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct
(b) (i) and (iii) are correct
(c) (iv) is correct
(d) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct.
Answer:
(d) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct.

10th Social History Question 3.
Assertion: Germany and the United States were producing cheaper manufactured goods and capturing England’s markets.
Reason: Both the countries produced required raw material for their industries.
(a) Both A and R are correct
(b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
(c) Both A and R are wrong
(d) R is right but it has no relevance to A.
Answer:
(c) Both A and R are wrong

10th Social Science 1st Lesson Question 4.
Assertion: The first European attempts to carve out colonies in Africa resulted in bloody battles.
Reason: There was stiff resistance from the native population.
(a) Both A and R are correct
(b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
(c) Both A and R are wrong
(d) R is right but it has no relevance to A.
Answer:
(b) A is right but R is not the correct reason

IV. Match the following.

Answers
1. (c)
2. (d)
3. (b)
4. (e)
5. (a)

V. Answer briefly.

Outbreak Of World War 1 And Its Aftermath Class 10 Question 1.
How do you assess the importance of the Sino-Japanese War?
Answer:
The Sino-Japanese War proved that Japan was the strongest nation of the East Asia.

Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 Questions And Answers Question 2.
Name the countries in the Triple Entente.
Answer:
The countries of Triple-Entente were Britain, France and Russia.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Question 3.
What were the three militant forms of nationalism in Europe?
Answer:
England’s jingoism, France’s chauvinism and Germany’s Kultur were militant forms of nationalism in Europe.

Question 4.
What do you know of trench warfare?
Answer:
Trenches or ditches dug by troops enabled soldiers to safely stand and protect themselves from enemy fire. During the first world war the battle of Mame (between French and Germans) is a memorable one for trench warfare.

Question 5.
What was the role of Mustafa Kemal Pasha?
Answer:
It was Mustafa Kemal Pasha whose efforts caused Turkey’s rebirth as a nation. Not only did Kemal Pasha win freedom for the country but he modernised it and changed it out of all recognition. He put an end to the Sultanate and the Caliphate.

Question 6.
Highlight the global influence of Russian Revolution?
Answer:
In many countries, communist government were formed. Debates over issues like land reforms, social welfare, workers rights and gender equality started taking place in the global context.

Question 7.
List out any two causes for the failure of the League of Nations.
Answer:
Here are the two causes for the failure of the League of Nations:
a. The League appeared to be an organisation of those who were victorious in the First World War. Though it had a world-wide membership. It became very much the centre of European diplomacy.
b. The unanimity of members was required for all its decisions on political issues. Since it lacked the military power of its own, it could not enforce its decisions

VI. Answer all the questions given under each caption.

Question 1.
Imperialism

(а) What do you know of monopoly capitalism?
Answer:
Monopoly capitalism is a capitalist system typified by tread monopolies in the hands of a few people. After 1870, the capitalism of free competition (based on the principle of free trade without any control or regulation by the state) became the capitalism of monopolies.

(b) How did Japan emerge as an imperial power?
Answer:
Japan took to Western education and machinery with a modem army and navy had emerged as an advanced industrialised power. It also followed the imperialistic aggression policy of the European powers faithfully. It surprised the world by giving a crashing defeat to China in the Sino-Japanese War during the period of 1894-95. Japan also defeated Russia in Russo-Japanese War in 1904 and got back Port Arthur from it. In this way it emerged as an imperial power.

(c) Why did the industrial countries need colonies in the nineteenth century?
Answer:
An ever-growing demand for markets and raw materials made the industrial countries hungry for colonies in the nineteenth century.

(d) What were the contrasts capitalism produced?
Answer:
Capitalism produced huge contrasts. Those contrasts were: extreme poverty and extreme wealth, slum and skyscraper, empire-state and dependent exploited colony.

Question 2.
German Emperor
(a) What was the nature of Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany?
(b) What was the violent form of Germany called?
(c) Why did Kaiser Wilhelm intervene in the Morocco affair?
(d) What happened to Germany’s colonies in Africa?
Answer:
(a) He was ruthlessly assertive and aggressive. He proclaimed that Germany would be the leader of the world.
(b) The violent form of Germany is called Kultur.
(c) The British agreement with France to occupy Morocco was not consented by Germany.
(d) The colonies of Germany in Africa were attacked by the allies and therefore had to surrender to them.

Question 3.
Balkan Wars

(а) Why was Balkan League formed?
Answer:
Balkan League was formed to attack and defeat Turkish forces in the first Balkan War in 1912-13.

(b) What was the outcome of the first Balkan War?
Answer:
The new state of Albania was created and the other Balkan states divided up Macedonia , between them. Turkey was reduced the area around Constantinople.

(c) Who were defeated in this war?
Answer:
The Turkish forces were defeated in the first Balkan War.

(d) What was the name of the Treaty signed at the end of this second Balkan War?
Answer:
The name of the Treaty signed at the end of the second Balkan War was the Treaty of Bucharest

VII. Answer the following in detail.

Question 1.
Discuss the main causes of the First World War.
Answer:

1. European great powers were divided into two armed camps.
2. One camp consisted of central powers namely Germany, Austria-Hungary Bulgaria and Turkey which was called Triple Alliance formed in 1882.
3. Another camp consisted of Ally powers namely Britain, France, and . Russia which was called Entente cordiale formed in 1904.
4. The aggressive nature of German Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II who proclaimed that Germany would be the leader of the world.
5. The emergence of militant forms of nationalism like England’s Jingoism, France’s Chauvinism and Germany’s Kulthur contributed to the outbreak of the war.
6. Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany wanted declare Morocco an International ‘ colony instead of France occupying it with the support of Britain. Thus France was hostile under German.
7. Balkan countries like Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro was succeeding each other in occupying Balkan regions from Turks. So, to control them Balkan League was formed.
8. The Balkan League defeated the Turks in the first Balkan war in 1912.
9. When dispute arose in sharing the spoils of the war with Bulgaria, the second Balkan war broke out in 1913 against it and Bulgaria was defeated. Turks and Bulgaria approached Germany for help.
10. Austrian crown prince Ferdinand was killed by Princip a Serbian lad of Bosnia.
11. Austria could get support from Germany while Serbia from Russia.
12. Germany therefore declared war on Russia on 1 August 1914.
13. The Franco – Russian Alliance forced Germany to wage war against France when Britain also Supported them.
14. Thus, the first world war broke out between central powers and Allies in 1914.

Question 2.
Highlight the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles relating to Germany.
Answer:

1. Germany was found guilty of starting the War and therefore was to pay reparations for the losses suffered. The Reparation Commission set up for deciding the compensation decided on 6,600 million pounds to be paid in installments. All Central Powers were directed to pay war indemnity.
2. The German army was to be limited to 100,000 men. A small navy was allowed, but there were to be no submarines and no air force.
3. The union of Austria and Germany was forbidden and Germany was to acknowledge and respect the Independence of Austria.
4. Germany was forced to give up all the rights and titles over her overseas possessions to the allies. All German colonies became mandated territories under the League of Nations.
5. Germany was forced to revoke the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (with Russia) and Bucharest (Bulgaria).

Question 3.
Explain the course of the Russian Revolution under the leadership of Lenin.
Answer:

1. Lenin gained the support of a small majority known as Bolsheviks which became the Bolshevik party. His opponents were called as Mensheviks.
2. In October, Lenin persuaded the Bolshevik central committee to decide on immediate revolution.
3. The revolutionary troops and armed factory workers seized the government buildings including the winter palace, the Prime Minister’s headquarters on 7th November 1917.
4. The next day, 8th November, the new communist government was formed headed by Lenin.
5. He renamed, the Bolshevik party into Russian communist party.
6. The Russian communist party developed agriculture and Industry, and eliminated Illiteracy and poverty within a record time.
7. Women were given equal rights and right to vote.
8. Land was distributed to poor peasants.
9. Lenin appealed for peace and opted for withdrawing from the war and concentrated on the formation of new government.
10. Therefore, In March 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed.
11. The communist government encouraged the colonies to fight for their freedom.
12. It led to debates over key issues, land reforms, social welfare, worker’s rights and gender equality started taking place in a global context.

Question 4.
Estimate the work done by the League of Nations, pointing out the reasons for its failure?
Answer:
Reasons for the failure of the League of Nations:

1. The League had been successful until signing of the Locarno Treaty in 1925. It was the year when European powers were confronted with a problem—how to achieve disarmament. The Council of the League set up a commission to hold a Disarmament Conference to sort out the problem.
2. The proposed conference materialised only in February 1932. In this conference, Germany’s demand of equality of arms with France was rejected. In October Hitler withdrew Germany from the conference and the League.
3. In September 1931, Japan attacked Manchuria and the League condemned its action. So Japan resigned from the League.
4.  Italy also resigned from the League in 1937. Thereafter the League was a passive witness to events, taking no part in the crises over the Rhineland. Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland.
5. The last decisive action it took was in December 1939 when Russia was expelled for her attack on Finland. The Assembly did not meet again and the League of Nations was finally dissolved in 1946.

VIII. Activity

Question 1.
Students can be taught to mark the places of battles and the capital cities of the countries that were engaged in the War.

Question 2.
An assignment or a project work on the role of Indian soldiers in different battle fields across the globe and the casualties they suffered during the War be attempted by the students.
Answer:
British Indian Army: A Military department was created within the government of the East India company at Kolkata in the year 1776.
The British Indian Army was a critical force for the primacy of the British empire both in India and across the world.

Participation:

1. Maintaining the internal security of the British Raj
2. Anglo-Burmese war
3. First and second Anglo-Sikh war
4. First, Second and Third Anglo Afghan war
5. First and Second Opium wars in China
6. Boxer Rebellion in China

World War I (1914-1918): Indian soldiers 1.3 million Indian soldiers served with Allies in which, 74,187 Indian troops were killed. Indian Army fought against German empire in western front.

World War II (1939-1945): Indian soldiers 1,30,000 men along with 44,000 men in British units in India . Some 87,000 Indian soldiers died in the war.

First Kashmir war (1947): Tensions between Indian and Pakistan largely over Kashmir have never been entirely eliminated.

Indo-Pakistani war (1965): India lost a total of 150-190 tanks during the conflict. Over 3,000 soldiers were killed.

Sino-Indian conflict (1967): Conflict between Indian troops and members of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army on 1st Oct 1967. Indian losses were 88 killed and 163 wounded.

Indo-Pakistani war (1971): The war began with aerial strikes on eleven Indian air stations. Indian forces captured around 5,795 sq.miles land in the west but returned in 1972 Simla agreement.

Kargil war (1999): The war broke out at the Himalayan heights in the Kargil district of India. There was heavy casualties in India.

UN peace keeping mission: In 2014, India is the third largest troop contributor with 7,860 personnel deployed. Nearly 157 Indians have been killed during such operations. The Indian army provided paramedical units to help the sick and the wounded.

IX. Map Work

Mark the following countries on the world map.

1. Great Britain
2. Germany
3. France
4. Italy
5. Morocco
6. Turkey
7. Serbia
8. Bosnia
9. Greece
10. Austria-Hungary
11. Bulgaria
12. Rumania

Outbreak of World War I and Its Aftermath Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
……. was in competition with Germany and United States.
(a) Japan
(b) England
(c) Africa
Answer:
(b) England

Question 2.
The outcome of the first world war is the:
(a) French
(b) Russian
(c) American
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Russian

Question 3.
China was politically independent under the ……..
(a) Chin rule
(b) Chou rule
(c) Manchu rule
Answer:
(c) Manchu rule

Question 4.
Chauvinism means:
(a) extreme patriotism
(b) thinking high
(c) blind patriotism
(d) quality of the state
Answer:
(a) extreme patriotism

Question 5.
In 1876, barely 10% of Africa was under rule.
(a) Austria
(b) European
(c) China
Answer:
(b) European

Question 6.
The International court of Justice was set up at ……………. with ……………. judges.
(a) Greece, 10
(b) Hague, 15
(c) Austria,20
(d) America
Answer:
(b) Hague, 15

Question 7.
The term ………. denotes control or rule by a country over the Political and Economical life of another country.
(a) Imperialism
(b) Capitalism
(c) Socialism
Answer:
(a) Imperialism

Question 8.
The event of police and soldiers fired on th peaceful processions against Tsar in Russia was called:
(a) Bloody Sunday
(b) Petrograd problem
(c) Worst incident
(d) Militant action
Answer:
(a) Bloody Sunday

Question 9.
The industrial revolution created a need for …….
(a) Peace
(b) War
(c) Raw materials
Answer:
(c) Raw materials

Question 10.
The years of the first world war is:
(a) 1914-1918
(b) 1914-1916
(c) 1914-1917
(d) 1914-1920
Answer:
(a) 1914-1918

Question 11.
“Germany alone was competent to rule the whole world”, was said by
(a) Bismark
(b) Kaiser Wilhelm II
(c) Hitler
Answer:
(b) Kaiser Wilhelm II

Question 12.
France wanted to get back
(a) Alsace and Lorraine
(b) Bosnia and Herzegovina
(c) Estonia and Latvia
Answer:
(a) Alsace and Lorraine

Question 13.
Austria declared war on Serbia on
(a) 28^th July 1914
(6) 28^th June 1914
(c) 28^th August 1914
Answer:
(a) 28^th July 1914

Question 14.
Germany invaded France by crossing
(a) Luxemburg
(b) Rhineland
(c) Belgium
Answer:
(c) Belgium

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. The First World War started in ……….
2. Turkey extended her support to the ……….
3. ……… expedition was an utter failure for the British.
4. …….. an American ship was torpedoed by a German submarine.
5. In Russia, the Tsarist government was overthrown by ……..
6. Germany was sued for peace on November ………
7. The League of Nations was officially founded in January ……..
8. Japan captured Manchuria in …………
9. The turning point of the First World War was the ……….
10. The Bolshevik Party was renamed as ……….
11. The Treaty of Versailles abolished ……… in Germany, Austria and Russia.
12. The League had its headquarters in ……….
13. In March 1918, the …… was signed.
Answers:
1. 1914
2. Central Powers
3. Dardanelles
4. Lusitania
5. Lenin
6. 11,1918
7. 20,1920
8. 1931
9. entry of America
10. Russian Communist Party
11. Monarchy
12. Geneva
13. Treaty of Brest- Litovsk

III. Match the following

Answers:
1. (b)
2. (e)
3. (c)
4. (a)
5. (d)

Answers:
1. (c)
2. (e)
3. (a)
4. (b)
5. (d)

Answers:
1. (c)
2. (a)
3. (e)
4. (d)
5. (b)

IV. Answer briefly:

Question 1.
Define Imperialism.
Answer:
The word‘imperialism’is defined in three ways:

1. The term imperialism refers to the policy of extending a country’s rule over the others.
2. It is a policy of aggressive behaviour of one state against another.
3. It also refers to a country’s domination over the political and economic interest of another nation to exploit its natural resources.

Question 2.
Name the countries of Triple Alliance? When was it formed?
Answer:
Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria and Turkey were the countries of Triple Alliance. It was formed under the guidance of Bismarck in 1882.

Question 3.
Industrial Revolution is an important cause for the rise of Imperialism – Explain it.
Answer:

1. Industrial Revolution in European countries resulted in a great increase in production. So there was a need for raw materials and new markets.
2. It also instructed a great progress in the means of transport and communication.
3. Due to the “Protective trade policy” of Europe, they could not sell their finished goods in their local markets.
4. These causes forced the Europeans to find new markets in Asian and African continents which led to the rise of Imperialism.

Question 4.
Write a note on Balkan League.
Answer:
Balkan is a region in South-eastern Europe between the Mediterranean sea and the Black sea.

Turkey extended her empire over the Balkans. Taking advantage of the political instability of the Turkish empire, Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and later Montenegro tried control over it and formed the Balkan League in March 1912.

Question 5.
Why did Germany needed colonies?
Answer:

1. Germany needed colonies as a sign of her world importance.
2. She needed colonies for her growing population.
3. To get raw materials and markets for its finished products.

Question 6.
What do you mean by Pravada.
Answer:
Pravada is a Russian word meaning ‘Truth’. It was the official newspaper of the communist party of the soviet union from 1918 to 1991.

Question 7.
Why did America enter into First World War?
Answer:

1. In 1917, Germany drowned four merchant ships of America including Lusitania with her submarines.
2. More than hundred Americans died in this incident.
3. This incident made the American President Woodrow Wilson angry and he declared war on Germany on the 6^th April of 1917.

Question 8.
What is the significance of the Treaty of Portsmouth?
Answer:
In the Russo-Japanese war, of 1904, Japan defeated Russia. By the Treaty of Portsmouth, got back Port Arthur, also entered the circle of great powers.

Question 9.
What are the organs of the League of Nations?
Answer:
The League of Nations consisted of: The General Assembly, The Council, The Secretariat, The International Court of Justice, and The International Labour Organisation.

Question 10.
Write any two incidents of violations by the member countries of the League.
Answer:

1. Japan attacked Manchuria in September 1931 and when the League condemned Japan, it resigned from the League.
2. Russia attacked Finland in 1939.

Question 11.
Name the prominent industrial areas in the Russian Empire?
Answer:
St. Petersburg and Moscow.

Question 12.
Who led the procession of workers to the event “Bloody Sunday” in Russia?
Answer:
Father Gapon

Question 13.
Write a note on Trusts and Cartels.
Answer:

1. A Trust is an Industrial organization in USA engaged in production, distribution of a commodity and control over its supply and price.
2. A Cartel was an association in Germany which was based upon a contractual agreement between people doing same type of business.

V. Answer all the questions given under each caption:

Question 1.
Causes for the rise of Imperialism

(a) What became the fashion of the later part of the 19^th century?
Answer:
Imperialism became the fashion of the later part of the 19^th century.

(b) What was the “White man’s burden”?
Answer:
To civilise the backward and uncivilised native people of Africa and Asia.

(c) Why were the European nations forced to acquire new colonies?
Answer:
The European nations were forced to acquire new colonies to get the Balance of power with their neighbours and competitors.

(d) What promoted the spirit of imperialism?
Answer:
The discovery of new routes to African and Asian continents.

Question 2.
Rise of Japan

(a) Which incident of Japan surprised the whole world?
Answer:
The crushing defeat of China by little Japan in the Sino-Japanese war of (1894-95) surprised the world.

(b) Why did Japan entered an alliance with England?
Answer:
Japan developed hostile towards Russia because Franch was the ally of Russia. Therefore, it entered into an alliance with Britain.

(c) What was the result of the Russo-Japanese war?
Answer:
In the Russo-Japanese war of 1904, Japan defeated Russia and the Treaty of Portsmouth was signed thereby got back Port Arthur.

(d) What was the position of Japan after this war?
Answer:
Japan after this war, entered the charmed circle of the great powers.

Question 3.
Balkan Problem

(a) Name the Balkan countries.
Answer:
Serbia, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece and Montenegro.

(b) How did the First Balkan War come to an end?
Answer:
The First Balkan War came to an end by the “Treaty of London”.

(c) Why did the other Balkan countries declare war on Bulgaria?
Answer:
Dispute arose between Serbia and Bulgaria in sharing the spoils of the war.

(d) What was the result of the Second Balkan war?
Answer:
Bulgaria was defeated and Serbia gained more territories.

Question 4.
Violent Form Of Nationalism

(a) What was the attitude developed with the growth of Nationalism?
Answer:
The attitude of “ My country right or wrong, I support it” developed.

(b) What is meant by Jingoism, Chauvinism, Kulthur.
Answer:
Jingoism – England – Blind patriotism.
Chauvinism – France – Extreme Patriotism.
Kulthur – Germany – Thinking high.

(c) Why did hatred developed towards other countries?
Answer:
The love for one country demanded hatred for another country.

(d) What did the newspapers do?
Answer:
Newspapers whipped up nationalist feelings by twisting the situation obtained in other countries.

Question 5.
War in the Near East front

(a) When did Turkey enter the war?
Answer:
In October 1914.

(b) Why was it considered a terrible blow?
Answer:
Because communications between Russia and the Allies were cut off.

(c) Why did Britain wanted to capture Gallipoli Peninsula?
Answer:
To control the Dardanelles and to capture Constantinople.

(d) What was the result of Dardanelles expedition?
Answer:
It was an utter failure to Britain.

Question 6.
League of nations

(a) When was the covenant of the League of nations formed?
Answer:
The Covenant of the League was formed at the Paris peace conference in 1919.

(b) Who helped in its formation?
Answer:
President ofU.S.A Woodrow Wilson.

(c) What was the structure of the League?
Answer:
The League consisted of Assembly,, the council, the Secretariat, Court of Justice and the International Labour organization.

(d) What were the privileges Enjoyed by the member countries?
Answer:
Each member had one vote and even the small nations possessed the right of Veto (The vote that blocks a decision).

Question 7.
League of Nations:

(a) Name the organisations which were found before the League of Nation.
Answer:

1. The League of Nations society 1915.
2. The World League for Peace 1917
3. The League of Free Nations Association 1918.

(b) Where was the League of Nation’s headquarters situated?
Answer:
The League of Nation’s headquarters was situated at Geneva in Switzerland.

(c) How should the member nations solve the problems?
Answer:
The member nations should solve the problems only through the League of Nations.

(d) When did Japan capture Manchuria?
Answer:
Japan captured Manchuria in 1931.

VI. Answer the following in detail.

Question 1.
What were the effects of Imperialism?
Answer:
Positive effects:

1. The powerful nations developed the transport and communication facilities in the weaker nations.
2. The formers gave the latter education, medical care and better methods of sanitation.
3. They introduced new farming methods to get increased food production.
4. These changes meant less death in the colonies and overall improvement in the standard of living.
5. It promoted order, discipline and unity in countries.
6. Clemenceau of trance, Orlando of Italy, Lloyd George of Britain and Woodrow Wilson of America were the main personalities of the conference.

The Treaty of Versailles:

1. The peace treaty with Germany was signed and it was called the Treaty of Versailles.
2. A huge war indemnity was imposed or Germany and German army was reduced.
3. The overseas possessions of Germany were divided among the victorious nations.
4. Germany surrendered Alsace and Lorraine to France.
5. The saar coal field was to be occupied by France for 15 years.

Other important treaties:

1. The Treaty of Germaine was concluded in Austria.
2. The Treaty of Trianon was concluded with Hungary.
3. The Treaty of Nevilly was concluded with Bulgaria.
4. The Treaty of Severes was concluded with Turkey.

New Nations created:

1. In many countries, monarchies gave place to Democracies.
2. New Republics of Czechoslovakia and Poland were born.
3. The Republic of Austria and Hungary was recognized.

Negative effects:

1. The colonies had no freedom. They were exploited and treated as slaves.
2. Imperialism led to the exploitation of the natural resources of the colonies.
3. The colonies were used as the suppliers of raw materials and markets for finished products.
4. The colonies plunged into poverty and unemployment due to the disappearance of indigenous industries.
5. The traditional pattern of agriculture was completely changed as the natives were forced to cultivate raw materials rather than food crops.
6. The introduction of western culture and education led to the loss of traditional culture, of the colonies.
7. It also led to the extinction of some native races of Africa due to slave trade.
8. The policy of racial discrimination was practiced in some colonies.

Question 2.
What were the criticisms raised against the peace settlement?
Answer:

1. The defeated powers were absent from the negotiations.
2. Self-determination was the principle for restoring peace among nations, but Germany alone did not follow it.
3. Austria was not allowed to unite with Germany.
4. Germany was thus left with total injustice.
5. Germany had to pay 6,600 million pounds for reparation which was beyond her capacity.
6. Germany was newly bordered by small weak states.
7. In 1920, the United States took a policy of Isolation.
8. Italy was given merely small places like Trieste, Istria and the south Tyrol.
9. The peace settlement created many national minorities and countries gave promises to respect the rights of minorities.
10. Separate treaties were drawn up and signed by the allies with Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey.
11. Though, it was largely due to the pressure from President of USA, Woodrow Wilson, League was formed but could not become the member of the League.

Question 3.
What were the achievements of League of Nations?
Answer:
The League of Nations succeeded in solving many problems during its existence for about 20 years.

1. It settled the dispute between Sweden and Finland regarding the ownership of Aaland island.
2. It solved a boundary dispute in Silesia between Poland and Germany.
3. It solved a dispute between Greece and Italy over the Island of Corfu.
4. It avoided a war between Greece and Bulgaria over the border disputes.
5. In 1926, Germany was admitted as a member of the League of Nations. In 1934, Russia was also admitted in the League.
6. It solved a border issue between Peru and Columbia.
7. Through its other organs, the League prevented the spread of many diseases.
8. It extended its helping hand in solving the problems of refugees and lepers.
9. It whole heartedly promoted cultural co-operation among the nations.
10. It attempted to raise the standard of education in various states.
11. The International Court of Justice handled more than thirty cases. It delivered judgement in some cases and in some others gave advisory opinions.

We think the data given here clarify all your queries of Chapter 1 and make you feel confident to attempt all questions in the examination. So, practice more & more from Tamilnadu State Board solutions for 10th Social Science History Chapter 1 Outbreak of World War I and Its Aftermath Questions and Answers & score well. Need any information regarding this then ask us through comments & we’ll give the best possible answers very soon.

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Geometry Ex 4.4

10th Maths Exercise 4.4 Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
The length of the tangent to a circle from a point P, which is 25 cm away from the centre is 24 cm. What is the radius of the circle?
Solution:
24² + r² = 25²
576 + r² = 625
r² = 625 – 576
= 49

Ex 4.4 Class 10 Samacheer Question 2.
∆LMN is a right angled triangle with ∠L = 90°. A circle is inscribed in it. The lengths of the sides containing the right angle are 6 cm and 8 cm. Find the radius of the circle.
Solution:
∆LMN,
By Pythagoras theorem,

Exercise 4.4 Class 10 Samacheer Kalvi Question 3.
A circle is inscribed in ∆ABC having sides 8 cm, 10 cm and 12 cm as shown in figure, Find AD, BE and CF.

Solution:
We know that the tangents drawn from are external point to a circle are equal.
Therefore AD = AF = x say.
BD = BE = y say and
CE = CF = z say
Now, AB = 12 cm, BC = 8 cm, and CA= 10 cm.
x + y = 12, y + z = 8 and z + x = 10
(x + y) + (y + z) + (z + x) = 12 + 8 + 10
2(x + y + z) = 30
x + y + z = 15
Now, x + y = 12 and x + y + z = 15
12 + z = 15 ⇒ z = 3
y + z = 8 and x + y + z = 15
x + 8 = 15 ⇒ x = 7
and z + x = 10 and x + y + z = 15
10 + y = 15 ⇒ y = 5
Hence, AD = x = 7 cm, BE = y = 5 cm
and CF = z = 3 cm.

10th Maths Exercise 4.4 Question 4.
PQ is a tangent drawn from a point P to a circle with centre O and QOR is a diameter of the circle such that ∠POR = 120° . Find ∠OPQ.
Solution:
∠POR + ∠POQ = 180° (straight angle = 180°)
∴ 120 +∠POQ = 180°
∠POQ = 60°
∠OQP = 90° (∵ radius is ⊥^r to the tangent at the point of contact)

∴ ∠POQ + ∠PQO + ∠OPQ = 180° (∵ sum of the 3 angles of a triangle is 180°)
∴ 60 + 90 + ∠OPQ = 80°
∠OPQ = 180° – 150° = 30°

10th Maths Geometry Question 5.
A tangent ST to a circle touches it at B. AB is a chord such that ∠ABT = 65°. Find ∠AOB , where “O” is the centre of the circle.
Solution:
In the figure,
∠OBT = 90° (∵OB-radius, BT – Tangent)
= 115°
∴ ∠OBA = 90° – 65°
∠OAB = 25° (OA = OB)
∴ ∠AOB = 180° – 50°
= 130°

10th Maths Practical Geometry Guide Pdf Question 6.
In figure, O is the centre of the circle with radius 5 cm. T is a point such that OT = 13 cm and OT intersects the circle E, if AB is the tangent to the circle at E, find the length of AB.

Solution:
In ∆OPT, OP = r = 5 cm
OT = 13 cm
PT = 12 cm
In ∆OPA, OA² = OP² + AP² ………….. (1)
In ∆OAE, OA² = OE² + AE² …………. (2)
Equating (1) and (2),
OP² + AP² = OE² + AE² (∵ OP = OE = r)
∴ AP = AE
Parallel BQ = EB
In ∆AET, AT² = AE² + ET²
∴ ET² = AT² – AE² = (AT + AE) (AT – AE)
∴ ET² = (AT + AP) (AT – AE) (∵ AE = AP)
∴ 8 × 8 = 12 × (AT – AE)

10th Geometry Question 7.
In two concentric circles, a chord of length 16 cm of larger circle becomes a tangent to the smaller circle whose radius is 6 cm. Find the radius of the larger circle.
Solution:
AB = 16 cm given
CA = CB(∵ OC ⊥^r AB)

OB² = OC² + BC²
= 6² + 8²
= 36 + 64 = 100
OB = Radius of the larger circle = \(\sqrt{100}\) = 10 cm.

10th Geometry Exercise 4.4 Question 8.
Two circles with centres O and O’ of radii 3 cm and 4 cm respectively intersect at two points P and Q, such that OP and O’P are tangents to the two circles. Find the length of the common chord PQ.
Solution:
Given: OP = OQ = 4
O’P = O’Q = 3

OO’ is the perpendicular bisector of chord PQ.
Let R be the point of intersection of PQ and OO’.
Assume PR = QR = x and OR = y
In OPO’, OP² + O’P² = (OO’)² ⇒ OO’
= \(\sqrt{4^{2}+3^{2}}\) = 5
OR = y ⇒ OR = 5 – y
In ∆OPR, PR² + OR² = OP² ⇒ x² + y = 4² ……….. (1)
In ∆O’PR, PR² + O’R² = O’P² ⇒ x² + (5 – y)² = 9 ………….(2)
(1) – (2)=> y² – (25 + y² – 10y) = 16 – 9
⇒ y² – 25 – y² + 10y = 7 .
⇒ 10y = 25 + 7 ⇒ 10y =32
⇒ y =3.2
Substituting y = 3.2 in (1), we get x = \(\sqrt{4^{2}-3.2^{2}}\)
x = 2.4
PQ = 2x ⇒ PQ = 4.8 cm

10th Maths Geometry Exercise 4.4 Question 9.
Show that the angle bisectors of a triangle are concurrent.
Solution:

In ∆ABC, let AD, BE are two angle bisectors.
They meet at the point ‘O’
We have to prove that = \(\frac{A C}{C D}=\frac{A O}{O D}\)
Construct CO to meet the interesecting point O from C.

Hence proved.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Practical Geometry Question 10.
In ∆ABC , with ∠B = 90° , BC = 6 cm and AB = 8 cm, D is a point on AC such that AD = 2 cm and E is the midpoint of AB. Join D to E and extend it to meet at F. Find BF.
In the figure ∆ABC, ∆EBF are similar triangles.
Solution:
Consider DABC, Then D, E, F are respective points on the sides CA, AB and BC. By constrution D, E, F are collinear.

10th Maths Guide Geometry Question 11.
An artist has created a triangular stained glass window and has one strip of small length left before completing the window. She needs to figure out the length of left out portion based on the lengths of the other sides as shown in the figure.

Solution:
In the figure, let O be the concurrent point of the angle bisectors of the three angles.

10th Maths Practical Geometry Question 12.
Draw a tangent at any point R on the circle of radius 3.4 cm and centre at P ?
Solution:
Radius = 3.4 cm
Centre = P
Tangent at any point R.

Construction:
Steps:
(1) Draw a circle with centre P of radius 3.4 cm.
(2) Take a point R on the circle. Join PR.
(3) Draw ⊥^r line TT¹ to PR. Which passes through R.
(4) TT1 is the required tangent.

10th Maths Geometry Guide Question 13.
Draw a circle of radius 4.5 cm. Take a point on the circle. Draw the tangent at that point using the alternate segment theorem.
Solution:
Construction:
Steps:
(1) With O as the centre, draw a circle of radius 4.5 cm.
(2) Take a point R on the circle. Through R draw any chord PR.
(3) Take a point Q distinct from P and R on the circle, so that P, Q, R are in anti-clockwise direction. Join PQ and QR.
(4) Through R drawn a tangent TT¹ such that ∠TRP = ∠PQR.
(5) TT¹ is the required tangent.

Maths Geometry 10th Question 14.
Draw the two tangents from a point which is 10 cm away from the centre of a circle of radius 5 cm. Also, measure the lengths of the tangents.
Solution:
Radius = 5 cm
The distance between the point from the centre is 10 cm.

Construction:
Steps:
(1) With O as centre, draw a circle of radius 5 cm.
(2) Draw a line OP =10 cm.
(3) Draw a perpendicular bisector of OP which cuts OP at M.
(4) With M as centre and MO as radius, draw a circle which cuts previous circle at A and B.
(5) Join AP and BP. AP and BP are the required tangents. Thus length of the tangents are PA and PB = 8.7 cm.
Verification:
In the right triangle ∠POA;

10th Maths New Syllabus Exercise 4.4 Question 15.
Take a point which is 11 cm away from the centre of a circle of radius 4 cm and draw the two tangents to the circle from that point.
Solution:
Radius = 4 cm
The distance of a point from the center =11 cm.

Construction:
Steps:
(1) With centre O, draw a circle of radius 4 cm.
(2) Draw a line OP = 11 cm.
(3) Draw a ⊥^r bisector of OP, which cuts atM.
(4) With M as centre and MO as radius, draw a circle which cuts previous circle at A and B.
(5) Join AP and BP. AP and BP are the required tangents. Thus length of the tangents are PA = PB = 10.2 cm.
Verification:
In the right triangle

10th Maths 4.4 Question 16.
Draw the two tangents from a point which is 5 cm away from the centre of a circle of diameter 6 cm. Also, measure the lengths of the tangents.
Solution:
Diameter = 6 cm
Radius = \(\frac{6}{2}\) = 3 cm.
The distance between the centre and the point is 5 cm.

Construction:
Steps:
(1) With centre O, draw a circle of radius , 3cm.
(2) Draw a line OP = 5 cm.
(3) Draw a bisector of OP, which cuts OP and M.
(4) With M as centre and MO as radius draw a circle which cuts previous circle at A and B.
(5) Join AP and BP. AP and BP are the required tangents. Thus length of the tangents are PA = PB = 4 cm
Verification:
In the right triangle ∆OPA,

10th Maths Book Geometry Question 17.
Draw a tangent to the circle from the point P having radius 3.6 cm, and centre at O. Point P is at a distance 7.2 cm from the centre.
Radius 3.6 cm.
Solution:
Distance from the centre to the point is 7.2 cm.

Construction:
Steps:
(1) Draw a circle of radius 3.6 cm with centre O.
(2) Draw a line OP = 7.2 cm.
(3) Draw a perpendicular bisector of OP, which cuts OP at M.
(4) With M as centre and MO as radius, draw a circle which cuts previous circle at A and B.
(5) Join AP and BP. AP and BP are the required tangents. Thus length of the tangents are PA = PB = 6.2 cm.
Verification:
In the right triangle.

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The Tempest Textual Questions

A. Choose the correct answer.

1. ………………. was the chief of all spirits.
(a) Sycorax
(b) Caliban
(c) Ariel
(d) Prospero
Answer:
(c) Ariel

2. ……………….. raised a dreadful storm.
(a) Ariel
(b) Prospero
(c) Miranda
(d) Sycorax
Answer:
(b) Prospero

3. Miranda was brought to the island …………… years ago.
(a) fourteen
(b) ten
(c) twelve
(d) five
Answer:
(c) twelve

4. Prospero ordered Ariel to bring ………………… to his place.
(a) Gonzalo
(b) Ferdinand
(c) King of Naples
(d) Antonio
Answer:
(b) Ferdinand

5. …………….. had provided Prospero formerly with books and provisions.
(a) Antonio
(b) Ferdinand
(c) Gonzalo
(d) Antonio
Answer:
(c) Gonzalo

6. The second human being that Miranda saw on the island was …………. .
(a) Ariel
(b) Prospero
(c) Ferdinand
(d) Gonzalo
Answer:
(c) Ferdinand

Additional Questions

1. Prospero and Miranda lived in a cave divided into several ………….. .
(a) compartments
(b) apartments
(c) vestibules
(d) partitions
Answer:
(b) apartments

2. Prospero released many good spirits like …………….. .
(a) Sycorax
(b) Ariel
(c) Caliban
(d) Ferdinand
Answer:
(a) Sycorax

3. Sycorax, a good spirit imprisoned many in the bodies of large ……………. .
(a) animals
(b) bottles
(c) barrels
(d) trees
Answer:
(d) trees

4. Ariel tormented an ugly monster called …………………….. .
(a) Miranda
(b) Sycorax
(c) Caliban
(d) Prospero
Answer:
(c) Caliban

5. ……………… was the son of Sycorax.
(a) Caliban
(b) smooth
(c) bumpy
(d) blunt
Answer:
(a) Caliban

6. Mirnda was just ………………. years old when she came to this cell.
(a) five
(b) three
(c) seven
(d) twelve
Answer:
(b) three

7. Prospero was the Duke of ……………… .
(a) Naples
(b) Milan
(c) Mulan
(d) Maples
Answer:
(b) Milan

8. Prospero had a younger brother by name …………….. .
(a) Antonio
(b) Caliban
(c) Shylock
(d) Ferdinand
Answer:
(a) Antonio

9. Antonio joined hands with the king of ……………… and betrayed his brother.
(a) Maples
(b) Naples
(c) Milan
(d) Mulan
Answer:
(b) Naples

10. ………………. was a kind lord of Prospero’s court.
(a) Gonzalo
(b) Ferdinand
(c) Ariel
(d) Milan
Answer:
(a) Gonzalo

B. Identify the’character or speaker.

10th English The Tempest Paragraph Question 1.
He imprisoned the spirits in the bodies of large trees.
Answer:
Sycorax

10th English Supplementary The Tempest Summary Question 2.
He was the chief of all spirits.
Answer:
Ariel

The Tempest Hints Development Question 3.
It seems to me like the recollection of a dream.
Answer:
Miranda to Prospero (Not in the textual passage)

10th Std The Tempest Summary Question 4.
I was Duke of Milan, and you were a princess.
Answer:
Prospero to Miranda

The Tempest 10th Supplementary In English Question 5.
What a trouble must I have been to you then!
Answer:
Miranda to Prospero

The Tempest Book Back Answers Question 6.
Now pray tell me, sir, your reason for raising this sea-storm?
Answer:
Miranda to Prospero

The Tempest Questions And Answers Question 7.
I will soon move you.
Answer:
Ariel to Ferdinand

10th English Unit 1 Supplementary Question 8.
I will tie your neck and feet together.
Answer:
Prospero to Ferdinand

The Tempest Questions And Answers Pdf Question 9.
I must finish my task before I take my rest.
Answer:
Ferdinand to Miranda

10th English Supplementary Story In English Question 10.
He repented and implored his brother’s forgiveness.
Answer:
Antonio to Prospero

Additional Questions

The Tempest 10th Supplementary In Tamil Question 1.
She came to this island so young, that she had no memory other than her father.
Answer:
Miranda

10th English The Tempest In Tamil Question 2.
They lived in a cave made out of a rock.
Answer:
Prospero and Miranda

The Tempest Supplementary Question 3.
He kept his books to chiefly create magic.
Answer:
Prospero

10th English Supplementary The Tempest Question 4.
This spirit imprisoned many in the bodies of large trees.
Answer:
Sycorax

10th English Supplementary Paragraph Pdf Question 5.
He was the chief of all the gentle spirits.
Answer:
Ariel

Tempest Questions And Answers Question 6.
He took too much pleasure in tormenting an ugly monster.
Answer:
Ariel

10th English The Tempest Summary Question 7.
He was the son of Sycorax.
Answer:
Caliban

The Tempest Paragraph Question 8.
He was employed like a slave, to fetch wood, and do the most laborious offices.
Answer:
Caliban

10th Supplementary The Tempest Question 9.
He had the charge of compelling Caliban to these services.
Answer:
Ariel

10th English Supplementary Story In Tamil Question 10.
With the help of spirits, he could command the winds, and the waves of the sea.
Answer:
Prospero

10th English Character/Speaker Pdf Question 11.
“Have pity on their sad distress. See! the vessel will be dashed to pieces.
Answer:
Miranda to Prospero

10th English The Tempest Question 12.
Be not so amazed, there is no harm done.
Answer:
Prospero to Miranda

Question 13.
No person in the ship shall receive any hurt.
Answer:
Prospero to Miranda

Question 14.
What I have done has been in care of you.
Answer:
Prospero to Miranda

Question 15.
Can you remember a time before you came to this cell?
Answer:
Prospero to Miranda

Question 16.
You were not then three years of age.
Answer:
Prospero to Miranda

Question 17.
I was Duke of Milan, and you were a princess, and my only heir.
Answer:
Prospero to Miranda

Question 18.
Prospero had a younger brother.
Answer:
Antonio

Question 19.
He began to think himself the duke indeed.
Answer:
Antonio

Question 20.
Wherefore, did they not that hour destroy us?
Answer:
Miranda to Prospero

Question 21.
He forced us into a small boat, without either tackle, sail, or mast.
Answer:
Prospero to Miranda

Question 22.
A kind lord of my court placed water, provisions, apparel, and some books.
Answer:
Gonzalo

Question 23.
What a trouble must I have been!
Answer:
Miranda to Prospero

Question 24.
You were a little angel.
Answer:
Prospero to Miranda

Question 25.
“Well, my brave spirit,” “how have you performed your task?”
Answer:
Prospero to Ariel

Question 26.
Where is the king, and my brother?
Answer:
Prospero to Ariel

Question 27.
Tell me what you are looking at yonder?
Answer:
Prospero to Miranda

Question 28.
Believe me, it is a beautiful creature. Is it not a spirit?
Answer:
Miranda to Prospero

Question 29.
“It eats, and sleeps, and has senses such as we have”.
Answer:
Prospero to Miranda

Question 30.
This young man you see was altered by grief.
Answer:
Prospero about Ferdinand

Question 31.
He has lost his companions, and is wandering about to find them.
Answer:
Prospero about Ferdinand

Question 32.
She was the goddess of the place.
Answer:
Ferdinand about Miranda

Question 33.
He resolved to throw some difficulties to check on Ferdinand’s constancy.
Answer:
Prospero

Question 34.
I will tie your neck and feet together.
Answer:
Prospero to Ferdinand

Question 35.
You shall drink sea-water; shell-fish and withered roots.
Answer:
Prospero to Ferdinand

Question 36.
I will resist this and drew his sword.
Answer:
Ferdinand to Prospero

Question 37.
He fixed Ferdinand to the spot where he stood, so that he had no power to move.
Answer:
Prospero

Question 38.
Why are you so ungentle?
Answer:
Miranda to Prospero

Question 39.
Have pity, sir; I will be his surety.
Answer:
Miranda to Prospero about Ferdinand

Question 40.
This is the second man I ever saw, and to me he seems a true one.
Answer:
Miranda to Prospero about Ferdinand

Question 41.
Silence, one word more will make me chide you!
Answer:
Prospero to Miranda

Question 42.
What! An advocate for an impostor!
Answer:
Prospero to Miranda

Question 43.
My affections are most humble. I have no wish to see a goodlier man.
Answer:
Miranda to Prospero

Question 44.
You have no power to disobey me.
Answer:
Prospero to Ferdinand

Question 45.
“Alas! Do not work so hard; my father is at his studies.”
Answer:
Miranda to Ferdinand

Question 46.
Pray rest yourself.
Answer:
Miranda to Ferdinand

Question 47.
I dare not. I must finish my task before I – take my rest.
Answer:
Ferdinand to Miranda.

Question 48.
I will carry your logs.
Answer:
Miranda to Ferdinand

Question 49.
Fear nothing, I have overheard, and approve of all you have said.
Answer:
Prospero to Ferdinand and Miranda

Question 50.
He soon returned with the king, Antonio, and old Gonzalo.
Answer:
Ariel

Question 51.
Who is this maid?
Answer:
King of Naples about Miranda to Ferdinand

Question 52.
He has made himself to me a second father, giving me this dear lady.
Answer:
Ferdinand about Prospero to the King of Naples.

Question 53.
Let us not remember our troubles past, since they so happily have ended.
Answer:
Prospero

Question 54.
And then Prospero embraced his brother, and again assured him of his forgiveness.
Answer:
Antonio

Question 55.
He dismissed Ariel from his service, to the great joy of that lively little spirit.
Answer:
Prospero

C. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

Question 1.
Who were the inhabitants of the island?
Answer:
The inhabitants of the island were an old man named Prospero and his daughter Miranda.

Question 2.
What powers did Prospero possess?
Answer:
Prospero possessed magical powers.

Question 3.
Who was Caliban? What was he employed for?
Answer:
Caliban was the son of a witch named Sycorax. He was employed like a slave to fetch wood and do the most laborious work.

Question 4.
Who were on the ship? How were they related to Prospero?
Answer:
Prospero’s brother Antonio, the King of Naples, the king’s son Ferdinand and an old lord Gonzalo were on the ship. Antonio, with the help of the King of Naples, deprived Prospero of his dukedom.

Question 5.
Why had Prospero raised a violent storm in the sea?
Answer:
Prospero raised a violent storm in the sea to make his enemies repent for the injustice done to him and his daughter.

Question 6.
How did Miranda feel when her father raised the storm to destroy the ship?
Answer:
Miranda felt extremely sad for the distress of the members in the ship. She wanted Prospero to have pity on the poor souls.

Question 7.
What was Ariel ordered to do with the people on the ship?
Answer:
Prospero ordered Ariel to torment the inmates of the ship by raising a violent storm. He also instructed Ariel to bring Ferdinand, the Prince of Naples to his cave.

Question 8.
Give two reasons why Miranda was so concerned about Ferdinand.
Answer:
Ferdinand was the second human whom Miranda had seen after her father. She was attracted by him and had more concern towards him.

Question 9.
Why did Prospero set Ferdinand a severe task to perform?
Answer:
Prospero set Ferdinand a severe task to perform to try his constancy. He resolved to throw some difficulties in his way.

Question 10.
How was Gonzalo helpful to Prospero when he left Milan?
Answer:
Gonzalo had privately placed water, provisions, clothes and some books, which Prospero loved the most in the boat.

D. Answer the questions in a paragraph of about 100 – 150 words.

Question 1.
Write a detailed character sketch of Prospero.
Answer:
Prospero was skilled magically and used his powers to create storms, provide entertainment, manipulate others, exercise power and control over the lives of others. He enjoyed knowledge and learning of spells. He became so entranced by his magic that he did not notice his brother trying to take his title and kill him. Prospero controlled all those who were around him. In the beginning of the play, he got the help of Ariel, the chief of gentle spirits, to create a violent and windy storm to punish his enemies who harmed him and his daughter. Ariel worked for Prospero in exchange for his freedom from a witch, Sycorax. But Caliban was the son of Prospero’s old enemy Sycorax. So, Prospero employed Caliban like a slave, to fetch wood and do the most laborious work.

Question 2.
Narrate how Prospero made his enemies repent to restore his dukedom.
Answer:
Prospero, the Duke of Milan, was more interested in reading books and in the art of magic. He trusted his brother Antonio and asked him to look after his affairs in his kingdom. But Antonio overthrew Prospero out of the kingdom, with the help of the king of Naples.

Prospero reached an island with his daughter and stayed there for twelve years. He released many good spirits from the clutches of the witch Sycorax. With the help of Ariel, he created a violent storm in the sea. He made his enemies travelling in the ship, to suffer for their mistakes done to him. He asked Ariel to bring Ferdinand to the cave. There, Miranda and Ferdinand were attracted to each other.

But Prospero tested Ferdinand to try his constancy. At last, he forgave all of them, as they realized their mistakes and repented. Everyone left the island and Prospero restored his dukedom.

E. Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order.

1. He ordered Ariel to torment the inmates of the ship.
2. Miranda was attracted by Ferdinand and had more concern towards him.
3. Prospero and Miranda came to an island and lived in a cave.
4. Prospero forgave them and restored his dukedom, Milan.
5. He raised a violent storm in the sea to wreck the ship of his enemies.
6. Prospero wanted to test Ferdinand and gave a severe task to perform.
Using his powers, Prospero released the good spirits from large bodies of trees.
8. The King of Naples, and Antonio the false brother, repented the injustice they had done to Prospero.
9. Ariel was instructed to bring Ferdinand, the prince of Naples to his cave.
10. Ferdinand was the second human whom Miranda had seen after her father.
Answer:
3, 7, 5, 1, 9, 10, 2, 6, 8, 4
3. Prospero and Miranda came to an island and lived in a cave.
7. Using his powers, Prospero released the good spirits from large bodies of trees.
5. He raised a violent storm in the sea to wreck the ship of his enemies.
1. He ordered Ariel to torment the inmates of the ship.
9. Ariel was instructed to bring Ferdinand, the prince of Naples to his cave.
10. Ferdinand was the second human whom Miranda had seen after her father.
2. Miranda was attracted by Ferdinand and had more concern towards him.
6. Prospero wanted to test Ferdinand and gave a severe task to perform.
8. The King of Naples, and Antonio the false brother, repented the injustice they had done to Prospero.
4. Prospero forgave them and restored his dukedom, Milan.

Additional Questions:

A. Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order.

1. a. Of these Ariel was the chief.
b. By virtue of his art, he had released many good spirits from a witch called Sycorax.
c. Prospero and his daughter Miranda were the only inhabitants in an island.
d. Ariel took pleasure in tormenting an ugly monster called Caliban.
e. These gentle spirits were ever after obedient to the will of Prospero.
Answers:
c, b, e, a, d
c. Prospero and his daughter Miranda were the only inhabitants in an island.
b. By virtue of his art, he had released many good spirits from a witch called Sycorax.
e. These gentle spirits were ever after obedient to the will of Prospero.
a. Of these Ariel was the chief.
d. Ariel took pleasure in tormenting an ugly monster called Caliban.

2. a. Ariel had the charge of compelling Caliban to these services.
b. Caliban was employed like a slave, to fetch wood, and do the most laborious offices.
c. Miranda was worried about the inmates of a fine large ship which could be shipwrecked.
d. Prospero assured his daughter about the safety of all those who were in the ship.
e. At Prospero’s Commands they raised a violent storm.
Answers:
b, a, e, c, d
b. Caliban was employed like a slave, to fetch wood, and do the most laborious offices.
a. Ariel had the charge of compelling Caliban to these services.
e. At Prospero’s Commands they raised a violent storm.
c. Miranda was worried about the inmates of a fine large ship which could be shipwrecked.
d. Prospero assured his daughter about the safety of all those who were in the ship.

B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrases given below to form a complete meaningful paragraph.

1. (in the bodies of large trees / in the sea / treated of magic / with no memory of / made out of a rock.)
There was an island (i) ………………………. where an old man, named Prospero, and his daughter Miranda lived. She came to this island (ii) ………………. seeing any other human face than her father’s. They lived in a cave (iii) ………………. In his study, Prospero kept his books, which chiefly (iv) ………………… By virtue of his art, he had released many good spirits from a witch called Sycorax who had them imprisoned (v) …………………… .
Answers:
(i) in the sea
(ii) with no memory of
(iii) made out of a rock
(iv) treated of magic
(v) in the bodies of large trees

2. (who was my enemy/1 was Duke of Milan /to think himself / whose name was Antonio / of my dukedom)
“Twelve years ago, Miranda,” continued Prospero,” (i) ………………………., and you were a princess and my only heir. I had a younger brother, (ii) …………………, to whom I trusted everything; My brother Antonio began (iii) ………………. the duke indeed. The opportunity I gave him deprived me (iv) ………………. this he soon effected with the aid of the King of Naples, (v) ……………… .
Answers:
(i) I was Duke of Milan
(ii) whose name was Antonio
(iii) to think himself
(iv) of my dukedom
(v) who was my enemy

C. Match the following appropriately:

1.
Answer:
(i)(e), (ii)(d), (iii) (a), (iv)(c), (v)(b).

2.
Answer:
(i)(e), (ii)(d), (iii)(a), (iv)(b), (v)(c).

3.
Answer:
(i)(b), (ii)(d), (iii)(c), (iv)(a), (v)(c).

D. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

1. There was an island in the sea, the only inhabitants of which were an old man, named Prospero, and his daughter Miranda, a very beautiful young lady. She came to this island so young, that she had no memory of having seen any other human face than her father’s.

They lived in a cave made out of a rock; it was divided into several apartments, one of which Prospero called his study; there he kept his books, which chiefly treated of magic. By virtue of his art, he had released many good spirits from a witch called Sycorax who had them imprisoned in the bodies of large trees.

These gentle spirits were ever after obedient to the will of Prospero. Of these Ariel was the chief. Ariel took rather too much pleasure in tormenting an ugly monster called Caliban, because he was the son of his old enemy Sycorax.

(а) Who were the only inhabitants of the island in the sea?
Answer:
Prospero an old man and his daughter Miranda were the only inhabitants of the island in the sea.

(b) Where did Prospero and Miranda live?
Answer:
Prospero and Miranda lived in a cave made out of a rock.

(c) Who is Sycorax?
Answer:
Sycorax is a witch who had imprisoned many good spirits in the bodies of large trees.

(d) Who was the chief of all the gentle spirits?
Answer:
Ariel was the chief of all the gentle spirits.

(e) Why did Ariel find pleasure in tormenting Caliban?
Answer:
Ariel found pleasure in tormenting Caliban an ugly monster because he was the son of his old enemy Sycorax.

2. Ariel took rather too much pleasure in tormenting an ugly monster called Caliban, because he was the son of his old enemy Sycorax. Caliban was employed like a slave, to fetch wood, and do the most laborious offices; and Ariel had the charge of compelling him to these services. With the help of these spirits, Prospero could command the winds, and the waves of the sea.

By his orders they raised a violent storm, in the midst of which, he showed his daughter a fine large ship, which he told her was full of living beings like themselves. “Oh my dear father,” said she, “if by your art you have raised this dreadful storm, have pity on their sad distress. See! The vessel will be dashed to pieces. Poor souls! They will all perish.”

“Be not so amazed, daughter Miranda,” said Prospero; “there is no harm done. I have so ordered it, that no person in the ship shall receive any hurt.

(a) Who was Caliban?
Answer:
Caliban, an ugly monster was the son of Ariel’s old enemy Sycorax, the witch.

(b) What was the work given to Caliban by Ariel?
Answer:
Ariel made Caliban fetch wood and do most of the laborious offices.

(c) How did Prospero use the spirits?
Answer:
Prospero with the help of the spirits commanded the winds and the waves of the sea.

(d) What did Prospero show his daughter?
Answer:
Prospero showed a fine large ship in the midst of a violent storm that he had created.

(e) What was the fear of Miranda?
Answer:
Miranda feared that the vessel would be dashed to pieces and that the people in the ship may perish.

E. Study the given mind map and fill in the incomplete details:

Answers:
(i) to pfle up some heavy logs of wood.
(ii) is at his studies, pray rest yourself.
(iii) my task before I take my rest.
(iv) I will carry your logs the while.
(v) would by no means agree to.

Answers:
(i) the beauty of young Miranda.
(ii) who is the famous Duke of Milan.
(iii) a second father.
(iv) our troubles past, since they so happily have ended.
(v) embraced his brother.

The Tempest by William Shakespeare About the Author:
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. He was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s greatest dramatist. He is often called England’s national poet and the “Bard of Avon”. His surviving body of work includes 37 plays, 154 sonnets and two narrative poems, the majority of which he penned between 1589 and 1613.

The Tempest Summary:

Introduction:
The Tempest was considered as one of Shakespeare’s well-written plays. It is believed that the play was based on an actual wreck of a ship called the Sea Venture of Bermuda that was headed to Virginia. There is strong evidence that Shakespeare used elements of the story of the wreck.

Tragedy that surrounded Prospero
When the play, The Tempest by William Shakespeare begins, Prospero, the overthrown Duke of Milan, and his teenage daughter, Miranda, live on an isolated island where they have been marooned for the past twelve years. Their only companions are Ariel, a magical spirit and Caliban, enslaved by Prospero. Prospero was originally Duke of Milan, but his position was appropriated by his brother Antonio, possibly with the approval of King of Naples.

Ariel’s violent storm
A ship with King of Naples, his son Ferdinand, Antonio, and other nobles, is wrecked in a sea storm created by the spirit Ariel, under the magic art of Prospero. Ariel explains that he has carried out Prospero’s orders: He admits that be had destroyed the ship and dispersed its passengers across the island. Prospero instructs Ariel to be invisible and spy on them. Prospero explains to his daughter that the crew members in the ship are all safe and sound when he sees her glum. He puts Miranda to sleep as Ariel comes there to report that the lords are on the island as he had commanded, with Ferdinand separated from the others. Caliban, a vicious native of the island who is also controlled by Prospero, expresses his hatred to Prospero, but is forced to do his command.

Ferdinand meets Miranda
Prospero gets Ariel to lead Ferdinand across the island so that he meets Miranda, and fall in love. As planned, Ferdinand stumbles across Miranda and they fall in love and decide to marry. Prospero warns Miranda off and decides to test Ferdinand’s loyalty. To test his worth, Prospero makes Ferdinand carry out menial tasks. Ferdinand finds his labour pleasant because of Miranda. Miranda, thinking that her father is asleep, tells Ferdinand to take a break. They propose marriage and they accept each other. Prospero who has been on stage invisible to Ferdinand and Miranda is pleased with this development.

Grieving ship wrecked crew
The rest of the shipwrecked crew are grieving for their lost, loved ones. The search for Ferdinand goes in vain and Antonio and the King of Naples fear him drowned. Gonzalo and the others think that the spellbound men are suffering from the guilt of their past actions and promise to ensure their safety.

King of Naples punished for disloyalty
Ariel places a magical delicious banquet before the lords which vanishes when they crave to eat. Ariel leads the lords to Prospero, and they stand in a trance before him.

Prospero pardons Antonio
Ariel rouses them, and they beg forgiveness, which Prospero grants, and he is restored to his dukedom. Ferdinand and Miranda are then revealed to them to their happiness. At the end of the play, Ariel is told to provide good weather to guide the king’s ship back to the royal fleet and then to Naples, where Ferdinand and Miranda will be married.

Conclusion:
Thus the story ends happily. Prospero pardons Antonio for his disloyalty. The Duke regains his Dukedom. His daughter is married to Ferdinand.

William Shakespeare Glossary:

Textual:

Additional:

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Solutions Chapter 7 Mensuration Ex 7.1

10th Maths Exercise 7.1 Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
The radius and height of a cylinder are in the ratio 5:7 and its curved surface area is 5500 sq.cm. Find its radius and height.
Solution:
r = 5x
h = 7x
CSA of a cylinder = 2πrh

∴ Radius = 5 × 5 = 25 cm
height = 7 × 5 = 35 cm

Ex 7.1 Class 10 Samacheer Question 2.
A solid iron cylinder has total surface area of 1848 sq.m. Its curved surface area is five – sixth of its total surface area. Find the radius and height of the iron cylinder.
The external radius and the length of a hollow
Solution:

Exercise 7.1 Class 10 Samacheer Kalvi Question 3.
The external radius and the length of a hollow wooden log are 16 cm and 13 cm respectively. If its thickness is 4 cm then find its T.S.A.
Solution:
R = 16 cm
r = R – thickness
r = 12 cm
= 16 – 4 = 12 cm
h = 13 cm
Total surface area of hollow cylinder = 2π(R + r) (R – r + h) sq. units.

∴ T.S.A = 2992 cm²

10th Maths Mensuration Exercise 7.1 Question 4.
A right angled triangle PQR where ∠Q = 90° is rotated about QR and PQ. If QR = 16 cm and PR = 20 cm, compare the curved surface areas of the right circular cones so formed by the triangle.
Solution:
When it is rotated about PQ the C.S.A of the cone formed = πrl.


1005.71 > 754.28
∴ CSA of the cone rotated about its PQ is larger than the CSA of the cone rotated about QR.

10th Maths Exercise 7.1 Question 5.
4 persons live in a conical tent whose slant height is 19 cm. If each person require 22 cm² of the floor area, then find the height of the tent.
Solution:
Base area of the cone = πr² = sq units.

10th Maths Exercise 7.1 In Tamil Question 6.
A girl wishes to prepare birthday caps in the form of right circular cones for her birthday party, using a sheet of paper whose area is 5720 cm², how many caps can be made with radius 5 cm and height 12 cm.
Solution:

10th Maths 7.1 Question 7.
The ratio of the radii of two right circular cones of same height is 1 : 3. Find the ratio of their curved surface area when the height of each cone is 3 times the radius of the smaller cone.
Solution:

10th Mensuration Solutions Question 8.
The radius of a sphere increases by 25%. Find the percentage increase in its surface area.
Solution:
Surface area of sphere A = 4πr²
New radius = r’ = 1.25r,
[∵ r + 0.25r] (25% = 0.25)
New surface area = A’ = 4π(r’)²
= 4π(1.25 r)²

10th Maths Ex 7.1 Question 9.
The internal and external diameters of a hollow hemispherical vessel are 20 cm and 28 cm respectively. Find the cost to paint the vessel all over at ₹ 0.14 per cm².
Solution:
External diameter D = 28 cm
Internal diameter d = 20 cm

10th Maths 7.1 Exercise Question 10.
The frustum shaped outer portion of the table lamp has to be painted including the top part. Find the total cost of painting the lamp if the cost of painting 1 sq.cm is ₹ 2.

Solution:
Here given that R = 12 m
r = 6 m
h = 8 m

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Solutions Chapter 2 Numbers and Sequences Ex 2.1

Exercise 2.1 Class 10 Maths Samacheer Question 1.
Find all positive integers which when divided by 3 leaves remainder 2.
Answer:
The positive integers when divided by 3 leaves remainder 2.
By Euclid’s division lemma a = bq + r, 0 ≤ r < b.
Here a = 3q + 2, where 0 ≤ q < 3, a leaves remainder 2 when divided by 3.
∴ 2, 5, 8, 11 ……………..

10th Maths Exercise 2.1 Samacheer Kalvi Question 2.
A man has 532 flower pots. He wants to arrange them in rows such that each row contains 21 flower pots. Find the number of completed rows and how many flower pots are left over?
Answer:
Here a = 532, b = 21
Using Euclid’s division algorithm
a = bq + r
532 = 21 × 25 + 7
Number of completed rows = 21
Number of flower pots left over = 7

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Ex 2.1 Class 10 Samacheer Question 3.
Prove that the product of two consecutive positive integers is divisible by 2.
Solution:
Let n – 1 and n be two consecutive positive integers. Then their product is (n – 1)n.
(n – 1)(n) = n² – n.
We know that any positive integer is of the form 2q or 2q + 1 for some integer q. So, following cases arise.
Case I. When n = 2q.
In this case, we have
n² – n = (2q)² – 2q = 4q² – 2q = 2q(2q – 1)
⇒ n² – n = 2r, where r = q(2q – 1)
⇒ n² – n is divisible by 2.

Case II. When n = 2q + 1
In this case, we have
n² – n = (2q + 1)² – (2q + 1)
= (2q + 1)(2q + 1 – 1) = 2q(2q + 1)
⇒ n² – n = 2r, where r = q (2q + 1).
⇒ n² – n is divisible by 2.
Hence, n² – n is divisible by 2 for every positive integer n.
Hence it is Proved

10th Maths Exercise 2.1 Question 4.
When the positive integers a, b and c are divided by 13, the respective remainders are 9,7 and 10. Show that a + b + c is divisible by 13.
Answer:
Let the positive integer be a, b, and c
We know that by Euclid’s division lemma
a = bq + r
a = 13q + 9 ….(1)
b = 13q + 7 ….(2)
c = 13q + 10 ….(3)
Add (1) (2) and (3)
a + b + c = 13q + 9 + 13q + 7 + 13q + 10
= 39q + 26
a + b + c = 13 (3q + 2)
This expansion will be divisible by 13
∴ a + b + c is divisible by 13

10th Maths 2.1 Exercise Question 5.
Prove that square of any integer leaves the remainder either 0 or 1 when divided by 4.
Solution:
Let x be any integer.
The square of x is x².
Let x be an even integer.
x = 2q + 0
then x² = 4q² + 0
When x be an odd integer
When x = 2k + 1 for some interger k.
x² = (2k + 1 )²
= 4k² + 4k + 1
= 4k (k + 1) + 1
= 4q + 1
where q = k(k + 1) is some integer.
Hence it is proved.

10th Maths Exercise 2.1 In Tamil Question 6.
Use Euclid’s Division Algorithm to find the Highest Common Factor (H.C.F) of
(i) 340 and 412
Answer:
To find the HCF of 340 and 412 using Euclid’s division algorithm. We get
412 = 340 × 1 + 72
The remainder 72 ≠ 0
Again applying Euclid’s division algorithm to the division of 340
340 = 72 × 4 + 52
The remainder 52 ≠ 0
Again applying Euclid’s division algorithm to the division 72 and remainder 52 we get
72 = 52 × 1 + 20
The remainder 20 ≠ 0
Again applying Euclid’s division algorithm
52 = 20 × 2 + 12
The remainder 12 ≠ 0
Again applying Euclid’s division algorithm
20 = 12 × 1 + 8
The remainder 8 ≠ 0
Again applying Euclid’s division algorithm
12 = 8 × 1 + 4
The remainder 4 ≠ 0
Again applying Euclid’s division algorithm
8 = 4 × 2 + 0
The remainder is zero
∴ HCF of 340 and 412 is 4

(ii) 867 and 255
Answer:
To find the HCF of 867 and 255 using
Euclid’s division algorithm. We get
867 = 255 × 3 + 102
The remainder 102 ≠ 0
Using Euclid’s division algorithm
255 = 102 × 2 + 51
The remainder 51 ≠ 0
Again using Euclid’s division algorithm
102 = 51 × 2 + 0
The remainder is zero
∴ HCF = 51
∴ HCF of 867 and 255 is 51

(iii) 10224 and 9648
Answer:
Find the HCF of 10224 and 9648 using Euclid’s division algorithm. We get
10224 = 9648 × 1 + 576
The remainder 576 ≠ 0
Again using Euclid’s division algorithm
9648 = 576 × 16 + 432
The remainder 432 ≠ 0
Using Euclid’s division algorithm
576 = 432 × 1 + 144
The remainder 144 ≠ 0
Again using Euclid’s division algorithm
432 = 144 × 3 + 0
The remainder is 0
∴ HCF = 144
The HCF of 10224 and 9648 is 144

(iv) 84,90 and 120
Answer:
Find the HCF of 84, 90 and 120 using Euclid’s division algorithm
90 = 84 × 1 + 6
The remainder 6 ≠ 0
Using Euclid’s division algorithm
4 = 14 × 6 + 0
The remainder is 0
∴ HCF = 6
The HCF of 84 and 90 is 6
Find the HCF of 6 and 120
120 = 6 × 20 + 0
The remainder is 0
∴ HCF of 120 and 6 is 6
∴ HCF of 84, 90 and 120 is 6

Numbers And Sequences 10th Class Question 7.
Find the largest number which divides 1230 and 1926 leaving remainder 12 in each case.
Solution:
The required number is the H.C.F. of the numbers.
1230 – 12 = 1218,
1926 – 12 = 1914
First we find the H.C.F. of 1218 & 1914 by Euclid’s division algorithm.
1914 = 1218 × 1 + 696
The remainder 696 ≠ 0.
Again using Euclid’s algorithm
1218 = 696 × 1 + 522
The remainder 522 ≠ 0.
Again using Euclid’s algorithm.
696 = 522 × 1 + 174
The remainder 174 ≠ 0.
Again by Euclid’s algorithm
522 = 174 × 3 + 0
The remainder is zero.
∴ The H.C.F. of 1218 and 1914 is 174.
∴ The required number is 174.

10th Maths Ex 2.1 Question 8.
If d is the Highest Common Factor of 32 and 60, find x and y satisfying d = 32x + 60y.
Answer:
Find the HCF of 32 and 60
60 = 32 × 1 + 28 ….(1)
The remainder 28 ≠ 0
By applying Euclid’s division lemma
32 = 28 × 1 + 4 ….(2)
The remainder 4 ≠ 0
Again by applying Euclid’s division lemma
28 = 4 × 7 + 0….(3)
The remainder is 0
HCF of 32 and 60 is 4
From (2) we get
32 = 28 × 1 + 4
4 = 32 – 28
= 32 – (60 – 32)
4 = 32 – 60 + 32
4 = 32 × 2 -60
4 = 32 x 2 + (-1) 60
When compare with d = 32x + 60 y
x = 2 and y = -1
The value of x = 2 and y = -1

10th Samacheer Maths Exercise 2.1 Question 9.
A positive integer when divided by 88 gives the remainder 61. What will be the remainder when the same number is divided by 11?
Solution:
Let a (+ve) integer be x.
x = 88 × y + 61
61 = 11 × 5 + 6 (∵ 88 is multiple of 11)
∴ 6 is the remainder. (When the number is divided by 88 giving the remainder 61 and when divided by 11 giving the remainder 6).

10th Maths 2.1 Question 10.
Prove that two consecutive positive integers are always coprime.
Answer:

1. Let the consecutive positive integers be x and x + 1.
2. The two number are co – prime both the numbers are divided by 1.
3. If the two terms are x and x + 1 one is odd and the other one is even.
4. HCF of two consecutive number is always 1.
5. Two consecutive positive integer are always coprime.

Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
Every composite number can be written uniquely as the product of power of prime is called fundamental theorem of Arithmetic.

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Solutions Chapter 5 Coordinate Geometry Ex 5.2

10th Maths Exercise 5.2 Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
What is the slope of a line whose inclination with positive direction of x -axis is
(i) 90°
(ii) 0°
Solution:
(i) θ = 90°
m = tan θ = tan 90° = ∝ (undefined)
(ii) m = tan θ = tan 0° = 0

Exercise 5.2 Class 10 Samacheer Kalvi Question 2.
What is the inclination of a line whose slope is (i) 0
Solution:
(i) Slope = 0
tan θ = 0
tan 0 = 0
∴ θ = 0°

(ii) Slope = 1
tan θ = 1
tan 45° = 1
∴ θ = 45°
angle of inclination is 45°

Ex 5.2 Class 10 Samacheer Question 3.
Find the slope of a line joining the points
(i) (5, \(\sqrt{5})\)) with origin
(ii) (sin θ, -cos θ) and (-sin θ, cos θ)
(i) (5, \(\sqrt{5})\)) with origin (0, 0)
Solution:

10th Maths Exercise 5.2 Question 4.
What is the slope of a line perpendicular to the line joining A(5, 1) and P where P is the mid-point of the segment joining (4, 2) and (-6,4).
Solution:
P is the mid point of the segment joining (4, 2) and (-6, 4)

10th Maths Ex 5.2 Question 5.
Show that the given points are collinear (-3, -4), (7, 2) and (12, 5)
Solution:
The verticles are A(-3, -4), B(7, 2) and C (12, 5)

Slope of AB = Slope of BC
∴ The points A, B and C lie on the same line.
∴ They are collinear.

10th Maths Exercise 5.2 Solution Question 6.
If the three points (3, -1), (a, 3), (1, -3) are collinear, find the value of a.
Solution:
Slope of AB = slope of BC.

Samacheer 10th Maths Exercise 5.2 Solutions Question 7.
The line through the points (-2, a) and (9, 3) has slope –\(\frac{1}{2}\). Find the value of a.
Solution:
A line joining the points (-2, a) and (9, 3) has slope m = –\(\frac{1}{2}\).

10th Maths Coordinate Geometry Exercise 5.2 Question 8.
The line through the points (-2, 6) and (4, 8) is perpendicular to the line through the points (8, 12) and (x, 24) . Find the value of x.
Solution:

10th Maths Exercise 5.2 In Tamil Question 9.
Show that the given points form a right angled triangle and check whether they satisfies pythagoras theorem
(i) A(1, -4), B(2, -3) and C(4, -7)
(ii) L(0, 5), M(9, 12) and N(3, 14)
Solution:

10th Coordinate Geometry 5.2 Question 10.
Show that the given points form a parallelogram : A(2.5, 3.5), B(10, -4), C(2.5, -2.5) and D(-5, 5)
Solution:



∴ The given points form a parallelogram.

10th Maths 5.2 Exercise Question 11.
If the points A(2, 2), B(-2, -3), C(1, -3) and D(x, y) form a parallelogram then find the value of x and y.
Solution:
A(2, 2), B(-2, -3), C(1, -3), D(x, y)

Since ABCD forms a parallelogram, slope of opposite sides are equal and diagonals bisect each other.
Mid point of BD = Mid point of AC

10th Maths 5.2 Question 12.
Let A(3, -4), B(9, -4), C(5, -7) and D(7, -7). Show that ABCD is a trapezium.
Solution:
A (3, -4), B (9, -4), C (5, -7) and D (7, -7)

If only one pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are parallel, then it is said to be a trapezium.


∴ One pair of opposite sides are parallel.
∴ ABCD is a trapezium.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Exercise 5.2 Question 13.
A quadrilateral has vertices at A(- 4, -2), B(5, -1) , C(6, 5) and D(-7, 6). Show that the mid-points of its sides form a parallelogram
Solution:




In a parallelogram diagonals bisect each other. Opposite sides are parallel as their slopes are equal the mid points of the diagonals are the same.
∴ Mid points of the sides of a quadrilateral form a parallelogram.

10th Exercise 5.2 Question 14.
PQRS is a rhombus. Its diagonals PR and QS intersect at the point M and satisfy QS =2PR. If the coordinates of S and M are (1, 1) and (2, -1) respectively, find the coordinates of P.
Solution: