Category: Class 10

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions Prose Chapter 2 The Night the Ghost Got in

English Subject experts who are having max years of experience prepared this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 10th English Prose Chapter 2 The Night the Ghost Got in Questions and Answers. They have explained all the topics covered in the board prescribed latest syllabus in a simple way to understand easily. So, students can prepare Chapter 2 English from this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Questions and Answers PDF. Download the Tamilnadu State Board 10th English Chapter 2 The Night the Ghost Got in Workbook Solutions PDF by accessing the below links and learn properly for the final exams to score well.

The Night the Ghost Got in warm up:

Use the following tongue twisters in a ‘Game of Telephone: where each student whispers the phrase to the next. The student who finishes the last says it aloud to the class. Let the students fill in the table given with what they listen to. They can get the help of their teacher

1. Six sleek swans swam swiftly southwards.
2. Four furious friends fought ur the phone.
3. Green glass globes glow greenly.
4. Six slimy snails sailed silently.
5. Scissors sizzle, thistles sizzle.
6. He threw three free throws.
7. Tommy Tucker tried to tie Tammys Turtles tie.
8. I wish you were a fish in my dish.
9. Five frantic frogs fled from fifty fierce fishes.
10. black bugs bleed blue black blood but baby black bugs bleed blue blood.
11. Red blood blue blood
12. Fresh registration… Fresh registration
13. She sells seashells at the seashore
14. Fred fed Ted bread, and Ted fed Fred bread

Answer:

I hope you ended with a delightfully tangled whole new tongue twisters.

The Night the Ghost Got in InText Questions

a. Where was the author when he heard the noise?
Answer:
The author had just stepped out of the bathtub, when he heard the noise.

b. What did the narrator think the unusual sound was?
Answer:
At first, he thought it was his father or his brother Roy. Next, he suspected that it was a burglar. Later on, he thought that it was a ghost.

c. What were the various sounds the brothers heard when they went downstairs?
Answer:
The brothers heard like a man running and started up the stairs towards them. They thought that they were coming two at a time. They saw nothing, but only heard the steps.

d. Who were the narrator neighbors?
Answer:
The narrator’s neighbors were a retired engraver named Bodwell and his wife.

e. How did the Bodwells react, when a shoe was thrown into their house?
Answer:
Mr. Bodwell was shouting, frothing a little and shaking his fist. Mrs. Bodwell wanted to sell their house and go back to Peoria. For some years, he had been in a bad way and was subjected to mild attacks.

f. What did the Bodwells think when they heard the mother shout?
Answer:
Bodwell thought that there were burglars in his house when they heard the mother shout.

g. What was the grandfather wearing?
Answer:
The narrator’s grandfather was wearing a long flannel nightgown over long woollen pants, a nightcap and a leather jacket around his chest.

h. What conclusions did grandfather jump to when he saw the cops?
Answer:
His grandfather was going through fits where he believes he is in the war. He thinks that General Meade’s men are deserting under fire from Stonewall Jackson.

i. Were the policemen willing to leave the house?
Answer:
No, the policemen were not willing to leave without getting their hand on somebody besides grandfather.

j. What made the reporter gaze at the author?
Answer:
The author had put on one of his mother’s dress, as he couldn’t find anything else. The reporter looked at him with mingled suspicion and interest.

The Night the Ghost Got in Textual Questions

A. Answer the following questions in a sentence or two.

The Night The Ghost Got In Questions And Answers Question 1.
Why was the narrator sorry to have paid attention to the footsteps?
Answer:
The imagination of the ghost getting into his house lead to a commotion. It caused his mother to throw a shoe through a window of the neighbouring house. It ended with his grandfather shooting a policeman. So the narrator was sorry to have paid attention to the footsteps.

The Night The Ghost Got In Summary Question 2.
Why did Herman and the author slam the doors?
Answer:
Herman and the author slammed the doors because they thought that someone was coming up their stairs. They were scared as they heard the steps of someone.

10th English Unit 2 Prose Question Answer Question 3.
What woke up the mother?
Answer:
The slamming of the doors had awakened their mother.

10th English The Night The Ghost Got In Question Answer Question 4.
What do you understand by the mother’s act of throwing the shoe?
Answer:
His mother enormously fancied the thrill of throwing a shoe through a glass window of her neighbour. She is a highly excitable woman.

The Night The Ghost Got In Question 5.
Why do you think Mrs. Bodwell wanted to sell the house?
Answer:
Mrs. Bodwell wanted to sell the house, as she wanted to go back to Peoria, due to the frequent mild attacks.

10th English The Night The Ghost Got In Question 6.
How did the cops manage to enter the locked house?
Answer:
The cops managed to enter the locked house by breaking the glass of the front door.

The Night The Ghost Got In Paragraph Question 7.
Why were the policemen prevented from entering grandfather’s room?
Answer:
The policemen were prevented from entering into grandfather’s room because the narrator realized that it would be bad if they do so. His grandfather was going through a phase, in which he believed that General Meade’s men were beginning to retreat. They were under the control of Stonewall Jackson.

The Night The Ghost Got In Pdf Question 8.
Who used the zither and how?
Answer:
Zither was used by the guinea pig to sleep on it. It would never sleep anywhere except on the zither.

Question 9.
Mention the things that the grandfather imagined.
Answer:
His grandfather imagined that the cops were deserters from Meade’s army. He thought that they were trying to hide away in his attic.

Additional Questions

Question 1.
Who is Mr. Bodwell?
Answer:
Bodwell is Thurber family’s neighbour, a retired engineer. He is “subject to mild ‘attacks,’” like most people whom the family knows.

Question 2.
How does Mr. Bodwell react to the shoe thrown by Mrs. Thurber?
Answer:
When the narrator’s mother throws a shoe through the Bodwells’ window and says there are burglars in the house, Bodwell is momentarily confused, thinking that the burglars are in his house, before understanding the truth and alerting the police.

Question 3.
Who is the only cop referred by name and what does he do?
Answer:
The only policeman referred to by name is Joe. He examines an old zither with another policeman.

Question 4.
Why does Joe mock the policeman who wants to retrieve his gun from the grandfather?
Answer:
When the policeman talks bravely about going to retrieve his gun from the grandfather, Joe mocks him because he feels it’s dangerous to approach an armed and unstable suspect.

Question 5.
Who is Herman? Comment on his personality.
Answer:
Herman is the brother of the narrator, James Thurber. He generally sleeps uneasily, always fearful that something might come and “get him” in the night. When the narrator wakes him and he hears the sounds in the dining room, he runs back into his room and slams the door showing what a timid boy he can be.

Question 6.
Who is the Zither-cop? Why is he called so?
Answer:
One of the policemen who search through the house finds an old zither and strums it in curiosity. The story later refers to this officer as “Zither,” as well as “the zither- cop.”

Question 7.
Why were the policeman prevented from entering grandfather’s room?
Answer:
The zither-cop was shot at by the grandfather because he was the first to go up the stairs when they heard the sound of a creaking in the attic caused by the grandfather turning in the bed.

B. Answer the following questions in about 100-150 words.

Question 1.
Describe the funny incident that caused the confusion in the house.
Answer:
James, the author comes out of the bathroom, drying him she dining table. He wakes up his brother Herman. They both listen to the footsteps and gets scared. Their mother wakes up. When she comes to know lf. At that moment, he hears the footsteps of someone walking downstairs near the she alerts her neighbour to call the police. The police arrive with some reporters.

They search all over, upstairs and downstairs. When they find nothing, they rush to the attic. The narrator’s grandfather believes that he is still in the war. He thinks that the policemen are deserters. So he starts shooting at them. The policemen leave their house immediately, creating a lot of confusion everywhere.

Question 2.
Narrate the extensive search operation made by the policemen in the house.
Answer:
The police were on hand in a commendably short time. They began banging at the narrator’s front door. When nobody responded, they broke into the house. They searched downstairs and upstairs messing up everything. They opened all the doors and windows. They pulled the drawers and furniture. They began to ransack the floor, pulled beds away from the walls, tore clothes off the hooks in the closets.

They also pulled suitcases and boxes off the shelves. Later, they heard some creaking in the attic. They stepped into the attic. As his grandfather thought that they were the deserters from Meade’s army, so he started shooting at them. Then he went back to bed. The cops were unwilling to leave without getting their hand on somebody. They felt it was a defeat for them. They began to poke into things again and finally left the place.

Additional:

Question 1.
What do you know about James Thurber, the narrator?
Answer:
The narrator James Thurber, presents himself as acting judiciously, although his actions are uncommon to raise the uncertainties of the policemen. He is the first person in the household to hear the mysterious sound, as he is stepping out of the bathtub at 1:15 a.m. on November 17th. After waking his brother Herman, he is the one who resolves that the reason of the sound downstairs must be an apparition.

When his hasty mother decides that the sounds must be caused by intruders, the narrator thinks that she is past reasoning. Even when the cops arrive, he is still wrapped in a towel from his bath. Later, when the reporter comes around asking questions, the narrator puts on one of his mother’s blouses, explaining that it is the only thing that he can find at the moment.

He chooses to be honest with the reporter and tell him that the problem was caused by ghosts, but the reporter does not take him earnestly. Later, when the policeman who has been shot by Grandfather wants to challenge him and take his gun back, the narrator mediates with composed receptivity and offers to take the gun over to the police station in the morning.
“A judicious reticence is hard to learn, but it is a lifetime lesson.”

Question 2.
What is the theme of the story, ‘The Night the Ghost got in’ by James Thurber?
Answer:
The theme of the story, ‘The Night the Ghost got in’ by James Thurber is surely of a supernatural kind. This story asks readers to accept the existence of the ghost mentioned in the title as a believable one. Many a time, ghost stories offer readers a sign for a common explanation for the events that the characters themselves trust are triggered by the bizarre scenario.

Although it seems very unlikely that a real ghost would have generated a commotion in the house, Thurber gives readers distressing indication that the sounds that he heard were undeniably supernatural. For example, the police thoroughly investigate the house and say that all the doors and windows are locked from inside and nothing in the house is said to have been taken by burglars. The father and brother Roy, who are at first expected do have come home from Indianapolis early, do not feature in the play and are just characters mentioned during conversations.
“The human mind delights in grand conceptions of supernatural beings.”

Question 3.
Bring out the character of the grandfather and the mother in the lesson, ‘The Night the Ghost got in’.
Answer:
The narrator’s grandfather is an old- timer of the Union army of the Civil War, which terminated about fifty-two years ago. His bedroom is in the attic. When the police come to the house to search for the burglar, the grandfather thinks that they are militaries who are abandoning because they are losing to the South. The grandfather calls them “cowardly dog” and “lily-livered cattle” and then fetches a policeman’s holster and shoots a man with his own gun.

The police retreat, terrified of the irrational old man but at the breakfast table the next morning, Grandfather seems impeccably conscious of the previous night’s situation, asking why so many police had been “tanyhootin” around the house. On the contrary, the narrator’s mother, Mrs Thurber is a highly excitable woman, scatter brained yet practical at times.

Hearing a sound in her house and suspecting a burglar, she thinks of the clever plan of alerting Mrs and Mr. Bodwell the neighbours by throwing a shoe through his closed window. After he goes to alert the police, she considers throwing the matching shoe, a thrill and fanciful act. She is surprised to hear that Grandfather has shot a policeman, not because of the courageous ferocity of the act, but because the cop was such a nice-looking young man.
“Great powers don’t get angry Nor do they act in haste!”

Vocabulary:

C. Look at the following expressions from the text. With the help of your teacher rewrite them in standard English. One has been done for you.

Answer:

D. Complete the given tabular column with the suitable plural forms.

Answer:

Listening Activity:

E. Listen to the story and answer the following.

A Short Story : Three Simple Rules This Short Story Three Simple Rules is quite interesting to all the people. Enjoy reading this story. Once there was a rich man in Thailand. His name was Chulong. He was a very rich man. Yet he wanted more riches, more money. One day he was walking in his garden. He saw a strange bird in a bush. It was very small. But it had very beautiful and colorful features. Its voice was also very sweet. Chulong had never seen such a bird in his life. He slowly went near the bush unseen. He caught the bird. Now the bird began to speak.

“Why have you caught me?” the bird asked. “I want to make money. I can sell you for a big amount,” replied Chulong. “But you are already rich. Why do you want more?” asked the bird. “Because I want to become richer and richer,” replied Chulong. “But do not dream of making .

money through me!” said the bird. It further added, “You cannot sell me. Nobody will buy me, because, in imprisonment, I lose my beauty and my sweet voice.” Then it slowly turned into a black bird. The beautiful features were now looking like the feathers of a crow. Chulong hopes of making money were shattered. He said angrily, “I will kill you, and I will eat your meat.” “Eat me! I am so small. You will not get any meat out of me,” replied the bird.

Chulong could not answer. The bird then suggested, “Well set me free. In return I shall teach you three simple but useful rules.” “What is the use of the rules? I want only money,” said Chulong. He was irritated. “But these rules can profit you greatly,” added the bird. “Profit me! Really? Then I shall set you free. But how can I trust you? You may fly away,” said Chulong. “I give you my word. And I always keep my word,” said the bird. Chulong wanted to take a chance.

He released the bird. It flew up at once. Then it sat on the branch of a tree. Its color started changing. It became beautiful again. Chulong asked, “Now teach me the rules.” “Certainly,” said the bird. Then it added, “The first rule is Never Believe everything others say. The second rule is Never be sad about something you do not have. The third rule is Never throw away what you have in your hand.” “You silly bird,” shouted Chulong. And he added, “These three rules are known to everyone.

You have cheated me.” But the bird said, “Chulong, just sit down for ” a while. Think about all your actions of today. You had me in your hands, but you threw me away (released me). You believed all that I said. And you are sad about not having me. The rules are simple. But you never followed them. Now do you see the value of the rules?” so saying the bird Threw away and disappeared from his sight.

Question 1.
The rich man was from
(a) Nagaland
(b) Thailand
(c) Finland
Answer:
(b) Thailand

Question 2.
Where did Chulong catch the bird?
Answer:
Chulong caught the bird in a bush in his garden.

Question 3.
Why did Chulong catch the bird?
Answer:
Chulong caught the bird because it was strange and small and would surely fetch him good •money.

Question 4.
What will happen to the bird in imprisonment?
Answer:
The bird in imprisonment will lose its beauty and sweet voice.

Question 5.
What did the bird suggest Chulong, in exchange for its freedom?
Answer:
The bird in exchange for its freedom suggested to Chulong three simple, yet useful rules.

Question 6.
Does Chulong want to earn money honestly?
Answer:
No, he did not want to earn money honestly.

Question 7.
What were Chulongs plans for the bird?
Answer:
Chulong wanted to sell the bird and earn good money.

Question 8.
Who is wise according to you?
Answer:
The bird is wise according to me.

Question 9.
Is the bird a crow?
Answer:
No, the bird isn’t a crow.

10. What are the three rules given by the bird?
Answer:
The three rules given by the bird are:

1. Never believe everything others say.
2. Never be sad about something you do not have.
3. Never throw away what you have in your hand.

Speaking Activity

F. Quiz: Who am I ?
Sample questions to ask. Answers must be ‘yes’ or ‘no’ only.

1. Are you a male (female)?
2. Are you young (old)?
3. Are you a famous personality?
4. Are you alive now?
5. Are you a singer (dancer, actor)?
6. Does your name start with ‘……………’ ?
7. Are you a historical figure?
8. Is he/she ………………. ?

G. Use this passage to play the game. You can collect information on other famous personalities and play too.

Charlie Chaplin was bom on April 16, 1889, in London England. His birth name was Charles ‘ Spencer Chaplin, though he had many nicknames growing up such as Charlie, Chariot, and The Little Tramp. His father, Charles Chaplin, and his mother, Hannah Chaplin, were inducted into the music hall of fame, leading the way to his exposure even as a young boy.

His first on stage moment was when he was 5 years old; he sang a song that was intended to be sung by his own mother; she had become ill at the time of the performance, so little Charlie Chaplin stood instead and performed for his mother. Charlie Chaplin came to the United States in 1910, at the age of 21. He was brought to New York, which was known to be a great place to start out for anyone trying to become a professional actor. Two years later, in 1913, Chaplin signed his very first contract at Keystone and it was no time before he headed to Hollywood. His first movie premiered in 1914, “Making a Living,” and went on to make over 35 movies total in that year alone.

Charlie Chaplin grew to become one of the most popular and successful actors of all time. The moment that really kicked off his long career was in 1921 when he starred in, and produced, his first full length film called “The Kid.” From then on, most people all over the world knew Charlie Chaplin and loved his movies. He had a great career and life, dying on December 25, 1977, in Vevey, Switzerland. He had apparently died of natural causes in his sleep from old age.

Give Answers:
Is the personality a female character? No
Is he a political figure? No
Is he from the Film Industry? Yes
Is he a comedian? Yes
Is he from India? No
Is the person alive? No
Is he an artist from his childhood? Yes

Reading:

H. Read the following incident carefully to answer the questions that follow.

The tie that does not bind
“Oh, so you’re going abroad? Can you bring me back ?” I’ve been asked to bring back a vaccine for a course. Once I searched the suburbs of Paris for two days for a special brand of ceramic paint. Having spent a lot of money for Cartier lighter refills, I had them confiscated at the airport just before boarding because the gas might be dangerous in the air.

Now, two months before a trip, I stop talking to people so they won’t suspect I’m about to travel. But someone always catches me.” I’ve heard you’re going to New York, and I want you to get something for me. It’s just a little thing you can find anywhere. I don’t know exactly how much it costs, but it shouldn’t be much. We’ll settle up when you get back”.

What Gilson asked me to buy was, in fact a little thing: a tie. But not just any tie. He wanted a tie with a small embroidered G. Any colour would do, as long as it had his initial. Look , this is a special flight, I explained . We are only staying Saturday through Tuesday. On the day we arrived I didn’t have time to think about the tie, but strolling around on Sunday I did see ties bearing various letters in more than one shop window. They were cheap, just a dollar, but all the shops were closed.

On Monday, lunch lasted the whole afternoon. Then it was Tuesday morning, time to leave. It was only when I saw our airport bus waiting outside the hotel that I remembered the tie. I told the group to go on. I would get a taxi to the airport. And so I went in search of a nearby shop where I had seen ties.

But I couldn’t find it. I walked further down the street-one, two, three blocks – all in vain. Back at the hotel, a bit anxious now, I took my suitcase, got a taxi and asked the driver to rush to the street where I had seen them. The driver stopped at each shop we passed so I could look from the window.

The stores had all sorts of ties, but not the kind I was looking for. When I finally thought I had located the right shop, I decided to go in and check. The driver refused to wait. Parking was prohibited, he said. I promised to double the fare, jumped out and ran into the shop. Was I going to miss the plane just for a damned tie?

The salesman was unbearably slow. When I realized that the smallest change I had was a ten dollar note , I grabbed ten ties of different colours so I wouldn’t have to wait for change. I rushed out with the ties in a paper bag. On the street I looked around. The taxi had vanished, taking my suitcase. What is more, I was going to miss the plane.

I ran to the comer, and hope flared up again: the taxi was waiting in the next street. Quick to the airport! As I settled down inside the taxi. I sighed with relief. Gilson was going to have enough initialized ties to last him a lifetime.

When I reached the airport, I paid the taxi driver the double fare and grabbed my suitcase. Panting, I boarded the plane under the reproachful gaze of the other passengers, all primly seated with their seat belts fastened. Ready to take off. Departure had been delayed because of me.
“At least I hope you found your tie”, said one who knew the story.
“I did”, I answered triumphantly.
After making myself comfortable, I reached for the paper bag to show the ties.
I had left it behind; in the taxi.

Question 1.
What was the writer always asked to do whenever he planned to go abroad?
Answer:
Whenever the writer planned to go abroad, he was always asked to buy something or the other like a vaccine for a course, a special brand of ceramic paint, Cartier lighter refills and so on.

Question 2.
What did Gilson want the writer to bring for him?
Answer:
Gilson wanted the writer to bring a tie with a small embroidered G on it.

Question 3.
When did the writer remember the fact that he had to buy something for Mr. Gilson? The writer remembered the fact that he had to buy
Answer:
something for Mr. Gilson only on Tuesday when it was time to leave.

Question 4.
Why were the other passengers in the flight gazing at the writer?
Answer:
The other passengers in the flight gazed at the writer since the flight was delayed because of him.

Question 5.
What is the humour element in the above incident?
Answer:
The humour element in the above accident is that after all the frantic search for the tie and purchasing ten of them to avoid the trouble of getting back the change, the writer had left it – behind in the taxi for which he had also paid double the fare.

I. Suggesting titles.
Title summarises the story. Each paragraph is a part of the story. Look at the following expressions and find out the paragraphs that best suit these expressions.

1. Oh, No! But it happens! Paragraph 1
2. Don’t let out your travelling dates Paragraph 2
3. Anyway, people will be people Paragraph 3
4. Search begins Paragraph 6
5. Things are not that easy Paragraph 7
6. Hurry invites worry Paragraph 10

J. Look at the following situations the writer was in. He could have avoided the situation and saved himself. Glance through the write up again and comment on what the writer should have done in the following situations.

1. Gilson asked the writer to bring a tie.
He should have politely refused stating it was a business trip.

2. On the day of arrival, the writer had no time to think about the tie.
The writer should not have felt guilty since he was busy.

3. The writer remembered about the tie when the bus was leaving for the airport.
He should have stopped being courteous and proceeded to the airport with others.

4. The writer walked down in search of the shop.
When he couldn’t find the shop with ties he was looking for, he should have not searched for it in other shops.

5. The writer rushed out with the tie in a paper bag.
The writer should have kept the paper bag inside his suitcase as soon as he got into the taxi.

K. State whether the following statements are true or false.

1. The narrator searched for three days to buy ceramic paint. [False]
2. The author was going to New York. [True]
3. Gilson asked the narrator to buy a tie. [True]
4. The taxi driver took away the narrator’s suitcase. [False]
5. Departure was delayed because of the author. [True]
6. The author left the ties in the taxi. [True]

M. Write a speech for your school Literary Association celebration with the given lead.

Writing:

Good morning to one and all present here, it is indeed my privilege to stand before you as the Secretary of the Literary Association. It was formed to stimulate and motivate the young minds to perform challenging activities and become good orators, dramatists, poets and also be short story writers. The purpose is mainly to enhance the literary, aesthetic and communicative skills among students. You are the pillars of the future society. The advancement of the society lies in your hands.

Communication skills is vital for the development of an individual or a society. Thereby, every year informative programmes are conducted to enhance the language skills and dramatic talents. Students are provided a platform to nurture and exhibit their innate potentials. We request you to unleash the hidden potentials and bring out the latent abilities. Explore the world around and experience a different environment. I am sure, each one of you will have a story to share about the learning experiences in this Literary Association. Wishing you a challenging journey for a lifetime experience. Thank you.

Grammar:

A. Na’garajan and Dhanalakshmi want to buy a new house. They have come to see a house for sale. Complete the conversation below by adding a, an or the.

Nagarajan : Well, here we are, No. 8, Kaveri Street. I think this is …………………. (a)…………… house we saw online. What do you think of ………….. (b) ………….. location?
Dhanalakshmi : It is in …………….. (c) ……………….. nice neighbourhood. And it’s close to the railway station.
Nagarajan : And …………….. (d) …………….. bus stop is not too far away
Dhanalakshmi : How many rooms are there?
Nagarajan : There are three rooms, ………………….. (e) kitchen and ……………….. (f) …………………balcony.
Dhanalakshmi : There is ………………….. (g) ………………. lawn behind ………….. (h) …………………. house, right?
Nagarajan That’s right …………….. (i) ……………….. lawn is actually quite large. Did you see any photos of ……………… (j) ……………….. living room, online? What does it look like?
Dhanalakshmi : …………………. (k) ………………… living room looks great. It looks bright and airy. It has …………………. (l) …………………. nice view of ………………… (m) ………………… hills. But …………….. (n) …………. kitchen looks ……………… (o) …………….. little small.
Nagarajan : And, I remember you said there isn’t …………… (p) ………….. store room, right?
Dhanalakshmi : No, but there is …………… (q) …………… attic, where we can store things.
Nagarajan : I hope this house is ……………(r) ……………. better option.
Dhanalakshmi : let’s wait for …………(s) ……………….. real estate agent. She said, she would be here at three o’clock.
Nagarajan : Look there she is!
Answers:
(a) the, (b) the, (c) a, (d) the, (e) a, (f) a, (g) a, (h) the, (i) The, (j) the, (k) The, (l) a, (m) The, (n) the, (o) a, (p) a, (q) an, (r) a, (s) the

B. Few articles are missing in the given passage. Edit the passage given below by adding suitable articles wherever necessary.

My neighbourhood is very interesting place. My house is located in apartment building downtown near many stores and offices. There is small supermarket across street, where * my family likes to go shopping. There is also post office and bank near our home. In our neighbourhood there is small, Green Park where my friends and I like to play on weekends and holidays. There is small pond near park and there are many ducks in park. We always have great time. In addition there is elementary school close to our home where my little brother studies in third grade. There are so many things to see and do in my neighbourhood that’s why I like it. It’s really great place.
Answer:
My neighbourhood is a very interesting place. My house is located in an apartment building downtown near many stores and offices. There is a small supermarket across the street, where my family likes to go shopping. There is also a post office and a bank near our home. In our neighbourhood there is a small, Green Park where my friends and I like to play on weekends and holidays. There is a small pond near the park and there are many ducks in the park. We always have a great time. In addition there is an elementary school close to our home where my little brother studies in third grade. There are so many things to see and do in my neighbourhood. That’s why I like it. It’s really a great place.

C. Refer to the dictionary to find out the meaning of the following prepositions and match them with the correct meaning.

D. Fill in the blanks by choosing the most appropriate prepositional phrase from the given options.

1. Everything falls to the ground …………………. earth’s gravitational pull.
(a) in addition to
(b) because of
(c) cause of
Answer:
(b) because of

2. The trial was conducted ………………. the procedure of law.
(a) in accordance with
(b) due to
(c) despite of
Answer:
(a) in accordance with

3. There is a temple right …………. my house.
(a) in back of
(b) apart from
(c) in front of
Answer:
(c) in front of

4. As a ……………….. of his hard work, he achieved the target.
(a) instead of
(b) result of
(c) apart from
Answer:
(b) result of

5. Failure is often the ………………. negligence.
(a) effect of
(b) consequence of
(c) reason of
Answer:
(b) consequence of

6. Children are given toys ………………. sweets on Children’s day.
(a) on top of
(b) in addition to
(c) due to
Answer:
(b) in addition to

7. The parents must be informed …………………… any indiscipline conduct of their wards.
(a) because of
(b) in case of
(c) in spite of
Answer:
(b) in case of

8. He didn’t turn up ……………………… his busy schedule.
(a) consequence of
(b) due to
(c) except for
Answer:
(b) due to

9. Global warming is ……………………. the green house emission.
(a) an effect of
(b) in spite of
(c) in addition to
Answer:
(a) an effect of

10. ……………… several warnings, he continued to swim.
(a) due to
(b) in spite of
(c) because of
Answer:
(b) in spite of

E. Edit the following passage by replacing the underlined incorrect words with correct prepositional phrases.
1. Janu is studying in class X. In the event of the teachers.
According to the teachers, Janu is studying in Class X.

2. she is a disciplined student. In addition to her poverty, she …………….. .
In spite of her poverty, she is a disciplined student.

3. is always neat. Many students like her in case of …………….. .
Because of her neatness, many students like her.

4. her simplicity. According to her studies, she also ………………. .
Apart from her studies, she is also known for her simplicity.

5. participates in sports. She gets on with everyone in case of ………….. .
She gets on with everyone in spite of her participation in sports.

6. age and gender in the school. In opposition to taking leave, she ensures …………….. .
Due to her opposition to take leave, she ensures her age and gender in the school.

7. that she completes the work given before she goes to school next day.
On account of completing the work given before, she goes to school the next day.

The Night the Ghost Got in by James Thurber:
James Thurber was born on December 8, 1894, in Columbus, Ohio. He was an American cartoonist, author, humourist, journalist, playwright, and celebrated wit. He worked for the New Yorker from 1927 to 1933 and continued contributing stories and drawings to it for the rest of his life, becoming one of America’s most treasured humourists. He was best known for, “The Catbird Seat”. As the sight in Thurber’s good eye failed, his literary production dwindled. Thurber fell into alcoholism in his later years and died of pneumonia following a stroke on November 2, 1961.

The Night the Ghost Got in Summary:

Introduction:
Imagination of odd things leads to absolute humourous drama making everybody confused. This story makes us laugh at the confused family members whose imagination creates a chaos ultimately for nothing that made everyone spend a sleepless night. Let us enjoy the sequence that happened inside a house due to each persons’ different imaginations.

Confusion over foot steps:
The narrator, James Thurber, comes out of his bathtub in the bathroom at 1:15 a.m. in the morning, on November 17th, 1915 and hears footsteps going round and round the dining room, downstairs. At first, James thinks the footsteps might belong to his father and brother Roy, who had been traveling in Indianapolis and were supposed to be back late in the evening. James quickly realizes that it isn’t his father and brother.

Brother Herman Wakes Up
After a few minutes, he fears something strange and goes to wake up his brother, Herman. Waking up all of a sudden in the middle of the night, Herman is frightened to know of someone downstairs as stated by his brother. He goes back to bed, slamming the door.

Mother’s fear for Burglar’s
The slamming of the door makes their mother come out of her room. The mother asks them about the footsteps she has heard and then comes to the conclusion that there are burglars inside their house.

Agitated neighbours
As the telephone is in the dining area, she plans to contact the police through her neighbour and throws a shoe through the window of the Bodwell’s. They are cross with her behavior. However, Mr.Bodwell mistakes for burglars in his house. The confusion is cleared and he calls the police and tells them about the burglars in Thurber house.

Arrival of Police
A whole lot of police in a Ford Sedan, two on motorcycles, and a patrol wagon with about eight policemen and a few reporters creates more chaos and confusion. They call out for the inmates and when no one responds, they break in. They find the narrator upstairs with a towel round his waist and the mother who is certain of burglars in the house. Though all doors and windows are bolted from inside, to justify their trip, the police set about searching the house, moving furniture and cleaning closets.

Police are suspicious
At one point, a policeman’s inquisitiveness gets the best of him, and he points out a rare old musical instrument, a zither, to another officer. The narrator adds to the confusion with the inadequate information about the family’s old guinea pig which used to sleep on the zither. The police are suspicious of this strange family.

Grandfather’s obsession
Just when the police decide to retire, the narrator’s grandfather sleeping in the attic makes a slight noise and the policemen spring into action. They race upstairs to catch the culprit. The narrator knows that this will lead to worry because his grandfather thinks that the Civil War is still going on. Grandfather is obsessed with the retreat of the army under General George Meade. When the policemen arrive at his door, he is convinced that they are Meade’s army. He calls them cowards and tells them to go back to the battle.

Grandpa shoots a Policeman
Grandpa slaps one of the policemen across the back of the head, sending him to the floor and as the others leave their fallen companion and run away, he takes the man’s gun from his holster and shoots at him, hitting him in the shoulder. He fires twice more and then goes back to bed. Back downstairs, the police are upset that there is nobody to arrest, but they are not willing to go back to the attic and risk being shot at. The wounded officer’s shoulder is bandaged and they start looking around the house \ again.

Reporter gazes at narrator’s stupidity
A reporter approaches the narrator who is wearing one of his mother’s outfit since he doesn’t find his nightdress. When the reporter asks him about the commotion, the narrator admits the presence of ghosts in the house. It is indeed a comedy, when the narrator’s mother is informed about Grandfather shooting a policeman and she is concerned about a nice-looking young man being shot at.

Unraveled Mystery
The next morning, the grandfather comes down for breakfast looking cheery. James, Herman, and their mother all think that the grandfather has forgotten the whole scene. However, the story ends with the grandfather asking, with a smirk on his face, what on earth the police had been doing raiding the house the night before. He chided them that none of them left a bottle beside his head and told them that they did not realize how hard it was for a thirsty man to look for water in the dining room. Now the family had him there; it was the grandpa who was going around the dining room last night.

Conclusion:
This story thus ended as a humourous drama, each one assuming that there is a ghost, a burglar and Meade’s army men inside the house. Author has sequenced the scenes as a lively comedy show that one will roar with laughter at the stupidity of each person in the story.

The Night the Ghost Got in Glossary:
Textual:

Additional:

Synonyms:

Choose the most appropriate synonym of the underlined word.

1. ‘Burglars!’ she shouted, intuitively.
(a) intentionally
(b) thoughtfully
(c) knowingly
(d) instinctively
Answer:
(d) instinctively

2. ‘He thinks you’re deserter.’
(a) absconder
(b) camel
(c) convict
(d) dessert-monger
Answer:
(a) absconder

3. ‘Nothing.’ he said, gruffly.
(a) sadly
(b) grievously
(c) angrily
(d) carefully
Answer:
(c) angrily

4. ‘Open up!’ cried a hoarse voice.
(a) sharp
(b) haughty
(c) soft
(d) trough
Answer:
(d) rough

5. ‘What’s that?’ snapped Joe.
(a) retorted
(b) smiled
(c) mocked
(d) photographed
Answer:
(a) retorted

6. A board creaked, when it was trod upon.
(a) weary
(b) worn
(c) walked
(d) opened
Answer:
(c) walked

7. A half-dozen policemen emerged out of the darkness.
(a) appeared
(b) exit
(c) charged
(d) jumped
Answer:
(a) appeared

8. A reporter, a thin-faced, wispy man, came up to me.
(a) considerable
(b) significant
(c) substantial
(d) delicate
Answer:
(d) delicate

9. Before I could intervene, the cops were in the attic.
(a) interfere
(b) interrogate
(c) instigate
(d) investigate
Answer:
(a) interfere

10. Finally the cops broke the thick bevelled glass.
(a) rough
(b) thin
(c) oblique
(d) hovelled
Answer:
(c) oblique

11. Five or six cops sprang for the attic door.
(a) leaped
(b) water
(c) spring
(d) sprout
Answer:
(a) leaped

12. Flashlights shot streaks of gleam up and down the walls.
(a) glows
(b) signals
(c) strains
(d) splashes
Answer:
(d) splashes

13. Glass tinkled into the bedroom.
(a) jingled
(b) placed
(e) tinged
(d) sparked
Answer:
(a) jingled

14. Grandfather had evidently jumped to a conclusion.
(a) immediately
(b) earnestly
(c) obviously
(d) drastically
Answer:
(c) obviously

15. He gazed at me a long time.
(a) gawked
(b) stared
(c) glared
(d) shouted
Answer:
(b) stared

16. Herman looked at me in some alarm.
(a) apprehension
(b) excitement
(c) intuition
(d) bell
Answer:
(a) apprehension

17. Herman rushed to his room’and slammed the door.
(a) altered
(b) banged
(c) sliced
(d) dug
Answer:
(b) banged

18. Herman ventured out of his room.
(a) volunteered
(b) venerated
(c) visioned
(d) vagaries
Answer:
(a) volunteered

19. I can see their viewpoint – phony.
(a) deceptive
(b) sounding
(c) clear
(d) phonetic
Answer:
(a) deceptive

20. T could hear a rending of wood.
(a) shredding
(b) breaking
(c) rubbing
(d) rushing
Answer:
(a) shredding

21. I could see the faint shine of plates on the plate-rail.
(a) tired
(b) feeble
(c) weary
(d) track
Answer:
(b) feeble

22. I gripped his arm.
(a) cut
(b) grieved
(c) grasped
(d) damaged
Answer:
(c) grasped

23. I prevented her.
(a) legitimate
(b) prohibited
(c) presumed
(d) deserted
Answer:
(b) prohibited

24. I suspected next that it was a burglar.
(a) alerted
(b) blamed
(c) called
(d) doubted
Answer:
(d) doubted

25. Instantly the steps began again.
(a) blatantly
(b) callously
(c) suddenly
(d) definitely
Answer:
(c) suddenly

Antonyms:

Choose the most appropriate antonym of the underlined word.

1. Imagination of odd things always leads to absolute humour.
(a) tragedy
(b) beauty
(c) comedy
(d) danger
Answer:
(a) tragedy

2. The ghost raised such a hullabaloo of misunderstandings.
(a) misinterpretation
(b) calculations
(c) silence
(d) tumult
Answer:
(c) silence

3. Its advent caused my mother to throw a shoe.
(a) initiation
(b) departure
(c) calmness
(d) dawn
Answer:
(b) departure

4. They began about a quarter past one o’clock in the morning.
(a) started
(b) culminated
(c) culminated
(d) brought
Answer:
(b) culminated

5. My mother was asleep in one room upstairs.
(a) lethargic
(b) brimming
(c) awake
(d) dozing
Answer:
(c) awake

6. The old walnut bed, you will remember, fell on my father.
(a) agree
(b) blame
(c) forget
(d) daring
Answer:
(c) forget

7. They were the steps of a man walking rapidly.
(a) forcibly
(b) speedily
(c) hurriedly
(d) leisurely
Answer:
(d) leisurely

8. The steps kept going round and round at regular intervals.
(a) unvarying
(b) irregular
(c) consistent
(d) reckless
Answer:
(b) irregular

9. It did not enter my mind until later that it was a ghost.
(a) fixture
(b) earlier
(c) advanced
(d) latter
Answer:
(b) earlier

10. The steps had ceased.
(a) stopped
(b) seized
(c) begun
(d) terminated
Answer:
(c) begun

11. The slamming of the doors had aroused mother.
(a) dampened
(b) below
(c) above
(d) finite
Answer:
(a) dampened

12. ‘What was all that running around downstairs?’ said mother.
(a) stairway
(b) attic
(c) dining
(d) upstairs
Answer:
(d) upstairs

13. Bodwell was subject to mild ‘attacks’.
(a) trivial
(b) serious
(c) insignificant
(d) meagre
Answer:
(b) serious

14. The police were on hand in a commendably short time.
(a) laudably
(b) outrageously
(c) committedly
(d) admirably
Answer:
(b) outrageously

15. They came in a patrol wagon with a few reporters.
(a) meagre
(b) limited
(c) many
(d) scarce
Answer:
(c) many

16. Finally the cops put their shoulders to our big heavy front door.
(a) light
(b) substantial
(c) hefty
(d) dense
Answer:
(a) light

17. He believed that General Meade’s men, were beginning to retreat.
(a) rejoice
(b) advance
(c) evacuation
(d) withdrawal
Answer:
(b) advance

18. The; cops were reluctant to leave.
(a) indisposed
(b) settle
(c) keen
(d) lazy
Answer:
(c) keen

19. The night had been distinctly a defeat for them.
(a) victory
(b) setback
(c) conquest
(d) destiny
Answer:
(a) victory

20. The reporter was a thin-faced, wispy man.
(a) fine
(b) flimsy
(c) thin
(d) substantial
Answer:
(d) substantial

We hope the data given here will benefit you to the fullest extent at the time of preparation. For better understanding of English subject this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions for Class 10th English Prose Chapter 2 The Night the Ghost Got in PDF is the best resource. Download & ace up your preparation. Keep in touch with us and get the latest information on Tamilnadu State board Textbook Solutions PDF.

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.12

10th Maths Exercise 3.12 Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
If the difference between a number and its reciprocal is \(\frac{24}{5}\), find the number.
Solution:
Let a number be x.
Its reciprocal is \(\frac{1}{x}\)
\(x-\frac{1}{x}=\frac{24}{5}\)
\(\frac{x^{2}-1}{x}=\frac{24}{5}\)
5x² – 5 -24x = 0 ⇒ 5x² – 24x – 5 = 0
5x² – 25x + x – 5 = 0
5x(x – 5) + 1 (x – 5) = 0
(5x + 1)(x – 5) = 0
x = \(\frac{-1}{5}\), 5
∴ The number is \(\frac{-1}{5}\) or 5.

Ex 3.12 Class 10 Samacheer Question 2.
A garden measuring 12m by 16m is to have a pedestrian pathway that is ‘w’ meters wide installed all the way around so that it increases the total area to 285 m². What is the width of the pathway?
Solution:
Area of ABCD = 16 × 12 ²
= 192 m²
Area of A’B’C’D’ (12 + 2w)(16 + 2w)
192 + 32 w + 24 w + 4 w² = 285

4w² + 56w – 93 = 0
4w² + 62w – 6w – 93 = 0
2w(2w + 31) – 3(2w + 31) = 0
(2w – 3)(2w + 31) = 0
w = 1.5 or \(\frac{-31}{2}\) = 15.5
w = – 15.5 cannot possible 3
∴ w = \(\frac{3}{2}\) = 1.5 m
(w cannot be (-ve))
The width of the pathway = 1.5 m.

Exercise 3.12 Class 10 Samacheer Question 3.
A bus covers a distance of 90 km at a uniform speed. Had the speed been 15 km/hour more it would have taken 30 minutes less for the journey. Find the original speed of the bus.
Solution:
Let x km/hr be the constant speed of the bus.
The time taken to cover 90 km = \(\frac{90}{x}\) hrs.
When the speed is increased bus 15 km/hr.
= \(\frac{90}{x+15}\)
It is given that the time to cover 90 km is reduced by \(\frac{1}{2}\) hrs.


The speed of the bus cannot be -ve value.
∴ The original speed of the bus is 45 km/hr.

10th Maths Exercise 3.12 Question 4.
A girl is twice as old as her sister. Five years hence, the product of their ages (in years) will be 375. Find their present ages.
Solution:
Let the age of the girl be = 2y years
Her sister’s age is = y years
(2y + 5)(y + 5) = 375
2y² + 5y+ 10y + 25 – 375 = 0
2y² + 15y – 350 = 0

y = 10, y cannot be (-ve).
∴ Girls age is 2y = 20 years.
Her sister’s age = y = 10 years.

10th Maths Exercise 3.12 Solution Question 5.
A pole has to be erected at a point on the T boundary of a circular ground of diameter j 20 m in such a way that the difference of its i distances from two diametrically opposite j fixed gates P and Q on the boundary is 4 m. Is i it possible to do so? If answer is yes at what j distance from the two gates should the pole j be erected?
Solution:
PQ = 20 m
PX – XQ = 4 m …………… (1)

Squaring both sides,
PX² + XQ² – 2PX . QX = 16 (∵ ∠Q × p = 90°)
PQ² – 2P × QX = 16
400 – 16 = 2PX × QX
384 = 2PX – QX
PX . QX = 192
∴ (PX + QX)² = PX² + QX² + 2PX . QX
= 400 + 2 × 192
= 784 = 28²
∴ PX + QX = 28
From (1) & (2) 2PX = 32 ⇒ PX = 16 m QX = 12 m
∴Yes, the distance from the two gates to the pole PX and QX is 12 m, 16m.

Exercise 3.12 Question 6.
From a group of black bees 2x², square root of half of the group went to a tree. Again eight- ninth of the bees went to the same tree. The remaining two got caught up in a fragrant lotus. How many bees were there in total?
Solution:
Total no. of bees = 2x²

18x² – 9x – 16x² = 2 × 9
2x² – 9x – 18 = 0
(x – 6)(2x + 3) = 0
x = 6, x = \(\frac{-3}{2}\) (it is not possible)
No. of bees in total = 2x²
= 2 × 6² = 72

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 10th Maths Question 7.
Music is been played in two opposite galleries with certain group of people. In the first gallery a group of 4 singers were singing and in the second gallery 9 singers were singing. The two galleries are separated by the distance of 70 m. Where should a person stand for hearing the same intensity of the singers voice? (Hint: The ratio of the sound intensity is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding distances).
Solution:
Let the person stand at a distance ‘d’ from 2nd gallery having 9 singers.

Given that ratio of sound intensity is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding distance.
∴ \(\frac{9}{4}=\frac{d^{2}}{(70-d)^{2}}\)
4d² = 9(70 – d)²
4d² = 9(70² – 140d + d²)
4d² = 9 × 70² – 9 × 140d + 9d²
∴ 5d² – 9 × 140d + 9 × 70² = 0
5d² = 1260d + 44100 = 0
d² – 252d + 8820 = 0

= \(\frac{420}{2} \text { or } \frac{84}{2}\)
= 120 or 42
∴ The person stand at a distance 28m from the first and 42 m from second gallery.

10th Maths Exercise 3.12 9th Sum Question 8.
There is a square field whose side is 10 m. A square flower bed is prepared in its centre leaving a gravel path all round the flower bed. The total cost of laying the flower bed and gravelling the path at ₹ 3 and ₹ 4 per square metre respectively is ₹364. Find the width of the gravel path.
Solution:

Area of the flower bed = a²
Area of the gravel path = 100 – a²
Area of total garden =100
given cost of flower bed + gravelling = ₹ 364
3a² + 4 (100 – a²) = ₹ 364
3a² + 400 – 4a² = 364
∴ a² = 400 – 364
= 36 ⇒ a = 6
width of gravel path =\(\frac{10-6}{2}=\frac{4}{2}\) = 2 cm

10th Maths Exercise 3.12 In Tamil Question 9.
Two women together took 100 eggs to a market, one had more than the other. Both sold them for the same sum of money. The first then said to the second: “If I had your eggs, I would have earned ₹ 15”, to which the second replied: “If I had your eggs, I would have earned ₹ 6 \(\frac { 2 }{ 3 } \)”. How many eggs did each had in the beginning? Answer:
Number of eggs for the first women be ‘x’
Let the selling price of each women be ‘y’
Selling price of one egg for the first women = \(\frac { y }{ 100-x } \)
By the given condition
(100 – x) \(\frac { y }{ x } \) = 15 (for first women)
y = \(\frac { 15 }{ 100-x } \) ……(1)
x × \(\frac { y }{ (100-x) } \) = \(\frac { 20 }{ 3 } \) [For second women]
y = \(\frac { 20(100-x) }{ 3x } \) ……..(2)
From (1) and (2) We get
\(\frac { 15 }{ 100-x } \) = \(\frac { 20(100-x) }{ 3x } \)
45x² = 20(100 – x)²
(100 – x)² = \(\frac{45 x^{2}}{20}\) = \(\frac { 9 }{ 4 } \) x²
∴ 100 – x = \(\sqrt{\frac{9}{4} x^{2}}\)
100 – x = \(\frac { 3x }{ 2 } \)
3x = 2(100 – x)
3x = 200 – 2x
3x + 2x = 200 ⇒ 5x = 200
x = \(\frac { 200 }{ 5 } \) ⇒ x = 40
Number of eggs with the first women = 40
Number of eggs with the second women = (100 – 40) = 60

Samacheer Kalvi.Guru 10th Maths Question 10.
The hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is 25 cm and its perimeter 56 cm. Find the length of the smallest side.
Solution:

AB + BC + CA = 56 cm
AC = 25 cm
AB + BC = 56 – 25 = 31
AB² + BC² = AC²
(AB + BC)² – 2AB . BC = AC2 [∵ a² + b² = (a + b)² – 2ab]
31² – 2AB . BC = 25²
-2AB . BC = 625 – 961


∴ The length of the smallest side is 7 cm.

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All these concepts of Chapter 1 Laws of Motion are explained very conceptually by the subject teachers in Tamilnadu State Board Solutions PDF as per the prescribed Syllabus & guidelines. You can download Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Book Solutions Chapter 1 Laws of Motion State Board Pdf for free from the available links. Go ahead and get Tamilnadu State Board Class 10th Science Solutions of Chapter 1 Laws of Motion.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Solutions Chapter 3 Thermal Physics

Kickstart your preparation by using this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for Class 10th Science Chapter 3 Thermal Physics Questions and Answers and get the max score in the exams. You can cover all the topics of Chapter 3 easily after studying the Tamilnadu State Board Class 10th Science Textbook solutions pdf. Download the Tamilnadu State Board Science Chapter 3 Thermal Physics solutions of Class 10th by accessing the links provided here and ace up your preparation.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Thermal Physics Textual Solved Problems

Thermal Physics Class 10 Question 1.
A container whose capacity is 70 ml is filled with a liquid up to 50 ml. Then, the liquid in the container is heated. Initially, the level of the liquid falls from 50 ml to 48.5 ml. Then we heat more, the level of the liquid rises to 51.2 ml. Find the apparent and real expansion.
Answer:
Level of the liquid L₁ = 50 ml
Level of the liquid L₂ = 48.5 ml
Level of the liquid L₃ = 51.2 ml
Apparent expansion = L₃ – L₁ = 51.2 ml – 50 ml = 1.2 ml
Real expansion = L₃ – L₁ = 51.2 ml – 48.5 ml = 2.7 ml
So, Real expansion > apparent expansion.

10th Science Thermal Physics Question 2.
Keeping the temperature as constant, gas is compressed four times of its initial pressure. The volume of gas in the container changing from 20 cc (V₁ cc) to V₂ cc. Find the final volume V₂.
Answer:
Initial pressure (P₁) = P
Final Pressure (P₂) = 4P
Initial volume (V₁) = 20 cc = 20 cm³
Final volume (V₂) = ?
Using Boyle’s Law, PV = constant
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
\(\mathrm{V}_{2}=\frac{\mathrm{P}_{1}}{\mathrm{P}_{2}} \times \mathrm{V}_{1}=\frac{\mathrm{P}}{4 \mathrm{P}} \times 20 \mathrm{cm}^{3}\)
V₂ = 5 cm³.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Thermal Physics Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answer

Thermal Physics Class 10 Book Back Answers Question 1.
The value of universal gas constant ______.
(a) 3.81 mol^-1 KJ^-1
(b) 8.03 J mol^-1 K^-1
(c) 1.38 mol^-1 KJ^-1
(d) 8.31 J mol^-1 K^-1.
Answer:
(d) 8.31 J mol^-1 K^-1.
Hint: Universal gas constant has a fixed value of 8.31 J mol^-1 K^-1.

Thermal Physics One Mark Questions And Answers Question 2.
If a substance is heated or cooled, the change in mass of that substance is _____.
(a) positive
(b) negative
(c) zero
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(c) zero
Hint: Mass is always conserved during any change as the transmission of heat either cooling or heating.

10th Science Thermal Physics Book Back Answers Question 3.
If a substance is heated or cooled, the linear expansion occurs along the axis of:
(a) X or -X
(b) Y or -Y
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) (a) or (b)
Answer:
(a) X or -X

Science Solution Class 10 Samacheer Kalvi Question 4.
Temperature is the average _____ of the molecules of a substance?
(a) the difference in K.E and P.E.
(b) the sum of P.E and K.E.
(c) the difference in T.E and P.E.
(d) the difference in K.E and T.E.
Answer:
(c) the difference in T.E and P.E.
Hint: As total energy of a substance is equal to the sum of the K.E, and P.E of atoms (or) molecules
Temperature is equal to the average KE of molecules
K.E = T.E – P.E.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Solution Book Question 5.
In the Given diagram, the possible direction of heat energy transformation is _____.

(a) A ← B, A ← C, B ← C
(b) A → B, A → C, B → C
(c) A → B, A ← C, B → C
(d) A ← B, A → C, B ← C.
Answer:
(a) A ← B, A ← C, B ← C
Hint: Heat energy flows from a system of higher to lower temperature.
So the heat will flow towards lowest temperature A. i.e., B → A & C → A as the temperature of C is more than B.
The heat will flow C → B.

II. Fill in the blanks

Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Answers Question 1.
The value of Avogadro number _____.
Answer:
6.023 × 10²³ / mol.

Question 2.
The temperature and heat are _____ quantities.
Answer:
Scalar.

Question 3.
One calorie is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of _____ of water through ____.
Answer:
1 gram, 1°C.

Question 4.
According to Boyle’s law, the shape of the graph between pressure and reciprocal of the volume is ______.
Answer:
Straight line.

III. State whether the following statements are true or false. if false explain why?

Question 1.
For a given heat in liquid, the apparent expansion is more than that of real expansion.
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: When the liquid is heated in a container, first heat is gained by container which expands and level of liquid goes down, but immediately liquid receives the heat from container so apparent expansion is liquid.
Real expansion = Expansion of container + Apparent expansion

Question 2.
Thermal energy always flows from a system at a higher temperature to a system at a lower temperature.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
According to Charles’s law, at constant pressure, the temperature is inversely proportional to volume.
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: According to Charle’s law at constant pressure (P), the volume of gas is directly proportional to absolute temperature.
V ∝ T
(or)
T ∝ V.

IV. Match the items in column-I to the items in column-II

Question 1.

Column-I	Column-II
1. Linear expansion	(a) change in volume
2. Superficial expansion	(b) hot body to cold body
3. Cubical expansion	(c) 1.381 × 10-23 JK-1
4. Heat transformation	(d) change in length
5. Boltzmann constant	(e) change in an area

Answer:
1. (d) change in length
2. (e) change in the area
3. (a) change in volume
4. (b) hot body to cold body
5. (c) 1.381 × 10^-23 JK^-1

V. Assertion and Reason Type Questions

(a) Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both the assertion and the reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false but the reason is true.

Question 1.
Assertion: There are no effects on other ends when the end of the rod is only heated.
Reason: Heat always flows from a region of lower temperature to higher temperature of the rod.
Answer:
(c) The assertion is true but the reason is false.
Correct Reason: Heat always flows from a region of higher temperature to lower the temperature of the rod.

Question 2.
Assertion: Gas is highly compressible than solid and liquid
Reason: Interatomic or intermolecular distance in the gas is comparably high.
Answer:
(a) Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

VI. Answer in Briefly

Question 1.
Define one calorie.
Answer:
One calorie is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1°C.

Question 2.
Distinguish between linear, cubical and superficial expansion.
Answer:

Linear expansion	Cubical expansion	Superficial expansion
When a body is heated or cooled, the length of the body changes due to change in its temperature.	If there is an increase in the volume of a solid body due to heating, it is called as cubical expansion.	If there is an increase in the area of a solid object due to heating, then the expansion is called superficial expansion.
The ratio of increase in the length of the body per degree rise in temperature to its unit length.	The ratio of increase in the volume of the body per degree rise in temperature to its unit volume is called a coefficient of cubical expansion.	The ratio of increase in the area of the body per degree rise in temperature to its unit area is called a coefficient of superficial expansion.

Question 3.
What is co-efficient of cubical expansion?
Answer:
The ratio of increase in volume of the body per degree rise in temperature to its unit volume is called as coefficient of cubical expansion. This is also measured in K^-1.

Question 4.
State Boyle’s law.
Answer:
When the temperature of a gas is kept constant, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.
\(\mathrm{P} \propto \frac{1}{\mathrm{V}}\).

Question 5.
State-the law of volume.
Answer:
According to this law, When the pressure of gas is kept constant, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas.
V ∝ T
(OR)
\(\frac{V}{T}\) = constant

Question 6.
Distinguish between ideal gas and real gas.
Answer:

Ideal Gas	Real Gas
If the atoms or molecules of gas do not interact with each other then it is called as an ideal or perfect gas.	If the atoms or molecules of a gases interact with each other with a definite amount of intermolecular (or) interatomic force, then it is called as real gas.
At very high temperature (or) low pressure, a real gas behaves as an ideal gas, because there is no interatomic (or) Intermolecular force of attraction.	At very high temperature (or) low pressure, the interatomic (or) Intermolecular forces of attraction are weak in an ideal gas.

Question 7.
What is the co – efficient of real expansion?
Answer:
Coefficient of real expansion is defined as the ratio of the true rise in the volume of the liquid per degree rise in temperature to its unit volume.
The SI unit of coefficient of real expansion is K^-1.

Question 8.
What is co-efficient of apparent expansion?
Answer:
Coefficient of apparent expansion is defined as the ratio of the apparent rise in the volume of the liquid per degree rise in temperature to its unit volume. The SI unit of coefficient of apparent expansion is K^-1.

VII. Numerical Problems

Question 1.
Find the final temperature of a copper rod. Whose area of cross-section changes from 10 m² to 11 m² due to heating. The copper rod is initially kept at 90 K. (Coefficient of superficial expansion is 0.0021 K)?
Solution:
Given:
Area of copper rod A₀ = A₁ = 10 m2
Changes of area cross-section ∆A = A₂ – A₁ = 11 – 10 = 1 m²
Initial temperature t₁ = 90 K
∆T = t₂ – t₁ = t₂ – 90
Coefficient of superficial expansion α_A = 0.0021 / K Then t₂ = ?

Question 2.
Calculate the coefficient of cubical expansion of a zinc bar. Whose volume is increased 0. 25 m³ from 0.3 m³ due to the change in its temperature of 50 K?
Solution:
Given: α_v of Zn bar
Volume of zinc bar V₀ = V₁ = 0.3 m³
Change in volume ∆V = V₂ – V₁ = 0.25 – 0.30 = 0.05 m³
Change in temperature ∆T = 50K
Coefficient of cubical expansion α_v = ?
\(\alpha_{\mathrm{v}}=\frac{\Delta \mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{o}} \Delta \mathrm{T}}=\frac{0.05}{0.3 \times 50}=\frac{0.05}{15}\)
α_v = 0.0033 K^-1

VIII. Answer in Detail

Question 1.
Derive the ideal gas equation.
Answer:
The ideal gas equation is an equation, which relates all the properties of an ideal gas. An ideal gas obeys Boyle’s law and Charles’ law and Avogadro’s law.
According to Boyle’s law,
PV = constant ……. (1)
According to Charles’s law,
\(\frac { V }{ T }\) = constant ……. (2)
According to Avogadro’s law,
\(\frac { V }{ n }\) = constant ……. (3)
After combining equations (1), (2) and (3), you can get the following equation.
\(\frac { PV }{ nT }\) = constant ……. (4)
The above relation is called the combined law of gases. If you consider a gas, which contains μ moles of the gas, the number of atoms contained will be equal to p times the Avogadro number, NA
i.e. n = μN_A ……. (5)
Using equation (5), equation (4) can be written as
PV/ μN_AT = constant
The value of the constant in the above equation is taken to be k_B, which is called as Boltzmann constant (1.38 × 10^-23 JK^-1).
Hence, we have the following equation:
PV / μN_AT = k_B
PV = μN_Ak_BT
Here, μN_Ak_B = R, which is termed as universal gas constant whose value is 8.31 J mol^-1 K^-1.
PV = RT ……. (6)
The ideal gas equation is also called an equation of state because it gives the relation between the state variables and it is used to describe the state of any gas.

Question 2.
Explain the experiment of measuring the real and apparent expansion of a liquid with a neat diagram.
Answer:
(i) To start with, the liquid whose real and apparent expansion is to be determined is poured in a container up to a level. Mark this level as L₁.
(ii) Now, heat the container and the liquid using a burner as shown in the figure Initially, the container receives the thermal energy and it expands.
(iii) As a result, the volume of the liquid appears to have reduced. Mark this reduced level of liquid as L₂.

On further heating, the thermal energy supplied to the liquid through the container results in the expansion of the liquid. Hence, the level of liquid rises to L₃. Now, the difference between the levels L₁ and L₃ is called apparent expansion, and the difference between the levels L₂ and L₃ is called real expansion. The real expansion is always more than that of apparent expansion.
Real expansion = L₃ – L₂
Apparent expansion = L₃ – L₁.

IX. HOT Questions

Question 1.
If you keep ice at 0°C and water at 0°C in either of your hands, in which hand you will feel more chillness? Why?
Answer:
The hand having ice at 0°C will feel more chillness than of 0°C water.
Reason: The 0°C ice takes more heat from hand equal to mL, to convert 0°C Ice water, 0°C as compared to 0°C water of same mass. Hence m & L are the mass and latent heat of fusion of water respectively.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Thermal Physics Additional Questions

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1.
At constant temperature, the volume of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure is _____.
(a) Charle’s law
(b) Boyle’s law
(c) Avogadro’s law
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Boyle’s law
Hint: At constant temperature, only Boyle’s law is there.

Question 2.
The value of equivalent to 0°C on the absolute scale is:
(a) – 273 K
(b) OK
(c) 273 K
(d) 373 K
Answer:
(c) 273 K

Question 3.
At constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of gas is proportional to _____.
(a) temperature
(b) atmospheric pressure
(c) absolute temperature
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(a) temperature
Hint: Charle’s law gives the relation between V & T at constant pressure.

Question 4.
The value of absolute zero temperature is:
(a) 273° C
(b) 100° C
(c) 0° C
(d) -273° K
Answer:
(d) -273° K

Question 5.
The ratio of change in dimension to the original dimension per degree kelvin change in temperature is _____.
(a) coefficient of linear expansion
(b) coefficient of cubical expansion
(c) coefficient of thermal expansion
(d) coefficient of areal expansion.
Answer:
(c) coefficient of thermal expansion
Hint: Coefficient of linear expansion
\(=\frac{\text { Change in dimension }}{\text { Original dimension } \times \Delta \mathrm{T}}\).

Question 6.
The relation between Fahrenheit and Kelvin scales of temperature is:
(a) K = F × \(\frac{5}{9}\)
(b) K = F – C
(c) K = (F + 460) × \(\frac{9}{5}\)
(d) K = (F + 460) × \(\frac{5}{9}\)
Answer:
(d) K = (F + 460) × \(\frac{5}{9}\)

Question 7.
Increase in area per unit area at 0°C per degree rise in temperature is _____.
(a) coefficient of linear expansion.
(b) coefficient of superficial expansion.
(c) coefficient of cubical expansion.
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) coefficient of superficial expansion.
Hint: As the superficial expansion is directly proportional to the original area of sheet and rise in temperature.

Question 8.
Coefficient of linear expansion depends upon _____.
(a) pressure
(b) volume
(c) nature of material
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(c) nature of material
Hint: α of a material depend on nature of material of rod.

Question 9.
If the temperature is the effect then ……… is the cause.
(a) Energy
(b) Work
(c) Heat
(d) Mass
Answer:
(c) Heat

Question 10.
For the measurement heat in the body following one of these is used _____.
(a) thermometer
(b) calorimeter
(c) pressure gauge
(d) multimeter.
Answer:
(b) calorimeter
Hint: Heat of a body can be measured with the help of calorimeter.

Question 11.
Transfer of heat from the hot end to cold end with out-migration of a molecule of solid is called _____.
(a) convection
(b) conduction
(c) Radiation
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) conduction
Hint: Heat flows from without migration of particle is conduction.

Question 12.
Amount of heat required to convert 10 g of ice at 0°C, into water at same temperature is:
(a) 3000 J
(b) 336 J
(c) 300 J
(d) 3360 J
Answer:
(b) 336 J

Question 13.
Process of transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic wave (light) for which material medium not necessary is _____.
(a) conduction
(b) radiation
(c) convection
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) radiation
Hint: Heat can flow even in a vacuum (without medium) by radiation of electromagnetic wave.

Question 14.
When ice melts its volume:
(a) Increases
(b) Changes
(c) Decreases
(d) Remains same
Answer:
(c) Decreases

Question 15.
When 1 kg of water at 100°C is mixed with 1 kg of water at 65°C, the temperature of the mixture is:
(a) Less than 100°C
(b) Less 100°C
(c) Equal to 100°C
(d) Less than 100°C but more than 65°C
Answer:
(d) Less than 100°C but more than 65°C

II. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
_____ is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of ____ water through 1 kelvin.
Answer:
one kilocalorie, one kg.

Question 2.
A thermometer is used to measure _____.
Answer:
Temperature.

Question 3.
In _____ scale of temperature no negative value of temperature.
Answer:
Kelvin.

Question 4.
_____ is the substance whose physical property is utilised for measuring temperature.
Answer:
Thermometric substance.

Question 5.
_____ is that temperature attained by two bodies when they are brought in thermal contact with each other are in thermal equilibrium, is attained.
Answer:
Equilibrium Temperature.

Question 6.
The lowest temperature attainable according to Charle’s law is _____.
Answer:
-273°C.

Question 7.
The P.E. of molecules in ideal gas to _____.
Answer:
Zero.

Question 8.
The nature of graph of P versus \(\left(\frac{1}{V}\right)\) for the given mass of gas at constant temperature is _____.
Answer:
Straight line.

Question 9.
As K.E. of the gas increases then the _____ increases.
Answer:
Temperature.

Question 10.
As pressure on a gas increases the P.E. between molecules of gas _____.
Answer:
decreases.

Question 11.
The relation between N (no. of molecules), P, V & T is _____.
Answer:
\(\mathrm{N}=\frac{\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{B}} \mathrm{T}}{\mathrm{PV}}\).

Question 12.
H₂ gas can behave like an ideal gas at ______ pressure and _____ temperature.
Answer:
low, high.

III. True or False. If false correct it.

Question 1.
According to Avogadro’s law, equal volumes of all gases under same pressure have equal numbers of molecules.
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
Boltzmann’s constant k is equal to the product of universal gas constant R and Avogadro number (N_A)?
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: \(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{B}}=\frac{\mathrm{R}}{\mathrm{N}_{\mathrm{A}}}\)

Question 3.
Number of molecules N in gas is equal to the product of the number of mole (n) of gas and Avogadro’s number (N_A)?
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
A gas which obeys the relation PV = nRT at all temperature and pressure is called real gas.
Answer:
True.

Question 5.
If Q calorie heat is produced by spending mechanical work W then the mechanical equivalent of heat J = W × Q?
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: \(\mathrm{J}=\frac{\mathrm{W}}{\mathrm{Q}}\).

Question 6.
The S.I. unit of coefficient of thermal expansion is per kelvin.
Answer:
True.

Question 7.
The real expansion of a liquid is equal to the difference between apparent expansion and expansion of the vessel.
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: Real expansion = Apparent expansion + expansion of vessel.

IV. Match the following

Question 1.

1. Heat	(a) Joule
2. Thermometer	(b) Heating
3. The SI unit of heat	(c) Temperature
4. Cool a cup of coffee, adding cold milk	(d) Energy
5. gain by heat by a body	(e) thermal equilibrium

Answer:
1. (d) Energy
2. (c) Temperature
3. (a) Joule
4. (e) thermal equilibrium
5. (b) Heating

Question 2.

1. Boyle’s Law	(a) \(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{B}}=\frac{\mathrm{R}}{n}\)
2. Absolute Scale	(b) V ∝ t
3. Charle’s Law	(c) \(\mathrm{P} \propto \frac{1}{\mathrm{V}}\)
4. Boltzmann Constant	(d) V ∝ n
5. Avogadro’s Law	(e) 0 K (zero kelvin)

Answer:
1. (c) \(\mathrm{P} \propto \frac{1}{\mathrm{V}}\)
2. (e) 0 K (zero kelvin)
3. (b) V ∝ t
4. (a) \(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{B}}=\frac{\mathrm{R}}{n}\)
5. (d) V ∝ n

V. Assertion and Reasoning Type Questions

Mark the correct choice as
(a) Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both the assertion and the reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false but the reason is true.

Question 1.
Assertion: Good conductors of heat are also a good conductor of electricity and vice-versa
Reason: Mainly electrons are responsible for there conduction.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Question 2.
Assertion: Air at some distance above the fire is hotter than the same distance sidewise.
Reason: Air surrounding the fire carries heat upward due to conventional current.
Answer:
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Explanation: Quantity of heat by hot air due to hot conventional current upward is larger by heat side wise due to radiation.

Question 3.
Assertion: As the temperature of a gas increases the K.E of molecules increases, but P.E. decreases.
Reason: Due to the law of conservation of energy.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Question 4.
Assertion: Real expansion in liquids is always larger than apparent expansion.
Reason: Vessel of liquid expands 1st then the expansion of liquid in the vessel.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Question 5.
Assertion: There are no effects on other ends when one end of the rod is only heated.
Reason: Heat always flows from a region of higher temperature to lower the temperature of the rod.
Answer:
(d) An assertion is false but the reason is true.
Explanation: There are small effects forms on another end when one end of the rod is only heated.

VI. Short Answers.

Question 1.
What do you mean by triple point of water? Why it is unique?
Answer:
It is the temperature at which the three phases of water and gas of water are equally stable.

Question 2.
State the commonly used units of Temperature.
Answer:
The commonly used units of temperature are Kelvin, degree Celsius (°C) and degree Fahrenheit (°F).

Question 3.
Can the temperature of a body be negative on the kelvin scale?
Answer:
The temperature of a body can never be negative on kelvin. Because the lowest temperature on the Kelvin scale is 0 kelvin.

Question 4.
Do all solids expand on heating? If not give an example.
Answer:
All solid bodies do not expand on heating, semiconductor and camphor contracts on heating.

Question 5.
When are two physical bodies said to be in thermal equilibrium?
Answer:
Two or more physical systems or bodies are said to be in thermal equilibrium if there is no net flow of thermal energy between the systems.

Question 6.
Why does the solid expand on heating?
Answer:
When heat energy is supplied to a substance the E of molecule or atoms increases so the average distance between then increases. So the volume of matter (solid, liquid, gas) increases.

Question 7.
Why does a small gap is left between the iron rails on a railway track?
Answer:
Either due to temperature variation in summer and winter or due to frictional force between the wheel of train and rail, when the temperature increases the length of rail will increase and may bend in summer and the train may get derailed.

Question 8.
What is meant by Thermal energy?
Answer:
Thermal energy is a form of energy which is transferred between any two bodies due to the difference in their temperatures. Thermal energy is also known as ‘heat energy’ or simply ‘heat’.

Question 9.
Cooking gas containers are kept in lorry moving with uniform speed what will be the effect on the temperature of gas molecules?
Answer:
If the lorry is moving with uniform speed the speed of cooking gas molecules will also be uniform and the collisions will be least or loss of K.E will be least in turn increase in temperature will be less. If the lorry is not moving with uniform the cylinders and molecules collide more and more and their temperature may increase and can cause the fire in gas.

Question 10.
Define one Kilocalorie.
Answer:
One kilocalorie is defined as the amount of heat energy required to rise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water through 1°C.

Question 11.
At what temperature does all molecular motion cease? Explain.
Answer:
If molecular motion ceases then KE become zero and absolute scale of temperature is directly proportional to KE
T ∝ KE
µ KE = 0, T = 0 K
So at 0 – kelvin temperature motion of all molecules ceases.

Question 12.
Mention different types of expansion.
Answer:

1. Linear expansion
2. Superficial expansion
3. Cubical expansion

Question 13.
Differentiate between conduction, convection and radiation.
Answer:

Conduction	Convection	Radiation
Material medium is required.	Material medium is required.	Material medium is required.
It is due to the temperature difference.	It is due to density difference.	It occurs from all bodies above 0 K.
Heat flows from higher to lower temperature.	Heat flows from lower to higher density.	Heat flows from higher to lower temperature.
It heats up the medium.	It also heats up the medium.	It does not heat up the medium.
It is a slow process.	It is also a slow process.	It propagates with speed of light.
It does not obey the laws of refraction and reflection.	It also does not obey the laws of refraction and reflection.	It obeys the law of refraction and reflection.

Question 14.
Define co-efficient of linear expansion. State its unit.
Answer:
The ratio of increase in length of the body per degree rise in temperature to its unit length is called as the coefficient of linear expansion. The SI unit of Coefficient of Linear expansion is K^-1.

VII. Numerical Problems

Question 1.
At what temperature the value of Celcius and Fahrenheit scale coincide.
Solution:

Question 2.
A constant volume thermometer using the gas reads a pressure of 1.75 × 10⁴ Pa at normal freezing of water and reads 2.39 × 10⁴ pa at normal boiling point of water. Obtained from the observation the temperature of absolute zero on the Celcius scale.
Solution:
Let temperature on Kelvin scale of the freezing point of water = T₁K = 2.39 × 10⁴ Pa
Let temperature on Kelvin scale of a boiling point of water = T₂K = 1.75 × 10⁴ Pa
As volume is constant so by universal gas law.
PV = nRT as volume and mass of gas in thermometer constant,
so

Question 3.
Convert 323 K to °C.
Answer:
T = 323 K
T°C = 323 – 273
= 50°C
∴ 323 K = 50°C

Question 4.
If the volume of a block of metal changes by 12% when it is heated by 30°C. What is the coefficient of linear expansion, superficial expansion?
Solution:

Question 5.
If the volume of a metallic block increases by 0.12% when it is heated through 20°C, what is the coefficient of cubical expansion.
Answer:
\(\frac{ΔV}{V}\) = 0.12% = \(\frac{0.12}{100}\)
Change in temperature ΔT = 20°C
Coefficient of cubical expansion
α_V = \(\frac{ΔV}{VΔT}\)
= \(\frac{0.12}{100×20}\)
α_V = 6 × 10^-6/°C

VIII. Answer in Detail.

Question 1.
What are the characteristic feature of transfer of heat energy?
Answer:

1. Heat always flows from a system at higher temperature to a system at lower temperature.
2. The mass of a system is not altered when it is heated or cooled.
3. For any exchange of heat, the heat gained by the cold system is equal to heat lost by the hot system. Heat gained = Heat lost

Question 2.
In the upper atmosphere, the kinetic temperature of the air is of the order of 1000 K even then one feels severe cold in these places. Why?
Answer:
As we go at higher altitude the density of air decreases. So distances between molecules increases due to less number of collisions between them. Due to above reason speed of air molecules, the kinetic temperature is of order 1000 K but due to higher altitude, the temperature decreases as the radiation from earth takes longer distance.

IX. Conceptional or Hot Questions.

Question 1.
The earth without its atmosphere would be inhospitably cold why?
Answer:
The earth without its atmosphere would be inhospitably cold.

Question 2.
Why does the pendulum clock run slow in summer and fast in winter?
Answer:
As we know that time period of pendulum clock \(\mathrm{T}=2 \pi \sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{L}}{\mathrm{g}}}\) at a place g and 2π are constant. so \(\mathrm{T} \alpha \sqrt{\mathrm{L}}\)
The length of pendulum in summer increases so the time period of a pendulum is increased. So pendulum takes more time to complete one oscillation and the clock becomes slow in summer. Vice – versa in winter it becomes fast as a time period of a pendulum is decreased due to a decrease in length of a pendulum.

Question 3.
Can you boil water in a paper cup? Explain.
Answer:
Yes, we can boil water in the paper cup due to the following reason.

• Most type of paper bums at about 230°C.
• Water can pass at the bottom through pores of the paper.
• Hot water rises up due to hot conventional current and replaces the cold water.
• Water boils at 100°C.

The heat of bums warms the water which rises up in a cup, by replacing cold water so heat does not heat up the paper. So water boils in a cup of paper.

Question 4.
The surroundings above a fire is hotter than the surroundings below the fire. Why?
Answer:
Air surrounding the fire carries heat upwards.

Question 5.
Why do the ventilators provide near the ceiling of the classroom?
Answer:
The density of hot air is smaller than cold air, so it rises up near the ceiling where it passes out. through ventilators and the cold air from the window, orders fill up the place.
Like this cold and fresh air remain near the floor and hot air passes out from ventilators.

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.18

10th Maths Exercise 3.18 Answers Question 1.
If A is of order p × q and B is of order q × r what is the order of AB and BA?
Solution:
If A is of order p × q [∵ p × q q × r = p × r]
the order of AB = p × r [∵ q × r p × q = r ≠ p]
Product of BA cannot be defined/found as the number of columns in B ≠. The number of rows in A.

10th Maths Exercise 3.18 Question 2.
If A is of order p × q and B is of order q × r what is the order of AB and BA?
Answer:
Order of A = a × (a + 3)
Order of B = b × (17 – b)
Given: Product of AB exist
a + 3 = b
a – b = – 3 ….(1)
Product of BA exist
17 – b = a
– a – b = -17
a + b = 17 ………(2)
(1) + (2) ⇒ 2a = 14
a = \(\frac { 14 }{ 2 } \) = 7
Substitute the value of a = 7 in (1)
7 – b = -3 ⇒ -b = -3 -7
-b = -10 ⇒ b = 10
The value of b = 7 and b = 10

Ex 3.18 Class 10 Question 3.
Find the order of the product matrix AB if

Solution:

10th Maths Exercise 3.18 Samacheer Kalvi Question 4.
If A = \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}{2} & {5} \\ {4} & {3}\end{array}\right]\), B = \(\left[\begin{array}{cc}{1} & {-3} \\ {2} & {5}\end{array}\right]\) find AB, BA and check if AB = BA?
Solution:

Exercise 3.18 Class 10 Question 5.

Solution:

Ex 3.18 Class 10 Samacheer Question 6.
Show that the matrices A = \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}{1} & {2} \\ {3} & {1}\end{array}\right]\), B = \(\left[\begin{array}{cc}{1} & {-2} \\ {-3} & {1}\end{array}\right]\) satisfy commutative property AB = BA
Solution:

10th Maths Exercise 3.18 In Tamil Question 7.

(i) A(BC) = (AB)C
(ii) (A – B)C = (AC – BC)
(iii) (A- B)^T = A^T – B^T
Solution:
(i) A(BC) = (AB)C

10th New Syllabus Maths Exercise 3.18 Question 8.

Solution:

10th Maths Exercise 3.18 3rd Sum Question 9.

Solution:

10th Maths 3.18 Question 10.
Verify that A² = I when A = \(\left(\begin{array}{cc}{5} & {-4} \\ {6} & {-5}\end{array}\right)\)
Solution:

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Graph Question 11.

Solution:

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 10th Maths Question 12.

Solution:

Samacheerkalvi.Guru 10th Maths Question 13.
If A = \(\) show that A² – 5A + 7I₂ = 0.
Solution:

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Empowered Women Navigating The World warm up:

1 Read the statements given below and match the issues accordingly.

1. The marriage of a young girl below 18.
2. A transfer ofdurable goods/property that the bride’s family gives to the bridegroom as a condition of the marriage.
3. The intentional killing of a baby girl due to the preference for male babies in the family.
4. Repeated and unwelcome sexual comments, looks, or physical contact at work place made by men that could offend women.
5. A women deciding to remarry despite opposition from relatives /society.
6. Women excelling in many fields overcoming many hurdles.

Answer:

2. Discuss with your friend the role of a women in building a family. What are the roles played by her?
Answer:
Women are the forerunners of a nation. Indian culture attaches great importance to women. Women comprise half of world’s population. Women are the key to sustainable development and quality of life in the family. The varieties of role the women assume in the family are those of spouse, leader, manager, supervisor of family income and last but not the least important the role of a mother.

3. What do you think of the status of women in the modern society.
Answer:
Status of Indian Women has changed radically during the modem period. Both the structural and cultural changes provided equality of opportunities to women. With the help of these changes, exploitation of women, to a great extent was reduced. More freedom and better orientation were provided to the women’s organisation to pursue their interest in all fields.

4. Compare the status of women in the past with the present.
Answer:
Women of the past were generally the keeper of the home. She made the family’s clothes; provided meal and took care of the home needs. She catered to her children all of this by herself until the female children were old enough to be of use. She was more a husband’s slave. She had no power to decide and just obeyed her husband’s orders. But today the role in the family that women play is more so an equal partnership to the man. They both work together to make the family function. Many a times, it is a single mom trying to mn the household chores. She works outside the home and inside the home; feeds her children at home and does whatever she can. She plays the role of a mother and a father sometimes. She does take decisions for the welfare of her family.

5. What is the role of women in the modern society discuss.
Answer:
Now-a-days women have the freedom to be what they want to be, who they want to be and how they want to live. Never before, women had the degree of freedom and self-determination they are experiencing today in this modem society. Yet there are problems and obstacles to be overcome. Sometimes, one feels that the young women of yesterday were freed from a style that narrowed them in numerous ways, only to be forced into another style that confines them today. Women should be free to choose whatever career or lifestyle interests them. Women are surely accepted as our partners in life; our work place; and in our goals to survive and move on.

6. Divide the class into small groups, choose any one eminent women personality of the world. List out her characters. achievements, etc and speak a minute about her?
Answer:

Mother Teresa, the founder of the Order of the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic congregation of women dedicated her life to helping the poor.

In 1979 she received the Nobel Peace Prize for her humanitarian work. She died in September 1997 and was beatified in October 2003. In December 2015, Pope Francis recognized a second miracle attributed to Mother Teresa, clearing the way for her to be canonized on September 4, 2016. Considered one of the 20th Century’s greatest humanitarians, she was canonized as Saint Teresa of Calcutta in 2016.

Mother Teresa, a Nun and missionary known in the Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta, devoted her life to caring the sick and the poor. Mother Teresa was born on August 26, 1910, in Skopje, the current capital of the Republic of Macedonia. The following day, she was baptized as Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu.

She taught in India for 17 years having experienced her “call within a call” in 1946.

Sakshi Malik born on September 3, 1992, is an Indian wrestler who has won a bronze medal in the 58 Kg category at the 2016 Rio Summer Olympics. She has become the first female Indian wrestler who has bagged a medal at the Olympics. Apart from Olympics, Malik had participated and won a silver in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow and a bronze at the 2015 Asian Wrestling Championships in Doha.

Sakshi Malik hails from Mokhra village of Rohtak district in Haryana. Her father, Sukhbir Malik, is a bus conductor and her mother, Sudeh Malik, is a supervisor at a local health Anganwadi. She was inspired by her grandfather who was also a wrestler. Her wrestling training started when she was just 12. Her coach, Ishwar Dahiya trained her at Rohtak.

Malik is an employee of Indian Railways in its Delhi division and in the commercial department in the Northern Railway Zone. After she won a bronze medal in the Rio Olympics, she was promoted to gazetted officer rank from being a senior clerk at the Indian Railways. She has pursued her post-graduation in Physical Education from Maharshi Dayanand University in Rohtak.

Malik earned her first bronze medal in the 5 8 Kg freestyle event at the Junior World Championships in 2010. Her determination became stronger with this medal, which motivated her to win a gold in 60 Kg category at the 2014 Dave Schultz International Tournament. At the 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games, she came out with a bronze medal in the 60 Kg category at the 2015 Asian Championships in Doha, Qatar 2016 Rio Olympics.

Aung San Suu Kyi, also called Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, was born on June 19, 1945, Rangoon, Burma. She was a politician and opposition leader of Myanmar, daughter of Aung San and Khin Kyi and winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1991. She held multiple governmental posts since 2016, including that of state counselor, which essentially made her the de facto leader of the country.

Aung San Suu Kyi was two years old when her father, then the de facto prime minister of what would shortly become independent Burma, was assassinated. She attended schools in Burma until 1960, when her mother was appointed ambassador to India. After further study in India, she attended the University of Oxford, where she met her future husband, the British scholar Michael Aris. She and Aris had two children and lived a rather quiet life until 1988, when she returned to Burma to nurse her dying mother, leaving her husband and sons behind.

Suu Kyi was freed from house arrest in July 1995, although restrictions were placed on her ability to travel outside Yangon. In 2008 the conditions of her house arrest were somewhat loosened, allowing her to receive some magazines as well as letters from her children, who were both living abroad. In May 2009, shortly before her most recent sentence was to be completed, Suu Kyi was arrested and charged with having breached the terms of her house arrest after an intruder (a U.S. citizen) entered her house compound and spent two nights there.

In August she was convicted and sentenced to three years in prison, though the sentence immediately was reduced to 18 months, and she was allowed to serve it while remaining under house arrest. At the time of her conviction, the belief was widespread both within and outside M/anmar that this latest ruling was designed to prevent Suu Kyi from participating in multiparty parliamentary elections (the first since 1990) scheduled for 2010.

The daughter of a candid social activist and educator, Malala Yousafzai was an outstanding student. Her father, who established and administered Khushal Girls High School and College in the city of Mingora where she was educated, encouraged her to follow his path.

Malala Yousafzai was born on July 12, 1997, Mingora, Swat Valley in Pakistan. She gained global attention when she survived an assassination attempt at age 15. In 2014 Yousafzai and Kailash Satyarthi were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace on behalf of children’s rights.

On September 1, 2008, when Yousafzai was 11 years old, her father took her to a local press club in Peshawar to protest the school closings. Her first speech, “How Dare the Taliban Take Away My Basic Right to Education?” was publicized throughout Pakistan. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) approached Yousafzai’s father in search of someone who might blog for them about TTP me. Under the name Gul Makai, Yousafzai began writing regular entries for BBC Urdu about her daily life.

In October 2011 she was nominated by human rights activist Desmond Tutu for the International Children’s Peace Prize. In December of that year she was awarded Pakistan’s first National Youth Peace Prize later renamed the National Malala Peace Prize.

Empowered Women Navigating The World InText Questions

Empowered Women Navigating The World Question 1.
Wiyat does INSV stand for?
Answer:
INSV stands for Indian Naval Ship Vessel.

10th English Unit 3 Prose Question Answer Question 2.
When was INSV Tarini commissioned to Indian Navy service?
Answer:
INSV Tara-Tarini after undergoing extensive sea trials was commissioned to the Indian Navy service on 18th February, 2017.

Empowered Women Navigating The World Summary Question 3.
Who is Tara-Tarini? After whom was the sailboat named?
Answer:
INSV stands for Indian Naval Ship Vessel.
Tara-Tarini is the patron deity for sailors. The sailboat was named after the famous ‘Tara- Tarini’ temple in Ganjam district of Odisha.

10th English Unit 3 Prose Question 4.
Where did the crew undergo their basic training?
Answer:
The crew underwent their basic sail training courses in Mumbai at the Indian Naval Waterman ship Training Centre (INWTC), and at various schools in the southern naval base in Kochi. They even sailed on INSV Mhadei up and down to Mauritius in 2016 and 2017 and also to Cape Town in December 2016.

Empowered Woman Navigating The World Question 5.
How long were they trained to undertake this voyage?
Answer:
They were trained for almost three years to undertake this voyage.

Empowered Women Navigation The World Question 6.
Which skill was considered important in the selection process?
Answer:
Little survival skills we showcased was considered important in the selection process.

Empowered Women Navigating The World Paragraph Question 7.
Who mentored the crew?
Answer:
The crew was mentored by Commander Dilip Donde.

Question 8.
Which quality of the skipper helped to bring out a successful expedition?
Answer:
To complete the journey with ultimate honesty was the quality of skipper which helped to bring out a successful expedition. Rather than the destination, it was the journey which was the most important. So her contention was to make sure that they go by the rules of circumnavigation which say that one need not use any auxiliary means of repulsion and take anybody else’s assistance.

Question 9.
Who among the crew mentioned about teamwork?
Answer:
Among the crew, it was Payal Gupta who mentioned about teamwork.

Question 10.
When did they witness the brilliant southern lights from the sea? How did the sky appear there?
Answer:
When the crew was crossing the Tasman Sea, they witnessed the brilliant Southern Lights from sea. It was rare to watch that in those months, that too from sea. The entire sky was lit up in green light. There was bioluminescence, dolphins swimming in the wake of the boat like our neighbours and a variety of sea creatures.

Question 11.
What festival did they celebrate during their expedition?
Answer:
They celebrated Diwali during their expedition.

Empowered Women Navigating The World Textual Questions

A. Read the statements given below and state whether they are true or false. If false , then write the correct answer in the space given.

Question 1.
Indian Navy’s all-women crew was the first-ever to circumnavigate the globe.
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
The crew consists of six members of men and women Indian Navy service.
Answer:
False – The crew consisted of all women crew in Indian Navy Service.

Question 3.
Vartika Joshi skippered the crew to circumnavigate the globe.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
The crew started their expedition on 10 July 2017 from Mumbai.
Answer:
False – The crew started their expedition on 10 September, 2017 from Goa.

Question 5.
Dilip Donde was the first person to go on a non-stop solo circumnavigation.
True.

Additional Questions

Question 1.
Navika Sagar Parikrama was a project undertaken with the National policy to empower both men and women to attain their full potential.
Answer:
False – Navika Sagar Parikrama was a project undertaken with the National policy to empower women to attain their full potential.

Question 2.
In the North Pacific, the crew encountered a storm where the seas were almost nine to ten meters high and the winds were picking up to 60-70 knots.
Answer:
False – In the South Pacific, the crew encountered a storm where the seas were almost nine to ten meters high and the winds were picking up to 60-70 knots.

Question 3.
Team effort actually helped in navigating through the 20 hours long storm.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Two of the crew members were well acquainted with a sail boat or ocean-going boat.
Answer:
False – None of them were acquainted with a sail boat or ocean-going boat.

Question 5.
It covered the expedition in five legs with stop-overs at five ports.
Answer:
False – It covered the expedition in five legs with stop-overs only at four ports.

B. Answer the following questions briefly.

Question 1.
Mention the special features of INSV Tarini.
Answer:
INSV Tarini is the second sailboat of the Indian Navy. It is a 55 foot sailing vessel built indigenously in India by M/s Aquarius Shipyard Pvt. Ltd, located in Goa. After undergoing extensive sea trials, she was commissioned to the Indian Navy service.

Question 2.
What does the term circumnavigation mean?
Answer:
The term, circumnavigate means to travel all the way around something, especially the earth.

Question 3.
How did the all women Indian Navy crew go about their voyage?
Answer:
Indian Navy’s all-women crew was the first-ever to circumnavigate the globe. The crew started their voyage from Goa, flagged off by the Defence Minister of India, Nirmala Sitharaman. It – was a historic day, marked in navigation history, globally. It covered the expedition in five legs with stop-overs at four ports viz. Fremantle, Australia; Lyttelton, New Zealand; Port Stanley, the Falklands and Cape Town, South Africa for replenishment of ration and repair as necessary, before returning to Goa in April 2018. The six member women crew broke many stereotypes during their record-setting sail.

Question 4.
When did the crew start their voyage? When did they return back to India? How many days did it take to complete the expedition?
Answer:
The crew started their voyage on 10th September, 2017 from Goa. They returned back to India on 21st May, 2018. It took them 254 days to complete the expedition.

Question 5.
What sort of training did the crew undergo before their expedition?
Answer:
The crew started with some theoretical courses on navigation, communication and weather prediction. Classroom courses were different from sailing outside. So, they were given hands- on training, like, how to repair things and how to deal with emergencies, when the weather is rough, during medical needs and training needing tactical aspects as well. They underwent their basic sail training courses in Mumbai at the Indian Naval Waterman ship Training Centre (INWTC), and at various schools in the southern naval base in Kochi. They even sailed on INSV Mhadei to Mauritius in 2016 and 2017 and back and also to Cape Town in December 2016.

Question 6.
How did the crew members work as a team to make their expedition successful?
Answer:
The crew members have all sailed and trained the same amount and everybody has their own way of dealing with situations. This was a good thing because they could discuss different ways of solving a problem and choose the best one. When they were at sea, teamwork is vital in the middle of the crisis. Even during the storm when three people would be out on watch, the other three staying inside would be restless. When one would heat the water, the other would heat the gloves because it was also raining.

Question 7.
What challenging tasks did the team face during their voyage?
Answer:
In the South Pacific, they encountered a storm where the seas were almost nine to ten meters high and the winds were picking up to 60-70 knots. It was normal on sea where there was hardly any land mass to stop the winds. However, after a lot of hard work and effort, they were able to fix it together and feel blissful. They would remember those incidents because it gave them the strength to move on and overcome those challenges.

Question 8.
What sort of activities did the crew engage in during their long voyage?
Answer:
During circumnavigation, the crew picked up some hobbies and kept posting pictures of delicacies like golgappas and cakes. They also read books when the weather was pleasant and did some quilling and craft work. While team leader Joshi read comics and the Ramayana during her journey, Swathi loved cooking and so indulged in baking. Swathi also liked crafting I a lot and made some lampshades. They were always entertained being in a group of six. They watched movies and sometimes listened to music. They made parathas, baked cakes and breads, and even made halwa and rasgullas!

Question 9.
Mention the celebrations which the crew enjoyed during their expeditions.
Answer:
At festival times they celebrated and had fun. They celebrated Diwali during their expedition. They celebrated three birthdays including the first birthday of the boat and also specific occasions like crossing the equator, the International Date Line and so on.

Question 10.
Which factor motivated the crew to undertake this expedition?
Answer:
The crew knew that the entire country was watching them and praying for them. So they never wanted them to have a single day thinking that they were in trouble. They knew that it was going to happen but the people out there did not know what kind of challenges they were facing. So, one of the motives that they kept in mind was that they did not want to frighten anyone.

Additional Questions:

Question 1.
Why is Tara-Tarini worshipped?
Answer:
Tara – Tarini is worshipped for safety and success at sea.

Question 2.
What is the meaning of Tarini?
Answer:
The word ‘Tarini’ means ‘boat’ and in Sanskrit it means ‘Saviour’.

Question 3.
What were the problems they faced during their training voyage?
Answer:
As the boat was old, it had minor leaks and repairs. They also ran out of water and food soon.

Question 4.
In what way was the training voyage a tutorial to them?
Answer:
The trip was a tutorial for them on how to manage food, water and even electricity during the big voyage.

Question 5.
What made Aishwarya have second thoughts?
Answer:
When Aishwarya was told about the flare- ups at sea, she had second thoughts about joining the team.

Question 6.
How many applied to be shortlisted to six members of the crew?
Thirty women applied for six of them to be shortlisted, as members of the crew.

Question 7.
What did they mistake a dead sperm whale to be?
Answer:
They mistook a dead whale sperm to be an island from a distance as it was so huge.

Question 8.
What did they do when they witnessed something new in their journey?
As they were not specialists, whenever they spotted something new in the sea, they googled and browsed information to learn more about the species.

Question 9.
How did they plan to manage a storm?
Answer:
Even during the storm when three people would be out on watch, the other three who would be inside wouldn’t be able to rest. When somebody heated the water, the other person would heat the gloves because it was raining also.

Question 10.
How many hours was the storm and what helped them to stay safe?
Answer:
Team effort helped them to stay safe and navigate through the 20 hours long storm.

Question 11.
Who were the all women crew members?
Answer:
Indian Navy’s all-women crew was skippered by Lt. Commander Vartika Joshi. The other members in the women team were Lt. Cdr. Pratibh Jamwal, Lt. Cdr. Swathi Patarapalli, Lt. Aishwarya Boddapati, Lt. Sh. Vijaya Devi and Lt. Payal Gupta.

C. Answer the following in about 100-150 words:

Question 1.
Highlight the factors responsible for the all-women Indian Navy crew to carry out their expedition.
Answer:
The support the crew members received was a major factor. When they knew that they were doing well and looked after themselves well, in spite of all apprehensions they were supportive. The crew members’ personal aim and target mattered a lot. Mostly they wanted to make sure that they complete the journey with ultimate honesty without the use of engines.

Than the destination, the journey was important. So their contention was to make sure that they go by the rules of circumnavigation without any means of repulsion and anybody else’s assistance. The L presence of mind and common sense to make decisions and act quickly was an added factor. They had to quickly do an analysis of problem solving techniques. Ego should never come I amidst them. Team work helped them to collaborate and work together. Mutual understanding I was important too.

One would heat the water while the other would heat the gloves or even rested. Over all the confidence you had in each other than the trust and acceptance as every member of the crew to be a family was a must to carry out the expedition.
“It’s about women helping women and women doing things together and supporting each other.”

Question 2.
Write in detail about the selection and training process which the crew underwent
Answer:
Indian Navy’s all-women adventure sailing crew, which aimed at several record-making I achievements with an ambitious circumnavigation of the globe, was in the capital to meet Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the top brass of the Navy, before it embarked on a voyage to circumnavigate earth.

The selection process was indeed not an easy one. In order to promote ocean sailing activities and to encourage women empowerment, the Indian Navy conceptualized this idea of the First Indian All Women Circumnavigation of the Globe. Out of the thirty women who had applied, six of them were shortlisted, based on the little survival skills they showcased. They were led by Lieutenant Commander Vartika Joshi.

These officers had done basic sail training courses at INWTC Mumbai followed by Navigation, Seamanship, Communication and Meteorology courses at various naval training schools at Kochi. After completion of theoretical courses, the officers sailed INSV Mhadei to Vizag for the International Fleet Review 2016 and thereafter to Mauritius and back.

Following that, they sailed the boat on a gruelling voyage to Cape Town in December. Lt. Commander Jamwal revealed that they were selected from different cadres and trained extensively for three-years where they learnt about navigation, communication, weather prediction and sailing.

The selected team was extensively mentored and trained by Dilip Donde, the first Indian to circumnavigate the globe from the Navy in the project ‘Sagar Parikrama’.Classroom courses were different from sailing outside.

So, they were given hands- on training, like, how to repair things and how to deal with emergencies, when the weather got rough. They underwent basic sail training courses in Mumbai at the Indian Naval Waterman ship Training Centre (INWTC), and at various schools in the southern naval base in Kochi.

They even sailed on INSV Mhadei to Mauritius (in 2016 and 2017) and back and also to Cape Town in December 2016. They were trained for almost three years to prepare for the voyage.
“Confidence comes from discipline and training.”

Additional Questions:

Question 1.
What do you know about the Navikaa Sagar Parikrama?
Answer:
Navika Sagar Parikrama was a project undertaken in consonance with the National policy to empower women to attain their full potential. The Project is considered essential towards promoting ocean sailing activities in the Navy while depicting Government of India’s thrust for Nari Shakti which means women power.

The Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral Sunil Lanba gave his welcome speech when this project was launched. The voyage was aimed to show ‘case ‘Make in India’ initiative by sailing on-board indigenously built INSV Tarini. The special feature of this sailboat is that it encouraged use of environment friendly non-conventional renewable energy resources such as the wind; collected and updated meteorological, ocean and wave data on regular basis for accurate weather forecast by India Meteorological Department (IMD) and also collected data for monitoring marine pollution on high seas.
“The goal is not to sail the boats, bat rather to help the boat sail herself.”

Question 2.
Describe the challenge they faced with the weather condition.
Answer:
One day they were hit by a storm – it was scary to see very high waves, around 9-10 metres high surging the boat at a wind speed of 60 to 70 knots. Though they were prepared for the storm, it was quite challenging. Mountainous waves were surging from behind, pushing them forward. They were in the South Pacific. Luckily, they were sailing downwind. They took turns in steering the boat. When three of them were doing the watch at a time the other three rested.

It was so cold that it was difficult to stand outside for more than an hour. They watched enormous waves break over the top of the boat and sweep across the deck. One can imagine that a blast of saltwater soaking them completely. Sometimes the water would have gushed inside their living space, soaking all their clothes in sea water. The place would have been a mess.
“Accept the challenges so that you can feel the exhiliration of victory.”

Vocabulary:

D. Pick out the idioms and phrases from the box and write them in the blanks equivalent to their meanings. One is done for you.

Answers:

E. Read the given sentences carefully and fill in with appropriate phrasal verbs. Choose them from the help box.

1. The air hostess instructed the passengers to wear the seat belts during the …………….. .
2. Venkat felt happy to……………… the neighbours in the new locality.
3. There will be a ……………… next week in the office.
4. Doing ………………… every day in the morning keeps one healthy.
5. The mother instructed the maid to ………………….. the child carefully.

Answers:

1. takeoff
2. get along with
3. shutdown
4. warm up
5. look after

F. Read the given passage carefully and fill in the blanks with suitable phrasal verbs from the help box.

Riya is a young dancer who feels contented and satisfied with herself. Let’s hear from her.
Hi, everyone! I am Riya. I suppose I’m really lucky because I don’t (1) ………………… weight easily. I never (2) ……………… in the gym and the only time I (3) ……………… is when I need something from the top shelf. I tried aerobics several times but I couldn’t (4) ……………….. with the others. I take my pet for a walk thrice a day though, and that helps to (5) ………………. the calories. I usually watch what I eat but I sometimes binge on ice cream. My sister Diya, is a real fitness fanatic. Before she works out she (6) ………………. every day with push ups, sit ups, stretches and a jog around the park. She says it’s important to (7) ………………. good levels of strength and stamina. I don’t want to overdo it though. A fitness regime like hers would (8) …………… me (9) …………………..!
Answers

1. put on
2. tire out
3. work out
4. keep up
5. bum off out
6. warms up
7. buildup
8. stretch

Listening Activity:

G. Listen to the passage read by the teacher and say whether the given statement is true or false.

Preethi Srinivasan is a former cricketer from Tamil Nadu who played domestic cricket in the 1990’s. At the age of eight, she was the youngest girl to play in the State cricket team. At the age of 17, she captained the Tamil Nadu women’s under-19 cricket team in a national tournament in 1997, and registered its only victory ever.

She was also a state-level gold winner in 50 m breaststroke swimming event. But the following year, she suffered a spinal cord injury in an accident in Puducherry that left her quadriplegic. Her own trauma inspired her to create SoulFree, a foundation that aims to help Indian youth to cope with disabilities related to spinal – cord injuries, and how suitable precautions can help them out.

Instead of the term ‘differently abled’, SoulFree employs the term ‘positively-abled’ for those suffering from a disability. She is active in social life and earned many honours too. In 2018, she received the Kalpana Chawla Award for Courage and Daring Enterprise.

1. Preethi Srinivasan is a former cricketer from Tamil Nadu.
2. At the age of seventeen, she captained the Indian Women’s cricket team.
3. Preethi Srinivasan was not only a cricketer but also a runner.
4. Preethi’s own trauma inspired her to create SoulFree, a foundation for those suffering from mental illness.
5. Preethi received the Kalpana Chawla Award for Courage and Daring Enterprise.

Answers:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. True

Speaking Activity:

Story Telling:
Storytelling is an art which involves planning, research and skill. A good storyteller makes decisions ahead that drive their stories forward, engage their audience and relate information important to the telling of the story.

Techniques and Presentation skills:
There are certain techniques that help narrate a story perfectly.

• Remember and recall the plot.
• Create story frame to remember the key events
• Self-narrate the story as a rehearsal
• Change the volume, pitch and tempo of your voice to make the narration effective.
• Use appropriate facial expressions and gestures.
• Include questions and answer them during the narration.
• Retain focus and maintain concentration on what you are narrating
• Sustain eye contact and grab attention of the audience.

H. Read the clues given below and develop your story. Narrate your story to the class. Robert Bruce – King – lying on the ground in a dejected mood – failed to defeat his enemies – was thinking of giving up the attempt – saw a spider falling down from the ceiling – the ceiling far away – wondered how it would get there – the spider fell back again – again it tried – again it fell – it made nine such attempts – no success – climbed up once more – at last succeeded in reaching the roof – Bruce imitated its example – he too tried once again – was successful.

Once upon a time, there was a king by name, Robert Bruce. He was both brave and wise in spite of the defeat he had faced recently. Battle after battle Bruce had fought and was lying on the ground in a dejected mood. He had failed to defeat his enemies and hence was almost giving up another attempt against his foes.

It seemed to him that there was no use for him to try to do anything more. As Robert Bruce lay contemplating and looking at the ceiling, he noticed a spider falling over his head trying to weave her web. He watched her as she worked slowly and with great care. Nine times the spider tried to throw her thread from one edge of the dilapidated room wall to another.

All the nine times her thread fell short. Success was not the spider’s cup of tea. King Robert Bruce too was in a similar situation. Victory over his enemies was not his cup of tea. But to his astonishment, he saw the spider climbing up once more. At last, it succeeded in reaching the roof. Now, King Robert Bruce was inspired by the spider which did not lose hope.

He dismissed his defeat and hopeless nature and swung to action. So he got up and called his men together. He instructed his men of his plans and sent them out with hopeful messages to cheer the discouraged people. Very soon, he set out with an army of brave men around him and now Success was his!

I. Develop a story with the given pictures and narrate it to your class. Your story must have a plot and vivid details.

Santiago, Ranthambore and Bevis happily started for their underwater expedition to the extreme northern coastal area of Charlotte islands. They were well equipped and it was one of the usual underwater expedition. However, 19th May, 1968 wasn’t quite the normal one. The ship, ‘Probably Never Sinks’ did sink into the sea. The three of them dove into the sea 150 miles before Charlotte island.

This disaster turned a blessing in disguise for the three of them. They did find a lot of underwater sea creatures and many coral reefs. Ranthambore, who was a specialist at venturing deep into coral reefs spotted a visage of a fallen emperor.

On being alerted with flashlights, Santiago and Bevis helped Ranthambore to push aside and take the ruin to the surface of the ocean. To their astonishment, they were awestruck at the chest of precious stones under it. They rejoiced at their luck yet knew their civic responsibilities and proceeded towards the Department of Tourism. All the local newspapers and television channels reported their marvellous experience.

Reading:

I. Read the data below and answer the following questions.

Choose the correct answer:

1. What is the data about?
(a) women empowerment
(b) women power
(c) women at work
(d) women at home
Answer:
(c) women at work

2. Identify the three jobs where the same percentage of women work.
(a) Technical Field, Medicine, Environmental
(b) Information Technology, Environmental, Technical Field
(c) Administration/ Human Resources, Earthmoving Workshop, Logistics
(d) Environmental, Technical Field, Earthmoving Workshop
Answer:
(b) Information Technology, Environmental, Technical Field

3. In which field of work is women’s involvement the second highest?
(a) Logistics stores
(b) Home maker
(c) Medicine
(d) Administration/Human resource
Answer:
(c) Medicine

4. Percentage of women working in finance is the same as
(a) Home maker
(b) Information Technology
(c) Technical Field
(d) Administration / Human Resources
Answer:
(d) Administration / Human Resources

5. What is the difference between the percentage of women working in logistics and Medicine?
(a) 8 (b) 11 (c) 13 (d) 5
Answer:
(d) 5

Writing:

J. Read the given slogans and match them appropriately with their theme.

Answer:

 

K. Look at the images of familiar advertisements given below. Identify the products and try to frame your own slogans for each one of them.

Answer:

L. Look at the pitcures given below and frame your own slogans:

Letter Writing:

M. Exercise:

1. Imagine that you have parked your vehicle (two-wheeler)/ bicycle inside the school premises. You find it missing in the evening. Write a complaint to the head of the school regarding this issue.
From
Ms. XYZ,
(Student ofStd X-C)
D/O Mr. Alagesan
9, South Boag road,
Officer’s colony,
Jawaharpet,
Dindivanam – 604172
2nd August, 2019
To
The Principal,
Sankalwar High School,
43 & 44 Rajarajastreet,
Permalpuram,
Dindivanam – 604174

Sir / Madam,
Subject: Complaint about my Bicycle – Reg.
This morning, I had parked my brand new bicycle which was gifted to me last birthday by my grandparents in the usual place near the school canteen allotted for bicycle parking along with many other cycles. However, I am alarmed to note that the bicycle is missing at the parking lot when I went at 5.10 p.m. after the Remedial class for Mathematics. I do remember seeing my bicycle during the lunch break.

It is a BSA Ladybird Breeze 26T Steel Bicycle, Pink in colour with a Pink seat cover. I request you to kindly look into the matter and do the needful.
Looking forward to your immediate action and thanking you in advance for the same.
Thank you,
Yours faithfully,
XYZ
To
The Principal,
Sankalwar High School,
43 & 44 Rajarajastreet,
Permalpuram,
Dindivanam – 604174

2. Write a complaint to the officer of the PWD department to take immediate actions of maintaining cleanliness in the Children’s Park in your locality.’
From
ABC,
10,Margostreet,
Alandur,
Manamadhurai-630606.
4th December 2021 .
To
The PWD Officer,
Alandur,
Manamadhurai- 630606
Respected Sir,
Sub: Garbage to be removed inside the Children’s Park
I am a resident of Margo street in Alandur. As a resident, I hereby bring to your notice the poor sanitation conditions of this locality. The sanitation is very bad here. The roads here are not swept regularly. Almost every litter area is overflowing with garbage. They have not cleaned the area for nearly a week. Colony children go to the Children’s park on Sullivan street. Foul smell arises from the garbage area there. It has become a place for mosquitoes to breed. Recently, we noticed many children affected by fever. Some are even diagnosed to be suffering from dengue, malaria, etc.
So, I request you to look into this matter seriously and improve the sanitation in this locality. Looking forward to your continued co-operation and stringent action against the sanitation staff in-charge for this locality.
Thank you,
Yours faithfully,
ABC
To
The PWD Officer,
Alandur,
Manamadhurai- 630606

3. Write a letter to the manager of a famous daily, ordering subscription for your school library.
From
The Librarian,
ABC School,
Rajakilpakam,
Chennai – 600073
1st December, 2019
To
The Manager,
Chandama Publishing House,
Kodambakkam,
Chennai – 600024
Dear Sir,
Subject: Subscription for magazines
I hereby request you to renew our Annual subscription for five copies of Chandamama Quest, two copies each of India Today, Periwinkle and Reader’s Digest for the year 2020.
As per the tele-comunication, please find enclosed the cheque for 8750/- only in favour of Chandamama Publishing House.
Thanking you in advance for your continued cooperation.
In anticipation,
Yours sincerely,
Mrs. Rani Rajan
(School Librarian)
To
The Manager,
Chandama Publishing House,
Kodambakkam,
Chennai – 600024

Grammar:

Tenses:

A. Complete the sentences in present tense forms.

1. Saravanan always ……………….. (go) for a walk in the morning.
2. We …………………. (gather) here for a meeting and the chair person is yet to arrive.
3. Arun has ……………… eagerly …………… (wait) to meet her friend since morning.
4. Sheeba …………… (move) to a new house next week.
5. Naseera …………… (attend) music classes regularly.
6. Ilakiya and Adhira …………….. (enjoy) each other’s company very much.
7. Mani ……………… (work) in this school for five years.
8. It ……………. (pour) outside now.

Answers:

1. goes
2. are gathered
3. been, waiting
4. is moving/moves
5. attends
6. enjoy / are enjoying
7. is working
8. is pouring

B. Complete the sentences in past tense forms.

1. I ……………… (go) to her place on foot.
2. The children …………… (play) in the ground when the teacher arrived.
3. They …………… (request) him when the manager arrived.
4. If you ……………..(work) hard, you would have won the relay match
5. Joanna and Joy ……………… already ……………….. (leave) for Ooty, when the others reached the station.
6. We all ……………… (sing) in the choir last week.
7. Nancy ……………… always ………………… (ask) for help.
8. The office goers …………….. (wait) for the train.

Answers

1. went
2. were playing
3. requested
4. had worked
5. had, left
6. sang
7. would, ask
8. waited

C. Fill in the blanks using the verbs in the brackets in the future form.

1. We …………… not ……………… to the market, in case it rains, (go)
2. Keerthi ……………. his work by next week.(do)
3. The peon …………….. the bell by the time I reach the school.(ring)
4. I …………….. my sister’s house next April if I go to Uttarkhand. (visit)
5. If you listen carefully, you ……………… my point, (understand)
6. By next year, I ………….. in Chennai for fifteen years, (live)
7. The new edition of this book ………………. out shortly, (come)
8. She hopes you …………….. her. (help)

Answers:

1.  will, go
2. will do/will be doing
3. will ring
4. will visit
5. will understand
6. would have lived
7. will come
8. will help

D. Underline the verbs and identify the tense forms.

1. I am working hard day and night. …………………………………………………….
2. The Moon revolves around the Earth. ………………………………………………
3. Were the milk men milking the cow? ………………………………………………..
4. He received your messages last night. ……………………………………………..
5. I have been ill for a couple of days. …………………………………………………..

Answers:

1. Present Continuous
2. Simple Present
3. Past Continuous
4. Simple Past
5. Present Perfect

E. In the following passage, some words are missing. Choose the correct words from the given options to complete the passage.

Raghav (1) ……………….. in a middle class family. He is a (2) ……………… boy of 8. His mother (3) ……………………….. as a software engineer in an MNC. (4) ………………… is his favourite hobby. He (5) …………………….. the first prize in school level competition for drawing last week. He (6)………………. drawing at the age of 3. His mother (7) …………. he (8) ………………. a great painter in future.
(a) (i) will be born (ii) is born (iii) born (iv) has born
(b) (i) school-going (ii) going to school (iii) school coming (iv) school gone
(c) (i) working (ii) works (iii) has worked (iv) will work
(d) (i) drawn (ii) had drawn (iii) drawing (iv) having drawn
(e) (i) win (ii) was winning (iii) wins (iv) won
(f) (i) was starting (ii) starting (iii) started (iv) is starting
(g) (i) hoped (ii) hoping (iii) hopes (iv) has hoped
(h) (i) will become (ii) becomes (iii) would become (iv) will be becoming
Answers

1. is born
2. school-going
3. works
4. Drawing
5. won
6. started
7. hopes
8. will become

F. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in the tense of the verb in each line. Write the wrong word as well as the correct word in the given place. One is done for you.

G. Read the story and rewrite it using the simple past tense.

Juno the elephant is lonely and tries to make friends with the other animals in the forest. But, the other animals refuse to play with Juno because of his size. One day, all the animals are running away from Dera the tiger who is eating everyone he finds. Juno goes and gives Dera a swift kick. Dera immediately runs away. Juno is now everyone’s friend.
Answer:
Juno the elephant was lonely and tried to make friends with the other animals in the forest. But, the other animals refused to play with Juno because of his size. One day, all the animals were running away from Dera the tiger who was eating everyone he found. Juno went and ‘ gave Dera a swift kick. Dera immediately ran away. Juno was now everyone’s friend.

H. Read the situations given and frame two suitable sentences in the appropriate form of the tenses.

Answer:

Empowered Women Navigating The World Summary:

Introduction:
History unveils records of women who faught wars and won accords from age immemorial. Today the advancing technology is bringing to prominence the presence of the empowered women worldwide.

Modern Day Women
Modem day women in India have fought for their freedom and set a very good example for others. The real power of women is currently projected to the world by the advancement of technology and media.

Women’s endeavour into sea Nowadays, women occupy almost all the major positions in society and their accomplishments are tremendous. One such achievement is the All-women Indian Navy crew who circumnavigated the world for 254 days all alone, in a sailboat called Indian Naval Ship Vessel – Tarini. Tara- Tarini is the patron deity for sailors and is worshipped for safety and success at sea.

INSV Tarini
INSV Tarini is the second sailboat of the Indian Navy and the first was the INSV Mhadei. It is a 55 foot sailing vessel built indigenously in India by M/s Aquarius Shipyard Pvt. Ltd, located in Goa. After undergoing extensive sea trials, she was commissioned on 18th February, 2017.

The boat was named after the famous ‘Tara-Tarini’ temple in Ganjam district of Odisha. The word ‘Tarini’ means ‘boat’andin Sanskrit it means ‘Saviour’. INSV Tarini has advance Raymarine navigation suite and an array of satellite communication systems for perfect navigation anywhere in the world.

Navika Sagar Parikrama
Navika Sagar Parikrama was a project undertaken in consonance with the National policy to empower women. The Project is considered essential towards promoting ocean sailing activities in the Navy while depicting Government of India thrust for Nari Shakti which means women power said Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral Sunil Lanba in his welcome speech. The voyage was aimed to show case ‘Make in India’ initiative. The special feature of this sailboat is that it encouraged use of environment friendly resources, accurate weather forecast by India Meteorological Department (IMD) and also data for monitoring marine pollution on high seas.

Navy’s six women crew
Indian Navy’s all-women crew was the first-ever to circumnavigate the globe skippered by Lt. Commander Vartika Joshi. The all-women team has also Lt. Cdr. Pratibh Jamwal, Lt. Cdr. Swathi Patarapalli, Lt. Aishwarya Boddapati, Lt. Sh. Vijaya Devi and Lt. Payal Gupta as its crew members. The crew started its voyage on 10 September 2017 from Goa, flagged off by the Defence Minister of India. It covered the expedition in five legs with stop-overs at four ports for replenishment of ration and repair. They went around the globe within 254-days and reached Goa port on 21 May 2018.

Conclusion:
Thus we feel proud of women in all fields whatsoever. She landed on moon and she is out in the sea venturing around. So, women be motivated and bring out your best in all that you do.

Empowered Women Navigating The World Glossary:
Textual:

Additional:

Synonyms:

Choose the most appropriate synonym of the underlined word.

1. Gone are the days, where women in India remained indoors.
(a) stayed
(b) realised
(c) regained
(d) signed
Answer:
(a) stayed

2. Women were permitted to go out only with an escort.
(a) enigma
(b) enemy
(c) attendant
(d) competent
Answer:
(c) attendant

3. The real power of women is seen in the advancement of technology and media.
(a) alteration
(b) alignment
(c) deterioration
(d) development
Answer:
(d) development

4. Currently, women’s accomplishments are tremendous in many fields.
(a) tragedy
(b) remarkable
(c) treacherous
(d) changeable
Answer:
(b) remarkable

5. All-women Indian Navy crew circumnavigated the world for 254 days all alone.
(a) brew
(b) alerted
(c) soldiers
(d) team
Answer:
(d) team

6. Tara-Tarini is the patron deity for sailors.
(a) patriotic
(b) supporter
(c) partridge
(d) balancing
Answer:
(b) supporter

7. The vessel is built indigenously in India.
(a) locally
(b) indirectly
(c) invisibly
(d) laboriously
Answer:
(a) locally

8. INSV Tarini has an array of satellite communication systems.
(a) collection
(b) rainbow
(c) disorder
(d) variety
Answer:
(a) collection

9. NSP was a project undertaken in consonance with the National policy.
(a) agreement
(b) alignment
(c) arrangement
(d) continuation
Answer:
(a) agreement

10. The voyage was aimed to show case ‘Make in India’ initiative.
(a) intuition
(b) inventiveness
(c) interrogation
(d) management
Answer:
(b) inventiveness

Antonyms:

Choose the most appropriate antonym of the underlined word.

1. The real power of women though realised earlier, is currently being projected to the world.
(a) presently
(b) formerly
(c) carefully
(d) electrically
Answer:
(b) formerly

2. India Meteorological Department collected data for monitoring marine pollution.
(a) distributed
(b) cancelled
(c) threshold
(d) bridge
Answer:
(a) distributed

3. It covered the expedition in five legs with stop-overs at four ports.
(a) shielded
(b) protected
(c) exposed
(d) hid
Answer:
(c) exposed

4. I wanted to make sure that I complete this journey with ultimate honesty.
(a) honourable
(b) dishonesty
(c) rectitude
(d) scrupulousness
Answer:
(b) dishonesty

5. So my contention was to go by the rules of circumnavigation.
(a) disagreement
(b) agreement
(c) dispute
(d) deputation
Answer:
(b) agreement

6. You don’t have to use any auxiliary means of repulsion.
(a) disgust
(b) revolution
(c) repercussions
(d) attraction
Answer:
(d) attraction

7. In fact, I’d say it was easier for us to collaborate and work together.
(a) difficult
(b) calmer
(c) tranquility
(d) quicker
Answer:
(a) difficult

8. It is about a hurricane force of wind on land.
(a) farce
(b) vigour
(c) weakness
(d) potency
Answer:
(c) weakness

9. I gave my crew members the best dishes with the limited resources.
(a) limitations
(b) partial
(c) incomplete
(d) boundless
Answer:
(d) boundless

10. It is a great boost to women in the country.
(a) broaden
(b) increase
(c) knock
(d) brew
Answer:
(c) knock

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The Grumble Family Textual Questions

A. Read the following lines from the poem and answer the questions given below.

(i) There’s a family nobody likes to meet;
They live, it is said, on Complaining Street
(a) Where does the family live?
(b) Why do you think the street is named as ‘Complaining Street’?
Answer:
(a) The family lives on Complaining street.
(b) I think the street is named as ‘Complaining Street’ because there is a family which is always complaining and no one likes to meet them.

(ii) They growl at that and they growl at this;
Whatever comes, there is something amiss;
(a) What does the word ‘growl’ mean here?
(b) Why do they find everything amiss?
Answer:
(a) The word growl here means ‘grumbling’.
(b) They find everything amiss, since they are not satisfied or contented with anything.

(iii) Nothing goes right with the folks you meet Down on that gloomy Complaining Street
(a) What is the opinion about the folks you meet down the street?
(b) What does the word ‘gloomy’ mean here?
Answer:
(a) The folks you meet down the street are always in trouble and are complaining.
(b) Here ‘gloomy’ means ‘depressing’.

(iv) The worst thing is that if anyone stays
Among them too long, he will learn their ways;
(а) What is the worst thing that can happen if anyone stays with them?
(b) What are the ways of the Grumble family?
Answer:
(a) The worst thing that can happen if anyone stays with them is that they too will start complaining and become one with them.
(b) The ‘Grumble Family’ growl at anything and everything so much that they sometimes growl that they have nothing to grumble about.

(v) And so it were wisest to keep our feet From wandering into Complaining Street;
(a) What is the wisest thing that the poet suggests?
(b) What does the phrase ‘to keep our feet from wandering’ refer to?
Answer:
(a) The wisest thing is to avoid wandering into the complaining street.
(b) The phrase, ‘to keep our feet from wandering’ refer to restricting your path from strolling.

(vi) Let us learn to walk with a smile and a song,
No matter if things do sometimes go wrong;
(a) What does the poet expect everyone to learn?
(b) What should we do when things go wrong sometimes?
Answer:
(a) The poetess expects everyone to learn to walk with a smile and a song even when things go wrong.
(b) Even when things go wrong, we need to feel happy and be cheerful.

Additional Questions

(i) “There’s a family nobody likes to meet;
They live, it is said, on Complaining Street In the city of Never-Are-Satisfied, The River of Discontent beside. ”
(a) Where is Complaining Street?
(b) Which river flows beside the Complaining Street?
(c) Pick out the rhyming words.
(d) What is the rhyme scheme?
Answer:
(a) Complaining street is in the city of Never-Are-Satisfied.
(b) River of Discontent runs beside Complaining Street.
(c) The rhyming words are ‘meet and street’ and ‘satisfied and beside’.
(d) The rhyme scheme is ‘aabb’

(ii) “ They growl at that and they growl at this;
Whatever comes, there is something amiss;
And whether their station be high or humble,
They are all known by the name of Grumble.”
(a) Pick out the rhyming words.
(b) What is the rhyme scheme?
(c) What is the figure of speech in the third line?
(d) Why are they known by the name of Grumble?
(e) What do you understand by the term, ‘high or humble’?
Answer:
(a) The rhyming words are ‘this and amiss’ and ‘humble and grumble’.
(b) The rhyme scheme is ‘aabb’
(c) The figure of speech is alliteration.
(d) They are known by the name of Grumble because they are never satisfied in any station be it high or humble.
(e) The term, ‘high or humble’ refers to their status or position in life.

(iii) “ The weather is always too hot or cold;
Summer and winter alike they scold.
Nothing goes right with the folks you meet Down on that gloomy Complaining Street.’1′
(a) How is the Complaining Street?
(b) Which are the two seasons spoken here?
(c) Generally, how is the weather condition?
(d) Who does ‘they’ refer to?
(e) Where do you meet the folks who face problems?
Answer:
(a) The Complaining Street is always gloomy.
(b) The two seasons spoken here are summer and winter.
(c) Generally the weather condition is too hot or too cold.
(d)‘They’ refers to the grumblers in Complaining Street.
(e) We meet the folks on Complaining Street.

(iv) “They growl at the rain and they growl at the sun;
In fact, their growling is never done.
And if everything pleased them, there isn’t a doubt They’d growl that they’d nothing to grumble about!”
(a) Explain the second line.
(b) What do they grumble about?
(c) What is the rhyming word for ‘sun’?
(d) Give the rhyme scheme.
(e) What is certain about the Grumble family when everything pleases them?
Answer:
(a) The second line means that they always grumble and murmur showing their dissatisfaction over everything.
(b) They grumble about the rain and sun.
(c) The rhyming word for ‘sun’ is ‘done’.
(d) The rhyme scheme is ‘aabb’.
(e) When everything pleases them, the Grumble family is sure to grumble that they have nothing to grumble about.

(v) “But the queerest thing is that not one of the same Can be brought to acknowledge his family name;
For never a Grumbler will own that he is connected with it at all, you see.”
(a) Give the rhyming word for same.
(b) What is meant by ‘queer’?
(c) What is the queerest thing about the Grumble family?
Answer:
(a) The rhyming word for ‘same’ is ‘name’.
(b) ‘Queer’ means ‘strange’.
(c) The queerest thing about the Grumble family is that they will never accept the name of the family.

(vi) The worst thing is that if anyone stays Among them too long, he will learn their ways;
And before he dreams of the terrible jumble He’s adopted into the family of Grumble.”
(a) Pick out the alliterated words from the above stanza.
(b) Give the rhyming word for ‘stays’.
(c) What is he expected to dream of?
(d) What happens before he could dream?
Answer:
(a) The alliterated words are long and leam in the second line.
(b) The rhyming word for ‘stays’ is ‘ways’.
(c) The Grumbler is expected to dream of the terrible jumble.
(d) Before he could dream of the terrible jumble, he is adopted into the family of Grumble.

(vii) “And so it were wisest to keep our feet,
From wandering into Complaining Street;
And never to growl, whatever we do,
Lest we be mistaken for Grumblers, too.”
(a) What is the advice given to new comers to the city of ‘Never-Are-Satisfied’?
(b) Pick out the alliterated words in the first line.
(c) What are the rhyming words for do and feet?
(d) What is the rhyme scheme followed?
(e) What will happen if we enter Complaining Street?
Answer:
(a) Any new comers to the ‘Never-are-Satisfied’ city are advised not to enter into Complaining Street.
(b) The alliterated words in the first line are ‘were wisest’.
(c) The rhyming word for do is too and for feet it is street.
(d) The rhyme scheme followed is ‘aabb’ pattern.
(e) If we enter Complaining Street, we will be mistaken to be Grumblers.

(viii) “Let us learn to walk with a smile and a song,
No matter if things do sometimes go wrong;
And then, be our station high or humble,
We’ll never belong to the family of Grumble”
(a) What is the poetic device used in the first line?
(b) What are the alliterated words in the first line?
(c) Pick out the rhyming words.
(d) What is the rhyme scheme?
Answer:
(a) The figure of speech is alliteration.
(b) The alliterated words are Let- leam; walk-with and smile- song in the first line.
(c) The rhyming words are ‘song and wrong’ and ‘humble and grumble’.
(d) The rhyme scheme is ‘aabb’

B. Answer the following question in about 80 – 100 words.

The Grumble Family Poem Questions And Answers Question 1.
Write a paragraph on ‘The Grumble Family’ and their attitude towards other folks.
Answer:
The Grumble family lives on Complaining street in the city called’ Never-are-Satisfied’ where River Discontent runs beside it. They growl at anything and everything and whatever – happens, there is something that goes wrong. They scold at each other at all seasons be it winter or summer.

They never stop growling at any weather conditions be it during monsoon or summer. Anyone who is associated with them even as an acquaintance get adapted to their ways easily. They are moaning, grumbling and never satisfied. A feeling of pessimism is strongly embedded in them and they are so contagious that they pass on the nature of grumbling and complaining to all who converse with them.
“7o do nothing but grumble and not to act – that is throwing away ones life.”

The Grumble Family Poem Figure Of Speech Question 2.
If you were to live in the Complaining Street, how would you deal with the people who grumble?
Answer:
If I were in Complaining Street, I will try my level best to bring about a change in their outlook towards life. Continuous attempts with perseverance and determination will surely fetch me good rewards. I will never give up and keep spreading the spirit of optimism amidst them. I will try my best to be a live wire and make them stay high-spirited. I will therefore never allow the negativity of one person to restrict from reaching the heights of success that God desires for us.

Many a times, we come into contact with people who have nothing good or positive to say. If they see the sun shining, they will complain that it is too hot. If they see the snow falling, they will complain that it is too cold. So, I will make them see the God who created us to never want us to complain or murmur. I will speak of blessings and prosperity and show them the areas where many are much more in poverty or sickness than us and be thankful to the creator for what we are.
“Empty grumblers are the sources of everyday failure”

The Grumble Family Poem Summary Question 3.
From the poem ‘The Grumble Family’ what kind of behavior does the poet want the readers to possess?
Answer:
L.M. Montgomery, from the poem, ‘The Grumble Family’ wants the readers to possess optimistic behavior. The poet wants us to focus on the bright side of life and avoid the negativity around us. She wants us to learn to appreciate the beauty around us and avoid criticism.

The poetess wants us to always try our best to be an optimist who sees the good and not the bad. Hence, she opines that it is wise to keep our feet from roaming into the Complaining Street and never growl at anything we do even if we are mistaken to be a complainer. Therefore, the poetess wants us to learn to walk with a smile and a song even when things go against our likes.
“A complainer is just an ex-plainer of problems.”

The Grumble Family Poem Additional Questions

The Grumble Family Poem Paragraph Question 1.
Give summary of the poem, ‘The Grumble Family’.
Answer:
There is a family that no one ever wants to meet on Complaining Street in ‘Never-are- Satisfied’ city where River Discontent also runs. They growl at everything and hence – something goes wrong. Even if their station is high or humble, they are known by the r ‘S name of Grumble. The weather is always at extreme conditions and they scold at each other at both seasons. Everything is topsy-turvey with people who live on the gloomy ‘ Complaining street. Even when they are satisfied with everything, there isn’t a doubt!

that they would growl about not having anything to grumble about. The strangest thing is not a single person in the Grumble family can accept the family name because no – Grumbler will accept that he is a grumbler nor associated with such qualities. They are so contagious that anyone who says with them for a bit too long become a grumbler himself.

Hence, it is wise to keep our feet away from Complaining Street. Therefore, let us learn to walk with a smile on our lips and a song in our mouth even when things go against our desires. One should never belong to the family of Grumble, even if the status changes drastically.

“Be grateful and you won’t grumble.
Grumble and you won’t be grateful.”

C. Answer the following:

The Grumble Family Figure Of Speech Question 1.
And whether their station be high or humble,…
Pick out the alliteration from the above line
Answer:
The alliteration from the above line is ‘high and humble’.

The Grumble Family Questions And Answers Question 2.
Pick out the other examples for alliteration from the poem.
Answer:
They’d growl that they’d nothing to grumble about!
In the above line, growl and grumble are the alliterated words.
Let us learn to walk with a smile and a song,
In the above line, Let and learn, walk and with, and smile and song are the alliterated words.
Among them too long, he will learn their ways;
In the above line, Jong and learn are the alliterated words.

The Grumble Family Poetic Devices Question 3.
The weather is always too hot or cold;
Summer and winter alike they scold.
Nothing goes right with the folks you meet Down on that gloomy Complaining Street.
Pick out the rhyming words and identify the rhyme scheme of the above lines.?
Answer:
The rhyming words are ‘cold and scold’ as well as ‘meet and street’.
The rhyme scheme for the above are, ‘aabb’ pattern.
The Grumble Family (Lucy Maud Montgomery) Literary Devices At A Glance (Figures of Speech)

The Grumble Family by L. M. Montgomeiy About the Poet:

L. M. Montgomeiy, (1874-1942) was a Canadian author best known for a series of novels beginning in 1908 with Anne of Green Gables. Montgomery went on to publish 20 novels as well as 530 short stories, 500 poems, and 30 essays. A prolific writer, Montgomery published – over 100 stories between 1897 and 1907. Montgomery’s work, diaries and letters have been read and studied by scholars and readers worldwide.

The Grumble Family Summary:

The Grumble Family Poem Paraphrase Introduction:
This poem by Lucy Montgomery depicts a family whom everybody despises to meet. The poet’s resolution is to never meet people who grumble, instead, she wants to live in peace.

A Family in Isolation:
There is a family that no one ever wants to meet. They live on Complaining street in the city called’ Never-are-Satisfied’. River Discontent runs beside the Complaining Street.

Growling Grumblers:
They growl at anything and everything and whatever comes there is something that goes wrong. Even if their station is high or humble, they are known by the name of Grumble.

Everything Goes Topsy-Turvy The weather is always at extreme conditions of heat or cold and they scold at each other at all seasons be it winter or summer. Everything is topsy-turvey with people who live on the gloomy Complaining street.

All-time Grumblers :
They never stop growling at any weather conditions be it a rainy season or a sunny time. Even if everything goes well and they feel satisfied, there isn’t a doubt that they would growl about not having anything to grumble about.

Annoyed Being Called a Grumbler:
But the strangest thing is that not one in the Grumble family can accept the family name because no Grumbler will accept that he is a grumbler nor associated with the qualities of a grumbler.

Contagious Quality:
The worst is that when someone stays with them for a long time, he too will learn to be a moaner. Before he can dream of the terrible unwanted items, he will be adopted into the family of Grumble.

Slay Away – Stay Wise:
Hence) it is wise to keep our feet from roaming into the Complaining Street and never growl at anything we do even if we are mistaken to be a complainer.

Be an Optimist :
Therefore, let us learn to walk with a smile on our lips and a song in our mouth even when things go against our desires. Even if our position is high or humble, we will never belong to the family of Grumble.

Grumble Family Conclusion :
Rich or poor, one finds happiness in leading a peaceful life. No one likes to be tormented by quarrels and grumbling. So the poet’s advice is not to have the habit of grumbling.

The Grumble Family Glossary:
Textual :

Grumble Family Poem Additional :

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Solutions Chapter 7 Mensuration Ex 7.2

10th Maths Exercise 7.2 Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
A 14 m deep well with inner diameter 10 m is dug and the earth taken out is evenly spread all around the well to form an embankment of width 5 m. Find the height of the embankment.
Solution:
Inner diameter = 10 m
Inner radius = 5 m
Inner height = 14 m

Volume of the cylinder = πr²h cubic units
\(=\frac{22}{7} \times 5 \times 5 \times 14\)
= 1100 m³
Volume of the hollow = n(R² – r²)h cubic units
R = 10 m
r = 5 m
\(\Rightarrow \frac{22}{7} \times\left(10^{2}-5^{2}\right) h=1100 \mathrm{m}^{3}\)
(∵ the earth taken out = the earth spread all around)

Exercise 7.2 Class 10 Samacheer Kalvi Question 2.
A cylindrical glass with diameter 20 cm has water to a height of 9 cm. A small cylindrical metal of radius 5 cm and height 4 cm is immersed it completely. Calculate the raise of the water in the glass?
Solution:
The volume of the water raised = Volume of the cylindrical metal.

∴ The height of the raised water in the glass = 1 cm.

Ex 7.2 Class 10 Samacheer Question 3.
If the circumference of a conical wooden piece is 484 cm then find its volume when its height is 105 cm.
Solution:
Circumference of the base of the cone = 484 cm
height = 105 cm
∴ 2πr = 484

\(r=484 \times \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{7}{22}\)
= 77 cm

10th Maths Mensuration Exercise 7.2 Question 4.
A conical container is fully filled with petrol. The radius is 10m and the height is 15 m. If the container can release the petrol through its bottom at the rate of 25 cu. meter per minute, in how many minutes the container will be emptied. Round off your answer to the nearest minute.
Solution:
Volume of the cone = \(\frac{1}{3} \pi r^{2} h\) cu. units.

Volume of the given conical container = \(\frac{1}{3} \times \pi \times 10 \times 10 \times 15\)
= 500π m³

10th Maths Exercise 7.2 Question 5.
A right angled triangle whose sides are 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm is revolved about the sides containing the right angle in two ways. Find the difference in volumes of the two solids so formed.
Solution:
When the triangle ABC is rotated about AB, the

10th Maths Exercise 7.2 In Tamil Question 6.
The volumes of two cones of same base radius are 3600 cm³ and 5040 cm³. Find the ratio of heights.
Solution:

10th Maths 7.2 Exercise Question 7.
If the ratio of radii of two spheres is 4 : 7, find the ratio of their volumes.
Solution:

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Mensuration Question 8.
A solid sphere and a solid hemisphere have equal total surface area. Prove that the ratio of their volume is \(3 \sqrt{3} : 4\)
Solution:

9th Maths Exercise 7.2 Samacheer Kalvi Question 9.
The outer and the inner surface areas of a spherical copper shell are 576π cm² and 324π cm² respectively. Find the volume of the material required to make the shell.
Solution:

10th Class Maths Exercise 7.2 Question 10.
A container open at the top is in the form of a frustum of a cone of height 16 cm with radii of its lower and upper ends are 8 cm and 20 cm respectively. Find the cost of milk which can completely fill a container at the rate of ₹ 40 per litre.
Solution:
Volume of the frustum

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Relations and Functions Ex 1.2

10th Maths Exercise 1.2 Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
Let A = {1, 2, 3, 7} and B = {3, 0, -1, 7}, which of the following are relation from A to B ?
(i) R₁ = {(2, 1), (7, 1)}
(ii) R₂ = {(-1, 1)}
(iii) R₃ = {(2, -1), (7, 7), (1, 3)}
(iv) R₄ = {(7,-1), (0, 3), (3, 3), (0, 7)}
(i) A = {1, 2, 3, 7}, B = {3, 0,-1, 7}
Solution:
R₁ = {(2,1), (7,1)}

It is not a relation there is no element as 1 in B.
(ii) R₂ = {(-1, 1)}
It is not [∵ -1 ∉ A, 1 ∉ B]
(iii) R₃ = {(2, -1), (7, 7), (1, 3)}
It is a relation.
R₄ = {(7,-1), (0, 3), (3, 3), (0, 7)}
It is also not a relation. [∵ 0 ∉ A]

Ex 1.2 Class 10 Samacheer Question 2.
Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, ….., 45} and R be the relation defined as “is square of ” on A. Write R as a subset of A × A. Also, find the domain and range of R.
Answer:
A = {1,2, 3, 4 . . . . 45}
The relation is defined as “is square of’
R = {(1,1) (2, 4) (3, 9)
(4, 16) (5,25) (6, 36)}
Domain of R = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Range of R = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36}

Exercise 1.2 Class 10 Maths Samacheer Question 3.
A Relation R is given by the set {(x, y) /y = x + 3, x ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}}. Determine its domain and range.
Solution:
x = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
y = x + 3

⇒ y = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
R = {(x, y)}
= {(0, 3),(1, 4),(2, 5),(3, 6), (4, 7), (5, 8)}
Domain of R = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Range of R = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

10th Maths Exercise 1.2 Question 4.
Represent each of the given relation by (a) an arrow diagram, (b) a graph and (c) a set in roster form, wherever possible.
(i) {(x, y)|x = 2y,x ∈ {2, 3, 4, 5},y ∈ {1, 2, 3, 4)
(ii) {(x, y)|y = x + 3, x, y are natural numbers <10}
Solution:
(i){(x, y)|x = 2y, x ∈ {2, 3, 4, 5},y ∈ {1, 2, 3, 4}} R = (x = 2y)
2 = 2 × 1 = 2
4 = 2 × 2 = 4

(c) {(2, 1), (4, 2)}
(ii) {(x, y)|y = x + 3, x,+ are natural numbers <10}
x = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} R = (y = x + 3)
y = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
R = {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 7), (5, 8), (6, 9)}


(c) R = {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 7), (5, 8), (6, 9)}

10th Maths Exercise 1.2 Answers Question 5.
A company has four categories of employees given by Assistants (A), Clerks (C), Managers (M) and an Executive Officer (E). The company provide ₹10,000, ₹25,000, ₹50,000 and ₹1,00,000 as salaries to the people who work in the categories A, C, M and E respectively. If A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄ and As were Assistants; C₁, C₂, C₃, C₄ were Clerks; M₁, M₂, M₃ were managers and E₁,E₂ were Executive officers and if the relation R is defined by xRy, where x is the salary given to person y, express the relation R through an ordered pair and an arrow diagram.
Solution:
A – Assistants → A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄, A₅
C – Clerks → C₁, C₂, C₃, C₄
D – Managers → M₁, M₂, M₃
E – Executive officer → E₁, E₂
(a) R = {(10,000, A₁), (10,000, A₂), (10,000, A₃),
(10,000, A₄), (10,000, A₅), (25,000, C₁),
(25,000, C₂), (25,000, C₃), (25,000, C₄),
(50,000, M₁), (50,000, M₂), (50,000, M₃),
(1,00,000, E₁), (1,00,000, E₂)}

(b)

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Relations and Functions Ex 1.5

Exercise 1.5 Class 10 Maths Samacheer Question 1
Using the functions f and g given below, find fog and gof. Check whether fog = gof.
(i) f(x) = x – 6, g(x) = x²
(ii) f(x) = \(\frac{2}{x}\), g(x) = 2x² – 1
(iii) f(x) = \(\frac{x+6}{3}\) g(x) = 3 – x
(iv) f(x) = 3 + x, g(x) = x – 4
(v) f(x) = 4x²– 1,g(x) = 1 + x
Solution:
(i) f(x) = x – 6, g(x) = x²
fog(x) = f(g(x)) = f(x²) = x² – 6 …………….. (1)
gof(x) = g(f(x)) = g(x – 6) = (x – 6)²
= x² + 36 – 12x = x² – 12x + 36 ……………… (2)
(1) ≠ (2)
∴ fog(x) ≠ gof(x)

(iii) f(x) = \(\frac{x+6}{3}\) g(x) = 3 – x

(iv) f(x) = 3 + x, g(x) = x – 4
fog(x) = f(g(x)) = f(x – 4) = 3 + x – 4
= x – 1 ………… (1)
gof(x) = g(f(x)) = g(3 + x) = 3 + x – 4
= x – 1 ……………… (2)
Here fog(x) = gof(x)

(v) f(x) = 4x² – 1, g(x) = 1 + x
fog(x) = f(g(x)) = f(1 + x) = 4(1 + x)² – 1
= 4(1 + x² + 2x) – 1 = 4 + 4x² + 8x – 1
= 4x² + 8x + 3 ……………. (1)
gof(x) = g(f(x)) = g(4x² – 1)
= 1 + 4x² – 1 = 4x² …………….. (2)
(1) ≠ (2)
∴ fog(x) ≠ gof(x)

10th Maths Exercise 1.5 Samacheer Kalvi Question 2.
Find the value of k, such that f o g = g o f

(i) f(x) = 3x + 2, g(x) = 6x – k
Answer:
f(x) = 3x + 2 ;g(x) = 6x – k
fog = f[g(x)]
= f (6x – k)
= 3(6x – k) + 2
= 18x – 3K + 2
g0f= g [f(x)]
= g (3x + 2)
= 6(3x + 2) – k
= 18x + 12 – k
But given fog = gof.
18x – 3x + 2 = 18x + 12 – k
-3k + 2 = 12 – k
-3 k + k = 12-2
-2k = 10
k = \(\frac { -10 }{ 2 } \) = -5
The value of k = -5

(ii) f(x) = 2x – k, g(x) = 4x + 5
Answer:
f(x) = 2x – k ; g(x) = 4x + 5
fog = f[g(x)]
= f(4x + 5)
= 2(4x + 5) – k
= 8x + 10 – k
gof = g [f(x)]
= g(2x – k)
= 4(2x – k) + 5
= 8x – 4k + 5
But fog = gof
8x + 10 – k = 8x – 4k + 5
-k + 4k = 5 – 10
3k = -5
k = \(\frac { -5 }{ 3 } \)
The value of k = \(\frac { -5 }{ 3 } \)

10th Maths Exercise 1.5 Answers Question 3.
if f(x) = 2x – 1, g(x) = \(\frac{x+1}{2}\), show that fog = gof = x
Solution:
f(x) = 2x – 1, g(x) = \(\frac{x+1}{2}\), fog = gof = x

Ex 1.5 Class 10 Samacheer Question 4.
(i) If f (x) = x² – 1, g(x) = x – 2 find a, if g o f(a) = 1.
(a) Find k, if f(k) = 2k -1 and
fof (k) = 5.
Answer:
(i) f(x) = x² – 1 ; g(x) = x – 2 .
gof = g [f(x)]
= g(x² – 1)
= x² – 1 – 2
= x² – 3
given gof (a) = 1
a² – 3 = 1 [But go f(x) = x² – 3]
a² = 4
a = \(\sqrt { 4 }\) = ± 2
The value of a = ± 2

(ii) f(k) = 2k – 1 ; fof(k) = 5
fof = f[f(k)]
= f(2k – 1)
= 2(2k – 1) – 1
= 4k – 2 – 1
= 4k – 3
fof (k) = 5
4k – 3 = 5
4k = 5 + 3
4k = 8
k = \(\frac { 8 }{ 4 } \) = 2
The value of k = 2

10th Maths Exercise 1.5 Question 5.
Let A,B,C ⊂ N and a function f: A → B be defined by f(x) = 2x + 1 and g : B → C be defined by g(x) = x². Find the range of fog and gof
Solution:
f(x) = 2x + 1
g(x) = x²
fog(x) = fg(x)) = f(x²) = 2x² + 1
gof(x) = g(f(x)) = g(2x + 1) = (2x + 1)²
= 4x² + 4x + 1
Range of fog is
{y/y = 2x² + 1, x ∈ N}
Range of gof is
{y/y = (2x + 1)², x ∈ N}.

10th Maths 1.5 Exercise Question 6.
Let f(x) = x² – 1. Find (i) fof (ii) fofof
Answer:
f(x) = x² – 1
(i) fof = f[f{x)]
= f(x² – 1)
= (x² – 1)² – 1
= x⁴ – 2x² + 1 – 1
= x⁴ – 2x²

(ii) fofof = fof[f(x)]
= fof (x² – 1)
= f(x² – 1)² – 1
= f(x⁴ – 2x² + 1 – 1)
= f (x⁴ – 2x²)
fofof = (x⁴ – 2x²)² – 1

10th Maths Exercise 1.5 In Tamil Question 7.
If f: R → R and g : R → R are defined by f(x) = x⁵ and g(x) = x⁴ then check if f,g are one-one and fog is one-one?
Solution:
f(x) = x⁵
g(x) = x⁴
fog = fog(x) = f(g(x)) = f(x⁴)
= (x⁴)⁵ = x²⁰
f is one-one, g is not one-one.
∵ g(1) = 1⁴ = 1
g(-1) = ( -1)⁴ = 1
Different elements have same images
fog is not one-one. [∵ fog (1) = fog (-1) = 1]

Exercise 1.5 Class 10 Maths Question 8.
Consider the functions f(x), g(x), h(x) as given below. Show that
(f o g) o h = f o(g o h) in each case.
(i) f(x) = x – 1, g(x) = 3x + 1 and h(x) = x²
(ii) f(x) = x², g(x) = 2x and h(x) = x + 4
(iii) f(x) = x – 4, g(x) = x² and h(x) = 3x – 5
Answer:
(i) f(x) = x – 1, g (x) = 3x + 1, h(x) = x²
fog (x) = f[g(x)]
= f(3x + 1)
= 3x + 1 – 1
fog = 3x
(fog) o h(x) = fog [h(x)] ,
= fog (x²)
= 3(x²)
(fog) oh = 3x² …..(1)
goh (x) = g[h(x)]
= g(x²)
= 3(x²) + 1
= 3x² +1
fo(goh) x = f [goh(x)]
= f[3x² + 1]
= 3x² + 1 – 1
= 3x² ….(2)
From (1) and (2) we get
(fog) oh = fo (goh)
Hence it is verified

(ii) f(x) = x² ; g (x) = 2x and h(x) = x + 4
(fog) x = f[g(x)]
= f (2x)
= (2x)²
= 4x²
(fog) oh (x) = fog [h(x)]
= fog (x + 4)
= 4(x + 4)²
= 4[x² + 8x + 16]
= 4x² + 32x + 64 …. (1)
goh (x) = g[h(x)]
= g(x + 4)
= 2(x + 4)
= 2x + 8
fo(goh) x = fo [goh(x)]
= f[2x + 8]
= (2x + 8)²
= 4×2 + 32x + 64 …. (2)
From (1) and (2) we get
(fog) oh = fo(goh)

(iii) f(x) = x – 4 ; g (x) = x²; h(x) = 3x – 5
fog (x) = f[g(x)]
= f(x²)
= x² – 4
(fog) oh (x) = fog [h(x)]
= fog (3x – 5)
= (3x – 5)² – 4
= 9x² – 30x + 25 – 4
= 9x² – 30x + 21 ….(1)
goh (x) = g[h(x)]
= g(3x – 5)
= (3x – 5)²
= 9x² + 25 – 30x
fo(goh)x = f[goh(x)]
= f[9x² – 30x + 25]
= 9x² – 30x + 25 – 4
= 9x² – 30x + 21 ….(2)
From (1) and (2) we get
(fog) oh = fo(goh)

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Book Solutions Question 9.
Let f ={(-1, 3),(0, -1),(2, -9)} be a linear function from Z into Z . Find f(x).
Solution:
f ={(-1, 3), (0, -1), 2, -9)
f(x) = (ax) + b ………… (1)
is the equation of all linear functions.
∴ f(-1) = 3
f(0) = -1
f(2) = -9
f(x) = ax + b
f(-1) = -a + b = 3 …………… (2)
f(0) = b = -1
-a – 1 = 3 [∵ substituting b = – 1 in (2)]
-a = 4
a = -4
The linear function is -4x – 1. [From (1)]

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Maths Exercise 1.5 Question 10.
In electrical circuit theory, a circuit C(t) is called a linear circuit if it satisfies the superposition principle given by C(at₁ + bt₂) = aC(t₁) + bC(t₂), where a, b are constants. Show that the circuit C(t) = 31 is linear.
Answer:
Given C(t) = 3t
C(at₁) = 3at₁ …. (1)
C(bt₂) = 3 bt₂ …. (2)
Add (1) and (2)
C(at₁) + C(bt₂) = 3at₁ + 3bt₂
C(at₁ + bt₂) = 3at₁ + 3bt₂
= Cat₁ + Cbt₂ [from (1) and (2)]
∴ C(at₁ + bt₂) = C(at₁ + bt₂)
Superposition principle is satisfied.
∴ C(t) = 3t is a linear function.

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Solutions Chapter 12 Plant Anatomy and Plant Physiology

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Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Plant Anatomy and Plant Physiology Textual Evaluation Solved

I. Choose the correct answer.

Plant Anatomy And Plant Physiology Class 10 Pdf Question 1.
Casparian strips are present in the ______ of the root.
(a) cortex
(b) pith
(c) pericycle
(d) endodermis.
Answer:
(d) endodermis

Plant Anatomy And Plant Physiology Class 10 Question 2.
The endarch condition is the characteristic feature of:
(a) root
(b) stem
(c) leaves
(d) flower
Answer:
(b) stem

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

10th Science Plant Anatomy And Plant Physiology Question 3.
The xylem and phloem arranged side by side on same radius is called ______.
(a) radial
(b) amphivasal
(c) conjoint
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(c) conjoint

Plant Anatomy And Plant Physiology Class 10 Notes Question 4.
Which is formed during anaerobic respiration?
(a) Carbohydrate
(b) Ethyl alcohol
(c) Acetyl CoA
(d) Pyruvate.
Answer:
(b) Ethyl alcohol

Plant Anatomy And Plant Physiology Class 10 Questions And Answers Question 5.
Kreb’s cycle takes place in:
(a) chloroplast
(b) mitochondrial matrix
(c) stomata
(d) inner mitochondrial membrane
Answer:
(b) mitochondrial matrix

Plant Anatomy And Plant Physiology Question 6.
Oxygen is produced at what point during photosynthesis?
(a) when ATP is converted to ADP
(b) when CO₂ is fixed
(c) when H₂O is splitted
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(b) when CO₂ is fixed

II. Fill in the blanks

10th Science Plant Anatomy And Physiology Question 1.
Cortex lies between ______.
Answer:
Epidermis and endodermis.

Plant Anatomy And Plant Physiology Class 10 One Mark Questions Question 2.
Xylem and phloem occur on the same radius constitute a vascular bundle called ______.
Answer:
Conjoint.

Plant Anatomy And Plant Physiology Book Back Answers Question 3.
Glycolysis takes place in ______.
Answer:
The cytoplasm of the cell.

10th Science 12th Chapter 12 Question 4.
The source of O₂ liberated in photosynthesis is ______.
Answer:
Byproduct.

Plant Anatomy And Plant Physiology Class 10 In Tamil Question 5.
________ is ATP factory of the cells.
Answer:
Mitochondria.

III. State whether the statements are true or false. Correct the false statement

Plant Anatomy And Plant Physiology Meaning In Tamil Question 1.
Phloem tissue is involved in the transport of water in a plant.
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: Phloem tissue is involved in the transport of food in plants.

10th Science Plant Anatomy And Plant Physiology Book Back Answers Question 2.
The waxy protective covering of a plant is called cuticle.
Answer:
True.

Plants Anatomy And Physiology Question 3.
In monocot, stem cambium is present in between xylem and phloem.
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: In monocot stem, the cambium is absent in between xylem and phloem.

Plant Anatomy And Physiology Question 4.
Palisade parenchyma cells occur below the upper epidermis in dicot root.
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: Palisade parenchyma cells occur below the upper epidermis in dicot leaf.

Plant Anatomy And Physiology Class 10 Pdf Question 5.
Mesophyll contains chlorophyll.
Answer:
True.

Question 6.
Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration.
Answer:
True.

IV. Match the following

Question 1.

1. Amphicribal	(a) Dracaena
2. Cambium	(b) Translocation of food
3. Amphivasal	(c) Fern
4. Xylem	(d) Secondary growth
5. Phloem	(e) Conduction of water

Answer:
1. (c) Fem
2. (d) Secondary growth
3. (a) Dracaena
4. (e) Conduction of water
5. (b) Translocation of food.

V. Answer in a Sentence

Question 1.
What is the collateral vascular bundle?
Answer:
When xylem lies towards the centre and phloem lies towards the periphery, it is called the collateral vascular bundle.

Question 2.
Where does the carbon that is used in photosynthesis come from?
Answer:
Carbondioxide present in atmosphere.

Question 3.
What is the common step in the aerobic and anaerobic pathway?
Answer:
Glycolysis is the common step in the aerobic and anaerobic pathway.

Question 4.
Name the phenomenon by which carbohydrates are oxidized to release ethyl alcohol.
Answer:
Fermentation (Anaerobic respiration)

VI. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Give an account on a vascular bundle of dicot stem.
Answer:
The vascular bundles of dicot stem are:

• Conjoint: Xylem and phloem lie on the same radius.
• Collateral: Xylem lies towards the centre and phloem lies towards the periphery.
• Endarch: Protoxylem lies towards the centre and metaxylem lies towards the periphery.
• Open: The cambium is present in between xylem and phloem.

The vascular bundles are arranged in the form of a ring around the pith.

Question 2.
Write a short note on mesophyll.
Answer:
The tissue present between the upper and lower epidermis in leaf is called mesophyll. It is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma.

Question 3.
Draw and label the structure of oxysomes.
Answer:

Question 4.
Name the three basic tissues system in flowering plants.
Answer:
The three basic tissue system in flowering plants are:

1. Dermal or Epidermal tissue system
2. Ground tissue system
3. Vascular tissue system

Question 5.
What is photosynthesis and wherein a cell does it occur?
Answer:
Photosynthesis is a process in which the green plants use sunlight and the green pigment chlorophyll, to synthesize, nutrients from carbon dioxide from air and water. The photosynthesis occurs in green parts of the plant such as leaves, stems and floral buds.

Question 6.
What is respiratory quotient?
Answer:
The ratio of volume of carbon dioxide liberated and the volume of oxygen consumed, during respiration is called Respiratory Quotient (R.Q)
\(\mathrm{R} . \mathrm{Q} .=\frac{\text { Volume of } \mathrm{CO}_{2} \text { liberated }}{\text { Volume of } \mathrm{O}_{2} \mathrm{consumed}}\)

Question 7.
Why should the light dependent reaction occur before the light independent reaction?
Answer:
During light dependent reaction photosynthesis pigment absorb the light energy and convert it into chemical energy ATP and NADPH₂.
During light independent CO₂ is reduced into carbohydrates with the help of ATP and NADPH₂ produced during light dependent reaction.

Question 8.
Write the reaction for photosynthesis.
Answer:

VII. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
Differentiate the following
(a) Monocot root and Dicot root
(b) Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration.
Answer:
(a) Monocot root and Dicot root

Dicot Root	Monocot Root
1. The Xylem is Tetrarch	1. The Xylem is Polyarch.
2. The conjunctive tissue is made up of parenchyma cells.	2. The conjunctive tissue is made up of sclerenchyma cells.
3. The young root contains a path, but in the old root, pith is absent.	3. Pith cells are made of parenchyma cells with intercellular spaces and contain abundant starch grains.
4. Cambium is present during secondary growth.	4. Cambium is absent.
5. Secondary growth is present.	5. Secondary growth is absent.

(b) Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration

Aerobic	Anaerobic
1. Occur in the presence of oxygen.	1. Occurs, when oxygen is absent.
2. Carbon dioxide, water and ATP are produced.	2. Lactic acid, Ethanol and ATP are produced.
3. It consists of 3 steps: Glycolysis Kreb’s cycle Electron transport chain	3. It consists of 2 steps: Glycolysis Fermentation (Ethyl alcohol or Lactic acid are produced)

Question 2.
Describe and name three stages of cellular respiration that aerobic organisms use to obtain energy from glucose.
Answer:
The three stages of Aerobic respiration are:
(i) Glycolysis (Glucose splitting): It is the breakdown of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. It is the first step of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

(ii) Krebs Cycle: This cycle occurs in the mitochondria matrix. At the end of glycolysis, 2 molecules of pyruvic acid enter into mitochondria. The oxidation of pyruvic acid into CO₂ and water takes place through this cycle. It is also called the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA).

(iii) Electron Transport Chain: This is accomplished through a system of electron carrier complex called electron transport chain (ETC) located on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. NADH₂ and FADH₂ molecules formed during glycolysis and Krebs cycle are oxidised to NAD⁺ and FAD⁺ to release the energy via electrons. As they move, the electron release energy which is trapped by ADP to synthesis ATP. This is called oxidative phosphorylation. In this O₂ gets reduced to water.

Question 3.
How does the light – dependent reaction differ from the light – independent reaction? What are the end products and reactants in each? Where does each reaction occur within the chloroplast?
Answer:
Light – dependent photosynthesis is called Hill reaction or Light reaction. The Light independent reactions are called Biosynthetic phase.

Light-dependent reaction	Light independent reaction
1. It is called Hill reaction or Light reaction.	1. It is called Dark reaction or Biosynthetic pathway or the Calvin cycle.
2. The reaction is carried out in Thylakoid membranes (Grana) of the chloroplast.	2. This reaction is carried out in the stroma of the chloroplast.
3. Photosynthetic pigments absorb the light energy and convert it into chemical energy ATP and NADPH2.	3. CO2 is reduced into carbohydrates with the help of light generated ATP and NADPH2.
4. It is carried out in the presence of light.	4. It is carried out in the absence of light.

In the light – dependent reaction, the chlorophyll absorbs the light energy and convert it into chemical energy ATP and NADPH₂. In the light – independent reaction, CO₂ is reduced into carbohydrates with the help of light generated ATP and NADPH₂. The light – dependent reaction is carried out in the Grana of the chloroplast. The Light independent reaction is carried out in the stroma of the chloroplast.

VIII. Higher Order Thinking Skills(HOTS) Questions

Question 1.
The reactions of photosynthesis make up a biochemical pathway.
(A) What are the reactants and products for both light and dark reactions?
(B) Explain how the biochemical pathway of photosynthesis recycles many of its own reactions and identify the recycled reactants.
Answer:
(a) Light reactions are carried out in the Thylakoid membranes (Grana) of the chloroplast which use water and energy from the Sun to produce NADPH, ATP and Oxygen. The Dark reaction is carried out in the stroma of the chloroplast. It uses NADPH, ATP and CO₂ and produces NADP + ADP + P and high energy sugars.

(b) The Light reactions use light to synthesize ATP and NADPH. The dark reaction or Calvin cycle uses these reactants to produce sugar from additional CO₂ molecule. This cycle then produces NAP + ADP + P; (inorganic phosphate) which is used in the light reactions, with water molecules to produce ATP and NADPH again.

Question 2.
Where do the light-dependent reaction and the Calvin cycle occur in the chloroplast?
Answer:
Light-dependent reaction takes place in the presence of light energy in thylakoid membranes (grana) of the chloroplast Calvin cycle occurs at the stroma of the chloroplast.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Plant Anatomy and Plant Physiology Additional Questions Solved

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
The father of Plant Anatomy is _____.
(a) Melvin Calvin
(b) C.N.R. Rao
(c) Robin Hill
(d) Nehemiah Grew.
Answer:
(d) Nehemiah Grew.

Question 2.
The passage cells are found in endodermis of:
(a) dicot stem
(b) monocot stem
(c) dicot root
(d) dicot leaf
Answer:
(c) dicot root

Question 3.
The vascular bundle consists of _____.
(a) Xylem and Phloem
(b) Hypodermis and Endodermis
(c) Cortex and Pericycle
(d) Pith and Stele.
Answer:
(a) Xylem and Phloem

Question 4.
The vascular bundles are skull shaped in:
(a) dicot root
(b) monocot root
(c) dicot stem
(d) monocot stem
Answer:
(d) monocot stem

Question 5.
The protoxylem lacuna is present in the vascular bundles of:
(a) dicot root
(b) monocot root
(c) dicot stem
(d) monocot stem
Answer:
(d) monocot stem

II. Fill in the blanks

Question 1.
The epidermis has many minute pores called _____.
Answer:
Stomata.

Question 2.
Epiblema, the outermost layer of the root is called ____ or _____ layer.
Answer:
Rhizodermis or Piliferous.

Question 3.
All the tissues, inner to Endodermis constitute _____.
Answer:
Stele.

Question 4.
______ provides mechanical support to plants.
Answer:
Sclerenchyma.

Question 5.
The barrel-shaped innermost layer of Dicot stem Endodermis is also called _____.
Answer:
Starch Sheath.

Question 6.
Each vascular bundle of monocot stem is surrounded by a few-layer of sclerenchyma cells called _____.
Answer:
Bundle Sheath

Question 7.
______ consists of sieve tubes and elements of companion cells.
Answer:
Phloem.

III. State whether the statements are true or false. Correct the false statement.

Question 1.
Pith is differentiated in monocot stems.
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: Pith is not differentiated in monocot stems.

Question 2.
In monocot leaves, the mesophyll is not differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
Dicot leaf is an isobilateral leaf.
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: Monocot leaf is an isobilateral leaf.

Question 4.
The lateral roots of dicot plant originate from the stele.
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: The lateral roots of dicot plant originate from the pericycle.

Question 5.
Cuticle and Stomata are absent in Epiblema of Dicot root.
Answer:
True.

IV. Match the following

Question 1.

1. Leukoplast	(a) Photosystems
2. Accessory pigments	(b) Inner mitochondrial membrane
3. Chlorophyll	(c) Chlorophyll and Carotenoids
4. Cristae	(d) Colourless plastids
5. Chl.a and Accessory pigments	(e) Green pigment

Answer:
1. (d) Colourless plastids
2. (c) Chlorophyll and Carotenoids
3. (e) Green pigment
4. (b) Inner mitochondrial membrane
5. (a) Photosystems.

V. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Where does the break down of pyruvate to give carbondioxide, water and energy takes place?
Answer:
The break down of pyruvate to give carbondioxide. water and energy takes place in Mitochondria.

Question 2.
Draw the overview of Hill and Calvin Cycle.
Answer:

Question 3.
Name the energy currency in the living organism. When and where it is produced?
Answer:
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is called the energy currency in the living organism. It is produced in mitochondria during the process of respiration.

Question 4.
What are Bulliform cells?
Answer:
Some of the upper epidermal cells of monocot leaves are large and thin-walled. So they are called Bulliform cells.

Question 5.
Label the parts of the transverse section of Dicot Root.
Answer:

Question 6.
Define conjuctive tissue.
Answer:
The tissue present between xylem and phloem is called conjuctive tissue. In monocot the conjuctive tissue is sclerenchymatous tissue and in dicot it is parenchymatous tissue.

Question 7.
List out the two important factors which affect photosynthesis.
Answer:

1. Internal Factors:
   • Pigments
   • Leafage
   • Accumulation of carbohydrates
   • Hormones
2. External Factors:
   • Light
   • Carbon dioxide
   • Temperature
   • Water
   • Mineral elements

Question 8.
Mention the components and functions of different Tissue Systems.
Answer:

Tissue System	Components	Functions
Dermal Tissue System	Epidermis and Periderm (in older stems and roots)	Protection Prevention of water loss
Ground Tissue System	Parenchyma tissue Collenchyma tissue Sclerenchyma tissue	Photosynthesis Food storage Regeneration Support Protection
Vascular Tissue System	Vascular tissues Phloem tissue Xylem tissue	Transport of water and minerals Transport of food

VI. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
(a) Label the parts of the Transverse section of a monocot stem.
(b) Mention the differences between Dicot and Monocot stem.
Answer:
(a)

(b)

Tissues	Dicot Stem	Monocot stem
1. Hypodermis	collenchymatous	Sclerenchymatous
2. Ground tissue	Differentiated into cortex, endodermis, pericycle and pith	Undifferentiated
3. Vascular bundles	Less in number Uniform in size Arranged in a ring Open Bundle sheath absent	Numerous Smaller near periphery, bigger in the centre Scattered Closed Bundle sheath present
4. Secondary growth	Present	Mostly absent
5. Pith	Present	Absent
6. Medullary rays	Present	Absent

Question 2.
With a labelled diagram, explain the structure and function of mitochondria.
Answer:
Mitochondrial Membranes: It consists of two membranes called inner and outer membrane. Each membrane is 60 – 70 A° thick. The outer mitochondrial membrane is smooth and freely permeable to most small molecules. It contains enzymes, proteins and lipids. It has porin molecules (proteins) which form channels for passage of molecules through it.

The inner mitochondrial membrane is semi – permeable membrane and regulates the passage of materials into and out of the mitochondria. It is rich in enzymes and carrier proteins. It consists of 80% of proteins and lipids.

Cristae: The inner mitochondrial membrane gives rise to finger-like projections called cristae. These cristae increase the inner surface area (fold in the inner membrane) of the mitochondria to hold a variety of enzymes.

Oxysomes: The inner mitochondrial membrane bear minute regularly spaced tennis racket shaped particles known as oxysomes (F₁ particle). They involve in ATP synthesis.

Mitochondrial matrix: It is a complex mixture of proteins and lipids. The matrix contains enzymes for Krebs cycle, mitochondrial ribosomes(70 S), tRNAs and mitochondrial DNA.

Question 3.
(a) Draw and label the ultrastructure of a chloroplast.
(b) Write the structure and function of the chloroplast.
Answer:
(a) Ultra Structure of a Chloroplast.

(b) Structure and function of Chloroplast.
Chloroplasts are green plastids, containing the green pigment called Chlorophyll. It has the following structures:

1. Envelope: It has outer and inner membranes, which are separated by intermembrane space.
2. Stroma: Matrix present inside to the membrane is called stroma, which contains DNA, 70 S ribosomes and other molecules needed for protein synthesis.
3. Thylakoids: It consists of thylakoid membrane that encloses thylakoid lumen. Thylakoid forms a stack of disc – like structures called granum.
4. Grana: Some of the thylakoids are arranged in the form of discs, stacked one above the other called grana. These stacks are termed as grana, they are interconnected to each other by membranous lamellae called Fret channels.

Functions:

• Photosynthesis
• Storage of starch
• Synthesis of fatty acids
• Storage of lipids
• Formation of chloroplasts.

VIII. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions

Question 1.
What are non – green plants? Give an example.
Answer:
The plants, which do not have the green pigment, Chlorophyll and so they cannot prepare their food independently are called non-green plants. Eg. Orchids lack Chlorophyll.

Question 2.
Protophloem is the first formed phloem. If the protophloem surrounds by xylem, what kind of arrangement of phloem would you call it Give example.
Answer:
If the protophloem is surrounded by xylem the vascular bundle is said to be Concentric Amphivasal Vascular bundles. Eg: Dracaena

Question 3.
How does photosynthesis take place on plants that have, red, brown and yellow leaves, and are not green? How do they prepare food?
Answer:
These leaves have a much larger concentration of chromoplasts, which synthesize and store pigments such as orange carotenes, yellow xanthophylls and other red pigments. But these leaves, still possess chlorophyll ‘a’ and chlorophyll ‘b’ and can synthesize food. But these leaves have more chromoplasts and so the leaves do not appear green. Yet they can prepare food.

Question 4.
The cross-section of a plant material shown the following features on viewing under the microscope.
(a) Radially arranged Vascular bundles
(b) Xylem is exarch and polyarch
(c) Metaxylem is polygonal in shape.
Identify the slide.
Answer:
The given features are characters of dicot root.

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