Laxmi

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Grammar Conditional Clause

English Subject experts who are having max years of experience prepared this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 10th English Grammar Conditional Clause Questions and Answers. They have explained all the topics covered in the board prescribed latest syllabus in a simple way to understand easily. So, students can prepare English from this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Questions and Answers PDF. Download the Tamilnadu State Board 10th English Workbook Answers PDF by accessing the below links and learn properly for the final exams to score well.

Definition of a conditional clause
A conditional clause is a type of subordinate clause, most commonly introduced by the conjunction ‘if’ or ‘unless’. Like most subordinate clauses introduced by a conjunction, the conditional clause can either go before the main clause, or after it.

Example:
If I have enough money (conditional clause), I will go to Japan (main clause).

First, Second, and Third Conditional

1. First conditional: If I have enough money, I will go to Japan.
2. Second conditional: If I had enough money, I would go to Japan.
3. Third conditional: If I had, had enough money, I would have gone to Japan.

Learn the following structures and learn the verbs:

1. If you study well,
(simple present)
you will get centum
(simple future)

2. If you studied well,
(simple past)
you would get centum
(future past form)

3. If you had studied well,
(past perfect)
you would have got centum
(future perfect – past form)

As per the aforesaid structures do the following exercises:

1. He wants to pass the test. He has to work harder.
If he wants to pass the test, he has to work harder.

2. You may meet her. Then please ask her to come over here.
If you will meet him, ask her to come over here.

3. We should work hard. Then we will get good marks.
If we work hard, we will get good marks.

4. Obey the rules. Otherwise, you will be punished.
If you do not obey the rules, you will be punished.

5. You have to invite him. He will come.
If you invite him, he will come.

6. I don’t know her email so I can’t send her an invitation
If I knew her email, I could send her an invitation.

7. You waste drinking water now. There will be scarcity of potable water in future.
If you waste drinking water now, there will be scarcity of potable water in future.

8. I was busy so I didn’t have enough time to go to the departmental store.
If I hadn’t been so busy, I would have had enough time to go to the departmental store.

9. Shalini didn’t play tennis because she had broken her leg.
If Shalini hadn’t broken her leg she would have played tennis.

10. I’d like to buy a new bike but I haven’t got enough money.
If I had enough money I would buy a new bike.

Fill in the conditional clause appropriately

1. If you run fast, you ……………………… (catch) the train.
2. If I won a lottery, I ……………………… (buy) a house.
3. I ……………………… (tell) you if I knew the answer.
4. If I were rich, I ……………………… (open) a school for the poor.
5. If he ……………………… (left) early, he might have caught the train.
6. If he ……………………… (inform) me, I would have received him at the railway station.
9. If you ……………………… (meet) him, tell him to come here.
10. If only he ……………………… (remember) to post that letter, I would have received it on time.
Answer:
1. might catch
2. would buy
3. would tell
4. would open
5. had left
6. had informed
7. can take
8. must work
9. should meet
10. had remembered

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Looking to improve English skills and gain more subject knowledge then the best resources that you can use here is Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions for Notice Writing Questions and Answers.

In the Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Guide for textbook solutions, subject experts covered all types of questions and answers related to the topics, quick notes, summary, solved & unsolved exercises, etc. If you are planning to prepare Chapter via textbook, then you’re suggested to go with this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers PDF for better understanding and preparation.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Notice Writing

English Subject experts who are having max years of experience prepared this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 10th English Notice Writing Questions and Answers. They have explained all the topics covered in the board prescribed latest syllabus in a simple way to understand easily. So, students can prepare English from this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Questions and Answers PDF. Download the Tamilnadu State Board 10th English Workbook Answers PDF by accessing the below links and learn properly for the final exams to score well.

A notice is a written or printed news, announcement or information. A notice may contain news/information about something that has happened or is likely to happen. It may be a formal announcement of public importance or an advance warning meant for compliance and information. A notice can be about a meeting, an event, an excursion/a historical trip/a picnic, lost and found, change of name/address/uniform/timings/venue, etc.

Purpose
Notices are effective means of disseminating information related to different issues or occasions. They reach to a large number of persons in a short time. Hence, a notice is written in simple and formal language. It is clear, brief and to the point.

Display
(a) School/College Notice Boards
(b) Newspapers/Magazines
(c) Public Notice Boards

Main Characteristics
(a) Format: It includes the word ‘notice’, date, heading, writer’s name and designation.
(b) Content: It must answer the questions What? When? Where? How? etc.
(c) Expression: It relates to the overall organization and relevance of the content as well as grammatical accuracy and fluency.

Remember:

1. It must contain complete information.
2. The order of the presentation should be clear.
3. State the purpose of notice clearly.
4. Content should include all necessary information, e.g., for a meeting — the time, venue, date and agenda.
5. Use impersonal Language, i.e., third person. Avoid ‘I’ and ‘You’.
6. Give the designation of the writer just below the signature.
7. The date of writing notice is generally at the top.

Format Of A Notice:

Solved Questions

1. You are Rahul/Rashmi. As President of the Literary Club of your school you have organized an inter-school debate competition on the occasion of the Silver Jubilee celebrations of your school. Write a notice in about 50 words, informing the students of your school about the competition.
Answer:

2. You are Pradeep/Asha. As President of the Dramatic Club of your school you have organized an inter-school competition in one-act plays on the occasion of the Silver Jubilee celebrations of your school. Write a notice in about 50 words, informing the students of your school about this proposed event.
Answer:

3. you are Neeraj Sood, the Secretary of Modern Flats Welfare Association, Bangalore. Write a notice to be circulated to the members of the Association, requesting them to attend a meeting to discuss the parking of the vehicles of the residents.
Answer:

4. You are Pragathi/Parthiban. As the secretary, the Science Club of your school writes a notice informing students about an Inter – School Science Exhibition and encouraging them to participate in it.
Answer:

5. On behalf of the Vice-Principal of your school write a notice regarding the implementation of a new school uniform in your school. Mention the given guidelines for purchasing new uniforms and relaxation given to students of some classes. Write the notice in not more than 50 words.
Answer:

We hope the data given here will benefit you to the fullest extent at the time of preparation. For better understanding of English subject this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Answers for Class 10th English Notice Writing PDF is the best resource. Download & ace up your preparation. Keep in touch with us and get the latest information on Tamilnadu State board Textbook Answers PDF.

Looking to improve English skills and gain more subject knowledge then the best resources that you can use here is Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions for Grammar Active And Passive Voice Questions and Answers.

In the Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Guide for textbook solutions, subject experts covered all types of questions and answers related to the topics, quick notes, summary, solved & unsolved exercises, etc. If you are planning to prepare Chapter via textbook, then you’re suggested to go with this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers PDF for better understanding and preparation.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Grammar Active And Passive Voice

English Subject experts who are having max years of experience prepared this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 10th English Grammar Active And Passive Voice Questions and Answers. They have explained all the topics covered in the board prescribed latest syllabus in a simple way to understand easily. So, students can prepare English from this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Questions and Answers PDF. Download the Tamilnadu State Board 10th English Workbook Answers PDF by accessing the below links and learn properly for the final exams to score well.

There are two ways of expressing an action by using a transitive verb.
Read the following sentences:

1. Magesh killed a rat.
2. A rat was killed by Magesh..

These two sentences have the same meaning. These are simply two different ways of saying the same thing. There is, however, a shift in stress on the agent and also a change in the form of verb. In sentence (i), the subject ‘Magesh ‘ is the ‘doer of the action. It acts or is active. So the verb ‘killed’ is in active voice.

In sentence (ii), the subject ‘A rat’ is the ‘receiver’ of action. It suffers the action done by someone else (Magesh, in this case). It is acted upon. So the verb ‘was killed’ is in passive voice.

A. Rewrite the following sentences using passive voice:
1. This mango tastes sweet.
This mango is sweet when tasted.

2. The rose smells sweet.
The rose is sweet when smelt.

3. Grass grows over the fields.
The fields are overgrown with grass.

4. It is time to ring the bell.
It is time for the bell to be rung.

5. This bottle contains milk.
Milk is contained in this bottle.

6. One must do one’s duty.
Duty must be done.

7. Your shirt needs washing.
Your shirt needs to be washed.

8. She accused him of theft.
He was accused of theft by her.

9. She might win the match.
The match might be won by her.

10. How will you cross the river?
How will the river be crossed by you?

11. When did you write the letter?
When was the letter written by you?

12. Have you taught the boy?
Has the boy been taught by you?

13. Why did she beat the servant?
Why was the servant beaten by her?

14. Where will you spend your holidays?
Where will your holidays be spent by you?

15. Light the lamp.
Let the lamp be lighted.

16. People harvest water during the rainy season.
Water is harvested by people during the rainy season.

17. Rekha has forgotten the answer to the first question. She is answering the last question now.
The answer to the first question has been forgotten by Rekha. Now, the last question is being answered by her.

18. He does not obey his teachers.
His teachers are not obeyed by him.

19. I shall help him.
He will be helped by me.

20. You will not disturb me.
I shall not be disturbed by you.

B. Rewrite the following sentences using active voice:
I. By whom are you taught Physics?
Who teaches you Physics?

2. What was bought by her?
What did she buy?

3. By whom will the bill be paid?
Who will pay the bill?

4. A letter was being written by him.
He was writing a letter.

5. My work was not being done by me.
I was not doing my work.

6. Was hockey being played by the children?
Were the children playing hockey?

7. The food had already been cooked by her.
She had already cooked the food.

8. By whose team had the match been won?
Whose team had won the match?

9. You are requested to post this letter.
Please post this letter.

10. You are advised to work hard.
Work hard.

11. Was the window broken by him?
Did he break the window?

12. What is wanted by you?
What do you want?

13. The match might be won by her.
She might win the match.

14. My proposal was objected to by her.
She objected to my proposal.

15. His request was acceded to by us.
We acceded to his request.

16. It is said that he is a rich man.
People say that he is a rich man.

17. I am surprised at your behavior.
Your behavior surprises me.

18. Milk is contained in this bottle.
This bottle contains milk.

19. Is French spoken by them?
Do they speak French?

20. From where was this pen bought by you?
Where did you buy this pen from?

We hope the data given here will benefit you to the fullest extent at the time of preparation. For better understanding of English subject this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Answers for Class 10th English Grammar Active And Passive Voice PDF is the best resource. Download & ace up your preparation. Keep in touch with us and get the latest information on Tamilnadu State board Textbook Answers PDF.

Looking to improve English skills and gain more subject knowledge then the best resources that you can use here is Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions for Grammar Do As Directed Transformation and Synthesis Questions and Answers.

In the Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Guide for textbook solutions, subject experts covered all types of questions and answers related to the topics, quick notes, summary, solved & unsolved exercises, etc. If you are planning to prepare Chapter via textbook, then you’re suggested to go with this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers PDF for better understanding and preparation.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Grammar Do As Directed: Transformation and Synthesis

English Subject experts who are having max years of experience prepared this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 10th English Grammar Do As Directed Transformation and Synthesis Questions and Answers. They have explained all the topics covered in the board prescribed latest syllabus in a simple way to understand easily. So, students can prepare English from this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Questions and Answers PDF. Download the Tamilnadu State Board 10th English Workbook Answers PDF by accessing the below links and learn properly for the final exams to score well.

Reported Speech/Direct And Indirect Speech
A. Write what the people actually said:

1. Neela advised her friend not to go too near the lion’s cage.
Neela told her friend, “Don’t go very near the lion’s cage”.

2. Anu asked Ajith when the film was going to begin.
Anu said to Ajith, “When is the film going to begin?”.

3. Dhoni exclaimed that it was an amazing performance by Indian test Cricket team.
Dhoni said, “What an amazing performance by Indian test cricket team!”.

4. Ajay exclaimed that the Tajmahal was a wonderful monument.
Ajay said, “What a wonderful monument Tajmahal is!”

5. The conservator of museum said to the tourists that they should not deface the monuments.
The conservator of museum said to the tourists, “You should not deface the monuments”.

6. Gopinath told Sindhu that he would support her at any cost.
Gopinath said to Sindhu, “I will support you at any cost”.

7. Mom advised her daughter not to waste water.
Mom said to her daughter, “Don’t waste water”.

8. The teacher said that opportunities seldom knock twice.
The teacher said, “Opportunities seldom knock twice”.

9. The talking doll asked him whether he knew the secret of life.
The talking doll said to him, “Do you know the secret of life”?

10. Kavin told his grandmother that he would help her to change her glasses.
Kavin said to his grandmother, “I will help you to change your glasses”.

11. The doctor asked Kama if he had got the tests done.
Doctor asked Kama, “Have you got the tests done?”.

12. Reema asked Yogesh how he was.
Reema said to Yogesh, “Hi Yash! How are you?”

13. Malini asked Hari where he was yesterday.
Malini said to Hari, “Where were you yesterday?”

14. Ankit told the teacher that he had caught a fever the previous day.
Ankit said, “Ma’am yesterday I caught a fever.”

15. Ram exclaimed that he is really excited to be in Thanjavur.
Ram said, “I am really excited to be in Thanjavur.”

B. Report the actual words of the speaker:

1. Karthick told his parents, “I want to pursue agriculture”.
Karthick told his parents that he wanted to pursue agriculture.

2. Prabu said to Soundar, “Can you please lend me your Math note book for copying?” Prabu requested Soundar whether (if) he could lend his Math note book for copying.

3. The passenger told the conductor, “Hey, you are standing on my toes”.
The passenger shouted at the .conductor that he was standing on his toes.

4. Minister said to the security officer, “Send away the contractor from here right now.”
Minister ordered the security officer to send away the contractor from there right then.

5. The teacher said to Radha, “can you give a reason for your poor marks in math?”
The teacher asked Radha whether in Math she could give a reason for poor marks.

6. Guru said to Mukhil, “I have completed my assignment. I need to take rest for some time”.
Guru told Mukhil that he had completed his assignment and he needed to take rest for some time.

7. Praveen said, “I don’t go to movies often, and my mother wifi not allows it”.
Praveen, said that he does not go to movies often and his mother would not allow that.

8. “What a beautiful view it is!” said my friend.
My friend exclaimed that it was a very beautiful view.

9. The blind lady said to the student, “please help me cross the road”.
The blind lady requested the student to help her cross the road.

10. The teacher said to the boy, “I have often warned you to concentrate on your studies”.
The teacher told the boy that he had often warned him to concentrate on his studies.

11. Nathen said to his mother, “I could not call my English tutor.”
Nathen told his mother that he could not call his English tutor.

12. Servant said to the master, “Give me my salary”.
The servant asked the master to give him his salary.

13. Husband said to the Doctor, “Doctor, what will the total expenses be In the end?”
The husband asked the doctor what the total expenses would be in the end,

14. Na render said to Reshma, “I am fine and fit.”
Narendra told Reshma that he was fine and fit.

15. Rohan said to Kathir, “I went to my maternal uncle’s home.”
Rohan told Kathir that he had gone to his maternal uncle’s home.

We hope the data given here will benefit you to the fullest extent at the time of preparation. For better understanding of English subject this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Answers for Class 10th English Grammar Do As Directed Transformation and Synthesis PDF is the best resource. Download & ace up your preparation. Keep in touch with us and get the latest information on Tamilnadu State board Textbook Answers PDF.

Looking to improve English skills and gain more subject knowledge then the best resources that you can use here is Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions for Picture Comprehension Questions and Answers.

In the Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Guide for textbook solutions, subject experts covered all types of questions and answers related to the topics, quick notes, summary, solved & unsolved exercises, etc. If you are planning to prepare Chapter via textbook, then you’re suggested to go with this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers PDF for better understanding and preparation.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Picture Comprehension

English Subject experts who are having max years of experience prepared this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 10th English Picture Comprehension Questions and Answers. They have explained all the topics covered in the board prescribed latest syllabus in a simple way to understand easily. So, students can prepare English from this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Questions and Answers PDF. Download the Tamilnadu State Board 10th English Workbook Answers PDF by accessing the below links and learn properly for the final exams to score well.

Look at the picture given below and answer the following question in one or two sentences of your own:
1.

(a) What is funny about this picture?
A donkey carrying a car in its cart.

(b) Can you guess why the car rides over a cart?
Perhaps the car cannot be repaired.
So, It is taken to a scrap dealer.

(c) Why does the driver sit on the car?
Perhaps the driver wants to stay safe. So, he is seated on the car.

(d) Will PETA approve of this practice? Why?
No, PETA will object as the poor animal is over burdened.

(e) Is there a hidden message pertaining to environment? What is it?
Yes, if we deplete the fossil fuels in such a rapid pace, cars will be there but we would need donkeys to pull them or carry them.

2.

(a) What is the man doing?
The man is taking a photo.

(b) What is he?
He is a wild life photographer.

(c) Do leopards always behave like the one in the picture?
No, leopards stay away from humans

(d) Why does the leopard cub trust the photographer?
The young cub knows intuitively that the photographer loves wild animals. It just reciprocates his love and trust.

(e) Why do we have very few wild life photographers?
To shoot animals with a camera when they roam freely in the woods is very risky. So, we have very few wild life photographers.

3.

(a) What are these athletes involved in?
These athletes are involved in a Marathon race.

(b) Do the athletes belong to the same nation? How?
No, the athletes are from different nations.

(c) Why does this picture appeal to you?
One of the athlete regards her peer as a fellow human and not as a competitor and she gives him water. It is more appealing to me because they are physically challenged

(d) Why is the Marathon race challenge?
One has to ran a very long distance. This requires high energy levels and pacing of the running cleverly. Clever ones run a steady pace for a long time. They accelerate speed in the last lap when most others are exhausted.

(e) What do you learn from this picture?
If a differently-abled person with no hands could take part in a Marathon race with confidence, we could also face challenges in life with confidence.

4.

(a) How is education important to boys and girls from low-income groups?
Education is a tune-tested weapon against poverty. So, it is important for boys and girls from low-income groups.

(b) How is this classroom different’?
In this classroom, students are seated very close to the teacher in a semi-circle. The teacher-student ratio is extremely good.

(c) What is the advantage of this strategic seating arrangement?
The teacher can look at everyone’s face and even the meekest voices of children can he heard. A good rapport is possible. .

(d) Arc the children misusing freedom? How?
No, the children observe classroom mies. A boy raises his hand to express his views on a particular topic.

5.

(a) What picture is this?
The picture is a Boarding pass.

(b) Name the mode of transportation.
The mode of transportation is Arop1ane.

(e) Which gate should the passenger enter through?
The passenger should enter through Gate B42.

(d) When is the flight expected to take off?
The flight is expected to take off at 11:40

(e) Is the flight journey by economical class?
No, the flight journey is by First class and not economical class.

We hope the data given here will benefit you to the fullest extent at the time of preparation. For better understanding of English subject this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Answers for Class 10th English Picture Comprehension PDF is the best resource. Download & ace up your preparation. Keep in touch with us and get the latest information on Tamilnadu State board Textbook Answers PDF.

Looking to improve English skills and gain more subject knowledge then the best resources that you can use here is Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions for Slogan Writing Questions and Answers.

In the Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Guide for textbook solutions, subject experts covered all types of questions and answers related to the topics, quick notes, summary, solved & unsolved exercises, etc. If you are planning to prepare Chapter via textbook, then you’re suggested to go with this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers PDF for better understanding and preparation.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Slogan Writing

English Subject experts who are having max years of experience prepared this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 10th English Slogan Writing Questions and Answers. They have explained all the topics covered in the board prescribed latest syllabus in a simple way to understand easily. So, students can prepare English from this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Questions and Answers PDF. Download the Tamilnadu State Board 10th English Workbook Answers PDF by accessing the below links and learn properly for the final exams to score well.

Match the products with their slogans
1.

Answer:
(i) – (c)
(ii) – (a)
(iii) – (d)
(iv) – (b)

2.

Answer:
(i) – (c)
(ii) – (d)
(iii) – (b)
(iv) – (a)

3

Answer:
(i) – (c)
(ii) – (d)
(iii) – (a)
(iv) – (b)

4.

Answer:
(i) – (d)
(ii) – (c)
(iii) – (b)
(iv) – (a)

5.

Answer:
(i) – (b)
(ii) – (d)
(iii) – (a)
(iv) – (c)

6.

Answer:
(i) (c)
(ii) (a)
(iii) (d) (iv) (b)

7.

Answer:
(i) – (b)
(ii) – (d)
(iii) – (a)
(iv) – (c)

8.

Answer:
(i) – (b)
(ii) – (c)
(iii) – (d)
(iv) – (a)

Write a slogan for the given pictures
1.

Let’s grow green and make globe clean!

2.

Don’t drink and drive and you’ll stay alive

3.

It guarantees safety

4.

Lock and travel in peace

5.

Forget yourself with its milky taste

6.

Head gear, no fear

We hope the data given here will benefit you to the fullest extent at the time of preparation. For better understanding of English subject this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Answers for Class 10th English Slogan Writing PDF is the best resource. Download & ace up your preparation. Keep in touch with us and get the latest information on Tamilnadu State board Textbook Answers PDF.

Looking to improve English skills and gain more subject knowledge then the best resources that you can use here is Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions for Grammar Modals Questions and Answers.

In the Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Guide for textbook solutions, subject experts covered all types of questions and answers related to the topics, quick notes, summary, solved & unsolved exercises, etc. If you are planning to prepare Chapter via textbook, then you’re suggested to go with this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers PDF for better understanding and preparation.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Grammar Modals

English Subject experts who are having max years of experience prepared this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 10th English Grammar Modals Questions and Answers. They have explained all the topics covered in the board prescribed latest syllabus in a simple way to understand easily. So, students can prepare English from this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Book Questions and Answers PDF. Download the Tamilnadu State Board 10th English Workbook Answers PDF by accessing the below links and learn properly for the final exams to score well.

General Characteristics Of Modals
1. Modals are never used alone. A Principal verb is either present or implied;
as—
I can sing. He will help you.

2. Modals do not change according to the number or person of the subject;
as—
I can. We can. You can. He can. They can. etc.
I may. We may. You may. He may. They may. etc.

3. Modals have no Infinitive, Present Participle or Past Participle forms.
4. Modals cannot be used in all the tenses. When a modal does not fall in this pattern, it works as a Principal Verb;
as—
God willed so.
Heiny needs a pen.
Malathi dared to go into the dark forest.
(Here will, need and dare are used as main verbs)

Relationship of Modals with Tenses
(i) May, can, shall and will are in present forms while might, could, should and would are their past forms.
The two forms express different meanings, but usually no difference of time, e.g. the difference between may and might is often that of degree of probability,

as—
Sheela may come today. (possibility/likely to happen)
Sandra might come today. (remote possibility/less likely)

(ii) However, if the verb in the main clause is in the past tense, the forms might, could, should and would serve as regular past tenses;

as—

1. He said, “I can help you.”
   He said that he could help her.
2. You said, “She will come back soon.”
   You said that she would come back soon.
3. Sheetal said, “May I use this pen, madam?”
   Sheetal asked her teacher if she might use that pen.

(iii) When we want to express the past time in verb phrases involving modals, we use the Present Perfect Tense of the Principal Verb;
as-
Senthil must have reached home by now.
You ought to have told me all the facts.

Quasi / Semi Modals
Quasi modals are also called semi-modals. There are four quasi modals: ‘used to’, ‘need to’, ‘dare to’ and ‘ought to’.

Fill in the blanks choosing the correct modal given within the brackets to suit the sentence.
1. They ……………………….. (can/might) be away for the weekend but I’m not sure.
2. You ……………………….. (may/might) leave now if you want to.
3. ……………………….. (Could/Might) you open the door a bit, please?
4. He ……………………….. (can/could) be a Bengali, judging by his accent.
5 ……………………….. (May/Can) you play the violin?
6. Listen, carefully, you (may not/might not) ……………………….. speak during this exam.
7. They ……………………….. (can’t/may not) still be out!
8. You ……………………….. (mustn’t/might not) smoke on the bus.
9. With luck, tomorrow ……………………….. (can/could) be a rainy day.
10. You (can/might) ……………………….. be right but I’m going back to check anyway.
11. I don’t know Hindi and so I ……………………….. (must/should) learn before I go to Delhi.
12. ……………………….. you stand upside down for a minute? No, I (can’t/could)
13. You ……………………….. leave small objects lying around. Children swallow it by mistake, (shouldn’t /may)
14. This is a public place. You ……………………….. (must/should) not smoke.
15. ……………………….. (May/Can) I ask a question?
16. He had been toiling for the past fifteen hours. He ……………………….. (must/should) be exhausted.
17. Drivers ……………………….. (must/should) stop the vehicle when they see the red signal.
18. According to the weather forecast, it ……………………….. (will/may) rain tomorrow.
19. Please try to reach the venue before me. I ……………………….. (will/may) be late.
20 ……………………….. (Could/Would) you mind lifting this box for me?
21. Anyone ……………………….. (can/could) come for a trial but it was up to Sir to decide who to accept.
22. Ajit was called aside and suggested that he ……………………….. (must/should) bring me back when I was a little older.
23. My induction into the Mumbai cricket circuit ……………………….. (could/may) have ended in failure.
24. I was delighted and I ……………………….. (must/should) say it was an opportunity that transformed my life.
25. The schedule was rigorous and Sachin ……………………….. (must/would) be exhausted by the end of the day.
26. I am sure that Zigzag ……………………….. (must/should) be Uncle Somu’s pet snake.
27. Some ……………………….. (might/can) be your best friend, but most of them were absolute nuisances!
28. You ……………………….. (may/can’t) deny that it was a great hit with everyone.
29. ……………………….. (Can/May) I take Zigzag to school, Papa?
30. He ……………………….. (can/could) even recite French Poetry!
Answer:
1. might 2. may 3. Could 4. could 5. Can 6. may not 7. can’t 8. mustn’t 9. could 10. might
11. must 12. Could/can’t 13. shouldn’t/may 14. must 15. May 16. must 17. should 18. will 19. may 20. Would
21. could 22. should 23. could 24. must 25. would 26. must 27. might 28. can’t 29. May. 30. can

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TN State Board 11th Commerce Previous Year Question Paper June 2019 English Medium

Instructions:

1.  The question paper comprises of four parts.
2.  You are to attempt all the parts. An internal choice of questions is provided wherever applicable.
3. questions of Part A, B. C and IV are to be attempted separately
4. Question numbers 1 to 20 in Part A are objective type questions of one -mark each. These are to be answered by choosing the most suitable answer from the given four alternatives and writing the option code and the corresponding answer
5. Question numbers 21 to 30 in Part B are two-marks questions. These are to be answered in about one or two sentences.
6. Question numbers 31 to 40 in Parr C are three-marks questions, These are to be answered in about three to five short sentences.
7. Question numbers 41 to 47 in Part D are five-marks questions. These are to be answered) in detail. Draw diagrams wherever necessary.

Time: 2\(\frac{1}{2}\) Hours
Maximum Marks: 90

Part – A

Choose the correct answer. Answer all the questions: [20 × 1 = 20]

Question 1.
Hindrance of place is removed by …………
(a) Transport
(b) Warehouse
(c) Salesman
(d) Insurance
Answer:
(a) Transport

Question 2.
Which one of the following is not the characteristics of sole trading?
(a) Ownership by one man
(b) Limited Liability
(c) Enjoying entire profit
(d) Maintenance of secrecy.
Answer:
(b) Limited Liability

Question 3.
Registration of partnership is …………
(a) Compulsory
(b) Optional
(c) Not necessary
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Optional

Question 4.
Rochdale Society of equitable pioneers was started by …………
(a) Robert Owen
(b) H.C. Calvert
(c) Talmaki
(d) Lambert
Answer:
(a) Robert Owen

Question 5.
Indian Railway is an example of …………
(a) Government Company
(b) Public Corporation
(c) Departmental Undertaking
(d) Board Organisation
Answer:
(c) Departmental Undertaking

Question 6.
NEFT was launched by the RBI in the year …………
(a) 2005
(b) 2013
(c) 2010
(d) 1995
Answer:
(a) 2005

Question 7.
A warehouse holds goods as ………… a center.
(a) Marketing
(b) sorting
(c) distribution
(d) selling
Answer:
(c) distribution

Question 8.
Madras city had tramways till …………
(a) 1932
(b) 1933
(c) 1934
(d) 1935
Answer:
(b) 1933

Question 9.
Which bank has the power to issue bank notes?
(a) Central Bank
(b) Commercial Bank
(c) Co-operative Banks
(d) Foreign Banks
Answer:
(a) Central Bank

Question 10.
The main benefit of logistics is …………
(a) productivity
(b) cost minimisation
(c) profitability
(d) storage
Answer:
(b) cost minimisation

Question 11.
Social responsible business provides goods at …………
(a) high price
(b) low price
(c) reasonable price
(d) moderate price
Answer:
(c) reasonable price

Question 12.
American Depository Receipts (ADRs) are issued in:
(a) Canada
(b) China
(c) India
(d) The USA
Answer:
(d) The USA

Question 13.
………… is one of the methods of raising business finance through sale or mortgage of book debts.
(a) Factoring
(b) Mortgage
(c) Clean loan
(d) Hire Purchase Finance
Answer:
(a) Factoring

Question 14.
Investment limit of a micro enterprise under manufacturing sector does not exceed lakhs …………
(a) 10
(6) 20
(c) 25
(d) 50
Answer:
(c) 25

Question 15.
The purchase of goods from a foreign country is called …………
(a) Import
(b) Export
(c) Entrepot
(d) Re-export
Answer:
(a) Import

Question 16.
Wholesalers deal in ………… quantity of goods.
(a) small
(b) large
(c) medium
(d) limited
Answer:
(b) large

Question 17.
Goods are imported for purpose of re-export to another country is termed as ……….. Entrepot trade
(a) Import trade
(b) Export trade
(c) Entrepot trade
(d) International trade
Answer:
(c) Entrepot trade

Question 18.
A contract with or by a minor is a …………
(a) valid contract
(b) void contract
(c) voidable contract
(d) voidable at the option of either party
Answer:
(b) void contract

Question 19.
Period of Assessment year is …………
(a) 1^st April to 31^st March
(b) 1^st March to 28^th Dec.
(c) 1^st July to 30^th June
(d) 1^st Jan. to 31^st Dec.
Answer:
(a) 1^st April to 31^st March

Question 20.
GST stands for:
(a) Goods and Supply Tax
(b) Government Sales Tax
(c) Goods and Services Tax
(d) General Sales Tax
Answer:
(c) Goods and Services Tax

Part-B

Answer any seven questions in which Question No. 30 is compulsory. [7 x 2 = 14]

Question 21.
What is meant by Barter?
Answer:
Goods were exchanged for goods prior to invention of money.

Question 22.
Who is a sleeping partner?
Answer:
Such a partner contributes capital and shares in the profits or losses of the firm but does not take part in the management of the business.

Question 23.
Define transport.
Answer:
According to KK Saxena, “the transport system acts with reference to the area it serves in the same way as a candle does in a dark room”.

Question 24.
What do you mean by e-commerce?
Answer:
E-commerce or Electronic commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services through electronic networks like internet.

Question 25.
What is ethics?
Answer:
Ethics is derived from the Greek word ‘ethos’ which means a person’s fundamental orientation towards life. It governs the behaviour, derived from the moral standards which help to determine right or wrong, good or evil.

Question 26.
What is a Depository Receipt?
Answer:
A depository receipt is a negotiable financial instrument issued by a bank to represent a foreign company’s equity shares or securities. They are issued to attract a greater amount of investment from other countries.

Question 27.
Define Retailer.
Answer:
According to S. Evelyn Thomas “the retailer is the last of the many links in the economic chain whereby the consumer’s wants are satisfied smoothly and efficiently by retailers”.

Question 28.
What is meant by Export trade?
Answer:
When the firm of country sells goods and services to a firm of another country it is called export trade. Export trade indicates selling of goods and services from the home country to a foreign country.

Question 29.
Who can enter into a Contract?
Answer:
The Indian contract Act specifies that every person is competent to contract provided he is of the age of majority according to the Law which he is subject to and who is of sound mind.

Question 30.
Deepak insured his factory for ₹ 5 lakh against fire. Due to fire he suffered a loss of ₹ 2 lakh. How much amount he can recover from the Insurance Company? Why?
Answer:
Factory insured for ₹ 5,00,000
Loss on fire ₹ 2,00,000
Deepak can recover ₹ 2,00,000 because actual loss only can be compensated according to the principle of average clause.

Part-C

Answer any seven questions in which Question No. 40 is compulsory. [7 x 3 = 21]

Question 31.
Write short notes on:
(a) Business
(b) Profession
Answer:
(a) Business refers to any human activity undertaken on a regular basis with the object to earn profit through production, distribution, sale or purchase of goods and services.

(b) Profession are those occupations which involves rendering of personal services of a special and expert nature. A profession is something which is more than a job. It is a career for someone who is competent in their respective areas.

Question 32.
Write any three features of Hindu Undivided Family?
Answer:

• Governed by Hindu Law:
  The business of the Joint Hindu Family is controlled and managed .under the Hindu law.
• Membership by Birth:
  The membership of the family can be acquired only by birth. As soon as a male child is bom in the family, that child becomes a member.
• Liability:
  Except the Karta, the liability of all other members is limited to their shares in the business.

Question 33.
What are the objectives involved in Regional Rural Banks?
Answer:
Their objective is to develop rural economy and play supplementary role to cooperative societies. They mobilise deposits from the mral public and provide finance to rural artisans, small entrepreneurs and farmers and try to avoid their dependency on money lenders. As on 31.3.2016, there were 56 RRBs in India with 14,494 branches. They are regulated and supervised by NABARD.

Question 34.
What are the types of franchising?
Answer:

• Product / trade name franchising: In this type, the franchisee exclusively deals with a manufacture’s product, e.g., Kidzee, French Loaf outlets.
• Business format franchising: When a franchisor awards rights covering all business aspects as a complete business package to the franchisee it is called as business format franchising. e.g., McDonald’s, Pizza Hut.

Question 35.
Why you do think Social Responsibility of business is needed? (Any three reason)
Answer:

• Self-Interest:
  A business unit can sustain in the market for a longer period only by assuming some social obligations. Normally businessmen recognise that they can succeed better by fulfilling the demands and aspirations of society.
• Creation of Society:
  Business is a creation of society and uses the resources of society. Therefore, it should fulfil its obligations to society.
• Social Power:
  Businessmen collectively determine for the nation such important matters as level of employment, rate of economic progress and distribution of income among various groups.

Question 36.
Explain any three features of Self Help Group.
Answer:

• The motto of every group members should be “saving first – credit latter”.
• Self Help Group is homogeneous in terms of economic status.
• The ideal size of a Self Help Group ranges between 10 and 20 members.

Question 37.
What are the contents of Indents?
Answer:
Contents of an Indent:
(a) Quantity of goods sent
(b) Design of goods
(c) Price
(d) Nature of packing shipment
(e) Mode of shipment
(f) Period of delivery
(g) Mode of payment

Question 38.
What do you mean by Agreement?
Answer:
An “agreement” means ‘a promise or a set of promises’ forming consideration for each other. A promise arises when a proposal is accepted. By implication, an agreement is an accepted proposal. In other words, an agreement consists of an ‘offer’ and its ‘acceptance’.
Agreement = offer / Proposal + Acceptance

Question 39.
Write any three differences between Direct tax and Indirect tax.
Answer:

Question 40.
Name the partner who has not completed 18 years of age. Can he be admitted into partnership? Why?
Answer:
The partner who has not completed the age of 18 is known as minor partner. He can be admitted into the partnership for. the benefit of the firm. But a minor has no contractual capacity. The consent of all partners is a ‘must’ for such admission.

Part – D

Answer all the questions. [7 x 5 = 35]

Question 41(a).
Distinguish between economic and non-economic activity. (Any five)
Answer:

[OR]

Question 41 (b).
Enumerate any five disadvantages of International trade.
Answer:
1. Economic Dependence:
International trade is more likely to make the country too much dependent on imports from foreign countries. The former may not take any efforts to produce goods and services indigenously to substitute.imported goods and thus becoming self sufficient.

2. Inhibition of Growth of Home Industries:
International business may discourage the growth of indigenous industry. Unrestricted imports and severe competition from foreign companies may ruin the home industries altogether.

3. Import of Harmful Goods:
International business may lead to import of luxurious goods, spurious goods, dangerous goods, etc. It may harm the well-being of people.

4. Shortage of Essential Goods in Home Country:
The export of essential commodities out of the greed of earning more foreign exchange may result in absolute shortage of these goods at home country and people may have to buy these commodities at exorbitant price in the local market.

5. Misuse of Natural Resources:
Excessive export of scarce natural resources to variotis countries across the world may lead to faster depletion of the resources in the exporting countries.

Question 42 (a).
Explain the characteristics of sole trading business.
Answer:

• Ownership by one man:
  This is owned by single person. The sole trader contributes the required capital. He is not only the owner of the business but also manages the entire affairs.
• Freedom of work and Quick Decisions:
  Since an individual is himself as a owner, he need not consult anybody else. Hence he can take quick decisions.
• Unlimited Liability:
  When his business assets are not sufficient to pay off the business debts he has to pay from his personal property.
• Enjoying Entire Profit:
  He strives tirelessly for the improvement and expansion of his business and enjoys all the benefits of his hard work.
• Absence of Government Regulation:
  A sole proprietor concern is free from Government regulations. No legal formalities are to be observed in its formation, management or in its closure.
• No Separate Entity:
  The sole trading concern comes to an end with death, disability, insanity and insolvency of the individual.
• Maintenance of Secrecy:
  Since he / she manages all the affairs of the business, the secrecy can be maintained easily.

[OR]

Question 42 (b).
Mention any five functions of wholesaler.
Answer:
Following are the functions of wholesalers:

• Collection of Goods:
  Wholesaler collects the goods from manufacturers or producers in bulk.
• Storage of Goods:
  Wholesaler collects and stores them safely in warehouses, till they are sold out.
• Distribution:
  Wholesaler sells goods to different retailers. Thus he performs the function of distribution.
• Financing:
  Wholesalers provide financial support to producers and manufacturers by providing money in advance to them.
• Risk Taking:
  Wholesaler buys finished goods from the producer and keeps them in the warehouses till the time they are sold and assumes.the risk arising from price, spoilage of goods, and changes in demand.

Question 43(a).
Explain the principles of insurance.
Answer:
1. Utmost Good Faith:
According to this principle, both insurer and insured should enter into contract in good faith. Insured should provide all the information that impacts the subject matter. Insurer should provide all the details regarding insurance contract.

2. Insurable Interest:
The insured must have an insurable interest in the subject matter of insurance. Insurable interest means some pecuniary interest in the subject matter of the insurance contract.

3. Indemnity:
Indemnity means security or compensation against loss or damages. In insurance, the insured would be compensated with the amount equivalent to the actual loss and not the amount exceeding the loss. This principle ensures that the insured does not make any profit out of the insurance. This principle of indemnity is applicable to property insurance alone.

4. Causa Proxima:
The word ‘Causa proxima’ means ‘nearest cause’. According to this principle, when the loss is the result of two or more cause, the proximate cause, i.e. the direct. The direct, the most dominant and most effective cause of loss should be taken into consideration. The insurance company is not liable for the remote cause.

5. Contribution:
The same subject matter may be insured with more than one insurer then it is known as ‘Double Insurance’. In such a case, the insurance claim to be paid to the insured must be shared on contributed by all insurers in proportion to the sum assured by each one of them.

6. Subrogation:
Subrogation means ‘stepping the shoes on others’. According to this principle, once the claim of the insured has been settled, the ownership right of the subject matter of insurance passes on to the insurer.

7. Mitigation:
In case of a mishap, the insured must take off all possible steps to reduce or mitigate the loss or damage to the subject matter of insurance.

[OR]

Question 43 (b).
Difference between Contract and Agreement.
Answer:

Question 44(a).
Explain the different key elements of business ethics.
Answer:
1. Top Management Commitment:
Top management has a very important role to guide the entire organization towards ethical behaviour. The top level personnel in any organisation should work openly and strongly committed towards ethical conducts and guide people working at’ middle and low level to follow ethical behaviour.

2. Establishment of Compliance Mechanism:
To make sure that actual decisions match with a firm’s ethical standards, suitable mechanism should be established.

3. Publication of a “Code”:
Generally organisations formulate their own ethical codes for the conduct of the enterprise; it should followed by the employees of the organisation. The organisation principles are defined in the written document called code.

4. Involving Employees at All Levels:
It is the employees at different levels who implement ethics policies to make ethical business a reality. Therefore, their involvement in ethics programmes becomes a must.

5. Measuring Results: .
The organisations from time to time keep a check on ethical practise followed. Although it is difficult to accurately measure the end results of ethics programmes, the firms can certainly audit to monitor compliance with ethical standards.

[OR]

Question 44(b).
Write any five advantages of Co-operative Society.
Answer:

1. Voluntary organisation:
The membership of a co-operative society is open to all. Any person with common interest can become a member. The membership fee is kept low so that everyone would be able to join and benefit from co-operative societies.

2. Easy formation:
Co-operatives can be formed much easily when compared to a company. Any 10 members who have attained majority can join together for forming a co-operative society by observing simple legal formalities.

3. Democracy :
A co-operative society is run on the principle of ‘ one man one vote ‘. It implies that all members have equal rights in managing the affairs of the enterprises.

4. Equal distribution of surplus:
The surplus generated by the co-operative societies is distributed in an equitable manner among members. Therefore all the members of the co-operative society are benefited.

5. Limited liability:
The liability of the members in a co-operative society is limited to the extent of their capital contribution. They cannot be personally held liable for the debts of the society.

Question 45 (a).
Answer any five salient features of Government Company.
Answer

1. Registration Under the Companies Act:
A Government company is formed through registration under the Companies Act, 1956; and is subject to the provisions of this Act, like any other company. However, the Central Government may direct that any of the provisions of the Companies Act shall not apply to a Government company or shall apply with certain modifications.

2. Executive Decision of Government:
A Government company is created by an executive decision of the Government, without seeking the approval of the Parliament or the State Legislature.

3. Separate Legal Entity:
A Government company is a legal entity separate from the Government. It can acquire property; can make contracts and can file suits, in its own name.

4. Whole or Majority Capital Provided by Government:
The whole or majority (at least 51 %) of the capital of a Government company is provided by the Government; but the revenues of the company are not deposited into the treasury.

5. Majority of Government Directors:
Being in possession of a majority of share capital, the Government has authority to appoint majority of directors, on the Board of Directors of a government company.

[OR]

Question 45 (b).
Describe the benefits of outsourcing.
Answer:

1. Focusing on Core Activities:
Companies can focus on their core competence, a few areas where the company has distinct capability. The rest of the activities (non-core) can be outsource to outside agencies.

2. To Fill up Economic Development:
Outsourcing stimulates entrepreneurship, encourages employment opportunities, expands exports, enables tremendous growth of the economy.

3. Encourages Employment Opportunities:
Companies that are outsourcing their non core activities provide chances for other small business units to take up the activities. This paves way for more job opportunities and new employment avenues.

4. Reduction in Investment:
Companies through outsourcing avails the services of outsiders which in turn reduces the investment requirements. The amount so available can be utilized productively and this increases the profits.

5. Quest for Excellence:
Outsourcing enables the firms to pursue excellence in two ways namely excelling themselves in the activities they do and excel outsiders by extending their capabilities through contracting out.

Question 46(a).
Explain any five different kinds of warehouses.
Answer:
Different kinds of warehouses on the basis of ownership:

• Private Warehouses:
  Private warehouses are built and owned by private business enterprises in order to store the products produced by them.
• Government Warehouses:
  They are created and operated by the Government to implement the programmes of the Government.
• Public Warehouse:
  It is open for public at large. Most of the business organisations, especially small and medium scale units cannot afford to have their own warehouses.
• Co-operative Warehouses:
  There are warehouses owned and managed by the marketing co-operative societies or agricultural co-operative societies. They are setup to provide warehousing facilities to their members.
• Bonded Warehouses:
  Bonded warehouses are those warehouses, which are licensed by the government to accept storage of imported goods which are not cleared due to non-payment of customs duty by the importer.

[OR]

Question 46 (b).
Distinguish between GDR and ADR.
Answer:

Question 47 (a).
A number of identical retail shops with similar appearance normally deal in standardised and branded products. Name the shop and explain its features.
Answer:
The name of the shop is Chain Stores or Multiple Shops. A number of same type of retail shops with similar appearance, selling branded products is known as multiple shops.
Features:

• Location:
  These shops are located in fairly populous localities.
• Nature of product:
  These shops deal in a particular line of products only. Also they specialise in the same product.
• Centralised management:
  The goods’ are purchased by the head office and despatched’ to all the shops.
• Fixed price:
  The price of the goods are fixed and goods are sold on cash basis.
• Role of Sales personnel:
  The sales persons play an active role in helping the consumers to complete their shopping.

[OR]

Question 47 (b).
Who are the intermediaries involved in Import trade? Explain about them.
Answer:
Intermediaries in Import Trade:
1. Indent Houses / Import Agent:
This intermediary is specialized in a particular trade. He charges fees for his service. Importer has to enter into contract with indent house to avail himself of his service.

Services rendered by Indent Houses/Import Agent:

• Helping the importer to get orders from foreign countries.
• Providing information about the availability of goods and arranging the letter of credit facilities to importer.
• Maintaining regular contact with the exporter to obtain sample.

2. Clearing Agent- Clearing Agent is specialised in clearing the goods from the port of discharge destination and transport it over to the importer. They fulfill the various custom formalities on behalf of the importer and get the goods cleared from the port. They charge commission for their service.