Laxmi

Students can Download English lesson 2 Crossing The River Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf  helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Term 2 Supplementary Chapter 2 Crossing The River

Read And Understand

A. Match the following

Answer:

1. e
2. c
3. d
4. f
5. a
6. b

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. Pundit have many _______ and _______
2. Moti is a poor
3. The milkmaid discharged her duties _______
4. Moti feels it as a _______to serve the great pundit
5. The pundit was an _______speaker
6. Moti assured to give the milk at the dawn _______

Answer:

1. disciples, admirers
2. milkmaid
3. faithfully
4. great privilege
5. eloquent
6. enthusiastically

C. Answer the following:

Crossing The River 8th Std Question 1.
What was the pundit’s discourse about?
Answer:
The pundits discourse was about God and Truth and similar tough and complex matters.

Crossing The River Questions And Answers Question 2.
Why did Moti, the milkmaid, feel happy?
Answer:
She left happy that she made a humble contribution towards the pundits physical well being by regularly supplying him with pure milk.

Crossing The River Summary 8th Standard Question 3.
What was the resolution of Moti?
Answer:
Moti’s resolution was that even if the landlord failed to pay her for the milk and her labour, she would not fail in her duty.

Crossing The River Book Back Answers Question 4.
Give reason for the pundit to ask for the milk at dawn.
Answer:
The pundit was under a vow for performing a certain ritual for which he needed the milk at down

8th English Crossing The River Question 5.
Why did Moti come late on the first day of-the ritual?
Answer:
She came late on the first day of the ritual because the boatman did not turn up that early even though Moti informed him of the need for her to cross the river.

Crossing The River 8th Standard Supplementary Question 6.
Mention an incident that shows the naivety of Moti.
Answer:
When Moti came late to pundits house, she explained that she couldn’t cross the river without the  of the boatman. When the pundit commented jocularly that one could cross even the ocean of life by uttering the name of Vishnu, she told him that she did not know about it. She thanked him for passing the secret on to her. The pandit laughed at her naivety.

Crossing The River Summary Question 7.
How did the milkmaid cross the river?
Answer:
She just uttered the name of Vishnu and walked across the river.

Crossing The River 8th Std Book Back Answers Question 8.
What was the secret shared by pundit to milkmaid?
Answer:
The secret was that one could cross even the ocean of life by buttering the name of Vishnu. This was shared by the pundit to the milkmaid.

8th Crossing The River Question 9.
How did the pundit appreciate the milk maid? Who else did he convey his thanks for?
Answer:
He appreciated the pain she had taken in getting up early, milking the cow and delivering the milk to him at dawn. He also asked the milkmaid to convey his thanks to the boatman.

Crossing The River Summary Class 8 Question 10.
Why did the pundit faint at the end of the story?
Answer:
When the pundit saw the mlilk maid crossing the river with ease, he was dumbstruck and almost fainted.

D. Identify the speaker:

1. “But I apply the secret?”
2. “Tell the boatman how pleased I am with him.”

Answer:

1. Moti, the milkmaid
2. The pundit

Step To Success

A. Select correct options to fill in the blanks.

1. As I _______in the rain for the bus to arrive, it appeared as ______ it would not arrive, ______ it took all my patience.
(a) weighted, though, so
(b) wetted, if, so
(c) waited, though, till
Answer:
(c) waited, though, till

B. Select option that correctly forms the 2nd pair similar to the 1st.

Question 1.
Bread : Yeast:: Curd : ?
(a) Germs
(b) Bacteria
(c) Fungi
(d) Virus
Answer:
(b) Bacteria

Question 2.
Fungi: Fungus :: Species : ?
(a) Specey
(b) Specy
(c) Specie
(d) Species
Answer:
(d) Species
[Clue : The singular form of ‘Fungi’ is ‘Fungus’. And for ‘Species’, it is the same in singular, in plural.]

Question 3.
Throw : Worth :: Tide : ?
(a) Water
(b) Ocean
(c) Edit
(d) Sea
Answer:
(c) Edit

Question 4.
Lion: Forest :: Otter : ?
(a) Cage
(b) Water
(c) The Alps
(d) Burrow
Answer:
(b) Water

Connecting To Self

Question 1.

Answer:

Crossing The River Additional Questions

I Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
The _____ was one only admirers of the Pundit.
(a) boatman
(b) landlord
(c) farmer
(d) helper
Answer:
(b) landlord

Question 2.
Moti _____ before the Pundit.
(a) sang
(b) wrote the secret
(c) prostrated
(d) shouted
Answer:
(c) prostrated

Question 3.
The Pundit was speaking about _____ and Truth.
(a) doctrine
(b) Life
(c) philosophy
(d) God
Answer:
(d) God

Question 4.
“One could cross the _____ of life by uttering the name of Vishnu”.
(a) river
(b) bay
(c) ocean
(d) sea
Answer:
(c) ocean

Question 5.
The story draws a _____ between scholarship and innocence.
(a) similarity
(b) analogy
(c) equivalent
(d) contrast
Answer:
(d) contrast

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. The landlord had _______ a poor milkmaid,Moti,to the Pundit
2. She crossed the river by the help of a _______
3. Often the _______ himself received the milk.
4. What a great privilege it is to ______ a great Pundit?’

Answer:

1. Commissioned
2. ferry boat
3. pundith
4. serve

III. dentify the character and speaker:

1. “Well, sir, nobody had told me that!”
2. “That is secret!”
3. “Thank you sir, passing it on to me”
4. “Who then plied the boat for you?”
5. “You forgot the secret you passed on to me”
6. “What do you mean?”
7. “But I apply the secret!”

Answer:

1. Moti, the milkmaid
2. The Pundit
3. Moti, the milkmaid
4. The Pundit
5. Moti, the milkmaid
6. The Pundit
7. Moti, the milkmaid

IV. Write True or False against each statement:

1. The milkmaid did not do her duty sincerely.
2. The boatman did not turn up early morning.
3. The poor woman would hardly understand the importance of the wise observation of the Pundit.
4. The water remained knee deep for Moti.
5. The Pundit almost fainted.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True

V. Match the following:

Answer:

1. (c)
2. (d)
3. (a)
4. (e)
5. (b)

VI. Give Very Short Answers :

Question 1.
Who was the landlord?
Answer:
He was one of the admirers of the Pundit.

Question 2.
What was the name of the milkmaid?
Answer:
The milkmaids name was Moti.

Question 3.
Who helped here to cross the river?
Answer:
The boatman helped her to cross the river.

Question 4.
Did Moti fail in her duty?
Answer:
No, Moti did not fail in her duty.

Question 5.
What did Moti do, when she reached the river-bank?
Answer:
She paid reverence to the river.

VII. Write Short Answers :

Question 1.
How did the milkmaid discharge her duty?
Answer:
The milkmaid discharged her duty faithfully, by delivering milk every morning.

Question 2.
What did the boatman tell to Moti?
Answer:
The boatman told her that it would not be possible for him to fly the boat in darkness as the river was in spate.

Question 3.
How does the story draw a contrast between scholarship and innocence?
Answer:
The story draws a contrast between the scholarship and innocence by demonstrating the miracle of faith.

VIII Answer in Detail:

Question 1.
“The Pundit was an eloquent speaker”.Elucidate.
Answer:
The celebrated Pundit had many disciples and admirers as he was an eloquent speaker. Whenever he gave a discourse, hundreds of people gathered to listen to him. The milkmaid also made it a point to listen to him as she was sure that the Pundit was speaking about God and Truth. The only one who was very near to God and Truth could command such wisdom’, she thought. She was happy that she made a humble contribution to supplying milk to the Pundit.

IX. Rearrange the jumbled sentences :

1. Among them was the landlord of the area who lived on the other side of the river.
2. The milkmaid discharged her duty faithfully day after day.
3. The celebrated Pundit had many disciples and admirers.
4. She crossed the river by the help of a ferry boat.
5. The landlord had commissioned a poor milkmaid Moti to supply milk to the Pundit.
Answer:
3,1,5,2,4
3.The celebrated Pundit had many disciples and admirers.
1. Among them was the landlord of the area who lived on the other side of the river.
5. The landlord had commissioned a poor milkmaid Moti to supply milk to the Pundit.
2. The milkmaid discharged her duty faithfully day after day.
4. She crossed the river by the help of a ferry boat.

X. Read the passage and answer the questions :

Question 1.
One day, while receiving the milk, the Pundit told Moti. “Woman! Can you bring the milk at the least an hour before the sunrise for only a month? I am under a vow for performing a certain ritual for which I need the milk that early.”
(a) Who was Moti?
Answer:
Moti was a milkmaid.

(b) What did the Pundit tell Moti?
Answer:
The Pundit told her to bring milk, an hour before the sunrise for only a month.

(c) Why did he say so?
Answer:
He said so because he was under a vow for performing a certain ritual.

Question 2.
Moti stepped out onto the road. It was a foggy dawn. No doubt the woman was kidding him – concluded the Pundit and he followed her tiptoe. Upon reaching the river-bank, Moti put her empty pot down and folded hands, paid obeisance to the river. Then, picking up the pot, she stepped into The water.

(a) How was the dawn?
Answer:
It was a foggy dawn.

(b) What did the Pundit conclude?
Answer:
The Pundit concluded that the milkmaid was kidding him.

(c) What did she do on reaching the river-bank?
Answer:
She folded her hands and paid reverence to the river.

Crossing The River Summary

The milkmaid, Moti, supplied milk to a celebrated Pundit who had many disciples and admirers. The milkmaid thought that it was a great privilege to serve a great Pundit and discharged her duties sincerely. One day, the Pundit asked her to deliver the milk at least an hour before sunrise, as he was under a vow for performing a certain ritual. The milkmaid agreed but came to deliver the milk long after sunrise. When questioned by the Pundit, she said that she couldn’t cross the river without the boatman. The Pundit commented jocularly that one could cross even the ocean of life by uttering the name of Lord Vishnu. She thanked the Pundit for passing on the secret to her.

Days passed and the period of Pundit’s vow came to an end. The Pundit thanked her and asked her to tell the boatman that he was pleased with him for his task. The milkmaid told him that she crossed the river without the boatman’s help. She just uttered the name of Vishnu and crossed the river. The Pundit was surprised to hear this. He followed her to know the truth. When he saw the milkmaid paying respect to the river and then crossing it with ease, he almost fainted.

While demonstrating the miracle of faith, the story also draws a contrast between scholarship and innocence. It shows the difference between a knowledge of there theory and the knowledge that works through one’s faith in God.

You can Download A Poison Tree Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf Poem Chapter 2 help you to revise complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Poem Chapter 2 A Poison Tree

A Poison Tree Warm Up:

A. Choose the option that suits your own behaviour in the given situations. Compare your answers with a partner’s answers. (You can do the activity yourself)
1. You overhear a friend talking badly about you. How angry does that make you feel?

• I don’t feel angry at all.
• I feel moderately angry.
• I feel slightly annoyed.
• I feel very angry.
• I feel a little angry.
• I feel furious.

2. Your friend persuades you to take help to prepare for the Maths board examination, from a close friend. That person does not turn up at all, as agreed. How angry does that make you feel?

• I don’t feel angry at all.
• I feel moderately angry.
• I feel slightly annoyed.
• I feel very angry.
• I feel a little angry.
• I feel furious.

3. You have agreed to pick up some friends at the train station. They are coming to stay with you for a few days. You’ve arranged with your elder brother/sister to drive the car for the day. You are about to leave the house when you realise the car is outside but your brother/sister has gone to work, taking the keys! How angry does that make you feel?

• I don’t feel angry at all.
• 1 feel moderately angry.
• I feel slightly annoyed.
• I feel very angry.
• I feel a little angry.
• I feel furious.

4. During a get together, your friend makes fun of your singing in front of your friends. You thought your singing was fine, but your friend thinks you really need to practice much more. How angry does that make you feel?

• I don’t feel angry at all.
• I feel moderately angry.
• I feel slightly annoyed.
• I feel very angry.
• I feel a little angry.
• I feel furious.

B. Answer the following questions. Share your views with the class.

A Poison Tree Book Back Answers Question 1.
Do you argue often with your classmates?
Answer:
I do argue but not regarding personal matters and my arguments get over very soon.

A Poison Tree Question And Answer Question 2.
Do you forgive them or choose to remain enemies forever?
Answer:
Not instant forgiveness; it stays for some time. How long we remain enemies depends on the friend and the issue.

A Poison Tree Questions And Answers Question 3.
How long does your anger last?
Answer:
My anger lasts for an hour roughly.

A Poison Tree Textual Questions

A. Answer the following questions in a sentence or two.

1. I was angry with my friend
I told my wrath ‘my wrath did end.

Poison Tree Question And Answer Question (a).
Who does ‘I’ refer to?
Answer:
‘I’ refers to the poet, William Blake.

The Poison Tree Question And Answer Question (b).
How did the anger of poet come to an end?
Answer:
The poet told the reason of his anger to his friend. The anger came to an end.

Additional:

A Poison Tree Questions Question (c).
Write a synonym for ‘wrath’.
Answer:
A synonym for ‘wrath’ is ‘anger’.

2. And I watered it in fears
Night and morning with my tears;

A Poison Tree 9th Standard Question (a).
What does ‘it’ refer to?
Answer:
‘It’ refers to anger.

A Poison Tree Notes Pdf Question (b).
How is ‘it’ watered?
Answer:
It is watered with fears and tears and tears of the poet.

3. In the morning glad I see
My foe outstretched beneath the tree

A Poison Tree Answer Question (a).
How did the poet feel in the morning?
Answer:
He felt glad in the morning.

A Poison Tree Summary In Tamil Question (b).
Who is the ‘foe’ referred to here?
Answer:
The person on whom the poet is angry with.

A Poison Tree Questions And Answers Pdf Question (c).
Why was the ‘foe’ found lying outstretched beneath the tree?
Answer:
The ‘foe’ ate the apple from the poison tree of anger. So he fell below the tree.

4. And it grew both day and night,
Till it bore an apple bright

The Poison Tree Poem Questions And Answers Question (a).
Who does ‘it’ refer to?
Answer:
It refers to anger, that is personified to the ‘poison tree’.

Poison Tree Poem Questions And Answers Question (b).
What does ‘apple’ signify?
Answer:
Apple indicates anger.

A Poison Tree Notes Question (c).
What grew both day and night?
Answer:
Anger that is personified to the ‘poison tree’ grew both day and night.

B. Complete the summary by filling in the given spaces with suitable words.

Once the poet was angry with his friend. He expressed his _________(i)__________ and it ended. They became friendly but when he grew angry with his foe, he ________(ii)________it and allowed his anger to grow. Day and night he watered it with his tears allowing it to grow. He ____(iii)______ his foe with false smiles and cunning tricks. The tree kept growing and yielded a bright apple which _______(iv)______ his foe to eating it stealthily during the night. The next morning the poet was happy to see his foe lying ______(v)______  under the tree.
Answers:
(i) anger
(ii) suppressed
(iii) faced
(iv) attracted
(v) outstretched

C. Answer the following questions in about 80-100 words.

Poison Tree Notes Question 1.
How did the poet’s anger with his friend end?
Answer:
The poet expressed his anger towards his friend as well as his enemy. But he specified the difference between two types of anger. He told that when he was angry with a friend, he convinced his own heart to forgive his friend. He sorted out the differences with his friend by expressing his anger to him and by discussing his own points of view with him. Even if he was hurt and he knew that his friend had done injustice to him, he would have tried his best to forget the past and end the feeling of vengeance in his heart. In this way, the poet’s anger, with his friend, came to an end.

A Poison Tree Poem Answer Key Question 2.
Describe how his anger kept growing?
Answer:
The poet confessed that when he was angry with his enemy, he did not reveal his anger to his enemy. He feared that if he expressed his anger to him, his enemy would do harm to him. So he suppressed his anger. Day and night he shed tears thinking about the ill or the injustice that had been caused by his enemy to him. Thus, he watered the tree of anger with his tears, allowing the anger to grow. He also aroused his anger with his false smiles and cunning tricks towards his enemy. Since the poet kept his anger within himself and had his own fear and tears, his anger kept growing every day.

Question 3.
Describe the effect of the poisonous fruit on the’enemy’.
Answer:
The poet, William Blake, revealed his anger to his friend and the anger ended. But when the poet concealed his anger from his enemy, the anger grew. It grew like a tree that bore a bright apple. His enemy saw the shining apple. Even though he knew that the apple belonged to the poet, he wanted to have it. So the enemy came secretly into the garden when it was night and ate the apple. In the morning, the ‘ poet’s anger changed into gladness when he found the enemy outstretched under the poison tree. The apple in the tree of anger symbolizes the poisonous effect.

D. Poem Appreciation: Figures of speech.

Question.
Pick out at least two Instances of alliteration from the poem.
Answer:

1. I was angry with my foe.
2. Night and morning with my tears.
3. And I sunned it with smiles.
4. Till it bore an apple bright.

E. Read the following lines from the poem and answer the questions that follow.

1. I was angry with my friend;
I told my wrath, my wrath did end.
I was angry with my foe:
I told it not, my wrath did grow.

Question 1.
Pick out the rhyming words.
Answer:
friend – end; foe – grow

Question 2.
What is the rhyme scheme of the stanza?
Answer:
a a b b

Question 3.
Identify the figure of speech in the title of the poem.
Answer:
Personification

2. And I watered it in fears
Night and morning with my tears;

Question 1.
What figure of speech is used in ‘watered it in fears’?
Answer:
Personification.

Additional Questions

1. And I sunned it with smiles And with soft deceitful wiles

(i) Explain the phrase deceitful wiles.
(ii) Identify the rhyming words
Answers:
(i) The poet deceived or fooled his enemy by his tricks.
(ii) rhyming words – smiles, wiles

2. And it grew both day and night,
Till it bore an apple bright

(i) What does it mean?
(ii) Identify the rhyme scheme,
Answers:
(i) If refers to ‘A Poison Tree’.
(ii) rhyming scheme – a, a

3. In the morning glad I see
My foe outstretched beneath the tree.

(i) Which scene makes the poet happy?
(ii) When does the poet see his enemy dead?
Answers:
(i) In the morning when he saw the enemy dead under the poison tree.
(ii) In the morning, the next day after the enemy consumed the apple.

Listening Activity:

F. Listen to the passage on ‘anger management’ and match the sentence parts by drawing a line. The recording can be played more than once if needed.
(For listening to the script refer to our website www.fullcircleeducation.in)

Answers:
1. (c), 2. (e), 3. (b), 4. (a), 5. (d).

G. Answer the following in about 80-100 words. Take ideas from the poem and also use your own ideas.

1. Recall a recent situation when you became angry. What were the consequences of your anger? After listening to the guidelines on anger management, find out how well you could have handled the situation. Write your findings.
Answer:
“ When you squeeze an orange, orange juice comes out – because that s what is inside. When you are squeezed, what comes out is what is inside. ” – Wayne Dyer
I don’t remember what the specific dates were of the incident but I do remember it involved my supervisor at the time. I think she had reacted in a way that I didn’t like.

2. What might have caused the conflict which led to the poet becoming angry with his enemy? Think of one such situation that you have experienced. Describe how you felt and how the enmity grew and things became worse.
Answer:
For the poet, it must have been quite personal life changing issue like lover, parents, cousins, etc., than professional conflict. When my father was taken to hospital for jaundice, he was detected of pancreatic cancer. At that time my elder sister who had always projected herself as a decision maker kept silent because of the fear of deadly disease. She did not play her part well. I naturally became very angry with her and stopped talking. When our father died, she did not play her role in the ceremonial practices but brought a whole lot of her friends to be sympathised. I will never forgive her. Anger has grown to a level where both familes have stopped talking to each other.

H. Discuss and Write.

(a) Identify five to six qualities which make an ordinary person, loved and respected by all. Work in groups of five or six. Each group has to take up one quality and discuss the methods for imbibing that quality’ and identify the challenges that need to be faced.
Answer:
Six qualities that make an ordinary person, loved and respected by all are:
(i) Friendliness and congeniality
(ii) Good personality
(iii) Deep knowledge
(iv) Effective communicator
(v) Good listener .
(vi) Sense of humour
(vii) Kindness
My group will now discuss the methods of imbibing the quality ‘kindness’.
“Kindness is the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see.”

(b) Adolescents are often distracted by feelings like anger, disappointment and general helplessness when they face challenges at school or at home. Suggest way to turn such feelings into positive ones.
Answer:
Adolescents face lots of challenges and stressful time. It is a period when boundaries are tested, doors are slammed, and voices often raised. When they express their frustrations in anger, that anger can be unsettling. Disappointment and general helplessness stems from a teen’s desire to be more independent from his/her parents and the frustration that he/she can’t yet enjoy the freedoms of an adult.

That frustration is sometimes expressed as anger and striking out verbally at parents. They will teeter between being engaged with the family and wanting to retreat by themselves or with friends for several hours at a time. Frustration is unrealized potential. Frustration drives ineffective leaders backward, inward and downward. To turn such negative traits into positive, let us understand that we must respond and not react. Remember the cockroach theory reiterated by Sundar Pichai, CEO, Google.

At a restaurant, a cockroach suddenly flew from somewhere and sat on a lady. She started screaming out of fear. With a panic stricken face and trembling voice, she started jumping with both her hands desperately trying to get rid of cockroach. Her reaction was contagious as everyone in her group started panicking. The lady finally managed to push the cockroach away but… it landed on another lady in the group. Now it was turn of the other lady in the group to continue the drama. The waiter rushed forward to their rescue.

In the relay of throwing, the cockroach next fell upon the waiter. The waiter stood firm, composed himself and observed the behaviour of the cockroach on his shirt. When he was confident enough, he grabbed it with his fingers and threw it out of the restaurant. Sipping my coffee and watching the amusement, the antenna of my mind picked up a few thoughts and started wondering, was the cockroach responsible for their histrionic behaviour? If so then why was the waiter not disturbed? He handled it near to perfection without any chaos.

It is not the cockroach but the inability of those people to handle the disturbance caused by the cockroach. Similarly situation will make us angry, but if we could stop, think and then respond, anger can be controlled.

Additional Questions:

Question 1.
What is the consequence of anger? How is it explained in the poem ‘A Poison Tree’ by Blake?
Answer:
A Poison Tree is a poem that focuses on the emotion of anger and the consequences of it. It deals with the darker side of the human psyche. The poet expressed his anger, everything was fine, but when he kept it inside, it began to grow, eventually becoming a metaphorical tree with poison fruit. The foe ends up under the tree, destroyed by the speaker’s pent up anger. Poet advises the readers to express the anger rather than holding it to oneself. Anger sustained damages both.

Question 2.
What motivated the poet to write on anger?
Answer:
William Blake wrote this poem in 1794 and it first appeared in his book Songs of Experience. Society at that time was encouraged to bottle up emotions and to present a polite and unruffled person to the world. Blake thought this approach unhealthy and advocated a more expressive mode of being, especially with regards to potentially festering emotion. His ideas were against the prevailing attitudes of the church and state. The original title Blake had for this poem, Christian Forbearance, reflects this.

Question 3.
Has the figure of speech been used effectively in the poem? Justify
Answer:
A Poison Tree uses metaphor, antithesis and biblical associations to highlight the self-damage that can proceed from suppressing anger. The emphasis is on letting go on negative emotions and moving on with life before this energy impacts on the health and wellbeing of others.

The worth of the speaker becomes a metaphorical tree bearing a poison apple. This allusion to the book of genesis chapter 3 is a clear one. The tree of knowledge of good and evil is the poem’s tree. The serpent is the speaker, both tempting and deceitful, Adam and Eve are the foe, both guilty of disobedience.

The poem carries with it a potent message, anger management which is the focal issue for many in society. Blakes’s prescient poem hits the nail on the head with its antithetical argument for letting go of negative energy.

A Poison Tree by William Blake About The Poet:

William Blake was an English poet, painter and printmaker. His thoughts and art were a depiction of his bold imagination. He is held in high regard by later critics for his expressiveness and creativity and for the philosophical and mystical undercurrents within his work. Notable works of Blake are ‘Songs of Innocence and of Experience’, ‘The Marriage of heaven and Hell’, ‘The Four Zoas’, ‘Jerusalem’, etc.

In the history of the poetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age, Blake is considered as a seminal figure. Blake lived and worked in the teeming metropolis of London at a time of great social and political change that profoundly influenced his writing. Blake worked to bring about a change both in the social order and in the minds of men.

A Poison Tree Summary:

In ‘A Poison Tree’ William Blake describes how to handle anger both with a friend and an enemy. The poet has given the readers a very valuable lesson how to handle conflict. Blake also helps the readers by clearly explaining the ill effects of holding malice inside oneself.

The first stanza speaks about two types of anger. One that was against a friend and one against an enemy. When the anger was against a friend, he took pain to explain his feelings and so the conflict was resolved. The anger ended. The other was against his enemy. He did not like him. He held the anger inside and did not express it. He also did not try to express it to others and find a solution. Resentment began to grow inside.

The second stanza talks about the anger which grew as a poison tree. The poet cultivated his anger, watered his budding tree with fear and tears every day and night. The enemy did not know of this growing fury. Deceptively the poet employed his smiles as though it was sun to this toxic tree.

With charm he cleverly did not allow interjection or awareness of his wrath. Third stanza tells how he nurtured the tree. Anger poisoned the human spirit, furthermore, it endangered the ability to use logical reasoning. Finally the tree bore the fruit of fury in the form of a beautiful, appealing apple. The enemy of the poet planned to stealthily eat the fruit of the tree.

In the final stanza, the enemy was lured by the fruit of that poison tree. Without the knowledge of the poet, the enemy ate the fruit of fury and was found dead the next day under the tree. The poet does not seem to worry about the loss. Blake uses the poem as a warning to those who harbour grudges and allow the feelings of resentment to stay inside without dealing with them. Expressing the feelings is the only Way to avoid the fruit of poison tree.

A Poison Tree Glossary:

deceitful – cunning, treacherous
foe – enemy
veiled – covered
wiles – tricks
wrath – anger

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 5 Changes Around Us

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Changes Around Us Text Book Exercises

I. Multiple choice questions

Changes Around Us Class 8 Question 1.
Burning of paper is a …………….. change.
(a) Physical
(b) Chemical
(c) Physical & chemical
(d) Neutral
Answer:
(b) Chemical

8th Science Changes Around Us Question 2.
The burning of matchstick is an example for chemical reaction based on
(a) Contact
(b) Electricity
(c) Light
(d) Catalyst
Answer:
(c) Light

8th Science Changes Around Us Book Back Answers Question 3.
…………….. metal undergoes rusting.
(a) Tin
(b) Sodium
(c) Copper
(d) Iron
Answer:
(d) Iron

8th Chemistry Guide Question 4.
The pigment responsible for browning of apples is …………….
(a) Hydrated iron (II) oxide
(b) Melanin
(c) Starch
(d) Ozone
Answer:
(b) Melanin

Matter Around Us Class 8 Samacheer Kalvi Question 5.
Brine is a concentrated solution of ………………
(a) Sodium sulphate
(b) Sodium chloride
(c) Calcium chloride
(d) Sodium bromide
Answer:
(b) Sodium chloride

Changes Around Us Class 8 Ppt Question 6.
Limestone contains ………………. mainly.
(a) Calcium chloride
(b) Calcium carbonate
(c) Calcium nitrate
(d) Calcium sulphate
Answer:
(b) Calcium carbonate

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Science Question 7.
Which of the following factor induces electrolysis?
(a) Heat
(b) Light
(c) Electricity
(d) Catalysis
Answer:
(c) Electricity

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8 Science Question 8.
In Haber’s process of producing ammonia is used as a catalyst.
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Hydrogen
(c) Iron
(d) Nickel
Answer:
(c) Iron

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Standard Science Question 9.
Dissolved gases like sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides in rain water causes
(a) Acid rain
(b) Base rain
(c) Heavy rain
(d) Neutral rain
Answer:
(a) Acid rain

Samacheer Kalvi.Guru 8th Science Question 10.
…………….. is responsible for Global warming.
(a) Carbon di oxide
(b) Methane
(c) Chlorofluoro carbons
(d) All the above
Answer:
(a) Carbon di oxide

II. Fill in the blanks

1. Reactants → ……………….
2. Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that takes place in presence of Iron objects undergo rusting when exposed to and ……………..
3. Iron objects undergo rusting when exposed to …………….. and ……………..
4. ……………… is the basic material to manufacture urea.
5. Electrolysis of Brine solution gives gases.
6. ……………… is a chemical substance which alters the speed of a chemical reaction.
7. ………………. is the enzyme responsible for browning of vegetables, fruits.

Answer:

1. Products
2. Sunlight
3. Water, oxygen
4. Ammonia
5. Chlorine and hydrogen
6. Catalyst
7. Poly phenol oxidase or tyrosinase

III. Write True Or False for the following

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Science Book Solutions Question 1.
A chemical reaction is a temporary reaction.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
A chemical reaction is permanent.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru Science 8th Standard Question 2.
Change in colour may take place during a chemical reaction.
Answer:
True.

8th Standard Chemistry Guide Question 3.
Formation of slaked lime from quicklime is a endothermic reaction.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Formation of slaked limed from quicklime is a exothermic reaction.

Kalvi Guru 8th Science Question 4.
CFC is a pollutant.
Answer:
True.

Science Solution Class 8 Samacheer Kalvi Question 5.
Browning of some vegetables and fruits is due to tannin formation.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Browning of some vegetables and fruits is due to melanin formation.

IV. Match the following

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Science Guide Question 1.

A		B
1.	Rusting	(a)	photosynthesis
2.	Electrolysis	(b)	Haber’s process
3.	Thermolysis	(c)	Iron
4.	food	(d)	Brine
5.	Catalysis	(e)	Decomposition of limestone

Answer:

1. c
2. d
3. e
4. a
5. b

Question 2.

A		B
1.	Rancidity	(a)	Decomposition
2.	Ozone	(b)	biocatalyst
3.	Tarnishing	(c)	oxygen
4.	Yeast	(d)	chemical reaction
5.	Calcium Oxide	(e)	fish

Answer:

1. e
2. c
3. d
4. b
5. a

V. Give Short Answers For The Following Questions

Question 1.
Define a chemical reaction. .
Answer:
Chemical changes are otherwise called as chemical reactions, because one or more substances (Reactants) undergo a reaction to form one or more new substances (Products).
Reactant(s) → Product(s)

Question 2.
Mention the various conditions required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Answer:
The conditions required for a chemical reaction to take place:

1. Physical contact
2. Solution of reactants
3. Electricity
4. Heat
5. Light
6. Catalyst

Question 3.
Define catalysis.
Answer:
Chemical substance used to alters the speed of the reaction is called catalyst and the process is called catalysis.

Question 4.
What happens when an iron nail is placed in copper sulphate solution?
Answer:
When iron nail is dipped in the solution of copper sulphate, copper is displaced by iron and forms ferrous sulphate. Thus, the blue colour of copper sulphate changes into green because of formation of ferrous sulphate.

Question 5.
What is pollution?
Answer:
Unwanted change in physical, chemical and biological properties of the environment. This is termed as pollution.

Question 6.
What is Tarnishing? Give an example.
Answer:
Tarnishing of metal articles:
Shiny metal surfaces and other articles lose their shining appearance due to chemical reactions on the surface. For example, silver articles become black on exposure to atmospheric air.

Similarly, brass vessels which contain copper as one of constituents develop a greenish layer on exposure to air for a long time. This is due to a chemical reaction between copper and moist air to form basic copper carbonate and copper hydroxide.

Question 7.
What happens to the brine during electrolysis?
Answer:
A concentrated solution of sodium chloride called Brine is electrolysed to produce chlorine and hydrogen gases along with sodium hydroxide. This is a very important reaction to produce chlorine industrially.

Question 8.
On heating, calcium carbonate gives calcium oxide and oxygen. Is it exothermic reaction or endothermic reaction?
Answer:
Endothermic reaction.

Question 9.
What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
Answer:
Substances used to alter the speed of a chemical reaction, are called catalysts. For example, metallic iron is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of ammonia by Haber’s process.

Question 10.
Why photosynthesis is a chemical reaction?
Answer:
1. Photosynthesis is a process in which light energy from the sun is used by the plants to prepare starch from carbon dioxide and water.

2. The sunlight uses the chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and water, which finally ends up in the production of starch (photo means light and synthesis means production). These chemical reactions in used by light are called as photochemical reactions.

Hot Questions

Question 1.
Explain the role of yeast in making cakes?
Answer:

1. Yeast is a key ingredient in the production of baked goods.
2. Yeast is a bio – organic catalyst carbon dioxide is generated by the yeast as a result of the breakdown of fermentable sugars in the dough and makes cakes to rise.

Question 2.
Justify the statement. Burning of fossil fuels is responsible for global warming.
Answer:
The combustion of fossil fuels also releases a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which is responsible for global warming. Humans bum fossil fuels, releasing huge amounts of carbon pollution and trapping more and more heat in the atmosphere.

Question 3.
Discuss acid rain occurs due to emission of smoke from vehicles and industries.
Answer:

1. Rain becomes acidic in nature due to the presence of certain pollutants in the air released by cars and industrial processes.
2. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere.

Question 4.
Is rusting good for Iron materials? Explain.
Answer:
No. Rusting is not good for iron materials. Rust is a form of iron oxide. It occurs when iron combines with the oxygen in the air causing it to corrode. Rust can affect iron and its alloys. It makes them weaker, by replacing the strong iron with flaky powder.

Question 5.
Do all the fruits and vegetables undergo browning? Explain.
Answer:
No, not all the fruits. E nzymic browning can be observed in fruits such as apricots, pears, bananas, grapes and avocados and vegetables such as aubergines, potatoes, lettuce. The enzyme polyphenol oxidase or tyrosinase that when in contact with oxygen catalyses a biochemical reaction of plants phenolic compounds to brown pigments known as melanin, which results in the fruit or vegetable turning brown.

Question 6.
Classify the following day to day activities based on chemical reactions by physical contact, solutions of reactants, heat, light, electricity and catalyst.

1. Burning of crackers during festivals
2. Addition of water to quicklime to make it slaked lime
3. Silver ornaments become black on exposure to air for a longtime
4. Copper vessel kept in open air for long time

Answer:

1. Chemical reaction.
2. Exothermic reaction.
3. Tarnishing.
4. Rusting.

VI. Answer In Detail

Question 1.
Explain how food items are spoilt due to chemical reactions?
Answer:
1. Spoilage of food and vegetables:
Food spoilage may be defined as any change that causes food unfit for human consumption. The chemical reactions catalyzed by the enzymes result in the degradation of food quality such as development of bad taste and odour, deterioration and loss of nutrients.

Example 1 : Rotten eggs develop a bad smell due to formation of hydrogen sulphide gas.
Example 2 : Decaying of vegetables and fruits due to microbes.

2. Rancidity of fishes and meat:
Fishes and meat containing high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids that undergo oxidation causes bad odour when exposed to air or light. This process is called rancidity.

3. Apples and fruits turn brown when cut:

• Apples and some fruits turn brown due to chemical reaction with oxygen in air. This chemical reaction is called browning.
• The cells of apples, fruits and other vegetables contain an enzyme called polyphenol oxidase or tyrosinase, when come in contact with oxygen catalyses a biochemical reaction of plants, phenolic compounds to brown pigments known as melanins.

Question 2.
Explain the three types of pollution.
Answer:
Generally there are three types of pollutions viz air, water and land pollution. Due to increasing human activities lot of chemical substances are produced artificially which harm all the living and non – living things.
Types of chemical substances and their effects:

S. No	Type of pollution	Chemical substances responsible for the pollution	Effects
1.	Air pollution	Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, oxides of sulphur, oxides of nitrogen, Chlorofluorocarbons, methane etc.	Acid rain, Global warming, respiratory problems etc.
2.	Water pollution	Waste water containing chemical substances (e.g dyeing industries), detergents, oil spillage etc.	Decrease in quality of water, skin diseases etc.
3.	Land pollution	Fertilizers like urea, various pesticides, herbicides etc.	Spoilage of land, cancer, respiratory diseases etc.

Question 3.
Explain any three conditions that is required for a chemical reaction to take place by citing one example each.
Answer:
Conditions required for a chemical reaction to take place:
Chemical reactions can be done through:

1. Physical contact
2. Solution of reactants
3. Electricity
4. Heat
5. Light
6. Catalyst

1. Chemical Reactions Based On Solution Of Reactants:
When we mix two substances (Reactants) in solution form, the chemical reaction takes place to form new substances (Products).
Example:

• Take small amount of solid silver nitrate and sodium chloride in a test tube. The reactants in solid state have no reactions.
• Dissolve the same reactants in water in separate test tubes.
• Mix both the solutions. Silver nitrate solution reacts with sodium chloride solution to form a white precipitate of silver chloride and sodium nitrate solution.
• From the above reaction, we infer that some chemical reactions proceed only in solution form not in solid form.

2. Chemical Reaction Based On Electricity:

• When electricity is passed through water containing small amounts of sulphuric acid, hydrogen and oxygen gases are liberated.
• Similarly, a concentrated solution of sodium chloride called Brine is electrolysed to produce chlorine and hydrogen gases along with sodium hydroxide.
• This is a very important reaction to produce chlorine industrially.
• From the above two reactions, we infer that some chemical reactions proceed only by the passage of electricity.
• Hence, such reactions are called as electrochemical reaction or electrolysis.

3. Chemical Reactions Based On Light:
Sunlight is important not only for us but also for plants as welll. As you know photosynthesis is a process in which light energy from the sun is used by the plants to prepare starch from carbon dioxide and water.
Example:
The sunlight uses the chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and water, which finally ends up in the production of starch (photo means light and synthesis means production). These chemical reactions is used by light are called as photochemical reactions.

VII. Value Based Questions

Question 1.
Kumar is going to build a house. To purchase the iron rods required for construction, he visited an Iron & steel shop nearby. The seller showed him some Iron rods which are fresh and good. He also showed him little older Iron rods which are brownish in appearance. The price of fresh rods are costlier than the older ones* the seller also gave some offer to older ones. Kumar’s friend Ramesh advised him not to buy the cheaper rods.

1. Is Ramesh right in his suggestion?
2. Could you explain the reason for his suggestion?
3. What are the values shown by Ramesh?

Answer::

1. Yes, Ramesh is right in his suggestion because old iron rods were rusted.
2. The older rods are brownish and they are rusted. Rusting destroys the quality of the iron rods and harmful for construction.
3. Responsible behaviour, correct decision, caring and awareness.

Question 2.
Palanikumar is a Lawyer. He lives in a costly flat. Due to high rent, he wants to shift his residence to a place where he has a chemical industry nearby. There the rent is very cheap and the area is less populated also. Rajasekar, his son studying VIII does not like this and likes to go to some other place.

1. Is Rajasekar right in his attitude?
2. Why did he refuse to go there?
3. What are the values shown by Rajasekar?

Answer:

1. Yes, Rajasekar is more concerned over his family health than saving money.
2. Rajasekar know that the air pollution from nearby chemical industry would be harmful and affect his family health.
3. Environmentally sensitive, awareness, caring and correct decision.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Changes Around Us Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
When carbon dioxide is passed through lime water –
(a) Calcium hydroxide is formed
(b) White precipitate of CaO is formed
(c) Lime water turns milky
(d) Colour of lime water disappears
Answer:
(c) lime water turns milky

Question 2.
When a magnesium ribbon is burnt in air, the ash formed is –
(a) Black
(b) White
(c) Yellow
(d) Pink
Answer:
(b) White

Question 3.
Rancidity can be prevented by –
(a) Adding antioxidants
(b) Storing food away from light
(c) Keeping food in refrigerator
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 4.
The reaction of H₂ gas with oxygen gas to form water is an example of –
(a) Combination
(b) Redox reaction
(c) Exothermic reaction
(d) All of these
Answer:
(a) Combination

Question 5.
On immersing an iron nail in CuSO₄ solution for few minutes, you will observe –
(a) No reaction takes place
(b) The colours of solution fades away
(c) The surface of iron nails acquire a black coating
(d) The colour of solution changes to green
Answer:
(d) the colour of solution changes to green

Question 6.
Chemically rust is –
(a) Hydrated ferrous
(b) Only ferric oxide
(c) Hydrated ferric oxide
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Hydrated ferric oxide

Question 7.
Both CO₂ and H₂ gases are –
(a) Heavier than air
(b) Colourless
(c) Acidic in nature
(d) soluble in water
Answer:
(b) Colourless

Question 8.
Fatty foods become rancid due to the process of –
(a) Oxidation
(b) Corrosion
(c) reduction
(d) hydrogenation
Answer:
(a) Oxidation

II. Fill in the Blanks

1. ……………… is the chemical name of rust.
2. ……………… is chemical name of slaked lime
3. ……………… is chemical name of limestone.
4. ……………… is a chemical substance is used in white washing.
5. The head of the matchstick contains ……………… and ………………
6. The sides of the matchbox contains ………………
7. The term electrolysis was introduced by ………………
8. When milk is mixed with coffee decoction, the colour of milk and decoction changes due to ………………
9. Acid rain is a result of ………………
10. Fishes and meat containing high levels of ……………….

Answer:

1. Iron oxide
2. Calcium hydroxide
3. Calcium carbonate
4. Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime)
5. Potassium chlorate, antimony tri sulphide
6. Red phrosphorous
7. Michael Faraday
8. Chemical reaction
9. Air pollution
10. Polyunsaturated fatty acids

III. True or False – if false give the correct statement

Question 1.
The head of a matchstick contains red phosphorous.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
The head of a matchstick contains potassium chlorate and antimony tri sulphide.

Question 2.
Lead nitrate produces brown gas on heating.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
Photochemistry deals with chemical reactions involving light.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
Ammonia is an important fertilizer in agriculture.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Urea is an important fertilizer in agriculture, but ammonia is the material used for the production of urea.

Question 5.
Decaying of vegetables and fruits due to microbes.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
Catalyst inhibit the chemical reaction.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Catalysts are used to alter the speed of a chemical reaction and increase the reaction rate.

IV. Match the following

Question 1.

i	Quick lime	(a)	Calcium hydroxide
ii	Slaked lime	(b)	Calcium oxide
iii	Thermolysis	(c)	Light
iv	Photo chemical	(d)	Heat

Answer:

i. b
ii. a
iii. d
iv. c

Question 2.

i	Ammonia	(a)	Nickel
ii	Dalda	(b)	Fermentation
iii	Alcoholic beverages	(c)	Biocatalysts
iv	Yeast	(d)	Urea

Answer:

i. d
ii. a
iii. b
iv. c

Question 3.

i	Apples	(a)	Oxygen
ii	Fatty acids	(b)	Browning
iii	Acid rain	(c)	Rancidity
iv	Solid camphor	(d)	Air pollution

Answer:

i. b
ii. c
iii. d
iv. a

V. Very short Answers

Question 1.
What are the conditions required for a chemical reaction to take place?
Answer:
Chemical reactions can be done through;

1. Physical contact
2. Solution of reactants
3. Electricity
4. Heat
5. Light
6. Catalyst.

Question 2.
What is electrolysis?
Answer:
Some chemical reactions proceed only by the passage of electricity. Hence, such reactions are called as electrochemical reaction or electrolysis.
Example:
When electricity is passed through water containing small amounts of sulphuric acid, hydrogen and oxygen gases are liberated.

Question 3.
What is brine commonly known as?
Answer:
Brine is a solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H₂O). Brine is a high concentration solution of salt in water.

Question 4.
How is chlorine prepared industrially?
Answer:
A concentrated solution of sodium chloride called BRINE is electrolysed to produce chlorine and hydrogen gases along with sodium hydroxide. This is a very important reaction to produce chlorine industrially.

Question 5.
What is thermo chemical reactions?
Answer:
Some of the chemical reactions can be achieved by the supply of heat only. These reactions are called thermo chemical reactions or thermolysis. In industries limestone rocks are heated to get quicklime (calcium oxide).

Question 6.
What are catalystic reactions?
Answer:
Speed of the certain reactions is influenced by the catalysts and such reactions are called catalytic reactions.

Question 7.
Define the term exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Answer:
Chemical reactions accompanying evolution of heat are called exothermic reactions whereas reactions involving absorbtion of heat are called endothermic reactions.

VI. Short Answer

Question 1.
What is the difference between reactants and products?
Answer:

1. Reactants are the inputs whereas products are output.
2. When we mix two substances(Reactants)in solution form, the chemical reaction takes place to form new substances(Products).
3. There is no existence of products without reactants.

Question 2.
Write the effects of chemical reactions.
Answer:
Chemical reaction requires a specific condition to occur. When chemical reactions take place there will be production of heat, light, sound, pressure etc.

Effects of chemical reactions are:

1. Biological effects
2. Environmental effects
3. Production of heat, light, sound and pressure
4. Evolution of gas, changes in colour and change in state.

Question 3.
What happens to the steel benches and tables during rainy season?
Answer:
Tarnishing of metal articles:
This is because the iron metal comes into contact with water and oxygen, it undergoes a chemical reaction called Rusting. Shiny metal surfaces and other articles lose their shining appearance due to chemical reactions on the surface.

VII. Long Answer

Question 1.
Explain the process of corrosion and rusting.
Answer:
Corrosion:

1. Corrosion is the natural process by which a naturally pure metal converts into a more stable form of itself like hydroxide or oxide.
2. It is an actual degradation of the metal as it renders the metal useless of its usual metallic character.

Rusting:

1. Rusting is the specific name given to the corrosion of iron. Rust can be termed with the chemical formula of iron oxide with its general formula Fe₂O₃.
2. Iron when in contact in the air moisture or water, corrodes and forms rust.

Question 2.
Write a note on catalytic reactions.
Answer:

1. In industries some chemical substances are used to alter the speed of a chemical reaction. These substances are called catalysts.
2. For example, metallic iron is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of ammonia using Haber’s process.
3. This ammonia is the basic material for the production of urea, an important fertilizer in agriculture.
4. In Vanaspati ghee (dalda) preparation finely divided nickel is used as a catalyst.
5. Thus, speed of the certain reactions is influenced by the catalysts and such reactions are called catalytic reactions.
6. Enzymes and yeasts are called biocatalysts.

Question 3.
Write the effects of chemical reactions.
Answer:
The effects of chemical reactions are:
1. Evolution of gas:
Gas evolution may take place as a result of chemical reactions. Example: When dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate carbon dioxide gas is evolved.

2. Change in colour:
Certain chemical changes produce change in colour. Example : When you place a iron nail in a solution of copper sulphate, the blue colour of copper sulphate slowly changes into green due to chemical reaction between iron copper sulphate solution.

3. Change in state:
Certain chemical reaction change of state is observed. Example : When you bum a piece of camphor, smoke comes out as result of chemical reaction between solid camphor and oxygen. Here, there is a change of state from solid to gas.

VIII. Reason out

Question 1.
Speed of the certain reaction is influenced by the catalyst.
Answer:
Reason : Some chemical substances are used to alter the speed of a chemical reaction. Example : metallic iron is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of ammonia.

Question 2.
Chlorine is produced by Brine.
Answer:
Reason : Brine is electrolysed to produce chlorine and hydrogen gases along with sodium hydroxide. Such reactions are called as electrolysis.

Question 3.
Ozone is produced naturally in the stratosphere.
Answer:
Reason : Most of the earth’s ozone is contained in the stratosphere, a layer of the atmosphere 10 – 40 km above the surface of the earth.

Question 4.
Photolysis occurs in the atmosphere.
Answer:
Reason : The UV rays from the sun break ozone (O₃ molecules in the stratosphere into oxygen and atomic oxygen.

IX. Creative questions : HOTS

Question 1.
Name the nitrate which does not produce brown gas on heating?
Answer:

1. The nitrates of alkali metals do not produce reddish brown nitrogen dioxide on heating.
2. The most common ones are sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate.

Question 2.
What are the chemical reactions occur in everyday life?
Answer:

1. The rusting of iron.
2. Combustion (burning) of wood.
3. The metabolism of food in the body.
4. Mixing an acid and a base, such as hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
5. Cooking an egg.
6. Digesting sugar with the amylase in saliva.
7. Mixing baking soda and vinegar to produce carbon dioxide gas.
8. Using a chemical battery.
9. The explosion of fire works.
10. Rotting bananas.
11. Photosynthesis.

Question 3.
Is rotting fruit a chemical change?
Answer:
The rotting of fruit is a chemical reaction. It’s not a physical change. Because an enzymatic reaction causes molecules to change when rotting.

Question 4.
An element ‘A’ on exposure to moist air turns reddish – brown and a new compound ‘B’ is formed. The substance ‘A’ and ‘B’ are:
Answer:
A = Fe (Iron)
B = Fe₂O₃ (Iron oxide)

Question 5.
Which substance is flushed in bags of potato chips to prevent rancidity?
Answer:
Nitrogen.

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 21 Nutrition and Health

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Nutrition and Health Textbook Exercises

I. Choose the best answer.

Nutrition And Health 9th Class Question 1.
The nutrient required in trace amounts to accomplish various body functions is ………………
(a) Carbohydrate
(b) Protein
(c) Vitamin
(d) Fat
Answer:
(c) Vitamin

Chapter 21 Nutrition And Health Question 2.
The physician who discovered that Scurvy can be cured by ingestion of citrus fruit is …………….
(a) James Lind
(b) Louis Pasteur
(c) Charles Darwin
(d) Isaac Newton
Answer:
(a) James Lind

9th Science Nutrition And Health Question 3.
The sprouting of onion and potatoes can be delayed by the process of ………………
(a) Freezing
(b) Irradiation
(c) Salting
(d) Canning
Answer:
(b) Irradiation

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 9th Science Question 4.
Food and Adulteration Act was enacted by the Government of India in the year ………………..
(a) 1964
(b) 1954
(c) 1950
(d) 1963
Answer:
(b) 1954

Samacheer Kalvi. Guru 9th Question 5.
An internal factor responsible for spoilage of food is ………………..
(a) Wax coating
(b) Contaminated utensils
(c) Moisture content in food
(d) Synthetic preservatives
Answer:
(c) Moisture content in food

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. Deficiency diseases can be prevented by taking ………………. diet.
2. The process of affecting the natural composition and the quality of food substance is known as …………………
3. Vitamin D is called as …………….. vitamin as it can be synthesised by the body from the rays
   of the sunlight.
4. Dehydration is based on the principle of removal of ………………..
5. Food should not be purchased beyond the date of ………………..
6. AGMARK is used to certify ……………. and ……………. products on India.

Answer:

1. balanced
2. Food spoilage
3. Calciferol
4. water
5. expiry
6. Livestock, Agricultural products

III. Mention whether the following statements are true or false. If false, write the correct statement.

1. Iron is required for the proper functioning of thyroid gland – False.
   Correct Statement: Iodine is required for the proper functioning of thyroid gland.
2. Vitamins are required in large quantities for normal functioning of the body – False.
   Correct Statement: Vitamins are required in small quantities for normal functioning of the body.
3. Vitamin C is a water-soluble Vitamin – True
4. Lack of adequate fats in the diet may result in low body weight – True
5. ISI mark is mandatory to certify agricultural products – False.
   Correct Statement: AGMARK is mandatory to certify Agricultural products.

IV. Match column A with column B.

Calcium – (a) Muscular fatigue
Sodium – (b) Anaemia
Potassium – (c) Osteoporosis
Iron – (d) Goitre
Iodine – (e) Muscular cramps
Answer:

1. (c) Osteoporosis
2. (e) Muscular cramps
3. (a) Muscular fatigue
4. (b) Anaemia
5. (d) Goitre

V. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

Class 9 Science Questions And Answers Question 1.

Vitamin	Rich Source	Deficiency Disease
Calciferol	–	Rickets
–	papaya	Night blindness
Ascorbic acid	–	–
–	whole grains	Beriberi

Answer:

Vitamin	Rich Source	Deficiency Disease
Calciferol	liver	Rickets
Retinol	papaya	Night blindness
Ascorbic acid	Citrus fruits	Scurvy
Thiamine	whole grains	Beriberi

VI. Give abbreviations for the following food standards.

1. ISI – Indian Standards Institution.
2. FPO – Fruit Process Order.
3. AGMARK – Agricultural Marking.
4. FCI – Food Corporation of India.
5. FSSAI – Food Safety and Standard Authority of India.

VII. Assertion and reason.

Direction: In the following question, a statement of a Assertion is given and a corresponding Reason is given just below it. Of the statements given below, mark the correct answer as:
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason is false.
Question 1.
Assertion: Haemoglobin contains iron.
Reason: Iron deficiency leads to anaemia.
Answer:
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 9th Question 2.
Assertion: AGMARK is a quality control agency.
Reason: ISI is a symbol of quality.
Answer:
(d) If both Assertion and Reason is false.

VIII. Very short answers questions.

Samacheer Kalvi.Guru 9th Question 1.
Differentiate
Answer:
(a) Kwashiorkor from Marasmus

Kwashiorkor		Marasmus
1.	It affects children between 1 to 5 years.	It affects infants, below the age of one year.
2.	Occurs due to the diet mainly consists of carbohydrates, but poor in proteins.	Occurs, when the diet is poor in carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

(b) Macronutrients from micronutrients

Macronutrients		Micronutrients
1.	Nutrients required in large amount for the proper functions of the cells.	Nutrients required in very amount for the proper functions of the cells.
2.	Calcium, potassium, sodium etc, are  some macronutrients.	Iron, iodine etc are some micro-nutrients.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Question 2.
Why salt is used as a preservative in food.
Answer:

1. It removes the moisture content in the food.
2. Prevents the growth of bacteria.
3. Reduces the activity of microbial enzymes.+

Samacheerkalvi.Guru 9th Science Question 3.
What is an adulterant?
Answer:
An adulterant is an undesirable substance added to the food against the food safety standards.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru Science 9th Question 4.
A doctor advises an adolescent girl who is suffering from anaemia to include more of leafy vegetables and dates in her diet. Why so?
Answer:
The disease Anaemia occurs due to the deficiency of the mineral iron. Iron is an important component of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the body, so the doctor advises the girl to take leafy vegetables as they are the sources of itpn.

9th Science Samacheer Kalvi Question 5.
Name any two naturally occurring toxic substances in food.
Answer:
Alkaloids and Aflatoxin.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 9th Standard Question 6.
What factors are required for the absorption of Vitamin D from the food by the body?
Answer:
The factor that regulates the absorption of Vitamin D is the presence of dietary fat (Egg, Liver, Dairy products, Fish, etc). When our body absorbs this fat, it also absorbs the dissolved Vitamin D. When the sun rays fall on the skin, the fat is converted into Vitamin D.

IX. Short answers.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 9th Standard Science Question 1.
Write any one function of of the following minerals.

1. Calcium
2. Sodium
3. Iron
4. Iodine

Answer:

1. Calcium: Enamel of teeth.
2. Sodium: Maintains fluid balance.
3. Iron: Important component of Haemoglobin, which carries Oxygen from Lungs to body.
4. Iodine: Formation of Thyroid hormone.

Samacheerkalvi.Guru 9th Question 2.
Explain the two methods of food preservation.
Answer:

• SMOKING:
  Food products like Meat and Fish are exposed to smoke. The drying action of the smoke tends to preserve the food.
• Use of Inert gas:
  Nitrogen gas is filled in air tight packets of Potato wafers and other products. It prevents the growth of fungus and insects in them.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 9th Science Book Back Answers Question 3.
What are the effects of consuming adulterated food?
Answer:

• Increases the impurity in the food items
• Lack of Nutritional value
• Leads to various diseases

X. Give one reason for the following statements.

(a) Salt is added as a preservative in Pickles.
Answer:
Addition of salt removes the moisture content in the food by the process of Osmosis.

(b) We should not eat food items beyond the expiry date.
Answer:
Toxins are produced by the Bacteria (or) by the enzymes.

(c) Deficiency of Calcium in diet leads to poor skeletal growth
Answer:
Deficiency of Calcium in diet leads to poor skeletal growth because of bone deformities and Osteoporosis in adults.

XI. Long answer questions.

Question 1.
How are Vitamins useful to us? Tabulate the source, deficiency diseases and symptoms of fat soluble Vitamins.
Answer:
Vitamins boost the immune system, support normal growth and development.

 

Vitamins	Sources	Deficiency disorders	Symptoms
Fat Soluble Vitamins                                                                                        .
Vitamin A (Retinol)	Carrot, papaya, leafy vegetables, fish liver oil, egg yolk, liver, dairy products	Xerophthalmia Nyctalopia (Night blindness)	Dryness of Cornea Unable to see in the night (dim light) Scaly Skin
Vitamin D (Calciferol)	Egg, liver, dairy products, fish synthesized by the skin in sunlight	Rickets (in children)	Bowlegs, defective ribs, development of pigeon chest
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)	Whole wheat, meat, vegetable oil, milk	Sterility in rats, reproductive abnormalities	Sterility
Vitamin K (Derivative of Quinone)	Leafy vegetables, soya beans, milk	Blood clotting is prevented	Excessive bleeding due to delayed blood clotting

Question 2.

Explain the role of food control agencies in India.
Answer:

1. ISI (Indian Standards Institution) known as Bureau of Indian Standard. It Certifies Industrial products like Electrical appliances like switches, wiring cables, water heater, electric motor, kitchen appliances etc.
2. AGMARK (Agricultural Marking) certifies Agricultural and Livestock products like cereals/essential oils, pulses, honey, butter etc.
3. FPO (Fruit Process Order) certifies the Fruit products like Juice, jams, sauce, canned fruits and vegetables, pickles etc.
4. FSSAI ( Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) responsible for protecting and promoting public health through regulation and supervision of food safety.

XII. Higher Order Thinking Skills.

Question 1.
The doctor advises an adolescent girl who is suffering from anaemia to include more of leafy vegetables and dates in her diet. Why so?
Answer:
Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency in adolescent girls. Insufficient iron can lead to anaemia. Leafy vegetables and dates are rich in iron and other minerals. So the doctor advises to include more of these in the diet.

Question 2.
Sanjana wants to buy a jam bottle in a grocery shop. What are the things she should observe on the label before purchasing it?
Answer:

1. Name of the product
2. Manufacturer’s details, Contents/Ingredients
3. Net Weight
4. Maximum Retail Price (MRP)
5. Date of Manufacture
6. Date of Expiry
7. Date of best before use

Activity

Question 1.
Let each of the student bring any food packet (jam, juice, pickle, bread, biscuit, etc). Note down the details like name of the product, manufacturer’s details, contents/ ingredients, net weight, Maximum Retail Price (MRP), date of manufacture, date of expiry/best before twelve months from the date of manufacture and standardized marks like ISI, AGMARK or FPO printed on the label for each of the items to create awareness.
Answer:

• Name of the product – Thenkuzhal.
• Manufacturer’s details – Sri Krishna Sweets. Handmade to provide authentic taste.
• Ingredients – Rice flour, Refined vegetable oil, Urud dhal, Butter, Iodized salt, Cumin, Asafoetida.
• Net weight – 500 gms.
• Maximum Retail Prize – (MRP) ? 100.
• Date of Manufacture – 09.04.2018.
• Date of Expiry – Best before 30 days from the date of manufacture.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Nutrition and Health Additional Questions

I. Fill in the blanks.

1. Carbohydrates are the chief source of …………………
2. …………… also known as Triglycerides are the Esters of free fatty acid chains and Glycerol.
3. ………………. are the constituents of teeth, bones, tissues, blood, muscle and nerve cells.
4. Vitamin Bl, B2, B3, B6, B12 and Vitamin C are ……………… soluble vitamins.
5. In ………………, the food materials are kept inside a cold room in a temperature range of 23°C to 30°C.
6. …………….. is declared as Global Iodine Deficiency Day.
7. ………………… regulates the nerve and muscle activity.
8. ……………. are the enzymes involved in the breakdown of fats in the small intestine during the process of digestion.
9. ……………….. is found in Honey, Sugarcane and fruits.
10. ……………… is stored in our liver and muscles.

Answer:

1. energy
2. Fats
3. Calcium
4. Water
5. Deep freezing
6. October 21st
7. Potassium
8. Lipase
9. Sucrose
10. Glycogen

II. Mention whether the following statements are True or False. If False give the correct statements.

1. Carbohydrates are inorganic compounds composed of Nitrogen, Sulphur and Potassium – False.
   Correct Statement: Carbohydrates are Organic compounds, composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.
2. Proteins are polymer chains made of Amino acids linked together by Peptide bonds. – True
3. Goitre is the swelling of the region below the neck, due to the enlargement of Thyroid gland, due to Calcium deficiency – False.
   Correct Statement: Goitre is the swelling of the region below the neck, due to the enlargement of Thyroid gland, due to Iodine deficiency.
4. Addition of oil in pickles prevents the contact of air with the pickle – True
5. The synthetic preservatives do not delay the microbial growth and do not keep the food safe for long duration – False.
   Correct Statement: The synthetic preservatives delay the microbial growth and keep the food safe for long duration.
6. Dried Neem leaves and turmeric are used to store food grains in our home to protect the grain from insects and Beetles – True
7. Food should be pure, nutritious and free from any adulteration for proper maintenance of human health – True

III. Answer shortly.

Question 1.
What is Malnutrition?
Answer:
Absence of certain nutrients in our daily diet over a long period of time leads to deficiency diseases. This condition is called Malnutrition.

Question 2.
Name any two Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) diseases.
Answer:

1. Kwashiorkor.
2. Marasmus.

Question 3.
Define Vitaminosis. Give an example.
Answer:
Any disease caused by the presence of an excess of Vitamin is called as Vitaminosis.
Example. An excess of Vitamin A is called Hyper Vitaminosis A.

Question 4.
What is a balanced diet?
Answer:
A diet containing essential nutrients in right proportion for normal growth and development and to prevent Malnutrition is called Balanced diet.

Question 5.
What are the signs of the food spoilage?
Answer:
Change in the appearance of food, its colour, texture, odour and taste are some of the signs of food spoilage.

Question 6.
Why is food preserved?
Answer:

1. To increase the shelf life of food.
2. To retain the colour, texture, flavour and nutritive value.
3. To increase the food supply.
4. Decrease the wastage of food.

Question 7.
How does microbial contamination occur?
Answer:
Microbial contamination occurs due to the presence of pathogens like Escherichia coli, Salmonella in fruits, vegetables, and ready-to-eat meat and poultry products.

IV. Match the following.

Question 1.

Potassium	Dermatitis
Vitamin B6	Pellagra
Omega – 3	A vital solvent
Vitamin B3	Muscular fatigue
Water	Essential fatty acid

Answer:

1. (d) Muscular fatigue
2. (a) Dermatitis
3. (e) Essential fatty acid
4. (b) Pellagra
5. (c) a Vital solvent

V. Answer the following in detail.

Question 1.
What is food spoilage? What are the factors responsible for food spoilage?
Answer:
Food spoilage is an undesirable change in the food’s normal state and is not suitable for eating is called food spoilage. There are two factors responsible for food spoilage.

1. Internal Factors: Internal factors include enzymatic activities and moisture content of the food.
2. External Factors: External factors like adulterants in food, lack of storage facilities, Unhygienic cooking area, microorganisms etc are responsible for food spoilage.

Question 2.
Explain the types of adulterants.
Answer:

There are three types of Adulterants. They are as follows.

1. Natural Adulterants:
   Natural toxic substances occur in poisonous Mushrooms, Prussic acid in seeds of apples, cherry etc, marine toxins, fish oil poisoning etc, Pollutants in air, water and land are also Natural pollutants.
2. Unintentional Adulterants:
   Some adulterants are added unknowingly by Pesticide residues, Droppings of Rodents, Insects, rodent bites and larva in food during its storage.
3. Intentional Adulterants:
   • Addition of preservatives like Vinegar, Citric acid, Sodium bicarbonate, Hydrogen peroxide in milk, food flavors, Artificial sweeteners etc,
   • Addition of chemicals like Calcium Carbide to ripen the bananas and Mangoes.
   • Food colour like Metallic Lead is used to give colours for vegetables like Bitter Gourd, Peas etc.
   • Edible synthetic wax like Shellac or Camauba wax is coated on fruits like Apple and pear.

Question 3.
Explain some simple techniques used to detect adulterants at home.
Answer:

1. Milk:
   Place a drop of milk on a polished surface. Pure milk flows slowly, leaving a trail behind. Milk with water will flow fast, without leaving a trail.
2. Honey:
   Dip a cotton wick in Honey and light it with a match stick. Pure Honey bums, but adulterated honey gives a cracking sound.
3. Sugar:
   Dissolve sugar. If chalk powder is added as an adulterant, it will settle down.
4. Coffee Powder:
   Sprinkle a few pinches of Coffee powder in a glass of water. Coffee powder floats. If it is adulterated with Tamarind powder, it settles down.
5. Food Grains:
   Foodgrains are mixed with stones, sand grit, marble, etc. They are removed by Sorting, handpicking, and washing.

You can Download On Killing a Tree Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf Poem Chapter 3 help you to revise complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Poem Chapter 3 On Killing a Tree

On Killing a Tree Warm Up:

On Killing A Tree Poem Questions And Answers Pdf Question 1.
What is a tree ?
Answer:
A tree is a tall plant that has a wooden trunk with branches, leaves, flowers and fruits.

On Killing A Tree Book Back Answers Question 2.
Why trees are important for our survival ?
Answer:
Trees are important for our survival because it is the primary source of oxygen we breathe. Apart from that, various parts of a tree are used in making things that we use in our day-to-day lives.

On Killing A Tree Question Answers Question 3.
How long does it take a tree to grow to its full size?
Answer:
It takes around seven to ten years and more for a tree to attain its full size.

On Killing A Tree Samacheer Kalvi Question 4.
How much time does it take to cut down a tree?
Answer:
With modem equipments a tree can be cut down within an hour.

On Killing a Tree Textual Questions

A. Memorize the first two stanzas of the poem.

B. Read the following lines from the poem and answer the questions in a sentence or two.

1. It takes much time to kill a tree,
Not a simple jab of the knife
Will do it.

On Killing A Tree Questions And Answers Question (i).
Can a ‘simple jab of the knife’ kill a tree?
Answer:
No.

9th English On Killing A Tree Question (ii).
Why does it take much time to kill a tree?
Answer:
It takes much time to kill a tree as it has grown strong all through the years.

2. It has grown
Slowly consuming the earth,
Rising out of it, feeding
Upon its crust, absorbing

On Killing A Tree Poem 9th Standard Question (i).
How has the tree grown?
Answer:
The tree has grown Slowly consuming the earth, rising out of it, feeding upon its crust.

9th English Poem On Killing A Tree Question (ii).
What does the tree feed from the crust?
Answer:
The tree feeds sunlight, air, water from the crust.

3. And out of its leprous hide
Sprouting leaves.

9th Standard English On Killing A Tree Question (i).
What does the phrase ‘leprous hide’ mean?
Answer:
‘Leprous hide’ means the discolored bark of the tree.

On Killing A Tree Poem Book Back Answers Question (ii).
What comes out of the leprous hide?
Answer:
Sprouting leaves come out of the leprous hide.

4. The bleeding bark will heal
And from close to the ground
Will rise curled green twigs,
Miniature boughs

On Killing A Tree Question Answer Question (i).
What will happen to the bleeding bark?
Answer:
The bleeding bark will heal.

9th English Memory Poem On Killing A Tree Question (ii).
What will rise from close to the ground?
Answer:
Curled green twigs and miniature boughs will rise from close to the ground.

5. The root is to be pulled out
One of the anchoring earth;

9th On Killing A Tree Poem Question (i).
Why should the root be pulled out?
Answer:
The root should be pulled out to kill the tree.

9th Standard On Killing A Tree Poem Question (ii).
What does ‘anchoring earth’ mean?
Answer:
Anchoring earth means that the roots fixed to the earth strongly like an anchor.

Additional Questions

1. “ Which if unchecked will expand again To former size”

On Killing A Tree Poem Question (i).
What does ‘which’ refer to? ,
Answer:
Which refers to the bleeding bark.

2. “The root is to be pulled out-One of the anchoring earth”

On Killing A Tree Poem In Tamil Question (i).
What has to be pulled out?
Answer:
The root has to be pulled out.

On Killing A Tree Poem Questions And Answers Question (ii).
What is anchoring earth?
The root is anchoring earth.

3. “Or pulled out entirely,
Out from the earth-cave”

On Killing A Tree Solutions Question (i).
From where should the root be pulled out?
Answer:
The root should be out of the earth-cave.

9th Std English Poem On Killing A Tree Question (ii).
What is an earth-cave?
Answer:
Earth-cave is the surface of the earth where the root is hidden.

4. “The source, white and wet.”

Question (i).
What is the source referred to?
Answer:
The source is referred as ‘white and wet’.

Question (ii).
What does ‘white and wet’ indicate?
Answer:
White and wet indicates life.

5. “Of scorching and choking In sun and air”

Question (i).
How is the source scorched and choked?
Answer:
The source is scorched and choked in sun and air.

Question (ii).
Why is it scorched and choked?
It is scorched and choked to kill.

6. “And then it is done”

Question (i).
Explain ‘it is done’.
Answer:
It is done implies that the tree is dead and that there is no chance of regrowth since its root has been completely pulled out.

C. Based on the understanding of the poem, write down the summary of the poem by filling in the blanks.

The poet explains the process of ______(1)______. A lot of work has to be done in order to ______(2)______ completely. It cannot be accomplished by merely cutting it with ______(3)_____ . The tree has grown strong with the help of ______(4)______for a countless years. Even the ______(5)______ of the tree gives rise to______(6)______. The______(7)______ sprouts new twigs and leaves. In a short period, they grow into a new tree. So, to ______(8)______ completely, one should take out its roots completely from the soil. Then they should be exposed to ______(9)______. Only then the tree will be completely killed.
Answers:

1. killing a tree
2. root it out
3. a knife
4. sunlight, water and nutrients of the soil
5. bark
6. leaves
7. boughs
8. kill it
9. sunlight and heat

D. Based on the understanding of the poem, answer the following questions in a sentence or two.

Question 1.
What is the poem about?
Answer:
The poem is about killing a tree.

Question 2.
What are the lessons to be learnt from the poem?
Answer:
The poet teaches us about nature and the sturdiness and longevity of the tree. To kill the tree or anything else, the heart of the thing has to be destroyed.

Question 3.
What are the life sources needed for a tree to grow?
Answer:
Soil, Water, Oxygen and Sunlight.

Question 4.
What does the poet mean by ‘bleeding bark’?
Answer:
The cut in the bark oozes sap. The poet compares the fluid to blood.

Question 5.
Why the poet says ‘No’ in the beginning of the third stanza?
Answer:
He wants to emphasize that it is not so easy to kill a tree.

Question 6.
How should the root be pulled out?
Answer:
The root must be roped, tied, pulled out, snapped out, and exposed.

Question 7.
What is hidden inside the earth for years?
Answer:
Life and legacy is hidden inside the earth.

Question 8.
What finally happens to the tree in this poem?
Answer:
The tree is killed.

E. Answer the following questions in about 80-100 words.

Question 1.
How well does the post bring out the pain of the tree?
Answer:
Give Patel spins a very visual tale of pain where the reader can almost feel the hacks made at a tree. The ‘bleeding bark’ is the visual representation of the pain, Patel envisions the tree going through. The tone of the poem is sarcastic and filled with caustic remarks. The poet, Gieve Patel, takes this ironic stance to propose his actual view on cutting down trees, which is according to him, not short of committing an act of murder. The cutting down of trees is equated with death. Every time Patel talks of cutting down a tree, he portrays it as killing it. The death the poet incorporates in this poem is both natural and spiritual.

Question 2.
‘A tree doesn’t grow in a day.’ Explain it with reference to the poem.
Answer:
Give Patel tells us that killing a tree is not easy. It is very time-consuming. Ajab of a knife is not enough. A tree grows straight out the earth, nourishing itself on the nutrients found in the earth, along with years of sunlight, water, and air. And even though the bark looks irregular and scaly, leaves and branches sprout of it. The lines

“It has grown
Slowly consuming the earth,
Rising out of it, feeding
Upon its crust, absorbing
Years of sunlight, air, water”

justify the longevity of the tree.

Question 3.
Why do you think the poet describes the act of cutting a tree? What effect does it have on you as a reader?
Answer:
The poet wants to highlight the harmful effects of deforestation in a sarcastic style. Therefore, Deforestation is another major theme of this poem. Deforestation has become a problem, especially in the modem times, where forests are cleared to make roads, or for furniture or for fossil fuel. It is incredibly harmful to the ecosystem and the imminent danger is felt throughout the poem. I feel we should grow more trees.

F. Complete the table by identifying lines, against the poetic devices from the poem.

Listening:

G. Listen to the passage about Nammazhwar, an environmental crusader from Tamil Nadu. As you listen, answer the following questions. The listening act can be repeated if required. (For listening to the passage refer to our website www.fullcircleeducation.in)
Nammazhwar was born in 1938 in Elangadu, Thanjavur District, and he graduated from Annamalai University with a B.Sc. degree in Agriculture. In 1963, he began working for the Agricultural Regional Research Station, a government organisation in Kovilpatti, as a scientist, conducting trials on spacing and use of various chemical fertilizers in cotton and millet crops. During his tenure there, the government had conducted various experiments in rain-fed land, he left the institute in 1969. should rely only minimally on external inputs.

All inputs using expensive inputs like hybrid seeds, chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides which Nammazhwar considered futile as the farmers were resource poor. Based on his experience, he felt very-strongly that it was imperative to totally reorient the research work being undertaken. But his peers at the institute paid little attention to his advice. Fmstrated, he left the institute in 1969. For the next 10 years, he was an agronomist for Island of Peace, an organisation founded by the Nobel Laureate Dominique Pire. His focus was on improving the standard of living through agricultural development in the Kalakad block of Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu.

It was at this time that he realised that to get optimal results in farming, farmers should rely only minimally on external inputs. All inputs should come from within the farm. So called waste should be recycled and used as input. This revelation was a turning point in his life. He completely lost trust in conventional farming practices and began experimenting with sustainable agricultural methods. Vegetables have a short lifespan compared to fruit crops.

By making use of modem technologies and inputs, their lifespan can perhaps be extended to say about a year. But if there is a simple method of growing vegetables throughout the year, without any costly gadgets, modem technologies, or costly inputs, it is definitely worth a try for the farmers. He advocated the ‘Bread sandwich’ method. In this method once the soil is made ready and the suggested practices followed, one need not work on the soil for the second time. They can go on sowing and reaping, all through the year.

He always said it was no use trying to teach a farmer. Instead, one should make the farmer understand the issue. He never stopped learning from them himself and had become a vast repository of farming practices and knowledge that he shared with whoever was interested. He never pushed ideas down anyone’s throat. Each farm is unique according to the farmers’ understanding and the conditions, Nammazhwar would say. He would keep experimenting with what he learned from the farmers, refi ned this knowledge and then gave it back to them.

He often said “Farming is not a way of producing crops to make money. It is a way of living, and a way of living that is possible even in the 21st century.” He trained hundreds of farm youths as trainers and helped any farmers to be master trainers-all this without the support of the government.

Question 1.
Who is Nammazhwar? What is his contribution to farmers and farming?
Answer:
Nammazhwar was an agricultural scientist. He conducted trials on spacing and use of various fertilizers in cotton and millet crops.

Question 2.
In 1963 he worked for the ______ as _______.
Answer:
Agricultural Regional Research Station in Kovilpatti as a scientist.

Question 3.
What was the turning point in the life of Nammazhwar?
Answer:
During his period as agronomist, he realised that farmers should rely minimally on external inputs. All inputs should come from within the farm. Waste should be recycled and used as input. This revelation was a turning point in his life.

Question 4.
How is the “Bread sandwich method” a boon to the farmers?
Answer:
In this method, once the soil is made ready and the suggested practices followed,
one need not work for the second time. They can go on sowing and reaping all through the year.

Question 5.
Pick out ideas from the passage to show that he learnt first and then shared with farmers.
Answer:
He said that it was no use trying to teach a farmer. He never stopped learning from them and had become a vast repository of farming practices and knowledge that he shared with whoever was interested.

Question 6.
Explain in your own words the meaning of “Farming __________ even in the 21st Century”.
Answer:
Farming is not only for making money. It is necessary to do farming to live even in the 21st century.

Question 7.
Give the synonyms of ‘rely’ and ‘sustainable’.
Answer:
Rely – depend
Sustainable – maintainable

Question 8.
“He never pushed ideas down anyone’s throat” means
(a) favoured
(b) compelled
(c) opposed
Answer:
(b) compelled

Writing:

H. Based on the iding of the poem, complete the web chart given below.

Answer:

1. 1. Killing a tree is killing a life
   2. Trees too feel the pain and bleed
   3. Deforestation is the result of man’s greed

I. Look at the two trees. One is a green flourishing tree and the other, a brown withering tree.

The class will now be divided into two groups. Group A will list down the agents that support a tree’s growth. Group B will list down those that prevent it. Once the groups are ready with their lists, a few representatives from each group will write down the lists on the blackboard.

Taking clues from the lists on the board, complete the following chart.

Answers:

J. Work in par Create three slogans on ‘Saving Trees’

Use catchy, meaningful phrases. Do not write complete sentences. Ensure that the words at the end rhyme. Read this example: Save a Tree
Get Oxygen for free
Answers:
1. If You Don’t Care
Trees Might Become Rare

2. Save Trees, Save Nature
Give Your Kids a Better Future

3. Trees Give Good Look
Don’t Destroy Them from Earth Book

Speaking:

K. Deliver a short speech for about five minutes on the following.

Question 1.
Imagine what will happen if all the trees in the earth disappear. Discuss with your friends and share it with your classmates.
Answer:
Life will not exist on Earth if trees disappear. Trees produce most of the oxygen that humans and wildlife need to live. Trees absorb Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen using the process of photosynthesis. Lack of rain will be a major concern. If there is no rain, there will be no forests. Forests act as giant air filters in the world. They also prevent soil erosion. They break the force of wind and rain on soil helping their roots bind the soil. The decayed, leaves absorbed by the earth enrich the soil.

Question 2.
Think of a situation where all the trees can speak. What will they talk about?
Answer:
If trees talk they will complain to one another about their bitter enemy, man. They will express regret about the countless murders of their friends and relatives. They may even feel angry against the abuse they are faced with every day and the fear they have to survive each day due to road development projects and modem lifestyle. They will discuss mockingly, mankind’s thoughtlessness in cutting them down for more and more houses. I think they will express their sadness. They will also express their anger and their disappointment.

The trees will surely discuss about their forgiving friends and relatives and their sacrificial nature. Trees will cry and express grief when they see their fellow friends being cut down. Surely, they will weep. Perhaps that is what happens during autumn. Perhaps when the trees shed their leaves, they are weeping for all that they have lost during illegal felling and plundering.

They will discuss with one another how people are destroyers at heart. If trees speak, if they move, they will riot and campaign against the atrocities done to them. Broken shrieks of despair and fury will erupt from their throats. They will say that they inhabited the land even before the first man was created. They will create an awareness about the pride and greed which blind human-beings.

They will express and regret about the green monsters dwelling in a man’s brain, demanding for more, more, more. Despite all that a human does the trees will express compassion. Trees speak about their warmth and how they give us shade when human beings feel the heat and weary.

Let us laugh together:

1. How do trees access the internet?
They simply login.

2. What will the tree do, if the banks are closed?
It will start its own branch.

3. What type of tree fits in your hand?
A palm tree.

On Killing a Tree by Gieve Patel About The Poet:

Dr. Gieve Patel is one of the prominent Indian poets. His famous works include Evening, Forensic Medicine, and From Bombay Central. He has also penned three plays. He belongs to the group of writers who have subscribed themselves to the ‘Green Movement’ involving in an effort to protect the environment. His poems address deep concerns for nature and expose man’s cruelty to it. He has been conducting a poetry workshop in Rishi Valley School for more than a decade. This poem is taken from his poetry collection ‘Poems’ published in 1966.

On Killing a Tree Summary:

The poet observes how much time is required to kill a tree. A simple cut with a knife cannot kill a huge tree. A tree has roots deep down the earth, absorbing nutrients and using the sunlight, water and air around for years, sprouting out leaves from it’s disfigured bark. Although the tree is hacked and chopped, it isn’t enough for killing a tree. The tree can withstand the pain. These injuries will heal and once again the new green twig will rise from the ground which will grow to bigger branches.

If this growth is unchecked, the tree will regain its original size. So in order to kill a tree, the roots which are anchored inside the ground has to be pulled out. To pull out the roots, it has to be roped and forced out of the earth with all the might. This leads to the exposure of the most sensitive region of the tree, which had been hidden and supporting the tree since its birth. Then when the roots are exposed to sunlight and air, it dies slowly by browning, hardening, twisting and withering. Only then the tree is said to have perished.

On Killing a Tree Glossary:

Textual:
crust – the brown, hard outer portion or surface
jab – to poke, or thrust abruptly or sharply with a short, quick blow
hide – the strong thick outer skin
leprous – covered with scales
miniature – very small

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 4 Matter

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Matter Text Book Exercises

I. Choose the best answer

(a) Atoms
(b) Molecules
(c) Ions
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

8th Science Matter Around Us Question 2.
The liquid metal used in thermometers is –
(a) Copper
(b) Mercury
(c) Silver
(d) Gold
Answer:
(b) Mercury

8th Science Matter Around Us Book Back Answers Question 3.
The Pictorial symbol for water given by the alchemists was –

Answer:

Matter Around Us Class 8 Answers Question 4.
Which one of the element name not derived from planet?
(a) Plutonium
(b) Neptunium
(c) Uranium
(d) Mercury
Answer:
(d) Mercury

8th Science Matter Around Us Question Answer Question 5.
Symbol of Mercury is –
(a) Ag
(b) Hg
(c) Au
(d) Pb
Answer:
(b) Hg

8th Science Guide Matter Around Us Question 6.
A form of non – metal which has high ductility is –
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Oxygen
(c) Chlorine
(d) Carbon
Answer:
(d) Carbon

8th Class Matter Around Us Lesson Question 7.
Which one of metal possess low tensile strength?
(a) Silver
(b) Copper
(c) Zinc
(d) Aluminium
Answer:
(c) Zinc

Matter Around Us Class 8 Questions And Answers Question 8.
The property which allows metals to be hammered into their sheets is –
(a) Ductility
(b) Malleability
(c) Conductivity
(d) Tensile strength
Answer:
(b) Malleability

Matter Around Us Lesson In 8th Class Question 9.
The non – metal which conduct current is –
(a) Carbon
(b) Oxygen
(c) Aluminium
(d) Sulphur
Answer:
(a) Carbon

Matter Around Us Class 8 Textbook Question 10
Pencil lead contains –
(a) Graphite
(b) Diamond
(c) Aluminium
(d) Sulphur
Answer:
(a) Graphite

II. Fill in the blanks

1. The element which possess character of both metals and non – metals are called ……………..
2. The symbol of Tungsten ……………..
3. Melting point of most metal is …………….. than non – metal.
4. Water contains …………….. and …………….. element.
5. …………….. is the used in semiconductor industry.

Answer:

1. Metalloids
2. W
3. Higher
4. Hydrogen, oxygen
5. Silicon / Germanium

III. True or False, if false correct the statement

Matter Around Us Class 8 Pdf Question 1.
Metals are generally good conductors of electricity, but not good conductors of heat.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Metals are generally good conductors of heat and electricity.

Matter Around Us Class 8 Pdf Download Question 2.
Gallium metal is in solid state at or just above room temperature.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Gallium (Ga) become liquid at or just above room temperature.

Matter Around Us Class 8 Textbook Pdf Question 3.
Compounds can be made up of one atom.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
A compound is formed due to the chemical combination of two or more elements.

Matter Around Us Class 8 Samacheer Question 4.
Coal can be drawn into wires.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Coal cannot be drawn into wires, because they are non- metals since non – metals are brittle and non – ductile. So, they cannot be drawn into wires.

Matter Around Us Class 8 Samacheer Kalvi Question 5.
Zinc is highly ductile in nature.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Zinc is neither ductile nor malleable at room temperature.

IV. Match the substance given in column A with their use given in Column B

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solution Question 1.

A		B
1.	Iron	(A)	For making wires
2.	Copper	(B)	Sewing needle
3.	Tungsten	(C)	As a fuel for ignition in rocket.
4.	Boron	(D)	Making the filament of a bulb

Answer:

1. B
2. A
3. D
4. C

Kalvi Guru 8th Science Question 2.

1.	Atom	(A)	building block of matter
2.	Element	(B)	atoms of different kinds
3.	Compound	(C)	atoms of the same kind
4.	Molecule	(D)	smallest unit of a substance

(a) 1 – A, 2 – C, 3 – B, 4 – D
(b) 1 – C,2 – A, 3 – B, 4 – D
(c) 1 – D, 2 – C, 3 – B, 4 – A
(d) 1 – B, 2 – C, 3 – A, 4 – D
Answer:

1. A
2. C
3. B
4. D

8th Science Matter Around Us Guide Question 3.
Identify the state of matter based on the arrangement of the molecules.

(a) A – gas, B – solid, C – liquid
(b) A – Liquid, B – solid, C – Gas
(c) A – gas, B – solid, C – liquid
(d) A – Liquid, B – Gas, C – Solid
Answer:
(a) A – gas, B – solid, C – liquid

V. Very Short Answer Questions

Matter Around Us 8th Class Question 1.
What is ductility?
Answer:
Metals can be drawn into thin wires. This property of metals is called ductility.
Example : Copper wires.

Matter Around Us Class 8 Answer Key Question 2.
Write the constituent elements and their symbols for the following compounds

1. Carbon monoxide
2. Washing soda

Answer:

Compound	Symbols	Constituent elements
Carbon monoxide	(CO)	Carbon and oxygen
Washing soda	(Na2CO3)	Sodium, carbon and oxygen

8th Standard Matter Around Us Question Answer Question 3.
Write the symbols for these elements

1. Oxygen
2. Gold
3. Calcium
4. Cadmium
5. Iron

Answer:

S.No	Element	Symbols
(i)	Oxygen	O
(ii)	Gold	Au
(iii)	Calcium	Ca
(iv)	Cadmium	Cd
(v)	Iron	Fe

Question 4.
Name two soft metals that can be cut with a knife.
Answer:
Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) are soft metals those metals can be cut with a knife.

Question 5.
Which non – metal is essential for our life and all living beings inhale it during breathing?
Answer:
Oxygen is essential for our life and all living beings inhale it during breathing.

Question 6.
Why are bells made of metals?
Answer:
On being hit, metals produce a typical sound. They are said to be sonorous. This property is being made used in making bells.

Question 7.
What does a chemical symbol represent?
Answer:
A chemical symbol is a shorthand method of representing an element.

Symbol of an element signifies:

1. Name of the element.
2. One atom of the element for example,
3. The symbol O stands for the element of oxygen.
4. One atom of oxygen.

Question 8.
Give two examples for metalloids.
Answer:
Boron and silicon.

Question 9.
Mention any three compounds that exist in liquid state.
Answer:

1. Water
2. Hydro chloric Acid
3. Nitric Acid

Question 10.
Write three properties of metalloids.
Answer:
Properties of metalloids:
Metalloids are all solid at room temperature.

1. They can form alloys with other metals
2. Some metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, can act as electrical conductors under the specific conditions, thus they are called semiconductors.
3. Silicon for example appears lustrous, but is not malleable nor ductile (it is brittle – a characteristic of some non – metals). It is a much poorer conductor of heat and electricity than the metals

VI. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Can you store pickle in an aluminium utensil? Explain.
Answer:
No, we cannot store the lemon pickle in aluminium utensil because aluminium is a metal and lemon is acidic. The acids react with metals to give hydrogen which would spoil the food and makes it unfit to use.

Question 2.
Tabulate four points of difference between metals and non – metals.
Answer:

Property	Metal	Non – metal
Physical state at room temperature	Usually solid	Solid, liquid or gas.
Malleability	Good	Poor – usually soft or brittle.
Ductility	Good	Poor – usually soft or brittle.
Boiling point	Usually high	Usually low

Question 3.
Define tensile strength.
Answer:
Metals have the capacity to withstand strain without breaking. This property is called tensile strength. It is the property that owes the use of iron for the construction of railway tracks.

Question 4.
Why are utensils made up of aluminium and brass?
Answer:

1. The cooking utensils are made up of aluminium and brass because they are good conductors of heat.
2. Aluminium will form a layer of protective oxide that prevents further reaction. Also aluminium is also relatively cheap and that is why it is used widely in making utensils.

Question 5.
Define a Alchemy.
Answer:
Alchemy was form of chemistry studied in the middle age, which was concerned with trying to discover ways to change ordinary metals into gold.

Question 6.
Name the elements for following symbols.

1. Na
2. W
3. Ba
4. Al
5. U

Answer:

1. Na – Sodium
2. W – Tungsten
3. Ba – Barium
4. Al – Aluminium
5. U – Uranium.

Question 7.
Name six common non – metals and write their symbols.
Answer:

S.No	Non – metals	Symbols
1.	Sulphur	S
2.	Carbon	c
3.	Oxygen	0
4.	Hydrogen	H
5.	Helium	He
6.	Nitrogen	N

Question 8.
Answer:
Mention any four compounds and their uses.
Answer:
Compounds and their uses:

Common Name	Chemical Name	Constituents	Uses
Water	Hydrogen Oxide	Hydrogen and oxygen	For drinking and as solvent
Table salt	Sodium chloride	Sodium and chlorine	Essential component of our daily diet, preservative for meat and fish.
Sugar	Sucrose	Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen	Preparation of sweets, toffees and fruit juices.
Baking soda	Sodium bicarbonate	Sodium, hydrogen, carbon and oxygen	Fire extinguisher, preparation of baking powder and preparation of cakes and bread.

Question 9.
Mention the metals that are used in jewellery.
Answer:
Silver and gold are used for making jewels and in decorative purposes

Question 10.
Mention the uses for the following compounds.

1. Baking soda
2. Bleaching powder
3. Quick lime

Answer:

S.No	Compounds	Uses
(i)	Baking soda	Fire extinguisher, preparation of baking powder and preparation of cakes and bread.
(ii)	Bleaching powder	As bleaching agent, disinfectant and sterilisation of drinking water.
(iii)	Quick lime	Manufacture of cement and glass.

VII. Reason out

Question 1.
Give reasons for the following.

1. Aluminum foils are used to wrap food items.
2. Immersion rods for heating liquids are made up of metallic substances.
3. A doctor prescribed a tablet to a patient suffering from iron deficiency. The tablet does not look like iron.
4. Sodium and potassium are stored in kerosene.
5. Mercury is used in thermometers.

Answer:

1. Aluminium is malleable, soft and does not react with food items, so it is used to wrap food items.
2. Metals are good conductor of heat and electricity, so immersion rods are made up of metallic substances.
3. It doesn’t look like iron, iron tablets does not contains iron metal, rather it contains iron salts like ferrous sulphate, ferrous citrate etc.
4. Sodium and potassium are very reactive, they react with air and water, so they are stored in kerosene.
5. Mercury is used in thermometers and barometers because of its high density and uniform expansion at different temperature.

Question 2.
Why wires cannot be drawn from materials such as stone or wood?
Answer:
Wires cannot be drawn from materials such as stone or wood, is because these materials are non – conductors of electricity.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Matter Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
The most reactive metal is ……………..
(a) Iron
(b) Gold
(c) Zinc
(d) Potassium
Answer:
(d) potassium

Question 2.
The liquid metal at room temperature ……………..
(a) Mercury
(b) Bromine
(c) Sodium
(d) Gold
Answer:
(a) Mercury

Question 3.
Non – metals are ……………….
(a) Generally liquids
(b) Generally gases
(c) Generally solids and gases
(d) Generally gases and liquids
Answer:
(c) Generally solids and gases

Question 4.
The metal which is stored in kerosene
(a) phosphorous
(b) Magnesium
(c) Sodium
(d) Gold
Answer:
(c) sodium

Question 5.
The non – metal which is liquid at room temperature is
(a) Carbon
(b) Iodine
(c) Bromine
(d) Chlorine
Answer:
(c) Bromine

Question 6.
The metal which can be cut with a knife
(a) Sodium and potassium
(b) Barium and calcium
(c) Sodium and mercury
(d) Potassium and calcium
Answer:
(a) sodium and potassium

Question 7.
Which of the following is false for gases?
(a) They diffuse easily
(b) They have mass
(c) They do not mix well
(d) They are highly compressible
Answer:
(c) They do not mix well

II. Fill in the Blanks

1. Atom or group of atoms having a charge are called ………………
2. In chemistry each element is denoted by a ………………
3. Metals and non – metals are used for making ……………., …………… and ……………..
4. ……………. is so hard that it can scratch glass.
5. The typical shine of metals is called …………….
6. Metals are ……………. conductors of heat and electricity.
7. Metalloids are ……………. at room temperature.
8. A molecule of water is composed of an oxygen atom and ……………..
9. Compounds obtained from non – living sources are called …………….
10. All gases are …………….

Answer:

1. Ions
2. Symbol
3. Tools, machines, cars
4. Osmium
5. Metallic lustre
6. Good
7. Solid
8. Two hydrogen atoms
9. Inorganic compounds
10. Non – metals

III. True or False – if false give the correct statement

Question 1.
Sodium is a hard metal.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Sodium is a soft metal, it can be cut with a knife.

Question 2.
Silver and copper are very good conductors of electricity.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
Metals have high melting points.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
Antimony has the highest tensile strength.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Tungsten has the highest tensile strength.

Question 5.
The other name of potassium hydroxide is caustic potash.
Answer:
True.

IV. Match the following

Question 1.

i	Softest metal	(a)	Copper
ii	Hardest metal	(b)	Sodium
iii	Hardest non – metal	(c)	Osmium
iv	Ductility	(d)	Diamond

Answer:

i. b
ii. c
iii. d
iv. a

Question 2.

i	Silica	(a)	Caustic potash
ii	Potassium hydroxide	(b)	Sand
iii	Sodium hydroxide	(c)	Calamine
iv	Zinc carbonate	(d)	Caustic soda

Answer:

i. b
ii. a
iii. d
iv. c

V. Very short Answers

Question 1.
Which metal has the highest ductility?
Answer:
The most ductile metals is platinum.

Question 2.
Why do metals appear shiny?
Answer:
All metals are shiny. The typical shine of metals is called metallic lustre. All metals have typical metallic lustre. An exception is calcium.

Question 3.
Which metals are not solid at room temperature?
Answer:
Metals are solid under normal conditions of temperature and pressure. Mercury is liquid at room temperature.

Question 4.
Which metals are liquid at room temperature?
Answer:
Elements Cesium (Cs), Rubidium (Rb), Francium (Fr) and Gallium (Ga) become liquid at or just above room temperature.

Question 5.
State different states of matter with an example.
Answer:
Matter has three different states.

Question 6.
Why are metalloids called semimetals?
Answer:
Some elements neither fit with the metals or with non – metals. Such elements are called semi – metals. They exhibit the properties of metals as well as non – metals.

Question 7.
Name the two elements which are derived from the country.
Answer:
(i) Name : Americum
Symbol : Am
Country : America

(ii) Name : Europium
Symbol : Eu
Country : Europe

VII. Short Answer

Question 1.
Differentiate inorganic compounds and organic compounds.
Answer:
Inorganic compounds:
Compounds obtained from non – living sources such as rock, minerals etc.
Example:
Chalk, baking powder etc.

Organic compounds:
Compounds obtained from living sources such as plants and animals.
Example:
Protein, carbohydrates etc.

Question 2.
What is the significance of the symbol of an element? Ans. Symbol of an element signifies .

1. Name of the element.
2. One atom of the element.

Example : The symbol O stands for the element of oxygen. One atom of oxygen.

Question 3.
Tabulate the some important compounds that exist in gaseous state.
Answer:

Compound	Constituent elements
Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide	Carbon, Oxygen
Sulphur dioxide	Sulphur, Oxygen
Methane	Carbon, Hydrogen
Nitrogen dioxide	Nitrogen, Oxygen
Ammonia	Nitrogen, Hydrogen

Question 4.
Answer:
The vapour had purple colour, so the element was given the name after the Greek iodides, which means violet.

Name : Iodine
Symbol : I
Name derived from : Violet (colour, Greek)

Question 5
Answer:
Write a note on Greem symbols.
Answer:
The symbols in form of the geometrical shapes were those used by the ancient Greeks to represent the four basic elements around us such as earth, air, fire and water.

Question 6.
Answer:
Compare the conductivity of metals and non – metals.
Metals:

1. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
2. Silver and copper are very good conductor of electricity. However bismuth and tungsten are poor conductors.

Non – metals:

1. Non – metals are bad conductor of electricity.
2. Graphite (a form of carbon) is exception.

VIII. Long Answer

Question 1.
Write the physical properties of non – metals.
Answer:
Physical p roperties of non – metals:

1. Physical state:
Non – metals occur as solids, liquids or gases at normal temperature; for example sulphur, phosphorus occurs in solid state while bromine occurs in liquid state. Gases like oxygen, nitrogen, etc., occur in the gaseous state.

2. Hardness:
Non – metals are generally not hard except diamond, (a form of carbon)

3. Lustre:
Non – metals have a dull appearance; Graphite and iodine are exceptions as they are shiny and lustrous.

4. Density:
Non – Metals are generally soft and have low densities. The exception here is diamond (a form of carbon) which’is the hardest naturally occurring substance

5. Melting point and boiling point:
Non – metals have low melting point and boiling point. However, carbon, silicon and boron are exceptions.

6. Tensile strength:
Non – metals do not have tensile strength. However, carbon fibre (a form of carbon) is as tensile as steel.

7. Malleability:
Non – metals are non-malleable. If hammered, they form a powdery mass. Actually non – metals in solid state are brittle in nature.

8. Ductility:
Non – metals are not ductile. Carbon fibre is highly ductile.

9. Conductivity:
Non – Metals are generally bad conductor of electricity. Graphite (a form of carbon) is exception.

10. Sonorous:
Non – metals do not produce sound (non – sonorous) when hit.

Question 2.
Write the uses of metals.
Answer:
Metal:

1. Iron, is used for making bridges, engine parts, iron – sheet and bars.
2. Copper is used for making electrical wires, coins and statue.
3. Silver and gold are used for making jewels, in decorative purposes and photography.
4. Mercury is used in thermometers and barometers because of its high density and uniform expansion at different temperature.
5. Aluminium is used in electrical wires, cables and in aerospace industries.
6. Lead is used in automobile batteries, X – ray machines.

Question 3.
Write the uses of non – metals.
Answer:

1. Diamond (a form of carbon) is used for making jewels, cutting and grinding equipments. Graphite is used in making pencil lead.
2. Sulphur is used in the manufacturing of gun powder and vulcanization of rubber.
3. Phosphorus is used in matches, rat poison etc.
4. Nitrogen is used for manufacturing ammonia.
5. Chlorine is used as a bleaching agent and in sterilizing water.
6. Hydrogen is used as a rocket fuel and hydrogen flame is used for cutting and welding purposes, as well as a reducing agent.

Question 4.
Write a note on classification of compounds.
Answer:
Classsification compound:
Based on the origin of chemical constituents, compounds are classified as inorganic compounds and organic compounds.

1. Inorganic compounds:
Compounds obtained from non – living sources such as rock, minerals etc., are called inorganic compounds. Example: chalk, baking powder etc.

2. Organic compounds:
Compounds obtained from living sources such as plants, animals etc., are called organic compound. Example: Protein, carbohydrates, etc.

Both inorganic and organic compounds exists in all three states of matter ie., solids, liquids and gases.

IX. Cross word puzzle

In this crossword puzzle, names of 10 elements are hidden. Symbols of these are given below. Complete the puzzle.
Answer:

Across and down:

1. Cl
2. H
3. Fe
4. Ag
5. Ar
6. As
7. Br
8. Mn
9. Al
10. Ca
11. S
12. CO

X. Reason out

Question 1.
Sand is also known as silica.
Answer:
Reason : High purity sand almost entirely composed of silica.

Question 2.
Sulphur is used in vulcanization of rubber.
Answer:
Reason : Vulcanization of rubber is a process of improvement of the rubber elasticity and strength by heating it in the presence of sulphur.

Question 3.
Elements are called semi – metals.
Reason : Some elements neither fit with the metals nor with non – metals.

Question 4.
Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature.
Answer:
Reason : Mercury has a low melting point, and it is a poor electrical and thermal conductor.

XI. Creative questions : HOTS

Question 1.
Which letter is never used in any element symbol?
Answer:
The letter “J” is the only one not found on the periodic table. In some countries (eg: Norway, Poland, Sweden. Serbia, Croatia), the element iodine is known by the name jod.

Question 2.
What is the rarest natural element in the earth?
Answer:
Astatine is the rarest element on earth. Astatine is a naturally occurring semi – metal that results from the decay of uranium and thorium.

Question 3.
Explain why?
Answer:

1. A gas fill a vessel completely?
2. Camphor disappears without leaving any residue.

Answer:

1. Because the molecules of the gas moves freely so it occupies the whole space the vessel.
2. Camphor disappears after sometimes as its surface gains kinetic energy and gets directly converted into gas. The process of getting converted directly into gas without getting converted into liquid is called sublimation.

Students can Download English Poem 2 A Thing of Beauty Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Term 2 Poem Chapter 2 A Thing of Beauty

Explanation of Poetic Lines

Line Nos.	Poem Lines	Explanation
1-3	A thing of beauty is a joy forever Its loveliness increases, it will never Pass into nothingness;	The poet says that beauty stays forever. It never fades away. Rather, it increases with the passing time.
3-5	but will keep A bower quiet for us, and a sleep Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing	Beauty is like a beautiful shady tree under whose shade all the creatures can sleep peacefully and enjoy good health.
6 & 7	Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing A flowery band to bind us to the earth,	Everyday, it is the beauty which fills us with the spirit to live. The beauty builds the desire in us to live and bind us to the earth.
8 & 9	Some shape of beauty moves away the pall From our dark spirits.	The beauty which is created by God, helps us to remove the sadness from our hearts.
9-11	Such the sun, the moon, Trees old, and young, sprouting a shady boon For simple sheep;	The beautiful things such as the sun, the moon, old and young trees are like a blessing bestowed on all the creatures by the earth. They provide us with shade and coolness. They are a boon to us.
11-14	and such are daffodils With the green world they live in : and clear rills That for themselves a cooling covert make Giants the hot season;	Daffodils are also beautiful with their green world. The clear stream cools the long hot summer.
14-17	the mid forest brake, Rich with a sprinkling of fair musk – rose blooms; An endless fountain of immortal drink; Pouring unto us from the heavens brink	The poet further carries on with the description of the more beautiful things present on the earth such as the beautiful musk roses with a nice fragrance. These things are the gifts from God for all of us. They are like nectar given by God to us. These are the beauties which are immortal and give us a reason to live on this earth despite having so many sorrows in our life.

Read and Understand

B. Choose the correct answers.

A Thing Of Beauty Summary Class 8 Question 1.
According to the poet, a thing of beauty is _______
(a) a joy forever
(b) a pain forever
(c) a suffering forever
(d) neglected
Answer:
(a) a joy forever

A Thing Of Beauty Poem 8th Standard Question 2.
Beautiful things never “pass into nothingness ” means that they _______
(a) never increases
(b) create unpleasantness between friends
(c) never fade away
(d) always bring unhappiness
Answer:
(c) never fade away

8th English Poem A Thing Of Beauty Question 3.
“Will keep a bower quiet for us” means _______
(a) Will give us peace and calm
(b) will stop unpleasant sound
(c) make our beds fit to sleep
(d) reduces noise
Answer:
(a) Will give us peace and calm

A Thing Of Beauty Book Back Answers Question 4.
Of all the unhealthy means _______
(a) Pain
(b) neglect
(c) suffering
(d) ill-health
Answer:
(c) suffering

A Thing Of Beauty 8th Poem Question 5.
The sun, moon, trees, old and young are the things that _______
(a) Depress us
(b) remove the pall of gloom from our lives
(c) makes us laugh
(d) gives us oxygen
Answer:
(b) remove the pall of gloom from our lives

C. Answer the following.

8th Poem A Thing Of Beauty Question 1.
How is a thing of beauty joy forever?
Answer:
A thing of beauty is a joy forever because it is a source of endless joy and its eternal beauty never fades away.

A Thing Of Beauty Poem 8th Class Question 2.
Why do we suffer?
Answer:
Over attachments to the earthly things are like a trap which bind us to the materialistic things and keep us away from eternal happiness. So we suffer.

A Thing Of Beauty Poem Class 8 Question 3.
According to the poet, mention the evil things we possess?
Answer:
The evil things we possess are hatred, greed, and negativity.

A Thing Of Beauty Samacheer Kalvi Question 4.
Identify the figure of speech in the following lines :
A bower quiet for us, and a sleep
Answer:
Metaphor : bower quiet
The calmness of a bower is compared to the calming effect of a beautiful thing.

Of noble natures, of the gloomy days
Answer:
1. Alliteration : Noble – Natures.
2. Anaphora: The use of the same word ‘of’ in two consecutive lines.

That for themselves a cooling covert make
Answer:
Alliteration: That – themselves; cooling – covert.

A Thing of Beauty Additional Questions

I. Poem Comprehension and poetic Devices.

1. A thing of beauty is a joy forever
Its loveliness increases, it will never
Pass into nothingness;

A Thing Of Beauty Summary Question a.
What is a joy forever?
Answer:
A thing of beauty is a joy forever.

A Thing Of Beauty Question Answer Question b.
What are its qualities?
Answer:
Its loveliness increases and it never fades away.

2. Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing
A flowery band to bind us to the earth,

A Thing Of Beauty Summary In Tamil Question a.
What are we wreathing everyday?
Answer:
We are wreathing a flowering band everyday.

A Thing Of Beauty Questions And Answers Question b.
Why do we wreath a flowery band?
Answer:
We wreathe it to bind us to the earth.

3. An endless fountain of immortal drink,
Pouring unto us from the heaven’s brink

A Thing Of Beauty Poem In Tamil Question a.
What is the immortal drink?
Answer:
All the beautiful things are like nectar which is immortal.

A Thing Of Beauty Solutions Question b.
From where does the immortal drink pour?
Answer:
It pours on us from heaven.

8th Standard Beauty Question Answer Question c.
identify the figure,pf speech.
Answer:
Metaphor; Immortal drink.

4. Full of sweet dreams and health, and quiet breathing
Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing

Pick out the rhyming words.
Answer:
Breathing – Wreathing are the rhyming words.

5. A thing of beauty is a joy forever
Its loveliness increases, it will never
Pass into nothingness, but will keep
A bower quiet for us, and a sleep.

What is the rhyming scheme of these lines.
Answer:
The rhyming scheme is “aabb”.

6. A flowery band to bind us to the earth,

What is the literary device used here?
Answer:
‘Imagery’ is used here as the poet makes us to visualize that a flowery band binding us to the earth.

7. For simple sheep; and such are daffodils

Which are the words alliterated here?
Answer:
simple – sheep – such are the alliterated words.

II. Short Questions and Answers.

A Thing Of Beauty Poem Question Answers Question 1.
What is a bower?
Answer:
A hower is a pleasant shady place under trees or climbing plants.

A Thing Of Beauty Poem Question 2.
List the things of beauty mentioned in the poem.
Answer:
The Sim, the moon, shady trees, daffodil flowers, streams of water, dense green forest are things of beauty mentioned here.

Question 3.
What does the flowing streams do to us?
Answer:
The flowing streams of water cool and refresh us in the hot summer.

Question 4.
How are the beautiful things?
Answer:
They are like a fountain of immortality bestowed upon us by God.

Question 5.
What is a ‘rill’?
Answer:
A rill is a small clear stream.

IV. Paragraph Questions with Answers.

Question 1.
What is the central idea of the poem‘A thing of beauty’?
Answer:
Beauty is a heavenly tonic or drink. It is an endless fountain of nectar. This beauty comes in different forms like a tale, a poem, a play, a lovely object of nature or the heavenly bodies. It soothes our. spirits and gives us good health, sound sleep and mental peace. It removes sadness from our lives and gives an everlasting joy. So beauty is a gift of God to all of us.

Question 2.
Do the things of beauty’ make a lasting impression on us?
Answer:
We feel happy by coming into contact with things of beauty. They make a lasting impression on us. Keats makes it clear at the outset. A thing of beauty is a joy forever. It is a constant source of joy and pleasure. Its beauty never declines or diminishes. Its loveliness goes on increasing every moment. Its value remains undiminished. It never passes into nothingness. It removes the pall of sadness that covers our dark spirits.

A Thing of Beauty Summary

The poet says that a beautiful thing is a source of endless joy. It has eternal beauty which never fades away. A beautiful thing is like a shady shelter which gives us a sleep full of sweet dreams, good health and relaxation.

Our attachments to the Earthly things are like a flowery wreath. They are traps which bind us to the materialistic things and keep us away from eternal happiness. The Earth is full of hatred, greed and negativity. According to the poet, the gloom and sadness caused by this negativity fade away with the positive vibes of the beautiful things that surround us.

The poet lists out some of the beautiful things that surround us. As the saying goes – “lies in the eyes of the beholder” says that the numerous creations of God, like the sun, which gives us energy, the moon’s beauty, the trees which give us shade are the natural beauties around us. The various animals,like the sheep that surround us make our world lively. The pretty flowers like daffodils make the world green and lively.

The following streams of water cool and refresh us in the hot summer season. The forests which are full of the pretty musk rose flowers are a beautiful sight to the eye. All these are the things of beauty. Also, the stories of the brave soldiers who laid their lives to protect their people are beautiful and inspiring. These beautiful things are like a fountain of immortality bestowed upon us by God. They inspire us to live on and maintain our faith in goodness.

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Zigzag Textual Questions

A. Identify the speaker/character.

1. ‘Even though I clearly said no!’
Answer:
Dr. Krishnan

2. ‘The one that spits deadly poison straight into its opponent’s eyes’
Answer:
Maya

3. ‘Remember the. tiny penknife the gave me last year’.
Answer:
Maya

4. ‘It’s Somu’s thoughtless ways that reduce me to tears’.
Answer:
Mrs. Krishnan

5. ‘Gome in, Zigzag, come in dear!’
Answer:
Visu, the old cook

Additional Questions

Zigzag Supplementary Summary Question 1.
‘Find Visu! I will not keep Zigzag here another minute!’
Answer:
Dr. Ashok T Krishnan

10th Zigzag Supplementary Paragraph Question 2.
‘Don’t you dare sleep!’
Answer:
Dr. Krishnan

Zigzag Supplementary Summary In English Question 3.
‘May I take Zigzag to school, Papa?’
Answer:
Arvind

Zigzag Paragraph Question 4.
We’ve been truly blessed!
Answer:
Lakshmi

Zigzag Supplementary Paragraph Question 5.
Just wait till Zigzag settles down in this new home.
Answer:
Visu

Zigzag Summary Question 6.
‘And what about the aboriginal boomerang?
Answer:
Arvind

10th English Zigzag Paragraph Question 7.
Then you can have a great time listening to him.
Answer:
Visu

Zig Zag 10th Supplementary Question 8.
It’s raining papayas and bananas in this room!’
Answer:
Lakshmi

Zigzag 10th Supplementary Question 9.
‘But Zigzag is different. Somu says we are sure to love Zigzag.’
Answer:
Dr. Krishnan

Zigzag Questions And Answers Question 10.
Most of these so called “favourite” possessions that he has given us were absolute nuisances!’
Answer:
Mrs. Krishnan

Zigzag Supplementary Characters Question 11.
‘Remember the rare insect-eating plant he brought back from the rainforest!
Answer:
Mrs. Krishnan

Zig Zag Supplementary Question 12.
I thought it was scientific fact that birds couldn’t snore.’
Answer:
Maya

Zig Zag Summary Question 13.
That wretched plant requires a room heater to keep it alive.
Answer:
Mrs. Krishnan

Zigzag Short Summary Question 14.
‘Ma! Uncle Somu’s given us some really fabulous gifts.’
Answer:
Arvind

B. Read the story again and write how these characters reacted in these situations:

1. You’re both quite mistaken.
Answer:
Dr. Krishnan hastened to explain.
Mrs. Krishnan was horrified on hearing about Zigzag.

2. It’s Somu’s thoughtless ways that reduce me to tears.
Answer:
Mrs. Krishnan spoke irritably.
Dr. Krishnan was hurrying to his clinic.

3. Just wait till zigzag settles down in this new home.
Answer:
Visu comforted everyone.
Arvind and Maya excited to listen to the bird’s talk.

4. Zigzag hardly never sleeps.
Answer:
Somu sent an e-mail to Dr.Krishnan about Zigzag.
Dr.Krishnan predicted it as ridiculously simple.

5. You are an absolute treasure……….
Answer:
Dr.Krishnan sighed and spoke to Zigzag
Zigzag didn’t bother to reply.

C. Complete the given tabular column.

Answers:

1. liking the new nuisance.
2. painting exhibition to be held the next week.
3. dropped one wizened eyelid in another solemn wink as he sank his beak into a plump guava.
4. it rained papayas and bananas.
5. ask him to find out what they should do.
6. predicted the reply to be ridiculously simple.
7. I have never heard Zigzag snore.
8. not accustomed to being kept waiting and was already making his way to the clinic where he perched himself on the nurse’s reception table.
9. realised what an absolute treasure he was!

D. Answer the following question in one or two sentences:

Zigzag Supplementary Theme Question 1.
Why did Dr. Asholds cousin call him?
Answer:
Dr. Ashok Krishnans cousin Somu called him to shelter Zigzag, his pet bird, when he left for Alaska.

Zigzag 10th Supplementary In Tamil Question 2.
Mention at least two expressions which show that Mrs. Krishnan was not willing to have Zigzag at home?
Answer:
The following two expressions show that Mrs. Krishnan was not willing to have Zigzag at home.
(i) “I am going crazy with the sound of Zigzag snoring, plus all these angry telephone calls.”
(ii) “And my beautiful painting…”

Zigzag Lesson In 10th Class Question 3.
What other various pets did Somu have?
Answer:
Somu had a giant green and gold fighting beetle and an African snake.

10th English Unit 2 Supplementary Question 4.
What was Mrs. Krishnan busy with?
Answer:
Mrs. Krishnan was busy with her paintings to be displayed for sale the following week.

10th Zigzag Supplementary Question 5.
What commotion did the boomerang cause in the neighborhood?
Answer:
Boomerang sliced through all the TV aerials in the neighborhood. It caused permanent damage to several cars in the parking lot. It also knocked out their watchman cold with the force thrown by Arvind.

Zigzag Lesson Summary Question 6.
What happened when Somu left Zigzag with the Krishnan’s?
Answer:
Zigzag transferred all the walnuts and the fruits to the Chandelier and on the blades of the ceiling fan. Then it perched on the curtain rod, went off to sleep.

Zigzag Supplementary Story In English Question 7.
How did Zigzag communicate with the Krishnan’s?
Answer:
Zigzag did not communicate with the Krishnan’s although everyone tried several times and in several languages to speak to him, he only slept and snored.

Zigzag Lesson Question 8.
What was the e-mail message sent to Somu by Dr.Krishnan?
Answer:
Krishnan sent an e-mail to Somu, asking for instructions on how to stop Zigzag from snoring.

Moral Of The Story Zigzag Question 9.
What did Aravind confess?
Answer:
Arvind confessed that for the first time in his life, he was actually looking forward to go to school. The school was as calm as a monastery compared to their house.

Question 10.
Why did Mrs. Jhunjhunwalla buy the painting?
Answer:
Mrs. Jhunjhunwalla bought the painting because she liked the new technique of painting.

E. Answer the following questions in about 100 -150 words:

Question 1.
Write in your own words the various commotions caused by Zigzag at Dr. Krishnan’s residence.
Answer:
When Visu, the old cook of Dr. Somu brought Zigzag to Dr. Krishnan’s house, all were surprised to see such a strange and a weird bird. It was a foot and a half tall. It was a multilingual talking- singing bird. It could talk and sing in twenty-one languages.

When it refused to say a word, Arvind brought some juicy fruits and nuts for the bird. It did not eat them, but transferred one ‘ by one to the chandelier and on to the blades of the ceiling fan. Then it perched on a curtain rod, it sank his beak into a plumpy guava and then went off to sleep. Then he began to snore. The snore became louder and very louder.

His snoring pounded their eardrums till their heads ached. When the fan was switched on by their maid, the painting of Mrs. Krishnan got spoilt by streaks of orange pulp spreading on it. His snoring troubled all the neighbours and they were complaining about it.

Question 2.
What was the turn of events when Zigzag was taken to the clinic?
Answer:
When Zigzag was taken into the clinic, he was asked to wait in the car by Dr. Krishnan. He warned him not to sleep and snore. But Zigzag was not accustomed to being kept waiting. So he made his way to the reception and perched himself on the nurse’s reception table.

Krishnan had hardly walked through the swinging half-door that separated his clinic from the waiting room when he heard a voice. The voice was from Zigzag. It was clear and commanding. There was pin-drop silence in the room as everyone waited, open-mouthed, for Zigzag s next sentence. Dr. Krishnan was amazed. Zigzags bored and grumpy expressions were gone. Instead, the bird ‘ looked happy and alert as it went about the job.

It had been trained for this job with the doctors. Thus Dr. Krishnan’s clinic, which was usually a noisy sea of tears and outbursts, was transformed into a calm, orderly place. He efficiently soothed the patients and naughty ones.

Question 3.
Narrate the story Zigzag in your own words.
Answer:
This story is about a multilingual weird bird, named Zigzag. Dr. Krishnan’s clinic usually sounded noisy because of the shouting and crying of children. His friend Dr. Somu requested him to shelter Zigzag, his pet as he was about to leave for Alaska.

When Zigzag was brought to his house, it did not speak to anyone. It could sing and talk in 21 different languages. But it did not speak any word to them. Instead, he transferred the fruits and nuts given to him to a Chandelier and to the blades of the ceiling fan. It perched on a curtain rod and went off to sleep. When the fan was switched on, all the fruits and nuts fell down.

The papaya slice splattered on the painting of Mrs. Krishnan and spoiled it. Mrs. Krishnan was irritated and persuaded Dr. Krishnan to send the bird away to Visu s house. So Dr. Krishnan took the bird to his clinic. There it commanded everyone in an orderly way. He brought peace, calmness and a disciplined atmosphere in the clinic. The painting which had been spoilt by Zigzag was sold out for ₹ 5,000. It was bought because the new technique in painting was liked by the buyer. Thus Mr. Krishnan’s family invited Zigzag to stay with them for another week.

Additional:

Question 1.
Describe the entry of ZigZag and his behaviour thereafter as soon as he entered the residence of Krishnan.
Answer:
Into Krishnan’s residence tottered the strangest, weirdest-looking bird, ZigZag. He was brought in by Somu’s cook, Visu. About a foot and a half tall, its bald head was fringed with a crown of shocking pink feathers while the rest of its plumage was in various shades of the muddiest and sludgiest brown. Its curved beak was sunflower-yellow and its eyes were the qolour of cola held to sunlight.

Visu introduced ZigZag as Ziggy-Zagga-king-of-the-Tonga añd that he talks very beautifully. He even added that he could recite French Poetry! In spite of all the praise showered on him, he stood cool and unmoved, with an expression of almost- human grumpiness in bis cola-coloured eyes.

Arvind, tried his best to make ZigZag speak. He dashed into the kitchen and brought a plate with juicy fruit slices and some nuts. Bored eyes brightened as Zigzag picked up a walnut. It refused to speak., dropped one wrinkled eyelid in a solemn wink and flew clumsily to deposit the nut on the enormous chandelier hanging from the ceiling. Silently and slowly, all the fruit on the plate was transferred to the chandelier and the blades of the ceiling fan. As soon as the cook Visu left, Zigzag, still perched on the curtain rod, went off to sleep.
“Zigzag is Queer and Weird.”

Additional:

A. Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order.

1. a. Their nine-year-old daughter Maya was excited about Zigzag’s arrival.
b. Mrs.Ashok was busy getting ready for the painting exhibition.
c. Zigzag is an unusual bird that speaks in 21 different languages.
d. Due to the commotion Somu mistook Ashok’s commitment to keep zigzag.
e. Dr. Ashok’s clinic usually sounded like an ancient Chinese torture chamber.
Answers:
e, d, b, a, c
e. Dr. Ashok’s clinic usually sounded like an ancient Chinese torture chamber.
d. Due to the commotion Somu mistook Ashok’s commitment to keep zigzag.
b. Mrs. Ashok was busy getting ready for the painting exhibition.
a. Their nine-year-old daughter Maya was excited about Zigzag’s arrival.
c. Zigzag is an unusual bird that speaks in 21 different languages.

2. a. Apparently, Zigzag was bred by a genuine African witch doctor.
b. But most of his possessions were absolute nuisances!
c. Isn’t that Uncle Somu’s prized giant green-and -gold fighting beetle?
d. Somu says the bird is an absolute treasure and a real help.
e. Somu had cured the witch doctor’s son last month.
Answers:
c, a, e, d, b
c. Isn’t that Uncle Somu’s prized giant green-and -gold fighting beetle?
a. Apparently, Zigzag was bred by a genuine African witch doctor,
e. Somu had cured the witch doctor’s son last month.
d. Somu says the bird is an absolute treasure and a real help.
b. But most of his possessions were absolute nuisances!

B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrases given below to form a complete meaningful paragraph.

1. (crying so loudly / for your exhibition next week / who were his patients / to ask whether /more like an)

Dr. Ashok T. Krishnan’s clinic usually sounded (i) ……………….. ancient Chinese torture chamber than a child specialist’s clinic. This was because the tiny children (ii) ……………….. left out a variety of blood-curdling yells and ear-splitting sobs. ‘It’s all because my patients were making so much noise and (iii) ……………. He rang me in the clinic (iv) …………… we could keep zigzag with us when he leaves for Alaska. I know you are busy getting your painting ready (v) ……………… .
Answers:
(i) more like an
(ii) who were his patients
(iii) crying so loudly
(iv) to ask whether
(v) for your exhibition next week

2. (went off to sleep / fell asleep,/ when Zigzag stubbornly refused / Even though they tried / perched comfortably)

Zigzag (i) …………………. on a curtain rod and dropped one wizened eyelid in another solemn wink. Visu comforted the children, noticing how disappointed they looked (ii) ……………….. to say a single word to them, (iii) …………………. speaking to him in English, Hindi, Tamil and French, Zigzag spoke no word. As soon as Visu left, Zigzag, still perched on the curtain rod, (iv) …………… And the moment he (v) ………………….., he began to SNORE!
Answers:
(i) perched comfortably
(ii) when Zigzag stubbornly refused
(iii) Even though they tried
(iv) went off to sleep
(v) fell asleep

C. Choose the correct answer.

1. Somu was leaving for ………………….. .
(a) Alaska
(b) Antarctica
(c) Africa
(d) Amazon
Answer:
(a) Alaska

2. Maya mistook Zigzag to be ………………… .
(a) snake
(b) beetle
(c) cat
(d) insect
Answer:
(b) beetle

3. Zigzag was bred by a genuine African ………………………….. .
(a) Witch doctor
(b) witch
(c) tribe
(d) Witch surgeon
Answer:
(d) Witch surgeon

4. Mrs. Krishnan applied a dab of yellow-ochre paint on Sunset at ………………………… .
(a) Bengal
(b) Kanyakumari
(c) Besant
(d) Marina
Answer:
(d) Marina

5. The rare insect-eating plant came from Amazonian ……………………………. .
(a) Rainforest
(b) Black forest
(c) White forest
(d) Jungle
Answer:
(a) Rainforest

6. That wretched plant required a ………………. to keep it alive in Chennai!
(a) water heater
(b) room heater
(c) air cooler
(d) hair conditioner
Answer:
(b) room heater

7. The aboriginal boomerang was a gift from …………………….. .
(a) Africa
(b) Amazon
(c) Australia
(d) America
Answer:
(c) Australia

8. Zigzag could speak in ……………………. different languages.
(a) twenty-four
(b) twelve
(c) seven
(d) twenty-one
Answer:
(d) twenty-one

9. When Zigzag sings, it moves the listeners to ……………………. .
(a) tears
(b) laughter
(c) sighs
(d) boredom
Answer:
(a) tears

10. Arvind wants to display Zigzag in the ………………………… exhibition.
(a) Tradefair
(b) Children’s
(c) Science
(d) Arts
Answer:
(c) Science

D. Match the following appropriately:

1.
Answer:
2.
Answer:

3.
Answer:

E. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

1. Dr. Ashok T. Krishnan’s clinic usually sounded more like an ancient Chinese torture chamber than a child specialist’s clinic. This was because the tiny children who were his patients left out a variety of blood -curdling yells and ear-splitting sobs. ‘It’s all because my patients were making so much noise and crying so loudly, ‘ he apologized to his wife one evening, ‘that Somu couldn’t hear me properly. He rang me in the clinic to ask whether we could keep zigzag with us when he leaves for Alaska. And now Somu thinks I said “yes”, even though I clearly said “no”! I know you are busy getting your painting ready for your exhibition next week. ’

(a) What was Dr.Ashok T.Krishnan’s specialisation in the medical field?
Answer:
Dr. Ashok T. Krishnan specialised in children’s health and so he was a Paediatrician or a child specialist.

(b) How did Dr. Krishnan’s clinic generally sound?
Answer:
Dr.Krishnan’s clinic generally sounded like an ancient Chinese torture chamber.

(c) Why couldn’t Somu hear the telephonic conversation with Ashok clearly?
Answer:
Somu couldn’t hear Ashok clearly over the telephone because the children in the clinic were making so much noise and crying loudly.

(d) Where was Somu going to?
Answer:
Somu was going on an official trip to Alaska.

(e) What did Ashok say was the reason to deny Somu’s request?
Answer:
Ashok said that he denied Somu’s request since he knew about his wife’s painting exhibition next week.

2. ‘Zigzag! ’ interrupted their nine-year-old daughter Maya.
Isn’t that Uncle Somu’s prized giant green-and -gold fighting beetle. The one that spits deadly poison straight into its opponent’s eye?’
‘No, no,’ corrected her older brother Arvind, eyes shining in pure delight. ‘The beetle is called Spitfire. Zigzag must be Uncle Somu’s pet snake. The African sidewinder! You know, the one that slithers zigzag all over his house!’
‘You’re both quite mistaken,’ their father hastened to explain, seeing his wife’s horrified expression. ‘Zigzag is a most harmless, unusual and lovable bird. Apparently, it was bred by a genuine African witch doctor, who gifted it to Somu when he being a child specialist like me cured the witch doctor’s son while he was touring the deepest jungles of equatorial Africa last month. Somu says the bird is an absolute treasure and a real help. It’s his favourite pet, you know’.

(а) Who is Maya?
Answer:
Maya is Dr. Krishnan’s nine year old daughter.

(b) What did Maya mistake Zigzag to be?
Answer:
Maya mistook Zigzag to be Uncle Somu’s prized giant and gold fighting beetle, Spitfire.

(c) According to Maya’s brother, who was Zigzag? Why?
Answer:
According to Maya’s brother Arvind, Zigzag was Uncle Somu’s pet snake, the African sidewinder that slithers zigzag all over his house.

(d) Why did Ashok hasten to explain to his children the mistaken identity?
Answer:
Ashok observed his wife’s horrified expression and hastened to explain to his children.

(e) Who was Zigzag according to Ashok?
Answer:
Zigzag was a harmless, unusual and lovable bird bred by a genuine African doctor who gifted it to Somu as a gift for treating his son while touring the jungles of equatorial Africa.

F. Study the given mind map and fill in the incomplete details:

Answers:
(i) picked up a walnut.
(ii) all the fruit on the plate was transferred to the chandelier.
[iii) comfortably on a curtain rod.
(iv) great time listening to him.
(v) went off to sleep and began to

Answers:
(i) but he was saved by the telephone bell.
(ii) rang up to demand some peace
(iii) Zigzag slept on unconcerned
(iv) an exhausted Mrs.Krishnan
(v) I am going crazy with the sound of Zigzag snoring

Zigzag by Asha Nehemiah About the Author:

Asha Nehemiah bom in 1958 at Chennai has lived, studied and worked in eight different cities and small towns and is now a resident of Bangalore. She has always been interested in writing. Her love for reading, led her to study Literature in college. If she had not been a writer, she would have been a teacher. Humour, fantasy mystery and adventure are the strong elements in her work. She loves baking, walking, reading and travelling.

Zigzag Summary:

Introduction:
Author Asha Nehemiah unfolds the delicate love a bird can exhibit to the astonishment of the inmates. Interesting facts about plants and animals will draw the attention of students. Let us read the family’s reaction towards the wonder bird Zigzag.

Zigzag finds new home:
Dr. Ashok T Krishnan’s family shelters Somu’s new pet, ZigZag, a queer-looking African bird, who is known for talking and singing in twenty-one different languages brought in by Visu after a telephonic conversation which wasn’t audible due to the variety of blood-curdling yells and ear-splitting sobs. Mr. Krishnan knows about Mrs. Krishnan’s painting exhibition the next week and denies the plea of Somu to shelter the pet.

An Unusual Bird:
Zigzag is the most harmless, unusual and lovable bird bred by a genuine African witch doctor, who gifted it to Somu when he, being a child specialist like Dr. Krishnan cured the witch doctor’s son, while he was touring the deepest jungles of Africa a month ago.

Mistaken conversation:
To Somu, the bird is an absolute treasure and a real help. However, Somu mistakes Krishnan to have agreed to the request. Their son Arvind and daughter Maya are keen in bringing the pet home. They both discuss about the unique gifts given by Uncle Somu such as the insect-eating plant, tiny pen knife with the genuine shark’s tooth blade, the aboriginal boomerang and so on. But this strange guest turns out to be a disappointment for the Krishnan family.

A sleeping bird:
Zigzag does nothing but sleeps and snores all the time at home that even the neighbours complain about the noise in person and over the phone. All attempts to awaken the bird goes in vain. They finally feel a big escape to leave home and stay far away from the sound of snoring. The bird at first before resorting to a steadfast sleep eats the nuts and fruits, keeps them safe in the chandelier and the fan blades.

Maid makes a mess:
The maid Lakshmi shrieks when she switches on the fan in an excited manner thinking she is blessed with papayas and bananas raining inside the room not knowing the bird’s play. Mbs. Krishnan is annoyed at the slice of overripe? papaya whizzing off the fan and splattering all over her unfinished masterpiece – sunset at Marina spreading streaks of gooey orange pulp and shiny black seeds all over it.

Six Frantic Days:
Dr. Krishnan leaves an e-mail message for Somu, asking him for clear instructions on how to stop Zigzag from snoring. Six frantic days of checking their e-mail day and night make them dumbstruck by the reply from Somu on the seventh day that the bird never sleeps nor snores. Mrs. Krishnan wants it to be sent to Visu as her friends and experts will come home and choose her paintings for the exhibition.

Dr. Krishnan takes it to clinic:
Krishnan takes Zigzag in the car and hopes to find Visu so that Zigzag’s snore doesn’t add to the din of the sobs and shrieks produced by the tiny patients waiting for him. However, Ziggy-Zagga, King-of-the- Tonga was not familiar to being kept waiting and was already making his way to the clinic where he perched himself on the nurse’s reception table. Dr. Krishnan warned Zigzag fiercely as he went towards his room.

Zigzag Speaks:
Dr. Krishnan had barely walked through the door that separated his clinic from the waiting room when he heard a strange voice say, ‘You there in the blue T-shirt, don’t jump on the sofa and you in the red dress, don’t swing on the curtain.’ It was Zigzag’s voice, clear and commanding. There was pin-drop silence in the room as everyone waited for Zigzag’s next sentence. Dr. Krishnan was amazed!

Cheerful Zigzag:
Gone was Zigzag’s bored and grumpy expression. Instead, the bird looked happy and alert as it went about the job it had been trained for, first with the African witch doctor and then with Dr.Somu. To top it all, Zigzag never slept nor snored. ZigZag was an absolute treasure and Dr. Krishnan never wanted Visu to take away ZigZag.

Mrs. Krishnan rewarded for the art:
Mrs. Krishnan too calls at the same time sounding very pleased with herself. She said that ‘Mrs. Jhunjhunwula, the art critic did not want to exhibit ‘Sunset at Marina’ since she would buy it for herself, for Rs. 5,000/- for she loved my new technique of painting! She simply adored those streaky orangey bits!

Dr. Krishnan rewards the bird:
Dr. Krishnan gave the bird a toffee from his desk as a compliment, but he just ate the toffee, paper wrapper and all, and then lowered one crinkly eyelid in a knowing wink.

Conclusion:
Zigzag attracts Rnshnan’s family after all the mess and irritating snores. It is interesting to watch the activities of a wild bird that belongs to the deepest jungles of Africa. The lesson has amazing facts about African animals and plants adding to the students delight.

Zigzag Glossary:

Textual:

Additional:

We hope the data given here will benefit you to the fullest extent at the time of preparation. For better understanding of English subject this Samacheer Kalvi 10th English Solutions for Class 10th English Supplementary Chapter 2 Zigzag PDF is the best resource. Download & ace up your preparation. Keep in touch with us and get the latest information on Tamilnadu State board Textbook Solutions PDF.

Students can Download English Lesson 2 Trip to Ooty Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 6th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf  helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 6th English Solutions Term 2 Prose Chapter 2 Trip to Ooty

Read and Understand

A. Choose the most appropriate option

Trip To Ooty 6th English 1.
Merlin was thrilled when the school arranged the trip because _______
(a) Geetha madam arranged the trip
(b) She had heard about the beautiful journey by the toy train
(c) She wanted to visit Ooty
(d) She loved to go with her friends
Answer:
(b) She had heard about the beautiful journey by the toy train

Trip To Ooty 6th English Question Answer Question 2.
The teacher asked the children to take their seat because .
(a) the children had to take their breakfast
(b) she wanted to check whether all the children were present
(c) the train was about to move
(d) the train was about to stop
Answer:
(c) the train was about to move

Trip To Ooty 6th Lesson Question 3.
Geetha madam couldn’t stop the children running out of the train because they _______
(a) wanted to relax themselves
(b) wanted to see what had happened
(c) were getting bored sitting inside the train
(d) wanted to enjoy the beauty of nature
Answer:
(b) wanted to see what had happened

Trip To Ooty 6th Lesson Summary Question 4.
The people were making all kinds of sounds because _______
(a) they wanted to move the baby elephant out of the track
(b) they were afraid
(c) they were confused
(d) someone stopped the train
Answer.
(a) they wanted to move the baby elephant out of the track

Trip To Ooty Summary Question 5.
We do not really see the landscape from a normal train because the _______
(a) train travels along the city
(b) train never passes through such places
(c) windows are closed
(d) train travels too fast
Answer:
(b) train never passes through such places

B. Recall Merlin’s memories and complete the story map.

Answer:

C Narratette The story based entire story map.
Answer:
Merlin’s class teacher arranged a trip to Ooty. Merlin was so excited, when she stepped into the toy train. The train moved with a jerk. As it moved, they saw monkeys racing along the tracks. A monkey tried to snatch a banana from a girl. She let out a scream and moved back. The train stopped suddenly because there was a baby elephant on the track. It was a memorable trip for everyone. Muthu, one of the boys, acted wisely by getting the baby elephant off the track. All were excited about this trip to Ooty.

D. Write tte story in your own words.
Answer:
Merlin writes a letter to Malli about her trip to Ooty with her friends. Their class teacher Mrs. Geetha arranged this trip. Merlin was so excited when she stepped into the toy train. The train moved slowly allowing the children to have a glimpse of,the beautiful landscape. One of the boys, Muthu wanted to walk along the side of the train. But his teacher scolded him to get back to his seat. The scene outside was beautiful with the purple blue mountains forming a lovely backdrop to the green fields and tea estates. There were monkeys racing along the tracks.

One of the monkeys tried to snatch a banana from a girl. She let out a scream and moved back. Suddenly the train stopped. Everyone got down to see what happened. There was a baby elephant sitting on the track. Everyone tried to persuade the baby off the track with the bunch of bananas. But it was no use. Muthu acted wisely with a presence of mind. He took a bunch of bananas near the baby elephant. As it moved forward to eat the bananas, Muthu moved backwards. He kept doing this, till the baby was on the side of the tracks. Everyone got into the train and the train started to move.

Merlin ended the letter saying that it was a fantastic trip. It was enchanting to hear the sound around them. The whole group was so excited about this trip.

Vocabulary

E. Complete the words by reading their meaning

1. s_e_ta_u_ar – eye catching
2. _x_i_e_ – thrilled
3. d_l_c_ _ _s – tasty
4. s _re_ _ – shout
5. f_i_h_e_ _d – afraid
Answer:
spectacular
excited
delicious
scream
frightened

F. Now, try splitting of these words into syllables.
Answer:

Wonderful	won-der-ful
Behind	Be-hind
Bananas	Ba-na-nas
Excitement	Ex-cite-ment
Snatch	Snatch (one syllable)
Windows	Win-dows
Thud	Thud (one syllable)
Everyone	Eve-ry-one

Listening

G. Listen to your teacher reading a passage on Udhagamandalam – the Queen of Hill Stations. Tick the appropriate answer.

Trip To Ooty 6th Standard English Question 1.
Udhagamandalam is located in the Western Ghats zone at an altitude of _______
(a) 2045 m
(b) 2240 m
(c) 2234 m
(d) 2040 m
Answer:
(b) 2240 m

6th Standard English Trip To Ooty Question 2.
Centuries ago Udhagamandalam was called _______
(a) Ooty
(b) Otacamund
(c) Oththai-Kal Mandu
(d) Mund
Answer:
(c) Oththai-Kal Mandu

Trip To Ooty Book Back Answers Question 3.
The maximum summer temperature of Udhagamandalam is _______
(a) 10°c
(b) 21°
(c) 5°c
(d) 20°c
Answer:
25°c

6th Standard Trip To Ooty Question 4.
Udhagamandalam was inhibited by tribals called _______
(a) Toda
(b) Irula
(c) Mund
(d) Britons
Answer:
(a) Toda

Trip To Ooty Lesson Question 5.
Ooty was the Summer Capital of the _______ during the British Rule.
(a) British
(b) Todas
(c) Tourists
(d) Madras Presidency
Answer:
(d) Madras Presidency

Speaking

H. Travelling can help a person to understand and appreciate different places. Discuss in groups and talk about the places you have visited recently. Present your experiences to the class.
Answer:
I visited Thanjavur and Madurai with the members of my family. We went to these places to have the Dharshans of Lord Siva and Goddess Meenakshi. The great Brihadeeswarar temple was in Thanjavur and Meenakshi Amman temple was in Madurai. It was such a wonderful trip, I have ever been with my family members. The Brihadeeswarar temple was so great to view with Chola King’s arts and sculptures. It is more than 1000 years old, as it was built in eleventh century. The main temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, is carved out of a single granite stone.

The temple tower is 66 metres high. Facing the temple is a big statue of Nandhi. We left this place with great memories and a promise of visiting again. Next we went to Madhurai, where we saw Goddess Meenakshi. Madurai was once the home for all Tamil Sangams. This temple has five entrances, four Rajagopurams, five towers out of which two are golden towers. After two days, with a lot of statisfaction and devotion, we started back to our destination.

I. Look at the picture of a village festival carefully. Talk about the activities that are going on by using the hints given in the help box.

About the place and the people – what is happening: wThat do the children and the adults do? – kind of shops – performances

Anwer:
Village Festival
This is a village festival where there is a lot of bustling going around. There is a temple close by. The people are going to the temple and fulfilling their rites. There are loud speakers, from which holy songs are being heard to the public. There are many vendors on the way to the temple. There are people selling fruits, sweets, ice creams, garlands, cocounts, balloons and clothes. Some people are pulling a chariot carrying a God or a Goddess. We can see some girls dancing and others are playing some instruments in front of the chariot.

Everyone is enthusiastic and they are engaged in various activities. Children are enjoying buying ice-creams and playing on their way to the temple. This scenery is a busy place for various activities.

Grammar

J. Read the sentences given below. Does the action happen every day or is it happening at this moment?
Answer:

1.	Deepa waters the plants every morning.	Every day
2.	A triangle has three sides.	Every day
3.	Sandhya is writing a letter.	At this moment
4.	The children are playing in the garden.	At this moment
5.	I go to school regularly.	Every day

K. Read the sentences given below and circle the verbs appropriately,

1. Children like/likes ice-creams.
2. Birds is flying/are flying in the sky.
3. The doctor is treating/ are treating the patient.
4. Our school is commencing/commences at 9.00 in the morning.
5. The florist sell/sells flowers on the street.

Answer:

L. Vimala and Srinath have met after a long time. Read the conversation given below and complete the dialogue. Role play the situation with your own words.
Answer:
Vimala : Hello Srinath, I haven’t seen you for a long time. Where are you rushing off?
Srinath : I am hurrying to the hospital.
Vimala : Why are you going to hospital? Are you ill?
Srinath : No, I am going to see my friend.
Vimala : Oh! What happened to him?
Srinath : He met with an accident. But he is out of danger.
Vimala : Are you free tomorrow?
Srinath : Yes, I am free.
Vimala : You are in a hurry, meet you tomorrow. Take care.
Srinath : Ok! Bye.

M. Sinduja is getting ready to sleep. She starts writing her diary. Help her complete it by using the verbs given in brackets.
(start eat have finish go reach)

1. I got up at 7’0 clock.
2. I _______ breakfast.
3. I _______ to office by car.
4. I _______ to work.
5. I _______ lunch at _______
6. I _______ my task at 7 p.m.
7. I _______ home at 8 p.m.

Answers:

1. 1. I got up at 7’0 clock.
2. ate
3. went
4. started
5. had; 1.00 p.m.
6. finished
7. reached

N. Read the sentences carefully and fill in the blanks with suitable tense form of the verbs given in brackets.

1. The doorbell rang, while I _______ (do) my homework.
2. We saw an elephant, while we _______ (go) on a trip to Ooty.
3. Mary fell asleep while she ________ (read) a book.
4. The television was on but nobody _______ (watch) it.
5. Baskaran hurt his hand while he _______ (cut) mangoes.

Answers:

1. was doing
2. were going
3. was reading
4. was watching
5. was cutting

Writing

O. Read the informal letter given below and write a reply to Mangai.
Answer:
Informal Letter

Sender’s Address:
20, Arcot Road,
Vadapalani,
Chennai – 600 026.
15th July 2018.

Salutation: Dear Mangai,

Body of the letter :

How are you? I aih fine. I received your letter yesterday. I am very pleased to know about your new home. Have you joined in your new school? How is the atmosphere over there? I miss you a lot. Happy to know that Sundar likes animals like us. He would be a good friend to you. Convey my regards to him. Send me the story, you are writing about Ooty. I would like to read it. Convey my regards to your parents. I am looking forward to read your story in your next letter.

Subscription : Yours lovingly,
Signature : Rosy.

Creative Writing

P. The Pooja holidays are about to start. Prasanth and Deepak are friends. Both their families have planned to go on a trip to Munnar. Develop a conversation on how they plan for their trip.
Answer:
Prashanth : Hai, Deepak, how did you write your exams?
Deepak : I wrote extremely well. What about you?
Prashanth : Yes. I too wrote well. From tomorrow, our Pooja holidays begin. Let us go with our family members to Munnar. We are already planning on it.
Deepak : Yes, Prashanth. I’ll talk to my parents about the trip. We can stay for a week there.
Prashanth : Yes, we have to see a lot of places. We can go by a Van there.
Deepak : Yes, the Van can fit all of us. Which is the shortest route from Chennai ?
Prashanth : We can take GST road NH 38. It will take around 10 to 11 hours and we can stay in Hotel Munnar Central. It is quite comfortable.
Deepak : OK! What are the tourist spots to be visited?
Prashanth : Kalari Kshethra, Anamudi Peak, Tea Gardens, Lock Heart Gap, Kundala Dam Lake, National Parks and Chinnakanal Waterfalls.
Deepak : Wonderful! Let’s pack all our things we need for the tour.
Prashanth : Yes, We have to take with us cotton outfits, hats, sunglasses, sunscreen lotion, blankets and sweaters.
Deepak : Ok! Prashanth. I’ll give the information to my parents and I’ll ask them to talk to your parents about this trip. Bye!

Trip to Ooty Additional Questions

I. Select The Suitable Synonyms.

Trip To Ooty 6th English Summary Question 1.
spectacular
(a) ordinary
(b) wonderful
(c) sorrowful
Answer:
(b) wonderful

Trip To Ooty 6th Lesson Pdf Question 2.
thrilled
(a) excited
(b) bored
(c) uninterested
Answer:
(a) excited

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 6th English Question 3.
mesh
(a) material made of ropes
(b) material made of wires or thread
(c) material made of bamboo
Am :
(b) material made of wires or thread

Question 4.
swaying
(a) swinging
(b) staying
(c) pacing
Answer:
(a) swinging

Question 5.
snaking
(a) moving fast
(b) moving abruptly
(c) moving like a snake
Answer:
(c) moving like a snake

Question 6.
jerk
(a) sudden movement
(b) slow movement
(c) sound
Answer.
(a) sudden movement

Question 7.
delicious
(a) salty
(b) tasty
(c) sweet
Answer:
(b) tasty

Question 8.
bubbling
(a) laughing
(b) following
(c) foaming
Answer:
(c) foamsing

Question 9.
sniggered
(a) laughed in a suppressed way
(b) smiled
(c) sneered
Answer:
(a) laughed in a suppressed way

Question 10.
weaving
(a) turning
(b) making
(c) twisting
Answer:
(c) twisting

Question 11.
scream
(a) loud noise
(b) cry in a high pitch
(c) laugh
Answer:
(b) cry in a high pitch

Question 12.
snatch
(a) seize quickly
(b) take in a polite manner
(c) eat hastily
Answer:
(a) seize quickly

Question 13.
sequence
(a) cycle
(b) order
(c) events
Answer:
(b) order

Question 14.
excitedly
(a) anxiously
(b) sadly
(c) eagerly
Answer:
(c) eagerly

Question 15.
coax
(a) persude
(b) pamper
(c) attract
Answer:
(a) persude

Question 16.
piled
(a) place one on top of the other
(b) kept in a line
(c) arranged vertically
Answer:
(a) place one on top of the other

Question 17.
fantastic
(a) boring
(b) attractive
(c) pleasant

Question 18.
landscape
(a) visible features Of an area
(b) bridges
(c) estates
Answer:
(a) visible features Of an area

Question 19.
trumpeting
(a) whistling
(b) shouting
(c) making a loud noise
Answer:
(c) making a loud noise

Question 20.
chugging
(a) moving with a puffing sound
(b) making an indistinct sound
(c) making a loud noise
Answer:
(a) moving with a puffing sound

II. Select The Suitable Antonyms.

Question 1.
beautiful
(a) wonderful
(b) ugly
(c) attractive
Answer:
(b) ugly

Question 2
close
(a) far
(b) near
(c) adjacent
Answer:
(a) far

Question 3.
never
(a) on no occasion
(b) not once
(c) always
Answer:
(c) always

Question 4.
friend
(a) enemy
(b) relative
(c) companion
Answer:
(a) enemy

Question 5.
everyone
(a) each one
(b) Fathima
(c) no one
Answer:
(c) no one

Question 6.
slowly
(a) gradually
(b) quickly
(c) leisurely
Answer:
(b) quickly

Question 7.
firm
(a) rough
(b) angry
(c) soft
Answer:
(c) soft

Question 8.
outside
(a) external side
(b) inside
(c) exterior
Answer:
(b) inside

Question 9.
cute
(a) pretty
(b) wonderful
(c) ugly
Answer:
(c) ugly

Question 10.
small
(a) big
(b) tiny
(c) puny
Answer:
(a) big

Question 11.
suddenly
(a) abruptly
(b) gradually
(c) rapidly
Answer:
(b) gradually

Question 12.
whole
(a) entire
(b) complete
(c) part
Answer:
(c) part

Question 13.
attraction
(a) appeal
(b) ugliness
(c) charm
Answer:
(b) ugliness

Question 14.
backward
(a) forward
(b) behind
(c) beside
Answer:
(a) forward

Question 15.
normal
(a) simple
(b) usual
(c) abnormal
Answer:
(c) abnormal

Question 16.
wide
(a) narrow
(b) large
(c) huge
Answer:
(a) narrow

Question 17.
listen
(a) hear
(b) observe
(c) speak
Answer:
(c) speak

Question 18.
fast
(a) slow
(b) soon
(c) speedy
Answer:
(a) slow

Question 19.
lucky
(a) fortunate
(b) blessed
(c) unlucky
Answer:
(c) unlucky

Question 20.
wild
(a) untamed
(b) domestic
(c) angry
Answer:
(b) domestic

III. Choose The Correct Answers (MCQ).

Question 1.
She said that it was a _______ trip up and down the slopes.
(a) good
(b) spectacular
(c) wonderful
(d) worst
Answer:
(b) spectacular

Question 2.
_______ girls and boys from class six went on the trip.
(a) Ten
(b) Fifteen
(c) eight
(d) Twenty
Answer:
(d) Twenty

Question 3.
I was bubbling over with _______
(a) amazement
(b) excitement
(c) puzzlement
(d) joy
Answer:
(b) excitement

Question 4.
The girls _______ and Muthu sat down with a long face.
(a) sniggered
(b) giggled
(c) smiled
(d) screamed
Answer:
(a) sniggered

Question 5.
_______ were racing all along the tracks.
(a) Donkeys
(b) Birds
(c) cows
(d) Monkeys
Answer:
(d) Monkeys

Question 6.
Some were in _______ and some had babies clinging onto them.
(a) single
(b) lonely
(c) groups
(d) pairs
Answer:
(c) groups

Question 7.
In the end, the whole compartment _______ out.
(a) came
(b) stepped
(c) jumped
(d) emptied
Answer:
(b) stepped

Question 8.
The mother elephant was nearby _______ loudly.
(a) shouting
(b) screaming
(c) trumpeting
(d) growling
Answer:
(c) trumpeting

Question 9.
It was such a _______ trip.
(a) marvellous
(b) wonderful
(c) fantastic
(d) mind-blowing
Answer:
(c) fantastic

Question 10.
Geetha ma’am had told us that we would see elephants if we were _______
(a) unlucky
(b) lucky
(c) quiet
(d) silent
Answer:
(b) lucky

IV. Very Short Answer Questions.

Question 1.
How many girls and boys went on the trip?
Answer:
Twenty girls and boys from class VI went on the trip.

Question 2.
Where is Ooty?
Answer:
Ooty is close to Coimbatore.

Question 3.
Had Merlin been there before?
Answer:
No, she had never been there before.

Question 4.
Who came and sat next to Merlin in the toy train?
Answer:
Fatima, her friend, came and sat next to Merlin.

Question 5.
What was the colour of the mountains?
Answer:
The mountains were purple-blue.

Question 6.
What did Merlin pointed out to Fathima?
Answer:
She pointed out at a baby monkey holding onto its mother’s stomach.

Question 7.
What did Fatima asked Merlin to see?
Answer:
She pointed to a bubbling stream with a small waterfall.

Question 8.
When the train stopped, who stepped out first to see what had happened?
Answer:
Muthu and his friends were the first to step out to see what had happened.

Question 9.
Who was on the track?
Answer:
A cute baby elephant was sitting on the track.

Question 10.
What did the engine driver do?
Answer:
He tried to persuade the baby gently off the track with a bunch of bananas.

V. Short Answer Questions.

Question 1.
To whom did Merlin write a letter and why?
Answer:
Merlin wrote a letter to Malli, as she had asked her to tell about her trip to Ooty.

Question 2.
What did Merlin’s Grandmother tell her many times?
Answer:
Merlin’s Grandmother had told her about the beautiful journey to Ooty by the toy train. She said that it was a spectacular trip up and down the slopes.

Question 3.
Who was bubbling over with excitement? Why?
Answer:
Merlin was bubbling over with excitement, as she had never been to Ooty or seen the toy train.

Question 4.
What did Merlin see, as she stepped into the toy train?
Answer:
She saw wooden chairs with cushioned seats and oil painted walls. There was also a luggage rack.

Question 5.
Why did her teacher come around?
Answer:
Her teacher came around to see if everyone was seated properly, as the train was about to leave.

Question 6.
What were the monkeys doing?
Answer:
The monkeys were racing all along the tracks. Some were in groups and some had babies clinging on to them.

Question 7.
Why did a monkey try to snatch a banana from a girl?
Answer:
The girl leaned out of the window to look at the train curving behind the track. So a monkey tried to snatch the banana from her hand.

Question 8.
What looked just like a dream sequence in a movie?
Answer:
The misty clouds which covered the mountains and moved in and out of the forests looked just like a dream sequence in a movie.

Question 9.
What did the people do to make the baby elephant move from the track?
Answer:
People stood around trying to make the baby move by making all kinds of sounds.

Question 10.
What was enchanting to listen?
Answer:
It was enchanting to listen to the murmur of streams, waterfalls and musical bird calls.

VI. Paragraph Questions and Answers.

Question 1.
Spot any 3 differences between toy train and normal train.
Answer:
Toy Train:

1. This rail connects Udhagamandalam and Mettupalayam.
2. The travellers can enjoy the beauty of the mountain side.
3. The train will run very slowly.

Normal Train:

1. These trains run all over the country.
2. The travellers cannot enjoy the scenery or the landscape.
3. The train will run very fast.

Question 2.
How did the children enjoy going in the toy train?
Answer:
The children were so thrilled to get into the toy train. There were wooden chairs with cushioned seats and oil pointed walls. Merlin and Fathima sat together and were enjoying the scenery outside. As the train moved slowly, everyone clapped with excitement. One of the boys, Muthu wanted to walk along the train’s side, as it was moving very slowly. As soon as his teacher shouted at him to sit in his place, he sat down with a long face. The train went snaking up the step hill side, weaving its way through forests of tall trees swaying in the breeze. All the children enjoyed looking at the beautiful mountains, waterfalls, monkeys, green fields and tea estates.

Question 3.
How beautiful was the scene outside?
Answer:
The scene outside was beautiful with purple-blue mountains forming a lovely back-drop to the green fields and tea estates. Monkeys were racing all along the tracks. Some were in groups and some had babies clinging on to them. The misty clouds, which covered the mountains and moved in and out of the forests looked wonderful, ft looked just like a dream sequence in a movie. The children saw a bubbling stream with a small waterfall and a pretty blue bird with a lovely crown.

Question 4.
Why did the toy train stop suddenly and what happened after it stopped?
Answer:
The toy train stopped suddenly, as there was a cute baby elephant sitting on the track. The mother elephant was nearby trumpeting loudly. The engine driver tried to persuade the baby off the track with a bunch of bananas. But the mother elephant did not allow anyone near the baby. So, people stood around trying to make all kinds of sounds. Finally, Muthu went up to the baby with a bunch of bananas. Just as it moved to eat it, he moved backwards. He kept doing this, till the baby was out on the side of the tracks. Everyone cheered as the baby started eating the bananas. Everyone got into the train ad it started moving.

Question 5.
Describe the beauty of blue mountain.
Answer:
The purple-blue mountains formed a lovely backdrop to the green fields and tea estates. The misty clouds covered the mountains and moved in and out of the forests. There was a bubbling stream with a small waterfall.

VII. Writing Skill.

1. Conversion:
Develop the Conversation between you and your friend Deepak about the plan for the trip to Ooty.
Answer:
Me: Hi, Ravi, How are you?
Friend: I am fine and you?
Me: I am also fine. By the way, how will you spend your summer holidays?
Friend: I plan to go to some hill area.
Me: Would you like to come with me to Ooty?
Friend: Oh, sure. Where will we stay?
Me: My uncle’s house is there. His company has sent him to New York on deputation for six months.
Friend: Is it vacant now?
Me: No. His servant is there. So, let us start on Sunday evening.
Friend: OK. I will come.

2. Letter Writing:
Write a letter to your friend sharing experience about your trip to Ooty
Answer:
28, Bharathi Street,
Tiruppur – 641 601
October, 2018.

Dear Ramesh,

I hope this letter finds you in good health and spirits. Last Saturday, I went to Ooty along with my parents. We stayed in our uncle’s house. We visited to Pykara falls, but there was no water. Then we left for Mudumalai and saw wild animals. We travelled in the Toy Train also from Ooty to Coonoor. The next day we visited Doddabetta, Botanical garden and the Rose Garden. Then we visited the Ooty lake. Boating is a lot of fun there with different boats, like row, pedal, motor. Totally, the trip was a very nice one.

Convey my regards to your parents.

Your loving friend,
L. Suresh

Address on the envelope

To
M. Ramesh,
53, Sardar Patel Street,
Chennai – 600 014.

Grammar – Additional

Tenses

Simple Present Tense

The Simple Present tense tells us of actions done always or usually.
Example : The Indus is a long river which rises in Tibet.
The Ravi, the Beas and the Sutlej flow through the Punjab Haryana Plains.
A low watershed seperates these plains from the Ganga plains.
The Ganga Plains form the largest lowland drained by the Ganga and its tributaries.
Both the Ganga and the Yamuna originate in the Himalayas.
The Ganga also receives tributaries from the Peninsular plateau.
The Brahmaputra joins the Ganga and flows through Bangladesh.

1. The simple present tense expresses habitual actions.
I brush my teeth every day.

2. General truths.
Sea water is salty.

3. For future actions.
The Eighth standard students go to the ninth in June.

4. If type conditional sentences :
If you write that letter, you may get into trouble.

5. For a dramatic effect:
(a) She walks into the room, sees the headless body and screams.
(b) The singer slips out of captivity, leaps from the balcony and dives into a deep blue pond.

6. In questions and statements containing do, does and did and interrogative sentences.
Do you know the truth?
Does he come?
Did she sing?
Am I wrong? Is it time?

7. In time clauses :
When did this happen?
Adverbs like : occasionally, generally, sometimes, always, never often etc., are usually used with the Present Tense.

Present Progressive Tense

The Present Continuous Tense : is / am / are + Ving
It is used for actions in progress at the time of speaking.
Example : It is raining.
Generally, these verbs should not be used in the present continuous : know, smell, taste, possess, remember, belong, cost, want, derive, detest, understand, forget, etc.
I am loving you (Not correct)
I love you
I am not understanding (Not correct)
I don’t understand.
Thd.present continuous is also used to express an arrangement for the future.

Example : I am flying to France this evening. Vicky is speaking in the meeting tomorrow.
Adverbs like now, still, at present are used with the Present Continuous Tense.

Example:

1. I am eating.
2. She is eating banana.
3. My father is reading the newspaper.
4. The moon is shining.
5. They are chanting mantras.
6. They baby is crying.
7. Are you watching TV?
8. What are you going party?
9. Raman is flying Tokyo.
10. Are you feeling okay?

Simple Past Tense
The past tense is used to express an action that took place in the past.
Example : India became independent in 1947.
I met Usha Yesterday.

Past Progressive Tense

This tense is used to express an action that continued for sometime in the past. Yesterday, last week etc. are the adverbs used with this tense.

Example : Shiela was washing the clothes when the thief entered the house.

I. Read the sentences given below and circle the verbs appropriately.

II. Fill in blanks with the simple present or present progressive tense.

1. Look! They (leave) _______ the house.
2. Brian (cycle) _______ 30 km everyday.
3. Samantha (do) _______ her homework at the moment.
4. My parents (shop) _______ right now.
5. He usually (get up) _______ early in the morning.
6. Normally, Jenny (wear) _______ black shoes but today she (wear) _______ red wellies.
7. Look! Jenny (go) _______ to school.
8. She (go) _______ for walking everyday.
9. The sun (rises) _______ in the east.
10. A square (be) _______ a four sided figure.
11. Ravi’s mother (prepare) _______ food now.
12. She (cook) _______ deliciously. [Ans: cooks]
13. My mother always (take) _______ care of me.
14. Look! Thev (play) _______ Kabbadi.
15. She (watch) _______ T. V. now.

Answers:

1. are leaving
2. cycles
3. is doing
4. are shopping
5. gets up
6. wears, is wearing
7. is going
8. goes
9. rises
10. is
11. is preparing
12. takes
13. are playing
14. is watching

III. Write the verbs in the present progressive.

1. speak – I _______
2. iump – You _______
3. bake – She _______
4. play – They _______
5. run – We _______
6. laugh – He _______
7. enact – We _______ a drama.
8. answer – I _______ the question.
9. wash – They _______ the clothes.
10. do – She _______ her homework.
11. dancing – They _______
12. scream – She _______
13. learn – We _______ Tamil.
14. clap – Everyone _______
15. listen – Children _______ carefully.

Answers:

1. am speaking
2. are jumping
3. is baking
4. are playing
5. are running
6. is laughing
7. are enacting
8. am answering
9. are washing
10. is doing
11. are dancing
12. is screaming
13. are learning
14. is clapping
15. are listening

IV. Fill in the blanks with suitable tense form of the verbs given brackets.

1. The phone _______ (ring) while I _______ (sleep).
2. I _______ (cook) dinner, when Sue _______ (arrive).
3. When the dog _______ (bark), they _______ (try) to sleep.
4. While we _______ (dance) the music _______ (stop).
5. Sam _______ (listen) to music, so he _______ (not hear) you.
6. While we _______ (talk), someone _______ (steal) my bag.
7. The prisoner _______ (run) away, while the policeman were _______ (joke).
8. My boss _______ (call) me, while I _______ (eat).
9. While I _______ (work), my husband _______ (ask) my help.
10. When they _______ (come) in, everybody _______ (watch) the movie.
11. The thief (enter) _______ into their house, while all (watch) _______ T. V.
12. Rai (walk) _______ to the station, while his friends (chat) _______
13. When my mother (call) me, when I (have) my dinner.
14. When he (play) _______ football, he _______ (meet) an accident.
15. He (stumble) _______, while he (try) _______ to get up.

Answers:

1. rang ; was sleeping
2. was cooking ; arrived
3. was barking : tried
4. were dancing ; stopped
5. was listening ; did not hear
6. were talking : stole
7. ran ; joking
8. called ; was eating
9. worked ; was asking
10. came ; was watching
11. entered ; were watching
12. walked ; were chatting
13. called ; was having
14. was playing ; met
15. stumbled : was trying

Trip to Ooty Summary

Section I

This section deals with the first part of the letter written by Merlin to Malli. She told her about her trip to Ooty with her friends. Their class teacher Mrs. Geetha and two other teachers accompanied a group of twenty girls and boys from Class VI. Merlin had heard from her grandmother about the beautiful journey to Ooty by the toy train. She said that it was a spectacular trip up and down the slopes with birds and trees dancing along the way. Merlin wrote that she was so excited when she stepped into the toy train with her friends. There were wooden chairs with cushioned seats and oil painted walls. She called out her friend Fathima to sit next to her.

They were enjoying the view from the toy train. Their teacher Mrs. Geetha came around to see if everyone was seated properly. The train started with a jerk and moved slowly. Everyone of them clapped joyfully. One of the boys, Muthu wanted to walk along the side of the train, as it was going very slowly. But his teacher scolded him to go to his seat immediately. All the girls laughed at this and Muthu sat down quietly with a long face.

Read the following questions and answer them.

Question 1.
Where did the boys and girls go?
Answer:
The boys and girls of Class VI went on a trip to Ooty.

Question 2.
Why did Muthu say that he could walk along its side?
Answer:
Muthu said that he could walk along its side because the train was moving very slowly.

Question 3.
Why did the girls snigger?
Answer:
The girls sniggered because the teacher shouted at Muthu to go back to his seat immediately.

Section II

This section of the letter gives the clear view of the scenes outside the train. The scene was beautiful with the purple blue mountains forming a lovely backdrop to the green fields and the estates. Monkeys with babies clinging onto them were racing all along the tracks. One of the monkeys tried to snatch a banana from a girl, as she leaned out of the window to look at the train curving on the track. She gave a scream and moved back. The misty clouds, which covered the mountains, the bubbling stream with a small waterfall, and a pretty blue bird were marvellous to see. Suddenly, the train stopped with a thud. Boys were so excited to see what happened. So they begged their teacher to allow them to step out of the train.

In the end, the whole compartment stepped out. And what a sight greeted their eyes!

Discuss and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Why did the girl scream?
Ans:
One of the monkeys tried to snatch a banana from a girl’s hand while she was leaning out of the window. She screamed and moved back.

Question 2.
Why did Muthu and his friends step out of the train?
Answer:
The trained stopped suddenly. So Muthu and his friends stepped out of the train to see what had happened.

Question 3.
Describe the beauty of the blue mountain.
Answer:
The purple-blue mountains formed a lovely backdrop to the green fields and tea estates.

Section III

This section narrates the incident on the track. There was a cute baby elephant sitting on the track. The mother elephant was nearby trumpeting loudly. The engine driver and others tried to persuade the baby off the track with the bunch of bananas. But the mother elephant did not allow anyone near the baby. So they were making all kinds of sounds to make the baby elephant move from there. Just then, Muthu went upf to the baby with a bunch of bananas. Just as it moved to eat it, he moved backwards. He kept doing this, till the baby was out on the side of the tracks. Everyone cheered as the baby and mother started eating the bananas. As they were eating, everyone got into the train and it left after a delay of half an hour.

Merlin ended the letter saying that it was a fantastic trip. It was enchanting to listen to the sounds of streams and waterfalls. She can never forget the wide, wind-swept tea estates, cloud covered mountains, the swaying trees and the birds chirping. The whole group was so excited by the trip.

Think and answer.

Question 1.
What made the trip a memorable one?
Answer:
On a normal fast train ride, we do not notice the scenery or the landscape. It rushes by so fast. But the train making a slow move up and down the beautiful mountain was different. They were able to enjoy everything thoroughly. This made the trip a memorable one.

Question 2.
What does the phrase ‘presence of mind’ mean? Explain the phrase using Muthu’s action.
Answer:
Muthu had the ‘presence of mind’ at the right moment. He moved the bunch of bananas backwards, whenever the baby elephant moved forward to eat it. He kept doing that till the baby was out on the side of tracks. Everyone cheered this, as he had acted correctly at the right time.

Question 3.
What is the difference between this toy train and a normal train?
Answer:
The toy train travels through 208 serpentine curves, 16 tunnels, 250 bridges, waterfall hood, cliff edges and tea estates, covering a distance of 26 km. It is a showcase of heritage of India. The normal train only takes you to your destination without these beautiful sights.

Students can Download Social Science History Chapter 1 Sources of Medieval India Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science History Solutions Term 1 Chapter 1 Sources of Medieval India

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Sources of Medieval India Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answer:

Sources Of Medieval India Class 7 Question 1.
are the writings engraved on solid surfaces such as rocks, stones, temple wails and metals.
(a) Chronicles
(b) Travelogues
(c) Coins
(d) Inscriptions
Answer:
(d) Inscriptions

Sources Of Medieval Indian History Class 7 Question 2.
was the land gifted to temples.
(a) Vellanvagai
(b) Shalabhoga
(c) Brahmadeya
(d) Devadana
Answer:
(d) Devadana

Sources Of Medieval India Questions And Answers Question 3.
__________ period was known as the period of devotional literature.
(a) Chola
(b) Pandya
(c) Rajput
(d) Vijayanagara
Answer:
(a) Chola

Sources Of Medieval Indian History Class 7 Question Answer Question 4.
__________ provides information about the first Sultan of Delhi.
(a) Ain-i-Akbari
(b) Taj-ul-Ma’asir
(c) Tuzk-i-Jahangiri
(d) Tarikh-i-Frishta
Answer:
(b) Taj-ul-Ma’asir

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 7th Social Science Question 5.
__________ an Arab-born Morocco scholar, travelled from Morocco to India.
(a) Marco Polo
(b) A1 Beruni
(c) Domingo Paes
(d) Ibn Battuta
Answer:
(d) Ibn Battuta

II. Fill in the Blanks

1. __________ inscriptions provide details about administration in a Brahmadeya village.
2. __________ had stamped the figure of Goddess Lakshmi on his gold coins and had his name inscribed on it.
3. __________ 3.6 grains of silver amounted to a
4. __________ was patronised by Sultan Nazir-ud-din Mahmud of Slave Dynasty.
5. __________ An Italian traveller visited Vijayanagar Empire in 1420.

Answer:

1. Uttiramerur
2. Muhammad Ghori
3. Jital
4. Minhaj-us-Siraj
5. Nicolo Conti

III. Match the following

A		B
Khajuraho	i.	Odisha
Konark	ii.	Hampi
Dilwara	iii.	Madhya Pradesh
Virupaksha	iv.	Rajasthan

Answer:

1. iii
2. i
3. iv
4. ii

IV. State true or false :

Samacheer Kalvi 7th History Book Question 1.
Pallichchandam was the land donated to Jaina institution.
Answer:
True

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 7th Social Question 2.
The composition of metal coins gives us information on the political condition of the empire.
Answer:
False
Correct statement: The composition of metals in the coins gives us information on the economic condition of the empire.

Question 3.
The high cost of copper made palm leaf and paper cheaper alternatives for recording royal orders and events in royal courts.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Domingo Paes, a Portuguese traveller, visited the Chola Empire in 1522.
Answer:
False
Correct statement: Domingo Paes, a Portuguese traveller, visited the Vijayanagar in 1522.

V. Match the statement with the reason Tick
(a) Tick (✓) the appropriate answer.

Question 1.
Assertion (A) :Muhammad Ghori’s gold coins carried the figure of Goddess Lakshmi.
Reason (R) :The Turkish invader was liberal in his religious outlook.
a) R is the correct explanation of A.
b) R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is wrong and R is correct.
d) A and R are wrong.
Answer :
(a) R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Find out the wrong pair

1. Madhura Vijayam – Gangadevi
2. Abul Fazal – Ain-i-Akbari
3. Ibn Battura – Tahquiq-i-Hind
4. Amuktamalyatha – Krishnadevaraya

Answer:
3. Ibn Battuta – Tahquiq-i-Hind

(c) Find out the odd one
Question 1.
Inscriptions, Travelogues, Monuments, Coins
Answer:
Travelogues

VI. Answer the following in one or two sentences

Question 1.
Who compiled Nalayira Divyaprabhandham ?
Answer:
Nathamuni

Question 2.
What does the word Tuzk mean?
Answer:
Auto biography

Question 3.
Name Jahangir’s memoir.
Tuzk-i-Jahangiri

Question 4.
Name the two different types of sources for the study of history.
Answer:
Primary sources and Secondary sources are the two different types of sources for the study of history.

Question 5.
List out the important mosques and forts constructed during the medieval times.
Answer:

1. Quwwat-ul Islam Masjid, Moth-ki- Masjid, Jama Masjid, Fatehpur Sikri Dargah (all in and around Delhi) and Charminar (Hyderabad) are the important mosques belonging to the medieval times.
2. The forts of historical importance are Agra Fort, Chittor Fort, Gwalior Fort and Delhi Red Fort and

Question 6.
Mention the important foreign travellers who visited India during the medieval period.
Answer:
Marco Polo, a Venetian traveller, Al-Beruni, Ibn Battuta Nicolo Conti, Abdur-Razzaq, Domingo Paes.

VII. Answer the following :

Question 1.
Describe the different types of coins introduced by the rulers of Delhi Sultanate.
Answer:

1. The picture and the legend on the coins convey the names of kings with their titles and portraits, events, places, dates, dynasties and logos.
2. The composition of metals in the coins gives us information on the economic condition of the empire.
3. Mention of king’s achievements like military conquests, territorial expansion, trade links and religious faith can also be found in the coins.
4. Muhammad Ghori had stamped the figure of Goddess Lakshmi on his gold coins and had his name inscribed on it.
5. This coin tells us that this early Turkish invader was in all likelihood liberal in religious outlook. Copper Jitals are available for the study of the period of the Delhi Sultans.
6. Silver Tanka introduced by Iltutmish, Ala-ud-din Khalji’s gold coins, Muhammad-bin- Tughluq’s copper token currency are indicative of coinage as well as the economic prosperity or otherwise of the country of the time. A jital contained 3.6 grains of silver. Forty eight jitals were equal to 1 silver tanka.

VIII. Answer Grid

1. _______________ was a courtier of Emperor Aurangazeb. Answer: Khafi khan	2. Tiruvalangadu copper plates belong to Answer : Rajendra Chola I
3. _______________ was the land for the maintenance of the school. Answer : Shalabhoga	4. _______________ compiled Periyapuranam. Answer : Sekkizhar
5. _______________ is an Arabic word meaning history. Answer: Tariq or Tahquiq.	6. Muhammed bin Tughluq transferred his capital from Delhi to ____________ in the south. Answer: Devagiri (Daulatabad).

IX. HOTS :

Question 1.
The composition of metals in coins is indicative of the economic prosperity of the empire-
Substantiate.
Answer:

1. Metals like Gold and Silver are precious and rare elements.
2. They are shiny, strong and have high economic value.
3. If such metals are used in coins in an empire, it indicates its economic prosperity.

X. Student Activity :

Prepare an album collecting pictures of palaces, tombs, mosques and forts of Medieval India

XI. Life skill :

Question 1.
Find out from the libraries in your town or village and prepare a report about the primary and secondary sources available there.
Answer:
On a visit to a library nearby I found that it had primary and secondary sources.

I found historical documents, statistical data, pieces of creative writing, speeches and art objects. Interviews, surveys, field work also are available here. I also could see and sources like articles in news papers, popular magazines, book a movie views and articles in journals.

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Sources of Medieval India Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Uttiramerur inscriptions in ______ district provide details about Brahmadeya village administration.
(a) Salem
(b) Kanchipuram
(c) Chennai
(d) Vellore
Answer:
(b) Kanchipuram

Question 2.
______ jitals are available for the study Of the period Of the Delhi sultans.
(a) Gold
(b) Silver
(c) Copper
(d) Aluminium
Answer:
(c) Copper

II. Fill in the blanks

1. ______ grants, which were treated as legal documents, have significant source value.
2. Palaces in Jaipur, Jaisalmer and Jodhpur signify the greatness of the _____ dynasty.
3. The ______ period was known as the period of devotional literature in South India
4. ______ are pictures, images in drawing or painting

Answer:

1. Copper – Plate
2. Rajput
3. Chola
4. Portraits

III. Match the following:

	A		B
a.	Abul Fazal	i.	King’s achievements
b.	Iltutmish	ii.	Akbar nama
c.	Coins	iii.	Kalhana
d.	Rihla	iv.	Chahalgani
e.	Rajatarangini	V.	The Travels

Answer:
a – ii
b – iv
c – i
d – v
e – iii

IV. State true or false:

Question 1.
Zia – Ud – Bami wrote Tarikh – i – Firoz shahi.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Tabakat-i- Akbari was authored by Abul Faze.
False
Correct statement: Tabakat-i- Akbari was authored by Nizam-ud-din Ahmad.

Question 3.
Ibn Battuta tells us of caste in India and the practice of Sati.
Answer:
True

V. Match the statement with the reason. Tick the appropriate answer:

Question 1.
Statement : Minhaj – us- siraj, patronised by Sultan Nazir – ud – din Mahmud, wrote Tabakat – i – Nasiri
Reason : The compendium was named after its patron.
(a) Statement is true but Reason is wrong.
(b) Statement and Reason are correct.
(c) Statement is wrong and reason is correct.
(d) Both Statement and reason are wrong.
Answer:
(b) Statement and Reason are correct.

Question 2.
Statement :Accroding to Ibn Battuta, a Morocco scholar, Egypt was rich in the 16th century.
Reason: The whole of Indian trade with the west passed through Egypt
(a) Statement is true but Reason is wrong.
(b) Statement and Reason are correct.
(c) Statement is wrong and reason is correct.
(d) Both Statement and reason are wrong.
Answer:
(c) Statement is wrong and reason is correct.

Question 3.
Statement: Kayal, which was a port city is situated in this district of Tamil Nadu.
Find out which of the following is correct?
(a) Kanyakumari
(b) Tirunelveli
(c) Thoothukudi
(d) Ramanathapuram
Answer:
(c) Thoothukudi

Question 4.
Find out the wrong Pair
(a) Nalayira Divyaprabhandham – 12Azhwars
(b) Devaram – Appar, Sambandar, Sundarar
(c) Thiruvasagam – Manikkavasakar
(d) GitaGovindam – Kabirdas
Answer:
(d) Gita Govindam – Kabir das

Question 5.
pick out the wrong statement.
(a) Al – Beruni accompanied Mahmud of Ghazni in one of his campaigns
(b) He stayed in India for 10 years.
(c) The most accurate accounts of Mahmud’s Somnath expedition is that of Alberuni
(d) He knew only Arabic.
Answer:
(d) He knew only Arabic

VI. Answer in one or two sentences

Question 1.
Who composed Nalayira Divya Prabhandam?
Answer:
Nalayira Divya Prabhandam was composed by 12 Azhwars.

Question 2.
By whom was Devaram composed and compiled?
Answer:

1. Devaram composed by Appar, Sundarar and Sambandar
2. Compiled by Nambiyandar Nambi.

Question 3.
How many jitals were equal to 1 siver tanka?
Answer:
Forty – eight

VII. HOTS :

Question 1.
How are sources of history useful to us?
Answer:

1. Source are the supporting materials, documents or records in the form of evidence that help to reconstruct the past.
2. They are available in different forms such as Inscriptions, monuments, coins, chronicles, travelogues, biographies etc.,
3. Through these sources we get to know a lot of information about social, economic and political condition of a country under different rulers.

Who am I ?

1. I am a person who writes accounts of important historical events.
2. I am a collection of detailed information about a particular subject.
3. I am a tall tower, typically part of a mosque.
4. I am an Arabic word meaning generations or centuries.

Answer:

1. Chronicles
2. Compendium
3. Minaret
4. Tabakat