Category: Class 12

Students can Download Accountancy Chapter 2 Accounts of Not-For-Profit Organisation Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Solutions Chapter 2 Accounts of Not-For-Profit Organisation

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Accounts of Not-For-Profit Organisation Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

12th Accountancy 2nd Chapter Answers  Question 1.
Receipts and payments account is a …………….
(a) Nominal A/c
(b) Real A/c
(c) Personal A/c
(d) Representative personal account
Answer:
(b) Real A/c

12th Accountancy Chapter 2 Question 2.
Receipts and payments account records receipts and payments of …………….
(a) Revenue nature only
(b) Capital nature only
(c) Both revenue and capital nature
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Both revenue and capital nature

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Solutions Chapter 2 Question 3.
Balance of receipts and payments account indicates the …………….
(a) Loss incurred during the period
(b) Excess of income over expenditure of the period
(c) Total cash payments during the period
(d) Cash and bank balance as on the date
Answer:
(d) Cash and bank balance as on the date

12th Accounts 2nd Chapter Question 4.
Income and expenditure account is a …………….
(a) Nominal A/c
(b) Real A/c
(c) Personal A/c
(d) Representative personal account
Answer:
(a) Nominal A/c

12th Accountancy 2nd Chapter Question 5.
Income and Expenditure Account is prepared to find out …………….
(a) Profit or loss
(b) Cash and bank balance
(c) Surplus or deficit
(d) Financial position
Answer:
(c) Surplus or deficit

12th Accountancy Chapter 2 Solutions Question 6.
Which of the following should not be recorded in the income and expenditure account?
(a) Sale of old news papers
(b) Loss on sale of asset
(c) Honorarium paid to the secretary
(d) Sale proceeds of furniture
Answer:
(d) Sale proceeds of furniture

12th Account Chapter 2 Question 7.
Subscription due but not received for the current year is …………….
(a) An asset
(b) A liability
(c) An expense
(d) An item to be ignored
Answer:
(a) An asset

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Solutions Question 8.
Legacy is a …………….
(a) Revenue expenditure
(b) Capital expenditure
(c) Revenue receipt
(d) Capital receipt
Answer:
(d) Capital receipt

12th Accountancy 2nd Chapter Solutions Question 9.
Donations received for a specific purpose is …………….
(a) Revenue receipt
(b) Capital receipt
(c) Revenue expenditure
(d) Capital expenditure
Answer:
(b) Capital receipt

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Solutions Chapter 1 Question 10.
There are 500 members in a club each paying ₹ 100 as annual subscription. Subscription due but not received for the current year is ₹ 200; Subscription received in advance is ? 300. Find out the amount of subscription to be shown in the income and expenditure account,
(a) ₹ 50, 000
(b) ₹ 50, 200
(c) ₹ 49, 900
(d) ₹ 49, 800
Answer:
(a) ₹ 50,000

II. Very Short Answer Questions

12th Samacheer Kalvi Accountancy Solution Book Question 1.
State the meaning of not-for-profit organisation.
Answer:
Some organisations are established for the purpose of rendering services to the public without any profit motive. They may be created for the promotion of art, culture, education and sports, etc. These organisations are called not-for-profit organisation.

Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 2 Solutions Question 2.
What is receipts and payments account?
Answer:
Receipts and Payments account is a summary of cash and bank transactions of not-for-profit organisations prepared at the end of each financial year. It is a real account in nature.

Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 2 Question 3.
What is legacy?
Answer:
It is the amount given to a non-trading concern as per the will. It is like a donation. It appears on the debit side of receipts and payments account, but is not treated as income because it is not of recurring nature. It is a capital receipt.

Chapter 2 Accountancy Class 12 Solutions Question 4.
Write a short note on life membership fees.
Answer:
Life membership fee is accounted as a capital receipt and added to capital fund on the liabilities side of Balance sheet. It is non – recurring in nature.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 12th Accountancy Question 5.
Give four examples for capital receipts of not-for-profit organisation.
Answer:

1. Life membership fees
2. Legacies
3. Specific donation
4. Sale of fixed assets

12th Accountancy Solutions Samacheer Kalvi Question 6.
Give four examples for revenue receipts of not-for-profit organisation.
Answer:

1. Subscription
2. Interest on investment
3. Interest on fixed deposit
4. Sale of old sports material

III. Short Answer Questions

12th Accountancy Guide Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
What is income and expenditure account?
Answer:
Income and expenditure account is a summary of income and expenditure of a not-for-profit organisation prepared at the end of an accounting year. It is prepared to find out the surplus or deficit pertaining to a particular year. It is a nominal account in nature in which items of revenue receipts and revenue expenditure relating to the current year alone are recorded.

12th Accountancy Answer Question 2.
State the differences between Receipts and Payments Account and Income and Expenditure Account.
Answer:

Accountancy 2nd Chapter Question 3.
How annual subscription is dealt with in the final accounts of not-for-profit organisation?
Answer:
(A) Treatment in income and expenditure account:
When subscription received for the current year, previous years and subsequent period are given separately, subscription received for the current year will be shown on the credit side of income and expenditure account after making the adjustments given below:

• Subscription outstanding for the current year is to be added.
• Subscription received in advance in the previous year which is meant for the current year is to be added.

When total subscription received in current year is given:

• Subscription outstanding in the previous year which is received in the current year will be subtracted.
• Subscription received in advance in the previous year which is meant for the current year is added and subscription received in advance must be subtracted.

(B) Treatment in Balance sheet:

• Subscription outstanding for the current year and still outstanding for the previous year will be shown on the asset side of the Balance sheet.
• Subscriptions received in advance in the current year will be shown on the liabilities side of the Balance sheet.

Class 12th Accounts Chapter 2 Solutions Question 4.
How the following items are dealt with in the final accounts of not-for-profit organisation?

1. Sale of sports materials
2. Life membership fees
3. Tournament fund

Answer:
1. Sale of sports materials:
The sale proceeds of old sports materials like balls and bats, etc., are revenue receipts.

2. Life membership fees:
Amount received like membership fee from members is a capital receipt as it is non – recurring in nature.

3. Tournament fund:
It is recurring in nature. It is revenue receipt. It is shown on liabilities side of balance sheet. Opening balance added donations and subtracted expenses incurred.

IV. Exercises

Question 1.
From the information given below, prepare Receipts and Payments account of Kurunji Sports Club for the year ended 31^st December, 2018.

Answer:
Kurinji Sports Club Account for the year ended 31st Dec 2018
Receipts and Payments

Question 2.
From the information given below, prepare Receipts and Payments account of Coimbatore Cricket Club for the year ending 31^st March, 2019.

Answer:
Coimbatore Cricket Club Receipts and Payments Account
for the year ending 31.03.19

Question 3.
From the information given below, prepare Receipts and Payments account of Madurai Mother Theresa Mahalir Mandram for the year ended 31^st December, 2018.

Answer:
Madurai Mother Theresa Mahalir Mandram Receipts and Payments Account for the year ending 31.12.18

Question 4.
Mayiladuthurai Recreation Club gives you the following details. Prepare Receipts and Payments account for the year ended 31^st March, 2019.

Answer:
Mayiladuthurai Recreation Club Receipts and Payments Account for the year ending 31.3.19

Question 5.
From the following information, prepare Receipts and Payments account of Cuddalore Kabaddi Association for the year ended 31^st March, 2019.

Cuddalore Kabadi Association Receipts and Payments Account for the year ending 31.03.19
Answer:

Question 6.
From the following receipts and payments account of Tenkasi Thiruvalluvar Manram, prepare income and expenditure account for the year ended 31^st March, 2019.

Answer:
Tenkasi Thiruvalluvar Manram Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31.03.19

Question 7.
From the following receipts and payments account, prepare income and expenditure account of Kumbakonam Basket Ball Association for the year ended 31^st March, 2018.

Answer:
Kumbakonam Basket Ball Association Income & Expenditure Account for the year ended 31.03.19

Question 8.
From the following receipts and payments account and the additional information given below, calculate the amount of subscription to be shown in Income and expenditure account for the year ending 31^st December, 2018.

Answer:
Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31.12.18

Question 9.
How the following items will appear in the final accounts of a club for the year ending 31st March 2019?
Receipts and Payments Account for the year ended 31st March, 2019

Answer:
There are 200 members in the club each paying an annual subscription of ₹ 400 per annum. Subscription still outstanding for the year 2017 – 2018 is ₹ 2,000.
Income & Expenditure Account for the year ended 31.03.2019

Balance Sheet as on 31.03.19

Question 10.
How will the following items appear in the final accounts of a club for the year ending 31st March 2017? Received subscription of ₹ 40,000 during the year 2016 – 17. This includes subscription of ₹ 5,000 for 2015 – 16 and ₹ 3,000 for the year 2017 – 18. Subscription of ₹ 1,000 is still outstanding for the year 2016 – 17.
Answer:
Income & Expenditure Account for the year ended 31.03.19
Balance Sheet as on 31.03.19

Question 11.
Compute income from subscription for the year 2018 from the following particulars relating to a club.

Answer:
Subscription received during the year 2018: ₹ 45,000. Income & Expenditure Account for the year ended 31.03.2019

Question 12.
From the following particulars, show how the item ‘subscription’ will appear in the Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31 – 12 – 2018?
Subscription received in 2018 is ₹ 50,000 which includes ₹ 5,000 for 2017 and ₹ 7,000 for 2019. Subscription outstanding for the year 2018 is ₹ 6,000. Subscription of ₹ 4,000 was received in advance for 2018 in the year 2017.
Answer:
Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31.12.2018

Question 13.
How the following items appear in the final accounts of Thoothukudi Young Pioneers Association?
There are one hundred members in the association each paying ₹ 25 as annual subscription. By the end of the year 10 members had not paid their subscription but four members had paid for the next year in advance.
Income & Expenditure Account for the year ended
Answer:

Balance Sheet as on …………..

Question 14.
How will the following appear in the final accounts of Marthandam Women Cultural Association?

Answer:
Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31.03.19

Balance Sheet as on 31.03.19

Question 15.
How will the following appear in the final accounts of Vedaranyam Sports club?

Answer:
Income & Expenditure Account for the year ended

Balance Sheet as on …………..

Question 16.
Show how the following items appear in the income and expenditure account of Sirkazhi Singers Association?

Answer:
Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31.03.18

Question 17.
Chennai tennis club had Match fund showing credit balance of ₹ 24,000 on 1^st April, 2018. Receipt to the fund during the year was ₹ 26,000. Match expenses incurred during the year was ₹ 33,000. How these items will appear in the final accounts of the club for the year ended 31^st March, 2019?
Balance Sheet as on 31.03.2019
Answer:
Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31.03.18

Question 18.
How will the following appear in the final accounts of Karaikudi sports club for the year ending 31^stMarch, 2019?

Answer:
Balance Sheet as on 31.03.19

Question 19.
Compute capital fund of Salem Sports Club as on 1.4.2019.

Answer:
Balance Sheet as on 01.04.2019

Question 20.
From the following Receipts and Payments account and from the information given below of Ramanathapuram Sports Club, prepare Income and Expenditure account for the year ended 31st December, 2018 and the balance sheet as on that date.
Receipts and Payments Account for the year ended 31^st December, 2018

Additional information:

1. Capital fund as on 1^st January 2018 ₹ 30,000.
2. Opening stock of sports material ₹ 3,000 and closing stock of sports material ₹ 5,000.

Answer:
Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31.12.18

Balance Sheet as on 31.12.18

Question 21.
From the following Receipts and Payments account of Yercaud Youth Association, prepare Income and expenditure account for the year ended 31^st March, 2019 and the balance sheet as on that date.
Receipts and Payments Account for the year ended 31^st March, 2019

Additional information:

1. Opening capital fund ₹ 20,000.
2. Stock of books on 1.4.2018 ₹ 9,200.
3. Subscription due but not received ₹ 1,700.
4. Stock of stationery on 1.4.2018 ₹ 1,200 and stock of stationery on 31.3.2019, ₹ 2,000

Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31.03.19

Balance Sheet as on 31.03.2019

Question 22.
Following is the Receipts and Payments account of Neyveli Science Club for the year ended 31^st December, 2018.
Receipts and Payments Account for the year ended 31^st December, 2018

Additional information:

1. Opening capital fund ₹ 6,400
2. Subscription includes ₹ 600 for the year 2019
3. Science equipment as on 1.1.2018 ₹ 5,000
4. Surplus on account of exhibition should be kept in reserve for new auditorium.

Prepare income and expenditure account for the year ended 31^st December, 2018 and the balance sheet as on that date.
Answer:
Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31.12.18

Balance Sheet as on 31.12.2018

Question 23.
From the following Receipts and Payments account of Sivakasi Pensioner’s Recreation Club, prepare income and expenditure account for the year ended 31^st March, 2018 and the balance sheet as on that date.
Receipts and Payments Account for the year ended 31^st March, 2018

Additional information:

1. The club had 300 members each paying ₹ 100 as annual subscription.
2. The club had furniture ₹ 10,000 on 1.4.2017.
3. The subscription still due but not received for the year 2016 – 2017 is ₹ 1,000.

Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31.03.18

Opening Balance Sheet as on 1.1.18

Balance Sheet as on 31.12.2019

Question 24.
Following is the Receipts and payments account of Virudhunagar Volleyball Association for the year ended 31^st December, 2018.
Receipts and Payments Account for the year ended 31^st December, 2018

Answer:
Additional information:

1. On 1.1.2018, the association owned investments ₹ 10,000, premises and grounds ₹ 40,000, stock of bats and balls ₹ 5,000.
2. Subscription ₹ 5,000 related to 2017 is still due.
3. Subscription due for the year 2018, ₹ 6,000.

Prepare income and expenditure account for the year ended 31^st December, 2018 and the balance sheet as on that date.
Answer:
Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31.12.18

Opening Balance Sheet as on 1.1.18

Balance Sheet as on 31.12.2109

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Accounts of Not-For-Profit Organisation Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
State the primary motive of not-for-profit organisation?
(a) Producing goods
(b) Provide service
(c) Both
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Provide service

Question 2.
State the nature of Life membership subscription.
(a) Cash Payments
(b) Cash Receipts
(c) Capital Receipt
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Cash Receipts

Question 3.
On which basis Receipt and Payment Account is prepared?
(a) Cash basis
(b) Credit basis
(c) Accrual basis
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Cash basis

Question 4.
Classify the subscription received during the year of not-for-profit organisation.
(a) Capital Receipt
(b) Capital Expenditure
(c) Revenue Receipt
(d) Both
Answer:
(c) Revenue Receipt

Question 5.
State the nature of Receipt and Payment A/c for not-for-profit organisation.
(a) Real Account
(b) Personal A/c
(c) Nominal A/c
(d) Representative Personal A/c
Answer:
(a) Real Account

Question 6.
Subscription received in advance is
(a) An Asset
(b) Income
(c) A Liability
(d) Expenditure
Answer:
(c) A Liability

II. Fill in the blanks

Question 7.
Not-for-profit organisation set up with the objective of ……………. of the society.
Answer:
Welfare

Question 8.
The nature of Receipt and Payments Account is …………….
Answer:
An Asset

Question 9.
Receipt and Payment Account is prepared as ……………. basis of accounting.
Answer:
Cash

Question 10.
Nature of Income over Expenditure Account is …………….
Answer:
Nominal Account

Question 11.
Excess of Income over Expenditure, the result is …………….
Answer:
Real surplus Account

Question 12.
Excess of Expenditure over the Income, the result is …………….
Answer:
Definite Liability

III. Match the following

Question 13.

Answer:
(a) 4, 3, 1, 2

Question 14.

Answer:
(a) 4, 3, 1, 2

IV. Assertion and Reason:

Question 15.
Assertion : Life Membership Fee: Amount received towards life membership fee from the members is a capital receipt.
Reason : It is non – recurring nature.
(a) Assertion and Reason is correct
(b) Assertion is incorrect Reason is correct
(c) Assertion is correct
(d) Both are incorrect
Answer:
(a) Assertion and Reason is correct

Question 16.
Specific Donation : Assertion : Donation is received with a specific condition for a particular purpose like sports fund is a specific donations.
Reason : It is Capital Receipt.
(a) Assertion and Reason is incorrect
(b) Assertion and Reason is correct
(c) Assertion is correct Reason is incorrect
(d) Assertion is incorrect Reason is correct
Answer:
(b) Assertion and Reason is correct

Question 17.
Identify wrong statement about Entrance Fees
(a) Is a amount paid by a person at the time of becoming a member
(b) Is a income of Not-for-profit organisation
(c) It is a revenue receipt of organisation
(d) Is debited to Income and Expenditure Account
Answer:
(d) Is debited to Income and Expenditure Account

V. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the features of Not-for-profit-organisation?
Answer:

1. Main aim is service
2. Profit is not the criterion
3. Surplus not distributed among its members
4. Separate entity
5. Unique names connect their working
6. Management by elected persons

Question 2.
What are books maintained by Not-for-profit organisation?
Answer:

1. Cash Book
2. Ledger
3. Member’s Register
4. Register of Assets
5. Final Accounts: (a) Receipt and payments Account
6. Income and Expenditure Account
7. Balance Sheet

VI. Exercises:

Question 1.

Subscription of ₹ 9,000 is still in arrears for the year 2012 – 13. Prepare Income and Expenditure Account for 2013 – 2014.
Answer:
Income and Expenditure Account for the year 31.03.14

Question 2.

Answer:
Income and Expenditure Account for the year 31.3.14

Question 3.
What are the steps in preparation of Income and Expenditure from Receipts and Payments account?
Answer:

1. Opening and Closing balances of cash and bank a/cs in receipts and payment account must be excluded.

2. Capital receipts and capital expenditure must be excluded.

3. Only revenue receipts pertaining to the current year should be taken to the credit side of income and expenditure account. Due adjustments should be made for income received in advance income accrued for the current year and for the amount relating to the previous year or years.

4. Similarly revenue expenditure relating to the current year only must be taken in the debit side of income and expenditure account. Adjustment must be made for outstanding expenses of the previous year and current year and for the prepaid expenses of the previous year and current year.

5. Any income or expense relating to specific fund must not be taken to income and expenditure account.

6. Non – Cash items such as bad debts, depreciation, loss or gain on sale of assets etc. which are not recorded in receipt and payments account must be recorded in income and expenditure account.

7.The balancing figure of income and expenditure account is either surplus or deficit and will be transferred to capital fund in the balance sheet. If the total of credit side of income and expenditure account is more than the total of debit side (excess of income over expenditure), the difference represents surplus. If the debit side total income and expenditure is more than the total of credit side), the difference represents deficit.

Question 4.
Following is the summary of cash transactions of Friends Club for the year ended 31^st March 2016. Prepare Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31^st March 2016, and also Balance Sheet at that date.
Receipts and Payments Account

Additional Information:

1. In the beginning of the year, the club had books worth ₹ 3,00,000 and Furniture worth ₹ 58,000.
2. Subscription in Arrear 1^st April 2015 When ₹ 6,000 and ₹ 7,000 on 31st March 2016.
3. 18,000 was due by of Rent in the beginning as well at the end of the year.
4. Write off Rs. 5,000 from Furniture and ₹ 30,000 from Banks.

Balance Sheet as on 01.04.2015

Answer:
Friends Club:
Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended.

Balance Sheet as on 31.03.2016

Question 5.
From the following Receipts and Payments Account of Defence Club and from the information supplied, prepare Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31^st March 2016 and Balance Sheet as on that date.
Receipts and Payments Account for the year ended 31.3.2016

1. The Club has 50 members each paying an annual subscription of ₹ 2,500. Subscription outstanding in 31.03.2015 were to extent of ₹ 3,000
2. On 31^st March 2016, Salaries Outstanding amounted to ₹ 10,000. Salaries Paid in 2015 – 16 included ₹ 30,000 for the year 14 – 15
3. On 1^st April 2015, the Club owned Building valued @ ₹ 10,00,000; Furniture Worth of ₹ 1,00,000 and Books ₹ 1,00,000

Balance Sheet as on 1.4.2015

Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31.3.16

Balance Sheet as on 31.03.2016

Question 6.
From the following Receipts and Payments Account of Defence Club and from the information supplied, prepare Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31^st March 2016 and Balance sheet as on that date.
Receipts and Payments Accounts for the year ended 31^st March 2016

1. The Club has 50 members each paying an annual subscription of ₹ 2,500. Subscriptions outstanding on 31^st March, 2015 were to the extent of ₹ 30,000.
2. On 31^st March, 2016, Salaries Outstanding amounted to ₹ 10,000. Salaries Paid in 2015 – 16 included ₹ 30,000 for the year 2014 – 15
3. On 1^st April 2015, the Club owned building valued at ₹ 10,00,000. Furniture worth ₹ 1,00,000 and Books ₹ 1,00,000.

Answer:
Defence Club
Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31^st March, 2016

Balance Sheet as at 31^st March 2016

Working Notes 1. Calculation of Capital Fund as at 1^st April, 2015

Balance Sheet as at 31^st April, 2015

Question 7.
Following is the Receipts and Payments Account of the Mumbai Club for the year ended 31^st March 2016:
Receipts and Payments Accounts for the year ended 31^st March 2016

Additional Information:

1. Stationery Expenses, etc ₹ 3,120 related to 2014 – 15 still owing ₹ 3,640.
2. Subscription unpaid for 2015 – 16 ₹ 8,680; Special subscriptions for Governor’s party outstanding ₹ 5,500. Governor’s party is to be held in April 2016.
3. The Club owned sports materials of the value ₹ 1,60,000 on 1^st April, 2015. This was valued at ₹ 1,35,000 on 31^st March, 2016, stock includes sports materials of ₹ 5,000, which is to be written off being not usable. The club took a loan of ₹ 2,00,000 in 2014 – 15.

Prepare Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended on 31st March, 2016 and Balance Sheet as on that date.
Balance Sheet as on 1^st April 2015

Mumbai Club Income And Expenditure Account for the year ended 31^st March, 2016

Balance Sheet as on 31^st March, 2016

Question 8.
Distinction between Receipts and Payments Account and Cash Book.
Answer:

Students can Download Accountancy Chapter 1 Accounts from Incomplete Records Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Solutions Chapter 1 Accounts from Incomplete Records

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Accounts from Incomplete Records Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Solutions Chapter 1 Question 1.
Incomplete records are generally maintained by …………….
(a) A company
(b) Government
(c) Small sized sole trader business
(d) Multinational enterprises
Answer:
(c) Small sized sole trader business

12th Accountancy 1st Chapter Question 2.
Statement of affairs is a …………….
(a) Statement of income and expenditure
(b) Statement of assets and liabilities
(c) Summary of cash transactions
(d) Summary of credit transactions
Answer:
(b) Statement of assets and liabilities

12th Accountancy Chapter 1 Question 3.
Opening statement of affairs is usually prepared to find out the …………….
(a) Capital in the beginning of the year
(b) Capital at the end of the year
(c) Profit made during the year
(d) Loss occurred during the year
Answer:
(a) Capital in the beginning of the year

12th Accountancy 1st Chapter Solutions Question 4.
The excess of assets over liabilities is …………….
(a) Loss
(b) Cash
(c) Capital
(d) Profit
Answer:
(c) Capital

12th Accountancy Chapter 1 Exercise Sums Question 5.
Which of the following items relating to bills payable is transferred to total creditors account?
(a) Opening balance of bills payable
(b) Closing balance of bills payable
(c) Bills payable accepted during the year
(d) Cash paid for bills payable
Answer:
(c) Bills payable accepted during the year

12th Accountancy Chapter 1 Solutions Question 6.
The amount of credit sales can be computed from …………….
(a) Total debtors account
(b) Total creditors account
(c) Bills receivable account
(d) Bills payable account
Answer:
(a) Total debtors account

Accounts From Incomplete Records Class 12 Solutions Question 7.
Which one of the following statements is not true in relation to incomplete records?
(a) It is an unscientific method of recording transactions
(b) Records are maintained only for cash and personal accounts
(c) It is suitable for all types of organisations
(d) Tax authorities do not accept
Answer:
(c) It is suitable for all types of organisations

12 Accountancy Chapter 1 Question 8.
What is the amount of capital of the proprietor, if his assets are ₹ 85,000 and liabilities are ₹ 21,000?
(a) ₹ 85,000
(b) ₹ 1,06,000
(c) ₹ 21,000
(d) ₹ 64,000
Answer:
(d) ₹ 64,000

Accounts From Incomplete Records Class 12 Question 9.
When capital in the beginning is ₹ 10,000, drawings during the year is ₹ 6,000, profit made during the year is ₹ 2,000 and the additional capital introduced is ₹ 3,000, find out the amount of capital at the end …………….
(a) ₹ 9,000
(b) ₹ 11,000
(c) ₹ 21,000
(d) ₹ 3,000
Answer:
(a) ₹ 9,000

12th Accounts 1st Chapter Question 10.
Opening balance of debtors: ₹ 30,000, cash received: ₹ 1,00,000, credit sales: ₹ 90,000; closing balance of debtors is …………….
(a) ₹ 30,000
(b) ₹ 1,30,000
(c) ₹ 40,000
(d) ₹ 20,000
Answer:
(d) ₹ 20,000

II. Very Short Answer Questions

12th Accounts Chapter 1 Question 1.
What is meant by incomplete records?
Answer:

1. When accounting records are not strictly maintained according to double entry system, these records are called incomplete accounting records.
2. Generally, cash accounts and the personal accounts of customers and creditors are maintained fully and other accounts are maintained based on necessity.

12th Accountancy 1st Lesson Question 2.
State the accounts generally maintained by small sized sole trader when double entry accounting system is not followed.
Answer:
Generally cash account and the personal accounts of customers and creditors are maintained by small sized sole trader. When double entry accounting system is not followed.

Incomplete Records Accounting Questions Answers Pdf Question 3.
What is a statement of affairs?
Answer:
A statement of affairs is a statement showing the balances of assets and liabilities on a particular date. The balance of assets are shown on the right side and the balance of liabilities on the left side. This statement resembles a balance sheet. The difference between the total of assets and total of liabilities is taken as captial.
Capital = Assets – Liabilities.

III. Short Answer Questions

12th Account Chapter 1 Question 1.
What are the features of incomplete records?
Answer:
1. Nature:

• It is an unscientific and unsystematic way of recording transactions.
• Accounting principles and accounting standards are not followed properly.

2. Types of accounts maintained – In general only cash and personal accounts are maintained fully. Real accounts and nominal accounts are not maintained properly. Some transactions are correctly omitted.

3. Lack of uniformity – There is no uniformity in recording the transactions among different organisations. Different organisations record their transactions according to their needs and conveniences.

4. Financial statements may not represent true and fair view – Due to the incomplete information and inaccurate records of accounts, the profit or loss calculated from these records cannot be relied upon. It may not represent true profitability. Assets and liabilities may not represent a true and fair view of financial position.

5. Suitability – Only the business concerns which have no legal obligation to maintain books of accounts under double entry system may maintain incomplete records. Hence, it may be maintained by small sized sole traders and partnership firms.

6. Mixing up of personal and business transactions – Generally, personal transactions of the owners are mixed up the with the business transactions. For example, purchase of goods for own use may be mixed up along with business purchases.

12 Account Chapter 1 Question 2.
What are the limitations of incomplete records?
Answer:
Limitations of Incomplete records:
1. Lack of proper maintenance of records – It is an unscientific and unsystematic way of maintaining records. Real and nominal accounts are not maintained properly.

2. Difficulty in preparing trial balance – As accounts are not maintained for all items, the accounting records are incomplete. Hence, it is difficult to prepare trail balance to check the arithmetical accuracy of accounts.

3. Difficulty in ascertaining true profitability of the business – Profit is found out based on available information and estimates. Hence, it is difficult to prepare ascertain true profit as the trading and profit and loss account cannot be prepared with accuracy.

4. Difficulty in ascertaining financial position – In general, only the estimated values of assets and liabilities are available from incomplete records. Hence, it is difficult to ascertain true and fair view of state of affairs or financial position as on a particular date

5. Errors and frauds cannot be detected easily – As only partial records are available, it may not be possible to have internal checks in maintaining accounts to detect errors and frauds.

6. Unacceptable to government and other activities – As accounts maintained are incomplete, these may not comply with the legal requirements. Hence, government, tax authorities and other legal authorities do not accept accounts prepared from incomplete records.

Question 3.
State the differences between double entry system and incomplete records.
Answer:

Question 4.
State the procedure for calculating profit or loss through statement of affairs.
Answer:
The difference between the closing capital and the opening capital is taken as profit or loss of the business. Due adjustments are to be made for any withdrawal of capital from the business and for the additional capital introduced in the business.
Adjusting closing capital = Closing capital + Drawings – Opening capital.
Closing capital + Drawings – Additional capital – Opening capital = Proft/Loss.

Question 5.
Differentiate between statement of affairs and balance sheet.
Answer:

Question 6.
How is the amount of credit sale ascertained from incomplete records?
Answer:
Ascertainment of Credit Sales:-

IV. Exercises:

Question 1.
From the following particulars ascertain profit or loss:

Answer:
Statement of profit or Loss

Question 2.
From the following particulars ascertain profit or loss:

Answer:
Statement of profit or Loss

Question 3.
From the following details, calculate the missing figure:

Answer:
Statement of profit or Loss

Question 4.
From the following details, calculate the capital as on 31^st December 2018.

Answer:
Statement of profit or Loss

Question 5.
From the following details, calculate the missing figure:

Answer:
Statement of profit or Loss

Question 6.
Following are the balances in the books of Thomas as on 31^st March 2019.

Prepare a statement of affairs as on 31st March 2019 and calculate capital as at that date.
Answer:
Statement of profit or Loss

Question 7.
On 1^st April 2018 Subha started her business with a capital of ₹ 1,20,000. She did not maintain proper book of accounts. Following particulars are available from her books as on 31.3.2019.

During the year she withdrew ₹ 30,000 for her personal use. She introduced further capital of? 40,000 during the year. Calculate her profit or loss.
Answer:
Statement of Affairs

Statement of profit or Loss

Question 8.
Raju does not keep proper books of accounts. Following details are taken from his records.

During the year he introduced further capital of ₹ 50,000 and withdrew ₹ 2,500 per month from the business for his personal use. Prepare statement of profit or loss with the above information.
Answer:
Statement of Affairs

Statement of profit or Loss

Question 9.
Ananth does not keep his books under double entry system. Find the profit or loss made by him for the year ending 31^st March, 2019.

Ananth had withdrawn ₹ 60,000 for his personal use. He had introduced ₹ 17,000 as capita for expansion of his business. Create a provision of 5% on debtors. Plant and machinery is to be depreciated at 10%.
Answer:
Statement of Affairs

Statement of profit or Loss

Question 10.
Find out credit sales from the following information:

Answer:
Total / Sundry debtors Account

Question 11.
From the following details find out total sales made during the year.

Total / Sundry debtors Account

Total Sales = Cash Sales + Credit Sales
= 4, 60, 000 + 5, 40, 000
= 10, 00, 000

Question 12.
From the following particulars, prepare bills receivable account and compute the bills received from the debtors.

Answer:
Total/Bills Receivable Account

Question 13.
From the following particulars, calculate total sales.

Answer:
Bills Receivable Account

Debtors A/c

Total Sales = Cash Sales + Credit Sales
= 9, 85, 000 + 3, 15, 000
= ₹ 10, 00, 000

Question 14.
From the following details, calculate credit purchases.

Answer:
Total/ Sundry Creditors Account

Question 15.
From the following particulars calculate total purchases.

Answer:
Bills Payable Account

Total Creditors Account

Total purchases = Cash purchases + Credit purchases
Total purchases = 1, 55, 000 + 2, 25, 000
= Rs. 3, 80, 000

Question 16.
From the following details you are required to calculate credit sales and credit purchases by preparing total debtors account, total creditors account, bills receivable account and bills payable account.

Answer:
Bills Receivable A/c

Total debtors A/c

Bills Payable A/c

Total Creditors A/c

Question 17.
From the following details of Abdul who maintains incomplete records, prepare Trading and Profit and Loss account for the year ended 31^st March, 2018 and a Balance Sheet as on the date.

Other details:

Answer:
Total Debtors Account

Total Creditors Account

Trading Account for year ended 31^st March 2019

Profit/Loss Account for the year ended 31^st March 2019

Balance Sheet as on 31^st March 2019

Question 18.
Bharathi does not maintain her books of accounts under double entry system. From the following details prepare trading and profit and loss account for the year ending 31st March, 2019 and a balance sheet as on that date.

Cash Book

Other information:

Answer:
Total Debtors Account

Trading Account for that year ended 31^st March 2019

Profit/Loss Account for the year ended 31^st March 2019

Balance Sheet as on 31^st March 2019

Question 19.
Arjun carries on grocery business and does not keep his books on double entry basis. The following particulars have been extracted from his books:

Other information for the year ending 31 – 3 – 2019 showed the following:

Total sales during the year were ₹ 7, 70,000. Purchases returns during the year were ₹ 30, 000 and sales returns were ₹ 25, 000. Depreciate plant and machinery by 5%. Provide ₹ 1, 500 for doubtful debts. Prepare trading and profit and loss account for the year ending 31^st March, 2019 and a balance sheet as on the date.
Answer:
Statement of Affairs

Total Credit Account

Trading Account for year ended 31^st December 2019

Profit/Loss Account for the year ended 31^st December 2019

Balance Sheet as on 31^st December 2019

Question 20.
Selvam does not keep his books under double entry system. From the following information prepare trading and profit and loss account A/c and balance sheet as on 31 – 12 – 2018.

Adjustments:
Write off depreciation of 5% on furniture. Create a reserve of 1% on debtors for doubtful debts.
Answer:
Statement of affairs as on 1^st January, 2018
Answer:
Statement of Affairs as on ^st January, 2018

Trading Account for year ended 31^st December 2018

Profit/Loss Account for the year ended 31^st December 2018

Balance Sheet as on 31^st December 2018

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Solutions Accounts from Incomplete Records Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
Single entry system is …………….
(a) a scientific method
(b) an incomplete double entry system
(c) None of these
Answer:
(b) an incomplete double entry system

Question 2.
Single entry system will not be accepted by …………….
(a) Proprietor
(b) Partners
(c) Tax authorities
Answer:
(c) Tax authorities

Question 3.
Single entry system capital is calculated.
(a) Capital = Assets – Liabilities
(b) Assets = Capital – Liabilities
(c) Capital = Assets + Liabilities
(d) Assets = Liabilities – Capital
Answer:
(a) Capital = Assets – Liabilities

Question 4.
Credit Purchase is obtained from …………….
(a) Total Debtors Accounts
(b) Total Creditors Account
(c) Statement of Affairs
Answer:
(b) Total Creditors Account

Question 5.
Statement of Affairs is like a …………….
(a) Trading Account
(b) Profit and Loss Account
(c) Balance Sheet
Answer:
(c) Balance Sheet

II. Fill in the blanks

Question 6.
Statement of affairs method is also called ……………. method.
Answer:
Networth Method.

Question 7.
A statement of affairs resembles a …………….
Answer:
Balance Sheet.

Question 8.
Single entry system maintains ……………. and ……………. accounts.
Answer:
Cash, Personal.

Question 9.
A firm has assets worth ₹ 10,00,000 and Capital ₹ 2,25,000 then its liabilities is …………….
Answer:
₹ 7,75,000.

Question 10.
The difference between capital while beginning and capital at the end indicates ……………. of the business.
Answer:
Profit/Loss.

Question 11.
The excess of assets over liabilities is …………….
Answer:
Capital.

III. Match the following

Question 12.

Answer:
(i) 3

Question 13.

Answer:
(ii) 3

IV. Assertion & Reason

Question 14.
(A) Assertion: Bill receivable endorsed are debited to Creditors Account
(B) Reason: Bills receivable is received from Debtors is credited to Debtors A/c
(a) Both (A) and (B) are correct
(b) (A) is correct and (B) is in correct
(c) Both are correct
(d) (A) is incorrect but (B) is correct
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (B) are correct

V. True or False

Question 15.
Limited Companies are free to choose either single entry (or) Double entry system.
Answer:
False.

Question 16.
Under networth method profit is ascertained by calculating the increase in network after adjusting for drawing and addition to capital.
Answer:
True.

Question 17.
Net Profit is calculated to capital at the end + Drawing + Capital introduced – Capital in the beginning.
Answer:
False.

Question 18.
In this system personal accounts and cash accounts transaction are recorded.
Answer:
True.

VI. Very Short Answer Question

Question 1.
Define of Single Entry System.
Answer:
According to Kohler, “Single Entry System is a system of Book-keeping in which as a rule, only records of cash and personal accounts are maintained. It is always incomplete double entry system varying with circumstances.

VII. Exercise

Question 1.
Calculate the profit for the following information.

Answer:

Question 2.
Calculate opening capital

Answer:

Question 3.
Calculate the missing figure.

Answer:

Question 4.
Joseph maintains books in single entry. Following details are given from his books.

He has taken ₹ 40,000 from the business for his personal exp depreciate furniture by 10%. Prepare a statement showing profit or loss for the year 2001.
Answer:
Statement of Affairs on 1.1.2010 to 31.12.2010

Statement Profit

Question 5.
From the following details find out the credit purchases and total purchase.

Answer:
Bills Payable Account

Total Creditors Account

Credit Purchase ₹ 30,800
Total Purchases = Cr Purchases + Cash Purchases
= 30, 800 + 29, 000
= ₹ 59, 800

Question 6.
From the following information you are required to calculate total sales.

Answer:
Bills Receivable Account

Total Debtors Account

Total Sales = Cash Sales + Credit Sales
= 40, 900 + 95, 300
= ₹ 1,36,200

Question 7.
From the following particulars prepare the final accounts of Mrs. Meenakshi for the year ended 31.3.2004

Answer:
Total Debtors Account

Sundry Creditors Account

Question 8.
How to prepare the final accounts from incomplete records?
Answer:
When books of accounts are incomplete, information regarding revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities is not known fully. Hence it becomes difficult to prepare trading and profit and loss account and balance sheet.

Steps to be followed to prepare final accounts:

1. Opening statement of affairs is to be prepared to ascertain the opening capital.
2. Missing figures must be found out with available date. This can be done by preparing memorandum accounts or by making necessary adjustments to the existing figure.
   • It may become necessary to prepare a cash book find out missing items such as cash purchase and sales.
   • By preparing total debtors and total creditors A/c credit sales and credit purchases can be ascertained.
   • Bills Receivable, Bills Payable A/cs are to be prepared to find out the balance of Bills Receivable. Bills Payable accepted.
3. The final step is to prepare trading and profit and loss A/c and balance sheet.

Question 9.
Kumaran, a trader does not keep proper books of account. However he furnishes you the following particulars.

During the year Kumaran introduced ? 6,000 as further capital and withdrew ? 4,000 as drawings. Write off Depreciation on furniture at 10% and on office equipment at 5% Prepare a statement showing the profit or loss made by him for the year ended 31st March, 2013.
Answer:
Statement of Affairs as on 31^st March 2012

Statement of Affairs as on 31^st March 2013

Statement of Profit/Loss for the year ended 31^st March 2013

Students can Download Accountancy Chapter 5 Admission of a Partner Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Solutions Chapter 5 Admission of a Partner

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Admission of a Partner Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

12th Accountancy 5th Chapter Solutions Question 1.
Revaluation A/c is a ……………..
(a) Real A/c
(b) Nominal A/c
(c) Personal A/c
(d) Impersonal A/c
Answer:
(b) Nominal A/c

12th Accountancy Chapter 5 Solutions Question 2.
On revaluation, the increase in the value of assets leads to ……………..
(a) Gain
(b) Loss
(c) Expense
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Gain

Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 5 Solutions Question 3.
The profit or loss on revaluation of assets and liabilities is transferred to the capital account of ……………..
(a) The old partners
(b) The new partner
(c) All the partners
(d) The Sacrificing partners
Answer:
(a) The old partners

12th Accountancy Chapter 5 Question 4.
If the old profit sharing ratio is more than the new profit sharing ratio of a partner, the difference is called ……………..
(a) Capital ratio
(b) Sacrificing ratio
(c) Gaining ratio
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Sacrificing ratio

12th Accounts Chapter 5 Solutions Question 5.
At the time of admission, the goodwill brought by the new partner may be credited to the capital accounts of ……………..
(a) all the partners
(b) the old partners
(c) the new partner
(d) the sacrificing partners
Answer:
(d) the sacrificing partners

Accountancy Class 12 Chapter 5 Solutions Question 6.
Which of the following statements is not true in relation to admission of a partner?
(a) Generally mutual rights of the partners change
(b) The profits and losses of the previous years are distributed to the old partners
(c) The firm is reconstituted under a new agreement
(d) The existing agreement does not come to an end
Answer:
(d) The existing agreement does not come to an end

Accountancy Chapter 5 Class 12 Question 7.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Answer:
(b) 3 2 4 1

Class 12th Accounts Chapter 5 Solutions Question 8.
Select the odd one out:
(a) Revaluation profit
(b) Accumulated loss
(c) Goodwill brought by new partner
(d) Investment fluctuation fund
Answer:
(c) Goodwill brought by new partner

12th Accountancy 5th Chapter Solutions Pdf Question 9.
James and Kamal are sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3. They admit Sunil as a partner giving him 1/5 share of profits. Find out the sacrificing ratio.
(a) 1:3
(b) 3:1
(c) 5:3
(d) 3:5
Answer:
(c) 5:3

Accounts Chapter 5 Class 12 Solutions Question 10.
Balaji and Kamalesh are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2:1. They admit Yogesh into partnership. The new profit sharing ratio between Balaji, Kamalesh and Yogesh is agreed to 3:1:1. Find the sacrificing ratio between Balaji and Kamalesh.
(a) 1:3
(b) 3:1
(c) 2:1
(d) 1:2
Answer:
(d) 1:2

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 12th Accountancy Question 1.
What is meant by revaluation of assets and liabilities?
Answer:
When a partner is admitted into the partnership the assets and liabilities are revealed as the current value may differ from the book value. Determination of
current values of assets and liabilities is called revaluation of assets and liabilities.

Chapter 5 Accounts Class 12 Question 2.
How are accumulated profits and losses distributed among the partners at the time of admission of a new partner?
Answer:
Profits and losses of previous years which are not distributed to the partners are called accumulated profit and losses. This belong to the old partners and hence these should be distributed to the old partners in the old profit sharing ratio.

Chapter 5 Accounts Class 12 Solutions Question 3.
What is sacrificing ratio?
Answer:
Sacrificing ratio is the proportion of the profit which is sacrificed or foregone by the old partners in favour of the new partner. The purpose of finding the sacrificing ratio is to share the goodwill brought in by the new partner.
Sacrifice Ratio = Old share – New share

Chapter 5 Class 12 Accounts Question 4.
Give the journal entry for writing off existing goodwill at the time of admission of a new partner.
Answer:
Journal Entry

Std 12 Account Chapter 5 Question 5.
State whether the following will be debited or credited in the revaluation account.

1. Depreciation on assets
2. Unrecorded liability
3. Provision for outstanding expenses
4. Appreciation of assets

Answer:

1. Depreciation on assets – Debited
2. Unrecorded liability – Debited
3. Provision for outstanding expenses – Debited
4. Appreciation of assets – Debited

III. Short Answer Questions

12th Accountancy 3rd Chapter Solutions Question 1.
What are the adjustments required at the time of admission of a partner?
Answer:
The following adjustments are necessary at the time of admission of a partner.

1. Distribution of accumulated profits, reserves and losses
2. Revaluation of assets and liabilities
3. Determination of new profit sharing ratio and sacrificing ratio
4. Adjustment for goodwill
5. Adjustment of capital on the basis of new profit sharing ratio

12th Accountancy 6th Chapter Solutions Question 2.
What are the journal entries to be passed on revaluation of assets and liabilities?
Answer:

Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 5 Question 3.
Write a short note on accounting treatment of goodwill.
Answer:
1. For the goodwill brought in cash credited to old partner’s capital account

2. For the goodwill brought in kind (in the form of asset) credited to old partner’s capital account

3. For withdrawal of cash received for goodwill by the old partners

III. Exercises

Chapter 5 Admission Of A Partner Question 1.
Arul and Anitha are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4 : 3. On 31.3.2018, Ajay was admitted as a partner. On the date of admission, the book of the firm showed a general reserve of ₹ 42,000. Pass the journal entry to distribute the general reserve.
Answer:

Ch 5 Accounts Class 12 Question 2.
Anjali and Nithya are partners of a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5 : 3. They admit Pramila on 1.1.2018. On that date, their balance sheet showed accumulated loss of ₹ 40,000 on the asset side of the balance sheet. Give the journal entry to transfer the accumulated loss on admission.
Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Solutions Chapter 1 Question 3.
Oviya and Kavya are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3. They admit Agalya into the partnership. Their balance sheet as on 31^st March, 2019 is as follows:
Balance Sheet as on 31^st March 2019

Pass journal entry to transfer the accumulated profits and reserve on admission.

Question 4.
Hari, Madhavan and Kesavan are partners, sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2. As from 1^st April 2017, Vanmathi is admitted into the partnership and the new profit sharing ratio is decided as 4:3:2:1. The following adjustments are to be made.

1. Increase the value of premises by ₹ 60,000.
2. Depreciate stock by ₹ 5,000, furniture by ₹ 2,000 and machinery by ₹ 2,500.
3. Provide for an outstanding liability of ₹ 500.

Pass journal entries and prepare revaluation account.
Journal Entries

Revaluation Account

Question 5.
Seenu and Siva are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3. In the view of Kowsalya admission, they decided

1. To increase the value of building by ₹ 40,000.
2. To bring into record investments at ₹ 10,000, which have not so far been brought into account.
3. To decrease the value of machinery by ₹ 14,000 and furniture by ₹ 12,000.
4. To write off sundry creditors by ₹ 16,000.

Pass journal entries and prepare revaluation account.

Revaluation Account

Question 6.
Sai and Shankar are partners, sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5 : 3. The firm’s balance sheet as on 31^st December, 2017, was as follows:

On 31^st December, 2017 Shanmugam was admitted into the partnership for 1/4 share of profit with ₹ 12,000 as capital subject to the following adjustments.

1. Furniture is to be revalued at ₹ 5,000 and building is to be revalued at ₹ 50,000
2. Provision for doubtful debts is to be increased to ₹ 5,500
3. An unrecorded investment of ₹ 6,000 is to be brought into account
4. An unrecorded liability ₹ 2,500 has to be recorded now

Pass journal entries and prepare Revaluation Account and capital account of partners after admission.
Journal Entries

Revaluation Account

Capital Account

Question 7.
Amal and Vimal are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 7 : 5. Their balance sheet as on 31^st March, 2019, is as follows:

Nirmal is admitted as a new partner on 1.4.2018 by introducing a capital of 30,000 for 1/3 share in the future profit subject to the following adjustments.

1. Stock to be depreciated by ₹ 5,000
2. Provision for doubtful debts to be created for ₹ 3,000
3. Land to be appreciated by ₹ 20,000

Prepare revaluation account and capital account of partners after admission.
Answer:
Revaluation Account

Capital Account

Question 8.
Praveena and Dhanya are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 7 : 3. They admit Malini into the firm. The new ratio among Praveena, Dhanya and Malini is 5 : 2 : 3. Calculate the sacrificing ratio.
Answer:
Sacrificing Ratio = Old Ratio – New Ratio
Praveena = \(\frac { 7 }{ 10 }\) – \(\frac { 5 }{ 10 }\) = \(\frac { 2 }{ 10 }\)
Dhanya = \(\frac { 3 }{ 10 }\) – \(\frac { 2 }{ 10 }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\)
Sacrificing Ratio = 2 : 1

Question 9.
Ananth and Suman are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2. They admit Saran for 1/5 share, which he acquires entirely from Ananth. Find out the new profit sharing ratio and sacrificing ratio.
Answer:
New Profit Sharing Ratio:
Ananth = \(\frac { 3 }{ 5 }\) – \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\) = \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\)
Suman = \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) – = \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\)
Ananth = \(\frac { 1}{ 5 }\) – = \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\)
New Profit sharing Ratio = 2 : 2 : 1
Sacrificing Ratio = 1 : 0

Question 10.
Raja and Ravi are partners, sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2. They admit Ram for 1/4 share of the profit. He takes 1/20 share from Raja and 4/20 from Ravi. Calculate the new profit sharing ratio and sacrificing ratio.
Answer:
New Profit Sharing Ratio = Old Ratio – Sacrificing Ratio
Raja = \(\frac { 3 }{ 5 }\) – \(\frac { 1 }{ 20 }\) = \(\frac { 12 – 1 }{ 20 }\) = \(\frac { 11 }{ 20 }\)
Ravi = \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) – \(\frac { 4 }{ 20 }\) = \(\frac { 8 – 4 }{ 20 }\) = \(\frac { 4 }{ 20 }\)
Ram = \(\frac { 1 }{ 20 }\) + \(\frac { 4 }{ 20 }\) = \(\frac { 5 }{ 20 }\)
New Profit sharing Ratio = 11 : 4 : 5
Sacrificing Ratio = \(\frac { 1 }{ 20 }\) : \(\frac { 4 }{ 20 }\)

Question 11.
Vimala and Kamala are partners, sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4:3. Vinitha enters into the partnership and she acquires 1/14 from Vimala and 1/14 from Kamala. Find out the new profit sharing ratio and sacrificing ratio.
Answer:
New Profit Sharing Ratio = Old Ratio – Sacrificing Ratio
Vimala = \(\frac { 4 }{ 7 }\) – \(\frac { 1 }{ 14 }\) = \(\frac { 8 – 1 }{ 14 }\) = \(\frac { 7 }{ 14 }\)
Kamala = \(\frac { 3 }{ 7 }\) – \(\frac { 1 }{ 14 }\) = \(\frac { 6 – 1 }{ 14 }\) = \(\frac { 5 }{ 14 }\)
Vinitha = \(\frac { 1 }{ 14 }\) + \(\frac { 1 }{ 14 }\) = \(\frac { 2 }{ 14 }\)
New Profit Sharing Ratio = 7 : 5 : 2
Sacrificing Ratio = 1 : 1

Question 12.
Govind and Gopal are partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 5 : 4. They admit Rahim as a partner. Govind surrenders 2/9 of his share in favour of Rahim. Gopal surrenders 1/9 of his share in favour of Rahim. Calculate the new profit sharing ratio and sacrificing ratio.
Answer:
New Profit Sharing Ratio:
Govind = \(\frac { 5 }{ 9 }\) x \(\frac { 2 }{ 9 }\) = \(\frac { 10 }{ 81 }\) ; \(\frac { 5 }{ 9 }\) – \(\frac { 10 }{ 81 }\) = \(\frac { 45 – 10 }{ 81 }\) = \(\frac { 35 }{ 81 }\)
Gopal = \(\frac { 4 }{ 9 }\) x \(\frac { 1 }{ 9 }\) = \(\frac { 4 }{ 81 }\) ; \(\frac { 3 }{ 8 }\) – \(\frac { 3 }{ 64 }\) = \(\frac { 24 – 3 }{ 64 }\) = \(\frac { 21 }{ 64 }\)
Rahim = \(\frac { 2 }{ 9 }\) + \(\frac { 1 }{ 9 }\) = \(\frac { 3 }{ 9 }\) ; \(\frac { 10 }{ 81 }\) + \(\frac { 4 }{ 81 }\) = \(\frac { 14 }{ 81 }\)
New Profit Sharing Ratio = 35 : 32 : 14
Sacrificing Ratio = \(\frac { 10 }{ 81 }\) : \(\frac { 4 }{ 81 }\) = 5 : 2

Question 13.
Prema and Chandra share profits in the ratio of 5:3. Hema is admitted as a partner. Prema surrendered 1/8 of her share and Chandra surrendered 1/8 of her share in favour of Hema. Calculate the new profit sharing ratio and sacrificing ratio.
Answer:
New Profit Sharing Ratio:
Prema = \(\frac { 5 }{ 8 }\) x \(\frac { 1 }{ 8 }\) = \(\frac { 5 }{ 64 }\) ; \(\frac { 5 }{ 8 }\) – \(\frac { 5 }{ 64 }\) = \(\frac { 40 – 5 }{ 64 }\) = \(\frac { 35 }{ 64 }\)
Chandra = \(\frac { 3 }{ 8 }\) x \(\frac { 1 }{ 8 }\) = \(\frac { 3 }{ 64 }\) ; \(\frac { 3 }{ 8 }\) – \(\frac { 3 }{ 64 }\) = \(\frac { 24 – 3 }{ 64 }\) = \(\frac { 21 }{ 64 }\)
Hema = \(\frac { 5 }{ 64 }\) + \(\frac { 3 }{ 64 }\) = \(\frac { 8 }{ 64 }\)
New Profit Sharing Ratio = 35 : 21 : 8
Sacrificing Ratio = 5 : 3

Question 14.
Karthik and Kannan are equal partners. They admit Kailash with 1/4 share of the profit. Kailash acquired his share from old partners in the ratio of 7:3. Calculate the new profit sharing ratio and sacrificing ratio.
New Profit Sharing Ratio:
Karthik = \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 }\) x \(\frac { 7 }{ 10 }\) = \(\frac { 7 }{ 40 }\) ; \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) – \(\frac { 7 }{ 40 }\) = \(\frac { 20 – 7 }{ 40 }\) = \(\frac { 13 }{ 40 }\)
Kannan = \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 }\) x \(\frac { 3 }{ 10 }\) = \(\frac { 3 }{ 40 }\) ; \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) – \(\frac { 3 }{ 40 }\) = \(\frac { 20 – 3 }{ 40 }\) = \(\frac { 17 }{ 40 }\)
Kailash = \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 }\) x 10 = \(\frac { 10 }{ 40 }\)
New Profit Sharing Ratio = 13 : 17 : 10
Sacrificing Ratio = 7 : 3

Question 15.
Selvam and Senthil are partners sharing profit in the ratio of 2:3. Siva is admitted into the firm with 1/5 share of profit. Siva acquires equally from Selvam and Senthil. Calculate the new profit sharing ratio and sacrificing ratio.
Answer:
New Profit Sharing Ratio:
Siva’s share = \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\) x \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\)
Selvam’s share = \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) – \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\) = \(\frac { 4 – 1 }{ 10 }\) = \(\frac { 3 }{ 10 }\)
Senthil’s share = \(\frac { 3 }{ 5 }\) – \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\) = \(\frac { 6 – 1 }{ 10 }\) = \(\frac { 5 }{ 10 }\)
Siva’s share = \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\) + \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\) = \(\frac { 2 }{ 10 }\)
New Profit sharing Ratio = 3 : 5 : 2
Sacrificing Ratio = 1 : 1

Question 16.
Mala and Anitha are partners, sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2. Mercy is admitted into the partnership with 1/5 share in the profits. Calculate new profit sharing ratio and sacrificing ratio.
Answer:
Calculate New Profit Sharing Ratio = 1 – \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\) = \(\frac { 4 }{ 5 }\)
Mala = \(\frac { 3 }{ 5 }\) x \(\frac { 4 }{ 5 }\) = \(\frac { 12 }{ 25 }\)
Anitha = \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) x \(\frac { 4 }{ 5 }\) = \(\frac { 8 }{ 25 }\)
Mercy = \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\) x 5 = \(\frac { 5 }{ 25 }\)
New Profit Sharing Ratio = 12 : 8 : 5
Sacrificing Ratio = Old share – New share
Mala = \(\frac { 3 }{ 5 }\) – \(\frac { 12 }{ 25 }\) = \(\frac { 15 – 12}{ 25 }\) = \(\frac { 3 }{ 25 }\)
Anitha = \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) – \(\frac { 8 }{ 25 }\) = \(\frac { 2 }{ 25 }\)
Sacrificing Ratio = 3 : 2

Question 17.
Ambika, Dharani and Padma are partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 5:3:2. They admit Ramya for 25% profit. Calculate the new profit sharing ratio and sacrificing ratio.
Answer:
Ramya share = 25% = 100% – 25% = 75% = \(\frac { 3 }{ 4 }\)
Ambika’s share = \(\frac { 5 }{ 10 }\) x \(\frac { 3 }{ 4 }\) = \(\frac { 15 }{ 40 }\)
Dharani’s share = \(\frac { 3 }{ 10 }\) x \(\frac { 3 }{ 4 }\) = \(\frac { 9 }{ 40 }\)
Padma’s share = \(\frac { 2 }{ 10 }\) x \(\frac { 3 }{ 4 }\) = \(\frac { 6 }{ 40 }\)
Mercy’s share
New Profit Sharing Ratio
Sacrificing Ratio = Old share – New share
Ambika’s share = \(\frac { 5 }{ 10 }\) – \(\frac { 15 }{ 40 }\) = \(\frac { 20 – 15 }{ 40 }\) = \(\frac { 5 }{ 40 }\)
Dharani’s share = \(\frac { 3 }{ 10 }\) – \(\frac { 9 }{ 40 }\) = \(\frac { 12 – 9 }{ 40 }\) = \(\frac { 3 }{ 40 }\)
Padma’s share = \(\frac { 2 }{ 10 }\) – \(\frac { 6 }{ 40 }\) = \(\frac { 8 – 6 }{ 40 }\) = \(\frac { 2 }{ 40 }\)
Sacrificing Ratio = 5 : 3 : 2

Question 18.
Aparna and Priya are partners who share profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2. Brindha joins the firm for 1/5 share of profits and brings in cash for her share of goodwill of ₹ 10,000. Pass necessary journal entry for adjusting goodwill on the assumption that the fluctuating capital method is followed and the partners withdraw the entire amount of their share of goodwill.
Adjustment of goodwill
Journal Entries

Question 19.
Deepak, Senthil and Santhosh are partners sharing profits and losses equally. They admit Jerald into partnership for 1/3 share in future profits. The goodwill of the firm is valued at ₹ 45,000 and Jerald brought cash for his share of goodwill. The existing partners withdraw half of the amount of their share of goodwill. Pass necessary journal entries for adjusting goodwill on the assumption that the fluctuating capital method is followed.
Journal Entries

Jerald’s Share of goodwill = ₹ 45000 x 1/3 = ₹ 1,500
As the sacrifice made by the existing partners is not mentioned. It is assumed that they sacrifice in their old share profit ratio = 1 : 1 : 1.
Therefore, Sacrificing ratio = 1 : 1 : 1.

Question 20.
Malathi and Shobana are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5 : 4. They admit Jayasri into partnership for 1/3 share of profit. Jayasri pays cash ₹ 6,000 towards her share of goodwill. The new ratio is 3 : 2 : 1. Pass necessary journal entry for adjusting goodwill on the assumption that the fixed capital method is followed.
Adjusting Goodwill: Old share – New Share
Malathi’s share = \(\frac { 5 }{ 9 }\) – \(\frac { 3 }{ 6 }\) = \(\frac { 10 – 9 }{ 18 }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 18 }\)
Shobana’s share = \(\frac { 4 }{ 9 }\) – \(\frac { 2 }{ 6 }\) = \(\frac { 8 – 6 }{ 18 }\) = \(\frac { 2 }{ 18 }\)

Question 21.
Anu and Arul were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4 : 1. They have decided to admit Mano into the firm for 2/5 share of profits. The goodwill of the firm on the date of admission was valued at ₹ 25,000. Mano is not able to bring in cash for his share of goodwill. Pass necessary journal entry for goodwill on the assumption that the fluctuating capital method is followed.
Answer:
Mano’s shares: 25000 x \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) = Rs 10000

Question 22.
Varun and Barath are partners sharing profits and losses 5 : 4. They admit Dhamu into partnership. The new profit sharing ratio is agreed at 1 : 1 : 1. Dhamu’s share of goodwill is valued at ₹ 15,000 of which he pays ₹ 10,000 in cash. Pass necessary journal entries for adjustment of goodwill on the assumption that the fluctuating capital method is followed.
Answer:
Dhamu’s share of goodwill against sacrificing ratio:
Sacrificing Ratio = Old share – New share
Varun = \(\frac { 5 }{ 9 }\) – \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\) = \(\frac { 5 – 3 }{ 9 }\) = \(\frac { 2 }{ 9 }\)
Barath = \(\frac { 4 }{ 9 }\) – \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\) = \(\frac { 4 – 3 }{ 9 }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 9 }\)
Goodwill value = \(\frac { 15000 }{ 3 }\) = ₹ 5000.

Question 23.
Sam and Jose are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2. On 1^st April 2018, they admitted Joel as a partner. On the date of Joel’s admission, goodwill appeared in the books of the firm at ₹ 30,000. By assuming fluctuating capital method, pass the necessary journal entry if the partners decide to

1. write off the entire amount of existing goodwill
2. write off ₹ 20,000 of the existing goodwill.

Answer:
Journal Entries
(a) Write off the entire amount of existing goodwill

(b) Write off ₹ 20,000 of the existing goodwill

Question 24.
Raj an and Selva are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:1. Their balance sheet as on 31^st March 2017 is as under:

On 1.4.2017, they admit Ganesan as a new partner on the following arrangements:

1. Ganesan brings ₹ 10,000 as capital for 1/5 share of profit.
2. Stock and furniture is to be reduced by 10%, a reserve of 5% on debtors for doubtful debts is to be created.
3. Appreciate buildings by 20%.

Prepare revaluation account, partners’ capital account and the balance sheet of the firm after admission.
Revaluation Account

Capital Account

Balance Sheet

Question 25.
Sundar and Suresh are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 3:2. Their balance sheet as on 1^st January, 2017 was as follows:

They decided to admit Sugumar into partnership for 1/4 share in the profits on the following terms:

1. Sugumar has to bring in ₹ 30,000 as capital. His share of goodwill is valued at ₹ 5,000. He could not bring cash towards goodwill.
2. That the stock be valued at ₹ 20, 000.
3. That the furniture be depreciated by ₹ 2,000.
4. That the value of building be depreciated by 20%.

Prepare necessary ledger accounts and the balance sheet after admission.
Answer:
Revaluation Account

Capital Account

Balance Sheet as on 31.12.17

Question 26.
The following is the balance sheet of Janies and Justina as on 1.1.2017. They share the profits and losses equally.

On the above date, Balan is admitted as a partner with 1/5 share in future profits. Following are the terms for his admission:

1. Balan brings ₹ 25,000 as capital.
2. His share of goodwill is ₹ 10,000 and he brings cash for it.
3. The assets are to be valued as under:

Building ₹ 80,000; Debtors ₹ 18,000; Stock ₹ 33,000 Prepare necessary ledger accounts and the balance sheet after admission.
Answer:
Revaluation Account

Capital Account

Cash Account

Balance Sheet as on 01.01.2017

Question 27.
Anbu and Shankar are partners in a business sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 7 : 5. The balance sheet of the partners on 31.03.2018 is as follows:

Rajesh is admitted for 1/5 share on the following terms:

1. Goodwill of the firm is valued at ₹ 80,000 and Rajesh brought cash ₹ 6,000 for his share of goodwill.
2. Rajesh is to bring ₹ 1,50,000 as his capital.
3. Motor car is valued at ₹ 2,00,000; stock at ₹ 3,80,000 and debtors at ₹ 3,50,000.
4. Anticipated claim on workmen compensation fund is ₹ 10,000
5. Unrecorded investment of ₹ 5,000 has to be brought into account.

Prepare revaluation account, capital accounts and balance sheet after Rajesh’s admission.
Revaluation Account

Capital Account

Balance Sheet as on 31.03.2018

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Accountancy Admission of a Partner Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
At the time of admission of a partner calculation of new profit ratio is ………………
(a) not necessary
(b) necessary
(c) optional
Answer:
(b) necessary

Question 2.
In admission, undistributed profit or loss transferred to ………………
(a) New Partners only
(b) Old Partners only
(c) All the Partners
Answer:
(b) Old Partners only

Question 3.
To get sacrificing ratio should be deducted from old share ………………
(a) Gaining share
(b) New share
(c) Neither of the two
Answer:
(b) new share

Question 4.
A person who is admitted to the firm is known as ………………
(a) Outgoing partners
(b) Incoming partner
(c) Both
Answer:
(b) incoming partner

Question 5.
At the time of admission of a new partner the following are revalued ………………
(a) Assets
(b) Liabilities
(c) Both
Answer:
(c) Both

Question 6.
New profit ratio is calculated at the time of admission, by deducting ………………
(a) Sacrifice from the old ratio
(b) Old ratio from the sacrifice
(c) Sacrifice from the new ratio
Answer:
(a) Sacrifice from the old ratio

Question 7.
On the admission of a new partner ………………
(a) Old firm has to be dissolved
(b) Old partnership has to be dissolved
(c) Both old firm and partnership have to be dissolved
(d) Neither partnership nor firm has to be dissolved
Answer:
(b) Old partnership has to be dissolved

Question 8.
When a new partner brings his share of goodwill in cash, the amount is debited to ………………
(a) Premium A/c
(b) Cash A/c
(c) Capital A/c of old partner
(d) Capital A/c of new partner
Answer:
(b) Cash A/c

Question 9.
Goodwill already appearing in the Balance sheet at the time of admission of a partner is transferred to ………………
(a) New Partners’ Capital A/c
(b) Old Partners’ Capital A/c
(c) Revaluation A/c
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Old Partners’ Capital A/c

Students can Download English Poem 1 The Castle Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem Chapter 1 The Castle

Warm Up:

The Castle Poem Question And Answer Question (a)
What thoughts come to your mind when or/you think about a castle? Add your ideas to the list.
Answer:
moat, huge buildings, soldiers, weapons gatehouse, look outs.

12th English The Castle Poem Paragraph Question (b)
Have you ever visited a fort or a castle?
Answer:
Yes I have visited the red Fort in Delhi

The Castle Poem Question (c)
Fill in the following empty boxes.

Name	Location
Fort St. George	Chennai
Gingee Fort
Golconda Fort
Red Fort

Answer:

Name	Location
Fort St. George	Chennai
Gingee Fort	Villupuram District
Golconda Fort	Hyderabad
Red Fort	Delhi

 

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English The Castle Textual Questions

1. Based on your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

12th English Reference To The Context Question (a)
Who is the narrator in the poem?
Answer:
A soldier is the narrator in the poem.

12th English Poem Appreciation Questions And Answers Question (b)
How long had the soldiers been in the castle?
Answer:
The soldiers had been in the castle all through the summer.

The Castle Poem Summary Question (c)
Why were the soldiers in the castle fearless?
Answer:
They were fearless because they were behind a well-guarded castle headed by a brave captain. Allies were close at hand and they had adequate arms to fight and foodgrains to sustain them under a siege.

12th English Poem Appreciation Questions Question (d)
Where were the enemies?
Answer:
Of course yes. There were enemies.

The Castle Poem 12th Question (e)
Why does the narrator say that the enemy was no threat at all?
Answer:
Soldiers behind the turret wall were ready to shoot the enemy at sight. The castle was surrounded by a deadly moat. The captain was brave and the soldiers loyal. Allies were close at hand. Hence, the enemy was no threat at all.

The Castle Poem Summary Pdf Question (f)
Did the soldiers fight with the enemies face to face?
Answer:
No, the soldiers did not fight with their enemies face to face.

12th English The Castle Poem Summary Question (g)
Who had let the enemies in?
Answer:
The aged greedy wicket gate keeper had let the enemy in.

The Castle Poem Appreciation Questions Question (h)
How did the enemies enter the castle?
Answer:
The enemies bribed the warder with gold coins. He opened the wicket gate and the castle was captured without bloodshed and fight.

Question (i)
Why were the secret galleries bare?
Answer:
The secret galleries were looted by the cunning enemies. So, they were bare.

Question (f)
What was the ‘shameful act’?
Answer:
Being sold to an enemy and losing the castle without heroic fight is a ‘shameful act’.

Question (k)
Why didn’t the narrator want to tell the tale to anybody?
Answer:
The narrator did not want to tell the shameful act because it will expose the greed of the aged warder. He had sold them all for a bag of gold. They did not have any weapon to fight the invisible enemy within.

Question (l)
Why did the narrator feel helpless?
Answer:
The narrator felt helpless because they could not fight gold. The greed for gold is an invisible and internal enemy and they had no weapon to fight it with. So, they felt helpless.

Question (m)
Who was the real enemy?
Answer:
“The gold” was their real enemy.

2. Read the poem again and complete the summary using the words given in box.
Stanzas 1-3

half-a-kilometre	watching	castle
brave	ration	capture
plenty	confident

The Castle ’ by Edwin Muir is a moving poem on the (1) _____ of a well-guarded (2) _____ The soldiers of the castle were totally stress-free and relaxed. They were (3) _____ of theircastle’s physical strength. Through the turrets they were able to watch the mowers and noenemy was found up to the distance of (4) _____ and so they seemed no threat to the castle.They had (5) _____ of weapons to protect them and a large quantity of (6) _____ in stock to take care of the well-being of the soldiers inside the castle. The soldiers stood one above theother on the towering (7) _____ to shoot the enemy at sight. They believed that the castle was absolutely safe because their captain was (8) _____ and the soldiers were loyal.

Answers

1. capture
2. castle
3. confident
4. half-a-kilometre
5. plenty
6. ration
7. watching
8. brave

Stanzas 4-6

lamented	shameful	wicked guard	bait
let	gold	gold	weapon
weapon	citadel	weak	weak
disloyalty	helpless	enemy	enemy

Even by a trick no one but the birds could enter. The enemy could not use a (9) ______ for their entry inside the castle. But there was a wicket gate guarded by a (10) ______ He (11) ______ in the enemies confident inside the famous citadel that had been known for its secret gallery and intricate path. The strong castle became (12) ______ and thin because of the greedy disloyal warder. The (13) ______ was captured by the enemies for (14) ______ The narrator (15) ______ over the (16) ______ of the useless warder and also decided not to disclose this (17) ______ story to anyone. He was (18) ______ and wondered how he would keep this truth to himself. He regretted not finding any (19) ______ to fight with the (20) ______ called ‘gold’.

Answer:

9.weapon
10. wicked guard
11. let
12. weak
13. citadel
14. gold
15. lamented
16. disloyalty
17. shameful
18. helpless
19. enemy
20. bait

3. Read the poem and answer the following in a short paragraph of 8-10 sentences each.

Question (a)
How safe was the castle? How was it conquered?
Answer:
The castle was fortified by a deep moat very difficult for an enemy to cross. They had a stock pile of arms. Their captain was brave and the soldiers loyal. They had a huge stock of foodgrains to last any siege of the castle. Allies were ready to pitch in at a short notice. From the turret wall, soldiers were ready to shoot down the enemy at sight. Not a single enemy was spotted all through the summer. The soldiers were relaxed and spent time gazing at the mowers in the distant fields. But the castle’s wicket gate was guarded by an aged greedy gatekeeper. The warder collected gold from the enemy and let the enemies in. Their enemy was gold against which they had no weapon. Their castle fell to the greed of an aged warder.

Question (b)
Bring out the contrasting picture of the castle as depicted in stanzas 3 and 5.
Answer:
The gates of the castle were very strong. The walls were high and smooth. No enemy could ever enter it by trick. The soldiers were quite alert to the movement of the enemies. They were proud that only a bird could venture to scale over the castle. But the enemies entered through the wicket gate. The tunnelled stone walls became thin and treacherous. The famous citadel ‘ was overthrown without a fight. The cunning enemies, having bribed the aged warder, looted the treasures in the secret galleries. The citadel was lost without a fight and a groan of protest.

Question (c)
Human greed led to the mighty fall of the citadel. Explain.
Answer:
The loyal soldiers and their brave captain expected enemies from outside the castle. Their arms and army was ready to fight them. But they could not identify the enemy within. The soldiers were proud that no might would tear their castle down. But they were unaware of the • invisible soul-dead enemy within. The ingredients of personal downfall went unnoticed by them. If a person never looks within, the faults that can be their doom go overlooked. Their reality could crumble while they gaze outward and pride themselves on their sureness. This is what happened precisely with the soldiers of the castle. They only focused on the strength of their physical surroundings and what was beyond the castle. Human greed-propelled betrayal from within caused the castle’s downfall.

Additional Questions

Question (a)
Why did the narrator say that their “only enemy was gold”?
Answer:
The narrator was very proud of the awe-inspiring castle. The soldiers were least bothered about the enemy who was just half a mile away. They had a well -guarded, tall, smooth and insurmountable fort. They were led by a brave captain. The soldiers were loyal and ready to lay down their lives for protecting the castle and the trusting citizens of their country. There was constant vigil from the turret wall to shoot down the enemy at sight. They were proud that only a bird could have the temerity to scale over the fortified castle. They were even prepared for a siege as they had well-stocked granaries. In the event of the outbreak of a war, allies were ready to rush with their assured forces in support of them.

But the soldiers were unaware of the truth, “the strength of the strongest chain lies in its weakest link”. An aged warder of a wicked wicket gate had a cancerous growth of greed. As the enemy was hidden within the soul of their own citizen, they had no weapon to fight it. Gold was ultimately their enemy. Jesus Christ was betrayed for “thirteen pieces of silver by his own disciple”. Similarly, the wicked gate keeper betrayed his country for a bag full of gold. The great citadel fell without even a groan of protest and without shedding “a jot of blood.”

Appreciate The Poem

4. Read the given lines and answer the questions that follow in a line or two.

(a) “All through the summer at ease we lay,
And daily from the turret wall
We watched the mowers in the hay”

Question (i)
Who does ‘we’ refer to?
Answer:
“We” refers to the brave and loyal soldiers in the castle.

Question (ii)
How did the soldiers spend the summer days?
Answer:
They spent the summer days gazing out of the castle. They were ready to shoot the enemy at sight who were at half-a kilometer distance. But none came near. So, they were relaxed.

Question (iii)
What could they watch from the turret wall?
Answer:
They could watch the farmers mowing at a distance from inside their turret walls.

(b) “Our gates were strong, our walls were thick,
So smooth and high, no man could win. ”

Question (i)
How safe was the castle?
Answer:
The castle had high and smooth walls. No enemy could think of climbing it as soldiers were ready to shoot the enemy at sight. The moat was deadly and deep.

Question (ii)
What was the firm belief of the soldiers?
Answer:
The soldiers had the firm belief that their castle was invincible. They felt safe and secure behind the castle.

(c) “A foothold there, no clever trick
Could take us dead or quick,
Only a bird could have got in.”

Question (i)
What was challenging?
Answer:
Scaling over the castle’s smooth and high walls was challenging.

Question (ii)
Which aspect of the castle’s strength is conveyed by the above line?
Answer:
The physical strength of the castle (i.e.) its brave and loyal soldiers, the stockpile of arms and well stocked granary, is conveyed here.

(d) “Oh then our maze of tunneled stone
Grew thin and treacherous as air.
The castle was lost without a groan,
The famous citadel overthrown

Question (i)
Bring out the contrast in the first two lines.
Answer:
The maze of tunnelled stone walls instead of intriguing the enemies, gave passage to them. So, the poet says the secret tunnelled path became thin and treacherous as air.

Question (ii)
What happened to the castle?
Answer:
The castle was captured by the enemies.

(e) “We could do nothing, being sold.”

Question (i)
Why couldn’t they do anything?
Answer:
The enemies had entered through the wicket gate stealthily and easily occupied their castle.

Question (ii)
Why did they feel helpless?
Answer:
They felt helpless because they had no weapon to fight “Gold” their invisible enemy. Their castle fell due to the unnoticed greed of their warder, an aged man.

Additional Questions

(a) “And the enemy half a mile away
They seemed no threat to us at all ”

Question (i)
What were the soldiers expecting?
Answer:
The soldiers were expecting a war.

Question (ii)
Where were the enemies?
Answer:
The enemies were half a mile away.

Question (iii)
Were they afraid? Why?
Answer:
No, they were not afraid because they had a huge army, strong fort and loyal soldiers.

(b) “For what, we thought, had we to fear
With our arms and provender, load on load,”

Question (i)
What was the mood of the soldiers?
Answer:
The soldiers were confident of winning the war.

Question (ii)
What made the soldiers confident?
Answer:
They had enough grains to survive a siege and plenty of arms to fight the war. These things made them confident.

(c) “ What could they offer us for bait?
Our captain was brave and we were true. ”

Question (i)
What do you mean by bait?
Answer:
Bait means something intended to entice someone to do something usually dishonourable.

Question (ii)
Why did the soldiers believe that they were invincible?
Answer:
The soldiers believed that they were invincible because their captain was brave and they were loyal.

5. Explain the following with reference to the context in about 50-60 words each.

Question (a)
They seemed no threat to us at all.
Answer:
Reference: This line is from Edwin Muir’s poem “The Castle”.
Context and Explanation: The poet says these words while flaunting the invincibility of their strong castle. They could watch the movement of enemies from the turret wall and shoot down the enemy at a distance of half-a-kilometer. They had a stock pile of arms. Their granary was full to sustain the people in the event of a siege. Only a bird could have got into the castle. So, the enemies did not seem to be a threat at all to the soldiers.

Question (b)
How can this shameful tale be told?
Answer:
Reference: This line is from Edwin Muir’s poem “The Castle”.
Context and Explanation: The narrator feels disgraced that their strong castle was overtaken without a groan. There was no fight. They were helpless because under the cover of darkness, they were sold for gold by the aged warder. It was a shameful and treacherous act of betrayal. The castle had fallen due to the greed of an aged warder. The narrator is hesitant to disclose the shameful betrayal to outsiders.

Question (c)
I will maintain until my death
Answer:
Reference: This line is from Edwin Muir’s poem “The Castle”.
Context and Explanation: The poet says this while recounting the shameful act of betrayal by the aged warder of the wicket gate. The narrator was overconfident of the invincibility of their castle, their stock piled arms and well-stocked granary. They had a brave captain and loyal soldiers. In an open war, they need not fear defeat as their friendly neighbours were also willing to join them during a war against any invader. But their enemy was within their fortified castle. They were sold for a bag of gold. Without a groan the citadel was captured. It was a shameful way to lose one’s side. So, the narrator prefers not to recount this shameful secret to anyone so long as he is alive.

Question (d)
Our only enemy was gold
Answer:
Reference: This line is from Edwin Muir’s poem “The Castle”.
Context and Explanation: The helpless soldier says this while being surprised by the enemies who bribed the wicked wicket gate keeper. The soldier was initially proud of their fortified castle, brave and loyal soldiers and pile of arms and the well-stocked granary to last a siege. There was vigil behind the turret wall. But he was not aware of the enemy within the human soul: the greed. Gold was their enemy for which they had no weapon. The wizened warder had let the enemy in through the wicket gate by taking “gold”. The weakness of the gatekeeper for gold made the strong castle weak.

Additional Questions

Question (a)
Our gates were strong, our walls were thick,
So smooth and high, no man could win
Answer:
Reference : These lines are from Edwin Muir’s poem “The Castle”.
Context and Explanation : The poet says these words while describing the confidence level of the soldiers about the might of the castle. The gates of the castle were strong. The walls were high and smooth. It appeared very formidable for any enemy to conquer.

Question (b)
A little wicked wicket gate.
The wizened warder let them through.
Answer:
Reference : These lines are from Edwin Muir’s poem “The Castle”.
Context and Explanation : The poet says these words while describing the circumstances that led to the conquest of the castle without any bloodshed. A greedy aged warden let the enemies in through a little wicket gate.

Question (c)
Oh then our maze of tunneled stone
Grew thin and treacherous as air.
Answer:
Reference : These lines are from Edwin Muir’s poem “The Castle”.
Context and Explanation : The poet says these words while describing the betrayal of the wizened warden. His betrayal resulted in weakening the tunneled maze into thin walls exposing the treachery and breach of trust by the warder.

Question (d)
The famous citadel overthrown,
And all its secret galleries bare.
Answer:
Reference : These lines are from Edwin Muir’s poem “The Castle”.
Context and Explanation : The poet says these words while describing the evil impact of cunning invasion of the castle. The enemies ransacked the rare treasures of art and culture guarded in secret galleries in the castle.

Question (e)
How can this shameful tale be told?
Answer:
Reference : This line is from Edwin Muir’s poem “The Castle”.
Context and Explanation : The poet says these words while describing the treacherous betrayal of the aged warden. He had taken gold and let the enemy in. The soldiers who were ready to lay down their lives to protect their castle were shamefully overpowered by the trick of the enemy and the greed of the warder. The soldier is reluctant to relate this shameful tale.

Question (f)
And we had no arms to fight it with.
Answer:
Reference : This line is from Edwin Muir’s poem “The Castle”.
Context and Explanation : The poet says these words about the helplessness of the soldiers. They were taken by surprise by the enemies at night. The enemies had won them with gold against which they had no weapon. Human greed has destroyed the brave and loyal soldiers and the castle is captured by foes.

6. Read the poem and complete the table with suitable rhyming words

All through that summer at ease we lay,
And daily from the turret wall
We watched the mowers in the hay
And the enemy half a mile away
They seemed no threat to us at all.

For what, we thought, had we to fear
With our arms and provender, load on load,
Our towering battlements, tier on tier,
And friendly allies drawing near
On every leafy summer road.

Our gates were strong, our walls were thick,
So smooth and high, no man could win
A foothold there, no clever trick
Could take us dead or quick,
Only a bird could have got in.

What could they offer us for bait?
Our captain was brave and we were true…
There was a little private gate,
A little wicked wicket gate.
The wizened warder let them through.

Oh then our maze of tunneled stone
Grew thin and treacherous as air.
The cause was lost without a groan,
The famous citadel overthrown,
And all its secret galleries bare.

How can this shameful tale be told?
I will maintain until my death
We could do nothing, being sold:
Our only enemy was gold,
And we had no arms to fight it with.

lay	hay

Answer:

lay	hay
wall	all
thick	trick
win	in
fear	near
load	road
bait	gate
sold	gold
true	through
stone	groan
air	bare

7. Underline the alliterated words in the following lines.

Question (a)
With our arms and provender, load on load.
Answer:
With our arms and provender, load on load.

Question (b)
A little wicked wicket gate.
Answer:
A little wicked wicket gate.

Question (c)
The wizened warder let them through.
Answer:
The wizened warder let them through.

8. Identify the figure of speech used in the following lines.

Question (a)
A little wicked wicket gate.
Answer:
Personification

Question (b)
Oh then our maze of tunneled stone
Answer:
Metaphor

Question (c)
Grew thin and treacherous as air.
Answer:
Simile

Question (d)
How can this shameful tale be told?
Answer:
Personification

Question (e)
Our only.enemy was gold.
Answer:
Personification

Question 9.
Can you call ‘The Castle’ an allegorical poem? Discuss.
Answer:
The castle is doubtless an allegorical poem. The outward strength of the castle is matchless. It is fortified well. It has brave soldiers and large quantity of arms are stockpiled. The castle houses well stocked granary also. But the castle also conceals the ingredients of personal downfall within. If a person does not look within, their doom may be unstoppable. It is very difficult to protect oneself against greed, particularly the love of gold, instilled deep in the psyche of human beings. People say, “everything is fair in love and war.” People resort to anything to win in a war. Gandhi said, “the end never justifies the means.” But in times of war people stoop down to any betrayal to win. Thus, the castle is an allegorical poem.

Listening Activity

Following is one of the most celebrated poems of Rupert Brooke. It describes the noble sacrifice of an English soldier.

The Soldier
If I should die, think only this of me:
That there’s some comer of a foreign field
That is forever England. There shall be
In that rich earth a richer dust concealed;
A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware,
Gave, once, her flowers to love, her ways to roam;
A body of England’s, breathing English air,
Washed by the rivers, blest by suns of home.
And think, this heart, all evil shed away,
A pulse in the eternal mind, no less
Gives somewhere back the thoughts by England given;
Her sights and sounds; dreams happy as her day;
And laughter, learnt of friends; and gentleness,
In hearts at peace, under an English heaven.

Some phrases have been left out in the poem below. Fill in the missing phrases on listening to the reading or the audio played by the teacher. You may listen again, if required. Soldier

If I should die, (1)_____ That there’s some comer (2)_____ That is (3)_____ There shall beIn that rich earth a richer (4)_____ A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware,Gave, (5)_____ roam;A body (6)_____ air,Washed (7)_____ suns of home.And think, (8)_____ away,A pulse in the (9)_____ , no less Gives somewhere back (10) given;Her (11)_____ ; dreams happy as her day;And laughter, (12)_____ ; and gentleness,In hearts (13)_____ English heaven.

Answer:

1. think only this of me
2. of a foreign field
3. forever England
4. dust concealed
5. once, her flowers to love, her ways to
6. of England’s breathing English
7. by the rivers, blest by
8. this heart, all evil shed
9. eternal mind
10. the thoughts by England
11. sights and sounds
12. learnt of friends
13. at peace, under an

The Castle About the Poet

Edwin Muir (1887-1959), a renowned Scottish poet, novelist, translator and critic is remembered for his vivid poetry. He began writing poetry at a relatively old age, and over the course of several years worked out an individual, philosophical style for which he gained”recognition later in his life. First Poems and Chorus of the Newly Dead contain Muir’s initial attempts. Muir’s later collections include Variations on a Time Theme, The Narrow Place, The Voyage and Other Poems, The Labyrinth, and One Foot in Eden.

The Castle Summary in English

Edwin Muir’s ‘The Castle’ describes the capture of a castle through the eyes of a helpless soldier who witnessed the fall. Throughout the poem, the poet employs a constant ABAAB rhyme building the confidence of the readers about the strength of the castle and the invincibility of their status in the event of a war. Being confident of the strength of the fort, depth of the moat, and quantum of weapons, access to the allies, readiness to shoot the enemies from the turret walls of the fort, the soldiers were relaxed watching the mowers in the fields at work. There was no doubt about the valour of their captain and the loyalty of the soldiers.

They were confident of the sufficiency of the stockpile of food grains even if the castle came under siege. Citizens slept in peace. The soldiers were proud of the fact that in an armed combat they will surely win. But there was a wicket wicked gate guarded by an old man. The enemy bribed the aged gate keeper and the castle fell into the hands of the enemies. The brave soldiers had no weapon to fight human greed for “gold”.

The Castle Summary in Tamil

எட்வின் மூர் ‘கோட்டை’ எனும் கவிதை அந்த நாடு எதிரிகள் கைப்பற்றியதைக் கண்டு செய்வதறியாது திகைத்த சிப்பாயின் துயரக் கதையை விவரிக்கிறது. கவிதை முழுவதுமான ABAAB எனும் இசை நயத்தைக் கவிஞர் கையாண்டு போரின் போது நாட்டின் பலத்தையும். தோற்கடிக்க முடியாத அவர்களின் தகுதியையும் வாசகர்கள் நம்பிக்கைக்கு உகந்த வண்ணம் கையாண்டுள்ளார். கோடை காலத்தில் இளைப்பாறிக் கொண்டு கோபுரத்தின் வழியாக சிப்பாய்கள் அறுவடை செய்பவர்களை வயலிலும் மற்றும் எதிரிகளை அரை மைல் தொலைவிலும் கண்ட போது அவர்கள் அபாயகரமானவர்களாகத் தோன்றவில்லை. ஒவ்வொரு இலையுதிர் கோடைக் காலத்திலும் படை பலமும், தானியக் குவியலும் அபரிமிதமாக இருக்க, கம்பீரத் தோற்றமுடைய சிப்பாய்கள் மற்றும் நேச நாடுகளும் அருகாமையில் இருக்க அவர்கள் எதற்குப் பயப்படவேண்டும் என்றே கருதினார்கள்.

ஒரு பறவை மட்டுமே பறந்து கடக்கவல்ல வலிமை மிக்க கதவுகளும், கடினமான, வளவளப்பான சுவர்களும் இருக்க எந்த சூழ்ச்சியும், சிப்பாய்களைப் பிணமாகவோ அல்லது உயிருடனோ பிடிக்க இயலாது. சிப்பாய்கள் நம்பிக்கைக்கு உகந்தவர்களாக இருக்க, தளபதி வீரனாக இருக்க சிப்பாய்களை சபலப்படுத்துவதற்கு எதிரிகளிடம் எதுவும் இல்லை . ஆனால், அந்த வாயிற்கதவின் வயது முதிர்ந்த – காலாளி எதிரிகளை உள்ளே நுழையவிட நாடு சத்தமின்றி எதிரிகள் வசமானது. இந்த அவலநிலை தன் உயிர் உள்ள மட்டும் மறவா வண்ணம் இருக்கும் என சிப்பாய் கூறினார். மனிதனின் பொருள் வேட்கையால் தாம் அடிமையாக்கப்பட்டதை எதிர்த்துப் போரிட எந்த ஆயுதமும் இல்லாமல் போயிற்று, தங்கம் எதிரியால் பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டதால், வயதான வாயிற்காப்போனின் மனதில் மறைந்திருந்த பேராசை அவர்களது பலமான கோட்டையும், நாட்டையும் காவு வாங்கியது.

The Castle Glossary

Textual:

Additional:

Students can Download English Lesson 5 The Status of Tamil as a Classical Language Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Prose Chapter 5 The Status of Tamil as a Classical Language

Warm up

The Chair Prose Pdf Question (a)
Name a few languages spoken in India:
Answer:
Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Marathi

12th English The Chair Lesson Pdf Question (b)
Mention a few international languages:
Answer:
Spanish, French, Latin, Hebrew, Greek, English

The Chair Prose Questions And Answers Question (c)
The box below gives details of a few languages and their origin. Arrange them chronologically.

Chinese – 1250 BC (BCE)	Hebrew – 1000 BC (BCE)	Latin – 75 BC (BCE)	Arabic – 512 AD (CE)
Tamil – 300 BC (BCE)	Greek – 1500 BC (BCE)	Sanskrit – 2000 BC (BCE)

Answer:

Sanskrit – 2000 BC (BCE)	Greek – 1500 BC (BCE)	Chinese – 1250 BC (BCE)	Arabic – 512 AD (CE)
Hebrew-1000 BC (BCE)	Tamil – 300 BC (BCE)	Latin – 75 BC (BCE)

The Chair Prose Pdf Questions And Answers Question (d)
Following are some of the great works in Tamil. Find out their names by filling in the missing letters.

Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English The Status of Tamil as a Classical Language Textual Questions

1. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences based on your understanding of the letter.

12th English The Chair Lesson Pdf Download Question (а)
Which is considered the oldest work in Tamil? When was it written?
Answer:
Tholkappiyam is the oldest work in Tamil. It dates back to 200 BCE.

12th English Unit 5 Prose The Chair Question (b)
What is the evidence that supports the finding of the oldest Tamil work?
Answer:
Earliest Tamil inscriptions are the evidences which support the finding of the oldest Tamil work.

The Chair Prose Pdf Download Question (c)
Mention the Tamil works that date to the first two centuries of the current era.
Answer:
Sangam anthologies and Pattuppattu date to the first two centuries of the current era.

12th English The Chair Book Back Answers Question (d)
Name the great Tamil work that speaks volumes on ethics.
Answer:
“Tirukkural” is the great Tamil work which speaks volumes on ethics.

The Chair 12th English Question (e)
What are the other classical languages mentioned by the author?
Answer:
The other classical languages mentioned by the author are viz. Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, Chinese, Persian and Arabic.

The Chair Prose Paragraph Question (f)
Can you define and list the themes explored in Tamil Literature? Why?
Answer:
No, one can’t define the themes explored in Tamil literature. There is not a facet of human experience that is not explored and illuminated by Tamil literature.

12th English The Chair Lesson Paragraph Question (g)
What is unique about Tamil and its sources?
Answer:
Tamil is one of the primary independent sources of modem Indian culture and tradition.

The Chair Lesson Book Back Answers Question (h)
Modern Indian languages are productive on earth. Why does the author say so?
Answer:
Modem Indian languages are the most fecund and productive languages on the earth. Each has begotten a modem (often medieval) literature that can stand with any of the modem literatures of the world.

The Chair Prose Book Back Answers Question (i)
Which language is as old as Latin?
Answer:
Tamil is as old as Latin and older than Arabic.

The Chair Prose Answer Key Question (j)
Why is it said that Tamil has the most independent tradition?
Answer:
Tamil arose as an entirely independent tradition with almost no influence from Sanskrit and other languages. Its ancient literature is indescribably vast and rich.

The Chair Book Back Answers Question (k)
What is the role of Classical Tamil in Modern Tamil and Malayalam?
Answer:
Just as Sanskrit is the source of the modem Indo-Aryan languages, classical Tamil is the source language of modem Tamil and Malayalam.

Additional Questions

12th English 5th Prose The Chair Question (a)
Who is considered “Tamil Thatha” and why?
Answer:
Dr. U. Ve. Swaminatha Aiyar is considered Tamil Thatha because he had collected old palm leaf manuscripts of ancient Tamil books and catalogued them with the support of Damotharapillai.

The Chair Lesson Pdf Download Question (b)
What has Mr. George L Hart try to make?
Answer:
Mr. George L Hart has tried to make a comparative analysis of classical languages of the world.

12th English The Chair Question (c)
What was the specific task assigned to George Hart by Prof. Maraimalai?
Answer:
Professor Maraimalai has asked George Hart to write regarding the position of Tamil as a classical language.

12th English Unit 5 Prose The Chair Book Back Answers Question (d)
What does George L Hart state unequivocally?
Answer:
He unequivocally states that, by any criteria one may choose, Tamil is one of the greatest classical literatures and traditions of the world.

12th English Unit 5 Prose The Chair Pdf Question (e)
How antique is Tamil?
Answer:
Tamil is of considerable antiquity. It predates the literatures of modem Indian languages by more than thousand years.

2. Answer the following questions in three or four sentences each.

The Chair Prose Pdf Free Download Question (а)
Supreme works in Tamil elevate it to be treated as sacred as the Vedas. How?
Answer:
Tamil has its own works that are considered to be as sacred as the vedas that are recited alongside vedic mantras in the great Vaisnava temples of South India.

12th English Unit 5 Prose Question (b)
Tamil is a touchstone to understand the Dravidian’s nature and development. Elucidate.
Answer:
As Sanskrit is the most conservative and least changed of Indo-Aryan languages, Tamil is the most conservative of the Dravidian languages, the touchstone that linguists must consult to understand the nature and development of Dravidian culture.

The Chair Lesson Question (c)
How do you correlate the richness of Tamil language With Indian culture?
Answer:
Unlike other modem languages of India, Tamil meets the criteria laid down for a classical tradition. It meets each of the requirements. It is extremely old. It is as old as Latin and older than Arabic. It arose as an entirely independent tradition, with almost no influence from Sanskrit or other languages. And its ancient literature is indescribably vast and rich.

Additional Questions

The Chair Prose Summary Question (а)
How are Sangam anthologies and pattupattu important?
Answer:
The great work of ancient Tamil, the Sangam anthologies and the pattupattu, date to first two centuries of the era. They are the first great secular body of poetry written in India, predating Kalidasa’s works.

Question (b)
How does the author compliment the indigenous nature of Tamil?
Answer:
Tamil Constitutes only literary tradition indigenous to India that is not derived from Sanskrit. Indeed, its literature arose before the influence of Sanskrit become strong in the south. So it is qualitatively different from anything we have in Sanskrit or other Indian languages.

Question (c)
How does the author prove that Tamil has an extremely rich and vast intellectual tradition?
Answer:
Tamil has its own poetic theory, its own grammatical tradition and its own esthetics. A large body of its literature that is quite unique. It shows Indian sensibility that is entirely different from Sanskrit or other Indian languages. Then it contains rich and vast intellectual tradition.

3. Answer the following in a paragraph of 100-150 words each.

Question (a)
How does the author justify the statement that Tamil is a classical language?
Answer:
To qualify as a classical tradition, a language must fit several criteria. It should be ancient. It should be an independent tradition that arose mostly on its own, not an off-shoot of another tradition. It must have a large and extensively rich body of ancient literature. Unlike the other modem languages of India, Tamil meets each of these requirements. It is extremely old as Latin and older than Arabic. It arose as an entirely independent tradition with almost no influence from Sanskrit or other languages. Its ancient literature is indescribably vast and rich.

Tamil is of considerable antiquity. It predates the literatures of other modem Indian languages by more than a thousand years. Its oldest work Tholkappiyam, contains parts that, judging from the earliest Tamil inscriptions, dates back to about 200 BCE. The greatest works of ancient Tamil, the Sangam anthologies and Pattuppattu, date to the first two centuries of the current era. They are the first great secular body of poetry written in India, predating Kalidasa’s works by two hundred years.

Question (b)
Tirukkural is a fine example of an outstanding quality of classical Tamil Literature. Substantiate.
Answer:
Tirukkural is one of the greatest works on ethics. But this is merely one of a myriad of major and extremely varied works that comprise Tamil classical tradition. There is not a facet of human existence that is not explored and illuminated by this great literature. Tirukkural the sacred verses, is a classical text considered one of the greatest works ever written on ethics and morality, chiefly secular ethics. It is known for its universality and non-denominational nature. Traditionally it has been appreciated as “the universal veda” and “universal code of conduct”. The ‘Kural’ is often called the masterpiece of Tamil literature both in philosophical and literary calibre. Next to Bible, Tirukkural is translated into a large number of languages across the world. Its universality appeals to readers in Japan and Singapore as well.

Additional Questions

Question (a)
The credentials of Mr. George L Hart make him absolutely eligible to write regarding the position of Tamil among the classical languages of the world – Explain.
Answer:
George L Hart has been a professor of Tamil at the university of California, Berkeley since ’ 1975. He is currently the holder of Tamil chair at the institution. He received his degree in Sanskrit in 1970 from Harvard University. He was appointed at first as Sanskrit professor at the University of Wisconsin Madison, in 1969. Besides Tamil and Sanskrit, he knows languages of Greek and Latin. He has read extensively in Greek and Latin literatures in their original. He is also well acquainted with comparative linguistics and literatures of modem Europe. Thus, he is the most eligible person to write regarding the position of Tamil among classical languages of the world.

Question (b)
How does George L Hart prove beyond doubt that Tamil is one of the primary independent sources of modern Indian culture and tradition?
Answer:
Prof. George L Hart has extensively written on the influence of Tamil tradition on Sanskrit’s poetic tradition. But equally important, the great sacred Hindu devotional literature in Tamil beginning with Sangam anthologies have undergirded the development of modem Hinduism. Bhagavatpurana has widely borrowed from it. There are other texts in Telugu, Kannada and Sanskrit which have drawn heavily from Tamil literature. Tamil has its work which are considered as sacred as the Vedas that are recited alongside Vedamantras in the great Vaisnava temples of South India. Then, George L Hart proves Tamil is one of the primary independent sources of modem Indian culture and tradition.

Question (c)
How does the author endorse the greatness of modern Indian languages?
Answer:
The author is aware of the richness of modem Indian languages. They are among the most fecund and productive languages on the earth. Each has begotten a modem (and often medieval) literature that can stand with any of the major literatures of the world. Yet none of them is a classical language. Like English and the other modem languages of Europe with possible exception of Greek, they rose on preexisting traditions rather late and developed in the second millennium.

Vocabulary

(a) Analogy

Now complete each analogy with appropriate words from the list given below:

changeable	indifference
nuance	insignificant
refusal	long-established
drastic	hide

CLASSICAL : TRADITIONAL
ancient : ______

UNIQUE : COMMON
sensibility : ______

INDIGENOUS : NATIVE
extreme : ______

FACET : ASPECT
subtlety : ______

SACRED : IRREVERENT
conservative : ______

OBVIOUS : DOUBTFUL
vital : ______

INFLUENCE : IMPACT
denial : ______

ILLUMINATE : DARKEN
explore : ______

Answer:

1. long-established
2. indifference
3. drastic
4. nuance
5. changeable
6. insignificant
7. refusal
8. hide

(b) Suffixes
Match the -ics words with their appropriate meanings. You can make use of a dictionary.

S. No.	Words	Meanings
1.	Linguistics	the scientific study of a language
2.	Numismatics	the study of principles of beauty
3.	Electro Dynamics	the study of speech sounds
4.	Phonetics	the study of genes
5.	Aesthetics	the study of analysing information shown in numbers
6.	Genetics	the study of government and using power in public life
7.	Statistics	the study of building and flying air-craft
8.	Politics	the study of money and coins
9.	Aeronautics	the study of processing data for storage and retrieval
10.	Informatics	the study of the way that electric currents and magnetic fields affect each other

Answer:

1. the scientific study of a language
2. the study of money and coins
3. the study of the way that electric currents and magnetic fields affect each other
4. the study of speech sounds
5. the study of principles of beauty
6. the study of genes
7. the study of analysing information shown in numbers
8. the study of government and using power in public life
9. the study of building and flying air-craft
10. the study of processing data for storage and retrieval

(c) Homonyms, Homophones and Homograph Complete the following with appropriate words from the box given.

night/knight	scent/sent/ cent	stationary/ stationery	lead/lead	reign/rain/rein
band/banned	bows/boughs	sell/cell	pass/pause/paws	present/present

1. My mother brought an expensive watch as a birthday _______
2. Everybody accepted the fact that overeating could easily _______ to obesity.
3. In the middle ages, people were trained to become a _______ at a young age.
4. Akshitha’s brother plays the bugle in his school _______
5. The weather is fine and the air is filled with the _______ of lemons.
6. What a splendid _______ the emperor Alexander’s might have been!
7. Humans have foot, animals have _______
8. They know how to _______ their mobile phones online.
9. The teacher is so happy that all the students are
10. The cars were in the traffic jam.
11. It is not easy for him to tie in his shoe laces

Answer:

1. present
2. lead
3. knight
4. band
5. scent
6. reign
7. paws
8. sell
9. present
10. stationary
11. bows

(d) Collocation
Collocation: It is a pair or group of words that always appears in the same order. Here are some collocations picked from the lesson:

subtlety and profundity	greatness and richness
culture and tradition	vast and rich

Some of the commonly used collocations are:

read and write	pros and cons	sooner or later
dead or alive	null and void	black and white

(e) Descriptive Words
Go through the letter of Prof. George L Hart once again and enlist the words describing Tamil.

e.g. oldest	indegenous	unique	classical	secular
universal	independent	vast	rich	vital

Identify the words that mean the following.

Indigenous	myriad
conservative	indescribable
antiquity	aesthetics
universality	secular

1. This is something that is related to ancient time ______
2. The word that describes pleasing in appearance ______
3. Things that are not specifically religious ______
4. The word to mention a large number ______
5. This describes something which is produced or belongs to a particular region ______
6. The thing that cannot be described ______
7. This one is something which cannot come out of tradition
8. The quality of existing or involving everywhere

Answer:

1. antiquity
2. aesthetics
3. secular
4. myriad
5. indigenous
6. indescribable
7. conservative
8. universality

Listening Activity

The oath taken by Graduates of Medicine is given as Listening passage.

Hippocratic Oath:
I solemnly pledge myself to consecrate my life to the service of humanity;
I will give to my teachers the respect and gratitude which is their due;
I will practice my profession with conscience and dignity;
The health of my patient will be my first consideration;
I will respect the secrets which are confided in me;
I will maintain by all the means in my power, the honour and the noble tradition of the medical profession;

My colleagues will be my brothers; I will not permit considerations of religion, nationality, race, party politics or social standing to intervene between my duty and my patient;
I will maintain the utmost respect for human life, from the time of conception, even under threat. 1 will not use my medical knowledge contrary to the laws of humanity;
I make these promises solemnly, freely and upon my honour.

After listening to the pledge played on the tape recorder carefully, fill in the following . statements with the right options given:

Question (a)
The medical graduates take oath to dedicate their ______ to the service of humanity.
(a) money
(ii) talent
(iii) life
(iv) nation
Answer:
(iii) life

Question (b)
The ______ of the patient should be the doctor’s greatest concern.
(i) dignity
(ii) gratitude
(iii) health
(iv) honour
Answer:
(iii) health

Question (c)
The would-be graduates promise to practise their profession with ______
and dignity.
(i) conscience
(ii) knowledge
(iii) understanding
(iv) respect
Answer:
(ii) knowledge

Question (d)
They should respect the ______ of the patients.
(i) age
(ii) wealth
(iii) background
(iv) secrets
Answer:
(iv) secrets

Question (e)
The pledge is also to treat the patients without any ______
(i) fee
(ii) discrimination
(iii) interest
(iv) hatred
Answer:
(ii) discrimination

Speaking Activity

Debate
Important Rules

• The speakers must greet the chairperson, judges and the audience.
• The team supporting or opposing the motion must not change their point of view.
• If a speaker makes a statement, he or she must be able to provide evidence or reasons to support.
• The facts presented in a debate must be accurate.
• Speakers may not bring up new points in a rebuttal speech. Reinforce your points and conclude confidently.
• Points must be conveyed clearly and effectively without getting diverted from the main stream.

Task

(a) Now it’s your turn to speak against the motion “Wars create more problem than they solve.” Express your views with valid points.

Student A
Respected judge, dignitaries on the dias and off the dias. I have come before you to speak against the topic” wars create more problems than they solve.

Abraham Lincoln waged the civil war in America to put an end to slavery. Of course many people died on both sides and Lincoln himself was assassinated soon after the abolition of slavery in America. But today America is a dream destination for any one who wants to make a fortune trading his individual expertise in Science, technology and ICT because the democratic foundation in America is solid and pluralistic culture encourages people from multi-ethnic backgrounds to emigrate and settle there as Americans. Trump administration is now taking a tough stand against emigrants and immigrants.

Student B
Next point we would like to put forward is that when we say “war” do not always think about conventional war. We wage war against poverty, illiteracy, drug addiction, alcoholism, bribery and terrorism. Such wars may not be won over quickly but they are necessary. We can’t allow the government alone to fight such social evils, we need NGOs, students and civil societies and even-principled political parties to fight against them to build a healthy society.

Student C
I would like to add that Swachata Abhiyan itself is a war against ignorance of people about the consequences of keeping their surroundings unclean and polluted. The campaign against Malaria, Dengue fever is a war against ill-health which necessarily generates awareness among people to prevent mosquito-caused illness among the masses.

We can also wage a war against the most dangerous social evil (i.e.) educated unemployment. Instead of just using war of words trying to prove our oratorical skills, we had better focus on skilling of youth in our country so that they can become self-reliant entrepreneurs giving employment to others by utilising ‘Mudra loan’. In fact launching of Atal tinkering labs all over the country at the higher secondary level is the first step in the direction of skilling school students. It is time we realized that paper degrees will not guarantee jobs, we should arm ourselves with the skills demanded in the job market or for opening our own small-scale industries. On behalf of my team, I conclude wars against social evils can solve problems not create new ones.

(b) Conduct a debate for and against the motion.“Mobile phone – a big boon”

Debate – Mobile phone boon or bane
Student A:
Shakespeare has very wisely said: “There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.” Similarly, mobile phones in themselves are neither good nor bad; however, the way they are used makes them good or bad. Mobile phones have made our life so easy and full of comforts! Everything is available online now. Our mobile phones have become our e-wallets, e-books, e-payments, e-files, e-folders, etc. Our mobile phones are connected with our Adhar Card, Bank Account, Loans, etc. We do our buying and other transactions using our mobile phones. Life without mobile phones is almost impossible in the modem times. It is neither addiction nor creates distraction. Rather it is a basic necessity in the contemporary times.

I conclude that it is irrational and illogical to say anything negative about mobile phones. As said earlier, they should be used with discretion and precautions.

Mobile Phones – A bane
Student B:
My friend used a beautiful quote in my team’s favour, “There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.” Unfortunately , Mobiles have become a source of major distraction for the students. Young boys and girls seem to have become inordinately addicted to these sites. They are thoughtlessly and uselessly wasting their precious time on useless sites.

The overuse of mobile poses serious health issues. Radiation affects eyesight due to over exposure to mobile screen for hours. Besides, mobile phones are also responsible for difficulty in concentration, fatigue, headaches and sleep disorders that can further trigger health complications. Text-neck is a serious health issue faced by mobile phone users. Owing to late night use of mobile phones, the youngsters skip on sleep which further causes health complications. This makes them aggressive and irritated. If you withhold an android phone from a child addicted to games in the mobile phone, he/she starts throwing tantrum. It is a curse that majority of the parents give the android phones to pacify the young children who refuse food and refuse to do homework if phone is withheld for even five minutes. Many young children who gaze at the mobile phone for hours tend to develop eye problems too. Addiction to mobile technology is a dangerous problem facing young children and adults of this country. Child psychologists and social activists are really worried how on earth we are going to wean young children away from the obsessive compulsive disorder of using android mobile phones and how we are going to redeem the youth from the sure disillusionment in continuing virtual friends to the point of ignoring family ties.

The other major disadvantage of the increasing use of such networking sites is the spread of obscenity or addiction to viewing explicit content. It is worrying because even adolescents have easy access to such sites because of the cheap data provided by greedy telecom business men. This is having a very negative impact on the impressionable minds of our young children and leading them astray.

The parents, teachers and the government must look into the problems being caused by mobiles and these networking sites and must formulate a strategy either to curb or completely stop its fast growing negative influence on the minds of our youth. Our youth is the future of our nation. We cannot allow this youth to waste their precious time on mobiles, chatting on the facebook and whatsapp. The same time must be spent on studying, researching and developing leadership or other life-skills. I conclude that it is our moral duty as well as responsibility to lead children and youth on the right path and teach them to make best use of these wonderful gadgets to improve themselves only.

(c) Organize a class debate on the motion ‘The advantages of social websites’. (Use the expressions for arguments like – First, firstly, I mean, My point is, In my opinion, Let me consider, etc.)

The advantages of Social websites
At the outset, let us consider some irrefutable facts .We live in a time and age where information is just a button press away. We are swayed by information all around us. We millennials want to know, read, understand and then speak our minds about it. That is where social media comes into play. Social media is one of the biggest elements that we live with and cannot ignore it. Social media plays a big role in our lives today. We have the access to any kind of information at just a button push away. Anything that is so vastly expanded has both positives and negatives related to it. The power of social media is very high and has its effects on each individual. It is difficult to imagine our lives with social media today and we do pay a price for excessive use. There is a lot of debate about the effects of social media on the society as a whole. Some feel that it’s a boon whereas other feels that it is a curse.

Social media is a collection of websites, applications and other platforms that enable us to share or create content and also helps us to participate in social networking. Social media is not limited to blogging and sharing pictures, there are a lot of strong tools also that social media provides. That is because that the impact of social media is very high and far reaching, it can make or break images.

Of course, I agree that social media is a topic of controversy today, many feel it’s a boon but there is a majority who feels that it is a curse. It has become an inevitable evil. Mostly people feel that social media has destroyed human interaction with a rapid rate and has modified modem human relationships. But there are others who feel that it is a blessing that has connected us to every part of the world, we can meet our loved ones that are far, we can spread awareness through it, we can send security warnings etc. There is a lot that social media can do. But it is an unarguable fact the presence of social media has made our lives convenient, easier and much faster.

In my opinion, mobile phones have not lowered active social life. On the contrary, they have made our social life more active! You must be wondering I am kidding! No I am not. Let, me prove it. The IT revolution has made the internet network so fast and easily accessible. As a result we are using Whatsapp, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc. more often sharing our latest whereabouts regularly, daily, or hourly! We wish our friends, relatives good morning, good afternoon, good, evening, or good night almost daily using picture messages or videos. Was social life ever so active in the past? We send receive invitations, news, and one another’s views through these socializing applications! What will you call this exchange of information? Has it lowered active social life or heightened active social life?

Role of media in Jasmine revolution:
I would like to give some examples as to how social websites can overhaul even governments. In an article “The Emerging Role of Social Media in Political and Regime Change” by Rita Safranek, published in ProQuest, talks about social media as a major catalyst in bringing about the change in many countries that were going through a major period of political unrest. The author talks about the triggering point of the Jasmine Revolution, the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi was captured by passers-by and posted and re-posted on YouTube for everyone to see. Furthermore, the mass protests at his funeral also spread quickly all over. The author goes on to say that despite very strict censorship of the internet by Tunisia’s government, Tunisians were able to emerge as highly connected – 33% of the Tunisian population uses the internet, 16% uses Facebook and 18% uses Twitter.

Although the government did block YouTube during the crucial period of protests, it was unable to stop experienced bloggers and activists from finding alternate methods like by using private and proxy networks to post and re-post various contents and videos all over the cyber world. In fact, there was an eight percent increase in the number of Facebook users in Tunisia in the beginning of January 2011. The nature of the content being shared also changed with time – more content related to the current political situation and unrest was being shared. Although the author credits social media with helping organize the protest and connect activists, she also goes on to say that the social media will not be helpful with running the country which is the current concern in the country at present.

Social media and Jallikkattu Protests:
In my opinion, the success of Jallikkattu is a recent example. The youth of the entire state of Tamil Nadu clamoured for the right to conduct a traditional sport that half of them had only seen on television. How did the Jallikattu case that has been in court for years, suddenly capture the imagination of the masses, enough to make them skip school, college and work . and take to the streets? How they gathered in millions in the Marina beach and camped there for weeks to press their demands in the most incredible manner. The answer to this is buried ‘ beneath superior internet connectivity, hash tags, viral videos, disenchantment and the post-truth phenomenon. Tamil Nadu boasts of spectacular rural teledensity, well ahead of most other parts of the country.

Student B:
In my strong opinion, social media is the single most factor causing depression and anxiety in people. It is also a cause of poor mental growth in children. Increased use of social media ‘ can lead to poor sleeping patterns. There are many other negative effects like cyber bullying, hacking, etc. as well. There is an increased ‘Fear of Missing out’ (FOMO) at an all-time high i in youth because of social media. Such ill inclinations need to be prevented by educating boys, girls and vulnerable women against unguarded use of social websites.

Conclusion: One must carefully weigh the positives and the negatives before engaging excessively in social media. If used in the most judicious way, social media can be a boon for mankind.

Reading

(a) Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions.

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the environment that causes harm to the ecosystem. The different kinds of pollution are air pollution, water pollution and land pollution. The release of various gases, finely divided solid particles, or liquid droplets that escape into the atmosphere to disperse and dilute in the environment is called air pollution. Modem society is also concerned about specific types of pollutants, such as noise pollution, light pollution, and plastic pollution.

Particulate matter (PM), also known as particle pollution, is a complex mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets that get into the air. These particles if inhaled can affect health. The impact of PM 2.5 is particularly high in South Asia. Outdoor pollution is caused by a variety of pollutants like public and private vehicles, waste burning in the open, power

production industries and construction and even cigarette smoking in public places. Presently, air pollution is a major and growing risk factor for ill health in India. Delhi is one of the most air polluted cities in India. The air in the city as well as areas surrounding it has worsened to extremely hazardous levels in the recent years. This year’s pollution level is the worst in foi r years. Several studies have shown that poor air quality is a cause for many health issues among people with lower respiratory disorders with symptoms like dry cough, breathlessness, wheezing, chest discomfort, serious lung infections and cardio vascular diseases. Some studies throw light on the fact that about 16 per cent of the deaths worldwide in 2015 were due to pollution.

Air Masks are an option to protect oneself outdoor. Air masks can be used while commuting or while one is exposed to a polluted area. Some of these masks also include a layer of Activated carbon to filter the air. They protect us from suspended air particles and particulate matter up to the size of 2.5 microns and above. Their usage is limited to some days and should be disposed off after their prescribed duration of usage. The price for air masks starts from Rs 100 and can go up to Rs 500 and more. We have to take active measures to control pollution and protect ourselves to lead a healthy and pollution free life.

Questions:

Question 1.
What is meant by pollution? Mention the different kinds of pollution.
Answer:
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the environment that can cause harm to the ecosystem. The different kinds of pollution are air pollution, water pollution and land pollution.

Question 2.
How does Particulate matter cause air pollution?
Answer:
Particulate matter (PM) also known as Particle pollution. It is a complex mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets that get into the air. These particles, if inhaled can affect health.

Question 3.
Identify three major causes of pollution in air.
Answer:
The release of various gases, finely divided solid particles, or liquid droplets that escape into the atmosphere to disperse and dilute in the environment are the major causes of air pollution.

Question 4.
Name the types of pollution we encounter now.
Answer:
We encounter air pollution, noise pollution, light pollution and plastic pollution.

Question 5.
What sort of health issues do people face due to air pollution?
Answer:
The quality of air in cities has reduced to hazardous levels. This causes lower respiratory disorders with symptoms like dry cough, breathlessness, wheezing, chest discomfort, serious lung infections and cardio-vascular diseases.

Question 6.
How can we protect ourselves outdoor from air pollution?
Answer:
Air masks can be used while commuting or while one is exposed to a polluted area. Some of these masks also include a layer of Activated Carbon to filter the air. They protect us from suspended air particles and particulate up to the size of 2.5 microns and above.

Question 7.
Suggest a suitable title to the passage.
Answer:
Rising levels of Pollution and ways to avoid health issues.

Question 8.
Identify the meaning of the word similar to the one used in the fourth para:
Answer:
(a) emerging
(b) filtering
(c) floating
(d) falling

(b) Read the following information given in the table below and answer the questions.

Question (a)
The number of stations between Chennai Central and Hazrat Nizamudin is ______
(i) five
(ii) ten
(iii) eight
(iv) eleven
Answer:
(iii) eight

Question (b)
The train is expected to reach around 8.45 PM
(i) Warangal
(ii) Vijayawada
(iii) Bhopal
(iv) Nagpur
Answer:
(iv) Nagpur

Question (c)
Between the train runs at it’s maximum speed.
(i) Bhopal and Gwalior
(ii) Bhopal and Jhansi
(iii) Bhopal and Hazarat Nizamudin
(iv) Bhopal and Agra
Answer:
(ii) Bhopal and Jhansi

Question (d)
Almost the train reaches Vijayawada.
(i) the day after
(ii) around early morning
(iii) late night
(iv) around noon
Answer:
(iv) around noon

Question (e)
People prefer the Rajadhani express to travel from Chennai to reach the capital because
(i) it reaches the destination on the same day
(ii) The charge is reasonable
(iii) the train halts at eight stations
(iv) it is the shortest route from Chennai to New Delhi
Answer:
(iii) the train halts at eight stations

Question (f)
The destination of Rajadhani express is
(i) Hazarat Nizamudin
(ii) New Delhi junction
(iii) Old Delhi
(iv) Rajkot
Answer:
(i) Hazarat Nizamudin

Grammar

Non-Finite Verbs
Task 1
Underline the gerunds in the following sentences.

1. Boys love playing cricket.
2. I love eating ice creams.
3. Jessie enjoys bothering others.
4. Painting is an interesting hobby.
5. Dancing gives me joy.

Task 2
Use the gerundial form of the verb in the brackets and fill in the blanks.

1. _________ (exercise) is good for health.
2. _________ (fly) a kite is fun.
3. _________ (shop) is my favourite hobby.
4. My friend waited for the _________ (meet).
5. Huckleberry Finn was responsible for _________ (signal).

Answers

1. Exercising
2. Flying
3. Shopping
4. meeting
5. signalling

Task 3
Fill in the blanks with the correct infinitives.

1. Deva forgot ______ the letter.
2. The doctor advised the patient ______ his medicines without fail.
3. Rajesh went to the airport ______ his friend.
4. The bear climbed up the tree ______ the honey.
5. The boys went to the forest ______ birds.
6. tried hard ______ both ends meet.
7. The archaeologists are trying ______ the ruins of Keelady.
8. Solar energy is used ______ electricity.
9. ______ concession, you have to apply well in advance.
10. We have plans ______ to London during summer vacation.

Answer:

1. to post
2. to take
3. to receive
4. to eat
5. to trap
6. to make
7. to rebuild
8. to produce
9. To get
10. to go

Task 4
Combine each of the following pairs of sentences using participles. The first one is done for you.
Example: 1 didn’t know what to do. I phoned the police.

Not knowing what to do, I phoned the police.

Question 1.
The baby cried. She was feeling sleepy.
Answer:
Feeling sleepy, the baby cried.

Question 2.
He lived alone. He had forgotten everybody.
Answer:
Living alone, he had forgotten everybody

Question 3.
She walked out. She was smiling.
Answer:
Smiling, she walked out.

Question 4.
The child says he needs attention. He shouts loudly.
Answer:
Shouting loudly, the child says that he needs attention.

Question 5.
threw the pen. It was broken.
Answer:
The pen being broken, I threw it away.

Question 6.
His coat is tattered. It needs mending.
Answer:
Being tattered, the coat needs mending.

Question 7.
heard the noise. I turned around.
Answer:
Hearing the noise, I turned around

Question 8.
He was dissatisfied. He quit his job.
Answer:
Being dissatisfied, he quit his job.

Question 9.
The politician entered the campus. He was accompanied by many comrades.
Answer:
Being accompanied by many comrades, the politician entered the campus.

Question 10.
The girl entered the room. She was singing a song.
Answer:
Singing a song, the girl entered the room.

Articles And Determiners

Articles
Task 1
Complete the following exercise using a/ an/ the/ ‘o’ (no article) in the underlined space where appropriate. Change capital letters to lower case letters at the beginning of a sentence if necessary.

According to (1) ______ National Weather Report, cyclones are winds circulating (2) ______ counter clockwise in (3) ______ Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in (4) ______ southern Hemisphere. Cyclones are usually accompanied by(5) ______ stormy weather. Tornadoes and hurricanes are types of cyclones.(6) ______ hurricane is (7) ______ cyclone that forms over (8) ______ tropical oceans and seas. (9) ______ hurricane rotates in (10) ______ shape of (11) ______ oval or a circle. (12) ______ Hurricane Andrew, which hit (13) ______ coasts of Louisiana and Southern Florida in August 1992, caused (14) ______ extreme devastation. It was one of (15) ______ most devastating hurricanes ever to hit (16) ______ U.S.. Fourteen people died of (17) ______ Andrew’s effect.
Answer:

1. the
2. ‘o’
3. the
4. the
5. a
6. the
7. The
8. a
9. the
10. The
11. the
12. an
13. The
14. the
15. ‘o’
16. the
17. the
18. the

Task 2
Complete the following sentences using appropriate determiners.

1. Only _____ people can afford to buy a flat in Chennai.
2. She earns so _____ that she could not make a decent living.
3. _____ information that she gave proved false.
4. How _____ sugar do you want?
5. I am very tired today, as I had _____ guests today.
6. _____ of my students have become doctors.
7. _____ do I know about his personal life.
8. How _____ pages did you read?
9. _____ fertilizer used these days spoils the soil.
10. During my student life I used to give _____ trouble to my teachers.

Answer:

1. a few
2. little
3. The
4. much
5. some
6. Some
7. Little
8. many
9. The
10. much

Degrees Of Comparison- Transformation
Task 1
Transform each of the following sentences using the comparative degree without changing the meaning.

Question 1.
Very few Indian languages are as ancient as Tamil.
Answer:
No other Indian language is more ancient than Tamil.

Question 2.
Hurricanes are as dangerous as tornadoes.
Answer:
Hurricanes are not more dangerous than tornadoes.

Question 3.
This is the most challenging task I have ever undertaken.
Answer:
This task is more challenging than any other task I have undertaken.

Question 4.
E-mail is the fastest means of communication.
Answer:
E-mail is faster than all other means of communication.

Question 5.
Compulsive gambling is the worst habit a man can develop.
Answer:
No other habit is more compulsive than gambling that a man can develop.

Task 2
Rewrite each of the following sentences using the superlative degree retaining the meaning.

Question 1.
Shakespeare is greater than many other dramatists of the world.
Answer:
Shakespeare is the greatest dramatist in the world.

Question 2.
Some people think that nothing is as important as money in life.
Answer:
Some people think that money is the most important thing in life.

Question 3.
The peacock is more colourfull than any other bird found in India.
Answer:
The peacock is the most colourfull bird in India.

Question 4.
Very few people in this town are as generous as Mr. Mohan.
Answer:
Mr. Mohan is the most generous person in this town.

Question 5.
No other planet in our solar system is as cold as Neptune.
Answer:
Neptune is the coldest planet in our solar system.

Question 6.
cannot do anything better for you than this.
Answer:
This is the best thing I can do for you.

Task 3
Replace the comparative adjectives in the following sentences with their positive forms.

Question 1.
Rural life is certainly more peaceful than urban life.
Answer:
Urban life is not so peaceful as rural life.

Question 2.
The pen is mightier than the sword.
Answer:
Sword is not so mighty as the pen.

Question 3.
Train journey is more comfortable than bus journey.
Answer:
Bus journey is not so comfortable as train journey.

Question 4.
My mother can speak more sweetly than anyone else.
Answer:
No one can speak so sweetly as my mom.

Question 5.
Gold is not more useful than iron.
Answer:
Gold is not so useful as iron.

Writing

Slogan Writing
Tips for writing an effective slogan

Highlight a key benefit. The point of a slogan is to differentiate a product or brand from that of its competitors, while also underscoring the company’s general mission.

1. Explain the company’s commitment.
2. Be consistent.
3. Keep it short and simple.
4. Give them a rhythm, rhyme and ring.
5. Stay honest.
6. Make it timeless.
7. Be unique and different.

While writing slogans to create awareness among the public

• Explain the need for the change.
• Make it sensible and easy to understand.
• Keep in mind the target audience and use catchy phrases to suit the audience.

Look at the pictures given below, and write slogans to advertise the products. Suggest your own

Sparkle Toothpaste – Removes bacteria and strengthens the gums.
Zoom Cam – Captures beautiful moments
Revos Water Purifier – Pure, natural, refreshing and healthful.
Mughal Gulab Jamun – Roly-poly syrupy sweet, melts in your mouth as soon as you eat.

Write slogans to create awareness of the following topics using the tips given above.

• Junk food – Fast food and fast death
• Labour Day – Labours are your many hands, keep them relaxed and happy.
• Save Water – Don’t let life slip down the drain.
• Yoga – Takes nothing but gives you health, fitness and peace.
• Blood Donation – Your blood can give life to someone.

Paragraph Writing

Write a paragraph of about 150 words, on the following topics.

Question (a)
The teacher I like the most
Answer:
I like my science miss Sangeetha very much. She always uses very lively demonstration to help us understand not only principles or formulaes in Science, but also human values. One day she taught us how plants also have the capacity to feel happiness and respond to the language of love. We thought it was a joke. The next day she brought two plants of the same size in two pots. She asked us to keep one in the next room window and one in our classroom near the window. Both plants were watered regularly. The plant in the classroom window was showered with love and we sang songs and spoke to her in an endearing language. The other plant was ignored. In three months time, the plant we doted on grew tall and started blooming. But the other plant was drooping and about to die. One girl in my class begged the teacher to give the same treatment to the other plant. Both the plants were kept together and the treatment continued. In the next few7 months both grew tall. It became difficult to tell them apart when we asked science miss how7 this happened she said, “With love everything grows.” So, I like Sangeetha teacher very much.

Question (b)
The value of discipline
Answer:
Discipline is of much value in every walk of our lives. We need to be disciplined in the school,home, office, institutions, factory, playground, battlefield or other places. It is necessaiy for leading a happy and peaceful life. It gives us lots of great opportunities, the right way to go ahead, to learn new things in life, to experiences more within less time, etc. and grow. Whereas, indiscipline gives no peace and progress in life, instead it creates lots of problems. Discipline is the act of keeping one’s body, mind and soul under control and doing all the works in the right manner in the right time. It is also following the orders of our parents, elders, superiors, teachers and officers who lead us towards success. We need to behave well in an orderly manner. We should value the importance of discipline in our daily lives. People, who are not disciplined in their lives; face lots of problems and ultimately feel disappointed with themselves.

Question (c)
Need for Moral Education in schools
Answer:
Education is said to be complete only when it leads to the all round development of an individual, which encompasses not only intellectual but also moral development. The social thinking of an individual is influenced by moral education which makes him/ her a person who can distinguish between what is right and what is wrong. In modem times, imparting moral education has become a basic need, where one is fast witnessing a degeneration of moral values. Students are the future of our country. The future of our country depends on the moral values imparted to them. Moral lessons should be properly taught among students in homes, schools and colleges. Moral education is concerned with moral virtues, such as respect for others, honesty and responsibility. It is important as it gives an understanding of diversity, tolerance, mutual respect and pluralistic values. Since young students readily and unconsciously learn whatever is taught to them, whether good or bad, if they do not have proper guidance, they may get misled. Therefore, it is crucial that the students be given moral education which will make them acquire sound religious and moral principles, that will lead to the development of appropriate attitudes and values that will help them take good decisions in their adulthood.

Question (d)
The importance of Good Health
Answer:
We are familiar with the saying, “Health is wealth”. Health is a state of complete physical, social and mental well being and not merely the absence of a disease which is more important than any amounts of wealth. When there is health and peace of mind, a person can achieve more than even he/she can imagine. It is a resource of everyday life. Mahatma Gandhi has said, “It is health which is real wealth, and not pieces of gold and silver”. There is nothing more blessed than to be healthy all through life without being dependent on anyone. People who don’t have a healthy lifestyle, suffer a range of health disorders like obesity, high blood pressure, heart diseases, diabetes, high cholesterol, kidney problems, liver disorders, etc. An unhealthy person will always be worried and cannot be cheerful. Being healthy takes lots of efforts, although, it is rewarding. Being in good health alone allows a person to perform well in their daily lives and be successful.

Question (e)
The importance of Reading
Answer:
Descartes says, “The reading of all good books is like a conversation with the finest people of the past centuries.” It is rightly said that Books are your best friend as reading helps build up your confidence and uplifts your mood. Reading can help one grow and give a new perspective in life. The more one reads, the more one falls in love w’ith reading. Reading develops language skills and vocabulary. Reading books is also a way to relax and reduce stress. Reading increases creativity and enhances one’s understanding of life.

Reading also inspires one to develop writing skill as well. If one wants to adopt some good habits in life then reading should definitely be on the top of one’s list. It plays a vital role in the positive mental attitude and development of a person. Reading leads to self-improvement. The pleasure of reading cannot be expressed in words. One needs to read to experience the joy of reading. There are many advantages of good reading habits which keeps one’s mind active, strong and healthy. Reading is essential for one’s overall personality growth and development. Besides, one will never feel bored or lonely if one develops good reading habits.

Observe the following pictures and write a paragraph in about 150 words about each one of them.

Question (a)

Answer:
Now, in India, we have the technology to predict the time and location of a cyclone at least 6 to 10 hours prior to its occurrence. This picture reminds one of the devastation caused by Gaja cyclone in the recent past.

Tamil Nadu government was much appreciated for the timely warning given to the people. Many farmers in Nagapattinam, Thiruvarur and Pudukkottai districts who had coconut farming were disheartened because it would take a minimum of 15 to 20 years to raise them again. On such disasters, instead of just waiting for the state or centre to give doles of mercy, youth across the state, ‘ who are volunteers in NSS, NCC, JRC, Scouts and Guides can swing into action and help rebuild the victims’ homes by raising funds and by offering labour.

Volunteers can generate awareness among people to go for mixed crops and not depend on only one type of crop for their sustenance. Students can dig wells in such cyclone prone districts because water becomes scarce as all electricity gets disrupted for many weeks. If students pitch in and join in rescue and rehabilitation work, they would be recognised as responsible citizens of the country.

Question (b)

Answer:
Animals in captivity always long for freedom even if they are fed regularly. But, they don’t like it. Animals love to hunt and eat their prey alive. Cats roam freely and chase the rats and eat them. Even if domesticated they don’t want to be kept in a cage like an object showcased for an audience. They want to roam inside the house and even share the pillow of the mistress of the house. The canary’ bird we find in the picture is a singing bird. It is sure that if the cat were out, it would try to make a meal of him. Yet, the bird feels sorry for the caged cat. It tries to appeal to the mistress of the house to let the cat free.

The Status of Tamil as a Classical Language About The Author

George Luzerne Hart is a professor of Tamil language at the University of California, Berkeley. His work focuses on classical Tamil literature and on identifying the relationships between Tamil and Sanskrit literature. In 2015, the Government of India awarded him the title of Padma Shri, the third highest civilian honour. He studied Latin, Greek, Sanskrit and several modem and European languages.

The Status of Tamil as a Classical Language Summary in English

Introduction
Mr. George L. Hart, a linguistic anthropologist, has made an attempt to make a comparative analysis of classical languages of the world. In response to Prof. Maraimalai’s request, the author, after a meticulous analysis of world’s classical languages writes about the position of Tamil, which is the best among the equals.

Eligibility of the scholar
Prof. George L. Hart is heading the Department of Tamil in the University of Carolina, Berkeley, since 1975. Currently he holds the Tamil chair there. He has done his degree in Sanskrit in Harward. Initially, he was appointed as Professor of Sanskrit in the University of Wisconsin, Madison, in 1969. Besides Tamil and Sanskrit, the author is well-versed in Greek and Latin. He has read extensively in their literature in the original. He has a strong grounding in the comparative linguistics and literatures of modem Europe. In recognition of his deep knowledge of Indian classical languages, he was conferred Padma Shri award, the third highest civilian honour

Tamil – A classical language with classical tradition and literature

Three most important things according to the author make Tamil indisputably the best classical language in the world in comparison with Greek, Latin, Arabic and Sanskrit. The first is its antiquity. Sangam literature and the Pattuppattu date to first two centuries of the current era. Secondly, Tamil possesses indigenous literary tradition independent of Sanskrit or any other Indian languages. | In fact, Tamil has influenced Sanskrit and Malayalam to a great extent. Thirdly, it is fit to stand beside the great literatures of Sanskrit, Greek, Persian and Arabic. The subtlety and profundity of Tamil works, their varied scope and universality qualify Tamil to be rated as one of the greater classical tradition of the world. Thirukkural is one of the world’s greatest work on ethics. It covers every facet of human life.

Meeting all criterion of a classical language

Tamil is extremely old (i.e.) as old as Latin and older than Arabic. It arose as an entirely independent tradition with almost no influence from Sanskrit or any other Indian Languages. There’s god’s plenty in Tamil literature.

Conclusion
It is established beyond doubt that Tamil is one of the greatest classical languages of the world. It has become a vital and central part of the greatness and richness of Indian culture.

The Status of Tamil as a Classical Language Summary in Tamil

முன்னுரை
திரு. ஜியார்ஜ் எல். ஹார்ட் எனும் மொழி விற்பன்னர் உலகத்தின் சிறந்த மொழிகளை ஒப்பிடும் முயற்சியில் ஈடுபட்டார். பேராசிரியர் மறைமலை அவர்களது வேண்டுகோளுக்கு இணங்க, ஆசிரியர் உலகத்தில் உள்ள தொன்மையான மொழிகளைப் பகுப்பாய்வு செய்து செம்மொழிகளுள் தமிழ் தலைசிறந்தது என்ற தமிழின் நிலையைப் பற்றி எழுதுகிறார்.

பண்டிதனின் தகுதி:
பெர்க்லேயில் உள்ள பேராசிரியர் ஜியார்ஜ் எல். ஹார்ட், கலிபோர்னியா பல்கழைக்கழகத்தில் தமிழ் துறையில் தலைமை பொறுப்பாளராகப் பொறுப்பேற்று 1975 முதலே பணியாற்றி வருகிறார். தற்போது தமிழ்த்துறையின்

பொறுப்பாளராகப்பணியாற்றுகிறார். சமஸ்கிருத மொழியில் பட்டப்படிப்பை ஹர்வேட் பல்கலைக்கழகத்தில் முடித்தார். அவர் முதன் முதலாக மடின்சனில் உள்ள விஸ்கான்சின் பல்கலைக்கழகத்தின் சமஸ்கிருத மொழியின் பேராசிரியராக நியமிக்கப்பட்டார். தமிழ், சமஸ்கிருதத்தைத் தவிர கதாசிரியர் கிரேக்க மற்றும் லத்தீன் மொழிகளிலும் புலமை பெற்றிருந்தார். அந்த இலக்கிய நூல்களின் மூலப்பிரதிகளை பரவலாகப் படித்துள்ளார். மொழிகளை ஒப்பிடுவதிலும் ஐரோப்பிய இலக்கிய நூல்களிலும் பலமான அடிப்படை நுணுக்கங்களைப் பெற்றிருந்தார். இந்திய பாரம்பரிய மொழிகளின்பால் அவருக்கிருந்த ஆழ்ந்த’ புலமையை அங்கிகரிக்கும் வகையில் அவருக்கு மூன்றாம் நிலை உயர்ந்த குடிமகன் விருதான ‘பத்மஸ்ரீ’ வழங்கப்பட்டது.

தமிழ் – பாரம்பரியமும் மற்றும் இலக்கியமும் கொண்ட சிறந்த மொழி:

லத்தீன், அரேபிய மற்றும் சமஸ்கிருத மொழிகளுக்கு நிகராக சர்ச்சைக்கு இடமே இல்லாத வகையில் தமிழ் மொழியை ஆசிரியர் கணிக்க மூன்று காரணங்கள் உள்ளன. முதலாவதாக தமிழ் பண்டைய காலத்திய மொழியாகும். சங்க இலக்கியமும் மற்றும் பத்துப்பாட்டும் இந்த நூற்றாண்டில் முதல் 200 ஆண்டுகளைத் தழுவியது. இரண்டாவதாக தமிழ் மொழியானது சமஸ்கிருத மொழியையோ அல்லது வேறு இந்திய மொழியையோ தழுவாத தேசிய இலக்கிய பாரம்பரியத்தைப் பெற்றது. இரண்டாவதாக, தமிழ்மொழி தேசிய இலக்கிய பாரம்பரியத்தைப் பெற்றிருப்பதோடு, சமஸ்கிருத மொழியிலிருந்தும் இதர இந்திய மொழிகளிலிருந்தும் தனித்துவம் பெற்று இருந்தது. சொல்லப் போனால், தமிழ் மொழி சமஸ்கிருத மற்றும் மலையாள மொழிக்கு ஊன்றுகோலாக அமைந்தது. மூன்றாவதாக சமஸ்கிருத, கிரேக்க, பெர்சிய மற்றும் அரேபிய இலக்கியங்களுக்கு நிகராக நிற்கும் தகுதியையும் அது பெற்றிருந்தது. தமிழ் மொழியின் நுணுக்கம், ஆழ்ந்த தன்மை, அதன் விசாலம் மற்றும் எங்கும் பரவியிருக்கும் தன்மைகள் தமிழை உலகிலேயே உன்னத பாரம்பரிய தத்துவங்களைத் தழுவியது என உறுதி செய்கிறது. திருக்குறள் உலகிலேயே உன்னதமான நீதிநெறி நூலாகும். அது மனித வாழ்க்கையின் எல்லாக் கோணங்களையும் படம் பிடித்துக் காட்டுகிறது.

பாரம்பரிய மொழிக்கான எல்லா தகுதியையும் உடையது:

தமிழ் மிகப் பழமையான மொழியாகும். லத்தீன் மொழியை ஒத்ததும், அரேபிய மொழிக்கும் அப்பாற்பட்டதாகும். தமிழ் தனி பாரம்பரிய மொழியாக எந்த மொழியின் தொடர்பும் இன்றி சுயம்பு போலத் தோன்றியது. கடவுளின் அருள் நிறைந்தது தமிழ் மொழி.

முடிவுரை:
சந்தேகத்திற்கு இடமில்லாமல் தமிழ் உலகிலேயே மிகச் சிறந்த பாரம்பரிய மொழி என நிலைநாட்டப்பட்டுள்ளது. அது தமிழ் கலாச்சாரத்தின் முக்கிய மற்றும் மையமான புகழையும் மற்றும் சிறப்பையும் கொண்டதாக விளங்குகிறது.

The Status of Tamil as a Classical Language Glossary

Textual:

Additional:

The Status of Tamil as a Classical Language Synonyms

Find out the synonym of the underlined word in each of the following sentences.

Question 1.
Tamil is unequivocally one of the greatest classical literature.
(a) unruly
(b) unbiasedly
(c) unambiguously
(d) uncontrollably
Answer:
(c) unambiguously

Question 2.
I am well acquainted with comparative linguistics.
(a) familiar
(b) similar
(c) polar
(d) scholar
Answer:
(a) familiar

Question 3.
Tamil is of considerable antiquity.
(a) modernness
(b) staleness
(c) ancientness
(d) sophistication
Answer:
(c) ancientness

Question 4.
They are the first great secular body of poetry.
(a) religious
(b) devotional
(c) pious
(d) non – religious
Answer:
(d) non – religious

Question 5.
Tamil constitutes the only literary tradition indigenous to India.
(a) foreign
(b) alien
(c) native
(d) unique
Answer:
(c) native

Question 6.
It has its own aesthetics.
(a) fairness
(b) justice
(c) sense of humour
(d) sense of beauty
Answer:
(d) sense of beauty

Question 7.
It shows a sort of Indian sensibility.
(a) senility
(b) serenity
(c) serendipity
(d) sensibility
Answer:
(d) sensibility

Question 8.
The subtlety and profundity of its works amaze us.
(a) politeness
(b) nuance
(c) rudeness
(d) sanity
Answer:
(b) nuance

Question 9.
Tamil is the only pre-modem Indian literature to treat the subaltern extensively.
(a) narrowly
(b) wildly
(c) mildly
(d) broadly
Answer:
(d) broadly

Question 10.
Every facet of human existence is explored.
(a) face
(b) stage
(c) phase
(d) feature
Answer:
(d) feature

Question 11.
The sacred works of Tamil literature have undergirded the development of modem Hinduism,
(a) superficially supported
(b) ornamentally supported
(c) provided fundamental support
(d) gave fake support
Answer:
(c) provided fundamental support

Question 12.
Tirukkural has illuminated all facets of human life.
(a) made clear
(b) made ambiguous
(c) made vague
(d) made a clutter
Answer:
(a) made clear

Question 13.
Sanskrit is the most conservative language.
(a) modem
(b) radical
(c) traditional
(d) innovative
Answer:
(c) traditional

Question 14.
Tamil is the touchstone that linguists must consult to understand the nature of development of Dravidian.
(a) base
(b) foundation
(c) criterion
(d) cradle
(c) criterion

Question 15.
Modem Indian languages are the most fecund and productive ones.
(a) infertile
(b) arid
(c) fertile
(d) poor
Answers:
(c) fertile

The Status of Tamil as a Classical Language Antonyms

Find out the antonym of the underlined word in each of the

Question 1.
I am well acquainted with comparative linguistics.
(a) well-versed
(b) familiar
(c) conversant
(d) unfamiliar
Answer:
(d) unfamiliar

Question 2.
Tamil is one of the greatest classical literatures.
(a) ancient
(b) time-tested
(c) medieval
(d) modern
Answer:
(d) modern

Question 3.
They are the first great secular body of poetry written in India.
(a) irreligious
(b) religious
(c) irrevered
(d) irascible
Answer:
(b) religious

Question 4.
Tamil is indigenous to India.
(a) native
(b) foreign
(c) local
(d) fecund
Answer:
(b) foreign

Question 5.
They are the most fecund and productive languages.
(a) fertile
(b) rich
(c) barren
(d) nutrients
Answer:
(c) barren

Question 6.
Tamil is unequivocally a classical language.
(a) clearly
(b) candidly
(c) slyly
(d) vaguely
Answer:
(d) vaguely

Question 7.
The great sacred works are equally important.
(a) holy
(b) unholy
(c) corrupt
(d) saintly
Answer:
(b) unholy

Question 8.
Sanskrit is the most conservative language in India.
(a) traditional
(b) orthodoxical
(c) ritualistic
(d) modern
Answer:
(d) modern

Question 9.
it is quite unique.
(a) normal
(b) distinctive
(c) common
(d) drab
Answer:
(c) common

Question 10.
Tamil has treated the subaltern extensively.
(a) inferior
(b) superior
(c) ugly
(d) wise
Answer:
(b) superior

Question 11.
Tirukkural illuminated every facet or human life.
(a) exposed
(b) explored
(c) exploited
(d) concealed
Answer:
(d) concealed

Question 12.
Their universality makes Tamil stand as one of the greatest.
(a) prevalence
(b) acceptance
(c) popularity
(d) denial
Answer:
(d) denial

Question 13.
It is patently obvious to anyone who knows the subject.
(a) clearly
(b) ambiguously
(c) candidly
(d) obviously
Answer:
(b) ambiguously

Question 14.
Tirukkural is merely one of the myriad of major works.
(a) plenty
(b) several
(c) a few
(d) bountiful
Answer:
(c) a few

Question 15.
Tamil is of considerable antiquity.
(a) ancientness
(b) modernness
(c) fun
(d) seriousness
Answer:
(b) modernness