Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 14 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 14 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

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Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Textual Evaluation Solved

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The IUPAC name of  is ………….
(a) 2-Bromopent – 3 – ene
(b) 4-Bromopent – 2 – ene
(c) 2-Bromopent – 4 – ene
(d) 4-Bromopent – 1 – ene
Answer:
(b) 4 – Bromopent – 2 – ene

Question 2.
Of the following compounds. which has the highest boiling point’?
(a) n-Butyl chloride
(b) Isobutyl chloride
(c) t-Butyl chloride
(d) n-propyl chloride
Answer:
(a) n-Butyl chloride

Question 3.
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their density.
(A) CCl₄
(B) CHCl₃
(C) CH₂Cl₂
(D) CH₃Cl
(a) D<C<B<A
(b) C<B<A<D
(c) A<B<C<D
(d) C<A<B<D
Answer:
(a) D<C<B<A

Question 4.
With respect to the position of – Cl in the compound CH₃ – CH = CH – CH₂ – Cl, it is classified as ………..
(a) Vinyl
(b) Allyl
(c) Secondary
(d) Aralkyl
Answer:
(b) Allyl

Question 5.
What should be the correct IUPAC name of diethyl chioromethane?
(a) 3-Chioropentane
(b) 1-Chloropentane
(c) 1-Chloro- 1, 1, diethylmethanc
(d) 1-Chloro- 1 -ethylpropane
Answer:
(a) 3-Chioropentane

Question 6.
C-X bond is strongest in …………
(a) Chioromeihane
(b) lodomethane
(c) Bromomethane
(d) Fluoromethanc
Answer:
(d) Fluoromethane

Question 7.
In the reaction  X + N₂, X is …………

Answer:

Question 8.
Which of the following compounds will give racemic mixture on nucleophilic substitution by OH^– ion?

(a) (i)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii)
(d) (i) and (ii)
Answer:
(c) (iii)

Question 9.
The treatment of ethyl formate with excess of RMgX gives –

Answer:
(c) R—CHO

Question 10.
Benzene reacts with Cl₂ in the presence of FeCl₂ and in absence of sunlight to form –
(a) Chiorobenzene
(b) Benzyl chloride
(c) Benzal chloride
(d) Benzene hexachloride
Answer:
(a) Chiorobenzene

Question 11.
The name of C₂F₄Cl₂ is –
(a) Freon – 112
(b) Freon – 113
(c) Freon – 114
(d) Freon – 115
Answer:
(c) Freon – 114

Question 12.
Which of the following reagent is helpful to differentiate ethylene dichloride and ethylidene chloride?
(a) Zn / methanol
(b) KOH / ethanol
(c) Aqueous KOH
(d) ZnCl₂ / Cone. HCl
Answer:
(e) Aqueous KOH

Question 13.
Match the compounds given in Column I with suitable items given in Column II.
Answer:

Code:
(a) A→2,B→4,C→1,D→3
(b) A→3,B→2,C→4,D→1
(c) A→1,B→2,C→3,D→4
(d) A→3,B→1,C→4,D→2
Answer:
(d) A→3,B→1,C→4,D→2

Question 14.
Assertion : in monohaloarenes, electrophilic substitution occurs at oriho and para positions.
Reason : Halogen atom is a ring deactivator.
(a) If both assertion and reason arc true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
Answer:
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

Question 15.
Consider the reaction, CH₃CH₂CH₂Br + NaCN → CH₃CH₂CH₂CN + NaBr This reaction will be the fastest in …………
(a) ethanol
(b) methanol
(c) DMF (N, N’ – dimethyl forrnamide)
(d) water
Answer:
(c) DMF (N, N’ – dimethyl fonuarnide)

Question 16.
Freon-12 is manufactured from tetrachioromethane by …………
(a) Wurtz reaction
(b) Swarts reaction
(c) DMF (N, N’ – dimethyl tòrmamide)
(d) water
Answer:
(c) DMF (N, N’ – dimethyl formarnide)

Question 16.
Frcon-12 is manufactured from tetrachioromethane by …………
(a) Wurtz reaction
(b) Swans reaction
(c) Haloform reaction
(d) Gattennann reaction
Answer:
(b) Swarts reaction

Question 17.
The most easily hydrolysed molecule under S_N¹ condition is …………
(a) allyl chloride
(b) ethyl chloride
(c) isopropyl chloride
(d) benzyl chloride
Answer:
(a) benzyl chloride

Question 18.
The carbocation formed in S_N¹ reaction of alkyl halide in the slow step is …………
(a) sp³ hybridised
(b) sp² hybridised
(c) sp hybridised
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) sp² hybridised

Question 19.
The major products obtained when chiorobenzene is nitrated with HNO₃ and cone. H₂SO₄
(a) 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzenc
(b) 1-chloro-2-n itrobenzene
(c) 1-chloro-3-n itroberizene
(d) 1-chloro- 1 -nitrobenzene
Answer:
(a) 1 -chloro-4-nitrobenzene

Question 20.
Which one of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?

Answer:

Question 21.
Ethylidene chloride on treatment with aqueous KOH gives …………
(a) acetaldehyde
(b) ehtylene glycol
(c) formaldehyde
(d) glyoxal
Answer:
(a) acetaldehyde

Question 22.
The raw material for Rasching process is …………
(a) chiorobenzene
(b) phenol
(c) benzene
(d) anisole
Answer:
(c) benzene

Question 23.
Chloroform reacts with nitric acid to produce …………
(a) nitro-toluene
(b) nitro-glycerine
(c) chloropicrin
(d) chioropicric acid
Answer:
(c) chioropicrin

Question 24
Acetone X, X is …………
(a) 2-propanol
(b) 2-methyl-2-propanol
(c) 1 -propanol
(d) acetonol
Answer:
(b) 2-methyl-2-propanol

Question 25.
Silver propionate when refluxed with Bromine in carbon tetrachioride gives …………
(a) propionic acid
(b) chioroethane
(c) bromoethane
(d) chioropropane
Answer:
(c) bromoethane

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Short Answer Questions

Question 26.
Classify the following compounds in the form of alkyl. allylic, vinyl, benzylic halides:
(a) CH₃-CH = CH-Cl
(b) C₆H₅CH₂I

(d) CH₂ = CH – Cl
Answer:
(a) CH₃-CH = CH-Cl – Allylic halide
(b) C₆H₅CH₂ – Benzylic halide

(d) CH₂ = CHCl – Vinyl halide

Question 27.
Why chlorination of methane is not possible in dark?
Answer:

• Chlorination of methane is a free radical substitution reaction.
• Before chlorine reacts with methane, the Cl-Cl single bond must break to form free radicals and this can only be done in the presence of ultraviolet light.
• In dark, chlorine free radicals formation is not possible and so chlorination of methane is not possible in dark.
• The ultraviolet light is a source of energy and it being used to break of Cl-Cl and
  produce Cl free radical Free radical’s which can attack methane. in dark this is not possible.

Question 28.
How will you prepare n-propyl iodide from n-propyl bromide?
Answer:
Finkeistein reaction:
n-propyl bromide on heating with a concentrated solution of sodium iodide in dry acetone gives n-propyl iodide. This S_N² reaction is called Finkelstein reaction.

Question 29.
Which alkyl halide from the following pair is –
1. chiral
2. undergoes faster S_N² reaction?

Answer:
1.

Here the C*is chiral carbon atom and it is surrounded by four different groups. Br
2.  i.e., 1-chiorohutane undergoes faster S_N² reaction. CH₃-CH₂-CH₂Cl is a primary alkyl halide and so it undergoes faster S_N² reaction.

Question 30.
How does chiorobenzene react with sodium in the presence of ether? What is the name of the reaction?
Answer:
Chiorobenzene when heated with sodium in ether solution will forrn biphenyl as the product. This reaction is called fitting reaction.

Question 31.
Give reasons for polarity of C-X bond in haloalkancs.
Answer:

• Carbon halogen bond is a polar bond as halogens are more electronegative than carbon.
• The carbon atom exhibits a partial positive change (δ⁺) and halogen atom acquires a partial negative change. (δ^–)
• 

Question 32.
Why is it necessary to avoid even traces of moisture during the use of Grignard reagent?
Answer:
Grignard reagents are highly reactive substances. They react with any source of proton to form hydrocarbons. Even water is sufficiently acidic to convert it into the corresponding hydrocarbon. So it is necessary to avoid even traces of moisture with the Grignard reagent as they arc highly reactive.

Question 33.
What happens when acetyl chloride is treated with excess of CH₃ MgI?
Answer:
When acetyl chloride is treated with excess of Grignard reagent, the product formed is tertiary butyl alcohol.

Question 34.
Arrange the following alkyl halideïniiicreasing order of bond enthalpy of RX: CH₃Br, CH₃F, CH₃Cl, CH₃I
Answer:
increasing order of bond enthalpy of RX is …………
CH₃ I bond enthalpy 234 kJ mol^-1
CH₃ Br bond enthalpy 293 kJ mol^-1
CH₃ Cl bond enthalpy 351 kJ mol^-1
CH₃ F bond enthalpy 452 IcI mol^-1
CH₃ F > CH₃ Cl> CH₃Br < CH₃ I

Question 35.
What happens when chloroform reacts with oxygen in the presence of sunlight?
Answer:
Chloroform undergoes oxidation in the presence of sunlight and air to form phosgene (carboxyl chloride)

Since phosgene is very poisonous, therefore its presence makes chloroform unfit for use as anaesthetic.

Question 36.
Write down the possible isomers of C₅H₁₁Br and give their IUPAC and common names.
Answer:
C₅H₁₁Br : 8 isomers are possible.

Question 37.
Mention any three methods of preparation of haloalkanes from alcohols.
Answer:
Haloalkanes are prepared from alcohols by treating with –

1. HCl
2. PCl₅
3. SO₂Cl₂

Answer:
1. Reaction of alcohol with hydrogen halide:

2. Reaction of alcohol with phosphorous halide:

3. Reaction of alcohol with thionyl chloride:

Question 38.
Compare S_N¹ and S_N² reaction mechanisms.
Answer:
S_N¹ Mechanism:
1. It is a unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction of first order.
2. It takes place in two steps.
3. It leads to racemisation.
4. It mostly take place in tertiary alkyl halides.
5. The rate of the reaction depends only on the concentration one of substrate and so it is a first order reaction.
Step – I

Step – II

S_N² Mechanism:
1. It is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction of second order.
2. It takes place in one step.
3. It leads to invertion of configuration.
4. It mostly take place in primary alkyl halides.
5. The rate of the reaction depends on the concentration of both the substrate as well as the nucleophile and so it is a second order reaction.

Question 39.
Compare S_N¹ and S_N² reaction mechanisms.

Answer:

Question 40.
Discuss the aromatic nucicophilic substitution reactions of chiorobenzene.
Answer:
Aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions:
Dow’s process:

Question 41.
Account for the following –
1. t-butyl chloride reacts with aqueous KOH by S_N¹ mechanism while n-butyl chloride reacts with S_N² mechanism.
2. p-dichlorobenzene has higher melting point than those of o-and m-dichlorobenzene.
Answer:
1. In t-butyl chloride, there is niore steric hindrance and it involves formation of a stable tertiary carbocation. Therefore it reacts with KOH by S_N¹ mechanism rather than S_N² mechanism because S_N¹ mechanism is faourable in case of steric crowding and is directly proportional to partial positive charge on carbon atom. In n-butyl chloride, there is least steric hindrance and involves formation of less stable primary carbocation. Thus it takes place in one step and is favoured by S_N² mechanism.

2. Melting point of p – dichiorobenzene is higher than that of ortho and meta-dichiorobenzene. This is due to the fact that is has a symmetrical structure and therefore, its molecules can easily pack closely in the crystal lattice. p-dichlorobcnzene being more symmetrical fits closely in the crystal lattice and has stronger intermolecular attraction than o & m isomers. So p-isomer has high melting point than the corresponding o & m-isomers.

Question 42.
In an experiment ethyliodide in ether is allowed to stand over magnesium pieces. Magnesium dissolves and product is formed
(a) Name the product and write the equation for the reaction.
(b) Why all the reagents used in the reaction should be dry? Explain.
(c) How is acetone prepared from the product obtained in the experiment?
Answer:
(a) When ethyl iodide in ether is allowed to stand over magnesium pieces. the product formed will be Ethyl magnesium iodide.

(b) Gngnard reagent are highly reactive compounds and react with any source of proton to give hydrocarbons. Even when water is there, it is sufficiently acidic to convert it into the corresponding hydrocarbon. So it is necessary to avoid even traces of moisture with the grignard reagent as they are highly reactive. That is why the all reagents used in the reaction should be dry.

Methyl magnesium iodide reacts with acetyl chloride to form acetone.

Question 43.
Write a chemical reaction useful to prepare the following:
1. Freon- 12 from carbon tetrachioride.
2. Carbon tetrachioride from carbon disulphide.
Answer:
1. Freon-12 from carbon tetrachioride:
Freon- 12 is prepared by the action of hydrogen fluoride on carbon tetrachioride in the presence of catalytic amount of antimony pentachloride. This is called “swartz reaction”.

2. Carbon tetrachioride from carbon disuiphide:
Carbon disuiphide reacts with chlorine gas in the presence ofanhydrous AlCl₃ as catalyst to give carbon tetrachloridc.

Question 44.
What are Freons? Discuss their uses and environmental effects.
Answer:
Freons are the chiorofluoro derivatives of methane and ethane.
Freon is represented as Freon – cba
Where, c = number of carbon atoms, b = number of hydrogen atoms, a = total number of fluorine atoms.
CF₂Cl₂ = 0
c = 1 – 1 = 0
H = 0 +1 = 1
F = 2
So Freon – 12 is CF₂Cl₂

Uses of Freons:

• Freons are used as refrigerants in refrigerators and air conditioners.
• it is used as a propellant for aerosols and foams.
• it is used as propellant for foams to spray out deodorants, shaving creams and insecticides.

Environmental effects of Freons:

1. Freon gas is a very powerful greenhouse gas which means that it traps the heat normally radiated from the earth out into the space. This causes the earth’s temperature to increase, resulting in rising sea levels, droughts. stronger storms, flash floods and a host of other very unpleasant effect.

2. As freon moves throughout the air, its chemical ingredients causes depletion of ozone layer. Depletion of ozone increases the amount of ultraviolet radiations that reaches the earths surface, resulting in serious risk to human health. High levels of ozone, in turn, causes resoiratory problems and can also kill olants.

Question 45.
Predict the products when bromoethane is treated with the fòllowing:
1. KNO₂
2. AgNO₂
Answer:
1. When bromoethane is treated with KNO₂ the product formed is Ethyl nitrite.

2. When bromoethane is treated with AgNO₂ nitroethane will be formed as the product.

Question 46.
Explain the mechanism of S_N¹ reaction by highlighting the stereochemistry behind it.
Answer:
1. S_N¹ stands for unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction of first order reaction.
2. The rate of the following S_N¹ reaction depends upon the concentration of alkyl halide
(RX) and it is independent of the concentration of the nucicophile (OH^– ) used.
3. R-Cl + OH^– R – OH + Cl^–
4. This S_N¹ reaction follows first order kinetics and it occurs in two steps:
5. S_N¹ reaction mechanism takes place in tertiary butyl bromide with aqueous KOH a follows:

6. the 2 steps of the reaction are:
Step 1:
Formation of carbocation:
The polar C-Br bond breaks first forming a carbocation and bromide ion. This step is slow and hence it is the rate determining step.

The carbocation has two equivalent lobes of the vaccant 2p orbital, So it can react equally fast form either face.

Step 2:
The nucleophile immediately reacts with the carbocation. This step is fast and hence does not affect the rate of the reaction.

The nucleophile OH can attack carbocation from both the sides.

Question 47.
Write short notes on the the following:
1. Raschig process
2. Dows Process
3. Darzens process
Answer:
1. Raschig process:
Chiorobenzene is commercially prepared by passing a mixture of benzene vapour in air and HUt over heated cupric chloride.

2. Dow’s process:
Chiorobenzene is boiled with Sodium hydroxide to get Phenol. This reaction is called Dow’s process.

3. Darzens process:
Ethanol reacts with SOCl, in the presence of pyridine to form chloroethane. This reaction is called Darzens process.

Question 48.
Starting from CH₃MgI. How will you prepare the following’?

1. Acetic acid
2. Acetone
3. Ethyl acetate
4. Isopropyl alcohol
5. Methyl cyanide

Answer:
1. Acetic acid from grignard reagent:

2. Acetone from Gngnard reagent:

3. Ethyl acetate from Grignard reagent:

4. Isopropyl alcohol from Grignard reagent:

5. Methyl cyanide form Grignard reagent:

Question 49.
Complete the following reactions:

Answer:

Question 50.
Explain the preparation of the following compounds:

1. DDT
2. Chloroform
3. Biphenyl
4. Chioropicrin
5. Freon-12

Answer:
1. DUT

2. Chloroform:

3. Biphenyl:
Fittig reaction:

4. Chioropicrin.

5. Freon – 12.

Question 51.
An organic compound (A) with molecular formula C₂H₅Cl reacts with KOH gives compounds (B) and with alcoholic KOH gives compound (C). Identify (A), (B) and (C)
Answer:

1. An organic compound (A) of molecular formula C₂H₅Cl is identified as Chioroethane with molecular formula CH₂-CH₂Cl from the formula.

2. Chioroethane reacts with aqueous KOH to give ethanol, i.e., Aqueous C₂H₅OH as (B) by substitution reaction.

3. ChIooethane reacts with alcoholic KOH to give ethene C₂H₄ as (C) by elimination reaction.


Question 52.
Simplest alkene (A) reacts with HCl to form compound (B).Compound (B) reacts with ammonia to form compound (C) of molecular formula C₂H₂N. Compound (C) undergoes carbylarnine test. Identify (A), (B), and (C).
Answer:

1. The simplest alkene (A) is CH₂ = CH₂, ethene.

2. Ethene reacts with HCl to give Chioroethane CH₂-CH₂Cl as (B) by addition reaction.

3. Chioroethane reacts with ammonia to give Ethylamine CH₃-CH₂ NH₂ as (C). It is a primary amine and Carbylamine test is the characteristic test for 1° amine.

Question 53.
A hydrocarbon C₃H₆ (A) reacts with HBr to form compound (B). Compound (B) reacts with aqueous potassium hydroxide to give (C) of molecular formula C₃H₈O. What are (A) (B) and (C). Explain the reactions.
Answer:

1. The hydrocarbon with molecular formula C₃H₆ (A) is identified as propene,
CH₃-CH = CH₂

2. Propene reacts with HBr to form brornopropane CH₃—CH₂—CH₂Br as (B).

3. 1 -bromopropanc react with aqueous potassium hydroxide to give 1 -propanol
CH₃ – CH₂ CH₂OH as (C).

4. 2-bromo propane reacts with aqueous KOH to give 2-propanol as (C)

Question 54.
Two isomers (A) and (B) have the same molecular formula C₂H₄Cl₂. Compound (A) reacts with aqueous KOK, gives compound (C) of molecular formula C₂H₄O. Compound (B) reacts with aqueous KOH, gives compound (D) of molecular formula C₂H₆O₂. Identif’ (A), (B), (C) and (D).
Answer:

1. The compounds (A) and (B) with the molecular formula C₂H₄Cl₂ are and respectively with IUPAC names: 1, 1-dichloroethane (A) and 1.

2. 1, 1-dichloroethane reacts with aqueous KOH tp give CH₃CHO Acetaldehyde as (C).

3. 1 ,2-dichloroethane reacts with aqueous KOH to give ethylene glycol  as (D).

[Evaluate Yourself ]

Question 1.
Write the IUPAC name of the following:

Answer:

Question 2.
Write the structure of the following compounds:

1. 1-Bromo-4-cthylcyclo hexane
2. 1 4-Dichlorobut-2-ene
3. 2 Chloro-3-methyl pentane

Answer:
1. 1-Bromo-4 ethylcyclo hexane

2. 1. 4-Dichioro but-2-ene

3. 2-Çhloro-3-methyl pentane

Question 3.
Write all possible chain isomers with molecular formula C₅H₁₁Cl
Answer:
C₅H₁₁Cl:
8 isomers arc possible. These are –

Question 4.
neo-pentyl bromide undergoes nucleophilic substitution reactions very slowly. Justify.
Answer:
1.  neo-pentyl bromide undergoes nucleophilic substitution reactions very slowly due to steric hindrance of many alkyl groups. When bromide is attached to neo-pentyl carbon atom, the heterolytic cleavage of C-Br takes place very slowly and substitution is also a very slow reaction.

2. Due to bulky neo-pentyl group, it becomes difficult for a nucleophile to attack from the back side of carbon having C-Br bond.

3. Splitting of C-Br gives a primary carbocation which is very less stable. So neo-pentyl bromide undergoes nucleophilic substitution reactions very slowly.

Question 5.
Why Grignard reagent should be prepared in anhydrous condition’?
Answer:
Grignard reagent are highly reactive species and react with any source of proton to give hydrocarbons. Even when water is there, it is sufficiently acidic to convert it into the corresponding hydrocarbon. So it is necessary to avoid even traces of moisture while preparing grignard reagent as they are highly reactive and that is why gngnard reagent should be prepared in anhydrous conditions.

Question 6.
Haloalkanes undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction whereas haloarenes undergo electrophilic substitution reaction. Comment.
Answer:
Haloalkanes undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions due to high clectronegativity of the halogen atom. The C-X bond in haloalkanes is slightly polar, thereby the C atom acquires a slight positive charge in C-X bond. [lence C atom is a good target for attack for nucleophiles. Therefore C-X atom of haloalkanes is replaced by a nucleophile easily.

On the other hand in haloarenes, the halogen atom releases electron to the benzene nucleus relatively electron rich with respect to the halogen atom. As a result the electrophilic attack occurs at ortho and para positions. Hence haloarenes undergo electrophilic substitution reactions.

Question 7.
Chloroform is kept with a little ethyl alcohol in a dark coloured bottle. Why?
Answer:
1. Chlorofòrm is slowly oxidised by air in the presence of light to an extremely poisonous gas, carboxyl chloride (phosgene). it is therefore stored in closed dark coloured bottles completely filled so that air is kept out.

2. With the use of 1% ethanol we can stabilise chloroform, because ethanol can convert the poisonous COCl₂ gas into non poisonous diethyl carbonate.
COCl₂ + 2C₂H₅OH CO(OC₂H₅)₂ + 2HCl

Question 8.
What is the IUPAC name of the insecticide DDT? Why is their use banned in most of the countries?
Answer:
1. The IUPAC name of the insecticide DDT isp, p-dichloro-diphenyl trichioroethane.
2. Even DDT is an effective insecticide. Now-adays it is banned because of its long term toxic effects.
3. DDT is very persistent in the environment and it has a high affinity for fatty tissues. As a result, DDT gets accumulated in animal tissue fat, in particular that of birds of prey with subsequent thinning of their eggs shells and impacting their rate of reproduction. That is why DDT is banned in most of the countries.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Additional Questions Solved

I. Choose The Correct Answer.

Question 1.
Which of the following is an example for polyhalo compounds?
(a) Vnyl iodide
(b) Chiorobenzene
(c) Allyl chloride
(d) Chloroform
Answer:
(d) Chloroform

Question 2.
Which of the following is a secondary haloalkane?
(a) Bromoethane
(b) 2-Chioropropane
(c) 2-Jodo-2-methylpropane
(d) 1-Chloropropane
Answer:
(b) 2-Chioropropane

Question 3.
How many isomers are possible for the formula C₄H₉Cl?
(a) 3
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(c) 4

Question 4.
How many isomers are possible for the formula C₅H₁₁Br?
(a) 11
(b) 8
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(b) 8

Question 5.
Which of the following is called Lucas reagent?
(a) Conc. H₂SO₄ + Anhydrous CuSO₄
(b) Conc.HCl + Anhydrous ZnCl₂
(c) Dil.HCl + AlCl₃
(d) Conc.HCl + ConcHNO₂
Answer:
(b) Conc.HCl + Anhydrous ZnCl₂

Question 6.
Which of the following mechanism is followed in the halogenation of alkanes in the presence of U-V light?
(a) Nucleophilic substitution
(b) Electrophilic addition
(c) Free radical substitution
(d) Elimination reaction
Answer:
(c) Free radical substitution

Question 7.
The reactivity of alcohols with haloacid is –
(a) 3° > 2° > 1°
(b) 1° > 2° > 3°
(c) 2° > 3° > 1°
(d) 3° > l° > 2°
Answer:
(a) 3° > 2°> 1°

Question 8.
Which of the following reagent is not used to convert alcohol to haloalkane?
(a) H-X
(b) PX₅
(c) CCl₄
(d) SOCl₂
Answer:
(c) CCl₄

Question 9.
What is the name of the reaction in which bromoethane is converted to iodoethane by reacting with NaI in acetone?
(a) Hunsdicker reaction
(b) Dow’s process
(c) Finkelstein reaction
(d) Swarts reaction
Answer:
(c) Finkeistein reaction

Question 10.
Identify the correct order of boiling point of haloalkanes?

Answer:

Question 11.
Which of the following pair functional groups represents ambident nucleophiles?
(a)-SH-&-OH
(b)-CN-&-NO₂
(c)-Br-&-Cl
(d)-O-&-CHO
Answer:
(b)-CN & NO₂

Question 12.
Which one following mechanism will be followed when Tartiary butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH?
(a) S_N¹ mechanism
(b) E₁ mechanism
(c) S_N² mechanism
(d) E₂ mechanism
Answer:
(b) E₁ mechanism

Question 13.
Which one of the following is used for producing pesticìdes?
(a) CHI₃
(b) CHCl₃
(c) CCl₃ NO₂
(d) CCl₄
Answer:
(b) CHCl₃

Question 14.
Which one of the following react with gringnard reagent followed by hydrolysis will yield primary alcohol?
(a) CH₃ CHO
(b) HCHO
(c) CH₃ COCH₃
(d) CO₂
Answer:
(b) HCHO

Question 15.
Which one of the following reacts with CH₃MgI followed by hydrolysis and gives isopropyl alcohol?
(a) CH₃ COCH₃
(b) CH₃ CHO
(c) HCHO
(d) CNCl
Answer:
(b) CH₃ CHO

Question 16.
Which one of the following reacts with CH₃ Mg I followed by hydrolysis to yield tert. butyl alchol ?
(a) CH₃CHO
(b) HCHO
(c) CH₃COOC₂H₅
(d) CH₃COCH₃
Answer:
(d) CH₃COCH₃

Question 17.
Which one of the following reacts with CH₃ Mg I followed by acid hydrolysis to yield acetic acid ?
(a) CNCl
(b) CH₃COOC₂H₅
(c) HCOOC₂H₅
(d) CO₂
Answer:
(d) CO₂

Question 18.
Which one of the following reagent react with methyl magnesium iodide followed by acid hydrolysis to give ethyl acetate?
(a) Chiorodimethyl ether
(b) Ethyl chloroformate
(c) Ethyl formate
(d) Acetaldehyde
Answer:
(b) Ethyl chioroformate

Question 19.
Which one of the following is used as fibre-swelling agent in textile processing?
(a) Chiorohenzene
(b) Chloroform
(c) Chlorai
(d) Chloroethane
Answer:
(a) Chiorobenzene

Question 20.
Which one of the fillowing is a gemdihalide?
(a) CH₃CHCl₂

(c) CH₃-CH₂Cl
(d) C₆H₄Cl₂
Answer:
(a) CH₃CHCl₂

Question 21.
Which of the following reagent is used to distinguish gem-dihalides and vicinal dihalides?
(a) Alcoholic KOH
(b) Aqueous KOH
(c) FeCl₃ / Cl₂
(d) Ethanol
Answer:
(b) Aqueous KOH

Question 22.
Which one of the following is used in the conversion of ethyliden dichioride to Acetylene?
(a) Zn + Methanol
(b) KOH + Ethanol
(c) Aqueous NaOH
(d) Alcoholic KOH
Answer:
(b) KOH + Ethanol

Question 23.
Which one of the following is used as a metal cleaning solvent?
(a) Isopropylidene chloride
(b) Methylene chloride
(c) Chloroform
(d) lodoform
Answer:
(b) Methylene chloride

Question 24.
Which one of the following is used as an insecticide and as a soil sterilising agent?
(a) Chloroform
(b) Chlorai
(c) Chioropicrin
(d) Tetrachioromethane
Answer;
(c) Chloropicrin

Question 25.
Which one of the following is used to test primary amincs?
(a) Schiff’s test
(b) Carbylarnine test
(c) Dye test
(d) Silver mirror test
Answer:
(b) Carbyianiine test

Question 26.
Which one of the following is used as propellant for aerosols and foams?
(a) Freons
(b) Methylidene chloride
(c) Chlorai
(d) Chloroform
Answer:
(a) Freons

Question 27.

the product X is –

Question 28.
Which one of the following will undergo S_N¹ reaction faster?

Answer:

Question 29.
Which one of the following compounds does not undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions at all?
(a) Ethyl bromide
(b) Vinyl chloride
(c) Benzyl chloride
(d) isopropyl chloride
Answer:
(b) Vinyl chloride

II. Match the following.

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Question 4.

Answer:

Question 5.

Answer:
“17” />

Question 6.

Answer:

III. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
is used in the treatment of typhoid ……….
Answer:
chloramphenicol

Question 2.
………. is used in the treatment of malaria
Answer:
Chioroquine

Question 3.
………. is used as an anesthetic ……….
Answer:
Halothane

Question 4.
………. is used for cleaning electronic equipments ……….
Answer:
Trichioroethylene

Question 5.
The IUPAC name of CH₂=CH-CH₂Cl is ……….
Answer:
3-Chioro-prop- 1-ene

Question 6.
The structure of Vinyl iodide is ……….
Answer:
CH₂=CHI

Question 7.
2-iodo-2-methylpropane belongs to type ……….
Answer:
3°haloalkanes

Question 8.
The structure of 2-Iodo-2-methylpropanc is ………
Answer:

Question 9.

the IUPAC name of this compound is ……..
Answer:
1-Bromo-2, 2-dimethyipropane

Question 10.
The IUPAC name of CH₂=CHCl is ………
Answer:
Chioroethene

Question 11.
The IUPAC name of is ………
Answer:
2-Bromo-3-chloro-2, 4-dimethylpentane.

Question 12.
The IUPAC name of is ………
Answer:
3-Chloro-2-methyl-prop- 1 -ene

Question 13.
The reactivity of haloacids (HCl , HBr, HI) with alcohol is in the order ………
Answer:
HI > HBr > HCl

Question 14.
The decreasing order of bond length among alkyl halides (CH₂I , CH₂ Br , CH₃F , CH₃Cl ) is in the order ………
Answer:
CH₃F < CH₃Cl < CH₃Br < CH₃I

Question 15.
The bond strength of C-X for the C-Cl , C-Br, C-I , C-F decreases in the order is ………
Answer:
C-F < C-Cl<C-Br < C-I

Question 16.
The catalyst used in Darzen halogenation of alcohol is ………
Answer:
Pyridine

Question 17.
In Finkeistein reaction, the mechanism followed is
Answer:
S_N²

Question 18.
Silver salt of fatty acid is converted to bromo alkanc by ………
Answer:
Hunsdicker reaction

Question 19.
In Swarts reaction, chioroalkane is converted to ………
Answer:
Fluoroalkane.

Question 20.
The conversion of bromoalkane to fluroalkane by heating with AgF is called ………
Answer:
Swartz reaction

Question 21.
The decreasing order of boiling point of haloalkanes CH₃ Br , CH₃Cl , CH₃F CH₃I is ………
Answer:
CH₃I > CH₃Br > CH₃CI > CH₃F

Question 22.
The correct increasing order of boiling point of haloalkanes CH₃Cl , CHCl₃ , CH₂Cl₂ , CCl₄ is ………
Answer:
CCl₄ > CHCl₃ > CH₂Cl₂ > CH₃Cl

Question 23.
Haloalkanes reacts with aqueous solution of KOH to form ………
Answer:
Alcohol

Question 24.
Haloalkane reacts with alcoholic solution of KOH to form ………
Answer:
Alkene

Question 25.
Ethyl bromide reacts with alcoholic AgCN to form ………
Answer:
CH₃CH₂NC

Question 26.
Ethyl bromide reacts with alcoholic KNO₂ to form ………
Answer:
Ethyl nitrite

Question 27.
The reaction in which sodium alkoxide react with haloalkane to form ether in called ………
Answer:
Williamson’s synthesis

Question 28.
Primary alkyl halide react with aqueous NaOH follows ………
Answer:
S_N²

Question 29.
Tertiary butyl bromide reacts with aqueous KOH follows ………
Answer:
S_N² mechanism

Question 30.
Ethyl bromide reacts with alcoholic KOH following mechanism. ………
Answer:
E₁

Question 31.
The product formed when tertiary butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH is ………
Answer:
Iso-butylene

Question 32.
When 2-bromobutane react with alcoholic KOH, the products formed are ………
Answer;
1-butene & 2-butene

Question 33.
The product formed when iodoethane is treated with HI in the presence of red phosphorous is ………
Answer:
CH₃-CH₃

Question 34.
……… is used as an antiseptic
Answer:
Iodoform

Question 35.
……… is used for extinguishing the fire caused by oil or petrol under the commercial name pyrene
Answer:
Tetrachioromethane

Question 36.
……… Ethyl formate reacts with methyl magnesium iodide followed by acid hydrolysis to yield
Answer:
Acetaldehyde

Question 37.
……… Ethyl-methyl ether ethene is obtained by the action of methyl magnesium iodide with
Answer:
Chioro-aimethyl-ether

Question 38.
The hybridised state of carbon in haloarenes is ………
Answer:
sp²

Question 39.
The catalyst used in the preparation of chiorobenzene from benzene is ………
Answer:
FeCl₃

Question 40.
In the Gattermann reaction of preparation of chiorobenzene from benzene, the catalyst used is ………
Answer:
Cu / HCl

Question 41.
The conversion of benzene diazoniurn chloride to chiorobenzene in the presence of Cu₂Cl₂ + HCl is named as ………
Answer:
Sandmeyer reaction

Question 42.
Fluorobenzene is prepared from benzene diazonium chloride by ………
Answer:
BaIz-Scheimann reaction

Question 43.
Conversion of benzene to chiorobenzene in the presence of CuCl₂ / HCl is named as ………..
Answer:
Gattermann reaction

Question 44.
The conversion of chiorobenzene to phenol by the action of NaOH is called ………..
Answer:
Dow’s process

Question 45.
In Wurtz fittig reaction, chiorohenzene is converted to by reacting it with ethyl chloride.
Answer:
Ethylbenzene

Question 46.
The product obtained in fittig reaction of chiorobenzene is ………..
Answer:
Biphenyl

Question 47.
The reagent used in the conversion of Chiorobenzene to Benzene is ………..
Answer:
Ni-Al/NaOH

Question 48.
The catalyst used in the preparation of Phenyl magnesium chloride from chiorobenzene is ………..
Answer:
THF

Question 49.
Iso-propylidene chloride is an example of ………..
Answer:
vicinal dihalide

Question 50.
The IUPAC name of is ………..
Answer:
1, 2-dibromo-2-methylpropane

Question 51.
The reagent used in the conversion of ethylene dichioride is ………..
Answer:
Zn + CH₃OH

Question 52.
Chloroform is converted to methylene-chioride by the action of ………..
Answer:
Zn + HCl and H₂ / Ni

Question 53.
The reagents used in the preparation of chloroform are ………..
Answer:
Ethanol + Bleaching powder

Question 54.
The formula of Chioropicrin is ………..
Answer:
CCl₃NO₂

Question 55.
The product formed when methylamine react with chloroform and alkali is ………..
Answer:
CH₃NC

Question 56.
The product formed when CCI4 reacts with hot water vapours is
Answer:
COCl₂

Question 57.
The formula of Freon -11 is ………..
Answer:
CFCl₃

Question 58.
The formula of Freon – 12 is ………..
Answer:
CF₂Cl₂

Question 59.
The catalyst used in the preparation of CCl₂F₂ from CCl₄ and HF is ………..
Answer:
SbCl₅

Question 60.
The reagents used to prepare DDT are ………..
Answer:
Chlorai and Chiorobenzene

Question 61.
……….. is used to kill various insects like housefly and mosquitoes.
Answer:
(c) DDT

Question 62.
The name of CFCl₃ is
Answer:
Freon-11

Question 63.
The treatment of acetone with excess of RMgX gives:
Answer:

Question 64.
The most easily hydrolysed molecule under S_N² reaction is………..
Answer:
Ten. butyl chloride

Question 65.
. The product ‘X’ is ………..
Answer:
Ethanol

Question 66.
The product X is ………..
Answer:
CH₄

Question 67.
On heatrng CHCl₃ with aqueous NaOH solution, the product formed is
Answer:
HCOONa

Question 68.
Depletion of ozone layer is caused by
Answer:
Freons

Question 69.
Chloropicrin is used as
Answer:
soil sterilizing agent

Question 70.
lodoform can be used as
Answer:
Antiseptic.

Question 71.
in oil fire extinguisher, the compound used pyrene is chemically
Answer:
CCl₄

Question 72.
Reaction of ethyl chloride with sodium metal leads to the formation of
Answer:
n-Butane

Question 73.
When chloroform is treated with primary amine and KOH, we get ………..
Answer:
Offensive odours

IV. Choose the odd one out.

Question 1.
(a) CH₃Br
(b) CH₃-CH₂Br
(c) (CH₃)₃C-Br
(d) CH₃-CH₂-CH₂Br
Answer:
(c) (CH₃)₃C-Br. It is a haloalkane whereas others are 1° haloalkanes.

Question 2.
(a) Finkeistein reaction
(b) Wurtz reaction
(c) Swarts reaction
(d) Friedel crafts alkylation
Answer:
(d) Friedel crafts alkylation. It is used to prepare aromatic hydrocarbon whereas others are used to prepare alkanes.

Question 3.
(a) PCl₅
(b) SOCl₂
(c) HCl
(d) HF
Answer:
(cl) HF It is not used to prepare directly fluoro alkane whereas others are used to prepare directly chioro alkanes.

Question 4.
(a) Aerosol spray propellant
(b) Metal cleaning agent
(c) Anaesthetic agent
(d) Solvent in paint remover
Answer:
(c) Anaesthetic agent. It is not the use of methylene chloride whereas others are uses of methylene chloride.

V. Choose the correct pair.

Question 1.
(a) Chiorobenzene + chloral : DDT
(b) Chloroform + HNO₃ : Phosgene
(c) Chloroform + Zn / HCl : Methyl isocyanide
(d) Methane + 4Cl₂ : Carbon tetra chloride
Answer:
(c) Chlorobenzene + chloral : DDT

Question 2.
(a) Chloroform : Analgesic
(b) Freon : Propellant
(c) Chioropicrin : Antiseptic
(d) DDT : Soil sterilizing agent
Answer:
(b) Freon : Propellant

Question 3.
(a) Freon : Refrigerant
(b) DDT : Antiseptic
(c) Methylene : Soil sterilizing agent
(d) Iodotorni : Anaesthetic
Answer:
(a) Freon : Refrigerant

Question 4.
(a) HCOH + CH₃MgI : Secondary alcohol
(b) CH₃CHO + CH₃MgI : Tertiary alcohol
(c) CH₃COCH₃ + CH₃MgI : Primary alcohol
(d) CO₂ + CH₃MgI : Acetic acid
Answer:
(d) CO₂ + CH₃MgI : Acetic acid

Question 5.
(a) (C₃H)₃C-Cl + alcoholic KOH : S_N¹ reaction
(b) (CH₃)₃C-Cl + alcoholic KOH : E₁ reaction
(c) (CH₃)₃C-Cl + aqueous KOH : S_N² reaction
(cl) CH₃-Cl + aqueous KOH : S_N¹ reaction
Answer:
(b) (CH₃)₃C-Cl + alcoholic KOH : E₁ reaction

VI. Choose the incorrect pair.

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.
(a) CH₃I > CH₃Br > CH₃Cl > CH₃F : decreasing order of boiling point
(b) CCl₄ > CHCl₃> CH₂Cl₂ > CH₃Cl : increasing order of boiling point
(c) CH₃-CH₂-CH₂Cl <CH₃ CH₂ Cl <CH₃Cl : increasing order of boiling point

Answer:
(c) CH₃-CH₂-CH₂Cl <CH₃ CH₂Cl <CH₃Cl : increasing order of boiling point

Question 3.
(a) (CH₃)₃ C-Br + aqueous KOH : S_N¹ reaction
(b) (CH₃)₃ C-Br + alcoholic KOH: E₁ reaction
(c) CH₃Br – aqueous KOH : E₂ reaction
(d) CH₃Br + aqueous KOH : S_N² reaction
Answer:
(c) CH3Br + aqueous KOH : E₂ reaction

Question 4.
(a) 1-chioro propane + Alcoholic KOH : Propene
(b) Tert.butyl bromide + Alcoholic KOH : Isobutylenc
(c) CH₃-CH₂I + HI + Red p : Ethanc
(d) CH₃CHO + CH₃ Mg I : Ten. Butyl alcohol
Answer:
(d) CH₃CHO + CH₃ Mg I : Ten. Butyl alcohol

Question 5.
(a) HCHO + CH₃MgI : Primary alcohol
(b) CH₃CHO + CH₃MgI : Secondary alcohol
(c) CH₃COCH₃ + CH₃MgI : Aromatic alcohol
(d)CO₂ + CH₃MgI : Acetic acid
Answer:
(c) CH₃COCH₃ + CH₃MgI : Aromatic alcohol

VII. Assertion & Reason.

Question 1.
Assertion (A): The C-I in CH₃X is weak.
Reason (R): Larger the size, greater is the bond length and weaker is the bond formed.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(a) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 2.
Assertion (A): Haloalkanes have higher boiling point and melting point than the parent alkanes having the same number of carbon.
Reason (R): The intermolecular forces of attraction and dipole-dipole interactions are
stronger in haloalkanes.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 3.
Assertion (A) : Among isomenc halides, the boiling point decreases with increase in branching in alkyl group.
Reason (R) : With the increase in branching, the molecule attains spherical shape with less
surface area and less forces of interaction.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 4.
Assertion (A): The melting point of para halóbenzene is higher than that of ortho and meta isomers.
Reason (R): The higher melting point of p-isomer is due to its symmetry which leads to more close packing of its molecules in the crystal and subsequently p-isomer have strong intermolecular attractive forces.
(a) both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of(A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of(A).
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(a) both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of(A).

Question 5.
Assertion (A) : Haloarenes are insoluble in water.
Reason (R) : Haloarenes are able to form hydrogen bonds with water.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(e) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct
Answer:
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.

Question 6.
Assertion (A) : Haloarenes do not undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions readily.
Reason (R) : The C-X bond in aryl halides is short and stronger and also the aromatic ring is a center of high electron density.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(h) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 7.
Assertion (A): Chloroform vapours can be used as an anaesthetic.
Reason (R): Chloroform vapours depresses the central nervous system and cause unconsciousness.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 8.
Assertion (A): Nowadays chloroform is not used as an anaesthetic.
Reason (R): Chloroform undergoes oxidation in the presence of light and air to form highly poisonous phosgene.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(cl) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 9.
Assertion (A): DDT is banned now-a-days.
Reason (R): DDT has a long term toxic effect.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

VIII. Choose the correct statement.

Question 1.
(a) Halo alkanes have higher boiling point than the parent alkane with same number of carbons because of strong inter molecular forces of attraction.
(b) The boiling point of halo alkanes decreases with the increase of halogen atoms.
(c) The boiling point of mono halo alkanes decreases with the increase in the number of carbon atoms.
(d) Halo alkanes are soluble in water.
Answer:
(a) Halo alkanes have higher boiling point than the parent alkane with same number of carbons because of strong inter molecular forces of attraction.

Question 2.
(a) Halo alkanes are soluble in water.
(b) The boiling point of halo alkanes increase with the increase in the number of halogen atoms.
(c) The melting point of mono halo alkane decrease with the increase in the number of carbon atoms.
(d) The density of alkyl halides are lesser than those of hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight.
Answer:
(b) The boiling point of halo alkanes increase with the increase in the number of halogen atoms.

Question 3.
(a) Williamson’s synthesis of ether is an example of nucleophilic substitution reaction.
(b) Reaction of methyl bromide with aqueous potassium hydroxide is an example ofelimination reaction.
(c) Reaction of Tertiary butyl bromide with alcoholic KOH is an example of SN2 reaction.
(d) Reaction of Tertiary butyl bromide with alcoholic KOH is an example of E, reaction.
Answer:
(a) Williamson’s synthesis of ether is an example of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 2 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write the IUPAC names of –

1. CH₂=CHCI
2. CH₂=CH-CH₂Br.

Answer:

1. CH₂=CHCl : Chloroethene
2. CH₂=CH-CH₂Br : 3-Bromo-prop- 1-ene

Question 2.
Write the structural formula of the following compounds:

1. 2-Chloro-2-Methylpropane
2. 1 -Bromo-2, 2-Dimethylpropane

Answer:
1. 2-Chloro-2-Methylpropane

2. 1 -Brorno-2, 2-dimethyipropane

Question 3.
How many isomers are possible for the formula C₃H₇F? Give their structures and names.
Answer:
C₃H₇F – 2 isomers are possible.
1. CH₃-CH₂-CH₂F – 1- fiuoropropene

Question 4.
Write the isomeric structures and names for the formula C₂H₄Cl₂.
Answer:

 Ethylene dichioride (or) 1, 2-dichioroethane.

Ethylidene chloride (or) 2-dichioroethane.

Question 5.
Draw the structures of –

1. 1-brorno-2, 3-dichiorobutane
2. 2-bromo-3-chloro-2, 4-dimethyl pentane

Answer:
1. 1 -bromo-2, 3-dichiorobutane

2. 2-bromo-3-chloro-2, 4-dimethy 1 pentane

Question 6.
What happens when HI reacts with ten. butyl alcohol?
Answer:

Question 7.
Explain the action of
(i) PCl₅
(ii) PCl₃ with ethanol.
Answer:

Question 8.
How does HBr react with propene?
Answer:
Propene react with HBr and follows Markovnikov’s rule.

Question 9.
How methane reacts with Cl₂ in the presence of light?
Answer:

Question 10.
Explain-Finkelstein reaction.
Answer:
Chioro (or) bromoalkane on heating with sodium iodide in dry acetone gives jodo alkane. This reaction is called Finkeistein reaction.
Answer:

Question 11.
Explain Swans reaction.
Answer:
Chioro (or) bromoalkanes on heating with AgF give fluoroalkanes. This reaction is called Swans reaction.

Question 12.
What happens when silver propionate reacts with Br, in CCl₄?
Answer:
Silver salt of fatty acids (CH₃CH₂COOAg), e.g., silver propionate treated with Br₂ / CCl₄ gives bromoalkane. This reaction is called Hunsdicker reaction.

Question 13.
Haloalkanes have higher boiling point and melting point than the parent alkane. Justify this statement.
Answer:
Haloalkanes have higher boiling point than the parent alkane having the same number of carbon atoms because the intermolecular forces of attraction and dipole-dipole interactions are comparatively stronger in haloalkanes.

Question 14.
CCl₄ > CHCl₃ > CH₂Cl₂ > CH₃Cl is the decreasing order of boiling point in haloalkanes. Give reason.
Answer:
The boiling point of chioro, bromo and iodoalkanes increases with increase in the number of halogen atoms. So the correct decreasing order of boiling point of haloalkanes is:
CCl₄> CHCl₃ > CH₂Cl₂> CH₃Cl.

Question 15.
Arrange the following in increasing order of boiling point. Give reason.
(CH₃CH₂CH₂Cl, CH₃CH₂Cl, CH₃Cl)
Answer:
The correct order of boiling point of haloalkanes is:
CH₃CH₂CH₂Cl > CH₃CH₂Cl > CH₃Cl.
The boiling point of monoalkanes increase with the increase in the number of carbon atoms.

Question 16.
Why haloalkanes arc insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents?
Answer:
Haloalkanes are polar covalent compounds, soluble in organic solvents, but insoluble in water because they are unable to form hydrogen bond with water molecules.

Question 17.
What happens when bromoethane is treated with moist silver oxide?
Answer:
When bromoethane is treated with moist silver oxide, ethanol will be formed as product:

Question 18.
Complete the following reactions:

Answer:

Question 19.
Explain the action of sodium hydrogen suiphide with bromoethane?
Answer:

Question 20.
Explain Williamson’s synthesis.
Answer:
Williamson’s synthesis:
Haloalkanes when boiled with sodium alkoxide gives the corresponding ether.

Question 21.
Explain the action of alcoholic potash with bromoethane.
Answer:
Elimination reaction takes place when alcoholic potash reacts with bromoethane:

Question 22.
State-Saytzeff’s rule.
Answer:
Some haloalkanes when treated with alcoholic KOH yield a mixture of olefins with different amounts. It is explained by Saytzeff’s rule which states that in a dehydrohalogenation reaction, the preferreed product is that alkene which has more number ofalkyl group attached to the doubly bonded carbon atom.

Question 23.
How will you convert 1-chioropropanc to propene?
Answer:

Question 24.
What is Grignard reagent? How is it prepared from ethyl bromide?
Answer:
When a solution of haloalkane in either is treated with magnesium, we will get alkyl magnesium halide known as Grignard reagent, ethyl magnesium bromide is prepared from ethyl bromide as:

Question 25.
How will you prepare ethyl lithium’?
Answer:
When bromoethane is treated with an active metal like lithium in the presence of dry ether, then ethyl lithium will be formed.

Question 26.
What is tetraethyl Lead? How is it prepared?
Answer:

Question 27.
Convert bromoethane to ethane.
Answer:

Question 28.
How is iodoethane converted to ethane?
Answer:

Question 29.
Starting from CH₃MgI, how will you prepare acetaldehyde?
Answer:

Question 30.
How will you get acetone from methyl manesium iodide?
Answer:

Question 31.
Explain the action of Ethyl chioroformate with Methyl magnesium iodide.
Answer:
Ethyl chioroformate reacts with Grignard reagent to form esters as follows:

Question 32.
Write the IUPAC names of:

Answer:
1 – bromo-4-fluoro-2-iodobenzene
1 – bromo-2-fluoro-4-iodobenzene

Question 33.
How is benzene directly converted to chiorobenzene?
Answer:

Question 34.
Explain Sandmeyer’s reaction.
Answer:
Sandmeyer’s reaction:
The reaction in which benzene-diazonium chloride is converted to chiorobenzene on heating it with Cu₂Cl₂/HCl is known as sand Meyer’s reaction.

Question 35.
Explain Gattcrrnann reaction.
Answer:
Gattermann reaction:
The reaction in which benzene diazonium chloride react with copper in the presence of HCl, chlorobenzene is formed, called Gatterrnann reaction.

Question 36.
How will you prepare iodobenzene?
Answer:

Question 37.
Explain-Balz-Schiernann reaction.
Answer:
Fluorobenzene is prepared by treating benzene diazonium chloride with fluoro boric acid. This reaction produces diazonium fluoroborate which on heating produce fluorobenzene. this reaction is called Balz-Schiernann reaction.

Question 38.
p-dichlorobenzcnc has higher melting point than ortho and meta dichloro benzene. Why?
Answer:
The melting point of p-dichloro benzene is higher than the melting point of the corresponding ortho and mcta isomers. The higher melting which leads to more close packing of its molcules in the crystal lattice and consequently strong intermolecular attractive forces which requires more energy for melting.
p-dichlorobenzene > o-dichlorobenzene > m-dichlorobenzene

Question 39.
Explain Wurtz-fìtting reaction.
Answer:
Wurtz-fitting reaction:
Chlorobenzene and chioroethane are heated with sodium in ether solution to form ethylbenzene. This reaction is called Wurtz-fìtting reaction.

Question 40.
How will you get benzene from chlorobenzene?
Answer:
Chiorobenzene is reduced with Ni-Al Alloy in the presence of NaOH to give benzene.

Question 41.
Explain about the preparation of phenyl magnesium chloride.
Answer:

Question 42.
How will you prepare ethylidcne dichioride from acetylene?
Answer:

Question 43.
What is gern-dihalide? Give one example and explain its preparation.
Answer:
1. If two halogen atoms are attached to one carbon atom of alkyl halide, it is named as gem dihalide. e.g., CH₃-CHCl₂ (ethylidene dichloride.)

2. Preparationof CH₃-CHCl₂:

Question 44.
Explain the action of zinc and HCl on chloroform.
Answer:

Question 45.
How does nickel react with chloroform?
Answer:

Question 46.
Convert methane to methylene chloride.
Answer:

Question 47.
Explain Carbylamine reaction. (or) Give the characteristic test for primary amine.
Answer:
Chlorofonn reacts with aliphatic or aromatic primary amines and alcoholic caustic potash to give foul smelling alkyl isocyanide (carbylamine).

Question 48.
How will you prepare carbon tetrachioride?
Answer:
The reaction of methane with excess of chlorine in the presence of sunlight give carbon tetrachioride as major product.

Question 49.
How will you convert carbon tetrachioride to chloroform?
Answer:

Question 50.
What are freons? How are they named? Give two examples.
Answer:
(i) The chioro-fluoro derivatives of methane and ethane are called freons.
(ii) Freon is represented as freon-cba
c = number of C atoms –
b = number of H atoms + 1
a = total number ofF atoms

Question 51.
What are ambident nucleophiles’? Explain with an example.
Answer:
Nucleophiles which can attack through two different sites are called ambident nucicophiles. For example, cyanide group is a resonance hybrid of two contributing structures and therefore it can act as a nucleophile in two different ways:

It can attack through carbon to form cyanides and through nitrogen to form isocyanides or carbylamines.

Question 52.
Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in S_N² reaction with OH ion?
1. CH₃Br or CH₃I
2. (CH₃)₃CCl or CH₃Cl
Answer:
1. Since I^– ion a better leaving group than Br^– ion, therefore CH₃I will react faster than CH₃Br in S_N² reaction with OH^– ion.
2. On steric grounds 1° alkyl halides are more reactive than tert alkyl halide in S_N² reactions. Therefore, CH₃Cl will react at a faster rate than (CH₃)₃CCl in a S_N² reaction with OH^– ion.

Question 53.
The treatment ofalkyl chlorides with aqueous KOH solution leads to the formation of alcohols but in the presence of alcoholic KOH solution, alkenes are the major product. Explain.
Answer:
In aqueous solution, KOH is almost completely ioniscd to give OH^– ions which being a strong nucleophile brings about a substitution reaction of alkyl halides to form alcohols. In aqueous solution, OH^– ions are highly hydrated. This solvation reduces the basic character of OH^– ions which therefore, abstract fails to abstract a hydrogen atom from the n-carbon of the alkyl chloride to form an alkene. In contrast, an alcoholic solution of KOH contains alkoxide (RO^–) ions which being a much stronger base than OH^– ions preferentially eliminates a molecule of HCl from an alkyl chloride to form alkenes.

Question 54.
Give one example of each of the following reactions:
1. Wurtz Reaction
2. Wurtz – Fittig reaction
Answer:
1. Wurtz Reaction:
It involves conversion of alkyl halides into alkane.
Example:

2. Wurtz-Fittig reaction:
It involves the reaction of an aryl halide and alkyl halide to form the corresponding hydrocarbon.

Question 55.
How will you distinguish between the following pair of compounds:
1. Chloroform and carbon tetrachioride,
2. Benzyl alcohol and chiorobenzene.
Answer:
1. On heating chloroform and carbon tetrachloride with aniline with ethanoic acid and potassium hydroxide separately, chloroform forms a pungent smelling isocyanide compound but carbon tetrachloride does not form this compound.

2. On adding sodium hydroxide and silver nitrate to both the compounds, benzyl chloride forms a white precipitate but chiorobenzene does not form any white precipitate.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 3 Marks Questions And Answers

Question 1.
Give one example with structure and name for each of the following compounds.
(a) Primary haloalkane
(b) Secondary haloalkane
(c) Tertiary haloalkane
Answer:
(a) Primary haloalkane

(b) Secondary haloalkane

(c) Tertiary haloalkane

Question 2.
Write the possible isomers for the formula C₄H₉Cl with structures and names.
Answer:
C₄H₉Cl (4 isomers):

Question 3.

Answer:
For a compound with molecular formula C₄H₉Cl – 3 isomers (1°, 2°, 3°) arc possible. Among the isomeric alkyl halides, the boiling point decreases with the increase in branching in the alkyl chain. This is because with increase in branching, the molecule attains spherical shape with less surface area. As a result, the intermolecular forces become weak, resulting in lower boiling point. Therefore the boiling point decreases in the order:

Hence, (CH₃)₃ C-Cl has the lowest boiling point.

Question 4.
Explain ammonolysis of haloalkanes. (or) How excess of haloalkanc react with alcoholic ammonia?
Answer:
With excess of haloalkanes, ammonia react to give primary, secondary, tertiary amines along with quarternary ammonium salt:

Question 5.
Explain how bromoethane reacts with –
1. alcoholic KCN
2. alcoholic AgCN
Answer:
1. Bromoethanc reacts with alcoholic KCN to form ethyl cyanide.

2. Bromoethane reacts with alcoholic AgCN to form alkyl isocyanide.

Question 6.
Explain the hydrolysis of 2-bromobutane with aqueous KOB.
Answer:

• 2-bromobutane is optically active and it undergoes S_N¹ reaction with aqueous KOH.
• The product obtained will be an optically inactive racemic mixture.
• As nucleophilic reagent OH^– ion can attack the carbocation from both sides to form equal proportions of dextro and levo rotatory optically active isomers, it results in the formation of optically inactive racemic mixture.

Question 7.
Explain the action of alcoholic KOH with 2-bromobutanc.
Answer:

According to Saytzcff’s rule, when 2-bromobutanc reacts with alcoholic KOK, yields a mixture of olefins in different amounts.

(ii) In a dehydrohalogenation reaction, the preferred product is that alkene which has more number of alkyl groups attached to the doubly bonded carbon alkene.

Question 8.
Mention the uses of chloroform.
Answer:

• Chloroform is used as a solvent in pharmaceutical industry.
• It is used for producing pesticides and drugs.
• It is used as an anaesthetic.

Question 9.
What are the uses of carbon tetrachioride?
Answer:

• Carbon tetrachioride in used as a dry cleaning agent.
• It is used as a solvent for oils, fats and waxes.
• As the vapours of CCl₄ is non-combustible, it is used under the name pyrene for extinguishing the fire caused by oil (or) petrol.

Question 10.
What are ogranometallic compounds? Give one example. Explain the nature of carbon-metal bond.
Answer:

• Organometallic compounds are organic compounds in which there ¡s a direct carbon-metal bond.
• Example :  CH₃MgI. methyl magnesium iodide.
• The carbon-magnesium bond in Grignard reagent is covalent but highly polar. The carbon atom is more electronegative than magnesium. Hence, the carbon atom has partial negative charge and magnesium atom has a partial positive charge.
  

Question 11.
How would you prepare acetic acid from methyl magnesium iodide?
Answer:
Solid carbon dioxide reacts with grignard reagent to form addition product which on hydrolysis yields acetic acid.

Question 12.
Explain the nature of C-X bond in haloarenes and its resonance structure.
Answer:

1. In haloarenes, the carbon atom is sp² hybridised. The sp² hybridised orbitais arc shorter and holds the electron pair bond more.
2. Halogen atom contains p-orbital with lone pair of electrons which interacts with π – orbitaIs of berizene ring to form extended conjugated system of π – orbitals.
3. The delocalisation of these electrons give double bond character to C-X bond. The resonance structure of halobenzene are given as:
   

Question 13.
Compare the bond length C-X in haloarenes and C-X in haloalkanes.
Answer:
1. Due to this double bond character of C-X bond in haloarenes, the C-X bond length is shorter length and stronger than in haloalkanes.
2. Example:

Question 14.
What are the uses of chlorobenzene?
Answer:

• Chiorobenzene is used in the manufacture of pesticides like DDT.
• It is used as high boiling solvent in organic synthesis.
• It is used as a fibre – swelling agent in textile processing.

Question 15.
What are polyhalogen compounds? Give its types with example.
Answer:

1. Carbon compounds containing more than one halogen atom are called polyhalogen compounds.
2. They are classified as
   • gem dihalides
   • Vicinal dihalides.

(a) Gem dihalide:
In this compound, two halogen atoms are attached to one carbon atom.
e.g, CH₃CHCl₂ – ethylidene chloride.

(b) Vicinal dihalide:
In this compound, two halogen atoms are attached to two adjacent carbon atoms.
1,2-dichloroethane

Question 16.
Give two examples for –
1.  gem dihalide
2. vicinal dihalide.
Answer:
1. Gem dihalides:

2. Vicinal dihalides:

Question 17.
Explain two methods of preparation of ethylene diehioride.
Answer:
1. Addition of Cl₂ to Ethylene:

2. Action of PCl₅ on Ethylene glycol:

Question 18.
How would you distinguish gern-dihalides and iinal dihalides?
Answer:
(i) Gem-dihalides on hydrolysis with aqueous KOH gives an aldehyde or a ketone whereas vicinal dihalides on hydrolysis with aqueous KOH give glycols.

The above reaction can be used to distinguish between gem-dihalides and vicinal dihalides.

Question 19.
Explain the action of metallic zinc with –
(i) Ethylidene dichioride
(ii) Ethylene dichloridc.
Answer:

Question 20.
What happens when alcoholic KOH is treated with
(i) Ethylidene dichioride
(ii) Ethylene dich I onde?
Answer:
(i) Gem-dihalides and vicinal dihalides both on treatment with alcoholic KOH give alkynes.

Question 21.
What are the uses of methylene chloride?
Answer:
Methylene chloride is used as:

• Aerosol spray propellant.
• Solvent in paint remover.
• Process solvent in the manufacture of drugs.
• A metal cleaning agent.

Question 22.
Explain the laboratory preparation of chloroform.
Answer:
Haloform reaction:
Chloroform is prepared in the laboratory by the reaction between ethyl alcohol with bleaching powder followed by the distillation of the final product chloroform. Bleaching powder acts as a source of chlorine and calcium hydroxide. The reaction take place in 3 steps.
Step 1:
Oxidation-

Step 2:
Chlorination-

Step 3:
Hydrolysis-

Question 23.
What is chloropicrin? How is it obtained? Mention its uses.
Answer:
1. Chioropicrin is CCl₃NO₂.

2. Chloroform reacts with nitric acid to form chioropicrin (trichioro-nitromethane):

3. Chioropicrin is used as an insecticide and soil sterilising agent.

Question 24.
What are the uses of freons?
Answer:

• Freons are used as refrigerants in refrigerators and air conditioners.
• It is used as a propellant for foams and aerosols.
• It is used as a propellant for foams to spray out deodorants, shaving creams and insecticides.

Question 25.
What is DDT? How is it prepared’?
Answer:
(i) DDT is p, p’-dichloro-diphenyi-trichloroethane
(ii) DDT can be prepared by heating a mixture of chloro benzene with chlorai in the presence of conc. H₂SO₄

Question 26.
Mention the uses of DDT.
Answer:

• DDT is used lo control certain insects which carries diseases like malaria and yellow fever.
• It is used in farms to control some agricultural pests.
• It is used in building construction as pest control agent.
• It is used to kill certain kind of insects like housefly and mosquitoes due to its high and specific toxicity.

Question 27.
Write the equations for the preparation of I-iodobutane from:
(i) 1 -butanol
(ii) 1 -chiorobutane
(iii) but- 1-ene
Answer:

Question 28.
Explain why:

1. the dipole moment of chiorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl chloride?
2. alkyl halides though polar, are immiscible with water?
3. Gringard reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions?

Answer:

1. Chlorobenzene is stabilised by resonance and there is negative charge on ‘Cl’ in 3 out of 5 resonating structures, therefore it has a lower dipole moment than cyclohexyl chloride in which there is no such negative charge.
2. Alkyl halides cannot form H-bond with water and cannot break H-bonds between water molecules, therefore they are insoluble in water.
3. Grignard reagents react with H₂O to form alkanes, therefore they are prepared under anhydrous conditions.

Question 29.
Explain as to why haloarenes arc much less reactive than haloalkanes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions?
Answer:
Haloarenes are much less reactive than haloalkanes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions due to the following reasons:

1. Resonance effect:
In haloarenes the electron pair on the halogen atom is in conjugation with the π – electrons of the ring and the following resonating structures are possible. C-Cl bond acquires a partial double bond character due to resonance. As a result, the bond cleavage in haloarenes is difficult than in case of haloalkanes and therefore they are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions.

2. The C-Cl bond length in haloalkanes is 177 pm while in haloarenes it is 169 pm. Since it is difficult to break shorter bond than a longer bond. Therefore, haloarenes are less reactive than haloalkanes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions.

Question 30.
Do the following conversions:
(i) Methyl bromide to acetone
(ii) Benzyl alcohol to 2-phenylacetic acid
Answer:

Question 31.
Give reasons for the following:

1. Ethyl iodide undergoes S_N² reactions faster than ethyl bromide.
2. (±) 2-Butanol is optically inactive.
3. C-X bond length in halobenzene is smaller than C-X bond length in CH₃-X.

Answer:

1. Because in ethyl iodide, iodide being the best leaving group among all the halide ions. Rate of S_N² reaction ability of leaving group.
2. (±) 2-hutanol is a racemic mixture which is optically inactive due to the external compensation.
3. Due to resonance in halobenzene, it has a smaller bond length value as compared to CH₃-X.

Question 32.
Write the structure of diphenyl. How is it prepared from chlorobcnzene?

Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Chemistry Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 5 Marks Question And Answers

Question 1.
Explain the classification of organic compounds with example.
Answer:

Question 2.
Explain S_N² mechanism with suitable examples.
Answer:

• S_N² reaction means bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction of second order.
• The rate of S_N² reaction depends upon the concentration of both alkyl halides and the nucleophile.
• This reaction involves the formation of a transition state in which both the reactant molecules are partially bonded to each other. The attack of nucleophile occurs from the back side.
• The carbon at which substitution occurs has inverted configuration during the course of reaction just as an umbrella has the tendency to invert in a wind-storm. This inversion of configuration is called walden inversion.
  

Question 3.
S_N² reaction of an optically active haloalkane is accompanied by inversion of configuration at the asymmetric centre. Prove it.
Answer:
1. S_N² reaction of an optically active haloalkane (e.g., 2-bromo-octane) is accompanied by inversion of configuration at the asymmetric center.

2. When 2-bromooctane is heated with sodium hydroxide, 2-octanol is formed with inversion of configuration. (-) 2-bromo-octane on heating with sodium hydroxide gives (+) 2-octanol is formed in which -OH group occupies a position opposite to what bromine had occupied in the optically active haloalkane.

Question 4.
Explain E₂ reaction mechanism with a suitable example.
Answer:

• E₂ reaction stands bimolecular elimination reaction of second order. The rate of E₂ reaction depends on the concentration of alkyl halide and the base.
• Primary alkyl halide undergoes this reaction in the presence of alcoholic KOH.
• It is a one step process in which the abstraction of the proton from the 3 carbon atom and expulsion of halide from the x carbon atom occur simultaneously.
• The mechanism that follows is shown below:
  

Question 5.
Describe E₁ reaction mechanism with a suitable example.
Answer:
1. E₁ stands for unimolecular elimination reaction of first order.
2. Tertiary alkyl halides undergoes elimination reaction in the presence of alcoholic KOH.
3. It takes place in two steps.
4.  Step 1.
Heterolytic fission to yield a carbocation:

5. Step 2.
Elimination of a proton from the fl-carbon to produce an alkene:

Question 6.
Starting from methyl magnesium iodide how would you prepare –

1. Ethanol
2. 2-propanol
3. Tert-butyl alcohol.

Answer:
1. Ethanol:
Formaldehyde reacts with CH₃MgI to give an addition product which on hydrolysis yields ethanol.

2. 2-Propanol :
Acetaldehyde react with CH₃MgI to give an addition product which on hydrolysis yields 2-propanol.

Question 7.
Starting from methyl magnesium iodide, how would you prepare –

1. Ethyl methyl ether
2. methyl cyanide
3. methane.

Answer:
1. Ethyl methyl ether:
Lower halogenated ether reacts with grignard reagent to form higher ether.

2. Methyl cyanide:
Grignard reagent reacts 4rith cyanogen chloride to form alkyl cyanide.

3.  Methane:
Grignard reagent reacts with waler to give methane as product.

Question 8.
Describe electrophilic substitution reaction of chiorohenzene with equations.
Answer:

Question 9.
An organic compound Ⓐ of molecular formula C₃H₆ react with HBr in the presence of peroxide to give C₃H₇Br as Ⓑ Ⓑ on reaction with aqueous KOH gives © with molecular formula C₃H₈O. Identify Ⓐ Ⓑ and ©
Answer:
1. An organic compound Ⓐ of molecular formula C₃H₆ is CH₃-CH=CH₂, Propene

2. Propene Ⓐ reacts ith HRr in the presence of peroxide to give 1-bromopropane

3. 1-Bromopropane on reaction with aqueous KOH undergoes hydrolysis to give  Propan- 1-ol. CH₃-CH₂-CH₂OH as ©

Question 10.
An organic compound Ⓐ of molecular formula C₂H₆O reacts with thionyl chloride in the presence of pyridine gives Ⓑ C₂H₅Cl. Ⓑ on reaction with alcoholic KOH gives Ⓒ, C₂H₄. Ⓒ on treatmeni with Cl₂ gives C₂H₄Cl₂ as Ⓓ. Identify Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ Ⓓ and explain the reaction.
Answer:
1. An organic compound Ⓐ of molecular formula C₂H₆O is Ethanol CH₃-CH₂OH.

2. Ethanol reacts with thionyl chloride in the presence of pyridine to give CH₃-CH₂Cl Ⓑ as product.

3. Ethyl chloride on treatment with alcoholic KOH, undergoes dehydrohalogenation to give C₂H₄, ethylene Ⓒ as the product.

4. Ethylene on reaction with Cl₂ yield ethylene dichioride as Ⓓ as the product.

Question 11.
The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon C₆H₆ reacts Ⓑ on treatment with sodium hydroxide will (C₆H₅OH), Phenol, Ⓒ as the product. Also Cl₂ to give Ⓐ which on reaction with sodium hydroxide gives Ⓑ.Ⓑ of molecular formula C₆H₆O. Ⓑ on treatment with ammonia will give C₆H₇N as D. Identify Ⓐ, Ⓑ,Ⓒ, and explain the reactions involved.
Answer:
1. The aromatic hydrocarbon Ⓑ is Benzene, C₆H₆.

2. Benzene reacts with Cl, to give chiorobenzene (C₆H₅Cl), as Ⓑ as the product.

3. Chiorobenzene Ⓑ reacts with sodium hydroxide to give (C₆H₅OH) phenol, Ⓒ as the product.

4. Chiorobenzene reacts with ammonia to give Aniline, C₆H₅NH₂ Ⓓ as the product.
Question 12.
An organic compound Ⓐ of molecular formula C₂H₂ reacts with HCl to give C₂H₄Cl₂ as Ⓑ. Ⓑ on reaction with aqueous KOH will give C₂H₄O as Ⓒ Identify Ⓐ, Ⓑ,Ⓒ and explain the reactions involved.
Answer:
1. An organic compound Ⓐ of molecular formula C₂H₂ is CH ≡ CH (Acetylene)

2. Acetylene Ⓐ reacts with HCl to give ethylene dichioride Ⓑ as the product.

3. Ethylidene dichioride on reaction with aqueous KOH will give acetaldehyde, © as the product.

Question 13.
Two isomers of formula C₄H₉Br are Ⓐ and B. Ⓐ on reaction with alcoholic KOH gives of molecular formula C₈H₈ by E₁ reaction. Ⓑ on reaction with alcoholic KOH gives Ⓓ and Ⓔ as products by Saytzefì’s rule. Idcnti’ A, B, C, D, E.
Answer:
1. C₄H₉Br: Two isomers may be there: Tert butyl bromide and

2. Ⓐ on reaction with alcoholic KOH gives iso butylene © as the product.

3. 2-bromobutane Ⓑ on reaction with alcoholic KOH follows Saytzeff s rule to give a mixture of olefins in different amounts.

Question 14.
A simple aromatic hydrocarbon Ⓐ reacts with Cl₂ to give Ⓑ of molecular formula C₆H₅Cl. Ⓑ on reaction with ethyl chloride along with sodium metal gives © of formula C₈H₁₀. © alone reacts with Na metal in the presence of ether to give Ⓓ C₁₂H₁₀. Identify Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ & Ⓓ
Answer:
1. The simple aromatic hydrocarbon is C₆H₆. Benzene (A)

2. Benzene reacts with Cl₂ to give chiorobenzene.

3. Chiorobenzene reacts with ethyl chloride to form ethyl benzene, © as the product

4. Chiorobenzene on reaction Na metal gives Biphenyl compound © as the product.

Question 15.
An organic compound Ⓐ of molecular formula CH₂O reacts with methyl magnesium iodide followed by acid hydrolysis to give Ⓑ of moLecular formula C₂H₆O. Ⓑ on reaction with PCl₅ gives Ⓑ. © on reaction with alcoholic KOK gives Ⓓ an alkene as the product. Identif’ Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ Ⓓ and explain the reactions involved.
Answer:
1. Ⓐ of molecular formula CH₂O is identified as HCHO, formaldehyde.

2. Formaldehyde reacts with CH₃MgI followed by hydrolysis to give ethanol, CH₃-CH₂OH B as the product.

3. Ethanol Ⓑ reacts with PCl₅ to give C₂H₅Cl, Ethyl chloride © as the product.

4. CH₃-CH₂Cl © on reaction with alcoholic KOH undergoes dehydrohalogenation to give ethylene CH₂=CH₃ Ⓓ as the product.

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