Category: Class 9

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 11 Atomic Structure

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Atomic Structure Textbook Exercises

I. Choice the correct answer.

9th Science Atomic Structure Question 1.
Among the following the odd pair is ………………
(a) \(_{8}^{18} \mathrm{O},^{37}_{7} \mathrm{Cl}\)
(b) \(_{18}^{40} \mathrm{Ar}, \stackrel{14}{7} \mathrm{N}\)
(c) \(\frac{30}{14} \mathrm{Si}, \frac{31}{15} \mathrm{P}\)
(d) \(_{24}^{54} \mathrm{Cr},_{19}^{39} \mathrm{K}\)
Answer:
(b) \(_{18}^{40} \mathrm{Ar}, \stackrel{14}{7} \mathrm{N}\)

Atomic Structure Class 9 Samacheer Kalvi Question 2.
Change in the number of neutrons in an atom changes it to
(a) an ion
(b) an isotope
(c) an isobar
(d) another element
Answer:
(b) an isotope

Chapter 11 Atomic Structure Question 3.
The term nucleons refer to
(a) Protons and electrons
(b) Only Neutrons
(c) Electrons and neutrons
(d) Protons and neutrons
Answer:
(d) Protons and neutrons

9th Science Atomic Structure Answers Question 4.
The number of protons, neutrons and electrons present respectively in 35Br
(a) 80, 80, 35
(b) 35, 55, 80
(c) 35, 35, 80
(d) 35, 45, 35
Answer:
(d) 35, 45, 35

Atomic Structure Book Back Answers Question 5.
The correct electronic configuration of potassium is
(a) 2,8,9
(b) 2,8,1
(c) 2,8,8,1
(d) 2,8,8,3
Answer:
(c) 2,8,8,1

II. True or false / if false give the correct answer.

1. In an atom, electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed orbits – True
2. Isotopes of an element have the different atomic numbers – False.
   Correct Statement: Isotopes are atoms of the same element, which have same atomic number but different mass numbers.
3. Electrons have negligible mass and charge – False.
   Correct Statement: Electrons have negligible mass and have negative charge.
4. Smaller the size of the orbit, lower is the energy of the orbit – True
5. The maximum number of electrons in L shell is 10 – False.
   Correct Statement: The maximum number of electron in L shell is 8

III. Fill in the Blanks.

1. Calcium and Argon are examples of a pair of ………………
2. Total Number of electrons that can be accommodated in an orbit is given by ………………..
3. …………… isotope is used in the nuclear reactors.
4. The number of neutrons present in \(_{3}^{7} \mathrm{Li}\) is ……………….
5. The valency of Argon is

Answer:

1. Isobars
2. 2n²
3. Radio
4. 4
5. 0

IV. Match the following.

1.	Dalton	(a)	Hydrogen atom model
2.	Thomson	(b)	Planetary model
3.	Rutherford	(c)	First atomic theory
4.	Neils Bohr	(d)	Plum pudding model
		(e)	Discovery of neutrons

Answer:

1. (c)
2. (d)
3. (b)
4. (a)

V. Complete the following table.

9th Atomic Structure Book Back Answers Question 1.

Atomic number	Mass number	Numbers of Neutrons	Numbers of Protons	Number of Electrons	Name of the Element
9	–	10	–	–	–
16	–	16	–	–	–
–	24	–	–	12	Magnesium
–	2	–	1	–	–
1	1	0	1	1	–

Answer:

Atomic number	Mass number	Numbers of Neutrons	Numbers of Protons	Number of Electrons	Name of the Element
9	19	10	9	9	Potassium
16	32	16	16	16	Sulphur
12	24	12	12	12	Magnesium
1	2	1	1	1	Deuterium
1	1	0	1	1	Hydrogen

VI. Answer very briefly.
9th Science Atomic Structure Book Back Answers Question 1.

Name an element which has the same number of electrons in its first and second shell.
Answer:
Beryllium

9th Science Guide Atomic Structure Question 2.
Write the electronic configuration of K and Cl
Answer:
Electronic configuration of
K⁺ – 2, 8, 8
Cl^– – 2, 8, 8

Atomic Structure Answers Question 3.
Compare the charge and mass of protons and electrons.
Answer:

	Mass	Charge
Proton	1.672 × 10<sup>- 24</sup>g	Positive
Electron	9.108 × 10<sup>- 28</sup>g	Negative

Atomic Structure In Tamil Question 4.
For an atom ‘X’, K, L and M shells are completely filled. How many electrons will be present in it?
Answer:
K – 2, L – 8, M – 18, 28 electrons – Nickel

Structure Of Atom Exercise Solution Class 9 Question 5.
Ca²⁺ has completely filled outer shell. Justify your answer.
Answer:
Ca²⁺ – K – 2, L – 8, M – 8, N – 2
Calcium loses two electrons and they become Ca²⁺ ions. Electronic configuration: 2, 8, 8

VII. Answer briefly.

Atomic Structure 9th Class Question 1.
State the law of multiple proportion.
Answer:
When two elements combine together to form more than one compound, the mass of two elements combines with a fixed mass in simple ratio.

Question 2.
List the uses of isotopes.
Answer:
The uses of radioactive isotopes are as follows.

Radioactive isotopes	Uses
Uranium 235	fuel in, nuclear reactors
Cobalt 60	Treatment of cancer
Iodine 131	Treatment of goiter
Carbon 14	Find the age of plants and animals

Question 3.
What is Isotone? Give an example.
Answer:
Atoms of different elements with different atomic number and different mass number, but with the same number of neutrons are called isotones.
Eg. Boron and carbon.

Question 4.
Draw the structure of oxygen and sulphur atoms.
Answer:

Question 5.
Calculate the number of neutrons, protons and electrons

1. atomic number 3 and mass number 7
2. atomic number 92 and mass number 238

Answer:

1. Number of neutrons – 4
   Number of protons – 3
   Number of electrons – 3
2. Number of neutrons – 146
   Number of protons – 92
   Number of electrons – 92

VIII. Long answer.

Question 1.
What conclusions were made from the observations of Gold foil experiment?
Answer:
In Rutherford’s Alpha ray scattering experiment, the following conclusions were made from the observations.

• Atom has a very small nucleus at the centre.
• There is a large empty space around the nucleus.
• The entire mass of an atom is concentrated in a very small positively charged region, which is called Nucleus.
• The electrons are distributed in the vacant space around the nucleus.
• The electrons move in circular paths around the nucleus.

Question 2.
Explain the postulates of Bohr’s atomic model.
Answer:
The main postulates of Neil’s Bohr are as follows.

1. In atoms, electrons revolve around the nucleus in special orbits called discrete orbits or shells or energy levels.
2. While the electrons revolve, they do not radiate energy.
3. The circular orbits are numbered as 1,2,3,4 or designated as K, L, M, N shells. These numbers are referred as principal quantum numbers (n).
4. K shell (n = 1) is closer to the nucleus and is associated with lowest energy. L, M, N are the next higher energy levels. As the distance from the nucleus increases, the energy of the shells also increase.
   
5. The energy of each orbit or shell is a fixed quantity.
6. As the distance from the nucleus increases, the size of the orbits also increases.
7. The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in an energy level is 2n² (n = quantum number of its orbit).
8. When an electron absorbs energy, it jumps from lower energy level to higher energy level.
9. When an electron returns from higher energy level to lower energy level, it gives off energy.

Question 3.
State the Gay Lussac’s law of combining volumes, explain with an illustration.
Answer:
Whenever gases react together, the volumes of the reacting gases and the products bear a simple whole number ratio, provided all the volumes are measured under similar conditions of temperature and pressure.
Steps:

Two volumes of hydrogen react with one volume of oxygen to form two volumes of water vapour that is the ratio by volume, which gases bears is
2:1:2, which is a simple whole number ratio.

Activity

Question 1.
Symbolically represent the following atoms using atomic number and mass number,

1. Carbon
2. Oxygen
3. Silicon
4. Beryllium

Answer:

1. Carbon = \(_{6}^{12} \mathrm{C}\)
2. Oxygen = \(\begin{array}{c}{16} \\ {8}\end{array}\)
3. silicon = \(_{14}^{28} \mathrm{S}\)
4. Beryllium = \(_{4}^{9} \mathrm{Be}\)

Test Yourself

Question 2.
Calculate the number of neutrons in the following atoms:

1. \(\begin{array}{l}{27} \\ {13}\end{array} \mathbf{A} \mathbf{I}\)
2. \(\begin{array}{l}{31} \\ {15}\end{array}\)
3. \(\begin{array}{l}{190} \\ {76}\end{array}\)
4. \(_{24}^{54} C_{1}\)

Answer:
Number of neutrons (n) = Mass number (A) – Atomic number (z)

1. \(\begin{array}{l}{27} \\ {13}\end{array} \mathbf{A} \mathbf{I}\) Number of neutrons (n) = 27 (A) – 13 (Z) = 14
2. \(\begin{array}{l}{31} \\ {15}\end{array}\) Number of neutrons (n) = 31 (A) – 15 (Z) =16
3. \(\begin{array}{l}{190} \\ {76}\end{array}\) Number of neutrons (n) = 190 (A) – 76 (Z) = 114
4. \(_{24}^{54} C_{1}\) Number of neutrons (n) = 54 (A) – 24 (Z) = 30

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Atomic Structure In Text Problems

Question 1.
Calculate the atomic number of an element whose mass number is 39 and number of neutrons is 20. Also find the name of the element.
Solution:
Mass Number = Atomic number + Number of neutrons
Atomic Number = Mass number – Number of neutrons
= 39 – 20
Atomic Number = 19
Element having atomic number 19 is Potassium (K)

Question 2.
What is the Electronic configuration of Aluminium?
Electronic configuration of Aluminium atom: (Z = 13) K shell = 2 , L shell = 8 and M shell = 3 electron. So its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 3

Question 3.
Find the valency of Magnesium and Sulphur.
Answer:
Electronic configuration of magnesium is 2, 8, 2. So valency is 2.
Electronic configuration of sulphur is 2, 8, 6. So valency is 2 i.e.(8 – 6)

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science History Solutions Chapter 2 Ancient Civilisations

Ancient Civilisations Textual Exercise

I. Choose the correct answer.

9th Social Guide Question 1.
The earliest signs to denote words through pictures ……………
(a) Logographic
(b) Pictographic
(c) Ideographic
(d) Stratigraphic
Answer:
(b) Pictographic

Ancient Civilizations 9th Class Question 2.
The preservation process of dead body in ancient Egypt ……………
(a) Sarcophagus
(b) Hyksos
(c) Mummification
(d) Polytheism
Answer:
(c) Mummification

Ancient Civilizations 9th Class Question 3.
The Sumerian system of writing : ……………
(a) Pictographic
(b) Hieroglyphic
(c) Sonogram
(d) Cuneiform
Answer:
(b) Hieroglyphic

9 Social Guide Question 4.
The Harappans did not have the knowledge of ……………
(a) Gold and Elephant
(b) Horse and Iron
(c) Sheep and Silver
(d) Ox and Platinum
Answer:
(d) Ox and Platinum

9th Social Science Guide Question 5.
The Bronze image suggestive of the use of lost-wax process known to the Indus people.
(a) Jar
(b) Priest king
(c) Dancing girl
(d) Bird
Answer:
(c) Dancing girl

Ancient Civilizations Questions And Answers Question 6.
(i) The oldest civilisation in Mesopotamia belonged to the Akkadians.
(ii) The Chinese developed the Hieroglyphic system.
(iii) The Euphrates and Tigris drain into the Mannar Gulf.
(iv) Hammurabi, the king of Babylon was a great law maker. .
(a) (i) is correct
(b) (i) and (ii) are correct
(c) (iii) is correct
(d) (iv) is correct
Answer:
(d) (iv) is correct

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Book Answers Question 7.
(i) Yangtze River is known as Sorrow of China.
(ii) Wu-Ti constructed the Great Wall of China.
(iii) Chinese invented gun powder.
(iv) According to traditions Mfencius was the founder of Taoism.
(a) (i) is correct
(b) (ii) is correct
(c) (iii) is correct
(d) (iii) and (iv) are correct
Answer:
(c) (iii) is correct

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 9th Social Science Question 8.
What is the correct chronological order of four civilisations of Mesopotamia?
(a) Sumerians – Assyrians – Akkadians – Babylonians
(b) Babylonians – Sumerians – Assyrians – Akkadians
(c) Sumerians – Akkadians – Babylonians – Assyrians
(d) Babylonians – Assyrians – Akkadians – Sumerians
Answer:
(c) Sumerians – Akkadians – Babylonians – Assyrians

9th Social Science Guide Pdf Download Question 9.
Assertion (A): Assyrians of Mesopotamian civilisation were contemporaries of Indus civilisation.
Reason (R): The Documents of an Assyrian ruler refer to the ships from Meluha.
(a) A and R are correct and A explains R
(b) A and R are correct but A doesn’t explain R
(c) A is incorrect but R is correct
(d) Both A and R are incorrect
Answer:
(d) Both A and R are incorrect

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. ……………. is a massive lime stone image of a lion with a human head.
2. The early form of writing of the Egyptians is known as ……………
3. ……………. specifies the Laws related to various crimes in ancient Babylonia.
4. …………… was the master archive keeper of Chou state, according to traditions.
5. The …………… figurines and paintings on the pottery from the sites suggest the artistic skills of the Harappans.
Answers:
1. The Great Sphinx of Ghiza
2. Hieroglyphic
3. Hammurabi code
4. Lao Tze
5. terracotta

III. Find out the correct statement.

Social Guide For Class 9 Question 1.
(a) The Great Bath at Harappa is well-built with several adjacent rooms.
(b) The cuneiform inscriptions relate to the epic of Gilgamesh.
(c) The terracotta figurines and dancing girl made of copper suggest the artistic skills of Egyptians.
(d) The Mesopotamians devised a solar calendar system.
Answer:
(a) correct
(b) correct
(c) incorrect
(d) incorrect

9th Standard Social Guide Question 2.
(a) Amon was considered the king of god in ancient Egypt.
(b) The fortified Harappan city had the temples.
(c) The great sphinx is a pyramid-shaped monument found in ancient Mesopotamia.
(d) The invention of the potter’s wheel is Credited to the Egyptians.
Answer:
(a) correct
(b) incorrect
(c) incorrect
(d) incorrect

IV. Match the following.

Answer:
1. (e)
2. (a)
3. (d)
4. (b)
5. (c)

V. Answer the following briefly.

9th Std Social Science Guide Pdf Question 1.
The Egyptians excelled in art and architecture. Illustrate.
Answer:

1. The Egyptians excelled in art and architecture. Their writing is also a form of art.
2. Numerous sculptures, painting and carvings attest to the artistic skills of Egyptians.
3. The Pyramids are massive monuments, built as tombs of mourning to the Pharaohs.
4. The Great Sphinx of Giza is a massive limestone image of a lion with a human head.

9th Standard Social Science Guide Question 2.
State the salient features of the Ziggurats.
Answer:

1. Ziggurats were pyramid – shaped monuments found in the ancient Mesopotamia (Modem Iraq).
2. One of the most famous Ziggurats of the time is the one in the city of Ur.
3. The Ziggurats were at the city centre on a platform and appeared like steep pyramids with staircases leading to the top.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Guide Free Download Pdf Question 3.
Hammurabi Code is an important legal document. Explain.
Answer:

1. Hammurabi Code is an important legal document that specifies the laws related to various crimes.
2. It has 282 provisions specifying cases related to family rights, trade, slavery, taxes and wages. ‘
3. It is carved on a stone, which portrays Hammurabi as receiving the code from the Sun god Shamash.
4. It was a compilation of old laws based on retributive principles. .
5. The ‘eye for eye’ and ‘tooth for tooth’ form of justice is used in the Hammurabi Code.

Indus Valley Civilization Samacheer Kalvi Question 4.
Write a note on the Great Wall of China.
Answer:

• The Great Wall of China, one of the wonders of the world, was a massive effort undertaken for the protection of China from the Mongols.
• In 220 BCE, under Qin Shi Huang, earlier fortifications were connected by walls as a form of defence against invasions.
• It was built from third century BCE until 17th century CE.
• It ran for over 20,000 kilometres covering the hills and plains, from the border of Korea in the east to the Ordos Desert in the west.

VI. Answer all the questions given under each caption.

1. Early Civilizations:
Social Science Class 9 Guide Question 1.
What is meant by civilization?
Answer:
(a) Civilisation is seen as an advanced, organised way of life.
(b) It instilled a way of life that could be considered as an adaptation to particular environmental and cultural contents.

Social 9th Guide Question 2.
Name the important early Civilizations.
Answer:
The Egyptian, Mesopotamian, the Chinese and the Indus were the important Civilisations.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Book Pdf Question 3.
What supported the livelihood of a large number of people?
Answer:
The surplus food production by the farmers in the fertile regions supported the livelihood of. a large number of people.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Book Answers Question 4.
What happened when civilization began to take shape?
Answer:
As civilizations began to take shape, huge buildings were built, the art of writing developed and science and technology contributed to the betterment of society.

2. Features of Egyptian Civilization:
Question 1.
Who built the pyramids and why?
Answer:
The pyramids are massive monuments built by Egyptians as tombs of mourning to the Pharaohs. The Great Pyramids near Cairo are known as the Gizza Pyramids.

Question 2.
What is the process of mummification?
Answer:
(a) The Egyptians had the tradition of preserving the dead bodies using Natron salt;, a combination of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
(b) The preservation process is called mummification.
(c) After 40 days when the salt absorbed all the moisture, the body was filled with sawdust and wrapped in strips of linen clothes and covered with fabric. The body was stored in a stone coffin called sarcophagus.

Question 3.
What is the belief system of ancient Egyptians?
Answer:
(a) The Egyptians believed in life after death.
(b) Egyptian practiced polytheism. They worshipped many Gods.

Question 4.
What is the importance of great sphinx?
Answer:
The Great sphinx of Giza is a massive limestone image of a lion with a human head.
It is dated to the time of Pharaoh Khaffe. It is one of the largest sculptures of the world and measures seventy three metres in length and twenty metres in height.

VII. Answer the following in detail.

Question 1.
Define the terms Hieroglyphics and Cuneiform with their main features.
Answer:
Hieroglyphics: Egyptians are well known for their writing system. Their form of writing is known as hieroglyphic. Hieroglyphic was used in the inscriptions on seals and other objects. The heretic, an another form of writing, was used for common purposes. This form of writing used a pictogram-based system. It was developed around 3000 BCE and many texts and books were written using this script.

The Egyptian writing system was deciphered by the French scholar, Francois Champollion (1822 CE). He used the Rosetta stone, a trilingual inscription, for deciphering the script. This inscription, which was written in Hieroglyphic, Demotic and Greek,- was taken to France by Napoleon and from there it was taken to England. Now this inscription is on display in the British Museum London.

Cuneiform: Cuneiform is the Sumerian writing system. The shape of the letter is in the form of wedge and hence it is called cuneiform. Evolving around 3000 BCE, it is one of the earliest scripts of the world. The epic of Gilgamesh was written in this script. They used this script for commercial transactions and writing letters and stories. The clay tablets contain loads of information on the Sumerian civilization.

Question 2.
To what extent is the Chinese influence reflected in the fields of philosophy and literature.
Answer:
(i) Chinese poets and philosophers such as Lao Tze, Confucius, Mencius, Mo Ti (Mot Zu) and Tao Chien (365-427 CE) contributed to the development of Chinese civilization. Sun-Tzu, a military strategist, wrote the work called Art of War.

(ii) The Spring and Autumn Annals is the official chronicle of the state at the time. The Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine is considered China’s earliest written book on medicine. It was codified during the time of Han Dynasty.

(iii) Lao Tze (c. 604-521 BCE) was the master archive keeper of Chou state. He was the founder of Taoism. He argued that desire is the root cause of all evils.

(iv) Confucius (551 —497 BCE) was famous among the Chinese philosophers. He was a political reformer. His name means Kung the master.

(v) He insisted on cultivation of one’s own personal life. He said, “If personal life is cultivated, family life is regulated; and once family life is regulated, national life is regulated.

(vi) Mencius (372-289 BCE) was another well-known Chinese philosopher. He travelled throughout China and offered his counsel to the rulers.

Student Activities

Question 1.
Mark the areas of Bronze Age civilization on the world map.
Answer:
The Bronze Age period: 3300 – 1200 B.C.
The location: China
(i) The Congshan people of China lived from around 300 B.C. to 2400 B.C. in China
(ii) Around 2300 B.C. in Europe.
The teacher can help the students to locate the place on the world map.

Question 2.
Prepare a chart on the pyramids and the mummies.
Answer:
Prepare a chart on the Pyramids and the Mummies with guidelines from the Textbook and the Internet. Students can be divided into groups & prepare the charts on the Pyramids and Mummies.

Question 3.
Collect the pictures of the seals and the pottery of Indus people.
Answer:
Download the pictures & collect them.
Assignment with teacher’s guidance
(i) Prepare a hand out comparing the ancient world civilizations.
Reference: Textbook & Internet
(ii) Prepare a scrap book collecting pictures on Indus civilization from website.
Students can collect pictures on Indus Civilization and paste it in their scrap book.

Ancient Civilisations Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
……………… times were mostly egalitarian in nature.
(a) Mesolithic
(b) Neolithic
(c) Palaeolithic
(d) Iron Age
Answer:
(a) Mesolithic

Question 2.
……………… became intimately connected with the Sangam Age Tamitagam by the Sea route.
(a) Romans
(b) Persians
(c) Egyptians
(d) Greeks
Answer:
(c) Egyptians

Question 3.
…………… were the contemporaries of the people of Indus and Egyptian civilisation.
(a) The Egyptians
(b) The Sumerians
(c) The Romans
(d) The Indus people
Answer:
(b) The Sumerians

Question 4.
……………. did not give much attention to the life after death.
(a) The Sumerians
(b) The Babylonians
(c) The Egyptians
(d) The Chinese
Answer:
(a) The Sumerians

Question 5.
The yellow river is known as the sorrow of …………
(a) Egypt
(b) Rome
(c) China
(d) Iraq
Answer:
(c) China

Question 6.
(i) The Egyptian king was known as the Pharaoh.
(ii) The preserved dead body is called the mummy..
(iii) The Egyptians have no belief in life after death.
(iv) Paprus was used for making paper.
(a) (i) is incorrect
(b) (ii) is incorrect
(c) (iii) is correct
(d) (iv) is incorrect
Answer:
(c) (iii) is correct

Question 7.
(i) Egypt was called as the Gift of Nile
(ii) Egyptians practiced polytheism
(iii) Thoth is the God of death
(iv) Cuneiform is Egyptian way of writing
(a) (i) & (ii) are incorrect
(b) (iii) & (iv) are correct
(c) (iii) is correct
(d) (i) & (ii) are correct
Answer:
(d) (i) & (ii) are correct

Question 8.
Confucius was famous among the Chinese Philosophers.
(a) Lao Tze
(b) Confucius
(c) Mencius
(d) Sun Tzu
Answer:
(b) Confucius

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. The river Nile originates in ……………
2. The preserved dead body is called …………….
3. …………. was the God of writing and learning.
4. The city of Akkad later became the city of ……………. a commercial and cultural centre of largest Asia.
5. …………. is perhaps the oldest written epic on earth.
6. ………….. was the popular ruler of ten late (or) neo Assyrian Empire.
7. ………….. was the first military power in History.
8. Agriculture was the main occupation of the …………..
9. The ……………. refers to the large collection of terrcotta warrior images found in China.
10. The Indus Valley civilization is also known as ………….. civilisation.
11. The Indus people worshipped …………… trees.
12. The Harappans had close trade link with the ………………
Answers:
1. Lake Victoria
2. the mummy
3. Thoth
4. Babylon
5. The Epic of Gilgamesh
6. Ashurbanipal
7. Assyrian Empire
8. Mesopotamians
9. The Terracotta Army
10. Harappan
11. Pipal
12. Mesopotamians

III. Find out the correct statement.

Question 1.
(a) The oldest civilisation in Mesopotamia belonged to the Sumerians.
(b) The Sumerians believed to have originated from Central Asia.
(c) Sargon and his descendants ruled Mesopotamia for more than 200 years.
(d) The Akkadians dominated Sumeria briefly from 2500 BCE to 2450 BCE.
Answer:
(a) correct
(b) correct
(c) incorrect
(d) incorrect

Question 2.
(a) The Harappans used painted Pottery.
(b) The Harappans have no knowledge about weights and measures.
(c) The Indus people buried the dead.
(d) The Indus civilization completely disappeared.
Answer:
(a) correct
(b) incorrect
(c) correct
(d) incorrect

IV. Match the following.

Answer:
1. (d)
2. (a)
3. (e)
4. (b)
5. (c)

V. Answer the following briefly.

Question 1.
The term civilization is used to distinguish the Urban society from early forms of societies. Why?
Answer:

• The Urban society practised crafts, engaged in trade and exchange, adopted science and technology and formed political organisation.
• Hence the term civilisation is used to distinguish them from the early forms of societies.

Question 2.
What is Egyptian civilization known for?
As one of the oldest civilizations, the Egyptian civilisation is known for its monumental architecture, art, sciences and crafts at a very early age.

Question 3.
Mention the contributions of the Mesopotamian civilization.
Answer:

1. The invention of the potter’s wheel is credited to the Sumerians.
2. They developed the calender system of 360 days and divided a circle into 360 units.
3. The Cuneiform system of writing was their contribution.
4. The Hammurabi’s law code was another legacy of the Mesopotamians.

Question 4.
Write a short note on “Silk Road” in China.
Answer:

1. The greatest of the Han emperors Wu Ti (Han Wu the Great, 141 to 87 BCE) sent Zhang Qian as emissary to the West in 138 BCE.
2. It paved the way for the opening of the Silk Road in 130 BCE to encourage trade activities.
3. Because of the Silk Road and the resultant trade connections, China benefitted immensely during the rule of Emperor Zhang.

Question 5.
The Indus civilisation is known as Harappan civilisation rather than Indus. Why?
Answer:

• The Indus valley civiliSation is also known as the Harappan civilisation since Harappa was the first site to be discovered.
• This civilisation is known as Harappan civilisation rather than Indus valley civilisation, since it extended beyond the Indus river valley.

VI. Answer all the questions given under each caption.

Question 1.
The Babylonians.
(i) Who were the Babylonians?
Answer:
The Semitic people called Amorites who moved from the Arabian desert into Mesopotamia, were known as Babylonians

(ii) Name the oldest written epic on earth. .
Answer:
The Epic of Gilgamesh is the oldest written epic on earth.

(iii) Who was a great law-maker?
Answer:
Hammurabi the sixth king of Babylon was a great law-maker.

(iv) What was the previous name of Babylon?
Answer:
The previous name of Babylon was the city of Akkad.

Question 2.
Indus civilisation.
(i) What is the other name of Indus civilisation?
Answer:
The Harappan civilisation.

(ii) What did the Harappans use for construction?
Answer:
The Harappans used baked and unbaked bricks and stones for construction.

(iii) What kind of potterys were used by the Harappans?
Answer:
The Harappans used painted potteries. Their potteries have a deep red slip and black paintings.

(iv) What was their belief for the dead?
Answer:
The Indus people buried the dead. Burials were done elaborately.

VII. Answer the following in detail.

Question 1.
How did the Egyptians excel in art and architecture? Explain.
Answer:

1. The Egyptians excelled in art and architecture. Their writing is also, a form of art.
2. Numerous sculptures, painting and carvings attest to the artistic skills of Egyptians.
3. The pyramids are massive monuments built as tombs of mourning to the Pharaohs.
4. The great pyramids near Cairo are known as the Giza Pyramids.
5. Pyramids are considered to be one of the wonders of the world, and they were built between 2575 and 2465 BCE.
6. These monuments display the engineering, architectural and human resource management skills of the Egyptians.
7. The Great Sphinx of Giza is a massive limestone image of a lion with a human head.
8. It is dated to the time of Pharaoh Khaffe. It is one of the largest sculptures of the world
   and measures seventy three metres in length and twenty metres in height.

Question 2.
Compare the Indus Civilization with Tamil Civilization.
Answer:
(i) The similarity of the graffiti found on the megalithic burial pots of South India with the Indus script and the identical place names of Tamil Nadu and Indus region of Pakistan are presented as arguments to establish the relationship between the Indus civilisation and Tamil culture.

(ii) Researchers like Father Henry Heras, Asko Parpola and Iravatham Mahadevan find similarity between the Indus script and the Dravidian/Tamil language.

(iii) Archaeological evidence points out that several groups of people have been living in Tamil Nadu and South India continuously from the Mesolithic period.

(iv) A few groups from the Indus region might have migrated into southern India.

(v) Some of the ideas and technologies of the Indus civilisations had reached South India in the Iron Age.

(vi) The camelian beads, shell bangles and bronze mirrors found in the Megalithic/Early Historic sites of Tami Nadu were first introduced by the people of the Indus civilisation. More research is needed to arrive at any definite conclusion in this matter.

(vii) The towns of ancient Tamilagam such as Arikkamedu, Uraiyur and Keezhadi that flourished are part of the second urbanisation of India and these towns are much different from the Indus cities. These towns emerged approximately 1,200 years after the decline of the Indus civilisation.

You can Download I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf Prose Chapter 2 help you to revise complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Prose Chapter 2 I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore

I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore Warm Up:

I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore Question (a).
Have you ever tried swinging from a tree?
Answer:
I love swinging from a tree. It is a good sport. It reduces stress and rejuvenates us to face tomorrow stress free.

I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore Questions And Answers Question (b).
Have you ever climbed up a tree to pluck fruits?
Answer:
Yes, I have done it. During summer holidays, when I return to my native place, once I had climbed up a mango tree and plucked the fruits stealthily.

I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore Summary Question (c).
Think of other occasions when you have climbed up trees, either near your homes or outside. Share your reasons with the class.
Answer:
Tree climbing is a recreational or functional activity consisting of ascending and moving around in the crown of trees. Climbing up a tree was a very popular activity when I was an elementary school student. I was a tomboy and preferred to go outside everyday playing with some friends. One day, during a break between classes, I was as usual trying to climb up a tree. It was quite thin and not very tall; also the tree which I chose was located in front of a park. In the park, there were many people who were almost all students of the same school.

I climbed up steadily and finally arrived at the top of the tree. I could feel the fresh wind and survey the view. The weather was warm and sunny. After I was satisfied I tried to climb down quickly because it was time to get back to class. I got caught in one of the branches and couldn’t move further. It was so embarrassing because all my friends were watching. A couple of minutes later, my teacher ran to the bottom part of the tree with a worried face and helped me to climb’ down safely.

I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore Intext Questions

I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore Book Back Answers Question 1.
What was the old house built with?
Answer:
The old house was built with solid block of granite.

I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore Questions And Answers Pdf Question 2.
Does the visitor still live in the house?
Answer:
No, the visitor does not live in the beautiful old house.

9th English I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore Question 3.
What did the visitor hide in the jackfruit tree?
Answer:
The visitor hid some marbles, a book, a few old coins and an Iron Cross in the jackfruit tree.

Can’t Climb Trees Anymore Questions Answers Question 4.
When did the visitor actually hide the Iron Cross?
Answer:
The visitor hid the Iron Cross twenty-five years ago.

I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore Textual Questions

A. Based on your understanding of the story, indicate either ‘T’ (True) or ‘F’( False) against the columns.

Answers:

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. False
7. True
8. False
9. False
10. False

B. Based on your understanding of the story, answer the following questions by choosing the correct answer.

1. The story I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore highlights the importance of ………………….. .
(a) old age
(b) youth
(c) adulthood
(d) middle age
Answer:
(b) youth

2. The house which was visited by the man ………………….. .
(a) remained unchanged.
(b) was totally changed.
(c) was slightly repaired.
(d) was given a facelift.
Answer:
(a) remained unchanged.

3. Who said, “A blessing rests on the house where the shadow of a tree falls”?
(a) Grandmother
(b) Uncle
(c) Grandfather
(d) The visitor
Answer:
(a) Grandmother

4. The visitor came back to the house because he …………………. .
(a) wanted to see the jackfruit tree.
(b) was looking for his lost youth.
(c) wanted to look again at his old house
(d) wanted to buy the house.
Answer:
(b) was looking for his lost youth.

5. The visitor gifted the …………….. to the little girl.
(a) iron cross
(b) marbles
(c) bronze medal
(d) old coins
Answers
(a) iron cross

C. Answer the following questions in a sentence or two.

Can’t Climb Trees Anymore Summary Question 1.
Explain: “Blessings rest on the house where the shadow of a tree falls”.
Answer:
We humans treat Nature as God. Nature’s gifts have always been thanked and taken. If a house has the shadow of a tree falling on it, then the inmates of the house have a feeling of being protected, guarded and blessed under the bowers of God.

9th Class Can’t Climb Trees Anymore Question 2.
What did the writer observe about the house?
Answer:
Ruskin Bond stood on the grass verge by the side of the road and looked over the garden wall at the old house. The old house was built with solid blocks of granite. There was a new outhouse and lesser trees. The jackfruit tree was at the side of the building casting its shade on the wall. There used to be a turnstile which he, as a boy, would swing round until he got dizzy. In its place now was a wall with tall hollyhocks on the side of the wall.

Question 3.
What was the local superstition about trees?
Answer:
The belief the local people had about trees was that when the shadow of the tree falls on a house that house is blessed by God.

Question 4.
What did the visitor do with the turnstile when he was a boy?
Answer:
When he was a boy, Bond used to swing round and round the turnstile until he was dizzy.

Question 5.
Who is the owner of the house now?
Answer:
Colonel is the owner of the house now.

Question 6.
Why did the visitor return to his old house?
Answer:
The visitor returned to his old house searching for his memories of old days by going back to the places of his youth and childhood.

Question 7.
How did he get back the Iron Cross?
Answer:
The girl who lived in the house where Bond had spent his early days climbed up the tree and got for him the old Iron Cross from the hollow space. Bond kept it there approximately twenty-five years before.

Question 8.
How did the grandfather get the iron cross?
Answer:
The grandfather fought in France in the First World War. The Iron Cross was a German decoration awarded for bravery during the War. The grandfather got the Cross from a German soldier.

Question 9.
What did he do with the old Iron Cross?
Answer:
He returned the old Iron Cross to the girl because Bond did not go there in search of the Cross but for his youth.

Question 10.
Where had he left his childhood treasures?
Answer:
He had left his childhood treasures in jackfruit tree’s hollow.

D. Match the words in column A with the meanings in column B by drawing a line as shown.

Answers:
1.(f) 2.(e) 3.(a) 4.(b) 5.(c) 6.(d) 7. (h) 8.(g)

E. Read these shortened forms of words and write the full form for the remaining words and complete the table given below.
won’t : will not
I’d : I had / I would
I’ll : I will

Answers:

1. you had/would
2. they have
3. he had/would
4. he is/was
5. was not
6. is not
7. does not
8. are not
9. would not
10. cannot

Speaking:

F. You are visiting the primary school where you studied classes I to IV, after six years. You get a chance to go to your standard two classroom and you are permitted to sit at the same place where you used to sit.

Question 1.
What would you remember?
Answer:
I would remember about the happy times spent in my classroom with my friends. My place in the classroom and learn writing again in the four lines on the board etc.

Question 2.
Describe your feelings at that time.
Answer:
In ecstasy, as the cherished moments are relived and though it can’t come back in our life again, we do get a sense of satisfaction.

Question 3.
Who do you miss very badly, your friends or teachers?
Answer:
Of course friends, we cannot deny the very important role played by the teachers in shaping us what we are today. Missing only the friends because every second of the school timings was made a memorable one by them only.

Question 4.
Share your thoughts with the class.
Answer:
Apart from home, school is the single most important place in the lives of most children. The experience of school will play a vital part in their lives and will determine their academic, social and probably their occupational future. The desks, the rooms, the entire ambience remained the same. The minute I saw the school. I recalled several moments, spent some time in the place where I was seated in class 1 and then went to each and every place and cherished the recalled moments. I shall never forget them. It was like a time machine which helped relive my moments.

Writing:

G. On seeing these pictures, you would have gone down your memory lane. Write a paragraph in about 50 words describing your favourite sport when you were young.

My favorite sport – Gilli Danda
It is an amateur sport. The game is played with two sticks; one large called danda and the other one-fourth of the size of large stick called gilli with tapered ends. The players are divided in two teams to play this game, the hitter team and the opponent team. The danda is used to flick the short gilli into the air, and hit again to make it travel to a maximum distance. In case the hitter is unable to flick the gilli. their turn gets over after three chances. The hitter’s score is measured by the distance from the place where he hit the gilli while it is up in the air. If the opposing team catches the gilli, then the hitter ends his him.

Think and Write

H. Based on the story and your own ideas write your answers in about 80 to 100 words each.

Question 1.
Imagine yourself as the writer. Narrate the story of your visit to your ancestral house.
Answer:
I decided in the middle of my age to relive some of the moments by practically visiting the spot. So, I went to Dehra where I spent my childhood days with my grandparents. I observed from far and noticed that the house has not changed much. I was happy to see the blocks of granite building and the jackfruit tree. Turnstile where I swung round and round was missing. Tall hollyhocks grew on one side of wall that was built in that place.

When the girl invited me inside the house I climbed over the wall but couldn’t land safe. I didn’t enter the house but spent sometime sitting on the stone bench under a mango tree. I recalled the music of a piano, the chiming of a grandfather clock, the cranking up of the old car of my grandfather, constant twitter of budgerigars on the veranda, and my treasure stacked in a hollow space of the jackfruit tree. All this memories relived gave me a lot of strength, happiness and boosted me too.

Question 2.
The man who came to the house gave the cross as a gift to the girl. Why did he do this? What do you think would have happened if he had taken back the cross with him?
Answer:
The man gave the cross to the girl because his purpose of visit was not to collect it from his old house. The girl also may not have any particular use with that iron cross but would have taught her a lesson how each moment is precious in our life. Suppose, the man had taken the cross with him, he would not be able to treasure it as she would due to her age. It is young, teenage period where such innocent, sweet nothings are loved and enjoyed.

Creative Writing:

I. Write a letter to your friend describing your ancestral house.

22 May 2019
Chennai

Hi Vijay,
After a long period, I had the opportunity to revisit my ancestral house. Each and every moment was very valuable in my life. My maternal grandparents’ house in the midst of widespread greenery, a big house with unending halls and large rooms, scent of love, pleasure, moist imprint of kisses of my relatives. The house painted white with ample car parking area. My ancestral house was an antique piece due to its magnificence and splendor. The house also had the magnetic Rolls Royce car which was the most attractive commodity bought by my grandfather. I liked the view on the first floor near the balcony from which I could grasp the beautiful scenery of fields at the rear side while the market at the other side. The furniture was all one of its kind. What is said is one-tenth of these marvel, untold is innumerable. Rest in next letter as I am bit too emotionally disturbed. If there is any matter of concern do write to me. Bye. Meet you soon.

Yours friendly,
Bala

Address on the envelope:

Grammar:

A. Work with a partner and fill in the table with information about your locality. You may add more information, if necessary. When you finish filling the table, write a short paragraph comparing the two places.

Answer:

I stay in Madipakkam. My partner lives in Nanganallur. My house is very close to Velachery railway station. But it is quite far from Chennai airport. Whereas Nanganallur is close to airport. Grand Mall is at a walkable distance from my house. But in case of my partner there are no malls as it is renowned as temple city. It is one of the important heritage centres of Chennai. Madipakkam is surrounded by lakes. It is a water logging area. There are no drainage and water connection. Media shows my place during raining season as the boats come to rescue and the food supply is from the air through helicopters.

B. Give your opinion and compare the items in each picture using -er, more, less, or an irregular form. Use the words. You may form your sentences in more than one way.

Answers:
1. (a) Indian food is healthier than Italian food.
(b) No other food is as healthy as Indian food.
(c) Indian food is more calorific then junk food.

2. (a) Motor bikes are not safer than cycles.
(b) Bicycle is the most eco-friendly vehicle.
(c) Bicycle is economical.

3. (a) Android phones are trendy.
(b) Android phone sare more interesting than radio.
(c) Android phones also act as one of the best education tools.

4. (a) Train journey is safe.
(.b) Train journey is quicker than bus.
(c) Train journey is one of the most comfortable forms of transport.

5. (a) Wooden chain is sturdy.
(b) Cushion chair is cozier then wooden chain.
(c) Cushion chair is the costliest of all chairs available in the market.

C. Look at the bar-graph. Write five sentences using the appropriate degrees of comparison.

1. Paragliding was more popular in the year 2001 than 2017.
2. Bungee Jumping was the most favourite adventure sports in India in the year 2017.
3. Surfing was only liked by 10% of people in the year 2017.
4. Bungee Jumping was more popular than Rock Climbing in the year 2017.
5. 20% of the people loved rafting as adventure sport in the year 2017.

Listening

D. Listen to the conversation between Leena and her mother and list down a few new words. Using a dictionary find out the meaning for those words.
(For listening to the passage refer to our website www.fullcircleeducatiori. in)

Mother : Leena, what are your plans for the winter vacation? I thought we could go to a heritage site in India.
Leena : No Mom. This time, I wish to take up an adventure sport which I have been planning for long. But I am not sure whether we have good options for adventure sports in India.
Mother : Why not! India is a versatile and multifaceted country and every part of it offers some new adventure to see, some new place to visit. Ranging from the wonderful treks on the powerful and the bold mountain ranges of Himalayas, sky diving adventures in the west, hill stations of the south, proclaiming beauty of the Karst caves to the desert trips in Thar, all the varieties are found in one nation.
Leena : That’s great to know that with the brooding modem nation, you can savour all the adventures either in the.midst of towns or surrounded with the nature’s bounty.
Mother : But we must carefully choose the organizations that offer such programmes. We should go for ones that are registered with Adventure Tour Operators Association of India and Ministry of Tourism.
Leena : Ok, Mom. Let us see if any of those places have bungee jumping. I have been dreaming of doing this dare-devil jump for the past two years.
Mother : If you are really ready for bungee-jumping, I suggest we go to Rishikesh. Apart from leaping off a cliff, you can do white-water rafting too. What do you say? Let’s talk to your father and ask him to do some enquiries.
Leena : Yaayyy!!! I am so excited. I can’t wait for Dad to come back from office.

Answer:

E. Just a Minute:

The class will be divided into groups of five. Each one of you will get a topic to speak on, which will be related to the theme of the unit. A preparation time of one minute will be given. Then, you have to speak for one minute continuously. The teacher will ring the bell to signal the end of a minute. Next person in the team will take over.
The challenges of the one minute speech are to speak without

• hesitation, stuttering and stammering
• pauses, gesticulations and repetitions
• deviating from the topic

Social Networking:

A social networking service is a platform to build social networks or social relations among people who share interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections. A social networks service consists of a representation of each user, his social links and a variety of additional services. Social networks are web based services that allow individuals to create a public profile, to create a list of users with whom to share connections, and view and cross the connection within the system. Most social network services are web bases and provide means to interact over the internet, such as e-mail and instant messaging. Online community services are sometimes considered as a social network service.

I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore by Ruskin Bond About The Author:

Ruskin Bond (born 1934) is an award winning Indian author of British descent, much renowned for his role in promoting children’s literature in India. A prolific writer, sought solace in reading and writing. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1999 and Padma Bhushan in 2014. Ruskin Bond’s writing career spans over five decades over the course of which he experimented with different genres including fiction, essays, autobiographical, non-fiction, romance and books for children. Some of his works have been adapted for the television and films. ‘The Blue Umbrella’ novel was made as a film for children which won the National Award for Best Children’s Film.

I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore Summary:

I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore is an e×citing short story by Ruskin Bond. The story underlines a very basic feature of our lives: searching the memories of old days by going back to the places of childhood and finding those people who once were part of our everyday life. It brings back the nostalgia that has been forgotten with the passage of time. Bond comes down to the city of Dehra from Mussoorie. He understands that many of his friends might have moved to other cities in the pursuit of career or otherwise. He moves to his grandmother’s bungalow.

He had spent a lot of time with her, especially during summer vacation. After her death, the bungalow was sold to someone else. Bond doesn’t know who owns it now but he still remember the trees. Some of them were planted by him. He observes the familiar trees and other things while losing himself in the flood of memories. Soon a girl aged around twelve comes to the gate and asks him the reason for staring at his home. Bond says that once this house belonged to him. The girl, understanding his feelings, invites him inside. Bond comes in by climbing the wall in remembrance of his childhood days.

They both sit on a bench beneath the mango tree. Bond says that he loves the Jackfruit tree and around forty years ago, he placed a cross on it which was brought by his grandfather from Germany who fought the World War II. The girl insists him to climb the tree to look for it but Bond knows that he is no more a kid of that era. So, he refuses to climb the tree. The girl brimming with energy of growing years climbs up the tree and brings down a rusted iron cross. It was the same cross Bond had placed there. The girl gives it to him but Bond refuses to take and says before leaving that he came here to find the lost youth, not the cross.

I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore Glossary:

Textual:
bougainvillea – an ornamental shrubby climbing plant that is widely cultivated in tropics
brigadier – a rank of officer in the British army, above Colonel
budgerigars – a small Australian bird of the parrot family, often kept in a cage as a pet
chiming – make melodious ringing sounds typically to indicate the time
colonel – a rank of officer in the army
cranking – the act of turning a handle to start an engine
hollyhocks – a tall Eurasian plant of the mallow family, with large showy flowers
muttered – to utter words in a low tone
pruning – the act of trimming a plant
slithered – slide or slip unsteadily on a loose or slippery surface
sprightliness – lively and full of energy
trapeze – a horizontal bar hanging by two ropes and free to swing, used by acrobats in a circus.
turnstile – a mechanical gate consisting of revolving horizontal arms fixed to a vertical post, allowing only one person at a time to pass through

Additional:
Brisk – Confident and practical, wanting to get things done quickly
Hollow – With a hole or empty space, not sincere, hollow promise
Information – Knowledge, fact
Remember – To not to forget to do, remind
Understand – Believe, to know or realize the meaning

Synonyms:
glad – happy
valuable – useful
prove – evidence
constant – existing

Antonyms:
friend × foe
smiled × frowned
silent × violent
brisk × shy
elder × younger

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 17 Animal Kingdom

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Animal Kingdom Textbook Exercises

I. Choose the correct answer.

Animal Kingdom Class 9 Pdf Samacheer Kalvi Question 1.
Find the group having only marine members.
(a) Mollusca
(b) Coelenterata
(c) Echinodermata
(d) Porifera
Answer:
(c) Echinodermata

Chapter 17 Animal Kingdom Question 2.
Mesoglea is present in …………………
(a) Porifera
(b) Coelenterata
(c) Annelida
(d) Arthropoda
Answer:
(b) Coelenterata

9th Science Animal Kingdom Question 3.
Which one of the following pairs is not a poikilothermic animal?
(a) Fishes and Amphibians
(b) Amphibians and Aves
(c) Ayes and Mammals
(d) Reptiles and mammals
Answer:
(a) Fishes and Amphibians

9th Science Guide Animal Kingdom Question 4.
Identify the animal having a four-chambered heart ………………..
(a) Lizard
(b) Snake
(c) Crocodile
(d) Calotes
Answer:
(c) Crocodile

Animal Kingdom Questions And Answers Class 9 Question 5.
The animal without skull is …………………….
(a) Acrania
(b) Acephalia
(c) Apteria
(d) Acoelomate
Answer:
(a) Acrania

9th Science Animal Kingdom Answer Key Question 6.
Hermaphrodite organisms are …………………….
(a) Hydra, Tapeworm, Earthworm, Amphioxus
(b) Hydra, Tapeworm, Earthworm, Ascidian
(c) Hydra, Tapeworm, Earthworm, Balanoglossus
(d) Hydra, Tapeworm, Ascaris, Earthworm
Answer:
(d) Hydra, Tape worm, Ascaris, Earthworm

9th Science Unit 17 Animal Kingdom Question 7.
Poikilothermic organisms are ……………………….
(a) Fish, Frog, Lizard, Man
(b) Fish, Frog, Lizard, Cow
(c) Fish, Frog, Lizard, Snake
(d) Fish, Frog, Lizard, Crow
Answer:
(c) Fish, Frog, Lizard, Snake

9th Standard Science Animal Kingdom Question 8.
Air sacs and pneumatic bones are seen in ……………………….
(a) fish
(b) frog
(c) bird
(d) bat
Answer:
(c) bird

Animal Kingdom Lesson For 9th Class Question 9.
An excretory organ of tapeworm is ………………………
(a) Flame cells
(b) Nephridia
(c) Body surface
(d) Solenocytes
Answer:
(a) Flame cells

Animal Kingdom 9th Class Question 10.
Water vascular system is found in ……………………….
(a) hydra
(b) earthworm
(c) starfish
(d) Ascaris
Answer:
(c) starfish

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. The skeletal framework of Porifera is ……………………….
2. Ctenidia are respiratory organs in ……………………
3. Skates are ……………… fishes.
4. The larvae of an amphibian is …………………..
5. …………….. are jawless vertebrates.
6. ………………… is the unique characteristic feature of mammal.
7. Spiny anteater is an example for ………………  mammal.

Answer:

1. spicules
2. Octopus
3. Cartilaginous
4. tadpole
5. Cyclostomes
6. Placenta
7. egg-laying

III. State whether true or false. If false write the correct statement.

1. Canal system is seen in coelenterates – False
   Correct statement: Canal system is seen in Porifera.
2. Hermaphrodite animals have both male and female sex organs – True
3. Trachea are the respiratory organ of Annelida – False
   Correct Statement: Trachea are the respiratory organ of Arthropoda.
4. Bipinnaria is the larva of Mollusca – False
   Correct statement: Bipinnaria is the larva of Echinodermata
5. Balanoglossus is a ciliary feeder – True
6. Fishes have two chambered heart – True
7. Skin of reptilians are smooth and moist – False
   Correct statement: Their body is covered with homy epidermal scales.
8. Wings of birds are the modified forelimbs – True
9. Female mammals have mammary glands True.

IV. Match the following.

Phylum	Examples
1. Coelenterata	(a) Snail
2. Platyhelminthes	(b) selfish
3. Echinodermata	(c) Tapeworm
4. Mollusca	(d) Hydra

Answer:

1. (d) Hydra
2. (c) Tapeworm
3. (b) selfish
4. (a) Snail

V. Answers in brief.

9th Animal Kingdom Book Back Answers Question 1.
Define taxonomy.
Answer:
The theoretical study of classification which includes its basic principles, procedures and rules.

9th Science Chapter 17 Question 2.
What is a nematocyst?
The stinging cells present at tentacles of aquatic animals like jelly fish, hydra, etc in phylum coelenterata is called nematocyst (cnidoblast)

9th Animal Kingdom Question 3.
Why coelenterates are called diploblastic animals?
Answer:
The animals in phylum coelenterates have two layers the outer ectoderm and the inner endoderm in the body wall. So they are called diploblastic animals.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Animal Kingdom Question 4.
List the respiratory organs of amphibians.
Answer:
The respiratory organs of amphibians are gills, lungs, skin and pharyngeal region.

Animal Kingdom Lesson For 9th Standard Question 5.
How does locomotion take place in starfish?
Answer:
Locomotion is affected by tube feet.

Animal Kingdom Class 9 Question 6.
Are Jelly fish and star fish similar to fishes? Give reasons.
Answer:
No. Jelly fish and starfish are not similar to fishes because jelly fish belongs to Cnidarians. Star fish belongs to Echinodermata. Fishes belongs to class Pisces.

Animal Kingdom Class 9 Pdf Question 7.
Why are frogs said to be amphibians?
Answer:
The frogs have dual adaptation in land and aquatic environments. So they are called amphibians.

VI. Short answer questions.

9th Science Chapter 17 Question Answer Question 1.
Give an account on phylum Annelida.
Answer:

1. The animals in phylum annelida are segmented worms.
2. Example: Earth worms, Leeches and a group of marine worms.
3. Segmented body shows metamerism which means the property of having repeated homologous organs in each segment.
4. The animals possess body cavity called coelom.
5. Some organisms show movable bristles called setae.
6. They have no legs and no hard skeleton.
7. The body is covered by moist outer cuticle.
8. A thick multi-layered structure, outside the epidermis provides protection.
9. They have a central nervous system with a brain.
10. Metabolic wastes are removed by Nephridia.

Animal Kingdom Science Class 9 Question 2.
Differentiate between flatworms and roundworms.
Answer:

Flatworms	Roundworms
The flatworms come under phylum Platyhelminthes.	The roundworms come under phylum Nematoda
Flatworms have a dorsoventrally flattened body.	Roundworms have cylindrical body with tapering at one end.
Flatworms do not have cuticle.	Roundworms have an outer covering called cuticle.
Flatworms are parasitic in nature.	Roundworms live either on water or in soil.

Animal Kingdom 9th Book Back Answers Question 3.
Outline the flow charts of Phylum Chordata.
Answer:

Class 9 Science Chapter 17 Question 4.
List five characteristic features of fishes.
Answer:

1. Fishes are poikilothermic, whose internal temperature varies, considerably.
2. The body has a covering of scales.
3. Body muscles are arranged into segments called myotomes.
4. The body is differentiated into head, trunk and tail.
5. Respiration is done by 5 to7 pairs of gills, which are covered by an operculum or sometimes maybe naked.

Question 5.
Comment on the aquatic and terrestrial habits of amphibians.
Answer:

1. The transition from aquatic to terrestrial living is clearly indicated in Amphibian.
2. They are the first vertebrates to live on land.
3. Amphibians have dual adaptation to living in aquatic and land environments.
4. The double life is called amphibious.
5. In frogs, the hind limbs have webbed feet.
6. The skin is moist and glandular usually without scale.
7. Respiration is by gills, lungs, skin and pharyngeal region.
8. The heart has three chambers, with two auricles and a single ventricle.
9. Fertilization is external.
10. The larva is a tadpole, which is metamorphoses into an adult.

Question 6.
How are the limbs of the birds adapted for avian life?
Answer:

1. Birds have spindle-shaped body.
2. The forelimbs are modified as wings for aerial locomotion.
3. The air sacs present in the birds, make the bird lightweight.
4. The body is covered with feathers.

VII. Long answer questions.

Question 1.
Describe the characteristic features of different Prochordates.
Answer:
Prochordates are the forerunners of Vertebrates. They do not have a cranium or skull. So they are called Acrania. The classification is based on the nature of the notochord. The following are the three subphyla of prochordata.
(a) Hemichordates:

Eg- Balanoglossus.
The organism lack notochord and are without backbones. They are tuberculous forms. The body is soft, vermiform, unsegmented, bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic. The notochord is persistent as the stomochord in the anterior region.

(b) Cephalochordates:

Eg- Amphioxus
The notochord extends forward beyond the brain. Small fish like marine chordates with i unpaired dorsal fins.

(c) Urochordates:

Eg- Ascidians
The notochord is confined to the tail region of the larva. In adults, they degenerate and are in sessile forms. The body is enveloped by a tunic or test.

Question 2.
Give an account on phylum Arthropoda.

1. Arthropoda is the largest phylum.
2. The organisms have jointed legs.
3. The body is segmented into head, thorax and abdomen.
4. The exoskeleton is made up of chitin.
5. The coelomic cavity is filled with haemolymph (blood).
6. They do not have defined blood vessels. This is called open circulatory system.
7. The insects shed the exoskeleton and this process is called moulting.
8. Small Arthropods absorb oxygen through the body and larger aquatic species breathe through book gills.
9. Land Arthropods breathe through a system of tiny body tubes called tracheae.
10. Excretion occurs through malphigian tubules and through green glands in crabs and prawns. .
11. Insects, spiders, crabs, shrimps, butterflies, millipedes, centipedes, and scorpions are some arthropods.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Animal Kingdom Additional Questions

I. Fill in the blanks.

1. In binomial classification of animal and plant, the first name is ………… and the second is ……………..
2. The bacteria cells have no …………….
3. The two major category of life are …………. and ……………
4. ……….. refers to a fluid filled cavity inside the body.
5. Kingdom animals is classified into two sub kingdom namely ………….. and ……………
6. In phylum Porifera, the organisms have many pores in their body called ………….. and for circulation of water.
7. In Phylum Coelenterate, the organisms exist in two different body namely a ………….. and a ……………..
8. The most common larva in phylum Mollusca is ……………….
9. The most common larva in phylum Echinodermata is ……………….
10. Dairy farming is referred to as ……………….

Answer:

1. Genus, Species
2. Nucleus
3. Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes
4. Coelom
5. Invertebrata, Vertebrata
6. Ostia, Osculum
7. Polyp, Medusa
8. Trochophore
9. Bipinnaria Larva
10. White Revolution

II. Write true or false for the following statement and write the correct statement for the false statements.

1. Amoebic dysentery is caused by plasmodium – False.
   Correct Statement: Amoebic dysentery is caused by protozoa entamoeba histolytica.
2. The first systematic approach to the classification of living organisms was done by Carl Linnaeus – True
3. Sponges do not have any true tissues – True
4. In phylum Arthropoda, the organisms have jointed legs – True
5. In phylum Mollusca, the body of organisms is divided into head, thorax and abdomen – False.
   Correct Statement: In phylum Mollusca the body of organisms is divided into head, muscular foot and the visceral mass.

III. Write any three common characteristic features of the following phyla of invertebrates and classes of vertebrates.

1. Protozoa :
   • Single-celled eukaryotes.
   • Locomotion is done by pseudopodia.
   • The nutrition is either autotrophic or heterotrophic.
2. Platyhelminthes:
   • This Phylum includes flatworms.
   • Excretion and osmoregulation occur through flame cells.
   • These worms are hermaphrodites having both male and female reproductive organs in a single individual.
3. Mollusca:
   • Soft-bodied animals without segmentation.
   • The body is covered by a mantle and a shell.
   • Respiration is carried through gills or lungs or both.
4. Class Reptilia:
   • The body is covered by an exoskeleton of homy epidermal scales.
   • The respiration is by lungs.
   • The heart is three-chambered, except crocodile, which has four chambers.-
5. Class Mammalia:
   • They have epidermal hairs, sweat, sebaceous and scent glands.
   • The mammary glands are the modified integumentary glands.
   • The external ear or pinna is present in most of the mammals.

IV. Write the binomial name for the following common names of animals.

S. No.	Common Name	Binomial Name
1.	Amoeba	Amoeba proteus
2.	Cockroach	Periplaneta americana
3.	Roundworm	Ascaris lumbricoides
4.	Frog	Rana hexadactyla
5.	Crow	Corvus splendens
6.	Dog	Canis familiaris
7.	Cat	Felis felis
8.	Man	Homo sapiens

V. Write the names of any two organisms for the following each phylum and the classes.

S. No.	Phylum Classes	Two Organisms
1	Protozoa	Amoeba, Euglena
2	Porifera	Spongilla, Sea sponge
3	Coelenterata	Jellyfish, Hydra
4	Platyhelminthes	Liver fluke, Tapeworm
5	Nematoda	Ascaris lumbricoides, wuchereria boncrofti
6	Annelida	Earthworm, Leech.
7	Arthropoda	Cockroach, Centipede
8	Mollusca	Octopus, Snail
9	Echinodermata	Starfish, Sea urchin
10	Pisces	Fishes, Sharks
11	Amphibia	Frogs, Toads
12	Reptilia	Lizard, Crocodile
13	Aves	Dove, Duck
14	Mammalia	Elephant, Goat

VI. Write the number of chambers of heart in the following classes of vertebrates.

S. No.	Classes of Vertebrates	Number of Chambers
1	Class Pisces	Two chambers
2	Class Amphibia	Three chambers
3	Class Reptilia	Three chambers, except crocodile (4 chambers)
4	Class Aves	Four chambers
5	Class Mammalia	Four chambers

You can Download Old Man River Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf Prose Chapter 3 help you to revise complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Prose Chapter 3 Old Man River

Old Man River Warm Up:

Look at these pictures of cyclone, floods, earthquake and tsunami.

A. Discuss in pairs for two minutes on any one of these natural disasters. You may use the following points.

• Causes
• Damages
• Precautions

Floods:
Floods are an overabundance of water in an otherwise dry area. A flood can be caused by large quantities of water gushing from a water body, such as ocean, rivers, lakes or ponds, which can swell due to heavy rainfall or mountain snowmelt. If the rivers and lakes receive too much rain then the water will not be confined within their banks. It will flow into the drylands, causing huge destruction.

Flash floods are short-term, intense and quickly-developing floods. Sudden thunderstorms create temporary puddles of water everywhere and cause small rivers and lakes to swell. In coastal areas, cyclones often cause upheavals in the water level. This creates a giant wall of water heading toward land. Depending on the size of the tide and how hard it hits land, it can often be a dangerous phenomenon, literally washing away buildings and structures along the coast.
In the flood prone areas, the following actions need to be taken:

1. Protect your home – elevate the electric appliances, install check valves in sewer traps, seal
   walls in basements to avoid seepage, store adequate food, candles and drinking water.
2. Listen to radio/TV emergency alerts and instructions.
3. Seek higher grounds and be ready to evacuate if instructed.
4. Do not try to drive through a flooded road. If your vehicle stalls, abandon it and seek an alternate route.
5. After a flood, stay away from floodwater.
6. Be aware of areas where water has receded. Roads may have weakened or power lines may have fallen.
7. Do not drink tap water until hygiene standards are guaranteed by the health department.
8. Clean the home, especially kitchen with safe chemical cleansers.

B. Fill the word web with words related to natural disasters. One example is done for you.

Answer:

C. Imagine a situation where your house is surrounded by water and answer the following.

Old Man River Summary Question (i).
What health hazards caused when water stagnates around your place?
Answer:
Dangerous diseases, stench smell, mosquitoes breeding, etc.

Old Man River Book Back Answers Question (ii).
When there is a power shutdown for long hours during floods, what will you do?
Answer:
I will collect rainwater for drinking and other purposes and will try to finish the daily chores before dusk.

Old Man River Question And Answer Question (iii).
What precautions would you take if there is an announcement about flooding in your area?
Answer:
I will move to a safer place, on a higher altitude.

D. List out the Human activities which have an impact on nature. Complete the tabular column. One is done for you.

Answer:

Old Man River Intext Questions

E. Discuss with your partner and answer the following questions:

Old Man River Summary Pdf Question 1.
What were the girls doing in the living room?
Answer:
Amy and Rose were knitting. Betty was looking at a magazine.

Old Man River Summary In English Question 2.
Why was Mother not able to come home?
Answer:
Mother couldn’t get home from Mrs. Brant’s as the bridges between Mrs. Brant’s house and town are underwater.

The Old Man River Summary Question 3.
How did Jim want the girls to ‘get organised’?
Answer:
Jim asked the girls to be organized. He asked Betty to search and bring flashlight, candles, lamps and lanterns; Rose to fill the tubs and pails; Amy to check on food, blankets and coats. Jim also asked them to be ready with first-aid kit.

9th English Old Man River Question 4.
Which two important things did Jim want the girls to do to avoid getting scared?
Answer:
Jim instructed the girls not to show off to others how much each one was afraid of the situation and cause fear in others. Next to get all the things together like water, food, blankets, coats, lights and to climb into the attic and on to the roof.

Old Man River 9th Standard Question 5.
Where did Jim want the girls to climb up? How’ was it going to help them?
Answer:
Jim wanted the girls to climb up to the roof. It would help them as they could wave the flashlight and someone would see it and come for their rescue.

Narrate The Story Of The Old Man River Question 6.
Who went to get Sara? Where was she?
Answer:
Jim went to get Sara. Sara was on the playhouse porch.

F. Discuss with your partner and answer the following questions:

The Old Man River Question And Answer Question 1.
What were the important objects that the girls and Jim try to move to the attic? Why?
Answer:
Flashlight, candles, lamps, lanterns, food, blankets, coats, books and jewels were some of the articles that the girls and Jim tried to move to the attic. By night, they were expecting the water to enter into the house. To be safe until the rescue arrived, they planned to stay in the attic.

Narrate The Story Of “ The Old Man River’. Question 2.
Who came to rescue the children?
Answer:
Mr. Peters and Miss Marsh came to rescue the children.

Old Man River Question Answer Question 3.
What happened to Sara?
Answer:
Sara’s right leg just below the knee was hurt as she climbed down the ladder from the playhouse.

Old Man River Essay In English Question 4.
Who is Miss Marsh? How does she help Sara?
Answer:
Miss Marsh is the Red Cross Nurse. She understands that Sara has broken her right leg just below the knee. She splints it up with pillows and umbrella and lifts her safely into the boat. She also decides to take her to the emergency Red Cross hospital in Armoury.

Question 5.
Who were taken in the boat? Who were left behind?
Answer:
Left behind in the house are Amy and Jim. Others were in the boat – Betty, Sara, Rose, along with Mr. Peter and Miss Marsh.

Question 6.
How does Red Cross help the children?
Answer:
Red Cross helps the children by rescuing them from the flooded area and by saving their lives. ‘

Old Man River Textual Questions

A. Based on your understanding of the play, choose the correct answer and fill in the blanks.

1. The radio announced that …………….. .
(i) the river was above the flood stage.
(ii) the Bumet Dam had given way.
(iii) there will be a cloud burst.
(iv) they will be a cyclone.
Answer:
(i) the river was above the flood stage.

2. Mother couldn’t get home from Mrs. Brant’s because ……………… .
(i) it was raining heavily.
(ii) the bridges between home and the town were under water.
(iii) there was an emergency at Mrs. Brant’s house.
(iv) she had broken her leg.
Answer:
(ii) the bridges between home and the town were under water.

3. The Burnett Dam gave away as ……………….. .
(i) it rained for days.
(ii) the dam was weak.
(iii) it rained heavily and the snow was melting.
(iv) the maintenance was poor.
Answer:
(iii) it rained heavily and the snow was melting.

4. There was no power because ………………. .
(i) the power house was out of commission.
(ii) the power house was flooded.
(iii) the dam gave away.
(iv) there was fire.
Answer:
(ii) the power house was flooded.

5. Why did they splint up Sara’s leg with pillows?
(i) She was unconscious out of fear.
(ii) She had broken her leg below the knee.
(iii) She was too lazy to walk.
(iv) She was making a fuss.
Answer:
(ii) She had broken her leg below the knee.

B. Based on your reading, answer the following in two or three sentences each.

Question 1.
Why did Jim run from school?
Answer:
As the river was rising fast, Jim had to run every step of the way from school. The Burnett Dam gave way an hour ago and its condition was very bad.

Question 2.
Where was Amy’s mother?
Answer:
Amy’s mother took Dick to the dentist and was going to stop at Mrs. Brant’s for a recipe before reaching home.

Question 3.
Why did Amy ask Betty to fill in the water tubs?
Answer:
Amy asked Betty to fill the bowls, tubs, pails and pitchers with fresh water because town supply might be cut of or could become unsafe to drink.

Question 4.
According to Jim what are the two things that a person should remember in times of emergency?
Answer:
First thing, we must not let the others see how scared we are. Next to get all the things together in one place like water, food, blankets, coats, light, etc.

Question 5.
Why is Jim climbing on the roof?
Answer:
Jim wanted to be on top of the roof thinking that he would signal for help from the roof. Coast Guard would send a boat to rescue them.

Question 6.
Who were there in the living room? What were they doing?
Answer:
Amy, Betty and Rose were sitting in the living room. Amy and Rose were knitting while Betty was looking at pictures in a magazine.

Question 7.
Why were they going to sleep in the attic?
Answer:
To save themselves from getting floated along with the rising water, they decided to climb into attic and on to the roof because they were living in a bungalow instead of a two- storey house.

Question 8.
Who came in the boat?
Answer:
Tom Peter and Miss Marsh came in the rescue boat. (Tom Peter is member of the Red Cross Disaster Committee and Penny Marsh is the Red Cross nurse.)

Question 9.
Who is the founder of Junior Red Cross?
Answer:
Jean Henry Dunant

C. Match the following by ‘drawing a line across column A and B.

Answers:
1. (e), 2. (c), 3. (h), 4. (g), 5. (i), 6. (d), 7. (j), 8. (f), 9. (b), 10. (a).

D. Based on your understanding of the text, answer the following in about three to four sentences each:

1. Describe the ‘home alone’ experience of the children.
Answer:
Amy Marshall and Betty Marshall were left alone in the home and due to cyclone, the water level was rising around their house. They were lucky enough to have their friends cum neighbour Rose field. Sara Field and Jim Hall in their house to fight against the disastrous moment. Amy’s mother had taken Dick to dentist and on her way back she was supposed to meet Mrs. Brant for a recipe. Amy’s father was in Chicago on some business matters.

2. Elaborate the rescue operation undertaken by Mr. Peter.
Answer:
Tom Peters and Miss. Marsh, member of the Red Cross Disaster Committee and Red Cross nurse respectively, were on a boat calling out for Mr. Marshall’s family to know whether they were safe. Jim responded and guided the rescue team to know where they were. Mr. Peter’s was shocked to know’ that there were children and no adults inside the house. When they were climbing down the ladder Sara fell and got hurt. She was wrapped in blanket. Mr. Peter suggested that more than pain it is the fear that is not making them function well and asked them to be composed. Sara has broken her right leg just below the knee. They splint it up with pillows and umbrella to lift her safely into the boat. They took her to the emergency Red Cross hospital in the Armoury.

3. How did Jim prove himself as a good rescuer in the flood situation?
Answer:
Jim Hall a neighbour, came to the rescue of all three girls luckily during the crisis time. Mr. Marshall and Mrs. Marshall were away due to valid reasons – one on business at Chicago and the other on a visit to the dentist along with Dick. Jim Hall acted very wisely by giving all the three girls directions to collect flashlight, fill water, candles and first-aid kit. Jim advised them to climb into the attic and on to the roof, because the house they were staying was a bungalow and not a two-storey house. It was dangerous as water might have entered the house anytime.

4. Briefly narrate the happenings of the play in Scene II.

(a) How did Amy manage the situation at home?
Answer:
Amy, Rose and Betty had three candles on the table. Sara was asleep covered with the blanket in a big chair. Betty was trying to read with the help of candle-light. Amy would suggest them to sleep.

(b) How did the Marshall save the children?
Answer:
Mr. Peters was carrying Sara and gave her confidence by stating that she was more frightened then hurt. Miss Marsh splint right leg of Sara up with pillows and umbrella just below the knee to lift her safely into the boat. Then they took her to the emergency Red Cross hospital in the Armoury.

Think and answer:
You are one of the survivors of an earthquake that has effected your city a lot. Share the trauma you underwent and what helped you to sail through it. Give a talk for two minutes.

E. Using a dictionary, find out the synonyms and the antonyms of the words given below. One has been done for you.

Answer:

Listening:

F. Listen to the paragraph and fill in the blanks.

The 2015 South Indian floods resulted from heavy rainfall generated by the annual north east monsoon in November- December 2015. They affected the Coromandel Coast region of the South Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, and the union territory of Puducherry, with Tamil Nadu and the city of Chennai particularly hard- hit. More than 500 people were killed and over 18 lakh people were displaced. With estimates of damages and losses ranging from nearly 200 billion rupees to over 1 trillion rupees, the floods were the costliest to have occurred in 2015, and were among the costliest natural , disasters of the year. The flooding has been attributed to the2014-16 El-Nino event.
(For listening to the script refer to our website www.fullcircleeducation. in)

The (1) ……………… South Indian floods resulted from heavy rainfall generated by the
annual north east monsoon in (2) ……………… 2015. They affected the (3) …………….. region of the South Indian states of (4) …………….., and the Union Territory of (5) ……………….., with Tamil Nadu and the city of (6) ………………. particularly hard-hit. More than (7) ………………. people were killed and over 18 lakh people were (8) ………………….With estimates of damages and losses ranging from nearly 200 billion rupees to over 1 trillion rupees, the (9) ………………… were the costliest to have occurred in 2015, and were among the costliest natural disasters of the year. The flooding has been attributed to the 2014-16 (10) ………………. .
Answers

1. 2015
2. November
3. Coromandel Coast
4. Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
5. Puducherry
6. Chennai
7. 500
8. displaced
9. floods
10. El-Nino event

Writing:

G. As a local government official working in the flood affected area you are talking to an old lady who has lost her belongings. Write a dialogue between you and the old woman. Complete the conversation.

You : Good morning Madam.
Old lady : Good morning.
You : I am from the Fire and Rescue department. How can I help you?
Old lady : (i) ……………………………………………..
You : (ii) ………………………………………………
Old lady : (iii) ………………………………………….
You : (iv) …………………………………………………
Old lady : (v) ……………………………………………
You : (vi) ………………………………………………..
Old lady : (vii) ……………………………………..
You : (viii) …………………………………………..
Old lady : (ix) …………………………………………
Answers:
(i) I have left a very important casket in my closet, can you please bring if for me?
(ii) The water level is rising. It would be really life threating to go to that place.
(iii) Yeah, I do understand that. To me, yes it is impossible, can you try for my sake please.
(iv) One person cannot do that, we may have to work as a team.
(v) Then do so please. I can’t live without that casket.
(vi) Madam please understand the human power/resource must/can be used to rescue mankind. Amma, life is more important than casket.
(vii) Yes, I don’t deny that. Can you please take that after you finish this work or when you go to my house or nearby places.
(viii) OK amma, I shall surely try. Take rest. Health is more important for us.
(ix) Thank you child; May God bless you!! Please try for my sake.

Creative Writing:

H. Write a letter to your friend about your experiences during the recent ‘Gaja’ cyclone.

29 May 2018
xxxx

Dear Malathi,
Hope this letter finds you in the best of health and spirits. Here, I am fine. But recently I have had the worst experience of my wife which I want to share with you. You must have heard about the cyclone ‘Gaja’ that devastated parts of Sri Lanka and India. It was the most intense tropical cyclone in the Arabian Sea since Cyclone Megh in 2015. It started as an area of low pressure in the eastern Andaman Sea on November 21 and within a few days grew into a deep depression. Ockhi intensified into a Cyclonic Storm on November 30 and caused huge damage to property and life in my city. Hundreds of people died and so many were injured. Thousands of trees were uprooted. We had no power supply for a couple of days. Food, drinking water and medicines were out of reach. Even after the cyclone subsided our area was cut off from

Writing:

G. As a local government official working in the flood affected area you are talking to an old lady who has lost her belongings. Write a dialogue between you and the old woman. Complete the conversation.

You : Good morning Madam.
Old lady : Good morning.
You : I am from the Fire and Rescue department. How can I help you?
Old lady : (i) …………………………………………….
You : (ii) ……………………………………………………
Old lady : (iii) ……………………………………………
You : (iv) …………………………………………………..
Old lady : (v) …………………………………………….
You : (vi) …………………………………………………..
Old lady : (vii) …………………………………………..
You : (viii) ………………………………………………..
Old lady : (ix) …………………………………………..
Answers:
(i) I have left a very important casket in my closet, can you please bring if for me?
(ii) The water level is rising. It would be really life threating to go to that place.
(iii) Yeah, I do understand that. To me, yes it is impossible, can you try for my sake please.
(iv) One person cannot do that, we may have to work as a team.
(v) Then do so please. I can’t live without that casket.
(vi) Madam please understand the human power/resource must/can be used to rescue mankind. Amma, life is more important than casket.
(vii) Yes, I don’t deny that. Can you please take that after you finish this work or when you go to my house or nearby places.
(viii) OK amma, I shall surely try. Take rest. Health is more important for us.
(ix) Thank you child; May God bless you!! Please try for my sake.

Creative Writing

H. Write a letter to your friend about your experiences during the recent ‘Gaja’ cyclone.

29 May 2018
xxxx

Dear Malathi,
Hope this letter finds you in the best of health and spirits. Here, 1 am fine. But recently I have had the worst experience of my wife which I want to share with you. You must have heard about the cyclone ‘Gaja’ that devastated parts of Sri Lanka and India. It was the most intense tropical cyclone in the Arabian Sea since Cyclone Megh in 2015. It started as an area of low pressure in the eastern Andaman Sea on November 21 and within a few days grew into a deep depression. Ockhi intensified into a Cyclonic Storm on November 30 and caused huge damage to property and life in my city. Hundreds of people died and so many were injured. Thousands of trees were uprooted. We had no power supply for a couple of days. Food, drinking water and medicines were out of reach. Even after the cyclone subsided our area was cut off from the main market due to blocked roads. It was a terrible experience for me. I wish not to have any such experience again. Life has started to get norma!now. I feel better after writing to you regarding this. Awaiting eagerly to listen from you.

Yours friendly,
Shivani

Address on the envelope:

I. Make a poster of any natural disaster, giving details about the devastations caused.

The recent dust storm that swept through India was one of its deadliest. The scale and intensity of this storm stretched from the western state of Rajasthan to the eastern state of Uttar Pradesh and hit Delhi, which lies between them. The dust storm caused more than 100 reported fatalities. Most of the fatalities occurred when intense wind knocked over large structures, killing or injuring those in its way.
J. You are a volunteer in your locality to serve people who are affected by floods. How will you caution them to move to a safer place taking only their bare necessities? Describe.
If I am a volunteer serving people affected by floods, I will first ask them to remain calm and have patience. Then, in a gentle voice I will give them the following instructions:

• Be prepared! We may need to move to a safer place as the floods are getting worse.
• Pack a bag with only your important items.
• Take a few clothes, a pair of bedsheets and a blanket.
• Keep your official documents, like degrees, license, PAN card, etc.
• Pack some eatables that can last long.
• Take some medicines.
• Turn off utilities at the main switches or valves.
• Disconnect all electrical appliances.
• If you have to walk in water, wherever possible, walk where the water is not moving.
• Take a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you.
• While moving out, please be together with your family and take care of each other.
• Do not panic. It is going to be alright soon. We will return home when authorities indicate it is safe.

Think and Do

K. Given below are some qualities that the characters in the play displayed during the floods for survival. Identify and write the character with the qualities.

Answers:

Read the following passage about mountaineering.

Scaling Heights

1. Mountains have a great fascination for men and people. Mountain climbing, however, is not without risks. Is is a challenge to the unconquerable spirit of man and his love of adventure. That is is a dangerous sport cannot be denied. As one climbs higher and higher, breathing becomes more and more difficult. Some climbers, therefore, carry a heavy apparatus from which they inhale oxygen.

2. Mountain climbing is dangerous in the extreme. There are snow storms and bizzards. It is difficult to walk through the snow. It is still more difficult to climb on ice because it is difficult to keep foothold and cut steps with axes in order to make progress. The cold is so severe that the climber’s skin, feet, toes, fingers and tissues freeze, become numb and they may suffer frostbite. The most serious difficult is the climber at a high altitude gets exhausted with a little effort.

3. Mountain climbling requires proper training, skill and knowledge. The climbers must be well- equipped. They must be in good physical condition and should possess courage, perseverance and power of endurance. They should carry with them maps, compasses and other equipment so that they are able to find out where they are in the absence of any tracks. They must travel through dense woods as they approach a mountain and then climb steep rocks. Near the summit of a peak, the climbers have to move over snow fields and glaciers. In dangerous areas they use ropes to tie themselves in groups.

4. The climbers carry with them packs loaded with first-aid supplies, food and extra clothing for sudden changes of weather. They display spirit of sportsmanship and fellow-feeling and face the severe risks of life undaunted. Mountain climbing is a common sport in Europe. There are mountaineering clubs where training in mountaineering is imparted.

5. There are high peaks in India and there have been successful expeditions to scale these highest peaks. After the conquest of the Everest by Tensing and Hillary in 1953, the Mountaineering Institute ar Darjeeling was established to develop interest in mountain- climbling among the Indians. Expeditions have been sent to climb the highest peaks in the country.

6. Mountain climbing is a thrilling adventure. It brings into play the heroic qualities of humankind. Mountaineers deserve all praise for their courage and heroism. In recent years. Mt. Everest has been scaled several times by foreign climbers. India too has organized several expeditions to Everest. Lately an Indian Sherpa scaled the Everest without the use of oxygen. Mrs. Bachchendri pal also succeeded in scaling the Everest. She is the first Indian woman to do it.

L. Based on your reading answer the following questions in a sentence or two.

1. Is mountaineering a dangerous sport? Why? (para 1)
2. What is frostbite? (para 2) .
3. What are the qualities of a good climber? (para 3)
4. What do climbers carry with them? (para 4)
5. Where is the Mountaineering Institute situated in India? (para 5)
6. What qualities of humankind are brought out by this adventurous sport? (para 6)
7. Why do mountaineers deserve praise? (para 6)
8. What kind of visitors does Mt. Everest get (para 6)

Grammar:

A. Identify the dependent clauses or phrases in the following sentences and underline them.

1. Texting on his phone, the man swerved into a ditch.
2. It isn’t necessary to cram all night if you have studied a little each day.
3. We climbed up the hill to enjoy the view.
4. I enjoy painting during my holidays.
5. Whether he attends the party or not, I have decided to go.
6. I will stop playing the drums when you go to sleep.

Answers:

1. Texting on his phone
2. if you have studied a little each day
3. to enjoy the view
4. during my holidays
5. when you go to sleep

B. Complete the following sentences using appropriate prepositional phrases.

1. I would like to order coffee …………….. tea.
(a) instead of
(b) instead from
(c) instead to
Answer:
(a) instead of

2. …………….. the rains, we went out.
(a) In spite of
(b) In spite
(c) In spite on
Answer:
(a) In spite of

3 fire, break the glass to escape.
(a) In case of
(b) In case
(c) In case with
Answer:
(a) In case of

4. I am standing here my friends.
(a) In behalf of
(b) on behalf of
(c) on behalf
Answer:
(b) on behalf of

5. We solved the problem a new device developed by our engineers.
(a) by means of
(b) by means
(c) by means to
Answer:
(a) by means of

6 we are impressed with their performance.
(a) In general
(b) On general
(c) In generally
Answer:
(a) In general

C. Look at the action words in bold. Identify whether they are either finite or non-finite verb.

Answers:

1. non finite
2. finite
3. finite
4. finite
5. finite
6. finite

D. Read the following pairs of sentences:

1. Travelling might satisfy your desire for new experiences.
The study abroad program might satisfy your desire for new experiences.
Identify the subject in the first sentence …………………..
Answer:
Travelling

2. They do not appreciate my singing.
They do not appreciate my assistance.
Identify the direct object in the first sentence ………………..
Answer:
my singing

3. My cat’s favourite activity is sleeping.
My cat’s favourite food is salmon.
Identify the subject complement in the first sentence …………………
Answer:
sleeping

4. The police arrested him for speeding.
The police arrested him for criminal activity.
Identify the object of the preposition in the first sentence ……………..
Answer:
speeding

E. You may role-play the conversation.

Teacher:This is Mr. Gerund, you may have seen him after these verbs ‘enjoy’, ‘finish’, ‘keep’, ‘mind’, ‘suggest’, forgive, ‘excuse’, ‘postpone’, ‘go’
Gerund: I come after a preposition too.
Teacher: Mr. Gerund comes in handy to describe a real action.
Infinittive: Hello friends, I am Infinitive. Words such as ‘like’, ‘refuse’ are followed by me.
Dinesh: I know you. I take your help to describe a general or future action.
(I think I need to get up early tomorrow to complete my grammer exercise.)
Divya: you have helped me to express ‘reason’, ‘intention’, ‘purpose’.
(I wish to finish my assigment by to night.)
Gerund: Do you know, after verbs like ‘begin’, ‘love’, ‘continue’, ‘try’, Team’, ‘start’, ‘neglect’ you can use either of us?
Infinitive: But remember we mean different things when used after ‘stop’.
Dinesh: Divya, when we saw Rajesh at the mall, I stopped to talk to him. why didn’t you wait?
Divya: Don’t you know I stopped talking to him?
Gemnd: I am also used after these phrases- ‘It’s no use’, ‘It’s no good’
Dinesh and divya: Thank you, mam. bye Mr. Gemnd and Ms. Infinitive.

F. Now, work in pairs and help Dinesh and Divya complete the exercise given below.

Write the gerund / infinitive form of the verbs in the blanks.

1. The astronauts managed ……………… (complete) their training in record time.
2. They learned how ……………….. (survive) in space without gravity.
3. The best astronaut almost quit …………….. (try) to leam the complex information.
4. Their mission appeared ……………….. (be) in jeopardy.
5. Then Marina encouraged him by saying, “It’s no good ………………….(quit) the project right at the end.”
6. Being an astronaut will enable you …………….. (achieve) great success in life.
7. If you give up ………………….. (study) now, our mission will be scrubbed.
8. Think of your fellow astronauts who wouldn’t hesitate …………….. (help) youin time of treble.
9. We astronauts must keep on ………………. (prepare) for our space launch.
10. some say it’s no use …………………… (travel) to distant planets, because it takes too long.
11. But we really want ………………….. (visit) other planets and find out if life exists on them.
12. Can you imagine ………………. (walk) up to a Martian and shaking hands and ………………… (say), “Hello, how are you?”
13. We really look forward ………………….. (meet) alien creatures and ………………… (find) out what they are really like.
14. Many scientists have warned us not ……………… (take) this dangerous journey, but we are not discouraged.
15. Travelling to far away planets involves …………………… (risk) our lives for the thrill of discovery.
16. However we won’t delay blast off into space.
17. Would you like ………………… (accompany) us on our journey if you could?
18. During our training we have got used to ……………….. (be) weightless and ……………………. (live) under difficult conditions.
19. Scientists admit to ……………………… (be) intensely curious about life on other planets.
20. I’m sure they would also enjoy ……………….. (travel) with our crew.
21. We told them …………………… (come) with us on our trip, but some of them think it is a waste of time ……………… (search) for life that doesn’t exist.
22. We have been taught how ……………… (endure) hardships during our training and now we can’t afford ………………….(waste) money. We’re on our way!

Answers:

1. to complete
2. to survive
3. trying
4. to be
5. quitting
6. to achieve
7. studying
8. to help
9. preparing
10. travelling
11. to visit
12. walking, saying
13. to meet, finding
14. to take
15. risking
16. blasting
17. to accompany
18. being, living
19. being
20. travelling
21. to come, searching
22. to endure, to waste

Old Man River Summary:

In this drama, the author pictures life in times of crisis. Its purpose is to highlight the central idea of security. Though in fear and confusion, the characters deal bravely with flood. The scene opens on a late afternoon in March. A group of children find themselves alone at home during heavy rains. The bridges seem to be under water. Amy gets a call from her mother that she wouldn’t be able to return home since the routes are flooded. Amy’s father is in Chicago. Amy’s friend Rose is asked to stay back for the night. The children soon realise that the river is swelling.

They advise each other to be calm and brave. They arrange food, water, flashlights and other necessary things. Each one of them takes responsibility for cooking, safety, etc. Amy tries to save her parents’ valuable articles. In the night, a rescue boat arrives. Rose’s sister Sara gets hurt by chance. The rescue team takes Sara to the emergency Red Cross Hospital. The play focuses on the importance of acting during a crisis and first-aid awareness. We can take a lesson from the children how they help one another and stay calm till help arrives.

Old Man River Glossary:

cloudburst – a sudden violent rainstorm.
gasp – catch one’s breath with an open mouth, owing to pain or astonishment.
hark – listen, pay attention.
lantern – a lamp with a transparent case protecting the flame or electric bulb, and typically having a handle by which it may be carried or hung.
pickaback – a piggyback ride, on the back and shoulders of another person.
pitcher – a large jug.
shudder – shiver typically as a result of fear or revulsion.
splint – a long flat object used as a support for a broken bone so that the bone stays in a particular position while it heals.
stamping – bring down (one’s foot) heavily on the ground.
thumping – hitting or striking heavily, especially with fist or a blunt instrument.
wink – close and open one eye quickly, shine or flash intermittently.

You can Download The River Poem Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf Poem Chapter 5 help you to revise complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Poem Chapter 5 The River

The River Poem Questions and Answers

The River Warm Up:

The River Poem Questions And Answers Question 1.
Have you ever been to a river?
Answer:
Yes, I have been to a river.

The River Poem Summary Question 2.
Describe the beauty of the river you have seen?
Answer:
The river I have seen is shallow and the water is clear. It is a natural stream of water meandering. It looks beautiful.

The River Poem 9th Class Question 3.
Do you think rivers have life like human beings?
Answer:
Yes, I think rivers have life like human beings.

The River 9th Class Poem Questions and Answers

B. Read the following lines and answer the River Poem 9th Standard questions given below.

1. O’re the yellow pebbles dancing,
Through the flowers and foliage glancing.

The River 9th Class Poem Questions And Answers Question (а).
How does the river flow?
Answer:
The river flows over the yellow pebbles dancing through the flowers and leaves in a playful manner.

The River Poem Question (b).
What is meant by ‘foliage’?
Answer:
Foliage is a cluster of leaves, flowers and branches.

Additional:

The River Poem Figure Of Speech Question (a).
What is a pebble?
Answer:
A Pebble is usually a small rounded stone found in water bodies like river.

River Poem By Caroline Ann Bowles Question (b).
What is the poetic device employed in the first line.
Answer:
Imagery is the poetic device employed in the first line.

9th Class The River Poem Summary Question (c).
What is the poetic device employed in the second line.
Answer:
Alliteration is the poetic device employed in the second line.

The River Poem Summary By Caroline Ann Bowles Question (d).
Give the rhyming word for ‘dancing’.
Answer:
The rhyming word for ‘dancing’ is glancing.

A River Poem Questions And Answers Question (e).
Is the river like a child? Why?
Answer:
Yes the river is like a child. The river like a child is bright and sparkling on its way. It dances and plays behind flowers and leaves of trees like a child playing hide and seek.

2. River, river! Swelling river!
On you rush through rough and smooth;

9th English River Poem Question (a).
Why does the poet mention the river to be swelling?
Answer:
The poet mentions the river to be swelling because the river is like a reckless youth.

River Poem 9th Class Question (b).
What are the surfaces the river flows through?
Answer:
The surfaces the river flows through are the rough rocks and smooth places like rose banks where the roses grow.

Additional:

The River Poem Explanation Question (a).
What does the word ‘swelling’ indicate?
Answer:
The word ‘swelling’ indicates the ebb and flow of the river.

The River Poem By Caroline Ann Bowles Question (b).
Which word is the antonym for ‘rough’?
Answer:
The antonym for the word rough is smooth.

3. Over rocks, by rose-banks, sweeping Like impetuous youth.

9th English Poem The River Question (a).
Where does the rose grow?
Answer:
The rose grows by rose-banks

9th English The River Poem Question (b).
Which stage of man is compared here?
Answer:
The period of youth is compared here.

Additional:

The River Questions And Answers Question (a).
Where does it spend its y lounger days?
Answer:
It spends younger days through rocks and woods.

Question (b).
What is sweeping?
Answer:
The river is sweeping.

Question (c).
Identify the figure of speech.
Answer:
Simile is the figure of speech.

Question (d).
What is meant by ‘impetuous’?
Answer:
‘Impetuous’ means reckless or hasty.

Question (e).
Why is the river compared to an ‘impetuous youth’?
Answer:
The river is compared to an impetuous youth because of its reckless and hasty movements over rocks and rose-banks.

4. Broad and deep, and still as time;
Seeming still, yet still in motion,

Question (a).
What is broad and deep?
Answer:
The river is broad and deep.

Question (b).
Is the time still?
Answer:
No the time is not still, yet it seems to be still.

Additional:
(a) Which words describe the river?
Answer:
Broad, deep and still describe the river.

Question (b).
What is the figure of speech in the second line?
Answer:
The figure of speech is alliteration.

Question (c).
Explain ‘still in motion’.
Answer:
Though the river seems to be quiet and motionless, it is always in motion.

5. Tending onward to the ocean,
Just like mortal prime.

(a) Where is the river flowing to?
Answer:
The river is flowing to the ocean.

Question (b).
What does the poet mean by ‘ mortal Prime’?
Answer:
By the term ‘Mortal prime’, the poet means the man is in the best age of his life.

Additional:

Question (a).
Explain ‘Tending’.
Answer:
‘Tending’ here means inclining towards a habitual action.

Question (b).
What is the figure of speech employed here?
Answer:
The figure of speech is simile.

The River Poem 9th Class  Additional Questions

1. River, river, little river!
Bright you sparkle on your way;

Question (i).
What is a river?
Answer:
A river is a small little stream.

Question (ii).
Where is the river born?
Answer:
The river is born in the mountains.

Question (iii).
Why is it called ‘little river’?
Answer:
It is called a Tittle river’ because of its size.

Question (iv).
Give the example for epithet in the above lines.
Answer:
Tittle river’ is the example for epithet in the above lines.

2. Louder, faster, brawling, leaping,

Question (i).
What is meant by ‘brawling’?
Answer:
‘Brawling’ is a noisy quarrel.

Question (ii).
What is louder and faster?
Answer:
The river’s movement is louder and faster.

3. River, river! Headlong river!
Down you dash into the sea,

Question (i).
Why is the river said to be ‘headlong’?
Answer:
The river is said to be ‘headlong’ because of its reckless movement.

Question (ii).
Pick out the alliterated words.
Answer:
The alliterated words are ‘down’ and ‘dash’.

Question (iii).
Where does the headlong river rush to?
Answer:
The headlong river rush towards the sea.

4. Sea that line hath never sounded,
Sea that sail hath never rounded,
Like eternity.

Question (i).
What is the figure of speech in the above lines?
Answer:
Anaphora is the figure of speech in the above lines.

Question (ii).
Pick out the rhyming words.
Answer:
The rhyming words are sounded and rounded

Question (iii).
What is the figure of speech in the second line?
Answer:
The figure of speech is alliteration.

Question (iv).
Explain ‘hath never rounded’.
Answer:
No ship has completely gone around the sea to be compared to eternity.

Question (v).
What is meant by ‘hath’?
Answer:
‘hath’ is the old English word for ‘has’.

Question (vi).
What do the river and the sea remind the poet of?
Answer:
The river is like the transient human life. The sea reminds the poet of eternity.

Question (vii).
How does the sea remind you of eternity?
Answer:
Sea is endless and hence it cannot be measured. We do not know where it begins from and where it would end. Hence it reminds me of eternity.

Question (viii).
What happens to the river when it approaches the ocean?
Answer:
It seems wider and seems even slower when it approaches the ocean.

Question (iv).
When does a river grow and vanish?
Answer:
As it approaches to the ocean the river grows and then vanishes into the ocean.

C. Read the following lines and answer the questions.

1. Bright you sparkle on your way;
O’er the yellow pebbles dancing,
Through the flowers and foliage glancing,
Like a child at play.
Pick out the rhyming words.
Answer:
Dancing and glancing; way and play are the rhyming words.

2. Mention the rhyme scheme of the poem.
The rhyme scheme of the poem is a b c c b.
River, river, little river! a
Bright you sparkle on your way; b
O’er the yellow pebbles dancing, c
Through the flowers and foliage glancing, c
Like a child at play. b

River, river! swelling river! a
On you rush through rough and smooth; b
Louder, faster, brawling, leaping, c
Over rocks, by rose-banks, sweeping c
Like impetuous youth. b

River, river! Brimming river! a
Broad and deep, and still as time; b
Seeming still, yet still in motion, c
Tending onward to the ocean, c
Just like mortal prime. b

River, river! Headlong river! a
Down you dash into the sea, b
Sea that line hath never sounded, c
Sea that sail hath never rounded, c
Like eternity. b

3. Through the flowers and foliage glancing,
Like a child at play.
Mention the figure of speech used in the above lines. Give various other examples from the poem.
Alliteration is the figure of speech used in the above line.
Various other examples from the poem are:-

1. On you rush through rough and smooth
2. Over rocks, by rose-banks
3. Seeming still, yet still in motion
4. Tending onward to the ocean
5. Down you dash into the sea
6. Sea that line hath never sounded
7. Sea that sail hath never rounded

4. Seeming still, yet still in motion
(a) Pick out the words in alliteration from the above line.
Seeming still

(b) Identify other examples from the poem for alliteraion.
Other examples from the poem are:-

1. On you rush through rough and smooth
2. Over rocks, by rose-banks
3. Seeming still, yet still in motion
4. Tending onward to the ocean
5. Down you dash into the sea
6. Sea that line hath never sounded
7. Sea that sail hath never rounded

5. Pick out the examples for epithet from the poem.

Little river!
Swelling river!
Brimming river!
Headlong river!

6. Pick out the examples for imagery from the poem.

Yellow pebbles
dancing Brawling, leaping
dash into the sea

D. Answer the following in a paragraph of about 120-150 words.

1. How does the poet bring about the comparison of life with the river? Explain it with reference to the poem.
Answer:
‘The River’ is a poem describing the beauty of a river, in all its glory. Caroline Ann Bowles says that the river is a dynamic and vital symbol of nature. The poem has philosophical undertones also. The flow of the river shows the journey of life to eternity. The different stages of life are brought in through the imagery used in the poem. Initially the river is compared to the yellow pebbles dancing.

This indicates the childhood. The river then rushes through rough and smooth paths, brawling and leaping referring to the stage of a reckless youth. When the river ebbs and flows, appearing to be broad and deep, inclining towards the ocean, one can see the prime phase of a human being. The flow of the river shows the journey of life to eternity.

As the human life passes through childhood, youth, old age and eternity, likewise the river also undergoes changes in its course of action. The gentle, sparkling dancing river, faster, brawling, leaping river, its stillness and the merging with the sea towards the end of the poem, indicate the different stages of river like the stages of human life.

2. Describe how the poem clearly describes about the features, functions and destructive power of the river.
Answer:
The River is little. It is sprightly and it sparkles on its way. It dances over the yellow pebbles and plays hide and seek through the flowers and foliage. This poem describes the beauty of a river, in all its glory.

The river swells and rushes through rough and smooth paths. It moves with speed and fights and jumps over rocks and rose banks as they sweep across like the reckless youth. When the river brims, it appears broad and deep yet still as time. It seems to be still but it is always in motion. The final stage is the headlong river that dashes into the sea. Thus, the flow of the river shows the journey of life to eternity.

The different stages of life are brought in through the various imageries used in the poem. As the human life passes through childhood, youth, old age and eternity, likewise the river also undergoes changes in its own way. At first it is gentle, sparkling and dancing, moves faster, fights and leaps showing the destructive power of the river. However it gets subdued, becomes still and merges with the sea.

E. Based on your understanding of the poem, complete the summary of the poem by choosing the words/phrases given below.
prime phase, the yellow pebbles, motionless, stages of human life, sweeping, child, journey, reckless youth.

In the poem ‘The River’, the poet compares the flow of the river with different (1) ……………………… The first stanza explains how the sparkling river goes dancing over (2) …………………… and glancing through the flowers and leaves. These acts of the river is compared to a curious and innocent (3) …………………. at play. The second stanza compares the river to a (4) ……………………. who goes through rough and smooth patches of life. Like a youth, here the river becomes louder, faster and (5) ……………………. everything all along the way. In the third stanza, the river becomes like a hard working man who is at the (6) …………………… of the life. Here the deep and broad river seems (7) ………………… but it keeps moving towards the sea like a matured man who silently marches towards the goal. In the last stanza the long (8) ……………………. of the river reaches the endless sea like a human life attains eternity.
Answers:

1. stages of human life
2. the yellow pebbles
3. child
4. reckless youth
5. sweeping
6. prime phase
7. motionless
8. journey

The River by About Caroline Ann Bowles The Poet:

Caroline Ann Bowles (1786-1854), the British poet and writer was married to Robert Southey who was the poet laureate of Britain. She wrote various other works including Chapter On Churchyard and Tales Of The Factories. The River is a poem which describes a river in all its vitality and splendour.

The Little River Poem Summary By Caroline Ann Bowles

Oh! Little River – you sparkle bright as you move along your way. As you move on, you go dancing over the yellow pebbles. You glance through the flowers and leaves of trees, dancing throughout like a child who is at play.
Oh! river that ebbs and flows – you rush through rough and smooth pathways. You are louder, faster, clashing and hurdling. You go past rough rocks and banks where roses grow. This movement of yours is very similar to a hasty youth.
Oh! River, which is overflowing – you are broad and deep and silent as time. Though you seem motionless, you are inclining towards the ocean just like a man a man in the best age of his lifespan.
Oh! River, you are so reckless and you rush down into the sea. That sea’s depth has never been measured by a weighted line. None has gone by the ship completely around the sea to-be compared to eternity.

The River Glossary:

Textual:
eternity – life continuing without end after death foliage – a cluster of leaves, flowers and branches
glancing – touching or hitting something lightly from the side, without causing much damage
hath – in the past, the third person singular form of the word ‘have’
headlong – with the head first and the rest of the body following
impetuous – acting quickly and without thought or care
rose-banks – riverbanks where roses (flowers) appear along
swelling – becoming greater in intensity or volume
tending – going in a particular way

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 18 Organization of Tissues

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Organization of Tissues Textbook Exercises

I. Choose the correct answer.

Chapter 18 Organization Of Tissues Question 1.
The tissue composed of a living thin-walled polyhedral cell is …………………
(a) Parenchyma
(b) Collenchyma
(c) Sclerenchyma
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Parenchyma

Organisation Of Tissues Class 9 Question 2.
The fibers consists of ……………………
(a) Parenchyma
(b) Sclerenchyma
(c) Collenchyma
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Sclerenchyma

9th Science Organisation Of Tissues Question 3.
Companion cells are closely associated with ……………………..
(a) sieve elements
(b) vessel elements
(c) trichomes
(d) guard cells
Answer:
(a) sieve elements

Organisation Of Tissues Question 4.
Which of the following is a complex tissue?
(a) parenchyma
(b) collenchyma
(c) xylem
(d) Sclerenchyma
Answer:
(c) xylem

Organization Of Tissues Question 5.
Aerenchyma is found in ………………………
(a) epiphytes
(b) hydrophytes
(c) halophytes
(d) Xerophytes
Answer:
(b) hydrophytes

Organisation Of Tissues 9th Standard Question 6.
Smooth muscles occur in ……………………..
(a) uterus
(b) artery
(c) vein
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(a) uterus

Organisation Of Tissue Question 7.
Nerve cell does not contain ………………………
(a) axon
(b) nerve endings
(c) tendons
(d) dendrites
Answer:
(c) Tendons

II. Match the Following:

S. No.	Column A	S. No.	Column B
1.	Sclereids	a	Chlorenchyma
2.	Chloroplast	b	Sclerenchyma
3.	Simple tissue	c	Collenchyma
4.	Companion cell	d	Xylem
5.	Tracheids	e	Phloem

Answer:

1. b. Sclerenchyma
2. a. Chlorenchyma
3. c. Collenchyma
4. e. Phloem
5. d. Xylem

III. Fill in the blanks.

1. …………… tissues provides mechanical support to organs.
2. Parenchyma, collenchyma, Sclerenchyma are …………….. type of tissue.
3. ……….. and …………. are complex tissues.
4. Epithelial cells with cilia are found in …………….. of our body.
5. Lining of small intestine is made up of ………………

Answer:

1. Permanent
2. simple
3. xylem, phloem
4. trachea of wind-pipe
5. columnar epithelium

IV. State whether True or false. If false, write the correct statement

1. Epithelial tissue is protective tissue in animal body – True
2. Bone and cartilage are two types of areolar connective tissue – False
   Correct statement: Bone and cartilage are two types of supportive connective tissue.
3. Parenchyma is a simple tissue – True
4. Phloem is made up of Tracheids – False
   Correct Statement: Phloem is a complex tissue and constitutes: Sieve elements, Companion cells,
5. Companion cells and Phloem parenchyma.
6. Vessels are found in collenchyma – False
   Correct Statement: Vessels are found in xylem.

V. Answer briefly:

Tissues Class 9 Pdf Question 1.
What are intercalary meristems? How do they differ from other meristems?
Answer:
Intercalary meristem lies between the region of permanent tissues and is part of primary meristem which is detached due to formation of intermittent permanent tissues. It is found either at the base of leaf e.g. Pinus or at the base of intemodes e.g. grasses.

Transverse Tubules Question 2.
What is complex tissue? Name the various kinds of complex tissues.
Answer:
Complex tissues are made of more than one type of cells that work together as a unit. Complex tissues consist of parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells. Common examples are xylem and phloem.

Phloem Definition Biology Question 3.
Mention the most abundant muscular tissue found in our body. State its function.
Answer:
Connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue. It provides structural framework and gives support to different tissues forming organs.

Question 4.
What is skeletal connective tissue? How is it helpful in the functioning of our body?
Answer:
The supporting or skeletal connective tissues form the endoskeleton of the vertebrate body. They support the body, protect various organs and help in locomotion. This system is composed of connective tissues including bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.

Question 5.
Why should gametes be produced by meiosis during sexual reproduction?
Answer:
Meiosis is important as it produces gametes i.e., male or female germ cells. During meiosis a germ cell or gamete divides to make four new sex cells. As a result of fertilization two gamates join together to form an egg or zygote. Therefore only if gametes are produced, fertilization can take place

Question 6.
In which stage of mitosis the chromosomes align in an equatorial plate? How?+
Answer:
The chromosomes align in an equatorial plate during metaphase stage of mitosis. Each chromosome gets attached to a spindle fibre by its centromere which is known as the chromosomal fibre. During metaphase the sister chromatids are pulled back and forth until they align along the equator of the cell called equatorial plane.

VI. Answer in detail.

Question 1.
What are the permanent tissues? Describe the different types of simple permanent tissue.
Answer:
Permanent tissues are those in which, growth has stopped either completely or for the time being. At times, they become meristematic partially or wholly. Permanent tissues are of two types namely

1. simple tissue and
2. complex tissue.

Simple Tissues:
Simple tissue are homogeneous-composed of structurally and functionally similar cells eg., Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma.
(i) Parenchyma

Parenchyma are simple permanent tissue composed of living cells. Parenchyma cells are thin-walled, oval, rounded or polygonal in shape with well-developed spaces among them. In aquatic plants. Parenchyma possesses intercellular air spaces and is named as Aerenchyma. When exposed to light, parenchyma cells may develop chloroplasts and are known as Chlorenchyma.
Functions: Parenchyma may store water in many succulent and xerophytic plants. It also serves the functions of storage of food reserves, absorption, buoyancy, secretion etc.

(ii) Collenchyma

Collenchyma is a living tissue found beneath the epidermis.
Cells are elongated with unevenly thickened non-lignified walls.
Cells have rectangular oblique or tapering ends and persistent protoplasts. They possess thick primary non-lignified walls.
Functions: They provide mechanical support for growing organs.

(iii) Sclerenchyma

Sclerenchyma consists of thick-walled cells which are often lignified. Sclerenchyma cells do not possess living protoplasts at maturity.
Sclerenchyma cells are grouped into

1. fibres and
2. Sclereids.

• Fibres are elongated sclerenchymatous cells, usually with pointed ends. Their walls are lignified. Fibres are abundantly found in many plants. The average length of fibres is 1 to 3 mm, however in plants like Linum usitatissimum (flax), Cannabis sativa (hemp) and Corchorus capsularis (jute), fibres are extensively longer ranging from 20 mm to 550 mm.
• Sclereids are widely distributed in plant body. They are usually broad, may occur in single or in groups. Sclereids are isodiametric, with liginified walls. Pits are prominent and seen along the walls. Lumen is filled with wall materials. Sclereids are also common in fruits and seeds.

Question 2.
Write about the elements of Xylem.
Answer:
Xylem is a conducting tissue which conducts water, mineral nutrients upward from root to leaves. Xylem is also meant for mechanical support to the plant body. Xylem is composed of different kinds of elements. They are

1. xylem tracheids
2. xylem fibres
3. xylem vessels and
4. xylem parenchyma.

(i) Xylem tracheids: They are elongated or tube-like dead cells with hard, thick and lignified walls. Their ends are tapering, blunt or chisel-like. These cells are devoid of protoplast. They have large lumen without any content. Their function is conduction of water and providing mechanical support to the plant.

(ii) Xylem fibers: These cells are elongated, lignified and pointed at both the ends. Xylem fibres help in conduction of water and nutrients from root to the leaf and also provide mechanical support to the plant.

(iii) Xylem vessels: They are long cylindrical, tube like structures with lignified walls and wide central lumen. These cells are dead as these do not have protoplast. They are arranged in longitudinal series in which the partitioned walls (transverse walls) are perforated, and so the entire structure looks-like a water pipe. Their main function is transport of water and minerals from root to leaf, and also to provide mechanical strength.

(iv) Xylem parenchyma: Its cells are living and thin walled. The main function of xylem parenchyma is to store starch and fatty substances.

Question 3.
List out the differences between mitosis and meiosis.
Answer:

Mitosis	Meiosis
Occurs in somatic cells	Occurs in reproductive cells
Involved in growth and occurs continuously throughout life	Involved in gamete formation only during the reproductively active age
Consists of a single division	Consists of two divisions
Two diploid daughter cells are formed	Four haploid daughter cells are formed
The chromosome number in the daughter cell is similar to the parent cell (2n)	The chromosome number in the daughter cell is just half (n) of the parent cell
Identical daughter cells are formed	Daughter cells are not similar to the parent cell and are randomly assorted

VII. Higher Order Thinking Skills.

Question 1.
What is the consequence that occur if all blood platelets are removed from the blood?
Answer:
If platelets are absent, this important defense reaction cannot occur, and protracted bleeding from small wounds (prolonged bleeding time) results.

Question 2.
Which are not true cells in the blood? Why?
Answer:
Platelets are actually not true cells but merely circulating fragments of cells. But even though platelets are merely cell fragments, they contain many structures that are critical to stop bleeding. They contain proteins on their surface that allow then! to stick to breaks in the blood vessel wall and also to stick to each other. They contain granules that can secrete other proteins required for creating a firm plug to seal blood vessel breaks.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Organization of Tissues Additional Questions

I. Short answers questions.

Question 1.
Name the elements present in phloem.
Answer:
Phloem like xylem is a complex tissue and consists of the following elements.

1. Sieve elements
2. Companion cells.
3. Phloem fibres
4. Phloem parenchyma

Question 2.
What is histology?
Answer:
The study of tissues is known as histology.

Question 3.
Describe amitosis.
Answer:
It is the simplest mode of cell division and occurs in unicellular animals, aging cells and in foetal membranes. During amitosis, nucleus elongates first, and a constriction appears in it which deepens and divides the nucleus into two, followed by this cytoplasm divides resulting in the formation of two daughter cells.

Question 4.
Give reasons why the meristematic cells have a large nucleus and dense cytoplasm.
Answer:
Meristematic cells are continuously dividing cells so they have a prominent nucleus and dense cytoplasm. But since these cells do not store food or waste material, they lack vacuole.

II. Long answers questions.

Question 1.
Give notes on:

1. squamous epithelium,
2. cuboidal epithelium,
3. columnar epithelium,
4. ciliated epithelium and
5. glandular epithelium.

Answer:

1. Squamous Epithelium is made up of thin, flat cells with prominent nuclei. It forms delicate lining of the buccal cavity, alveoli of lungs, proximal tubule of kidneys, blood vessels and covering of the skin and tongue. It protects the body from mechanical injury, drying and invasion of germs. It also helps in filtration by forming a selectively permeable membrane surface.
2. Cuboidal Epithelium is composed of single layer of cubical cells. The nucleus is round and lies in the centre. This tissue is present in the thyroid vesicles, salivary glands, sweat glands and exocrine pancreas. It is also found in the intestine and tubular part of the nephron (kidney tubules) as microvilli that increase the absorptive surface area. Their main function is secretion and absorption.
3. Columnar Epithelium is composed of a single layer of slender, elongated and pillar like cells. Their nuclei are located at the base. It is found lining the stomach, gall bladder, bile duct, small intestine, colon, oviducts and also forms the mucous membrane. They are mainly involved in secretion and absorption.
4. Ciliated Epithelium Certain columnar cells bear numerous delicate hair-like outgrowths called cilia and are called ciliated epithelium. Their function is to move particles or mucus in a specific direction over the epithelium. It is seen in the trachea of wind-pipe, bronchioles of the respiratory tract, kidney tubules and fallopian tubes of oviducts.
5. Glandular Epithelium Epithelial cells are often modified to form specialized gland cells that secrete chemical substances at the epithelial surface. Sometimes a portion of the epithelial tissue folds inward to form a multicellular gland, which lines the gastric glands, pancreatic tubules and intestinal glands.

Question 2.
Write a note on the nervous tissue using a diagram.
Answer:

Nervous tissue comprises of the nerve cells or neurons. They are the longest cells of the body. Neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous tissue. The elongated and slender processes of the neurons are the nerve fibres. Each neuron consists of a cell body or cyton with nucleus and cytoplasm. The dendrons are short and highly branched protoplasmic processes of cyton. The axon is a single, long fibre like process that develops from the cyton and end up with fine terminal branches. They have the ability to receive stimuli from within or outside the body and send signals to different parts of the body. Many nerve fibres are bound together by the connective tissue.

Question 3.
Describe fluid connective tissue.
Answer:
The blood and the lymph are the fluid connective tissues which link different parts of the body. The cells of the connective tissue are loosely spaced and are embedded in an intercellular matrix.
(a) Blood: contains corpuscles which are red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leucocytes) and platelets. In this fluid connective tissue, the blood cells move in a fluid matrix called plasma. The plasma contains inorganic salts and organic substances. It is a main circulating fluid that helps in the transport of substances.

1. Red blood corpuscles (Erythrocytes): The red blood corpuscles are oval-shaped, circular, biconcave disc-like and lack nucleus when mature (mammalian RBC). They contain a respiratory pigment called hemoglobin which is involved in the transport of oxygen to tissues.
2. White blood corpuscles (Leucocytes): They are larger in size, contain a distinct nucleus and are colorless. They are capable of amoeboid movement and play an important role in body’s defense mechanism. WBC’s are of two types
   • Granulocytes (with granules in the cytoplasm): have irregular shaped nuclei and cytoplasmic granules. They include neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils.
   • Agranulocytes (without granules in the cytoplasm): lack cytoplasmic granules and include the lymphocytes which have a spherical nucleus and the monocytes which have a large nucleus indented on one side. They engulf or destroy foreign bodies and neutralize their harmful effects.
   • Blood platelets: They are minute, anucleated, fragile fragments of giant bone marrow called megakaryocytes. They play an important role in the blood clotting mechanism.

(b) Lymph: Lymph is a colorless fluid filtered out of the blood capillaries. It consists of plasma and white blood cells. It mainly helps in the exchange of materials between blood and tissue fluids.

Question 4.
Differentiate between the following:

1. Sieve cells and Sieve tubes
2. Sclereids and fibres
3. Tracheids and vessels
4. Sclerenchyma and parenchyma

Answer:
1.

Sieve cells	Sieve tubes
Sieve cells have no companion cells	Sieve tubes always have companion cells
Sieve areas do not form sieve plates	Sieve areas are confined to Sieve plates
Cells are elongated and are unique long with tapering end walls	Cells consist of vertical cells placed one above the other forming long tubes connected at the walls by sieve pores
Sieve pores are smaller and numerous	Sieve pores are larger and fewer in number
Sieve cells are found in pteridophytes and gymnosperms	Sieve tubes are found in angiosperms

2.

Sclereids	Fibre
Usually broad	Elongated narrow thread like
End walls blunt	End walls tapering
Occur singly	Occur in bundles
Deep pit	Narrow pits

3.

Tracheids	Vessels
Formed from single cells	Made up of number of cells
Ends are oblique and taper	Ends are round and transverse
Fraction of a cm in length	Several cms in length
Walls are thick, lumen-narrow	Walls are less thick, lumen- wide

4.

Sclerenchyma	Parenchyma
Cells are thick walled and lignified.	Cells are thin-walled and unspecialised.
Tissues are made up of dead cells.	These are living cells.
No intercellular spaces between the cells are found.	Cells are usually loosely packed with large intercellular space.
Provides strength to the plant parts.	Stores nutrients and water in stem and roots.
The cells are long and narrow, making the plant hard and stiff. The tissue is present in the stem around vascular bundles in the veins of leaves and the hard covering of seeds and nuts.	Some cells contain chlorophyll called chlorechyma and perform photosynthesis. Other cells have larger air cavities called arenchyma which provide buoyancy to the hydrophytic plants.

You can Download Seventeen Oranges Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf Prose Chapter 4 help you to revise complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Prose Chapter 4 Seventeen Oranges

Seventeen Oranges Warm Up:

Share with your classmates.
Imagine you are caught while sneakily eating something without your parent’s permission.

Seventeen Oranges Questions And Answers Question 1.
What would be your reaction at that moment?
Answer:
I would be frightened and thinking of what to tell them.

Seventeen Oranges Question 2.
How would you manage that situation?
Answer:
I would quickly run from that place and when my parents ask me about it I would tell them that I was very hungry and the smell tempted me.

Seventeen Oranges Intext Questions

Seventeen Oranges Book Back Answers Question 1.
Where did the narrator work?
Answer:
The narrator worked in Swift Delivery Company.

Seventeen Oranges Questions And Answers Pdf Question 2.
What was the narrator’s job in the docks?
Answer:
The narrator’s job was to drive a little pony-and-cart in and out of the docks.

Seventeen Oranges Summary Question 3.
What was Clem Jones carrying in the box?
Answer:
Clem Jones was carrying a ship’s cat in the box.

9th English Seventeen Oranges Question 4.
What happened when the box was opened?
Answer:
When the box was opened, a ship’s cat jumped out and ran into the docks.

Seventeen Oranges Summary And Question Answers Question 5.
Did the narrator believe Clem’s story?
Answer:
No, the narrator did not believe Clem’s story because he knew that Clem was planning for a theft.

Seventeen Oranges Samacheer Kalvi Question 6.
What was the narrator carrying in his pockets?
Answer:
The narrator was carrying seventeen oranges in his pockets.

9th Standard English Seventeen Oranges Question 7.
Who is Pongo?
Answer:
Pongo is a policeman.

Seventeen Oranges 9th Standard Question 8.
Why did Pongo want to bring another policeman?
Answer:
Pongo wanted to bring another policeman to be a witness against the narrator in the court because the narrator was not answering to his questions regarding the oranges found in his pocket.

Seventeen Oranges Question Answer Question 9.
What did the voice in the narrator’s head tell him to do?
Answer:
The voice in the narrator’s head asked him to eat all the oranges so that there will be no evidence of his theft.

Question 10.
Why did the policemen arrive a little late to the cabin?
Answer:
The policemen arrived a little late to the cabin because they were talking to some cart drivers near the dock gate.

Question 11.
What did the narrator do with the pips and peels?
Answer:
The narrator swallowed the pips and peels too.

Seventeen Oranges Textual Questions

A. From your reading of the text, choose the correct answers from the options given below.

Question 1.
The narrator was very fond of ____________.
(a) reading detective stories.
(b) driving a pony-and-cart.
(c) eating oranges
(d) munching away at something.
Answer:
(c) eating oranges

Question 2.
The narrator was searched by the policeman, because ____________.
(a) the oranges could be smelt
(b) he was singing songs
(c) he was carrying a box
(d) his pockets were bulging
Answer:
(d) his pockets were bulging

Question 3.
The narrator kept his mouth shut when questioned by Pongo, because ____________ .
(a) anything said would be held as evidence against him
(b) the oranges would fall out
(c) he did not steal the oranges
(d) he was scared of Pongo
Answer:
(a) anything said would be held as evidence against him

Question 4.
The voice in the narrator’s head advised him to _____________ .
(a) confess the truth to Pongo
(b) eat all the oranges
(c) deny his guilt
(d) hide all the oranges
Answer:
(b) eat all the oranges

Question 5.
Pongo found no trace of the oranges on the table, because ____________ .
(a) Pongo’s mate had stolen them
(b) all the oranges were sold
(c) the narrator had eaten them all
(d) they disappeared mysteriously.
Answer:
(c) the narrator had eaten them all

B. Answer the following questions briefly in one or two sentences.

Question 1.
Why did the narrator call Clem Jones a careful planner?
Answer:
Clem Jones planned a theft carefully and executed it well.

Question 2.
What was Clem Jones carrying in the box during his second attempt?
Answer:
Clem Jones was carrying a large Dutch cheese in the box during his second attempt.

Question 3.
Why did the policeman suspect the narrator?
Answer:
The police man caught the narrator red-handed because the string of the narrator’s apron broke and the cop noticed that the narrator’s pockets were bulging.

Question 4.
What did Pongo consider as evidence against the narrator?
Answer:
The policeman considered the seventeen oranges as evidence against the narrator.

Question 5.
How did the narrator feel when he was alone in Pongo’s cabin?
Answer:
When the narrator was locked in the cabin, he lost hope in life and felt afraid that he would lose his job.

Question 6.
What did the narrator do to get rid of the evidence?
Answer:
The narrator ate all the oranges to get rid of the evidence.

Question 7.
What did Pongo do when he found no oranges on the table?
Answer:
Pongo looked everywhere for the oranges. He looked in the narrator’s pockets and in his apron. He became angry and shouted at the narrator.

Question 8.
Why were the policemen not able to bring any charges against the narrator?
Answer:
As there was no evidence left against the narrator, the policemen were not able to bring any charges against the narrator.

Question 9.
How did the narrator feel after eating seventeen oranges?
Answer:
The narrator felt sick for a week and the oranges kept working away in his stomach.

Question 10.
What happened to the narrator’s love for oranges after the incident?
Answer:
He was never crazy for oranges after that incident.

Additional Questions

Question 1.
Why did the narrator make his own big apron?
Answer:
The narrator made a big apron so that he could hide from the policeman the things which he used to take from the docks.

Question 2.
Does the narrator steal?
Answer:
No the narrator does not steal; he only picks up some fallen items or his friends would throw him a bunch of fruits.

Question 3.
According to the narrator why was Clem holding the lid down tightly?
Answer:
According to the narrator, Clem was holding the lid down tightly because he was hiding a large Dutch cheese inside it.

Question 4.
Why was Pongo able to easily notice the bulging pockets of the narrator?
Answer:
Pongo was able to easily notice the narrator’s bulging pockets because the strings of his apron broke. .

Question 5.
Why did the narrator not answer to Pongo’s questions?
Answer:
The narrator had read many detective stories from which he had leamt that if he had said anything, it would be used against him. So he did not answer to any questions asked by Pongo.

C. Answer the following in about 80-100 words.

Question 1.
Narrate the clever strategy followed by Clem Jones to deceive Pongo.
Answer:
Clem Jones was one of the narrator’s friends who worked with him at the dock. Clem was amazingly smart about stealing things from the docks and boats that he easily fooled the policemen with his great cunningness. Once, he carried a box and came out of the docks. The cop Pongo stopped him and investigated about the box. Clem told that it had a cat. The cop insisted on opening it.

When Clem did so, a ship’s cat jumped off and escaped into the docks. When Clem Jones returned with the box of cheese, he looked angrily at the policeman Pongo to make the policeman feel guilty of his previous act of opening the box, in which the cat was kept inside. By making Pongo feel guilty, Clem was able to avoid any more security check and thus was able to steal a large Dutch Cheese.

Question 2.
Describe the confrontation between the narrator and Pongo.
Answer:
The narrator used to work at a shipyard, carrying fruits and other goods to the docks in his pony cart. The narrator loved oranges so much that he could eat a number of oranges without a break for hours. The narrator was once caught with his seventeen oranges because his apron string broke and a policeman Pongo noticed that the narrator’s pockets were somewhat bulged.

So, the policeman looked into the narrator’s pockets and found there were seventeen oranges. Pongo wanted to set an example for the rest of the employees at the dock of the necessity of being honest and of the dire consequences of stealing anything from the dock. When the narrator was locked in the cabin, he lost hope in life, felt afraid that he would lose his job. The narrator ate all the oranges to get rid of the evidence. Pongo looked everywhere for the oranges. He looked in the narrator’s pockets and in his apron.

As there was no evidence left against the narrator, the policemen were not able to bring any charges against the narrator. He felt sick for a week and those oranges kept working away in his stomach.

Additional Questions:

Question 1.
Even after being caught red-handed, how did the narrator escape the punishment?
Answer:
The narrator had read a lot of detective stories and he knew the importance of evidence in proving the crime. His inner mind prompted him to clear the evidence in order to get away with the situation. But there were not one but seventeen evidences. And clearing them up seemed to be quite a task. Nevertheless, the narrator prepared himself for the task and one- by-one ate all the seventeen oranges – swallowing the pips and peels too.

When Pongo and the other policeman came there, they could not find any evidence against the narrator. Though confused by the smell of the oranges, they could not prove the narrator guilty. Due to lack of evidence, the narrator was set free. Thus he escaped the punishment even after being caught red-handed.

Question 2.
How did the narrator manage to clear the evidence?
Answer:
After catching the narrator red-handed, Pongo left him in a room and went to bring a witness. The narrator knew he was in trouble. A voice in his head told him to eat the oranges and destroy the evidence. So he took an orange, peeled it and put it in his mouth. But the pips were left. The voice in his head asked him to swallow the pips and the peel. He took a small knife from his pocket and cut the oranges into large chunks.

He swallowed the pieces as fast as he could. His stomach was nearly full but there were still three oranges on the table. Pongo and the other policeman were about to arrive when they saw some carts at the dock gate and went to talk to the drivers. This gave the narrator a few more minutes. He swallowed the remaining oranges with a great deal of struggle and thus managed to clear the evidence.

Question 3.
Describe the narrator’s thoughts when he was locked inside the cabin.
Answer:
The narrator was caught red-handed by Pongo, the policeman. However, upon being questioned by Pongo, he did not say a word. So Pongo left the cabin to bring another policeman who would be a witness in the case. He locked the door from outside leaving the narrator alone in the cabin.

The narrator was worried. He looked at the walls and at the door and then at the seventeen oranges kept on the table. Thoughts of fear and deep remorse filled his mind. He would lose his job and might have to go to prison. What would his father say? What would his father do? He almost gave up the hope of escaping from the trouble. He cursed himself for his foolish act.

Vocabulary:

D. Find the synonyms for the underlined words.

Question 1.
The voice in his head asked the narrator to eat the evidence.
(a) proof
(b) contradict
(c) disprove
(d) refute
Answer:
(a) proof

Question 2.
Clem looked at Pongo furiously.
(a) politely
(b) gently
(c) angrily
(d) calmly
Answer:
(c) angrily

Question 3.
When Pongo caught the narrator with the oranges, he was very frightened.
(a) undaunted
(b) afraid
(c) valiant
(d) brave
Answer:
(b) afraid

Question 4.
The narrator was quiet when Pongo questioned him.
(a) calm
(b) noisy
(c) silent
(d) agitated
Answer:
(c) silent

Question 5.
The narrator was in trouble because he took the oranges.
(a) peace
(b) difficulty
(c) harmony
(d) comfort
Answer:
(b) difficulty

E. Find the antonyms for the underlined words in the following sentences.

1. Seventeen oranges were hidden in the narrator’s pockets.
(a) exposed
(b) masked
(c) concealed
(d) buried
Answer:
(a) exposed

2. Clem Jones was ordered to open the box.
(a) prepared
(b) arranged
(c) forced
(d) requested
Answer:
(d) requested

3. Pongo locked the narrator inside the cabin.
(a) closed
(b) sealed
(c) released
(d) chocked
Answer:
(c) released

4. Pongo carefully searched the narrator’s pockets.
(a) attentively
(b) carelessly
(c) cautiously
(d) strictly
Answer:
(b) carelessly

5. The narrator of the story felt very sick for a week.
(a) healthy
(b) disordered
(c) feeble
(d) unhealthy
Answer:
(a) healthy

Listening:
Listen to the play “The Red Peacock”. The incidents described in the one act play happen as a result of people’s responses and actions.

F. Complete the table with suitable responses.

(For listening to the passage refer to our website www.fullcircleeducation.iri) ‘ Krishna Deva Raya’s greedy minister, Chatur Pandit, arrives at the court with a red peacock.

Krishna Deva Raya : I have never seen such a creature!
Courtiers Chatur : We agree.
Pandit : Please accept this gift, Your Majesty! My servants searched the jungles to find this creature.
Tenali Raman (thinks) : How can a bird so bright survive in the jungle? It will be easily spotted by other animals.
Krishna Deva Raya : Thank you, Chatur Pandit! How can we reward you?
Chatur Pandit : Your Majesty, 1000 gold coins will be enough, as I spent that to get the bird.
Tenali Raman : Your Majesty, I think we should observe this peacock for a while before we give Chatur Pandit his reward. I will go to the jungles and get more birds like these.
Krishna Deva Raya : Alright, Tenali. You have two weeks.
(Tenali Raman did not go to the jungles.)
Tenali Raman (to his attendants): Look for the person who has painted that peacock red.
Attendants : Yes, sir!
(The attendants found the painter.)
Tenali Raman (to the painter) : Don’t worry, I won’t punish you. Just paint another four
peacocks the same colour.
Painter : Yes sir.
(Tenali Raman takes the peacocks to the court, two weeks later.)
Krishna Deva Raya : Bravo, Tenali. Treasurer, give him 1000 gold coins.
Tenali Raman : That is not what they cost, Your Majesty.
Krishna Deva Raya : What is your price then, Tenali Raman?
Tenali Raman : A bucket of water, a bag of red paint, and a gold coin for this artist.
Krishna Deva Raya (angrily) : Chatur Pandit, I sentence you to.
Tenali Raman : Your Majesty, your desire for fame led you to believe a red peacock
could exist. For a long time, there has been needless spending on such curiosities. It is better that your subjects are prosperous, rather than a display of wealth. I request you to let Chatur Pandit go and reward the artist for highlighting this matter.
Krishna Deva Raya : You’re right, Tenali.
Chatur Pandit (falls at the king’s feet): Your Majesty, please forgive me.
Krishna Deva Raya : I will do so, but you are banished from the court for a month. And you must return the gifts you got earlier.
(It starts to rain and the peacocks dance. The rain washes off their red colour.)
Krishna Deva Raya (laughs): Look, Tenali!
(Tenali smiles.)
(The people of the kingdom dance in the rain.)
The people (to each other) : We are lucky to have a king who is not afraid to admit his mistake. (Chatur Pandit walks home alone in the rain.)
Answers:

1. Tenali Raman wants the king to realise his desire for fame and needless spending.
2. He presents a red peacock before the king.
3. Tenali Raman wants to prove to the king that Chatur Pandit was fooling the king.

G. Answer the following questions based on your listening.

Question 1.
Why did Chatur Pandit ask the king for 1000 gold coins?
Answer:
Chatur Pandit said that he had spent 1000 gold coins to catch the red peacock.

Question 2.
Where did Chatur Pandit find the red peacock?
Answer:
He said that his servants found the red peacock in the jungle.

Question 3.
What sort of a person was Chatur Pandit?
Answer:
He was a greedy minister.

Question 4.
State whether the statement is true or false.
Tenali was given three weeks to bring more red peacocks.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Why the people feel that they were lucky to have Krishna Deva Raya as their king?
Answer:
The people felt that they were lucky to have a king who would not afraid to admit his mistake.

Speaking:

H. Work in groups of four. Choose one of the situations given below. Discuss how the story would have been different if.

Pongo had pardoned the narrator after scolding him.
Pongo had arrived on the scene before the last orange was eaten.
Pongo had forgotten to lock the door properly but the narrator only discovered it just before Pongo returned.
Share your ideas with the rest of the class.
Answer:

1. If Pongo had pardoned the narrator after scolding him, the narrator would have felt guilty. He would never steal anything in the docks and he would have been a completely changed man. His love for oranges would have remained the same.
2. If Pongo had arrived on the scene before the last orange was eaten, he would have caught the narrator redhanded and would have evidence before the other cop. The narrator would have been punished for his mistake.
3. If Pongo had forgotten to lock the door properly but the narrator discovered that just before Pongo returned, the narrator would have felt bad of the lost opportunity.

Writing:

I. Work in groups and discuss. Then write a diary entry in about 60-80 words describing your feelings and emotions for the given situations.
Imagine, you are Pongo.

Question 1.
Your feelings when you caught the boy.
Answer:

Place: XYZ
Date: 20th June, 20xx.
Day & Time: Friday, 8.00 p.m.

Dear Diary,

Today, while I was on duty at the security gate, I saw a little boy with his apron string broke. I also noticed that his pockets were somewhat bulged. I took him into my cabin and found that seventeen oranges were hidden in his pocket. I wanted to set an example for the rest of the employees at the dock of the necessity of being honest and of the dire consequences of stealing anything from the dock.

I was angry at him and went to bring another policeman, who would be a witness and evidence, to file a case in the court.

pansa

Question 2.
Your feelings and emotions when you came back and found the oranges gone.
Answer:

Place: XYZ
Date: 20th June, 20xx.
Day & Time: Friday, 9.00 p.m.

Dear Diary,

Today, I saw a poor little boy who tried to steal the oranges from the ship. His apron string broke and his pant pockets were bulging with oranges. I caught him red handed and locked him in the cabin. He had seventeen oranges with him and I wanted to punish him so that other employees would dare not do so. But unfortunately, I couldn’t gather any evidence as that little fellow ate all the seventeen oranges along with the pips and chunks.

pansa

Reading:

Now, read this hilarious anecdote from the life of a journalist and enjoy.
In 1977, Mr. Nicholas Scotti, a journalist from San Francisco, flew America to Italy to visit some cousins. The plane stopped for ab hour in JFK Airport in New York. Mr. Scotti thought he was at Rome Airport and got off the plane. Of course his cousins were not there to meet him.
Mr. Scotti spent two days in New York believing he was in Rome. In their letters his cousins always talked about the traffic problems and the famous building in Rome. Mr. Scotti decided to find their home without their help. On his journey round the city, Mr. Scotti asked a policeman to tell him the way to the bus station Mr. Scotti asked him in Italian. Luckily, the policeman was an Italian from Naples, Italy and could reply in the same language.

On the next day, after 12 hours of travelling round by buses, Mr. Scotti was surprised that the policeman and drives speak in English. A policeman tried to tell him that he was in New york, but Mr Scotti didn’t believe it and even got angry.

J. Complete the following table with information from the anecdote about Mr. Scotti’s

Answers:

1. Journalist
2. to visit some cousins
3. Aeroplane
4. Italy

K. Circle the best option.

Question 1.
In New York Mr Scotti left the plane because he thought he
(a) had to change the plane
(b) was in Rome
(c) had to phone his cousins
(d) had to look at the airport.
Answer:
(b) was in Rome

Question 2.
He decided to find his cousins’ home without their help. He asked the policeman for information in Italian because he
(a) thought he was in Italy.
(b) knew the policeman.
(c) didn’t speak any other language
(d) liked the language.
Answer:
(a) thought he was in Italy

Question 3.
On the next day, Mr. Scotti was …………….. at how the local people responded to his queries.
(a) surprised
(b) unhappy
(c) glad
(d) upset
Answer:
(a) surprised

Question 4.
Circle three words that best describe Mr. Scotti
clever / unlucky / stupid / successful / miserable / happy
Answer:
unlucky / stupid / miserable

L. Have you experienced any unexpected turn of events in your life? What happened? How did you feel about it at that moment? How do you feel about it now? Write an article for your school magazine describing your experience in about 150 words.
Answer:
An accident on a lake – By Arun
Last year my friends and myself went boating in a small lake. In spite of the boatman’s warning, two of my friends jumped up and down in excitement, causing the boat to rock violently. One of my friends fell into the water. We all started screaming hysterically. Luckily, two patrol-boats were nearby. Our boatman waved to them and they rushed to us very speedily, caught hold of my friend and managed to lift him into their boat very quickly. After first-aid, my friend who had fainted, regained his consciousness. He was advised to take rest and we came back to the shore, thanking the boatman and the patrol boatman.

Grammar:

A. Given below in Column A are some phrasal verbs taken from the text. Find the meanings by using a dictionary and complete Column B.

Answers:

1. having an affection towards
2. to store in a secret location
3. shut and secure / prison
4. made fun of to bring to
5. to direct your eyes towards something
6. notice
7. lost hope
8. to experience something difficult and unpleasant
9. to complete

B. Can You Do It.

Talking about the abilities of your class members is a great way to review the use of the modal can.
Work in pairs and discuss things a person might be able to do. Include things that some people can do and others cannot do, and make a list on the board

Answers:
1. read Spanish, 2. bake cakes, 3. dance, 4. draw a scenery, 5. sing, 6. play tennis, 7. climb a tree, 8. write a poem, 9. cook, 10. stitch, 11. do yoga, 12. operate a computer, 13. make bangles, 14. bind a book, 15. act, 16. perform mimicry, 17. do embroidery, 18. type fast, 19. dig a well, 20. memorize things fast, 21. do face painting, 22. design a book, 23. playveena, 24. comb hair on your own, 25. knit, 26. skip, 27. teach, 28. write an essay, 29. play cricket, 30. play hockey, 31. skate, 32. operate a calculator, 33. repair a bicycle, 34. ride a bicycle, 35. speak French, 36. perform somersaulting.

F. Match the Squares to Form Proper Sentences.

Answer:
Advice: I shouldn’t take some pills. She should wear warm clothes. They shouldn’t go home. Sam and Jai should see a doctor.
Obligation /Prohibition: I mustn’t take some pills. She must wear warm clothes. They mustn’t go home Sam and Jai must see a doctor.

G. Fill in the blanks with appropriate modals.
(Will / Shall, Would / Should, Can / Could, May / Might, Ought to)

Milk is a nutritious food enriched with vitamins and proteins. We (1)……………….. take milk regularly so that we (2) …………….. not develop deficiencies in our body. Aged persons, children and patients (3) ………………. take milk in sufficient quantities as it provides strength to their body. We (4) …………………….. supplement it with fruits, vegetables and pulses for proper growth of the body. But we (5) ……………….. consume milk of good quality. Otherwise it (6) …………………… cause harm to the body. We (7) …………………… be very careful while selecting our food items because there are chances that these (8) …………………… be adulterated. We (9) …………………… protect our health.
Answers:

1. should
2. would
3. can
4. will
5. could
6. might
7. shall
8. may
9. ought to

Seventeen Oranges by Bill Naughton About the author:

William John Francis Naughton, or Bill Naughton (12 June 1910 – 9 January 1992) was an Irish-born British playwright and author, best known for his plays and short stories. He attended Saint Peter and Paul’s School, and worked as a weaver, coal-bagger and lorry- driver before he started writing.

Naughton was a prolific writer of plays, novels, short stories and children’s books. His preferred environment was working class society, which is reflected in much of his written work.

His work also includes the novel One Small Boy (1957), and the collection of short stories The Goalkeeper’s Revenge: And Other Stories (1961). His 1977 children’s novel My Pal Spadger is an account of his childhood in 1920s.

Seventeen Oranges Summary:

The narrator used to work at a shipyard, carrying shipments to docks. He had an irresistible love for oranges. He stole them from the boats and ships and chewed them for hours.

However, once he was caught by security police guard, Pongo. Pongo wanted to make his case an example for all the other workers and frighten them of the consequences of dishonesty and stealing. So, he locked the narrator up in a room.

When the police officer locked him in a room and went out for getting another police officer to be a witness, the narrator ate up all the seventeen oranges, with their seeds and peel, and vanished the last of the evidence against him. That was a bitter experience for him. Well, thereafter he was never crazy about oranges.

Seventeen Oranges Glossary:

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 1 Measurement

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Measurement Textbook Exercises

I. Choose the correct answer.

9th Science Guide Question 1.
Choose the correct one
(a) mm < cm < m < km
(b) mm > cm > m > km
(c) km < m < cm < mm
(d) mm > m > cm > km
Answer:
(a) mm < cm < m < km

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solution Chapter 1 Measurement Question 2.
Rulers, measuring tapes and metre scales are used to measure
(a) Mass
(b) Weight
(c) Time
(d) Length
Answer:
(d) Length

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Free Download Pdf Question 3.
1 metric ton is equal to
(a) 100 quintals
(b) 10 quintals
(c) 1/10 quintals
(d) 1/100 quintals
Answer:
(b) 10 quintals

9th Science Measurement Question 4.
Which among the following is not a device to measure mass?
(a) Spring balance
(b) Beam balance
(c) Physical balance
(d) Digital balance
Answer:
(a) Spring balance

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. Metre is the unit of …………..
2. 1 kg of rice is weighed by …………
3. The thickness of a cricket ball is measured by ………….
4. The radius of a thin wire is measured by ………….
5. A physical balance measures small differences in mass up to …………….

Answer:

1. Length
2. Beam balance
3. Vernier Caliper
4. Screw Gauge
5. 1 mg

III. True or False.

Chapter 1 Measurement Question 1.
The SI unit of electric current is kilogram.
Answer:
False
Correct Statement: The SI unit of electric current is ampere. Kilogram is the unit of mass.

9th Standard Measurement Lesson Question 2.
Kilometre is one of the SI units of measurement.
Answer:
False
Correct.Statement: Metre only SI unit. Kilometre is multiple of metre.

9th Science Lesson 1 Measurement Question 3.
In everyday life, we use the term weight instead of mass.
Answer:
True

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Book Answers Question 4.
A physical balance is more sensitive than a beam balance.
Answer:
True

9th Standard Science Measurement Question 5.
One Celsius degree is an interval of IK and zero degree Celsius is 273.15 K.
Answer:
False
Correct Statement: One Celsius degree is an interval 1K is true, but zero degree Celsius is equal to -273.15K.

9th Science Guide Pdf Download Question 6.
With the help of vernier caliper we can have an accuracy of 0.1 mm and with screw gauge we can have an accuracy of 0.01 mm.
Answer:
False
Correct Statement: With the help of vernier caliper we can have an accuracy of 0.01 cm and with screw gauge we can have an accuracy of 0.01 mm.

IV. Match the following.

1. 

Column – I	Column – II
(a) Length	(i) Kelvin
(b) Mass	(ii) meter
(c) Time	(iii) Kilogram
(d) Tempature	(iv) second

Answer:
(a) (ii)
(b) (iii)
(c) (iv)
(d) (i)

2.

Column – I	Column – II
(a) Screw gauge	(i) Vegetables
(b) Vernier Caliper	(ii) Coins
(c) Beam balance	(iii) Gold ornaments
(d) Digital balance	(iv) Cricket ball

Answer:
(a) (ii)
(b) (iv)
(c) (i)
(d) (iii)

V. Assertion and Reason Type.

In the following questions, statement is given, followed by reason. Answer the questions as below.
(a) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct reason.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct reason.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 9th Science Question 1.
Assertion(A): The scientifically correct expression is “ The mass of the bag is 10 kg”
Reason (R): In everyday life, we use the term weight instead of mass.
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct reason.

9th Standard Science Guide Pdf Free Download Question 2.
Assertion (A): 0°C = 273.16 K. For our convenience, we take it as 273 K after rounding off the decimal.
Reason (R): To convert a temperature on the Celsius scale we have to add 273 to the given temperature.
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct reason.

Measurement Lesson 9th Standard Question 3.
Assertion (A): The distance between two celestial bodies is measured in terms of a light-year.
Reason (R): The distance traveled by the light in one year is one light year.
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct reason.

VI. Very Short Answer Type.

9th Standard Science Measurement Lesson Question 1.
Define measurement.
Answer:
Measurement is the process of comparison of the given physical quantity with the known standard quantity of the same nature.

Class 9 Science Measurement Question 2.
Define standard unit.
Answer:
Unit is the quantity of a constant magnitude which is used to measure the magnitudes of other quantities of the same nature.

9th Science Measurement Book Back Answers Question 3.
What is the full form of SI system?
Answer:
The full form of S.I. system is International System of Units.

Science Guide For Class 9 Question 4.
Define least count of any device.
Answer:
Least count is the least distance measured in a given device by it.

9th Standard Science Guide Question 5.
What do you know about pitch of screw gauge?
Answer:
Pitch of the screw gauge is the distance between two successive screw threads. It is measured by the ratio of distance travelled on the pitch scale to the number of rotations of the head scale.

9th Std Science Book Answers Question 6.
Can you find the diameter of a thin wire of length 2 m using the ruler from your instrument box?
Answer:
Yes, first you have to wound the wire around the scale for 10 cm and count the number of turns in it. Then if you divide 10 cm by number of turns which gives the thickness of the wire.

VII. Short Answer Type.

9th Std Science Guide Pdf Question 1.
Write the rules that are followed in writing the symbols of units in SI system.
Answer:

1.  The units named after scientists are not written with a capital initial letter.
   E.g. newton, henry, ampere, and watt.
2. The symbols of the units named after scientists should be written by the initial capital letter.
   E.g. N for newton, H for henry, A for ampere and W for watt.
3. Small letters are used as symbols for units not derived from a proper noun.
   E.g. m for metre, kg for kilogram.
4.  No lull stop or other punctuation marks should be used within or at the end of symbols.
   E.g. 50 m and not as 50 m.
5.  The symbols of the units are not expressed in plural form.
   E.g. 10 kg not as kgs.

9th Standard Science Guide Free Download Question 2.
Write the need of a standard unit.
Answer:
Many of the ancient systems of measurement were based on the dimensions of human body. As a result, unit of measurement varied from person to person and also from location to location. In earlier time, different unit systems were used by people from different countries.
But, at the end of the Second World War there was a necessity to use worldwide system of measurement. Hence, SI (International System of Units) system of units was developed and recommended by General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1960 for international usage.

Class 9 Science Chapter 1 Measurement Question 3.
Differentiate mass and weight.
Answer:

S.No.	Mass	Weight
1.	Fundamental quantity	Derived quantity
2.	Has magnitude alone – scalar quantity	Has magnitude and direction – vector quantity
3.	It is the amount of matter contained in a body	It is the normal force exerted by the surface on the object against gravitational pull
4.	Remains the same	Varies from place to place
5.	It is measured using physical balance	It is measured using spring balance
6.	Its unit is kilogram	Its unit is newton

Measurement 9th Standard Question 4.
How will you measure the least count of Vernier Caliper?
Answer:
Least count of Vernier Caliper is the ratio of value of one smallest main scale division to total
number of Vernier scale division.
i.e., L.C. = 0.1mm = 0.01cm
(or) L.C. = 1MD – 1VSD = 1.0 mm – 0.9 mm
= 0. 1mm = 0.01 cm

VIII. Long Answer Type.

9th Standard Measurement Lesson Book Back Answers Question 1.
Explain a method to find the thickness of a hollow tea cup.
Answer:
To find the thickness of a hollow teacup,

(i)Determine the pitch, of the least count and zero error of the screw gauge.

• Pitch of the screw = \(\frac{\text { Distance moved by the pitch }}{\text { No. of rotations by Head scale }}\)
• Least count (LC) = 0.01 mm
• Zero error:
  Positive zero error (ZE) = + (n × LC)mm = + (n × 0.01) mm
  ∴ Zero correction (ZC) = – (n × 0.01) mm
  Negative zero error (ZE) = – (100 – n) × LC mm
  ∴ Zero correction (ZC) = (100 – n) × LC mm

(ii) Place the teacup between the two studs.

(iii) Rotate the head until the tea cup is held firmly but not tightly, with the help of ratchat.

(iv) Note the reading of the pitch scale crossed by the head scale (PSR) and the head scale
the division that coincides with the pitch scale axis (HSC).

(v) The thickness of the teacup is given by PSR + CHSR (Corrected HSR). Repeat the experiment for different positions of the teacup.

(vi) Tabulate the readings.

(vii) The average of the last column reading gives the thickness of the tea cup.

S.No.	P.S.R (mm)	H.S.C (division)	CHSC = HSC ± ZC (Division)	CHSR = CHSC x LC (mm)	Total reading = PSR + CHSR (mm)
1. 2.					mean = mm

Thickness of the teacup = ……….. mm

Question 2.
How will you find the thickness of a one rupee coin?

1. Determine the pitch, the least count and the zero error of the screw gauge
2.  Place the coin between the two studs
3.  Rotate the head until the coin is held firmly but not tightly, with the help of the ratchat
4.  Note the reading of the pitch scale crossed by the head scale (PSR) and the head scale division that coincides with the pitch scale axis (HSC)
5.  The width of the coin is given by PSR + CHSR (Corrected HSR). Repeat the experiment for different positions of the coin
6.  Tabulate the readings
7.  The average of the last column readings gives the width of the coin

S.No.	P.S.R (mm)	H.S.C (division)	CHSC = HSC ± ZC (Division)	CHSR = CHSC x LC (mm)	Total reading = PSR + CHSR (mm)
1. 2.					mean = mm

Thickness of the coin = …….. mm

IX. Numerical problem.

Question 1.
Inian and Ezhilan argue about the light year. Inian tells that it is 9.46 × 10¹⁵? m and Ezhilan argues that it is 9.46 × 10¹² km. Who is right? Justify your answer.
Answer:
The magnitude of light year = 9.46 × 10¹⁵ m. So Inian gave a correct answer.

Question 2.
The main scale reading while measuring the thickness of a rubber ball using Vernier Caliper is 7 cm and the Vernier scale coincidence is 6. Find the radius of the ball.
Answer:
Given: The main scale reading = 7 cm
Vernier scale coincidence = 6
we know that least count of vernier = 0.01 cm
The radius of the ball = MSR + VC × LC
= 7 cm + 6 × 0.01 cm
= 7 cm + 0.06 cm = 7.06 cm

Question 3.
Find the thickness of a five rupee coin with the screw gauge, if the pitch scale reading is 1 mm and its head scale coincidence is 68.
Answer:
Given Pitch scale reading = 1 mm
Head scale coincidence = 68
The thickness of a fire rupee coin = PSR + HSC × L.C ± ZE
= 1 mm + 68 × 0.01 mm
= 1 mm + 0.68 mm
= 1.68 mm

ACTIVITY

Question 1.
Using Vernier caliper find the outer diameter of your pen cap.

Answer:

S.No.	P.S.R.	H.S.C.	C.H.S.C × L.C	Total reading
1.	1mm	68	68 × 0.01 mm	P.S.R. + (H.S.C. × L.C) ± ZE = 1 mm + (68 × 0.01 mm) = 1 mm + 0.68 mm = 1.68 mm

Question 2.
Determine the thickness of a single sheet of your science textbook with the help of a Screw gauge.
Answer:
Pitch scale reading = 0.05 mm L.C. = 0.1 mm
Head scale coincidence = 02
The thickness of a single sheet of science text book = PSR + HSC × L.C. + ZE
= 0.05 mm+ (02 × 0.1)
= 0.05 mm + 0.2 mm
= 0.07 mm

Question 3.
With the resources such as paper plates, teacups, thread, and sticks available at home make a model of an ordinary balance. Using standard masses find the mass of some objects.
Answer:

Resource avail	Device	mass of objects
Paper Plates	Common balance	10g
Tea Cups	Common balance	5g
Thread	Physical balance	10 ms
sticks	two par balance	15g

You can Download Learning the Game Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf Prose Chapter 1 help you to revise complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Prose Chapter 1 Learning the Game

Learning the Game Warm Up:

1. Think of what you would like to do in future. Fill in the spaces.

Answer:
2022 – To score 75% marks in the HS Board Examination; 2022-2026 – To complete any chosen Degree course; 2026-2029 – To take up Higher Degrees in the chosen field; 2030-2039 – Into job (professional and personal uplift); 2040 Onwards – To do some social service besides the regular job.

Learning the Game Intext Questions

9th English Guide Question 1.
Who were Sachin’s favourite players?
Answer:
Sunil Gavaskar and the West Indian legend Viv Richards were Sachin’s favourite players.

Learning The Game 9th Standard Question 2.
What was special about Shardashram Vidyamandir in Mumbai?
Answer:
Compared to many other schools in Mumbai, Shardashram Vidyamandir gave due importance to the game of cricket. Mr. Ramakant Achrekar was the cricket coach there and he regularly conducted summer camps.

Learning The Game Question Answer Question 3.
What was the opportunity that transformed the life of Sachin?
Answer:
The opportunity to join Achrekar Sir’s camp involving a session in the morning and evening at Shivaji Park transformed the life of Sachin.

Learning The Game 9th Standard Question Answer Question 4.
What sort of converstions did Ajit and Sachin have while travelling?
Answer:
While travelling in the bus, Ajit would talk to Sachin about the nuances of batting a lot.

9th English Learning The Game Question Answer Question 5.
What routine did Sachin follow in washing his clothes?
Answer:
Sachin had only one set of cricket clothes and the routine was to wash them as soon as he’d return from the morning session. While he had his lunch, the clothes would dry out in the sun and he would wear them again in the afternoon. The pattern was repeated in the evening so that he could use the same set of clothes the following morning.

9th Learning The Game Question Answer Question 6.
What did Achrekar inform Ajit?
Answer:
Achrekar informed Ajit that Sachin had the potential to be a good cricketer if he practiced all year round.

Learning The Game Book Back Answers Question 7.
What was the suggestion given by Achrekar to Sachin’s father?
Answer:
Achrekar suggested that Sachin should change schools if he wanted to pursue cricket seriously, since the New English School in Bandra, where Sachin was studying, did not have cricket facilities.

9th Standard English Learning The Game Pdf Question 8.
What acted as a safety valve?
Answer:
At Shardashram Vidyamandir, where Achrekar Sir was the cricket coach, all his excess energies were getting channeled into cricket, which acted as a kind of safety valve for Sachin.

Learning The Game 9th Standard Pdf Question 9.
What did Sachin do during the thirty-minute break?
Answer:
During the thirty-minute break, Sachin would often have a vadapav, a popular Mumbai fast food, with the money that Achrekar sir would give him.

9th Standard English Guide Question 10.
What is the intense ‘fifteen minutes’ mentioned?
Answer:
Between 5 pm and 7 pm, Sachin would have five more net sessions. Towards the last 15 minutes, Achrekar Sir would place a one rupee coin on top of the stumps and if Sachin managed to avoid getting out, the coin was his. In this session every bowler in the camp would come and bowl to him, with some sixty to seventy boys fielding. It meant he had to hit every ball along the ground to survive and win the one rupee coin. This period was the intense fifteen minutes.

Learning The Game Question 11.
What did Sachin’s father do just to make Sachin happy?
Answer:
Occasionally, Sachin’s father took him home. Sachin would always ask his father to treat him to a special fruit cocktail at a juice centre near the club. Though it was a little unreasonable, his father would give him what he wanted, just to see him happy.

Learning The Game Lesson Question Answer Question 12.
What did embarrass Sachin in the bus?
Answer:
Sometimes Sachin had to travel home from Shivaji Park by bus. In the crowded buses, it was a challenge to stand with his kitbag. The conductors were often rude and would inevitably complain that Sachin was taking the place of two passengers and even asked him to buy ticket for two. As he never had extra money it embarrassed him. His dirty clothes added to the same.

9th English Guide Pdf Question 13.
What made Sachin forget to go to the nets?
Answer:
Occasionally, while playing with his friends at home, Sachin would conveniently forget to go to the nets amidst all the fun.

Learning The Game Sachin Tendulkar Pdf Question 14.
What did Achrekar advise Sachin?
Answer:
Achrekar advised Sachin not to waste his time playing insane games with kids. He would say that Cricket was waiting for him at the nets and that he should practice hard to see what magic can transpire.

Learning the Game Textual Questions

A. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

Learning The Game Sachin Tendulkar Question Answer Question 1.
What was coach Achrekar’s first impression on Sachin?
Answer:
Coach Achrekar’s first impression on Sachin was that he was too young to make the camp.

Learning The Game Questions And Answers Question 2.
Why did Sachin feel that the schedule of the camp was ‘rigorous’?
Answer:
Sachin had to practice between 7.30 am and 10.30 am and again he would practice from afternoon to the evening. By the end of the day he would feel exhausted and hence Sachin felt the schedule to be rigorous.

Learning The Game By Sachin Tendulkar Question 3.
What did serve as a very personal cocaching manual to Sachin?
Answer:
Initially, Ajit accompanied Sachin for the practice sessions by bus and he would talk to him about the nuances of batting. The note that Ajit gave Sachin containing some thoughts about batting served as a very personal coaching manual to him.

Learning The Game Summary Question 4.
Why was Sachin asked to change the school?
Answer:
Sachin was asked to change the school because he wanted to pursue cricket as his career.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Book Answers Question 5.
What was the condition laid down by Sachin’s father for changing the school?
Answer:
Sachin’s father made Sachin understand that he could change school only if he was serious about playing cricket.

Question 6.
How did the act with the one rupee coin help Sachin become a good cricketer?
Answer:
Winning the one-rupee coin used to give him immense satisfaction and taught him how to concentrate even when physically drained. The drive to get the one rupee for himself surely helped Sachin to survive the last fifteen minutes of his rigorous training and strive hard to survive all the bowlers and sixty to seventy boys who fielded him.

Question 7.
What did help Sachin to build his physical and mental stamina?
Answer:
The final part of the training for a day would be running two full circuits at Shivaji Park with his pads and gloves on. It was a routine he would repeat right through his summer holidays and it helped him to build his physical and mental stamina.

Question 8.
Which incident triggered the coach to be angry on Sachin?
Answer:
Achrekar, the coach was indeed angry on Sachin when he played with his friends at home having fun and not turning up for cricket coaching giving lame excuses.

Question 9.
Why do you think Achrekar punised Sachin?
Answer:
Achrekar knew that Sachin was a promising cricketer the world would one day look at with awe. Therefore, he punished Sachin.

Question 10.
‘I owe myself to him ’ – What does Sachin mean by this?
Answer:
All the fame, popularity, wealth and recognition that Sachin gets today is because of his coach Achrekar. Hence he says, ‘I owe myself to him.’

Additional Questions

Question 1.
How old was Sachin when he started to train under Achrekar?
Answer:
Sachin was eleven when he started to train under Achrekar.

Question 2.
What was the similarity between Sachin and his coach?
Answer:
Achrekar was eleven when he started playing cricket in 1943 and Sachin was also eleven when he went to Achrekar for the first time. ,

Question 3.
Quote a couple of instances from the text that show Sachin’s love for cricket from early childhood.
Answer:
From a very early age, I played tennis-ball cricket with my colony friends. I loved watching cricket on television and, I often tried to emulate the mannerisms of my favourite players. These lines from the text show Sachin’s love for cricket from early childhood.

Question 4.
How did the school Shardashram Vidyamandir differ from other schools in Mumbai?
Answer:
Compared to many other schools in Mumbai, Shardashram Vidyamandir gave importance to the game of cricket. It was all the more different since Achrekar Sir was the cricket coach too.

Question 5.
In which year was Sachin Tendulkar a part of the World Cup-winning team for India?
Answer:
Sachin Tendulkar was a part of the World Cup-winning team for India in 2011.

Question 6.
What was the suggestion given by Ajit to Coach Achrekar that helped Sachin to overcome his nervousness?
Answer:
Ajit suggested that Sir Achrekar, the coach should go away while Sachin was batting and then watch him from a distance since he was confident of his brother’s talent.

Question 7.
“The system worked well – apart from my pockets.” What is the ‘system’ referred to here by Sachin?
Answer:
Sachin had only one set of cricket clothes. So he had to wash them as soon as he returned from the morning session. He repeated the same process in the evening so that he could use the same set of clothes the next day. This was the ‘system’ referred to here.

Question 8.
This regular demand was “a little unreasonable.” What was the unreasonable demand? Why?
Answer:
Sachin would ask his father to treat him with a special fruit cocktail. He did not realize that his parents also had to take care of the needs of his brothers and sisters. Hence this was an unreasonable demand.

Question 9.
Why was Sachin asked by the bus conductor to buy two tickets?
Answer:
When Sachin had to stand in the bus with his kitbag, the conductors would complain about his , kitbag taking up the space of another passenger. So they would ask him to buy two tickets.

Question 10.
What would Achrekar do if Sachin did not turn up for coaching?
Answer:
If Sachin did not turn up for coaching, Achrekar would jump on his scooter to find him having fun with his friends at home. He would drag him out of the house and together head towards Shivaji Park to pursue practice. .

B. Answer the following in a paragraph of 120 – 150 words:

1. ‘Achrekar was a sincere coach’. Substantiate.
Answer:
Ramakant Achrekar started playing Cricket in the year 1943 when he was eleven. His most famous student is undoubtedly Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar, India’s Highest run scorer in both Tests and ODIs and also the current record holder for multiple records! He has been instrumental in grooming some of the country’s most renowned cricketers like Vinod Kambli, Ajit Agarkar and Romesh Powar.

Achrekar coached young cricketers at Shivaji Park, Dadar in Mumbai. Sachin trained under him when he too was just eleven, while he was a student at the New English School, Mumbai. Later Sachin was asked to change to Shardashram Vidyamandir, Mumbai where he coached. When he was young, Tendulkar would practice for hours and hours in the nets. If he became exhausted, Achrekar would put a one-rupee-coin on the top of the stumps, and the bowler who dismissed Tendulkar would get the coin.

If Tendulkar passed the whole session without getting dismissed, the coach would give him the coin. Such a motivational reward from the coach made Tendulkar strive and survive to win the coin. Tendulkar recalled an incident when his coach told him to play for ‘B’ team of his School. Instead of batting, he preferred sitting in the gallery and cheering for his schoolmates. In the evening, when he came across Achrekar, he was asked how many runs he had scored. Taken aback, Tendulkar told him that he was clapping and cheering up. Then came a slap which shattered his myth. He realized what a mistake he had committed. Achrekar told him firmly that he was not born to just clap for others but for others to watch him and clap for him.

Question 2.
Narrate in your own words the hardships underwent by Sachin to become a great cricketer.
Answer:
Ajit, one day, took his brother Sachin to the Achrekar Sir’s camp to get trained. Sachin was nervous and failed miserably in front of him. Ajit asked the coach to give him another chance and observe him unawares. This time, Sir agreed to let him join the camp. The camp involved a session every morning and evening at Shivaji Park. He would practice between 7.30 a.m. and 10.30 a.m. in the morning. Then he would come back in the afternoon and practice till late evening. The schedule was rigorous and he would be exhausted by the end of the day. Travelling to Shivaji Park took forty minutes from his house in Bandra and he had to catch an early morning bus to make it on time.

As a child, he had only one set of cricket clothes and the routine was to wash them as soon as he returned to wear it for the next session. By the middle of the summer camp, Sir had started taking an active interest in his batting and at the end of the two months, informed Ajit that he had the potential to be a good cricketer if he practiced all year round. In his first year at Shardashram, he played fifty five practice matches during the summer break of sixty days. His summer sessions used to start at 7.30 am and end at 4.30 pm.

His evening session would start at 5 pm after a thirty-minute break. Between 5 pm and 7 pm he would have five more net sessions. Towards the last 15 minutes, every bowler in the camp would come and bowl to him, with some sixty to seventy boys fielding. At the end of it all., Sir would tell hi to run two full circuits of Shivaji Park with his pads and gloves on. That was the last part of his training and he would be completely exhausted by the end of it all. It was a routine he would repeat right through his summer holidays.

Question 3.
Quote the sentences which you find most inspiring from ‘Learning the Game’. How do they inspire you? Explain.
Answer:
Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar, the world famous cricketer has set many records in his career and is considered as one of the greatest Batsman of all times. ‘I often tried to emulate the mannerisms of my favorite players, Sunil Gavaskar and the West Indian legend Viv Richards.’ – This is one of the inspiring sentences to me.

If Sachin can emulate and have a role model, how important it is for me to find my role model to pursue my career, ‘Winning the one-rupee coin used to give me immense satisfaction and taught me how to concentrate even when physically drained. ’ – Rewards are surely a big motivational factor. Hence, it is quite important that we fix a target and strive hard even during dire circumstances that we should be focused to achieve in life.

‘I didn’t have the money for a second ticket and I had to learn to take these remarks in my stride. ’ – Life is full of ups and downs. We should never yield to any kind of pressure and give up easily. Life is a mixture of success and failure and the road to success is never a bed of roses. We should be ready to tread on a rough path with many pitfalls. However, we need to be determined and perseverant in our journey. Above all the words from the coach is the most inspiring. It penetrates into your heart to know the purpose of your life. It pierces your heart and makes you be focused and chase your dream. ‘Cricket is waiting for you at the nets. Practice hard and see what magic can transpire.’

Additional Questions:

Question 1.
The child in Sachin is indeed clear in the lesson, ‘Learning the Game’ – Substantiate.
answer:
The nervousness in a child is vivid in Sachin. He has never batted in the nets and feels somewhat overawed with so many people around him when Aj it takes him to be trained under Achrekar Sir. When he is asked to bat, he is not at all comfortable since he is very childish and not career oriented. With Sir watching him so closely, he fails to make an impact in his future coach. His nervousness takes a sixer, with his coach pretending to be engaged with other things and manages to impress Achrekar sir.

Even though Sachin loved cricket, there were occasions when playing with his friends at home was more fun for him than going for practice. He would conveniently forget going to the nets. He would be engrossed in a melee with his friends. Just as a kid would give excuses, he too would give umpteen number of lame excuses. He would sometimes bunk his daily evening practice to just watch an inter-school cricket match not realizing that he needs to practice for the whole world to watch him play

Vocabulary:

C. Match the words in column A with their synonym in column B.

Answers:

1. (c)
2. (e)
3. (b)
4. (a)
5. (d)

D. Match the words in column A with their antonym in column B.

E. Homonyms

Homonyms are words with similar sound and spelling, but with a different meaning.
Use the words given below in your own sentences so as to get different meanings. One is done for you.

Answer:

F. Homophones

Homophones are words with similar sound but different spelling and meaning.
Consult a dictionary, to find the homophones for the given words.

Answers:

1. inn
2. no
3. bee
4. two
5. what
6. write
7. where
8. bear
9. heard
10. thrown

G. Prefix and Suffix

Prefixes are added to the beginning of a root word while suffixes are added to the end.
Look at the prefixes given and frame two new words for each prefix and suffix. One is done for you.

Answers:
2. untold, unwise
3. reunion, rewind
4. enrol, enroute
5. disorganised, disoriented
6. irregular, irresponsible

Answers:
2. distributor, accelerator
3. typewriter, malpractitioner
4. kindness, unpleasantness
5. electrician, academician
6. economist, nutritionist

Listening:

H. Listen to the passage on Paralympics and choose the correct answer.

(For listening to the passage refer to our website www.fullcircleeducation.in) The Olympic Games began in Greece about three thousand years ago. All wars stopped for the Olympics in those days. The discus and the Pentathlon began in these early Olympic Games. In 394 the Romans stopped the Greek Olympic Games, because they didn’t like them. In 1896, Frenchman – Pierre de Coubertin began the Olympic Games again. These days the Olympic Games usually happen every four years.

But how did the Paralympics for disabled begin? In the 1940s Sir Ludwig Guttmann was a doctor at the Stoke Mandeville hospital in England. At the hospital there were many disabled soldiers from World War II and Guttmann wanted these soldiers to get better by doing sports. The Paralympics are younger than the Olympics, but they are getting bigger all the time. The first true Paralympic Games happened in Rome in 1960.

Four hundred disabled athletes from twenty-three different countries came to these Games. At the Beijing Paralympics in 2008, there were 4,000 disabled athletes from 144 countries! These days there are Paralympic Games every four years, and because it’s easier for Paralympic athletes to stay in Olympic hotels and to run in Olympic stadiums, the Paralympics usually happen in the Olympic cities, too. Think of swimming with only one leg against people with two legs. Think of running with artificial legs. Think of playing basketball in a wheelchair. Disabled people can do some wonderful things!

1. The Paralympic games are for ……………….. .
(a) children
(b) disabled people
(c) women
Answer:
(b) disabled people

2. The Paralympic games usually happen ………………… .
(a) in Greece
(b) every four years
(c) after the Olympic Games
Answer:
(c) after the Olympic Games

3. The first true Paralympic Games happened in Rome in ……………… .
(a) 1960
(b) 1952
(c) 1848
Answer:
(a) 1960

4. In 394 BCE, the ………………. stopped the Greek Olympic Games, because they didn’t like them.
(a) Romans
(b) Greeks
(c) British
Answer:
(a) Romans

5. ……………… was a doctor at the Stoke Mandeville hospital in England.
(a) Pierre de Coubertin
(b) Sir Ludwig Guttmann
(c) Natalie du Toit
Answer:
(b) Sir Ludwig Guttmann

Speaking:

I. Given below are five main qualities for true sportsmanship.

Get into groups of four. Each group will choose one quality to talk about to the whole class for about one minute. But before you talk, you have two minutes to think about it. You can make notes if you wish.

Group A: Determination
It is said that desire is the key to motivation, but it is determination and commitment to an unrelenting pursuit, a commitment to excellence, that will help in attaining the success. Being determined gives strength to push. Even when you don’t want to, just knowing you should will give you that extra bump in right direction.

All great achievers in life have made it where they are today due to their hard work, commitment and determination. Everything is work in progress at some point and with the strength of determination it becomes an achievement in time. Prioritizing your life helps you keep your goals in check and likewise makes them easier to accomplish.

Michael Jordon’s high school basketball coach refused to take him in the team. Jordan did not agree or accept what his coach said. Everyday after school he practiced and practiced and practiced. He did not give up until he sunk one thousand successful shots. His determination drove him to achieve ultimate success in life. With the help of a good set of priorities to overcome and conquer the reflection he faced, when his coach told him he was not good enough, he succeeded over all.

Group B: Optimization
Optimization is the process of adjusting a trading system in an attempt to make it effective. Some people think that the best kind of life is one that is filled with family. Some may think that it is concerning living life without any regrets and being prosperous, healthy and having someone to share it all with.

Making choices can affect any and everything in life. According to George Terry, “Decision making is the selection based on some criteria from two or more possible alternatives.” It is . part of problem solving. Optimization is making the maximum use or benefit of that right decision taken. Schooling is imperative in ones early period of life. Where to study has always been a choice that parents take for giving quality education. To tap the maximum, the parent try to optimize the sources available.

No one in this world wants less. Everything must be perfect. From the household machines to stationeries, tools, equipment, furniture, house, etc., its output must be maximum.

True optimization is the revolutionary contribution of modem research to decision processes.

Group C: Stamina
“Champions aren’t made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them – a desire, a dream, a vision. They have to have last-minute stamina, they have to be a little faster, they have to have the skill and the will. But the will must be stronger than the skill.” – Muhammad Ali.

Stamina not only refers to physical strength but mental strength too -the grit. It is the ability to sustain over time, to call from ourselves renewed commitment and effort when we are confronted with challenges or hardship. Stamina helps in tolerating discomfort and reach for resources we are not certain we possess. Stamina means that we remain steadfast even through criticism, monotony, and discouraging odds.

When a person is able to accomplish or withstand a higher amount of effort than their original capabilities, their endurance is increasing which to many personnel indicates progress in looking to improve ones stamina. If higher repetitions are taken rapidly muscle strength improves. A gain in stamina decreases anxiety, depression and stress. Stamina is the ability of a force to sustain high levels of combat potential relative to its opponent. Thus stamina refers to keep going through a tough situation involving hardship, stress, etc.

Group D: Perseverance
A patient person with strong determination can achieve his goal by perseverance. Perseverance is the secret of success. Without it, no great achievement is possible. Every action has its reaction. So hard labour has no alternative. It must yield results. “Rome was not built in a day;” likewise monuments, palaces, forts, etc., were built only by long and hard labour. It is through perseverance of thousands of diligent men that such magnificent structures can be erected.

Perseverance means the constant or persistent dedication of efforts, time and mind in doing some activity irrespective of difficulties and delays in achieving the ultimate goal or success. In the ecosystem, survival of fittest also relates to the perseverance mechanism. Success need not always be in the bags of intelligent people. There are some intelligent people who are reluctant and lethargic; so they don’t use their ideas, skills or even labour in the right way. On the other hand, one who is determined, focused and does not give up by facing failures achieves the final goal. “Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance.”

Group E: Decisiveness
The core quality of a leader is decisiveness. When decisions need to be made effective leaders gather facts, analyse the situation, consider alternatives and decide the best course of action. Decisiveness is a great quality that does not allow you to procrastinate or stand around wringing the hands. They move on. Decisive leaders understand that their decisions may not be perfect and therefore modifications . may be needed. They don’t hesitate to modify or alter their decisions. Making good decision is too important to be left to chance. Emotions have a huge influence over the quality of decision making, preventing from making sound judgements.

Decisiveness is the willingness to make decisions, even in the face of complexity or uncertainty. When we are decisive, we weigh the information that is available to us and we use our judgement to choose among the possibilities. It is easier to be decisive when we are clear about our values and goals. Perfect clarity will never be available and indecision can be costly. So taking decision and going ahead in the plan is important. Decisiveness is dare to do with right motive, which is an essential quality every person must acquire.

J. Prepare a speech in about 80-100 words for the morning assembly, stressing on the importance of games and sports in ensuring a healthy body and mind.

Life is a game and the world is a playground. We have to play the game of life with all our energy and courage. Games and sports help us to learn how to overcome the challenges of life. A sound mind lives only in a sound body. Sports and games are useful for the students who must have a balanced development of the body as well as the mind.

Education is incomplete without games. Games are necessary to keep the body fit and trim. Moreover, they provide recreation. Students feel happier in a playground than in a classroom. Games also teach us that we should play a game for game’s sake, not for victory or defeat. Games and sports also produce a sense of equality, co-operation and fraternity.

Writing:

K. Your friend who lives in another town/city has won his/her championship trophy in the recent sports meet. Write a letter congratulating him/her.
27 May 2019 Chennai
Dear Ancy,
Congratulations on winning the Championship Trophy in the sports meet held in Gachibowli Athletic Stadium in Hyderabad. We knew you will rock. You are bom to win. I heard you received gold medals in 100 m and 200 m dash, a silver medal in 4 x 100 m relay, and another silver in 100 m hurdles. That’s great. You have got such medals here in our school. Even in the State meet you have kept up your standard. Very good! Hats off to you!!! We are waiting here to hear from you the experience that you underwent and who was your tough competitor. Awaiting eagerly to listen from you. I hope you will be back soon. Bye.
Yours friendly
Kanmani

Address on the envelope:

L. Collect information from newspapers, magazines, periodicals and books about any two famous sportswomen. Prepare their profiles. Use the following format:

Answer:

Creative Writing:

M. Write a newspaper article in about 100 words, comparing the achievements of the two sportswomen based on the information you have already collected.
Two Sports Women
Sakshi Malik, an Indian wrestler from Haryana was bom on 3rd September 1992. P.V. Sindhu the Indian Badminton player was bom on 5 th July 1995. Both of them have given their presence in International Debut in the year 2009 and 2014 respectively. Both of them participated and won medals in 2016 Rio Olympics, after which they were awarded Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award in India. They hold innumerable records both National and International. . Sakshi has been incredible as she comes from a land where they kill daughters in the womb itself. From such a setting, she came up taking a masculine sport, broke all odds and finally made the country proud. From Sindhu the country can learn the importance of being a good student of the game, and also about what you can do when you have the best coaches around.

Reading:

N. Answer the following questions briefly.

Question 1.
What do Tamil Nadu folk dances and folk arts represent?
Answer:
Tamil Nadu is deeply rooted in a great tradition of folk arts and crafts, which display the customs and skills that have come down from generations. The folk music and dances of Tamil Nadu represent the ethos, aesthetics, values and melody of the region.

Question 2.
When are folk dances and folk music usually performed?
Answer:
Traditionally, folk dances and music are performed during festivals and community functions.

Question 3.
How is Karagattam performed?
Answer:
Karagattam is a popular folk dance of Tamil Nadu, which involves balancing a pot on the head to musical accompaniment. The Karagam pots are decorated with a cone of flower arrangements, topped by a paper parrot. The parrot swings as the dancer swings along.

Question 4.
How were offerings carried during the ancient period?
Answer:
Kavadi Aattam is one of the predominant folk dances of Tamil Nadu. A Kavadi is made of bamboo strips and a light pole. When the ancient Tamils went on pilgrimages, they used to carry offerings tied on either end of a long stick, balanced on their shoulders. To lessen the boredom of the long travel, they sang and danced in praise of God. Kavadi Aattam traces its origin to this practice. This led to the composition of special songs for carrying the Kavadi.

Question 5.
Bring out a few differences between the two art forms Therukoothu and Bommalattam.
Answer:
Bommalattam or Puppetry is held in rural areas of Tamil Nadu during festivals and fairs. Skilled puppeteers manipulate the puppets with strings or wires. They stand behind a screen and the puppets are held in front. The puppetry depicts stories mainly from the Puranas, epics and folklore. Even during Indian freedom struggle, the awareness programmes for the common people were conducted through puppet shows to instill patriotism among the people. Therukoothu is usually conducted during village festivals in the months of Aadi and Panguni. In this dance form, make-up and costumes are considered very important. It is performed on the streets and in open air. The performance involves storytelling, songs, dance and dialogue rendering.

Anagrams:

O. An anagram is a word or a phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once.

Answers:

1. Bowel
2. Notices
3. Review
4. Slipper
5. Lessened

P. Work with a partner

Pick out two words from the article on folk culture and folklore of Tamil Nadu with which you can form anagrams. Take turns and ask your partner to solve the anagram and come out with the right words.

Answers:

1. Spice
2. Dame
3. Stop
4. Raw
5. Aspire
6. From
7. Bedroom
8. Shore
9. Once
10. Raptor

A Talk Show:

Q. Work in groups of 4-6. Choose one folk art form, that is rarely or no longer performed.

Find out the reasons for this and suggest practical solutions/steps that can be taken to prevent this. After discussion and research, conduct a talk show in the class on the topic FOLK ARTS -AREVIVAL. The following inputs will help you.

Each group will consist of the following members.
1. The host
2. A folk artist
3. A representative from an NGO engaged in reviving some of the dying folk arts
4. A student
5. A citizen from the city
NOTE: Your teacher will distribute role cards with cues to each member of the group to help . you play your roles.
A suggestive article is given here. Students can arrange the Talk Show under the guidance of their teacher.

Dhokhra Handicraft:
Dhokra handicraft is a wax casting technique which has been in India for more than 4,000 years. One of the earliest known artifacts is the ‘Dancing Girl’ of Mohenjo-daro. In modem times, this rare art form is the speciality of the Bastar region, a district in Chhattisgarh. The native tribes of the region are practicing the art and their products are in great demand in domestic and foreign markets because of primitive simplicity, enchanting folk motifs and forceful form. However, the art is dying and no one has been able to come up with a technology to save it.

Grammar:

A. Choose the most appropriate preposition from the brackets.

1. We have been living in Chennai ……………. eight years, (for / since)
2. Abdul has taken his ……………… father, (after / at)
3. Vimal generally goes to his workplace ………….. bus. (by / on)
4. The cricket ball was hidden …………. the leaves, (among / between)
5. Mani divided his toys ………………. his brothers and sisters, (among / between)

Answers :

1. for
2. after
3. by
4. among
5. among

B. Identify the prepositions in the given sentences and underline them.

1. Riya borrowed a dress from me and lent it to her friend, Mary.
2. When I moved back to the city, things had changed considerably.
3. The burglar found the keys under the pot in the balcony.
4. Prabhu was hiding behind the door when his sister came looking for him.
5. My dog sat on my hat and squashed it.

Answers:

1. Riya borrowed a dress from me and lent it to her friend, Mary.
2. When I moved back to the city, things had changed considerably.
3. The burglar found the keys under the pot m the balcony.
4. Prabhu was hiding behind the door when his sister came looking for him.
5. My dog sat on my hat and squashed it.

C. Complete the passage by filling in appropriate prepositions from the list- (with, out, to, in, from, during, of, for, by). Some prepositions may be used more than once.

In Tamil Nadu, a very interesting form of recitation named Villupattu developed (a) …………… the 15th century. Villupattu means bow-song because a bow-shaped musical instrument (b) ……………….. strong high tension string is used (c) ……………… placing it (d) …………….. an earthen pitcher. It is believed that this narrative form was an invention (e) ……………….. Arasa Pulavar. The troupe gives its performance mostly (f) ……………….. temple festivals. There are seven to eight persons in a troupe who form a kind (g) ………………… chorus that supports the main singer-narrator. When the chief narrator sings, the chorus takes (h) ……………… the refrain (i) ………………. the song and repeats it in unison. The whole party sits (j) ………………… the ground and performs (k) ……………… a lot (l) ……………. gesticulation and facial expression to suit the narrative they have taken. The ballad style songs are composed (m) …………………… the rural dialect which appeals (n) ………………… the audience who sometimes join the troupe (o) …………….. suitable notes or words.
Answers
(a) during (b) with (c) for (d) in (e) by (f) during (g) of (h) out (i) from (j) on (k) with (l) of (m) in (n) to (o) with

D. Frame sentences using the prepositional phrases given in the box.

1. Students can benefit from knowing the basic parts of a sentence.
2. When Ram was away from home, his brother had to stand in his place to take over all his responsibilities.
3. An overnight stay at a luxury hotel was a cherished experience for Naanika.
4. My daughter has decided to go into freelance computer programming.
5. Santosh prepared for the NEET exam as his ambition was to become doctor.
6. Teachers make students pay for their mistakes.
7. Don’t rely on local weather reports.
8. Students like to joke about their friends.
9. A crew consisting of ten members was appointed for rescuing the victims.
10. A nurse is attending to him after surgery.

E. Given below is a picture of a carnival. Complete the factual description by filling in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.

a festive look, as the open spaces are cleaned, spruced up and decorated (a) ……………. colourful streamers. People throng the premises (b) ……………… catch a glimpse (c) …………….. their village deity (d) ………………. a magnificently decorated chariot, and pay their respects. There is a big crowd (e) …………….. the food stalls that serve free piping hot sakkaraipongal (sweet pongal), lemon rice and curd rice. People (f) ………………. nearby villages and towns display their wares attractively, and call out loudly (g) ……………….. the people (h) ……………….. buy their wares. Cotton candy, cut raw mangoes smothered (i) ……………. salt and chilly powder, boiled groundnuts, murukku, sweets, buttermilk, etc., are sold. Men, women, grandmas, grandpas and little children dressed (j) …………………… their best clothes, enjoy the Thiruvizha greatly. You can hear the shrieks (k) ……………… happy children enjoying the rides on ferris wheels and carousels, elders looking (l) ……………………. each other with smiles on their faces. The entire day is spent (m) …………… fun and gaiety. All the village people irrespective of their age, look forward (n) ………………. the thiruvizha every year.
Answers
(a) with (b) to (c) of (d) in (e) near (f) from (g) to (h) to (i) with (j) up in (k) of (l) at (m) with (n) to

Writing:

You stayed with your grandparents at your native village during Pongal. You had an unforgettable time with them. You visited the village fair and enjoyed the simple pleasures of life like bathing in the river, strolling in the fields, eating food cooked in earthen utensils over firewood, sleeping on a cot on the terrace under the star-lit sky, visiting temple fairs and watching Karagattam presentation.

F. Write a letter to your friend, describing the joy of celebrating festivals in a village, with the inputs given above.
21 Jan 2019 Chennai
Dear Manju,
Hope you celebrated the Pongal festival with great joy. I went to my village for the festival holidays this time. It was the most joyous and memorable period of my life. I shall never forget this. You live in city and for you a festival means a holiday and you can wake up late. Then eat all the delicacies prepared by your mum and go for a new released movie or watch television at home. Here in village, they gather in a common place and celebrate. All of them rise early and actively participate in the rituals. All the ladies make pongal and offer it to Sun God as a
mark of thanksgiving. On the third day of festival, we went to fair and played on giant wheel and merry-go-round. We ate lots of fresh made native delicacies like raw mango with chilli powder and salt, palmyra sprout, vada of different varieties, appam, etc. Then we watched the dancers performing folk dances. We also went to the river, to swim and then bathe in the water. Since I didn’t know swimming, I just took a bath. Time was spent observing and being with nature. It was full of fun! The joy of celebrating festivals in a village is truly unforgettable.
Yours friendly, Deepa
Address on the envelope:

Project:

G. Your class has to stage a Puppet Show in the Assembly Open Forum on the topic ‘Child Labour’. Divide yourselves into groups and discuss the requirements for the presentation like storyline, characters, dialogues, choice of puppets and music for the interlude: Now complete the dialogues given below.

Ramesh : Let us, present a Puppet Show on CHILD LABOUR for our Assembly Open Forum.
Mohammed : That is a very good idea! Let us start planning right away.
Geetha : (1) ……………………………………………………………………………. ?
Leema : I suggest we begin with the storyline first.
Mani : How (2) ………………………………………………………………..?
Ramesh : We can have around five characters.
Mohammed : What (3) ………………………………………………………… ?
Meena : We can focus on the problems of poverty and illiteracy as the major reasons for child labour.
Ramesh : Can (4) …………………………………………………………………… ?
Leema : I am good at making stick puppets. I will make them myself. But I require some help.
Mani : I (5) ………………………………………………………. Tell me, (6) ……………………………………………. .
Leema : Thank you, Mani. Let us stay back after the meeting and discuss.
Ramesh : Have (7) ………………………………………………………………………………… ?
Meena : I think we should have some music for the interlude.
Geetha : That would make it really interesting. I will get my music group to start working on the tunes for our puppet show.
Answers

1. We need to discuss about storyline, characters, dialogues, choice of puppets and music for the interlude.
2. How many characters do we need then?
3. What is the ideal topic for puppet show of ours?
4. Can I explore the market for buying some good stick puppets?
5. I can help out.
6. Tell me, how and when to begin.
7. Have we arranged some musical instruments for background music?

Learning the Game by Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar About The Author:

Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar (bom 24 April 1973) is a former Indian international cricketer, acknowledged worldwide as one of the greatest batsmen of all time. A prodigy, Tendulkar took up cricket at the age of eleven. He made his Test debut at the age of sixteen, and went on to captain the Indian national team. Popularly known as the Master Blaster, he is the first batsman to score a double century in a One Day International. Indian cricket followers often call him the God of Cricket. He was a part of the Indian team that won the 2011 World Cup, his first win in six World Cup appearances for India. In 2012, Tendulkar was nominated to the Rajya Sabha. He retired from cricket on 16 November 2013. ‘Learning the Game’ is an extract from his autobiography Playing it My Way.

Learning the Game Summary:

This prose is a tribute by the maestro of cricket, Sachin Tendulkar, to his coach Ramakant Achrekar. It was Achrekar who moulded Sachin towards a proper career in the field of his interest. Sachin’s elder brother Ajit was instrumental in helping him evolve as a great cricketer. Right from his childhood, Sachin tried to copy the batting and bowling styles of his favourite cricketers. He was studying in the New English School, Mumbai. When Sachin was 11, Ajit introduced him to the famous cricketer Ramakant Achrekar, who was coach at the Shardashram Vidyamandir High School.

In the first meeting, the young Sachin could not impress Achrekar. Ajit realised that Sachin , was not able to display his natural gameunder the pressure of being observed. tlponihe insistence of Ajit, Achrekar gave Sachin another chance at playing. This time, Achrekar watched while hiding behind a tree. Sachin played much better and was accented at Achrekar’scamp.

The training was rigorous as it involved sessions every morning and evening at Shivaji Park. In between the sessions, Sachin would attend his school. He had only one set of cricket clothes, which he washed after each session to wear for the next But the clothes would hardly dry and he had to play with wet pockets always. Sachin had a potential to be a good cricketer but his school did not have cricket facilities. Upon Achrekar’s advice, Sachin joined Shardashram Vidyamandir, which had produced many notable cricketers.

In the first year at Shardashram, Sachin played fifty-five practice matches during the summer break of sixty days. Every day, towards the last 15 minutes of the net sessions, Achrekar would place a one rupee coin on top of the stumps. Sachin would get . the coin if he managed to avoid getting out. Winning die coin taught him how to concentrate even when extremely tired. The routine helped him build up physical and mental stamina.

Travelling back home was another challenge. On some days, when his father came to pick him, he demanded for special fruit cocktail and his loving father would oblige. On other days, if he managed to get a seat in the bus, he would fall asleep. If not, he would just stand with the kitbag. The rude conductors would sometimes ask him to buy two tickets, complaining that he took up the space of another passenger. To avoid further embarrassment, Sachin would hide his dirty clothes by wrapping the kitbag around him.

There were times when Sachin missed the camp to play with his friends. Achrekar would find him out and drag him to practice, refusing to listen to his excuses. At that time, Sachin hated being dragged off, but later he felt sheepish about his actions and admired Achrekar’s farsightedness. Had it not been for Achrekar, Sachin would not be the cricketer he turned out to be.

Learning the Game Glossary:

Textual:
bunked – to make one self absent from a class or session.
cocktail – a mixed frink which is a combination of ongredients such as fruit juice, lemonade, flavored syrup or cream.
deteriorated – became worse
emulate – to match or surpass typically by imitation.
embarrassment – a feeling of self – conscious, shame or awkwardness
farsightedness – showing a prudent awamess of future possibilities
induction – the action or process of including someone to an organization
influence – the capacity to have an effect on the character development
kitbag – a long cylindrical canvas bag, (here) used to carry cricket access
melee – a confused crowd of people
nuances – subtle changes in or shades of meaning, expression, or sound
overawed – impressed so much that they are silent or inhibited
passion – strong desire
peer – person of same age, status or ability
pursue – follow or chase
rigorous – extremely thorough and careful
stamina – the ability to sustain or prolonged physical and mental effort
stride – a step or stage in progress towards an aim
transpire – come to be known, revealed
ultimately – being the best or most extreme example

Additional:
anticipating – expecting
inevitably – in an essential manner
occasionally – at times
potential – the inherent capacity of a person
sheepish – showing a sense of shame

Synonyms:

bunked – escaped
pretend – make-believe
channelled – transmitted
rigorous – strict
impact – affect
suggested – advised
invariably – constantly
scrutinizing – inspecting
nervous – anxious
unreasonable – excessive

Antonyms:

accept × reject
exhausted × unexhausted
asleep × awake
forget × remember
conveniently × inconveniently
insane × sane
difficult × easy
rude × polite
embarrassment × disembarrassment, relief
waste × conserve