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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science History Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 New Religious Ideas and Movements

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science New Religious Ideas and Movements Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answer:

New Religious Ideas And Movements Question 1.
Who of the following composed songs on Krishna putting himself in the place of mother Yashoda?
(a) Poigaiazhwar
(b) Periyazhwar
(c) Nammazhwar
(d) Andal
Answer:
(b) Periyazhwar

New Religious Ideas And Movements Questions And Answers Question 2.
Who preached the Advaita philosophy?
(a) Ramanujar
(b) Ramananda
(c) Nammazhwar
(d) Adi Shankara
Answer:
(d) Adi Shankara

New Religious Ideas And Movements 7th Standard Question 3.
Who spread the Bhakthi ideology in northern India and made it a mass movement?
(a) Vallabhacharya
(b) Ramanujar
(c) Ramananda
(d) Surdas
Answer:
(c) Ramananda

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 7th Social Science Question 4.
Who made Chishti order popular in India?
(a) Moinuddin Chishti
(b) Suhrawardi
(c) Amir Khusru
(d) Nizamuddin Auliya
Answer:
(a) Moinuddin Chishti

New Religious Ideas And Movements In Tamil Question 5.
Who is considered their first guru by the Sikhs?
(a) Lehna
(b) Guru Amir Singh
(c) GuruNanak
(d) Guru Gobind Singh
Answer:
(c) GuruNanak

II. Fill in the Blanks.

  1. Periyazhwar was earlier known as ______
  2. ______ is the holy book of the Sikhs.
  3. Meerabai was the disciple of ______
  4. philosophy is known as Vishistadvaita ______
  5. Gurudwara Darbar Sahib is situated at ______ in Pakistan.

Answer:

  1. Vishnu Chittar
  2. Guru Granth Sahib
  3. Ravi das
  4. Ramanuja’s
  5. Karatarpur

III. Match the following.

Pahul – Kabir
Ramcharitmanas – Sikhs
Srivaishnavism – Abdul-Wahid Abu Najib
Granthavali – Guru Gobind Singh
Suhrawardi – Tulsidas

Answer:

Pahul – Sikhs
Ramcharitmanas – Tulsidas
Srivaishnavism – Ramanuja
Granthavali – Kabir
Suhrawardi – Abdul-Wahid Abu Najib

IV. Find out the right pair/pairs:

(1) Andal – Srivilliputhur
(2) Tukaram – Bengal
(3) Chaitanyadeva – Maharashtra
(4) Brahma-sutra – Vallabacharya
(5) Gurudwaras – Sikhs
Answer:
(1) Andal – Srivilliputhur
(5) Gurudwaras – Sikhs

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Guide Question 2.
Assertion (A): After Guru Gobind Singh, the holy book Guru Granth Sahib came to be considered the guru.
Reason (R): Guru Gobind Singh was the compiler of Guru Granth Sahib.
(a) R is not the correct explanation of A
(b) R is the correct explanation of A
(c) A is correct but R is wrong
(d) Both A and R are wrong
Answer:
(c) A is correct but R is wrong

Religious Ideas And Movements Question 3.
Find the odd person out
Poigai Azhwar, Bhoothathu Azhwar, Periazhwar, Andal, Nammazhwar.
Answer:
Andal

V. State true or false:

  1. Sufism was responsible for the spread of Islamic culture.
  2. The best known Sufi sage of the early medieval period was Nizamuddin Auliya of the Chishti order.
  3. Guru Nanak is considered the first guru of Sikhs.
  4. Sufis believed that realization of God can be achieved only through passionate devotion to God and intense meditation.
  5. The basic Tamil Saivite sacred canon consists of 12 books.

Answer:

  1. False
  2. True
  3. True
  4. True
  5. True

VI. Give short answers:

Question 1.
What do you know about Tirumuraii
Answer:
Nambi Andar Nambi (1000 A.D.) is said to have compiled the songs of all of the Nayanmars that form the basis of Tirumurai, the basic Tamil Saivite sacred canon. It consists of 12 books, and 11 of them were assembled by Nambi. The 12th book is Sekkizhar s Periyapuranam.

Question 2.
How many Nayanmars were there and who were prominent among them?
Answer:
There are 63 legendary Nayanmars. Among them, Gnanasampandar, Appar, and Sundarar (often called “the trio”) are worshipped as saints through their images in South Indian temples.

Question 3.
How did Gurunanak help to found Sikhism?
Answer:

  1. Guru Nanak is considered the first guru by the Sikhs.
  2. The teachings of Guru Nanak formed the basis of Sikhism, a new religious order, founded in the late 15th century.
  3. His and his successors’ teachings are collected in the Guru Granth Sahib, which is the holy book of the Sikhs.

Question 4.
What had Tukkaram to do with the Vitthoba temple of Pantharpur?
Answer:
Tukaram, a 17th century saint poet of Maharashtra, is known for his spiritual songs abangas or Kirtanas, devoted to Vitthoba, an avatar of krishna. There is Vitthoba / Panduranga temple at Pantharpur or Pandaripuram in Sholapur district,Maharashtra.

Question 5.
Highlight the spiritual ideas of Kabir that appealed to lower classes.
Answer:

  1. Kabir believed that God is one and formless, even though different religious sects give him different names and forms.
  2. Kabir opposed discrimination on the basis of religion, caste and wealth. He also condemned meaningless rituals.

VIII. Answer the following in detail:

Question 1.
Give an account of the contributions of exponents of Bhakti Movement in the southern as well as northern parts of India.
Answer:

  1. The Azhwars, the Vaishnavite Bhakti sages and the originators of Bhakti cult, and the Nayanmars, the worshipers of Siva or the Saivites, composed devotional hymns in Tamil language, dedicated to their respective gods.
  2. Vishnu-bhakti or Vaishnavism is based on Vishnu’s avatars (incarnations), particularly Krishna and Rama. The 12 Tamil Azhwars are chiefly known for their immortal hymns.
  3. Two Azhwars stand out distinctly for their contribution to the promotion of the Bhakti movement.

(a) AdiShankara:

  1. Adi Shankara or Shankarachariar (c. 700-750 A.D.) preached the Advaita philosophy.
  2. He set up mathas (mutts), centres of learning and worship, at Badrinath, Puri, Dwarka and Sringeri.
  3. His commentary on the Brahma-sutra, which is a fundamental text of the Vedanta school and on the principal Upanishads are considered equally important.

(b) Ramanuja:

  1. Ramanuja, a 11th century Vaishnava saint, was the most influential thinker of Vaishnavism.
  2. He established centres to spread his doctrine of devotion, Srivaishnavism, to God Vishnu and his consort Lakshmi.

Exponents of Bhakti Movement:

  1. Ramananda spread the Bhakti ideology in northern India where it became a mass movement. Vallabhacharya, a Telugu philosopher, built a temple for Lord Krishna on the Govardhan Hills near Mathura. Surdas, a blind poet and musician, was associated with this temple as well as that of Agra. His famous collection of poetry is called Sursagar. Meera Bai, wife of the crown prince of Mewar, was an ardent devotee of Lord Krishna.
  2. Tulsidas’s Hindi retelling of the story of Rama in the Ramcharitmanas, the sentiment of friendship and loyalty is stressed.
  3. Tukaram, a 17th century saint poet of Maharashtra, is known for his spiritual songs (abangas or kirtanas), devoted to Vitthoba, an avatar of Krishna.

Question 2.
What is Sufism? How did it find its footing in India?
Answer:
The advent of Sufis to India dates back to the Arab conquest of Sind. It gained prominence 1 during the reign of the Delhi Sultans. Sufism found adherents among both Muslims and Hindus.

  1. Sufism: The word Sufi takes its origin from suf, meaning wool. The Sufis wore course garments made of wool and hence they were called Sufis. Sufism was basically Islamic but was influenced by Hindu and Buddhist (Mahayana) ideas. It rejected the stringent conduct code of the ulemas. Sufis lived in hermitages akin to monasteries and functioned outside society.
  2. Sufis in medieval India were divided into three major orders. They were Chisti, Suhrawardi and Firdausi.
  3. The best known Sufi sage of the early medieval period was Nizamuddin Auliya of the Chishti order, who had a large number of followers among the ruling class in Delhi.
  4. Suhrawardi order was founded by an Iranian Sufi Abdul-Wahid Abu Najib. The Firdausi order was a branch of Suhrawardi order and its activities were confined to Bihar.

Question 3.
What impact did Bhakti movement make on Indian society?
Answer:

  1. Vedic Hinduism was regenerated and thus saved from the onslaught of Islam.
  2. The Islamic tenets – unity of God and universal brotherhood – emphasised by the saints promoted harmony and peace.
  3. Bhakti was a movement of the common people; it used the language of the common people for its devotional literature.
  4. Bhakti movement opened up space for Indian languages to grow. It stimulated literary activity in regional languages.
  5. What sustained Sanskrit, despite its decline during this period, was the support extended by the rulers of Hindu kingdoms.
  6. Tamil was the only ancient Indian language remained vibrant during this period. Under the influence of devotional cults, its emphasis shifted to religion and religious literature.
  7. Caste system and social disparities came to be criticised.

VIII. HOTS

Question 1.
Examine the statement that the Bhakti movement saved Vedic Hinduism from the onslaught of Islam.
Answer:

  1. The Bhakthi movement emphasised the mutual emotional attachment and love of a devotee towards a personal God and of the God for the devotee.
  2. The Azhwars and Nayanmars contibuted a lot to Tamil literature through their devotional hymns.
  3. They criticised caste – based social status and advocated gender equality
  4. Sages like Ramanuja and Adi Shankara too articulated ideas of social equality. In North India poets like Ramananda, Vallabhacharya and Tulsidas spread the Bhakthi cult through their devotional hymns which could save Vedic Hinduism from the onslaught of Islam.

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science New Religious Ideas and Movements Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
There is only one God, through Hindus and Muslims call him by different names stated __________
(a) Andal
(b) Haridasa
(c) Ramanuja
(d) MeeraBai
Answer:
(b) Haridasa

Question 2.
The Azhwars and the Nayanmars composed devotional hymns in _________ language.
(a) Tamil
(b) Sanksrit
(c) Hindi
(d) Urdu
Answer:
(a) Tamil

Question 3.
The _________ Tamil Azhwars are chiefly known for their immortal hymns.
(a) 10
(b) 15
(c) 12
(d) 13
Answer:
(c)12

Question 4.
_________ is said to have found Andal as a baby in the tulsi garden at Srivilliputhur.
(a) Poigai Azhwar
(b) Pei Azhwar
(c) Nammazhwar
(d) Periyazhvar
Answer:
(d) Periyazhvar

Question 5.
The poems of _________ are used in Vaishnava wedding ceremonies in Tamil Nadu.
(a) Andal
(b) Nathamuni
(c) Periyazhwar
(d) Pei Azhwar
Answer:
(a) Andal

Question 6.
There are _________ legendary Nayanmars.
(a) 54
(b) 63
(c) 60
(d) 50
Answer:
(b) 63

Question 7.
_________ was a blind poet and musician.
(a) Vallabhacharya
(b) Surdas
(c) Tukaram
(d) Chaitanya
Answer:
(b) Surdas

Question 8.
Kabir’s verses were composed in _________ language mixed with Urdu.
(a) Hindi
(b) Oriya
(c) Bhojpuri
(d) Sanskrit
Answer:
(c) Bhojpuri

Question 9.
Poet _________ was one of its distinguished followers of sufism.
(a) Kabir
(b) Surdas
(c) Tukaram
(d) Amir Khusru
Answer:
(d) Amir Khusru

Question 10.
Adi Shankara set up mathas (mutts) in _________ places in India.
(a) 3
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(c) 4

II. Fill in the blanks:

  1. The ______ were the Vaishnavite Bhakti sages.
  2. The ______ were the worshipers of Siva
  3. Nammazhwar’s fame lies in his 1,102-stanza ______
  4. _______ collected the 4,000 poems of Nammazhwar.
  5. The collected of 4,000 poems of Nammazhwar is called _______
  6. The poems of Andal expressing her love for _______ the incarnation of Vishnu.
  7. ________ is said to have compiled the songs Of all the Nayanmars.
  8. Sekkizhar’s wrote _______
  9. After a long pilgrimage, Ramanuja settled in _______
  10. The Vadakalai Vaishnavism originally flourished around _______
  11. Thenkalai Vaishnavism centred on _______
  12. The Panduranga temple is located in _______district, Maharashtra.
  13. The best known Sufi sage of the early medieval period was _______
  14. Kabir came under the influence of Saint _______
  15. Guru Nanak’s teachings were spread through hymns called _______

Answer:

  1. Azhwars
  2. Nayanmars
  3. Tiruvaimozhi
  4. Nathamuni
  5. Divya Prabandham
  6. Ranganatha
  7. Nambi Andar Nambil
  8. Periyapuranantl
  9. Srirangam
  10. Kanchipuram
  11. Srirangam
  12. Sholapur
  13. Nizamuddin Auliya
  14. Ramananda
  15. kirtan

III. Match the following

A B
1. Khalsa – a) Uncut hair
2. Kesh – b) Dagger
3. Kangha – c) The pure
4. kada – d) Comb
5. kirpan – e) Steel bangle

Answer:

  1. c
  2. a
  3. d
  4. e
  5. b

IV. Find out the right pair / pairs.

Question 1.

(1) SivaBhakti – Saivites
(2) Andal – Tirumurai
(3) Kabir – Bijak
(4) Kachera – Dagger
Answer:
(1) Siva Bhakti – Saivites
(3) Kabir – Bijak

Question 2.
Assertion (A): During the Bhakti movement, Sankrit sustained despite its decline.
Reason (R): The Rules of Hindu kingdom extended support to Sanskrit.
(a) R is not the correct explanation of A
(b) R is the correct explanation of A
(c) A is correct and R is wrong
(d) Both A and R are wrong
Answer:
(b) R is the correct explanation of A

Question 3.
Find the odd person out.
Appar, Sekkizhar, Sundarar, Gnanasampandar.
Answer:
Sekkizhar

V. True or False

  1. Several mystical religious movements, in both Hinduism and Islam, freely included elements of different faiths in their teachings.
  2. The Vadakalai sect stressed the importance of Divya Prabandhams.
  3. Vallabhacharya built a temple for Lord Krishna on the Govardhan Hills near Mathura.
  4. Sufism accepted the stringent conduct code of the ulemas.
  5. The message of Guru Granth Sahib is spread by the Khalsa.

Answer:

  1. True
  2. False
  3. True
  4. False
  5. True

VI. Give short Answers.

Question 1.
What did‘The Bhagavad Gita propose?
Answer:
The Bhagavad Gita proposed that the path of bhaktimarga (the path of bhakti) is superior to the two other religious approaches, namely, the path of knowledge (jnana) and the path of rituals and good works (karma), providing inspiration to the exponents of Bhakti cult.

Question 2.
Name the three Muthal Azhwars.
Answer
Three Muthal Azhwars: Poigai Azhwar, Bhoothathu Azhwar and Pei Azhwar.

Question 3.
Name any five eminent Azhwars other than the Muthal Azhwar.
Answer:
Other Azhwars: Thirumalisai Azhwar, Periyazhwar, Thondaradippodi Azhwar, Thirumangai Azhwar, Thiruppanazhwar, Kulasekara Azhwar, Nammazhwar, Mathurakavi Azhwar and Andal.

Question 4.
What was the essence of the ‘Advaita’ philosophy?
Answer:
The essence ofthis philosophy is that the soul (atma) unites with the universal soul (brahma) through the attainment of knowledge.

Question 5.
How were the teachings of Guru Nanak spread?
Answer:
Guru Nanak’s teachings were spread through the group singing of hymns, called kirtan. The devotees gathered in dharmashalas (rest houses), which became gurudwaras in course of’ time.

VIII. Answer in Detail :

Question 1.
Give an account of the growth of Sikhism after the period of Guru Nanak.
Answer:

  1. Guru Nanak nominated his disciple Lehna to succeed him as the guru. Following this
    precedent, the successors are named by the incumbent Sikh Guru.
  2. At the time of Guru Gobind Singh, the custom of pahul (baptism by sweetened water stirred with a dagger) was introduced.
  3. Those who got baptised became members of a disciplined brotherhood known as the Khalsa (meaning the pure).
  4. The men were given the title Singh (lion). Every member of the Khalsa had to have five distinctive things on his person.
  5. These were kesh (uncut hair), kangha (comb), kirpan (dagger), kada (steel bangle) and kachera (underpants).
  6. After Guru Gobind Singh, the holy book Guru Granth Sahib is considered the guru and its message is spread by the Khalsa.