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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology

Kickstart your preparation by using this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 11th Bio Botany Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology Questions and Answers get the max score in the exams. You can cover all the topics of Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology Questions and Answers easily after studying the Tamilnadu State Board 11th Bio Botany Textbook solutions pdf.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Vegetative Morphology Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Choose the correct answer
Samacheer Kalvi Guru 11th Bio Botany Question 1.
Which of the following k polycarpic plant?
(a) Mangifera
(b) Bambusa
(c) Musa
(d) Agave
Answer:
(a) Mangifera

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 11th Botany Question 2.
Roots are …………… .
(a) descending. negatively geotrophic, positively phototrophic
(b) descending, positively geotrophic, negatively phototrophic
(c) ascending, positively geotrophic, negatively phototrophic
(d) ascending, negatively geotrophic, positively phototrophic
Answer:
(b) descending, positively geotrophic, negatively pholotrophic

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Botany Solutions Question 3.
Bryophyllum and Dioscorea are example for …………… .
(a) foliar bud, apical bud
(b) foliar bud, cauline bud
(c) cauline bud, apical bud
(d) cauline bud, foliar bud
Answer:
(b) foliar bud, cauline bud

Question 4.
Which of the following is correct statement?
(a) In Pisum sativum leaflets modified into tendrils
(b) In Atalantia terminal bud is modified into thorns
(c) In Nepenthes midrib is modified into lid
(d) In Smilax inflorescence axis is modified into tendrils
Answer:
(b) In Pisum sativum leaflets modified into tendrils

Question 5.
Select the mismatch pair.
Samacheer Kalvi Guru 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology
Answer:
(d) Allamanda – (iv) Ternate phyllotaxy

Question 6.
Draw and label the parts of regions of root.
Answer:
The parts of regions of root:
Samacheer Kalvi Guru 11th Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology

Question 7.
Write the similarities and differences between
1. Avicennia and Trapa
2. Radical buds and foliar buds
3. Phylloclade and cladode
Answer:
1. Avicennia and Trapa
2. Radical buds and foliar buds
3. Phylloclade and cladode
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology

Question 8.
How root climbers differ from stem climbers?
Answer:
Root climbers:

  1. Plants climbing with the help of adventitious roots (arise from nodes)
  2. Example: Piper betel

Stem climbers (twiners):

  1. These climbers lack specialised structure for climbing and the stem itself coils around the support.
  2. Example: Ipomoea

Question 9.
Compare sympodial branching with monopodial branching.
Answer:
Sympodial branching:
The terminal bud cease to grow after a period of growth and the further growth is taken care by successive or several lateral meristem or buds. This type of growth is also known as sympodial branching. Example: Cycas.

Monopodial branching:
The terminal bud grows uninterrupted and produce several lateral branches. This type of growth is also known as monopodial branching. Example: Polyalthia.

Question 10.
Compare pinnate unicostate venation and palmate multicostate venation.
Answer:
Pinnate Unicostate Venation and Palmate Multicostate Venation:

  1. Pinnate unicostate venation: In pinnate unicostate there is only one prominent midrib.
  2. Palmate multicostate venation: In palmate multicostate there are many midribs running parallel to each other.

Text Book Activities Solved

Question 1.
Collection of medicines prepared from root, stem, leaf of organic plants.
Answer:
Medicines Prepared From Root, Stem, Leaf Of Organic Plants:
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology 1 F

Question 2.
Prepare a report of traditional medicines.
Answer:
Traditional medicines: Ayurvcda, Siddha, Unani, Acupuncture, Homeopathy, Naturopathy, Chinese or oriental medicine.

Question 3.
Growing micro greens In class room – project work. (Green seed sprouts)
Answer:
Definition: Micro green are miniature plants of greens, herbs or vegetables. They arc rich nutrient source and also added as flavouring agent in food. Growing micro greens in classroom:

  • Step 1. Take a shallow tray.
  • Step 2. Place a inch of organic potting soil in the bottom of tray.
  • Step 3. Scatter the seeds (celery, lettuce, etc.) over the soil surface.
  • Step 4. Sprinkle some water. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil.
  • Step 5. Place the whole setup near the lighted window.
  • Step 6. Within a day or two, seeds with germinate.
  • Step 7. Maintain the moisture of soil. Greens can be harvested within 2 – 3 weeks.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Vegetative Morphology Additional Questions and Answers

I. Multiple Choice Questions
Choose the correct answer
Question 1.
The study about external features of an organism is known as …………… .
(a) morphology
(b) anatomy
(c) physiology
(d) taxonomy
Answer:
(a) morphology

Question 2.
…………… deals with the study of shape. site and structure of plant parts.
(a) External morphology
(b) Internal morphology
(c) External anatomy
(d) Internal anatomy
Answer:
(a) External morphology

Question 3.
The branch of science that deals with the classification of organisms is called as …………… .
(a) taxonomy
(b) morphology
(c) physiology
(d) anatomy
Answer:
(a) taxonomy

Question 4.
…………… deals with the study about the root and shoot system.
(a) Vegetative morphology
(b) Reproductive morphology
(c) External morphology
(d) Internal morphology
Answer:
(a) Vegetative morphology

Question 5.
…………… deals with the study about flowers, fruits and seeds of a plant.
(a) Reproductive morphology
(b) Vegetative morphology
(c) External morphology
(d) Internal morphology
Answer:
(a) Reproductive morphology

Question 6.
The general form of a plant is referred to as …………… .
(a) habitat
(b) structure
(c) habit
(d) shape and size
Answer:
(c) habit

Question 7.
…………… are soft stemmed plants with less wood or no wood.
(a) Shrubs
(b) Trees
(c) Herbs
(d) Climbers
Answer:
(c) Herbs

Question 8.
Perennial herbs having a bulb, corm. rhizome or tuber as the underground stem are termed as …………… .
(a) thallophytes
(b) rhodophytes
(c) geophytes
(d) cyanophytes
Answer:
(c) geophytes

Question 9.
Climbers are also called as …………… .
(a) herbs
(b) trees
(c) vines
(d) shrubs
Answer:
(c) vines

Question 10.
…………… is a perennial, woody plant with several main stems arising from the ground level.
(a) Herb
(b) Runner
(c) Climber
(d) Shrub
Answer:
(d) Shrub

Question 11.
…………… is an example for vines.
(a) Hibiscus
(b) Phyllanthus
(c) Palmyra
(d) Ventilago
Answer:
(d) Ventilago

Question 12.
…………… grows on rocks.
(a) Mesophytes
(b) Lithophytes
(c) Xerophytes
(d) Psammophytcs
Answer:
(b) Lithophytes

Question 13.
The plants that grows on dry habitats are called …………… .
(a) meophytes
(b) xerophytes
(c) lithophytes
(d) psammophytes
Answer:
(b) xerophytes

Question 14.
Mesophytes grows on …………… .
(a) sand
(b) soils with sufficient water
(c) rocks
(d) dry habitats
Answer:
(b) soils with sufficient water

Question 15.
…………… grows on sand.
(a) Mesophytes
(b) Psammophytes
(c) Lithophytes
(d) Xerophytes
Answer:
(b) Psammophytes

Question 16.
Azadirachta indica is an example for …………… .
(a) psammophytes
(b) mesophytes
(c) lithophy es
(d) xerophytes
Answer:
(b) mesophytes

Question 17.
Ipomoea pes – caprae is an example for …………… .
(a) mesophyles
(b) psammophytes
(c) lithophytes
(d) serophytes
Answer:
(b) psammophytes

Question 18.
…………… is an example for xerophytes.
(a) Lichens
(b) Euphorbia
(c) Ficus
(d) Ipomoea
Answer:
(b) Euphorbia

Question 19.
Plants growing emergent in marshy saline habitat are called as …………… plants.
(a) free floating
(b) submerged
(c) emergent
(d) mangroves
Answer:
(d) mangroves

Question 20.
…………… type of aquatic plants with roots or stems are anchored to the substrate under water with aerial shoots growing above water.
(a) Submerged
(b) Free floating
(c) Emergent
(d) Mangroves
Answer:
(c) Emergent

Question 21.
Hydrilla and Vallisneria are the examples of …………… type of aquatic plants.
(a) emergent
(b) free floating
(c) submerged
(d) mangroves
Answer:
(c) submerged

Question 22.
Plants that grows completely under water are called as ……………. type of aquatic plants.
(a) emergent
(b) free floating
(c) submerged
(d) mangroves
Answer:
(c) submerged

Question 23.
Plants growing on the water surface are called as …………… type of aquatic plants.
(a) emergent
(b) submerged
(c) free floating
(d) mangroves
Answer:
(c) free floating

Question 24.
Therophyte is a plant that completes its life cycle in …………… growing season.
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) several
Answer:
(a) one

Question 25.
A plant that grows vegetatively during the first season and undergoes flowering and fruiting during the second season is called as …………… .
(a) biennial
(b) therophyte
(c) perennial
(d) geophyte
Answer:
(a) biennial

Question 26.
Spinach, carrot and lettuce are the examples of …………… .
(a) biennial
(b) annual
(c) geophytes
(d) ephemerals
Answer:
(a) biennial

Question 27.
A plant that grows for many years that flowers and set fruits for several season during the life span is called as …………… .
(a) geophytes
(b) annual
(c) biennial
(d) ephemerals
Answer:
(a) geophytes

Question 28.
When perennial plants bear fruits every year they are called as …………… .
(a) polycarpic
(b) ephemerals
(c) annual
(d) therophyte
Answer:
(a) polycarpic

Question 29.
Talipot palm, Bamboo and Agave are examples of …………… .
(a) polycarpic geophytes
(b) therophytes
(c) monocarpic geophytes
(d) biennial
Answer:
(c) monocarpic geophytes

Question 30.
Watermelon is a / an …………… plant.
(a) biennial
(b) perennial
(c) geophytic
(d) ephemeral
Answer:
(d) ephemeral

Question 31.
…………… is an example for polycarpic perennial.
(a) Peas
(b) Fennel
(c) Agave
(d) Sapota
Answer:
(d) Sapota

Question 32.
Flowering plants are also called as …………… .
(a) sporophytes
(b) thallophytes
(c) magnoliophytes
(d) phaeophytes
Answer:
(c) magnoliophytes

Question 33.
The part of a plant that arises from radicle is …………… .
(a) stem
(b) root
(c) bud
(d) flower
Answer:
(b) root

Question 34.
Root cap is made up of …………… cells.
(a) parenchyma
(b) collenchyma
(c) sclerenchyma
(d) chlorenchyma
Answer:
(a) parenchyma

Question 35.
In …………… plant multiple root cap is seen.
(a) Pandanus
(b) Pistia
(c) Bougainvillea
(d) Pea
Answer:
(a) Pandanus

Question 36.
Root pockets are seen in …………… .
(a) Pandanus
(b) Pistia
(c) Bougainvillea
(d) Pea
Answer:
(b) Pistia

Question 37.
In …………… zone of the root, the cells get differentiated.
(a) Root hair zone
(b) Elongation zone
(c) Meristematic zone
(d) Maturation zone
Answer:
(d) Maturation zone

Question 38.
Roots developing from any part of the plant other than the radicle is called …………… root.
(a) fibrous
(b) adventitious
(c) tap
Answer:
(b) adventitious

Question 39.
Match the following topics with correct examples.
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology 1 A
Answer:
(d) a – ii, b – iv, c – i, d – iii.

Question 40.
The cells of this region undergo active cell division …………… .
(a) root hair zone
(b) maturation zone
(c) elongation zone
(d) meristematic zone
Answer:
(d) meristematic zone

Question 41.
Tap root system develops from this part of embryo …………… .
(a) plumule
(b) coleoptile
(c) node
(d) radicle
Answer:
(d) radicle

Question 42.
Negatively geotropic roots are seen in plant like …………… .
(a) Beta vulgaris
(b) Hibiscus
(c) Rhizophora
(d) Euphorbia
Answer:
(c) Rhizophora

Question 43.
Respiratory roots are found in …………… .
(a) Sweet potato
(b) Bruguiera
(c) Mango
(d) Dahlia
Answer:
(b) Bruguiera

Question 44.
Beaded root are also called as …………… root.
(a) annulated
(b) moniliform
(c) tuberous
(d) fasciculated
Answer:
(b) moniliform

Question 45.
Match the following.
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology 1
Answer:
(c) a – iv, b – iii, c – ii, d – i.

Question 46.
Match the following.
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology 2
Answer:
(d) a – v, b – i, c – ii, d – iii, e – iv.

Question 47.
The roots that grows vertically downwards from the lateral branches into the soil is called as …………… roots
(a) brace
(b) climbing
(c) buttress
(d) prop
Answer:
(d) prop

Question 48.
…………… roots are thick roots growing obliquely from the basal nodes of their main stem.
(a) pillar
(b) stilt
(c) buttress
(d) prop
Answer:
(b) stilt

Question 49.
Clasping roots are also called as …………… .
(a) Pillar
(b) Stilt
(c) Clinging
(d) Buttress
Answer:
(c) Clinging

Question 50.
Match the following.
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology 3
Answer:
(c) a – iii, b – iv, c – i, d – ii.

Question 51.
Which part of embryo develops into stem?
(a) Radicle
(b) Micropyle
(c) Ostia
(d) Plumule
Answer:
(d) Plumule

Question 52.
The point from which leaf arises is called as …………… .
(a) internode
(b) intranode
(c) node
(d) code
Answer:
(c) node

Question 53.
Which is not a character of stem?
(a) Exogenous branches
(b) Descending portion
(c) Nodes
(d) buds
Answer:
(b) Descending portion

Question 54.
Which is not a function of stem?
(a) Support
(b) transport of food
(c) Transport of water
(d) Absorption of water
Answer:
(d) Absorption of water

Question 55.
Which is the primary function of stem?
(a) Storage
(b) Perennation
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Water transport
Answer:
(d) Water transport

Question 56.
Collateral bud is a …………… bud.
(a) terminal
(b) lateral
(c) extra axillary
(d) accessory
Answer:
(d) accessory

Question 57.
Cauline buds arise from …………… .
(a) root
(b) stem
(c) leaf
(d) nodes
Answer:
(b) stem

Question 58.
Which of the following plant produces bulbils?
(a) Bryophyllum
(b) Begonia
(c) Allium proliferum
(d) Solanum americanum
Answer:
(c) Allium proliferum

Question 59.
…………… plants produce foliar buds.
(a) Allium
(b) Solanum
(c) Citrus
(d) Begonia
Answer:
(d) Begonia

Question 60.
Radical buds develop from …………… .
(a) root
(b) stem
(c) leaf
(d) plumule
Answer:
(a) root

Question 61.
In Polyalthia longifolia, the stem is …………… .
(a) decurrent
(b) caudex
(c) excurrent
(d) culm
Answer:
(c) excurrent

Question 62.
Which of the following is not a creeper?
(a) Cynodon
(b) Oxalis
(c) Indigofera
(d) Centella
Answer:
(c) Indigofera

Question 63.
Clockwise coiling climbers are called …………… .
(a) hexose
(b) dextrose
(c) ministrose
(d) sinistrose
Answer:
(b) dextrose

Question 64.
In Artabotrys, …………… is modified into hook.
(a) leaflets
(b) inflorescence axis
(c) petiole
(d) axillary buds
Answer:
(b) inflorescence axis

Question 65.
…………… are woody stem climbers.
(a) Lianas
(b) Tendrils
(c) Phylloclade
(d) Phyllode
Answer:
(a) Lianas

Question 66.
……………. is a characteristic adaptation of xerophytes.
(a) Hook
(b) Thorn
(c) Cladode
(d) Phylloclade
Answer:
(d) Phylloclade

Question 67.
Flattened cladode is present in …………… .
(a) Asparagus
(b) Atalantia
(c) Carissa
(d) Ruscus
Answer:
(d) Rusus

Question 68.
Musa is an example for …………… .
(a) climber
(b) runner
(c) stolon
(d) sucker
Answer:
(d) sucker

Question 69.
Eichhornia exhibit …………… type of stem modification.
(a) stolon
(b) offset
(c) runner
(d) sucker
Answer:
(b) offset

Question 70.
Underground stems are generally called as …………… .
(a) root caps
(b) root stocks
(c) root pockets
(d) root modification
Answer:
(b) root stocks

Question 71.
Which is not a character of root stock?
(a) Nodes
(b) Internodes
(c) Terminal bud
(d) Root cap
Answer:
(d) Root cap

Question 72.
Which is an example for compound tunicated bulb?
(a) Allium cepa
(b) Allium sativum
(c) Tulipa sps.
(d) Bulbophyllum
Answer:
(b) Allium sativum

Question 73.
…………… is a pseudobulb.
(a) Allium cepa
(b) Allium sativum
(c) Tulipa sps.
(d) Bulbophyllum
Answer:
(d) Bulbophyllum

Question 74.
…………… is a horizontally growing underground stem.
(a) Corm
(b) Rhizome
(c) Bulb
(d) Tuber
Answer:
(b) Rhizome

Question 75.
All the leaves of a plant together called as …………… .
(a) phyllome
(b) phyllode
(c) phylloclade
(d) Phyllanthus
Answer:
(a) phyllome

Question 76.
Which Is not a primary function of leaf?
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Transpiration
(c) Storage
(d) Gas exchange
Answer:
(c) Storage

Question 77.
Lamina of leaf is called as …………… .
(a) hypopodium
(b) mesopodium
(c) endopodiurn
(d) epipodium
Answer:
(d) epipodium

Question 78.
Swollen, broad leaf base Is called as …………… .
(a) phyttome
(b) pulvinus
(c) stipule
(d) bract
Answer:
(b) pulvinus

Question 79.
Pulvinus is a characteristic feature of …………… .
(a) Malvaceae
(b) Fabaceae
(c) Musaceae
(d) Solanaceae
Answer:
(b) Fabaceae

Question 80.
Stalk of leaf is called as …………… .
(a) pedicel
(b) pctiole
(c) phyllum
(d) perianth
Answer:
(b) petiote

Question 81.
Poaceac is seen in …………… family.
(a) Malvaceae
(b) Fabaceae
(c) Musaccac
(d) Sotanaccac
Answer:
(c) Musacese

Question 82.
Which of the following plant possess sessile leases?
(a) Hibiscus
(b) mangifera
(c) Psidiun
(d) Gloriosa
Answer:
(d) Gloriosa

Question 83.
Arrangement of veins on lamina is called …………… .
(a) venalion
(b) aesivation
(c) placentation
(d) phyllotaxy
Answer:
(a) venation

Question 84.
Parallel venatlon is the characteristic feature of …………… .
(a) angiospertns
(b) gymnosperms
(c) dicots
(d) monocots
Ans.
(d) monocots

Question 85.
In greek, ‘taxis’ means …………… .
(a) crowding
(b) spreading
(c) arrangement
(d) attachment
Answer:
(c) arrangement

Question 86.
Palmately parallel divergent venation is seen in …………… .
(a) Carica papaya
(b) Borassus flabellifer
(c) Zizyphus
(d) Cinnamomum
Answer:
(b) Borassus flabellifer

Question 87.
Spiral arrangement of leaves show vertical rows called …………… .
(a) decussate
(b) bifarious
(c) orthostichies
(d) distichous
Answer:
(c) orthostichies

Question 88.
Nerium exhibits …………… phyllotaxy.
(a) ternate
(b) whorled
(c) decussate
(d) alternate
Answer:
(a) ternate

Question 89.
In Allamanda, …………… phyllotaxy is seen.
(a) ternate
(b) verticillate
(c) alternate
(d) opposite
Answer:
(b) verticillate

Question 90.
The secondary rachii are called as …………… .
(a) stipel
(b) ligule
(c) petiole
(d) pinnae
Answer:
(d) pinnae

Question 91.
Tripinnate compound leaves are seen in …………… .
(a) Citrus
(b) Oxalis
(c) Oroxylum
(d) Allamanda
Answer:
(c) Oroxylum

Question 92.
In Gloriosa, …………… is modified into tendril.
(a) apical leaflet
(b) entire leaf
(c) leaf tip
(d) Petiole
Answer:
(c) leaf tip

Question 93.
In Euphorbia, …………… are modified into spines.
(a) stipels
(b) ligules
(c) stipules
(d) Petiole
Answer:
(c) stipules

Question 94.
Storage leaves are observed in …………… family.
(a) Solanaceae
(b) Cucurbitaceae
(c) Crassulaceae
(d) Musaceae
Answer:
(c) Crassulaceae

Question 95.
Phyllodes are the modification of …………… .
(a) pedicel
(b) pinnae
(c) petiole
(d) stipule
Answer:
(c) petiole

Question 96.
…………… is an example for pitcher.
(a) Sarracenia
(b) Acacia
(c) Parkinsonia
(d) Sedum
Answer:
(a) Sarracenia

Question 97.
Stamens are equivalent to …………… .
(a) megasporophyll
(b) microsporophyll
(c) microsporangium
(d) megasporangium
Answer:
(a) megasporophyll

Question 98.
Rolling or folding of individual leaves is called …………… .
(a) venation
(b) phyllotaxy
(c) ptyxis
(d) branching
Answer:
(c) ptyxis

Question 99.
In Mimusops, the leaves are …………… .
(a) fagacious
(b) evergreen
(c) deciduous
(d) marcescent
Answer:
(b) evergreen

Question 100.
Heterophylly is mainly seen in …………… .
(a) xerophytes
(b) mesophytes
(c) lithophytes
(d) hydrophytes
Answer:
(d) hydrophytes

Question 101.
Isobilateral leaf is seen in …………… .
(a) onion
(b) pine
(c) tridax
(d) grass
Answer:
(d) grass

II. Very Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks)

Question 1.
Define morphology.
Answer:
The study of various external features of the organism is known as morphology.

Question 2.
What is plant morphology?
Answer:
Plant morphology also known as external morphology deals with the study of shape, size and structure of plants and their parts like (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds).

Question 3.
Differentiate between vegetative morphology & reproductive morphology.
Answer:
between vegetative morphology & reproductive morphology:

  1. Vegetative morphology:  Vegetative morphology deals with the shoot system and root system.
  2. Reproductive morphology:  Reproductive morphology deals with flowers, inflorescence, fruits & seals.

Question 4.
Define shrub. Give an example.
Answer:
A shrub is a perennial, woody plant with several main stems arising from the ground level. e.g.. Hibiscus

Question 5.
Classify plants based on habitat.
Answer:
Depending upon where plants grow habitats may be classified into major categories:

  1. Terrestrial and
  2. Aquatic.

Question 6.
Distinguish between terrestrial and aquatic plants.
Answer:
Between terrestrial and aquatic plants:

  1. Terrestrial plants:  Plants growing on land are called terrestrial plants.
  2. Aquatic plants: Plants living in water environment are called aquatic plants.

Question 7.
Classify the terrestrial plants based on their adaptation.
Answer:
Mcsophytes, serophytes, psammophytes and lithophytes.

Question 8.
What do you mean by caudex?
Answer:
If the trunk of a plant remains unbranched it is said to be caudex. e.g.. Palmyra and coconut.

Question 9.
What is a liana? Mention its importance.
Answer:
Liana is a vine that is perennial and woody. Lianas are major components in the tree canopy layer of some tropical forests. e.g. Ventilago.

Question 10.
What are therophytes?
Answer:
Therophyte is a plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season. e.g. Peas.

Question 11.
Name the two primary functions of roots.
Answer:
The two primary functions of roots:

  1. Absorption of water and nutrients from soil.
  2. Anchorage of plants in soil.

Question 12.
Where does the roots develop from?
Answer:
Root develops from the radicle which is the first structure that comes out when a seed is placed in the soil.

Question 13.
Give an example for
(a) Free floating plants
(b) Submerged plants
(c) Mangroves and
(d) Emergent plants?
Answer:
(a) Free floating plant – e.g Pistia.
(b) Submerged plant – e.g: Hydrilla
(c) Mangroves – e.g: Avicennia
(d) Emergent – e.g: Typha

Question 14.
What is root cap? Mention its role.
Answer:
Root tip is covered by a dome shaped parenchymatous cells called root Cap. It protects the meristematic cells in the apex.

Question 15.
Explain the nature of root based on tropism.
Answer:
Based on tropism. roots are positively geotropic and negatively phototropic.

Question 16.
What are adventitious roots?
Answer:
Roots developing from any part of the plant other than radicle is called adventitious roots.

Question 17.
Why do roots modify their structure? Name the types of root modification.
Answer:
Roots modify their structure to perform secondary functions. The two types of root modification are tap root modification and fibrous root modification.

Question 18.
Name the places from which adventitious roots arise.
Answer:
Adventitious roots may rise from base of stem, nodes or internodes.

Question 19.
What are prop roots? Give an example.
Answer:
Prop (Pillar) roots grow vertically downward from the lateral branches into the soil, e.g., Ficus benghalensis (banyan tree) and Indian rubber.

Question 20.
How velamen helps the Vanda plant?
Answer:
Velamen is a spongy tissue developed by epiphytic roots of Vanda. It helps in absorption of moisture from atmosphere.

Question 21.
Which type of adventitious roots are seen in Bryophyllum plants?
Answer:
Bryophyllum produces foliar roots which arise from the veins or lamina of leaf for the formation of new plants.

Question 22.
How Cuscuta survives?
Answer:
Cuscuta is a parasitic plant which produces haustorial roots from stem that penetrates into the tissue of host plant and suck nutrients. Thus Cuscuta survives.

Question 23.
“Roots perform photosynthesis” – Justify with example.
Answer:
Roots of some climbing or epiphytic plants develop chlorophyll and turn green which help in photosynthesis. These roots are called as photosynthetic roots. e.g.,Tinospora.

Question 24.
Which part of embryo gives rise to root and shoot?
Answer:
Radicle gives rise to root. Plumule gives rise to shoot.

Question 25.
Define node & internode.
Answer:
Node & Internode:

  • Node: The point from which the leaf arises is called node.
  • Internode: The region between two adjacent nodes is called intemode.

Question 26.
Explain stem based on tropism.
Answer:
Stem is positively phototropic & negatively geotropic.

Question 27.
Classify buds based on their origin & function.
Answer:
Buds based on their origin & functio:

  1. Based on origin, buds are classified into (a) Terminal or Apical bud and (b) Lateral or Axillary or Axil bud.
  2. Based on function, buds are classified into (a) Vegetative bud and (b) Floral or Reproductive bud.

Question 28.
What are adventitious buds? Give an example.
Answer:
Buds arising at any part other than stem are known as adventitious bud. e.g., Begonia.

Question 29.
Mention various types of stem seen in angiosperms.
Answer:
Majority of angiosperm possess upright, vertically growing erect stem. They are:

  1. Excurrent
  2. Decurrent
  3. Caudex and
  4. Culm.

Question 30.
Why do certain plants climb?
Answer:
Climbing helps to display the leaves towards sunlight and to position the flower for effective pollination.

Question 31.
What are creepers? Give example.
Answer:
Creepers are plants growing horizontally closer to the ground and produces roots at each node. e.g., Oxalis.

Question 32.
Distinguish between dextrose & sinistrose climbers.
Answer:
Between dextrose & sinistrose climbers:

  1. Dextrose: Clockwise coiling climbers are called dextrose, e.g. Dioscorea alata.
  2. Sinistrose: Anti – clockwise coiling climbers are called sinistrose. e.g. Dioscorea bulbifera.

Question 33.
What are root stocks? What are its function?
Answer:
Perennial and some biennial herbs have underground stems, which are generally known as root stocks.  Root stock functions as a storage and protective organ.

Question 34.
What is a bulb? Mention its types.
Answer:
Bulb is a condensed, conical or convex stem surrounded by fleshy scale leaves. There are two types:

  1. Tunicated (coated) bulb and
  2. Scaly bulb.

Question 35.
Define branching. Mention its types.
Answer:
The mode of arrangement of branches on a stem is known as branching. There are two main types of branching:

  1. Lateral branching and
  2. Dichotomous branching.

Question 36.
Define phyllome.
Answer:
All the leaves of a plant together are referred as phyllome.

Question 37.
List out any four primary functions of leaves.
Answer:
Photosynthesis, transpiration, gaseous exchange and protection of buds.

Question 38.
What is a leaf base?
Answer:
The part of the leaf attached to the node of the stem is called leaf base. It protects growing buds at its axil.

Question 39.
What is pulvinus?
Answer:
In legumes leaf base become broad, thick and swollen which is known as pulvinus. e.g., Clitoria.

Question 40.
Which leaf part acts a bridge between leaf & stem? Define.
Answer:
Petiole is the bridge between leaf and stem. Petiole or leaf stalk is a cylindrical or subcylindrical or flattened structure of a leaf which joins the lamina with the stem.

Question 41.
Mention the types of leaves based on petiole.
Answer:
A leaf with petiole is said to be petiolate. e.g. Hibiscus. Leaves that do not possess petiole is said to be sessile, e.g. Calotropis.

Question 42.
What are stipules? State its functions.
Answer:
Stipules are the two lateral appendages develop at the leaf base of dicot plants. Stipules protects the leaf in bud condition.

Question 43.
Define venation. Mention its types.
Answer:
The arrangement of veins and veinlets on the leaf blade or lamina is called venation. Venation is classified into two types:

  1. Reticulate venation and
  2. Parallel venation.

Question 44.
Define ligule.
Answer:
In some grasses (Monocots) an additional out growth is present between leaf base and lamina. It is called ligule.

Question 45.
What are stipulate & exstipulate leaves?
Answer:
Stipulate & Exstipulate Leaves:

  1. Leaves with stipules are called stipulate leaves.
  2. Leaves without stipules are called exstipulate or estipulate leaves.

Question 46.
Define phyllotaxy. Mention its types.
Answer:
The mode of arrangement of leaves on the stem is known as phyllotaxy.  There are 4 types of phyllotaxy:

  1. Alternate
  2. Opposite
  3. Temate and
  4. Whorled.

Question 47.
How phyllotaxy helps the plants?
Answer:
Phyllotaxy is to avoid over crowding of leaves and expose the leaves maximum to the sunlight for photosynthesis.

Question 48.
You are given a mango leaf. Which type does it belongs to? Define it.
Answer:
Mango leaf is a simple leaf. A simple leaf is the one, where the petiole bears a single lamina.

Question 49.
Define heterophylly. Which type of plants show this adaptation?
Answer:
Occurence of two different kinds of leaves in the same plants is called heterophylly. Heterophylly is an adaptation of aquatic plants.

Question 50.
When a leaf is said to be centric?
Answer:
When the leaf is more or less cylindrical and directed upwards or downwards, as in pine and onion, etc., the leaf is said to be centric.

Question 51.
Which type of leaf is common among monocots? Define it.
Answer:
When the leaf is directed vertically upwards, as in many monocotyledons, it is said to be ‘ isobilateral leaf. Example: Grass.

Question 52.
Define ptyxis.
Answer:
Rolling or folding of individual leaves is called as ptyxis.

Question 53.
Classify plants based on habit.
Answer:
Based on habit plants are classified into herbs, shrubs, climbers (vines) and trees.

Question 54.
Musa is a monocarpic perennial. Give possible reason.
Answer:
Musa is a monocarpic perennial, since it produces flowers and fruits only once and die after a vegetative growth of several years.

Question 55.
What are the parts that constitute the typical leaf?
Answer:
There are three main parts in a typical leaf:

  1. Leaf base (Hypopodium)
  2. Petiole (Mesopodium) and
  3. Lamina (Epipodium).

Question 56.
What is a pseudobulb?
Answer:
Pseudobulb is a short erect aerial storage or propagating stem of certain epiphytic and terrestrial sympodial orchids, e.g. Bulbophyllum.

Question 57.
Which factor determines the branching patterns?
Answer:
Branching pattern is determined by the relative activity of apical meristem.

Question 58.
Mention the secondary functions of leaf with an example for each.
Answer:
Functions:

  1. Storage
  2. Protection
  3. Support
  4. Reproduction

Examples:

  1. Aloe
  2. Opuntia
  3. Nepenthes
  4. Bryophyllum

Question 59.
List out the families that possess sheathing leafbase.
Answer:
Arecaceae, Musaceae, Zingiberaceae and Poaceae.

Question 60.
What are stipels?
Answer:
Sometimes, small stipule like outgrowths are found at the base of leaflets of a compound leaf. They are called stipels.

Question 61.
Compare the stem nature of Corm and Rhizome
Answer:
Corm:

  1. Stem is succulent underground
  2. Presence of erect growing tips.

Rhizome:

  1. Stem is horizontal underground
  2. Presence of lateral growing tips.

III. Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks)

Question 1.
Morphological study is important in Taxonomy. Why?
Answer:
Morphological features are important in determining productivity of crops. Morphological characters indicate the specific habitats of living as well as the fossil plants and help to correlate the distribution in space and time of fossil plants. Morphological features are also significant for phylogeny.

Question 2.
Differentiate between polycarpic and monocarpic perennial.
Answer:
Polycarpic perennial:

  1. When they bear fruits every year, they are called polycarpic.
  2. e.g. mango, sapota, etc.

Monocarpic perennial:

  1. Some plants produce flowers and fruits only once and die after a vegetative growth of several years. These plants are called monocarpic.
  2. e.g. Bamboo, Agave, Musa, Talipot palm.

Question 3.
List down the key difference between roots and shoots.
Answer:
Roots:

  1. Positively geotropic
  2. Negatively phototropic
  3. Non – green in colour
  4. Nodes, intemodes and buds are absent

Shoots:

  1. Negatively geotropic
  2. Positively phototropic
  3. Green in colour
  4. Nodes, intemodes and buds are present

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions 3 Vegetative Morphology

Question 4.
Name the three distinct zones of root.
Answer:
The three distinct zones of root:

  1. Meristematic Zone
  2. Zone of Elongation
  3. Zone of Maturation

Question 5.
Draw a simplified diagram showing the various regions of root.
Answer:
The various regions of root:
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology 12

Question 6.
Give a brief account on tap root system.
Answer:
Primary root is the direct prolongation of the radicle. When the primary root persists and continues to grow as in dicotyledons, it forms the main root of the plant and is called the tap root. Tap root produces lateral roots that further branches into finer roots. Lateral roots along with its branches together called as secondary roots.

Question 7.
How does the fibrous root system develops?
Answer:
Most of the monocots the primary root of the seedling is short lived and lateral roots arise from various regions of the plant body. These are bunch of thread – like roots equal in size which are collectively called fibrous root system generally found in grasses. Example: Oryza sativa.

Question 8.
Briefly explain the development process of leaf primordium.
Answer:
The plumule of the embryo of a germinating seed grows into stem. The epicotyl elongates after embryo growth into the axis (the stem) that bears leaves from its tip, which contain the actively dividing cells of the shoot called apical meristem. Further cell divisions and growth result in the formation of mass of tissue called a leaf primordium.

Question 9.
Name the three types of Adventitious buds.
Answer:
The three types of Adventitious buds:

  1. Radical buds
  2. Foliar buds
  3. Cauline buds

Question 10.
Write a brief note on Bulbils.
Answer:
Bulbils (or specialized buds): Bulbils are modified and enlarged bud, meant for propagation. When bulbils detach from parent plant and fall on the ground, they germinate into new plants and serve as a means of vegetative propagation, e.g., Agave.

Question 11.
Distinguish between root climbers and stem climbers.
Answer:
Root climbers:

  1. Plants climbing with the help of adventitious roots (arise from nodes).
  2. e.g. Piper betel, Piper nigrum, Hedera helix, Pothos, Hoya.

Stem climbers:

  1. These climbers lack specialised structure for climbing and the stem itself coils around the support.
  2. e.g. Ipomoea, Convolvulus, Dolichos, Clitoria, Quisqualis.

Question 12.
Explain the three different types of trailers with an example.
Answer:
Types of Trailers:

  1. Prostrate (Procumbent): A stem that grows flat on the ground, e.g. Evolvulus alsinoides, Indigofera prostrata.
  2. Decumbent: A stem that grows flat but becomes erect during reproductive stage. e.g., Portulaca, Tridax, Lindenbergia.
  3. Diffuse: A trailing stem with spreading branches, e.g. Boerhaavia diffusa, Merremia tridentata.

Question 13.
Cladode is a stem modification. Comment on it.
Answer:
Cladode is a flattened or cylindrical stem similar to Phylloclade but with one or two inteENodes only. Their stem nature is evident by the fact that they bear buds, scales and flowers. e.g. Asparagus (cylindrical cladode), Ruscus (flattened Cladode).

Question 14.
Comment on Corm with an example.
Answer:
Corm is a succulent underground stem with an erect growing tip. The corm is surrounded by scale leaves and exhibit nodes and intemodes. e.g., Amorphophallus, Gladiolus, Colacasia, Crocus, Colchicum.

Question 15.
Differentiate between monopodial and sympodial branching.
Answer:
Monopodial branching:

  1. The terminal bud grows uninterrupted and produce several lateral branches. This type of growth is also known as monopodial branching.
  2. e.g. Polyalthia, Swietenia, Antiaris.

Sympodial branching:

  1. The terminal bud caese to grow after a period of growth and the further growth is taken care by successive or several lateral meristem or buds. This type of growth is also known as sympodial branching.
  2. e.g. Cycas.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions 3 Vegetative Morphology

Question 16.
Draw and label the parts of a leaf.
Answer:
The parts of a leaf:
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology 15

Question 17.
Describe the pattern of leaf arrangement in mosaic leaf.
Answer:
In mosaic leaf, leaves tend to fit in with one another and adjust themselves in such a way that they may secure the maximum amount of sunlight with minimum amount of overlapping. The lower leaves have longer petioles and successive upper leaves possess decreasing length petioles, e.g., Acalypha, Begonia.

Question 18.
How the leaf hooks helps the Bignonia plant?
Answer:
In cat’s nail (Bignonia unguiscati) an elegant climber, the terminal leaflets become modified into three, very sharp, stiff and curved hooks, very much like the nails of a cat. These hooks cling to the bark of a tree and act as organs of support for climbing.

Question 19.
Which types of plants develop tendril? How does it helps the plant?
Answer:
In some plants Stem is very weak and hence they have some special organs for attachment to the support. So some leaves are partially or wholly modified into tendril. Tendril is a slender wiry coiled structure which helps in climbing the support.

Question 20.
Rosa species plants are not eaten by herbivores. Why?
Answer:
Rosa species plants develop Prickles. Prickles are small, sharp structure which are the outgrowths from epidermal cells of stem or leaf. It helps the plant in scrambling over other plants. It is also protective against herbivory.

Question 21.
Certain plants like Aloe and Agave can survive in extreme dry conditions. How ?
Answer:
Aloe and Agave are Xerophytes. They develop fleshy and swollen leaves. These succulent leaves store water, mucilage and food. They also resist desiccation.

Question 22.
Write a brief note on Phyllode.
Answer:
Phyllodes are flat, green – coloured leaf – like modifications of petioles or rachis. The leaflets or lamina of the leaf are highly reduced or caducous. The phyllodes perform photosynthesis and other functions of leaf.
Example: Acacia auriculiformis (Australian acacia), Parkinsonia.

Question 23.
Briefly describe the leaf modification in Nepenthes.
Answer:
The leaf becomes modified into a pitcher in Nepenthes. In Nepenthes the basal part of the leaf is laminar and the midrib continues as a coiled tendrillar structure. The apical part of the leaf as modified into a pitcher the mouth of the pitcher is closed by a lid which is the modification of leaf apex.

Question 24.
How the leaves of Utricularia helps in its nourishment?
Answer:
In bladderwort (Utricularia), a rootless free – floating, aquatic plant the leaf is very much segmented. Some of these segments are modified to form bladder – like structures, with a trap – door entrance that traps aquatic animalcules.

Question 25.
What do you understand by the term developmental heterophylly.
Answer:
In plants like Ficus heterophylla leaves vary from entire to variously lobed structures during different developmental stages. Young leaves are usually lobed or dissected and the mature leaves are entire. Such type is known as developmental heterophylly.

Question 26.
List out few secondary functions of stem.
Answer:
Foods storage, perennation, water storage, photosynthesis, buoyancy, protection and support.

Question 27.
Make a tabular column showing types of terrestrial plants and their environmental adaptation with examples.
Answer:
Types of terrestrial plants and their environmental adaptation with examples:
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology 16

IV. Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks)

Question 1.
Make a list of aquatic plants and their environmental adaptation with an example.
Answer:
Aquatic plants and their environmental adaptation with an example:
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology 17

Question 2.
Compare the location, cellular types and the functions of different zones of root.
Answer:
The location, cellular types and the functions of different zones of root:
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology 18

Question 3.
Draw a flow chart depicting the various types of root modification.
Answer:
The various types of root modification:
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology 19

Question 4.
Describe the tap root modification for storage purpose with diagram.
Answer:
Tap root modification – Storage roots

  1. Conical Root – These are cone like, broad at the base and gradually tapering towards the apex. e.g. Daucus carota.
  2. Fusiform root – These roots are swollen in the middle and tapering towards both ends. e.g. Raphanus sativus
  3. Napiform root – It is very broad and suddenly tapers like a tail at the apex. e.g. Beta vulgaris
    Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology 20

Question 5.
Define bud. Explain the types of buds based on location.
Answer:
Buds are the growing points surrounded by protective scale leaves:

  1. Terminal bud or Apical bud: These buds are present at the apex of the main stem and at the tips of the branches.
  2. Lateral bud or Axillary bud: These buds occur in the axil of the leaves and develop into a branch or flower.
  3. Extra axillary bud: These buds are formed at nodes but outside the axil of the leaf as in Solanum americanum.
  4. Accessory bud: An extra bud on either side (collateral bud) or above (superposed bud or serial bud) the axillary bud. e.g: Citrus and Duranta.

Question 6.
Draw a flow chart illustrating stem modifications.
Answer:
A flow chart illustrating stem modifications:
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology 21

Question 7.
List out the characteristics of leaf.
Answer:
The characteristics of leaf:

  • Leaf is a lateral appendage of the stem.
  • It is borne at the node of the stem.
  • It is exogenous in origin.
  • It has limited growth.
  • It does not possess apical bud.
  • It has three main parts namely, leaf base, petiole and lamina.
  • Lamina of the leaf is traversed by vascular strands, called veins.

Question 8.
Define phyllotaxy. Explain its types
Answer:
The mode of arrangement of leaves on the stem is known as phyllotaxy (Greek. Phyllon = leaf; taxis = arrangement). Phyllotaxy is to avoid over crowding of leaves and expose the leaves maximum to the sunlight for photosynthesis. The four main types of phyllotaxy are:

  1. Alternate
  2. Opposite
  3. Temate and
  4. Whorled.

1. Alternate phyllotaxy: In this type there is only one leaf per node and the leaves on the successive nodes are arranged alternate to each other. Spiral arrangement of leaves show vertical rows are called orthostichies. They are two types:

  • Alternate spiral: In which the leaves are arranged alternatively in a spiral manner. e.g. Hibiscus and Ficus.
  • Alternate distichous or Bifarious: In which the leaves are organized alternatively in two rows on either side of the stem, e.g. Monoon longifolium (Polyalthia longifolia).

2. Opposite phyllotaxy: In this type each node possess two leaves opposite to each other. They are organized in two different types:

  1. Opposite superposed: The pair of leaves arranged in succession are in the same direction, that is two opposite leaves at a node lie exactly above those at the lower node. e.g. Psidium (Guava), Eugenia jambolana (Jamun) and Quisqualis (Rangoon creeper).
  2. Opposite decussate: In this type of phyllotaxy one pair of leaves is placed at right angles to the next upper or lower pair of leaves, e.g., Calotropis, Zinnia and Ocimum

3. Ternate phyllotaxy: In this type there are three leaves attached at each node. e.g. Nerium.

4. Whorled (verticillate) type of phyllotaxy: In this type more than three leaves are present in a whorl at each node forming a circle or whorl, e.g. Allamanda and Alstonia scholaris.

Question 9.
Define ptyxis & explain its types.
Answer:
Rolling or folding of individual leaves is called ptyxis. There are seven types of ptyxis as follows:

  1. Reclinate – When the upper half of the leaf blade is bent upon the lower half as in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica).
  2. Conduplicate – When the leaf is folded lengthwise along the mid – rib, as in guava, sweet potato and camel’s foot tree (Bauhinia).
  3. Plicate or Plaited – When the leaf is repeatedly folded longitudinally along ribs in a zig – zag manner, as in Borassus flabellifer.
  4. Circinate – When the leaf is rolled from the apex towards the base like the tail of a dog, as in ferns.
  5. Convolute – When the leaf is rolled from one margin to the other, as in banana, aroids and Indian pennywort. Musa and members of Araceae.
  6. Involute – When the two margins are rolled on the upper surface of the leaf towards the mid – rib or the centre of the leaf, as in water lily, lotus, Sandwich Island Climber (Antigonon) and Plumbago.
  7. Crumpled – When the leaf is irregularly folded as in cabbage.

Question 10.
How the duration of leaf is determined? Classify leaves according to duration.
Answer:
Leaves may stay and function for few days to many years, largely determined by the adaptations to climatic conditions.

  • Cauducuous (Fagacious): Falling off soon after formation, e.g., Opuntia and Cissus quadrangularis.
  • Deciduous: Falling at the end of growing season so that the plant (tree or shrub) is leafless in winter / summer season, e.g., Maple, Plumeria, Launea and Erythrina.
  • Evergreen: Leaves persist throughout the year, falling regularly so that tree is never leafless. e.g., Mimusops and Calophyllum.
  • Marcescent: Leaves not falling but withering on the plant as in several members of Fagaceae.

V. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTs)

Question 1.
Roots are non – green coloured. Is there is any green coloured root? Explain.
Answer:
Yes, roots of certain epiphytic & climbing plants develop chlorophyll and turn green to perform the function of photosynthesis. Such a root is called photosynthetic root or assimilatory root. E.g., Tinospora.

Question 2.
Which part of ginger and onion are edible?
Answer:
The edible part of onion is stem covered by fleshy leaves (bulb). The edible part of ginger is underground stem (rhizome).

Question 3.
Name the body parts of the following plants which is modified for food storage.
Answer:
Plant:

  1. Carrot
  2. Colocasia
  3. Aloe

Modified part for food storage:

  1. Root
  2. Stem
  3. Leaves

Question 4.
Give two examples for angiospermic plants producing adventitious roots.
Answer:
Two examples for angiospermic plants producing adventitious roots:

  1. Buttress root of Bombax.
  2. Prop (Pillar) root of Ficus benghalensis.

Question 5.
Rhizome of ginger is like roots of other plants grown underground. Despite this fact ginger is a stem not a root – Justify.
Answer:
Rhizome of ginger is a underground stem not a root because, it possess nodes, internodes, scale leaves & buds, which are the characteristics of stem.

Question 6.
Vanda is an epiphyte. Epiphytes are the plants growing on branches of trees. They do not have direct contact with soil. How they obtain water for its photosynthetic activity?
Answer:
Epiphytic plants like Vanda develop special type of roots containing sponge – like tissue called velamen. These spongy tissue helps in absorbing the atmospheric moisture and utilize it for their photosynthetic activity.

Question 7.
How does a pneumatopore work?
Answer:
Pneumatopores are the special above-ground roots growing above the surface of water seen in plants growing in water logged soils. These pneumatopores has small pores that facilitate the intake of oxygen by roots.

Question 8.
Carnivorous plants like Nepenthes have nutritional adaptations. Which part of Nepenthes plant is modified to solve this problem?
Answer:
The apical part of the leaf is modified into pitcher and the leaf tip is modified into lid of pitcher.

Question 9.
Why do we use the term ‘monocarpic perennial’ for Musa?
Answer:
Musa is a monocarpic perennial because it grows for several years but produces flowers and fruits once in its life time.

Question 10.
Mention any two morphological characters to differentiate monocots from dicots.
Answer:
Two morphological characters to differentiate monocots from dicots:

  1. Monocots have fibrous roots and dicots have tap root system.
  2. Monocot leaves show parallel venation, whereas dicot leaves show reticulate venation.

Question 11.
Why potato tuber is considered as a stem? Although it is an underground plant part.
Answer:
Though potato tuber is found underground, it is a stem since it possess axillary buds & scale leaves.

Question 12.
Fibrous roots are adventitious in origin – Explain.
Answer:
Adventitious roots are those arising from plant parts other than radicle. Fibrous roots are seen in monocots. In monocots, the primary root arising from radicle is short – lived & soon replaced by the lateral roots arising in bunches from the base of stem. Thus fibrous roots are adventitious in origin.

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