Tamil Nadu 11th English Model Question Paper 3

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TN State Board 11th English Model Question Paper 3

Instructions:

1.  The question paper comprises of four parts.
2.  You are to attempt all the parts. An internal choice of questions is provided wherever applicable.
3. questions of Part I, II. III and IV are to be attempted separately
4. Question numbers 1 to 20 in Part I are objective type questions of one -mark each. These are to be answered by choosing the most suitable answer from the given four alternatives and writing the option code and the corresponding answer
5. Question numbers 21 to 30 in Part II are two-marks questions. These are to be answered in about one or two sentences.
6. Question numbers 31 to 40 in Parr III are three-marks questions, These are to be answered in about three to five short sentences.
7. Question numbers 41 to 47 in Part IV are five-marks questions. These are to be answered) in detail. Draw diagrams wherever necessary.

Time: 3.00 Hours
Maximum Marks: 90

PART – I

I. Answer all the questions. [20 × 1 = 20]
Choose the correct synonym for the underlined words from the options given.

Question 1.
Her silver locks were scattered untidily.
(a) orderly
(b) hygienically
(c) neatly
(d) disorderly
Answer:
(d) disorderly

Question 2.
Men with fallible memories try to make out a case for their superiority.
(a) error-prone
(b) infallible
(c) valuable
(d) malicious
Answer:
(a) error-prone

Question 3.
Even among the best of us ……….. there is wordly guile.
(a) morality
(b) cunningness
(c) virtue
(d) wisdom
Answer:
(b) cunningness

Choose the correct antonym for the underlined words from the options given.

Question 4.
I was the purchaser of a picture.
(a) consumer
(b) client
(c) seller
(d) bidder
Answer:
(c) seller

Question 5.
It is the immediate concern of every individual.
(a) indifference
(b) worry
(c) anxiety
(d) apprehension
Answer:
(a) indifference

Question 6.
I was shedding blood in a lavish manner.
(a) tough
(b) Extravagant
(c) easy
(d) frugal
Answer:
(d) frugal

Question 7.
Choose the clipped form of “reputation”.
(a) repute
(b) rep
(c) reput
(d) reption
Answer:
(b) rep

Question 8.
Choose the right definition for the given term “Nyctophobia”.
(a) the fear of sleeping in the dark
(b) the fear of falling in love
(c) the fear of being in the dark
(d) the fear of narcotics
Answer:
(c) the fear of being in the dark

Question 9.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “blue”.
(a) chair
(b) berry
(c) black
(d) colour
Answer:
(b) berry

Question 10.
Choose the meaning of the foreign word in the sentence.
These were dreams of long standing that had finally come to fruition.
(a) bear fruit
(b) fulfilment of a plan
(c) eat fruits
(d) sell fruits
Answer:
(b) fulfilment of a plan

Question 11.
Choose the phrasal verb from the options given to substitute the underlined word in the given sentence.
Don’t ever mock the condition of poor people.
(a) look into
(b) look down upon
(c) look forward to
(d) look towards
Answer:
(b) look down upon

Question 12.
Form a new word by adding a suitable prefix to the root word “code”.
(a) in
(b) re
(c) un
(d) de
Answer:
(d) de

Question 13.
Choose the expanded form of “FAQ”.
(a) Frequently Answered Question
(b) Frequently Asked Question
(c) Fire Alarming Quiz
(d) Fairly Asked Question
Answer:
(b) Frequently Asked Question

Question 14.
The number of syllables in ‘beautiful’ is
(a) tetra
(b) tri
(c) penta
(d) di
Answer:
(a) tetra

Question 15.
Choose the correct sentence pattern.
He has dedicated his life for their welfare.
(a) SVCA
(b) SVOC
(c) SVIODO
(d) SVOA
Answer:
(d) SVOA

Question 16.
Fill in the blank with the suitable preposition.
I am good ……….. playing pranks.
(a) on
(b) at
(c) to
(d) From
Answer:
(b) at

Question 17.
Add a suitable question tag to the following statement.
She plays basketball on Sundays,………….?
(a) isn’t she
(b) shouldn’t she
(c) doesn’t she
(d) can’t she
Answer:
(c) doesn’t she

Question 18.
Choose the right combination for the blended word “spork”.
(a) spoon + cork
(b) spoon + fork
(c) spoon + work
(d) spoon + dork
Answer:
(b) spoon + fork

Question 19.
Substitute the phrasal verb in the sentence with a single word.
The ancestral house has been handed down from generation to generation.
(a) stored
(b) distributed
(c) hidden
(d) delivered
Answer:
(d) delivered

Question 20.
Fill in the blank with a suitable relative pronoun.
The criminals, two of ………… managed to escape, were caught yesterday.
(a) which
(b) whom
(c) who
(d) that
Answer:
(b) whom

PART – II

II. Answer any seven of the following: [7 × 2 = 14]
(i) Read the following sets of poetic lines and answer any four of the following. [4 × 2 = 8]

Question 21.
“His brow is deeply lined with thought, his head is highly domed;”
(a) Whose looks are described here?
(b) Identify the figure of speech.
Answer:
(a) Macavity’s looks are described over here.
(b) Personification.

Question 22.
“Make dust our paper, and with rainy eyes
Write sorrow on the bosom of the earth.”
(a) Identify the figure of speech in the first line.
(b) What do you mean by ‘rainy eyes’?
Answer:
(a) Metaphor.
(b) Eyes shedding tears is said to be rainy eyes.

Question 23.
“And reassure myself anew
Thai you are not me and I’m not you.”
(a) Who are ‘they’?
(b) What does the poet reassure?
Answer:
(a) ‘They’ are athletes who play rough unmindful of cracking bones or jaws of the opponent in the field.
(b) The poet reassures himself that he is not one of the athletes and the athletes are not in his group either. So, he is safe.

Question 24.
“And ‘this my faith that every flower Enjoys the air it breathes….”
(a) What is the poet’s faith?
(b) What trait of Nature do we see here?
Answer:
(a) The poet has faith that nature lives, breathes and enjoys its own presence. Twigs, birds, creepers all live in harmony with each other in absolute bliss and contentment.
(b) Harmonious relationship of birds, brook, plants and creepers and willingness to co-exist with one another is the trait evident in nature.

Question 25.
“Most of all, I want to relearn
How to laugh, for my laugh in the mirror
Shows only my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs!”
(a) Why does the poet want to relearn how to laugh?
(b) Whom does the poet want to relearn to laugh from?
Answer:
(a) The poet has forgotten to laugh naturally. He wants to relearn to laugh because his laugh in front of the mirror shows his teeth like a snake’s bare fangs.
(b) The poet wants to relearn to laugh from his little son.

Question 26.
“The ones that are true and stand on their own
Are really the ladder for the rise of Man.”
(a) Who help in the progress of the society?
(b) Identify the figure of speech in the second line.
Answer:
(a) People who are true to themselves and rely on their own skills help the progress of the society.
(b) Metaphor

(ii) Do as directed (any three) [3 × 2 = 6]

Question 27.
Rewrite the following dialogue in reported form.
Mother : Can we go to the mall this evening?
Bharath : Here it is, Thank you!
Answer:
Bharath’s mom asked Bharath if they could go to the mall that evening. Bharath said that he was afraid he couldn’t as he was preparing for his examination.

Question 28.
Rewrite the following sentence in its passive form.
They/He/She/Someone gifted me a dress. I received it with joy.
Answer:
A dress was gifted to me. It was received with joy.

Question 29.
Convert the following into a simple sentence.
Gold is expensive yet every lady is crazy after it.
Answer:
Though gold is expensive, every lady is crazy after it.

Question 30.
I forgot the answer. I lost marks. (Combine using ‘If’)
Answer:
If I forgot the answer, I would lose marks.

PART – III

III. Answer any seven of the following: [7 × 3 = 21]
(i) Explain any two of the following with Reference to the Context: [2 × 3 = 6]

Question 31.
Have I not reason to lament
What Man has made of Man?
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem “Lines Written in Early Spring” written by William Wordsworth.

Context: William Wordsworth was inspired by a small woodland grove, a landscape of beauty. He came upon this spot when walking near Alford village. While sensing the blissful mood and happiness of birds, plants, creepers and the murmuring brook, he juxtaposed what humans did to their kind in Napoleonic wars and amidst happy nature couldn’t help feeling sad. At that occasion, he said these words.

Explanation: William Wordsworth derived extreme pleasure listening to the songs of birds and voiceless communication of joy between plants, twigs and flowers. Though he could not fathom the meaning, he realized the blissful state of nature. But he remembered the depravity of man which was evident in Napoleonic wars. He was fed up with man’s capacity to destroy innocent lives and property. So, he lamented “what man has made of man”.

Question 32.
I want to be what I used to be
Answer:
Reference: This line is from the poem “Once upon a time” written by Gabriel Okara.

Context: The poet says these words while contrasting the present hypocrisy with his past genuine relationships.

Explanation: During childhood the poet, like any child, laughed with human warmth. He used to express his love through his eyes. Now, he is changing his faces like dresses to suit the occasions and to ensure social acceptance. So, he wants to be what he used to be in the childhood.

Question 33.
And when you think he’s half asleep, he’s always wide awake
Answer:
Reference: These words are from the poem “Macavity – the mystery cat” written by T.S. Eliot.

Context: The poet says these words about the ability of the mysterious cat to hoodwink everyone.

Explanation: Macavity is a master of deceitfulness and suavity. When he appears to be half- asleep with his half-closed eyes, he would be wide-awake. He is an enigma to everyone.

(ii) Answer any two of the following questions briefly: [2 × 3 = 6]

Question 34.
What was the reaction of Bryson’s wife to his antics?
Answer:
Mrs. Bryson saw the quixotic behaviour of her husband. She was neither angry nor exasperated. But she just expressed her deep sense of wonder. She said, ‘I can’t believe you do this for a living”.

Question 35.
‘Wisdom was meant for the mansion, not for the market place’ What does this statement signify?
Answer:
During the monarchical or feudal days, universities had to train scholars and poets to adorn the chambers of royalty or the gilded mansions of the lords and nobles. Those were the days when eminent scholars were not asked to confront the problems of the masses. They were content to work in secluded places. So, the speaker says that their wisdom was meant for the mansion and not for the market place.

Question 36.
What was the turning point in the relationship between the boy author and his grandma?
Answer:
The boy author’s parents got settled in the city. They sent for them. That was a turning point in the relationship between the author and his grandmother.

(iii) Answer any three of the following: [3 × 3 = 9]

Question 37.
Re-arrange the shuffled words and frame into meaningful sentences.

1. enters/millions tons/the/every year/of/ocean/plastic
2. close/like/others/helping/my/friends
3. hawkers/there/eatables/so many/were/selling

Answer:

1. Millions tons of plastic enters the ocean every year.
2. My close friends like helping others.
3. There were so many hawkers selling eatables.

Question 38.
Describe the process of withdrawing cash from an ATM.
Answer:

1. Find an ATM of any bank.
2. Take your ATM card and put it in the slot.
3. Select the option – withdrawal.
4. Enter your secret pin when asked.
5. Wait until your transaction is complete and collect your currency.
6. Collect your card and transaction slip and leave the ATM.
7. Never share your ATM number or secret pin.

Question 39.
Expand the following news headlines:

1. Mumbai, Hyderabad Join UNESCO’s Network Of Creative Cities
2. “Jammu And Kashmir, Ladakh Taking Step Towards New Future Today,” Says PM
3. Delhi Is The Most Polluted City In The World Today, Says Air Quality Report

Answer:
1. Mumbai and Hyderabad are among the 66 urban settlements designated as creative cities by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). The designation came on World Cities’ Day, celebrated on October 31, making the two cities part of the 246-member Organisation’s Network of Creative Cities.

2. Jammu and Kashmir will have political stability and the cycle of governments formed and brought down for vested interests will stop, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said today on his government’s decision to end special status to the state under Article 370 and split it into two union territories that come into existence from today.

3. New Delhi in 2019 topped the list for being the most polluted city in the world, according to a real-time air quality ranking report by IQ Air Visual, a portal that tracks air quality and air pollution across the globe.

Question 40.
Complete the proverbs choosing the suitable words given in brackets.
Answer:

1. Haste makes ……….. (results, waste, mess)
2. Look before you ……….. (leap, jump, walk)
3. ……… loves company. (Wise, Miser, Misery)

Answer:

1. waste
2. leap
3. Misery

PART – IV

IV. Answer the following: [7 x 5 = 35]

Question 41.
Would you agree that the author’s grandmother was a person strong in character? If yes, give instances that show this.
Answer:
Yes, I agree that the author’s grandmother was a person strong in character. She was a strong woman with strong beliefs. Although she was not formally educated, she was serious about the author’s education. She could not adjust herself to the western way of life, Science and English education. She hated music and disapproved of its teaching in school. She was a deeply religious lady.

Her lips were always saying a silent prayer. She was always telling the beads of her rosary. She went to the temple daily and read the scriptures. She was distressed to know that there was no teaching about God and holy books at Khushwant’s new English school.

She was a kind lady. She used to feed dogs in the village. In the city, she took to feeding the sparrows. Although old in years and weak in body, she had great strength of mind. Knowing her impending death, she played a drum and sang with full-throated ease along with her neighbours. Just before her death, she refused to talk to the members of the family as she did not want to waste her time. She wanted to make up for the time lost when she had not prayed to God. She lay peacefully in bed saying prayers and telling the beads of her rosary till she breathed her last.

[OR]

Why is Robert Lynd amazed at the efficiency of humans to remember things?
Answer:
Robert Lynd is amazed of the efficiency of human memory. Modem man remembers telephone numbers, names of film stars, cricketers, football champions and even notorious murderers. He remarks with jest that man does not forget a single item of his clothing. No one forgets to shut the door when leaving the house. The institution of family survives in modem cities because ordinary people have efficient memory power.

In the ordinary life, man remembers almost everything he is expected to remember like birthdays and Valentine’s day. He remembers appointments for dinner and lunch. He remembers what the weather was in a long-past August. Not even one in thousand forgets, simple things like switching off lights before going upstairs or a single item of dressing. Almost everybody remembers to do the right things of the right moment till it is time to go to bed.

Question 42.
Explain the things the poet has learnt when he grew into an adult.
Answer:
The African poet observes a marked change in the attitude of modem people. Those who were once so genuine, warm and sincere, have now suddenly turned cold and hostile towards him. He realizes that the early values in the society like sincerity, good-naturedness, simplicity, whole-heartedness, hospitality, friendliness, originality and uniqueness have now drastically changed.

The earlier warmth and heartfulness have gone. He finds himself behaving the same way as those around him. He has learnt to wear different faces for different occasions. He wears faces like dresses. He says not what his heart tells him. His smiles are also fake. He smiles only to be socially accepted. He has learnt to say “Good bye”, when he wants to say ‘good riddance’. After being bored, he brings a fake smile and says “It’s been nice talking to you”.

[OR]

Do you think the poet wants to say that man is unhappy because he has lost his link with nature and forgotten how to enjoy nature or because man is cruel to other men?
Answer:
The poet William Wordsworth wants to convey the readiness of nature to teach the art of living together in harmony, peace and bliss. But man has lost his sensitivity to listen to the joyful lessons of nature. His greed and love for possession of territories and abject cruelty to fellow humans and nature has disillusioned the poet. He has almost lost faith in the capacity of humans to love and live in harmony with nature.

Man has gone to the extent of denuding the forest which really sustains life on earth. Rare species in the forests are on the brink of extinction. Animals and birds in the red list are growing in number to the great distress of nature lovers. So, I believe Wordsworth is unhappy for both (i.e) man’s losing the link with nature and his infinite capacity to be cruel to other men.

Question 43.
Write an essay of about 150 words by developing the following hints.
‘A Shot in the Dark’ – story of Philip Sletherby – befriended Mrs. Saltpen Jago, – Sletherby intends to achieve – using Mrs. Jago’s influence – train journey – Sletherby – gets Bertie, a travelling companion – Bertie claim – Mrs. Jago’s second son – Sletherby doubts – crest on Bertie – does not match – with Mrs. Jago – not able to tell mother’s hair colour – Bertie asks to borrow-Sletherby refuses. Reaches Mrs. Jago’s estate – two crests for Mrs. Jago’s estate – one matches with Bertie – Mrs. Jago of late, changed hair colour.
Answer:
Philip Sletherby is a pleasant looking young man who was well built and served the army. After four years of serving the army he returns and leaves for Chalkshire to meet Mrs. Saltpen Jago as she was an influential woman in Chalkshire and London. It was very important for Philip Sletherby to impress her. Mr. Philip Sletherby was also a politician but not much known to the people of Chalkshire. He wishes to contest for an MP seat in Chalkshire with the recommendation of Mrs. Saltpen-Jago. Fortunately he had been invited to spend the weekend with her at Brill Manor.

He believes that his political pilgrimage would turn out to be a blessing. He encounters an angry young travelling companion. Mr. Philip Sletherby loves things and uses people to advance his career prospects. At the very beginning, he doubts the credentials of Bertie who introduces himself as the younger son of Mrs. Saltpen Jago. He is quick to judge people. Though the young man wanted only three pounds, he quizzes him with many questions about his royal crest and contradicts him with his ice- cold logic. He offers to assist the young man in distress. But when Bertie wants to leave, he refuses to part with money saying that his mom was a pronounced blonde.

He prided himself for his cleverness. But he is shocked to see the double crest on the car’s door panel, demi- lion holding a cross-crosslet in his paw and a greyhound. He is petrified to learn from K.C. that Mrs. Saltpen-Jago had recently dyed her beautiful dark brown hair blonde. Mr. Sletherby realized that his cleverness has, in reality, turned out to be his meanness. He becomes troubled that his political future may be lost due to his three pound de-buckle. He has proved himself penny wise and pound foolish.

[OR]

Many patients wait – dentist’s clinic – tensed – tooth – being extracted – the arrival of the dentist – Joe, the first patient – called in – the nurse goes – with hammer – reaction – other visitors- go away fear. – was to open tool box.
Answer:
C.V. Burgess is a master craftsman who reveals only a few names. The first patient Joe and his wife Emily are the most dominant characters. Joe is inside the surgical room. Emily is anxious about the husband. Among the two children the dramatist uses only the girl’s name Dorothea and the Dentist hospital becomes a play area for Dorothea and the little boy who claim the same magazine for reading.

The snobbish woman who goes on showing her photo album gives us an impression if she came to see the doctor or to show her photos. The whole play revolves around the dramatic irony of patients’ guess as to what happened inside the dentists’ room and what really happened. The pliers, hack saw and the huge hammer were taken inside the dentist’s room only for opening the tool cabinet. But the patients wondered how these would be used in dental surgery.

The groaning noise from inside the dentist’s rooms and the vexation of Emily Joe add to the fear of the patients waiting. A few women patients leave the waiting room scared of subjecting themselves to the torture of having their bad teeth extracted with carpentry tools. The nurse moves about with all feigned seriousness without disclosing the fact of the misplacement of key.

Question 44.
Write a summary or Make notes of the following passage.
People moan about poverty as a great evil; and it seems to be an accepted belief that if people had plenty of money, they would be happy and useful and get more out of life. But, as a rule, there is more genuine satisfaction in life and more obtained from life in the humble cottages of the poor men than in the palaces of the rich. I always pity the sons and daughters of rich men, who are attended by servants and have governesses at a later stage. At the same time, I am glad to think they do not know what they have missed.

It is because I know how sweet and happy and pure the home of honest poverty is, how free from perplexing care and from social envies and jealousies how loving and united its members are in the common interest of supporting the family – that I sympathise with the rich man’s son and congratulate the poor man’s son. It is indeed for these reasons that from the ranks of the poor, so many strong, eminent, self-reliant men have always sprung and must spring in the future. If you find a list of the immortals who weren’t born to die, you will find that most of them were born poor.
Answer:
Summary
No. of words given in the original passage: 214
No. of words to be written in the summary: 214/3 = 71 ± 5

Rough Draft
Poverty is thought to be a great evil. People believe that only those who are rich will be happy and be abIe to get more out of life. But in reality it is the poor men, who enjoy the life to the fullest. It is only the poor people who are able to explore various opportunities that come their way and use it sensibly to achieve big in life is happiness in their homes as there is no social envies or jealousy. All famous people who live in our memones were born poor.

Fair Draft
Poverty – A Blessing In Disguise:
Poverty is thought to be a great evil. People believe that if they are rich, they will be happy and get more out of life. But in reality it is the poor men, who enjoy the life to the fullest. Only the poor people are able to think freely and explore various opportunities that come their way. There is happiness in their homes as there is no social envies or jealousy. All famous people who live in our memories were born poor.

No. of words in the summary: 82

[OR]

Note-making
Title: Poverty-A Blessing In Disguise
Answer:
Poverty – A great evil Accepted belief – rich r hpy.,
Genuine satisfaction A life in poor cottages
Pity rich m’s kids -hpy., they know not what they miss
Home A the Honest Poor
Hpy., pure, loving, united
free 4m worries, envy
Common Interest – Support family
Strong, eminent, self-reliant m arise
Conclusion: The list A immortals were mostly born poor,
Abbreviations: R – are; A – of; hpy. – happy; 4m – from; m – men

Question 45.
You are Radhika, studying in ZZZ School, Nilakkottai. There is an irregular supply of electricity in your town almost everyday. Write a letter to the Principal requesting him to arrange for a generator in the school.
Answer:

2nd June 2020

From
Radhika
ZZZ School

To
The Principal
ZZZ School
Nilakkottai

Respected Sir,
Sub: Arrange Generator in the School.
With due respect, I would like to submit the following facts for your kind consideration. As you know, the summer is in full swing. The temperature has already crossed 29°C. The afternoons are very hot. To add to our plight, the electricity department resorts to frequent and unannounced power-cuts. This irregular supply of electricity hinders our studies as it affects our concentration and efficiency. We are preparing hard for the forthcoming examinations. In the welfare of all the students, I request you to arrange for a generator of high power in the school.
Thanking you

Yours faithfully,
Radhika.

[OR]

Write an essay in about 150 words on ‘Cleanliness is next to Godliness’.
Answer:
Cleanliness is next to Godliness
The famous proverb ‘Cleanliness is next to Godliness’ indicates that cleanliness is the one of the most essential parts of a healthy life. As we all know that the habit of cleanliness is in our tradition and culture. Elders stress on the need to be clean always and insinuates us to do pooja and have a meal only after taking a shower. Having food should be preceded by proper hand wash. Even in some houses there are restrictions of entering to the temple and kitchen without taking bath.

Priests tell us to take bath, wash hands and wear clean clothes before involving in the pooja. There was a strict tradition of hand washing before meals among the Jewish elders too. There is a close connection between personal cleanliness and moral health of the person. Personal cleanliness is considered as the symbol of purity of body and soul. People who do not take daily bath or wear dirty clothes generally lose their confidence, self-respect and well being. Regular and proper cleanliness of self and surroundings prevent germs and thus keeps diseases out of our way.

Question 46.
Read the following sentences, spot the errors and rewrite the sentences correctly.
(a) Chitra bought half litre of milk.
(b) It has been raining since five hours.
(c) The cat jumped on the wall.
(d) One of his brother is in Sri Lanka.
(e) Children prefer TV games than story books.
Answer:
(a) Chitra bought half a litre of milk.
(b) It has been raining for five hours.
(c) The cat jumped off the wall.
(d) One of his brothers is in Sri Lanka.
(e) Children prefer TV games to story books.

[OR]

Fill in the blanks appropriately.
(a) The of cattle……..the roar of a lion and trembled with fear. (heard /herd)
(b) If you worked hard, you ……… pass, (appropriate modal verb)
(c) My grandmother ………… take me to temple on Fridays, (appropriate semi-modal verb)
(d) ………. bad weather, the cricket match was cancelled. (Use a suitable link word)
Answer:
(a) herd, heard
(b) will
(c) used to
(d) Due to

Question 47.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Invasions of exotic species into new geographical areas sometimes occur naturally without human agency. However, human actions have increased this trickle to a flood. Human caused introductions may occur either accidently or as a consequence of human transport, or intentionally but illegally to serve some private purpose or legitimately to procure some hoped-for public benefit by bringing a pest under control, producing new agricultural products or providing novel recreational opportunities.

Many introduced species are assimilated into communities without much obvious effect. However some have been responsible for dramatic changes to native species and native communities. For example, the accidental introduction of the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis into Guam, an island in the pacific, has through nest predation reduced 10 endemic forest bird species to the point of extinction. One of the major reasons for the world’s great biodiversity is the occurrence of centres of endemism so that similar habitats in different parts of the world are occupied by different groups of species that happen to have evolved there. If the species naturally had access to everywhere on the globe, we might expect a relatively small number of successful species to become dominant in each biome.

The extent to which this homogenization can happen naturally is restricted by the limited powers of dispersal of most species in the face of the physical barriers that exist to dispersal. By virtue of the transport opportunities offered by humans, these barriers have been breached by an ever-increasing number of exotic species. The effects of introductions have been to convert a hugely diverse range of local community compositions into something much more homogenous.

It would be wrong, however, to conclude that introducing species to a region will inevitably cause a decline in species richness there. For example, there are numerous species of plants, invertebrates and vertebrates found in continental Europe but absent from the British Isles (many because they have so far failed to recolonize after the last glaciations).Their introduction would be likely to augment British biodiversity. The significant detrimental effect noted above arises where aggressive species provide a novel challenge to endemic biotas ill-equipped to deal with them.
Question.

1. What has usually triggered the invasions of exotic species in different parts of the world?
2. What do you mean by “legitimate”?
3. How were 10 endemic forest bird species made extinct?
4. What is the major reason for biodiversity?
5. What is biodiversity?

Answer:

1. Human actions have triggered the invasion of exotic species either accidentally or as a consequence of transport.
2. Legitimate means ‘conforming to the law or to rules’.
3. The 10 bird species were brought to extinction through nest predation.
4. One of the major reasons for the world’s great biodiversity is the occurrence of centres of endemism so that similar habitats in different parts of the world are occupied by different groups of species that happen to have evolved there.
5. Biodiversity is a term that describes the variety and variability of life on Earth.

[OR]

Frame a dialogue between an inspector and a civilian who has lost his bike.
Answer:
Inspector : What brings you here?
Anand : Sir, I lost my Royal Enfield bike.
Inspector : Where had you parked it?
Anand : I had parked it in front of Bank of India in Mahalakshmi Street.
Inspector : Is it not a “No parking zone”?
Anand : Yes, Sir, it was a “No parking Zone”.
Inspector : Then the traffic police might have towed it away.
Anand : How do I verily if my bike has been towed away sir?
Inspector : Go behind the station and see if your bike is there. Pay the fine and take it.
Anand : Okay Sir. Thank you so much.