{"id":13311,"date":"2021-04-14T12:30:01","date_gmt":"2021-04-14T07:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress-505192-1602719.cloudwaysapps.com\/?p=13311"},"modified":"2021-04-14T14:38:01","modified_gmt":"2021-04-14T09:08:01","slug":"samacheer-kalvi-11th-bio-botany-solutions-chapter-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/samacheerkalviguru.com\/samacheer-kalvi-11th-bio-botany-solutions-chapter-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology"},"content":{"rendered":"

Students who are in search of 11th Bio Botany exam can download this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 11th Bio Botany Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology from here for free of cost. These cover all Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology Questions and Answers, PDF, Notes, Summary. Download the Samacheer Kalvi 11th Biology Book Solutions<\/a> Questions and Answers by accessing the links provided here and ace up your preparation.<\/p>\n

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology<\/h2>\n

Kickstart your preparation by using this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 11th Bio Botany Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology Questions and Answers get the max score in the exams. You can cover all the topics of Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology Questions and Answers easily after studying the Tamilnadu State Board 11th Bio Botany Textbook solutions pdf.<\/p>\n

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Vegetative Morphology Text Book Back Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

Choose the correct answer
\nSamacheer Kalvi Guru 11th Bio Botany Question 1.<\/strong>
\nWhich of the following k polycarpic plant?
\n(a) Mangifera
\n(b) Bambusa
\n(c) Musa
\n(d) Agave
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Mangifera<\/p>\n

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 11th Botany Question 2.<\/strong>
\nRoots are …………… .
\n(a) descending. negatively geotrophic, positively phototrophic
\n(b) descending, positively geotrophic, negatively phototrophic
\n(c) ascending, positively geotrophic, negatively phototrophic
\n(d) ascending, negatively geotrophic, positively phototrophic
\nAnswer:
\n(b) descending, positively geotrophic, negatively pholotrophic<\/p>\n

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Botany Solutions Question 3.<\/strong>
\nBryophyllum and Dioscorea are example for …………… .
\n(a) foliar bud, apical bud
\n(b) foliar bud, cauline bud
\n(c) cauline bud, apical bud
\n(d) cauline bud, foliar bud
\nAnswer:
\n(b) foliar bud, cauline bud<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nWhich of the following is correct statement?
\n(a) In Pisum sativum leaflets modified into tendrils
\n(b) In Atalantia terminal bud is modified into thorns
\n(c) In Nepenthes midrib is modified into lid
\n(d) In Smilax inflorescence axis is modified into tendrils
\nAnswer:
\n(b) In Pisum sativum leaflets modified into tendrils<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nSelect the mismatch pair.
\n\"Samacheer
\nAnswer:
\n(d) Allamanda – (iv) Ternate phyllotaxy<\/p>\n

Question 6.
\nDraw and label the parts of regions of root.
\nAnswer:
\nThe parts of regions of root:
\n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 7.
\nWrite the similarities and differences between
\n1. Avicennia and Trapa
\n2. Radical buds and foliar buds
\n3. Phylloclade and cladode
\nAnswer:
\n1. Avicennia and Trapa
\n2. Radical buds and foliar buds
\n3. Phylloclade and cladode
\n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 8.
\nHow root climbers differ from stem climbers?
\nAnswer:
\nRoot climbers:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Plants climbing with the help of adventitious roots (arise from nodes)<\/li>\n
  2. Example: Piper betel<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Stem climbers (twiners):<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. These climbers lack specialised structure for climbing and the stem itself coils around the support.<\/li>\n
    2. Example: Ipomoea<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Question 9.
      \nCompare sympodial branching with monopodial branching.
      \nAnswer:
      \nSympodial branching:
      \nThe terminal bud cease to grow after a period of growth and the further growth is taken care by successive or several lateral meristem or buds. This type of growth is also known as sympodial branching. Example: Cycas.<\/p>\n

      Monopodial branching:
      \nThe terminal bud grows uninterrupted and produce several lateral branches. This type of growth is also known as monopodial branching. Example: Polyalthia.<\/p>\n

      Question 10.
      \nCompare pinnate unicostate venation and palmate multicostate venation.
      \nAnswer:
      \nPinnate Unicostate Venation and Palmate Multicostate Venation:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Pinnate unicostate venation: In pinnate unicostate there is only one prominent midrib.<\/li>\n
      2. Palmate multicostate venation: In palmate multicostate there are many midribs running parallel to each other.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Text Book Activities Solved<\/p>\n

        Question 1.
        \nCollection of medicines prepared from root, stem, leaf of organic plants.
        \nAnswer:
        \nMedicines Prepared From Root, Stem, Leaf Of Organic Plants:
        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

        Question 2.
        \nPrepare a report of traditional medicines.
        \nAnswer:
        \nTraditional medicines: Ayurvcda, Siddha, Unani, Acupuncture, Homeopathy, Naturopathy, Chinese or oriental medicine.<\/p>\n

        Question 3.
        \nGrowing micro greens In class room – project work. (Green seed sprouts)
        \nAnswer:
        \nDefinition: Micro green are miniature plants of greens, herbs or vegetables. They arc rich nutrient source and also added as flavouring agent in food. Growing micro greens in classroom:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Step 1. Take a shallow tray.<\/li>\n
        • Step 2. Place a inch of organic potting soil in the bottom of tray.<\/li>\n
        • Step 3. Scatter the seeds (celery, lettuce, etc.) over the soil surface.<\/li>\n
        • Step 4. Sprinkle some water. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil.<\/li>\n
        • Step 5. Place the whole setup near the lighted window.<\/li>\n
        • Step 6. Within a day or two, seeds with germinate.<\/li>\n
        • Step 7. Maintain the moisture of soil. Greens can be harvested within 2 – 3 weeks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany\u00a0Vegetative Morphology Additional Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

          I. Multiple Choice Questions
          \nChoose the correct answer
          \nQuestion 1.
          \nThe study about external features of an organism is known as …………… .
          \n(a) morphology
          \n(b) anatomy
          \n(c) physiology
          \n(d) taxonomy
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) morphology<\/p>\n

          Question 2.
          \n…………… deals with the study of shape. site and structure of plant parts.
          \n(a) External morphology
          \n(b) Internal morphology
          \n(c) External anatomy
          \n(d) Internal anatomy
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) External morphology<\/p>\n

          Question 3.
          \nThe branch of science that deals with the classification of organisms is called as …………… .
          \n(a) taxonomy
          \n(b) morphology
          \n(c) physiology
          \n(d) anatomy
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) taxonomy<\/p>\n

          Question 4.
          \n…………… deals with the study about the root and shoot system.
          \n(a) Vegetative morphology
          \n(b) Reproductive morphology
          \n(c) External morphology
          \n(d) Internal morphology
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) Vegetative morphology<\/p>\n

          Question 5.
          \n…………… deals with the study about flowers, fruits and seeds of a plant.
          \n(a) Reproductive morphology
          \n(b) Vegetative morphology
          \n(c) External morphology
          \n(d) Internal morphology
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) Reproductive morphology<\/p>\n

          Question 6.
          \nThe general form of a plant is referred to as …………… .
          \n(a) habitat
          \n(b) structure
          \n(c) habit
          \n(d) shape and size
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) habit<\/p>\n

          Question 7.
          \n…………… are soft stemmed plants with less wood or no wood.
          \n(a) Shrubs
          \n(b) Trees
          \n(c) Herbs
          \n(d) Climbers
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) Herbs<\/p>\n

          Question 8.
          \nPerennial herbs having a bulb, corm. rhizome or tuber as the underground stem are termed as …………… .
          \n(a) thallophytes
          \n(b) rhodophytes
          \n(c) geophytes
          \n(d) cyanophytes
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) geophytes<\/p>\n

          Question 9.
          \nClimbers are also called as …………… .
          \n(a) herbs
          \n(b) trees
          \n(c) vines
          \n(d) shrubs
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) vines<\/p>\n

          Question 10.
          \n…………… is a perennial, woody plant with several main stems arising from the ground level.
          \n(a) Herb
          \n(b) Runner
          \n(c) Climber
          \n(d) Shrub
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) Shrub<\/p>\n

          Question 11.
          \n…………… is an example for vines.
          \n(a) Hibiscus
          \n(b) Phyllanthus
          \n(c) Palmyra
          \n(d) Ventilago
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) Ventilago<\/p>\n

          Question 12.
          \n…………… grows on rocks.
          \n(a) Mesophytes
          \n(b) Lithophytes
          \n(c) Xerophytes
          \n(d) Psammophytcs
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) Lithophytes<\/p>\n

          Question 13.
          \nThe plants that grows on dry habitats are called …………… .
          \n(a) meophytes
          \n(b) xerophytes
          \n(c) lithophytes
          \n(d) psammophytes
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) xerophytes<\/p>\n

          Question 14.
          \nMesophytes grows on …………… .
          \n(a) sand
          \n(b) soils with sufficient water
          \n(c) rocks
          \n(d) dry habitats
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) soils with sufficient water<\/p>\n

          Question 15.
          \n…………… grows on sand.
          \n(a) Mesophytes
          \n(b) Psammophytes
          \n(c) Lithophytes
          \n(d) Xerophytes
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) Psammophytes<\/p>\n

          Question 16.
          \nAzadirachta indica is an example for …………… .
          \n(a) psammophytes
          \n(b) mesophytes
          \n(c) lithophy es
          \n(d) xerophytes
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) mesophytes<\/p>\n

          Question 17.
          \nIpomoea pes – caprae is an example for …………… .
          \n(a) mesophyles
          \n(b) psammophytes
          \n(c) lithophytes
          \n(d) serophytes
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) psammophytes<\/p>\n

          Question 18.
          \n…………… is an example for xerophytes.
          \n(a) Lichens
          \n(b) Euphorbia
          \n(c) Ficus
          \n(d) Ipomoea
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) Euphorbia<\/p>\n

          Question 19.
          \nPlants growing emergent in marshy saline habitat are called as …………… plants.
          \n(a) free floating
          \n(b) submerged
          \n(c) emergent
          \n(d) mangroves
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) mangroves<\/p>\n

          Question 20.
          \n…………… type of aquatic plants with roots or stems are anchored to the substrate under water with aerial shoots growing above water.
          \n(a) Submerged
          \n(b) Free floating
          \n(c) Emergent
          \n(d) Mangroves
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) Emergent<\/p>\n

          Question 21.
          \nHydrilla and Vallisneria are the examples of …………… type of aquatic plants.
          \n(a) emergent
          \n(b) free floating
          \n(c) submerged
          \n(d) mangroves
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) submerged<\/p>\n

          Question 22.
          \nPlants that grows completely under water are called as ……………. type of aquatic plants.
          \n(a) emergent
          \n(b) free floating
          \n(c) submerged
          \n(d) mangroves
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) submerged<\/p>\n

          Question 23.
          \nPlants growing on the water surface are called as …………… type of aquatic plants.
          \n(a) emergent
          \n(b) submerged
          \n(c) free floating
          \n(d) mangroves
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) free floating<\/p>\n

          Question 24.
          \nTherophyte is a plant that completes its life cycle in …………… growing season.
          \n(a) one
          \n(b) two
          \n(c) three
          \n(d) several
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) one<\/p>\n

          Question 25.
          \nA plant that grows vegetatively during the first season and undergoes flowering and fruiting during the second season is called as …………… .
          \n(a) biennial
          \n(b) therophyte
          \n(c) perennial
          \n(d) geophyte
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) biennial<\/p>\n

          Question 26.
          \nSpinach, carrot and lettuce are the examples of …………… .
          \n(a) biennial
          \n(b) annual
          \n(c) geophytes
          \n(d) ephemerals
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) biennial<\/p>\n

          Question 27.
          \nA plant that grows for many years that flowers and set fruits for several season during the life span is called as …………… .
          \n(a) geophytes
          \n(b) annual
          \n(c) biennial
          \n(d) ephemerals
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) geophytes<\/p>\n

          Question 28.
          \nWhen perennial plants bear fruits every year they are called as …………… .
          \n(a) polycarpic
          \n(b) ephemerals
          \n(c) annual
          \n(d) therophyte
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) polycarpic<\/p>\n

          Question 29.
          \nTalipot palm, Bamboo and Agave are examples of …………… .
          \n(a) polycarpic geophytes
          \n(b) therophytes
          \n(c) monocarpic geophytes
          \n(d) biennial
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) monocarpic geophytes<\/p>\n

          Question 30.
          \nWatermelon is a \/ an …………… plant.
          \n(a) biennial
          \n(b) perennial
          \n(c) geophytic
          \n(d) ephemeral
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) ephemeral<\/p>\n

          Question 31.
          \n…………… is an example for polycarpic perennial.
          \n(a) Peas
          \n(b) Fennel
          \n(c) Agave
          \n(d) Sapota
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) Sapota<\/p>\n

          Question 32.
          \nFlowering plants are also called as …………… .
          \n(a) sporophytes
          \n(b) thallophytes
          \n(c) magnoliophytes
          \n(d) phaeophytes
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) magnoliophytes<\/p>\n

          Question 33.
          \nThe part of a plant that arises from radicle is …………… .
          \n(a) stem
          \n(b) root
          \n(c) bud
          \n(d) flower
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) root<\/p>\n

          Question 34.
          \nRoot cap is made up of …………… cells.
          \n(a) parenchyma
          \n(b) collenchyma
          \n(c) sclerenchyma
          \n(d) chlorenchyma
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) parenchyma<\/p>\n

          Question 35.
          \nIn …………… plant multiple root cap is seen.
          \n(a) Pandanus
          \n(b) Pistia
          \n(c) Bougainvillea
          \n(d) Pea
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) Pandanus<\/p>\n

          Question 36.
          \nRoot pockets are seen in …………… .
          \n(a) Pandanus
          \n(b) Pistia
          \n(c) Bougainvillea
          \n(d) Pea
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) Pistia<\/p>\n

          Question 37.
          \nIn …………… zone of the root, the cells get differentiated.
          \n(a) Root hair zone
          \n(b) Elongation zone
          \n(c) Meristematic zone
          \n(d) Maturation zone
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) Maturation zone<\/p>\n

          Question 38.
          \nRoots developing from any part of the plant other than the radicle is called …………… root.
          \n(a) fibrous
          \n(b) adventitious
          \n(c) tap
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) adventitious<\/p>\n

          Question 39.
          \nMatch the following topics with correct examples.
          \n\"Samacheer
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) a – ii, b – iv, c – i, d – iii.<\/p>\n

          Question 40.
          \nThe cells of this region undergo active cell division …………… .
          \n(a) root hair zone
          \n(b) maturation zone
          \n(c) elongation zone
          \n(d) meristematic zone
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) meristematic zone<\/p>\n

          Question 41.
          \nTap root system develops from this part of embryo …………… .
          \n(a) plumule
          \n(b) coleoptile
          \n(c) node
          \n(d) radicle
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) radicle<\/p>\n

          Question 42.
          \nNegatively geotropic roots are seen in plant like …………… .
          \n(a) Beta vulgaris
          \n(b) Hibiscus
          \n(c) Rhizophora
          \n(d) Euphorbia
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) Rhizophora<\/p>\n

          Question 43.
          \nRespiratory roots are found in …………… .
          \n(a) Sweet potato
          \n(b) Bruguiera
          \n(c) Mango
          \n(d) Dahlia
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) Bruguiera<\/p>\n

          Question 44.
          \nBeaded root are also called as …………… root.
          \n(a) annulated
          \n(b) moniliform
          \n(c) tuberous
          \n(d) fasciculated
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) moniliform<\/p>\n

          Question 45.
          \nMatch the following.
          \n\"Samacheer
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) a – iv, b – iii, c – ii, d – i.<\/p>\n

          Question 46.
          \nMatch the following.
          \n\"Samacheer
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) a – v, b – i, c – ii, d – iii, e – iv.<\/p>\n

          Question 47.
          \nThe roots that grows vertically downwards from the lateral branches into the soil is called as …………… roots
          \n(a) brace
          \n(b) climbing
          \n(c) buttress
          \n(d) prop
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) prop<\/p>\n

          Question 48.
          \n…………… roots are thick roots growing obliquely from the basal nodes of their main stem.
          \n(a) pillar
          \n(b) stilt
          \n(c) buttress
          \n(d) prop
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) stilt<\/p>\n

          Question 49.
          \nClasping roots are also called as …………… .
          \n(a) Pillar
          \n(b) Stilt
          \n(c) Clinging
          \n(d) Buttress
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) Clinging<\/p>\n

          Question 50.
          \nMatch the following.
          \n\"Samacheer
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) a – iii, b – iv, c – i, d – ii.<\/p>\n

          Question 51.
          \nWhich part of embryo develops into stem?
          \n(a) Radicle
          \n(b) Micropyle
          \n(c) Ostia
          \n(d) Plumule
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) Plumule<\/p>\n

          Question 52.
          \nThe point from which leaf arises is called as …………… .
          \n(a) internode
          \n(b) intranode
          \n(c) node
          \n(d) code
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) node<\/p>\n

          Question 53.
          \nWhich is not a character of stem?
          \n(a) Exogenous branches
          \n(b) Descending portion
          \n(c) Nodes
          \n(d) buds
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) Descending portion<\/p>\n

          Question 54.
          \nWhich is not a function of stem?
          \n(a) Support
          \n(b) transport of food
          \n(c) Transport of water
          \n(d) Absorption of water
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) Absorption of water<\/p>\n

          Question 55.
          \nWhich is the primary function of stem?
          \n(a) Storage
          \n(b) Perennation
          \n(c) Photosynthesis
          \n(d) Water transport
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) Water transport<\/p>\n

          Question 56.
          \nCollateral bud is a …………… bud.
          \n(a) terminal
          \n(b) lateral
          \n(c) extra axillary
          \n(d) accessory
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) accessory<\/p>\n

          Question 57.
          \nCauline buds arise from …………… .
          \n(a) root
          \n(b) stem
          \n(c) leaf
          \n(d) nodes
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) stem<\/p>\n

          Question 58.
          \nWhich of the following plant produces bulbils?
          \n(a) Bryophyllum
          \n(b) Begonia
          \n(c) Allium proliferum
          \n(d) Solanum americanum
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) Allium proliferum<\/p>\n

          Question 59.
          \n…………… plants produce foliar buds.
          \n(a) Allium
          \n(b) Solanum
          \n(c) Citrus
          \n(d) Begonia
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) Begonia<\/p>\n

          Question 60.
          \nRadical buds develop from …………… .
          \n(a) root
          \n(b) stem
          \n(c) leaf
          \n(d) plumule
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) root<\/p>\n

          Question 61.
          \nIn Polyalthia longifolia, the stem is …………… .
          \n(a) decurrent
          \n(b) caudex
          \n(c) excurrent
          \n(d) culm
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) excurrent<\/p>\n

          Question 62.
          \nWhich of the following is not a creeper?
          \n(a) Cynodon
          \n(b) Oxalis
          \n(c) Indigofera
          \n(d) Centella
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) Indigofera<\/p>\n

          Question 63.
          \nClockwise coiling climbers are called …………… .
          \n(a) hexose
          \n(b) dextrose
          \n(c) ministrose
          \n(d) sinistrose
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) dextrose<\/p>\n

          Question 64.
          \nIn Artabotrys, …………… is modified into hook.
          \n(a) leaflets
          \n(b) inflorescence axis
          \n(c) petiole
          \n(d) axillary buds
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) inflorescence axis<\/p>\n

          Question 65.
          \n…………… are woody stem climbers.
          \n(a) Lianas
          \n(b) Tendrils
          \n(c) Phylloclade
          \n(d) Phyllode
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) Lianas<\/p>\n

          Question 66.
          \n……………. is a characteristic adaptation of xerophytes.
          \n(a) Hook
          \n(b) Thorn
          \n(c) Cladode
          \n(d) Phylloclade
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) Phylloclade<\/p>\n

          Question 67.
          \nFlattened cladode is present in …………… .
          \n(a) Asparagus
          \n(b) Atalantia
          \n(c) Carissa
          \n(d) Ruscus
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) Rusus<\/p>\n

          Question 68.
          \nMusa is an example for …………… .
          \n(a) climber
          \n(b) runner
          \n(c) stolon
          \n(d) sucker
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) sucker<\/p>\n

          Question 69.
          \nEichhornia exhibit …………… type of stem modification.
          \n(a) stolon
          \n(b) offset
          \n(c) runner
          \n(d) sucker
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) offset<\/p>\n

          Question 70.
          \nUnderground stems are generally called as …………… .
          \n(a) root caps
          \n(b) root stocks
          \n(c) root pockets
          \n(d) root modification
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) root stocks<\/p>\n

          Question 71.
          \nWhich is not a character of root stock?
          \n(a) Nodes
          \n(b) Internodes
          \n(c) Terminal bud
          \n(d) Root cap
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) Root cap<\/p>\n

          Question 72.
          \nWhich is an example for compound tunicated bulb?
          \n(a) Allium cepa
          \n(b) Allium sativum
          \n(c) Tulipa sps.
          \n(d) Bulbophyllum
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) Allium sativum<\/p>\n

          Question 73.
          \n…………… is a pseudobulb.
          \n(a) Allium cepa
          \n(b) Allium sativum
          \n(c) Tulipa sps.
          \n(d) Bulbophyllum
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) Bulbophyllum<\/p>\n

          Question 74.
          \n…………… is a horizontally growing underground stem.
          \n(a) Corm
          \n(b) Rhizome
          \n(c) Bulb
          \n(d) Tuber
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) Rhizome<\/p>\n

          Question 75.
          \nAll the leaves of a plant together called as …………… .
          \n(a) phyllome
          \n(b) phyllode
          \n(c) phylloclade
          \n(d) Phyllanthus
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) phyllome<\/p>\n

          Question 76.
          \nWhich Is not a primary function of leaf?
          \n(a) Photosynthesis
          \n(b) Transpiration
          \n(c) Storage
          \n(d) Gas exchange
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) Storage<\/p>\n

          Question 77.
          \nLamina of leaf is called as …………… .
          \n(a) hypopodium
          \n(b) mesopodium
          \n(c) endopodiurn
          \n(d) epipodium
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) epipodium<\/p>\n

          Question 78.
          \nSwollen, broad leaf base Is called as …………… .
          \n(a) phyttome
          \n(b) pulvinus
          \n(c) stipule
          \n(d) bract
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) pulvinus<\/p>\n

          Question 79.
          \nPulvinus is a characteristic feature of …………… .
          \n(a) Malvaceae
          \n(b) Fabaceae
          \n(c) Musaceae
          \n(d) Solanaceae
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) Fabaceae<\/p>\n

          Question 80.
          \nStalk of leaf is called as …………… .
          \n(a) pedicel
          \n(b) pctiole
          \n(c) phyllum
          \n(d) perianth
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) petiote<\/p>\n

          Question 81.
          \nPoaceac is seen in …………… family.
          \n(a) Malvaceae
          \n(b) Fabaceae
          \n(c) Musaccac
          \n(d) Sotanaccac
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) Musacese<\/p>\n

          Question 82.
          \nWhich of the following plant possess sessile leases?
          \n(a) Hibiscus
          \n(b) mangifera
          \n(c) Psidiun
          \n(d) Gloriosa
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) Gloriosa<\/p>\n

          Question 83.
          \nArrangement of veins on lamina is called …………… .
          \n(a) venalion
          \n(b) aesivation
          \n(c) placentation
          \n(d) phyllotaxy
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) venation<\/p>\n

          Question 84.
          \nParallel venatlon is the characteristic feature of …………… .
          \n(a) angiospertns
          \n(b) gymnosperms
          \n(c) dicots
          \n(d) monocots
          \nAns.
          \n(d) monocots<\/p>\n

          Question 85.
          \nIn greek, ‘taxis\u2019 means …………… .
          \n(a) crowding
          \n(b) spreading
          \n(c) arrangement
          \n(d) attachment
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) arrangement<\/p>\n

          Question 86.
          \nPalmately parallel divergent venation is seen in …………… .
          \n(a) Carica papaya
          \n(b) Borassus flabellifer
          \n(c) Zizyphus
          \n(d) Cinnamomum
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) Borassus flabellifer<\/p>\n

          Question 87.
          \nSpiral arrangement of leaves show vertical rows called …………… .
          \n(a) decussate
          \n(b) bifarious
          \n(c) orthostichies
          \n(d) distichous
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) orthostichies<\/p>\n

          Question 88.
          \nNerium exhibits …………… phyllotaxy.
          \n(a) ternate
          \n(b) whorled
          \n(c) decussate
          \n(d) alternate
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) ternate<\/p>\n

          Question 89.
          \nIn Allamanda, …………… phyllotaxy is seen.
          \n(a) ternate
          \n(b) verticillate
          \n(c) alternate
          \n(d) opposite
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) verticillate<\/p>\n

          Question 90.
          \nThe secondary rachii are called as …………… .
          \n(a) stipel
          \n(b) ligule
          \n(c) petiole
          \n(d) pinnae
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) pinnae<\/p>\n

          Question 91.
          \nTripinnate compound leaves are seen in …………… .
          \n(a) Citrus
          \n(b) Oxalis
          \n(c) Oroxylum
          \n(d) Allamanda
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) Oroxylum<\/p>\n

          Question 92.
          \nIn Gloriosa, …………… is modified into tendril.
          \n(a) apical leaflet
          \n(b) entire leaf
          \n(c) leaf tip
          \n(d) Petiole
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) leaf tip<\/p>\n

          Question 93.
          \nIn Euphorbia, …………… are modified into spines.
          \n(a) stipels
          \n(b) ligules
          \n(c) stipules
          \n(d) Petiole
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) stipules<\/p>\n

          Question 94.
          \nStorage leaves are observed in …………… family.
          \n(a) Solanaceae
          \n(b) Cucurbitaceae
          \n(c) Crassulaceae
          \n(d) Musaceae
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) Crassulaceae<\/p>\n

          Question 95.
          \nPhyllodes are the modification of …………… .
          \n(a) pedicel
          \n(b) pinnae
          \n(c) petiole
          \n(d) stipule
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) petiole<\/p>\n

          Question 96.
          \n…………… is an example for pitcher.
          \n(a) Sarracenia
          \n(b) Acacia
          \n(c) Parkinsonia
          \n(d) Sedum
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) Sarracenia<\/p>\n

          Question 97.
          \nStamens are equivalent to …………… .
          \n(a) megasporophyll
          \n(b) microsporophyll
          \n(c) microsporangium
          \n(d) megasporangium
          \nAnswer:
          \n(a) megasporophyll<\/p>\n

          Question 98.
          \nRolling or folding of individual leaves is called …………… .
          \n(a) venation
          \n(b) phyllotaxy
          \n(c) ptyxis
          \n(d) branching
          \nAnswer:
          \n(c) ptyxis<\/p>\n

          Question 99.
          \nIn Mimusops, the leaves are …………… .
          \n(a) fagacious
          \n(b) evergreen
          \n(c) deciduous
          \n(d) marcescent
          \nAnswer:
          \n(b) evergreen<\/p>\n

          Question 100.
          \nHeterophylly is mainly seen in …………… .
          \n(a) xerophytes
          \n(b) mesophytes
          \n(c) lithophytes
          \n(d) hydrophytes
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) hydrophytes<\/p>\n

          Question 101.
          \nIsobilateral leaf is seen in …………… .
          \n(a) onion
          \n(b) pine
          \n(c) tridax
          \n(d) grass
          \nAnswer:
          \n(d) grass<\/p>\n

          II. Very Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks)<\/p>\n

          Question 1.
          \nDefine morphology.
          \nAnswer:
          \nThe study of various external features of the organism is known as morphology.<\/p>\n

          Question 2.
          \nWhat is plant morphology?
          \nAnswer:
          \nPlant morphology also known as external morphology deals with the study of shape, size and structure of plants and their parts like (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds).<\/p>\n

          Question 3.
          \nDifferentiate between vegetative morphology & reproductive morphology.
          \nAnswer:
          \nbetween vegetative morphology & reproductive morphology:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Vegetative morphology:\u00a0 Vegetative morphology deals with the shoot system and root system.<\/li>\n
          2. Reproductive morphology:\u00a0 Reproductive morphology deals with flowers, inflorescence, fruits & seals.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Question 4.
            \nDefine shrub. Give an example.
            \nAnswer:
            \nA shrub is a perennial, woody plant with several main stems arising from the ground level. e.g.. Hibiscus<\/p>\n

            Question 5.
            \nClassify plants based on habitat.
            \nAnswer:
            \nDepending upon where plants grow habitats may be classified into major categories:<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Terrestrial and<\/li>\n
            2. Aquatic.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Question 6.
              \nDistinguish between terrestrial and aquatic plants.
              \nAnswer:
              \nBetween terrestrial and aquatic plants:<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Terrestrial plants:\u00a0 Plants growing on land are called terrestrial plants.<\/li>\n
              2. Aquatic plants: Plants living in water environment are called aquatic plants.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Question 7.
                \nClassify the terrestrial plants based on their adaptation.
                \nAnswer:
                \nMcsophytes, serophytes, psammophytes and lithophytes.<\/p>\n

                Question 8.
                \nWhat do you mean by caudex?
                \nAnswer:
                \nIf the trunk of a plant remains unbranched it is said to be caudex. e.g.. Palmyra and coconut.<\/p>\n

                Question 9.
                \nWhat is a liana? Mention its importance.
                \nAnswer:
                \nLiana is a vine that is perennial and woody. Lianas are major components in the tree canopy layer of some tropical forests. e.g. Ventilago.<\/p>\n

                Question 10.
                \nWhat are therophytes?
                \nAnswer:
                \nTherophyte is a plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season. e.g. Peas.<\/p>\n

                Question 11.
                \nName the two primary functions of roots.
                \nAnswer:
                \nThe two primary functions of roots:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Absorption of water and nutrients from soil.<\/li>\n
                2. Anchorage of plants in soil.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Question 12.
                  \nWhere does the roots develop from?
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nRoot develops from the radicle which is the first structure that comes out when a seed is placed in the soil.<\/p>\n

                  Question 13.
                  \nGive an example for
                  \n(a) Free floating plants
                  \n(b) Submerged plants
                  \n(c) Mangroves and
                  \n(d) Emergent plants?
                  \nAnswer:
                  \n(a) Free floating plant – e.g Pistia.
                  \n(b) Submerged plant – e.g: Hydrilla
                  \n(c) Mangroves – e.g: Avicennia
                  \n(d) Emergent – e.g: Typha<\/p>\n

                  Question 14.
                  \nWhat is root cap? Mention its role.
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nRoot tip is covered by a dome shaped parenchymatous cells called root Cap. It protects the meristematic cells in the apex.<\/p>\n

                  Question 15.
                  \nExplain the nature of root based on tropism.
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nBased on tropism. roots are positively geotropic and negatively phototropic.<\/p>\n

                  Question 16.
                  \nWhat are adventitious roots?
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nRoots developing from any part of the plant other than radicle is called adventitious roots.<\/p>\n

                  Question 17.
                  \nWhy do roots modify their structure? Name the types of root modification.
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nRoots modify their structure to perform secondary functions. The two types of root modification are tap root modification and fibrous root modification.<\/p>\n

                  Question 18.
                  \nName the places from which adventitious roots arise.
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nAdventitious roots may rise from base of stem, nodes or internodes.<\/p>\n

                  Question 19.
                  \nWhat are prop roots? Give an example.
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nProp (Pillar) roots grow vertically downward from the lateral branches into the soil, e.g., Ficus benghalensis (banyan tree) and Indian rubber.<\/p>\n

                  Question 20.
                  \nHow velamen helps the Vanda plant?
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nVelamen is a spongy tissue developed by epiphytic roots of Vanda. It helps in absorption of moisture from atmosphere.<\/p>\n

                  Question 21.
                  \nWhich type of adventitious roots are seen in Bryophyllum plants?
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nBryophyllum produces foliar roots which arise from the veins or lamina of leaf for the formation of new plants.<\/p>\n

                  Question 22.
                  \nHow Cuscuta survives?
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nCuscuta is a parasitic plant which produces haustorial roots from stem that penetrates into the tissue of host plant and suck nutrients. Thus Cuscuta survives.<\/p>\n

                  Question 23.
                  \n\u201cRoots perform photosynthesis\u201d – Justify with example.
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nRoots of some climbing or epiphytic plants develop chlorophyll and turn green which help in photosynthesis. These roots are called as photosynthetic roots. e.g.,Tinospora.<\/p>\n

                  Question 24.
                  \nWhich part of embryo gives rise to root and shoot?
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nRadicle gives rise to root. Plumule gives rise to shoot.<\/p>\n

                  Question 25.
                  \nDefine node & internode.
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nNode & Internode:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Node: The point from which the leaf arises is called node.<\/li>\n
                  • Internode: The region between two adjacent nodes is called intemode.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Question 26.
                    \nExplain stem based on tropism.
                    \nAnswer:
                    \nStem is positively phototropic & negatively geotropic.<\/p>\n

                    Question 27.
                    \nClassify buds based on their origin & function.
                    \nAnswer:
                    \nBuds based on their origin & functio:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. Based on origin, buds are classified into (a) Terminal or Apical bud and (b) Lateral or Axillary or Axil bud.<\/li>\n
                    2. Based on function, buds are classified into (a) Vegetative bud and (b) Floral or Reproductive bud.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Question 28.
                      \nWhat are adventitious buds? Give an example.
                      \nAnswer:
                      \nBuds arising at any part other than stem are known as adventitious bud. e.g., Begonia.<\/p>\n

                      Question 29.
                      \nMention various types of stem seen in angiosperms.
                      \nAnswer:
                      \nMajority of angiosperm possess upright, vertically growing erect stem. They are:<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. Excurrent<\/li>\n
                      2. Decurrent<\/li>\n
                      3. Caudex and<\/li>\n
                      4. Culm.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        Question 30.
                        \nWhy do certain plants climb?
                        \nAnswer:
                        \nClimbing helps to display the leaves towards sunlight and to position the flower for effective pollination.<\/p>\n

                        Question 31.
                        \nWhat are creepers? Give example.
                        \nAnswer:
                        \nCreepers are plants growing horizontally closer to the ground and produces roots at each node. e.g., Oxalis.<\/p>\n

                        Question 32.
                        \nDistinguish between dextrose & sinistrose climbers.
                        \nAnswer:
                        \nBetween dextrose & sinistrose climbers:<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. Dextrose: Clockwise coiling climbers are called dextrose, e.g. Dioscorea alata.<\/li>\n
                        2. Sinistrose: Anti – clockwise coiling climbers are called sinistrose. e.g. Dioscorea bulbifera.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Question 33.
                          \nWhat are root stocks? What are its function?
                          \nAnswer:
                          \nPerennial and some biennial herbs have underground stems, which are generally known as root stocks.\u00a0 Root stock functions as a storage and protective organ.<\/p>\n

                          Question 34.
                          \nWhat is a bulb? Mention its types.
                          \nAnswer:
                          \nBulb is a condensed, conical or convex stem surrounded by fleshy scale leaves. There are two types:<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. Tunicated (coated) bulb and<\/li>\n
                          2. Scaly bulb.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            Question 35.
                            \nDefine branching. Mention its types.
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nThe mode of arrangement of branches on a stem is known as branching. There are two main types of branching:<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. Lateral branching and<\/li>\n
                            2. Dichotomous branching.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              Question 36.
                              \nDefine phyllome.
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nAll the leaves of a plant together are referred as phyllome.<\/p>\n

                              Question 37.
                              \nList out any four primary functions of leaves.
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nPhotosynthesis, transpiration, gaseous exchange and protection of buds.<\/p>\n

                              Question 38.
                              \nWhat is a leaf base?
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nThe part of the leaf attached to the node of the stem is called leaf base. It protects growing buds at its axil.<\/p>\n

                              Question 39.
                              \nWhat is pulvinus?
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nIn legumes leaf base become broad, thick and swollen which is known as pulvinus. e.g., Clitoria.<\/p>\n

                              Question 40.
                              \nWhich leaf part acts a bridge between leaf & stem? Define.
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nPetiole is the bridge between leaf and stem. Petiole or leaf stalk is a cylindrical or subcylindrical or flattened structure of a leaf which joins the lamina with the stem.<\/p>\n

                              Question 41.
                              \nMention the types of leaves based on petiole.
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nA leaf with petiole is said to be petiolate. e.g. Hibiscus. Leaves that do not possess petiole is said to be sessile, e.g. Calotropis.<\/p>\n

                              Question 42.
                              \nWhat are stipules? State its functions.
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nStipules are the two lateral appendages develop at the leaf base of dicot plants. Stipules protects the leaf in bud condition.<\/p>\n

                              Question 43.
                              \nDefine venation. Mention its types.
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nThe arrangement of veins and veinlets on the leaf blade or lamina is called venation. Venation is classified into two types:<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. Reticulate venation and<\/li>\n
                              2. Parallel venation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                Question 44.
                                \nDefine ligule.
                                \nAnswer:
                                \nIn some grasses (Monocots) an additional out growth is present between leaf base and lamina. It is called ligule.<\/p>\n

                                Question 45.
                                \nWhat are stipulate & exstipulate leaves?
                                \nAnswer:
                                \nStipulate & Exstipulate Leaves:<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                1. Leaves with stipules are called stipulate leaves.<\/li>\n
                                2. Leaves without stipules are called exstipulate or estipulate leaves.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                  Question 46.
                                  \nDefine phyllotaxy. Mention its types.
                                  \nAnswer:
                                  \nThe mode of arrangement of leaves on the stem is known as phyllotaxy.\u00a0 There are 4 types of phyllotaxy:<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  1. Alternate<\/li>\n
                                  2. Opposite<\/li>\n
                                  3. Temate and<\/li>\n
                                  4. Whorled.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                    Question 47.
                                    \nHow phyllotaxy helps the plants?
                                    \nAnswer:
                                    \nPhyllotaxy is to avoid over crowding of leaves and expose the leaves maximum to the sunlight for photosynthesis.<\/p>\n

                                    Question 48.
                                    \nYou are given a mango leaf. Which type does it belongs to? Define it.
                                    \nAnswer:
                                    \nMango leaf is a simple leaf. A simple leaf is the one, where the petiole bears a single lamina.<\/p>\n

                                    Question 49.
                                    \nDefine heterophylly. Which type of plants show this adaptation?
                                    \nAnswer:
                                    \nOccurence of two different kinds of leaves in the same plants is called heterophylly. Heterophylly is an adaptation of aquatic plants.<\/p>\n

                                    Question 50.
                                    \nWhen a leaf is said to be centric?
                                    \nAnswer:
                                    \nWhen the leaf is more or less cylindrical and directed upwards or downwards, as in pine and onion, etc., the leaf is said to be centric.<\/p>\n

                                    Question 51.
                                    \nWhich type of leaf is common among monocots? Define it.
                                    \nAnswer:
                                    \nWhen the leaf is directed vertically upwards, as in many monocotyledons, it is said to be ‘ isobilateral leaf. Example: Grass.<\/p>\n

                                    Question 52.
                                    \nDefine ptyxis.
                                    \nAnswer:
                                    \nRolling or folding of individual leaves is called as ptyxis.<\/p>\n

                                    Question 53.
                                    \nClassify plants based on habit.
                                    \nAnswer:
                                    \nBased on habit plants are classified into herbs, shrubs, climbers (vines) and trees.<\/p>\n

                                    Question 54.
                                    \nMusa is a monocarpic perennial. Give possible reason.
                                    \nAnswer:
                                    \nMusa is a monocarpic perennial, since it produces flowers and fruits only once and die after a vegetative growth of several years.<\/p>\n

                                    Question 55.
                                    \nWhat are the parts that constitute the typical leaf?
                                    \nAnswer:
                                    \nThere are three main parts in a typical leaf:<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    1. Leaf base (Hypopodium)<\/li>\n
                                    2. Petiole (Mesopodium) and<\/li>\n
                                    3. Lamina (Epipodium).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                      Question 56.
                                      \nWhat is a pseudobulb?
                                      \nAnswer:
                                      \nPseudobulb is a short erect aerial storage or propagating stem of certain epiphytic and terrestrial sympodial orchids, e.g. Bulbophyllum.<\/p>\n

                                      Question 57.
                                      \nWhich factor determines the branching patterns?
                                      \nAnswer:
                                      \nBranching pattern is determined by the relative activity of apical meristem.<\/p>\n

                                      Question 58.
                                      \nMention the secondary functions of leaf with an example for each.
                                      \nAnswer:
                                      \nFunctions:<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      1. Storage<\/li>\n
                                      2. Protection<\/li>\n
                                      3. Support<\/li>\n
                                      4. Reproduction<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                        Examples:<\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        1. Aloe<\/li>\n
                                        2. Opuntia<\/li>\n
                                        3. Nepenthes<\/li>\n
                                        4. Bryophyllum<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                          Question 59.
                                          \nList out the families that possess sheathing leafbase.
                                          \nAnswer:
                                          \nArecaceae, Musaceae, Zingiberaceae and Poaceae.<\/p>\n

                                          Question 60.
                                          \nWhat are stipels?
                                          \nAnswer:
                                          \nSometimes, small stipule like outgrowths are found at the base of leaflets of a compound leaf. They are called stipels.<\/p>\n

                                          Question 61.
                                          \nCompare the stem nature of Corm and Rhizome
                                          \nAnswer:
                                          \nCorm:<\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          1. Stem is succulent underground<\/li>\n
                                          2. Presence of erect growing tips.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                            Rhizome:<\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                            1. Stem is horizontal underground<\/li>\n
                                            2. Presence of lateral growing tips.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                              III. Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks)<\/p>\n

                                              Question 1.
                                              \nMorphological study is important in Taxonomy. Why?
                                              \nAnswer:
                                              \nMorphological features are important in determining productivity of crops. Morphological characters indicate the specific habitats of living as well as the fossil plants and help to correlate the distribution in space and time of fossil plants. Morphological features are also significant for phylogeny.<\/p>\n

                                              Question 2.
                                              \nDifferentiate between polycarpic and monocarpic perennial.
                                              \nAnswer:
                                              \nPolycarpic perennial:<\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              1. When they bear fruits every year, they are called polycarpic.<\/li>\n
                                              2. e.g. mango, sapota, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                Monocarpic perennial:<\/p>\n

                                                  \n
                                                1. Some plants produce flowers and fruits only once and die after a vegetative growth of several years. These plants are called monocarpic.<\/li>\n
                                                2. e.g. Bamboo, Agave, Musa, Talipot palm.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                  Question 3.
                                                  \nList down the key difference between roots and shoots.
                                                  \nAnswer:
                                                  \nRoots:<\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  1. Positively geotropic<\/li>\n
                                                  2. Negatively phototropic<\/li>\n
                                                  3. Non – green in colour<\/li>\n
                                                  4. Nodes, intemodes and buds are absent<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                    Shoots:<\/p>\n

                                                      \n
                                                    1. Negatively geotropic<\/li>\n
                                                    2. Positively phototropic<\/li>\n
                                                    3. Green in colour<\/li>\n
                                                    4. Nodes, intemodes and buds are present<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                      \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                                                      Question 4.
                                                      \nName the three distinct zones of root.
                                                      \nAnswer:
                                                      \nThe three distinct zones of root:<\/p>\n

                                                        \n
                                                      1. Meristematic Zone<\/li>\n
                                                      2. Zone of Elongation<\/li>\n
                                                      3. Zone of Maturation<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                        Question 5.
                                                        \nDraw a simplified diagram showing the various regions of root.
                                                        \nAnswer:
                                                        \nThe various regions of root:
                                                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                                                        Question 6.
                                                        \nGive a brief account on tap root system.
                                                        \nAnswer:
                                                        \nPrimary root is the direct prolongation of the radicle. When the primary root persists and continues to grow as in dicotyledons, it forms the main root of the plant and is called the tap root. Tap root produces lateral roots that further branches into finer roots. Lateral roots along with its branches together called as secondary roots.<\/p>\n

                                                        Question 7.
                                                        \nHow does the fibrous root system develops?
                                                        \nAnswer:
                                                        \nMost of the monocots the primary root of the seedling is short lived and lateral roots arise from various regions of the plant body. These are bunch of thread – like roots equal in size which are collectively called fibrous root system generally found in grasses. Example: Oryza sativa.<\/p>\n

                                                        Question 8.
                                                        \nBriefly explain the development process of leaf primordium.
                                                        \nAnswer:
                                                        \nThe plumule of the embryo of a germinating seed grows into stem. The epicotyl elongates after embryo growth into the axis (the stem) that bears leaves from its tip, which contain the actively dividing cells of the shoot called apical meristem. Further cell divisions and growth result in the formation of mass of tissue called a leaf primordium.<\/p>\n

                                                        Question 9.
                                                        \nName the three types of Adventitious buds.
                                                        \nAnswer:
                                                        \nThe three types of Adventitious buds:<\/p>\n

                                                          \n
                                                        1. Radical buds<\/li>\n
                                                        2. Foliar buds<\/li>\n
                                                        3. Cauline buds<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                          Question 10.
                                                          \nWrite a brief note on Bulbils.
                                                          \nAnswer:
                                                          \nBulbils (or specialized buds): Bulbils are modified and enlarged bud, meant for propagation. When bulbils detach from parent plant and fall on the ground, they germinate into new plants and serve as a means of vegetative propagation, e.g., Agave.<\/p>\n

                                                          Question 11.
                                                          \nDistinguish between root climbers and stem climbers.
                                                          \nAnswer:
                                                          \nRoot climbers:<\/p>\n

                                                            \n
                                                          1. Plants climbing with the help of adventitious roots (arise from nodes).<\/li>\n
                                                          2. e.g. Piper betel, Piper nigrum, Hedera helix, Pothos, Hoya.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                            Stem climbers:<\/p>\n

                                                              \n
                                                            1. These climbers lack specialised structure for climbing and the stem itself coils around the support.<\/li>\n
                                                            2. e.g. Ipomoea, Convolvulus, Dolichos, Clitoria, Quisqualis.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                              Question 12.
                                                              \nExplain the three different types of trailers with an example.
                                                              \nAnswer:
                                                              \nTypes of Trailers:<\/p>\n

                                                                \n
                                                              1. Prostrate (Procumbent): A stem that grows flat on the ground, e.g. Evolvulus alsinoides, Indigofera prostrata.<\/li>\n
                                                              2. Decumbent: A stem that grows flat but becomes erect during reproductive stage. e.g., Portulaca, Tridax, Lindenbergia.<\/li>\n
                                                              3. Diffuse: A trailing stem with spreading branches, e.g. Boerhaavia diffusa, Merremia tridentata.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                Question 13.
                                                                \nCladode is a stem modification. Comment on it.
                                                                \nAnswer:
                                                                \nCladode is a flattened or cylindrical stem similar to Phylloclade but with one or two inteENodes only. Their stem nature is evident by the fact that they bear buds, scales and flowers. e.g. Asparagus (cylindrical cladode), Ruscus (flattened Cladode).<\/p>\n

                                                                Question 14.
                                                                \nComment on Corm with an example.
                                                                \nAnswer:
                                                                \nCorm is a succulent underground stem with an erect growing tip. The corm is surrounded by scale leaves and exhibit nodes and intemodes. e.g., Amorphophallus, Gladiolus, Colacasia, Crocus, Colchicum.<\/p>\n

                                                                Question 15.
                                                                \nDifferentiate between monopodial and sympodial branching.
                                                                \nAnswer:
                                                                \nMonopodial branching:<\/p>\n

                                                                  \n
                                                                1. The terminal bud grows uninterrupted and produce several lateral branches. This type of growth is also known as monopodial branching.<\/li>\n
                                                                2. e.g. Polyalthia, Swietenia, Antiaris.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                  Sympodial branching:<\/p>\n

                                                                    \n
                                                                  1. The terminal bud caese to grow after a period of growth and the further growth is taken care by successive or several lateral meristem or buds. This type of growth is also known as sympodial branching.<\/li>\n
                                                                  2. e.g. Cycas.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                                                                    Question 16.
                                                                    \nDraw and label the parts of a leaf.
                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                    \nThe parts of a leaf:
                                                                    \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                                                                    Question 17.
                                                                    \nDescribe the pattern of leaf arrangement in mosaic leaf.
                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                    \nIn mosaic leaf, leaves tend to fit in with one another and adjust themselves in such a way that they may secure the maximum amount of sunlight with minimum amount of overlapping. The lower leaves have longer petioles and successive upper leaves possess decreasing length petioles, e.g., Acalypha, Begonia.<\/p>\n

                                                                    Question 18.
                                                                    \nHow the leaf hooks helps the Bignonia plant?
                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                    \nIn cat\u2019s nail (Bignonia unguiscati) an elegant climber, the terminal leaflets become modified into three, very sharp, stiff and curved hooks, very much like the nails of a cat. These hooks cling to the bark of a tree and act as organs of support for climbing.<\/p>\n

                                                                    Question 19.
                                                                    \nWhich types of plants develop tendril? How does it helps the plant?
                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                    \nIn some plants Stem is very weak and hence they have some special organs for attachment to the support. So some leaves are partially or wholly modified into tendril. Tendril is a slender wiry coiled structure which helps in climbing the support.<\/p>\n

                                                                    Question 20.
                                                                    \nRosa species plants are not eaten by herbivores. Why?
                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                    \nRosa species plants develop Prickles. Prickles are small, sharp structure which are the outgrowths from epidermal cells of stem or leaf. It helps the plant in scrambling over other plants. It is also protective against herbivory.<\/p>\n

                                                                    Question 21.
                                                                    \nCertain plants like Aloe and Agave can survive in extreme dry conditions. How ?
                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                    \nAloe and Agave are Xerophytes. They develop fleshy and swollen leaves. These succulent leaves store water, mucilage and food. They also resist desiccation.<\/p>\n

                                                                    Question 22.
                                                                    \nWrite a brief note on Phyllode.
                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                    \nPhyllodes are flat, green – coloured leaf – like modifications of petioles or rachis. The leaflets or lamina of the leaf are highly reduced or caducous. The phyllodes perform photosynthesis and other functions of leaf.
                                                                    \nExample: Acacia auriculiformis (Australian acacia), Parkinsonia.<\/p>\n

                                                                    Question 23.
                                                                    \nBriefly describe the leaf modification in Nepenthes.
                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                    \nThe leaf becomes modified into a pitcher in Nepenthes. In Nepenthes the basal part of the leaf is laminar and the midrib continues as a coiled tendrillar structure. The apical part of the leaf as modified into a pitcher the mouth of the pitcher is closed by a lid which is the modification of leaf apex.<\/p>\n

                                                                    Question 24.
                                                                    \nHow the leaves of Utricularia helps in its nourishment?
                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                    \nIn bladderwort (Utricularia), a rootless free – floating, aquatic plant the leaf is very much segmented. Some of these segments are modified to form bladder – like structures, with a trap – door entrance that traps aquatic animalcules.<\/p>\n

                                                                    Question 25.
                                                                    \nWhat do you understand by the term developmental heterophylly.
                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                    \nIn plants like Ficus heterophylla leaves vary from entire to variously lobed structures during different developmental stages. Young leaves are usually lobed or dissected and the mature leaves are entire. Such type is known as developmental heterophylly.<\/p>\n

                                                                    Question 26.
                                                                    \nList out few secondary functions of stem.
                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                    \nFoods storage, perennation, water storage, photosynthesis, buoyancy, protection and support.<\/p>\n

                                                                    Question 27.
                                                                    \nMake a tabular column showing types of terrestrial plants and their environmental adaptation with examples.
                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                    \nTypes of terrestrial plants and their environmental adaptation with examples:
                                                                    \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                                                                    IV. Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks)<\/p>\n

                                                                    Question 1.
                                                                    \nMake a list of aquatic plants and their environmental adaptation with an example.
                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                    \nAquatic plants and their environmental adaptation with an example:
                                                                    \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                                                                    Question 2.
                                                                    \nCompare the location, cellular types and the functions of different zones of root.
                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                    \nThe location, cellular types and the functions of different zones of root:
                                                                    \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                                                                    Question 3.
                                                                    \nDraw a flow chart depicting the various types of root modification.
                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                    \nThe various types of root modification:
                                                                    \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                                                                    Question 4.
                                                                    \nDescribe the tap root modification for storage purpose with diagram.
                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                    \nTap root modification – Storage roots<\/p>\n

                                                                      \n
                                                                    1. Conical Root – These are cone like, broad at the base and gradually tapering towards the apex. e.g. Daucus carota.<\/li>\n
                                                                    2. Fusiform root – These roots are swollen in the middle and tapering towards both ends. e.g. Raphanus sativus<\/li>\n
                                                                    3. Napiform root – It is very broad and suddenly tapers like a tail at the apex. e.g. Beta vulgaris
                                                                      \n\"Samacheer<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                      Question 5.
                                                                      \nDefine bud. Explain the types of buds based on location.
                                                                      \nAnswer:
                                                                      \nBuds are the growing points surrounded by protective scale leaves:<\/p>\n

                                                                        \n
                                                                      1. Terminal bud or Apical bud: These buds are present at the apex of the main stem and at the tips of the branches.<\/li>\n
                                                                      2. Lateral bud or Axillary bud: These buds occur in the axil of the leaves and develop into a branch or flower.<\/li>\n
                                                                      3. Extra axillary bud: These buds are formed at nodes but outside the axil of the leaf as in Solanum americanum.<\/li>\n
                                                                      4. Accessory bud: An extra bud on either side (collateral bud) or above (superposed bud or serial bud) the axillary bud. e.g: Citrus and Duranta.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                        Question 6.
                                                                        \nDraw a flow chart illustrating stem modifications.
                                                                        \nAnswer:
                                                                        \nA flow chart illustrating stem modifications:
                                                                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                                                                        Question 7.
                                                                        \nList out the characteristics of leaf.
                                                                        \nAnswer:
                                                                        \nThe characteristics of leaf:<\/p>\n

                                                                          \n
                                                                        • Leaf is a lateral appendage of the stem.<\/li>\n
                                                                        • It is borne at the node of the stem.<\/li>\n
                                                                        • It is exogenous in origin.<\/li>\n
                                                                        • It has limited growth.<\/li>\n
                                                                        • It does not possess apical bud.<\/li>\n
                                                                        • It has three main parts namely, leaf base, petiole and lamina.<\/li>\n
                                                                        • Lamina of the leaf is traversed by vascular strands, called veins.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                          Question 8.
                                                                          \nDefine phyllotaxy. Explain its types
                                                                          \nAnswer:
                                                                          \nThe mode of arrangement of leaves on the stem is known as phyllotaxy (Greek. Phyllon = leaf; taxis = arrangement). Phyllotaxy is to avoid over crowding of leaves and expose the leaves maximum to the sunlight for photosynthesis. The four main types of phyllotaxy are:<\/p>\n

                                                                            \n
                                                                          1. Alternate<\/li>\n
                                                                          2. Opposite<\/li>\n
                                                                          3. Temate and<\/li>\n
                                                                          4. Whorled.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                            1. Alternate phyllotaxy: In this type there is only one leaf per node and the leaves on the successive nodes are arranged alternate to each other. Spiral arrangement of leaves show vertical rows are called orthostichies. They are two types:<\/p>\n

                                                                              \n
                                                                            • Alternate spiral: In which the leaves are arranged alternatively in a spiral manner. e.g. Hibiscus and Ficus.<\/li>\n
                                                                            • Alternate distichous or Bifarious: In which the leaves are organized alternatively in two rows on either side of the stem, e.g. Monoon longifolium (Polyalthia longifolia).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                              2. Opposite phyllotaxy: In this type each node possess two leaves opposite to each other. They are organized in two different types:<\/p>\n

                                                                                \n
                                                                              1. Opposite superposed: The pair of leaves arranged in succession are in the same direction, that is two opposite leaves at a node lie exactly above those at the lower node. e.g. Psidium (Guava), Eugenia jambolana (Jamun) and Quisqualis (Rangoon creeper).<\/li>\n
                                                                              2. Opposite decussate: In this type of phyllotaxy one pair of leaves is placed at right angles to the next upper or lower pair of leaves, e.g., Calotropis, Zinnia and Ocimum<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                3. Ternate phyllotaxy: In this type there are three leaves attached at each node. e.g. Nerium.<\/p>\n

                                                                                4. Whorled (verticillate) type of phyllotaxy: In this type more than three leaves are present in a whorl at each node forming a circle or whorl, e.g. Allamanda and Alstonia scholaris.<\/p>\n

                                                                                Question 9.
                                                                                \nDefine ptyxis & explain its types.
                                                                                \nAnswer:
                                                                                \nRolling or folding of individual leaves is called ptyxis. There are seven types of ptyxis as follows:<\/p>\n

                                                                                  \n
                                                                                1. Reclinate – When the upper half of the leaf blade is bent upon the lower half as in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica).<\/li>\n
                                                                                2. Conduplicate – When the leaf is folded lengthwise along the mid – rib, as in guava, sweet potato and camel\u2019s foot tree (Bauhinia).<\/li>\n
                                                                                3. Plicate or Plaited – When the leaf is repeatedly folded longitudinally along ribs in a zig – zag manner, as in Borassus flabellifer.<\/li>\n
                                                                                4. Circinate – When the leaf is rolled from the apex towards the base like the tail of a dog, as in ferns.<\/li>\n
                                                                                5. Convolute – When the leaf is rolled from one margin to the other, as in banana, aroids and Indian pennywort. Musa and members of Araceae.<\/li>\n
                                                                                6. Involute – When the two margins are rolled on the upper surface of the leaf towards the mid – rib or the centre of the leaf, as in water lily, lotus, Sandwich Island Climber (Antigonon) and Plumbago.<\/li>\n
                                                                                7. Crumpled – When the leaf is irregularly folded as in cabbage.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                  Question 10.
                                                                                  \nHow the duration of leaf is determined? Classify leaves according to duration.
                                                                                  \nAnswer:
                                                                                  \nLeaves may stay and function for few days to many years, largely determined by the adaptations to climatic conditions.<\/p>\n

                                                                                    \n
                                                                                  • Cauducuous (Fagacious): Falling off soon after formation, e.g., Opuntia and Cissus quadrangularis.<\/li>\n
                                                                                  • Deciduous: Falling at the end of growing season so that the plant (tree or shrub) is leafless in winter \/ summer season, e.g., Maple, Plumeria, Launea and Erythrina.<\/li>\n
                                                                                  • Evergreen: Leaves persist throughout the year, falling regularly so that tree is never leafless. e.g., Mimusops and Calophyllum.<\/li>\n
                                                                                  • Marcescent: Leaves not falling but withering on the plant as in several members of Fagaceae.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                    V. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTs)<\/p>\n

                                                                                    Question 1.
                                                                                    \nRoots are non – green coloured. Is there is any green coloured root? Explain.
                                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                                    \nYes, roots of certain epiphytic & climbing plants develop chlorophyll and turn green to perform the function of photosynthesis. Such a root is called photosynthetic root or assimilatory root. E.g., Tinospora.<\/p>\n

                                                                                    Question 2.
                                                                                    \nWhich part of ginger and onion are edible?
                                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                                    \nThe edible part of onion is stem covered by fleshy leaves (bulb). The edible part of ginger is underground stem (rhizome).<\/p>\n

                                                                                    Question 3.
                                                                                    \nName the body parts of the following plants which is modified for food storage.
                                                                                    \nAnswer:
                                                                                    \nPlant:<\/p>\n

                                                                                      \n
                                                                                    1. Carrot<\/li>\n
                                                                                    2. Colocasia<\/li>\n
                                                                                    3. Aloe<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                      Modified part for food storage:<\/p>\n

                                                                                        \n
                                                                                      1. Root<\/li>\n
                                                                                      2. Stem<\/li>\n
                                                                                      3. Leaves<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                        Question 4.
                                                                                        \nGive two examples for angiospermic plants producing adventitious roots.
                                                                                        \nAnswer:
                                                                                        \nTwo examples for angiospermic plants producing adventitious roots:<\/p>\n

                                                                                          \n
                                                                                        1. Buttress root of Bombax.<\/li>\n
                                                                                        2. Prop (Pillar) root of Ficus benghalensis.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                          Question 5.
                                                                                          \nRhizome of ginger is like roots of other plants grown underground. Despite this fact ginger is a stem not a root – Justify.
                                                                                          \nAnswer:
                                                                                          \nRhizome of ginger is a underground stem not a root because, it possess nodes, internodes, scale leaves & buds, which are the characteristics of stem.<\/p>\n

                                                                                          Question 6.
                                                                                          \nVanda is an epiphyte. Epiphytes are the plants growing on branches of trees. They do not have direct contact with soil. How they obtain water for its photosynthetic activity?
                                                                                          \nAnswer:
                                                                                          \nEpiphytic plants like Vanda develop special type of roots containing sponge – like tissue called velamen. These spongy tissue helps in absorbing the atmospheric moisture and utilize it for their photosynthetic activity.<\/p>\n

                                                                                          Question 7.
                                                                                          \nHow does a pneumatopore work?
                                                                                          \nAnswer:
                                                                                          \nPneumatopores are the special above-ground roots growing above the surface of water seen in plants growing in water logged soils. These pneumatopores has small pores that facilitate the intake of oxygen by roots.<\/p>\n

                                                                                          Question 8.
                                                                                          \nCarnivorous plants like Nepenthes have nutritional adaptations. Which part of Nepenthes plant is modified to solve this problem?
                                                                                          \nAnswer:
                                                                                          \nThe apical part of the leaf is modified into pitcher and the leaf tip is modified into lid of pitcher.<\/p>\n

                                                                                          Question 9.
                                                                                          \nWhy do we use the term \u2018monocarpic perennial\u2019 for Musa?
                                                                                          \nAnswer:
                                                                                          \nMusa is a monocarpic perennial because it grows for several years but produces flowers and fruits once in its life time.<\/p>\n

                                                                                          Question 10.
                                                                                          \nMention any two morphological characters to differentiate monocots from dicots.
                                                                                          \nAnswer:
                                                                                          \nTwo morphological characters to differentiate monocots from dicots:<\/p>\n

                                                                                            \n
                                                                                          1. Monocots have fibrous roots and dicots have tap root system.<\/li>\n
                                                                                          2. Monocot leaves show parallel venation, whereas dicot leaves show reticulate venation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                            Question 11.
                                                                                            \nWhy potato tuber is considered as a stem? Although it is an underground plant part.
                                                                                            \nAnswer:
                                                                                            \nThough potato tuber is found underground, it is a stem since it possess axillary buds & scale leaves.<\/p>\n

                                                                                            Question 12.
                                                                                            \nFibrous roots are adventitious in origin – Explain.
                                                                                            \nAnswer:
                                                                                            \nAdventitious roots are those arising from plant parts other than radicle. Fibrous roots are seen in monocots. In monocots, the primary root arising from radicle is short – lived & soon replaced by the lateral roots arising in bunches from the base of stem. Thus fibrous roots are adventitious in origin.<\/p>\n

                                                                                            Believing that the Samacheer Kalvi 11th Biology Book Solutions Questions and Answers learning resource will definitely guide you at the time of preparation. For more details about Tamilnadu State 11th Bio Botany Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology textbook solutions, ask us in the below comments and we\u2019ll revert back to you asap.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                                                            Students who are in search of 11th Bio Botany exam can download this Tamilnadu State Board Solutions for 11th Bio Botany Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology from here for free of cost. These cover all Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology Questions and Answers, PDF, Notes, Summary. Download the Samacheer Kalvi 11th Biology Book Solutions Questions and Answers …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalviguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13311"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalviguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalviguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalviguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalviguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13311"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalviguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13311\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalviguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalviguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalviguru.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}