Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Term 2 Supplementary Chapter 2 Crossing The River

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Term 2 Supplementary Chapter 2 Crossing The River

Read And Understand

A. Match the following

Crossing The River 8th Std Samacheer Kalvi English Solutions Term 2 Supplementary Chapter 2
Answer:

  1. e
  2. c
  3. d
  4. f
  5. a
  6. b

B. Fill in the blanks.

  1. Pundit have many _______ and _______
  2. Moti is a poor
  3. The milkmaid discharged her duties _______
  4. Moti feels it as a _______to serve the great pundit
  5. The pundit was an _______speaker
  6. Moti assured to give the milk at the dawn _______

Answer:

  1. disciples, admirers
  2. milkmaid
  3. faithfully
  4. great privilege
  5. eloquent
  6. enthusiastically

C. Answer the following:

Crossing The River 8th Std Question 1.
What was the pundit’s discourse about?
Answer:
The pundits discourse was about God and Truth and similar tough and complex matters.

Crossing The River Questions And Answers Question 2.
Why did Moti, the milkmaid, feel happy?
Answer:
She left happy that she made a humble contribution towards the pundits physical well being by regularly supplying him with pure milk.

Crossing The River Summary 8th Standard Question 3.
What was the resolution of Moti?
Answer:
Moti’s resolution was that even if the landlord failed to pay her for the milk and her labour, she would not fail in her duty.

Crossing The River Book Back Answers Question 4.
Give reason for the pundit to ask for the milk at dawn.
Answer:
The pundit was under a vow for performing a certain ritual for which he needed the milk at down

8th English Crossing The River Question 5.
Why did Moti come late on the first day of-the ritual?
Answer:
She came late on the first day of the ritual because the boatman did not turn up that early even though Moti informed him of the need for her to cross the river.

Crossing The River 8th Standard Supplementary Question 6.
Mention an incident that shows the naivety of Moti.
Answer:
When Moti came late to pundits house, she explained that she couldn’t cross the river without the  of the boatman. When the pundit commented jocularly that one could cross even the ocean of life by uttering the name of Vishnu, she told him that she did not know about it. She thanked him for passing the secret on to her. The pandit laughed at her naivety.

Crossing The River Summary Question 7.
How did the milkmaid cross the river?
Answer:
She just uttered the name of Vishnu and walked across the river.

Crossing The River 8th Std Book Back Answers Question 8.
What was the secret shared by pundit to milkmaid?
Answer:
The secret was that one could cross even the ocean of life by buttering the name of Vishnu. This was shared by the pundit to the milkmaid.

8th Crossing The River Question 9.
How did the pundit appreciate the milk maid? Who else did he convey his thanks for?
Answer:
He appreciated the pain she had taken in getting up early, milking the cow and delivering the milk to him at dawn. He also asked the milkmaid to convey his thanks to the boatman.

Crossing The River Summary Class 8 Question 10.
Why did the pundit faint at the end of the story?
Answer:
When the pundit saw the mlilk maid crossing the river with ease, he was dumbstruck and almost fainted.

D. Identify the speaker:

  1. “But I apply the secret?”
  2. “Tell the boatman how pleased I am with him.”

Answer:

  1. Moti, the milkmaid
  2. The pundit

Step To Success

A. Select correct options to fill in the blanks.

1. As I _______in the rain for the bus to arrive, it appeared as ______ it would not arrive, ______ it took all my patience.
(a) weighted, though, so
(b) wetted, if, so
(c) waited, though, till
Answer:
(c) waited, though, till

B. Select option that correctly forms the 2nd pair similar to the 1st.

Question 1.
Bread : Yeast:: Curd : ?
(a) Germs
(b) Bacteria
(c) Fungi
(d) Virus
Answer:
(b) Bacteria

Question 2.
Fungi: Fungus :: Species : ?
(a) Specey
(b) Specy
(c) Specie
(d) Species
Answer:
(d) Species
[Clue : The singular form of ‘Fungi’ is ‘Fungus’. And for ‘Species’, it is the same in singular, in plural.]

Question 3.
Throw : Worth :: Tide : ?
(a) Water
(b) Ocean
(c) Edit
(d) Sea
Answer:
(c) Edit

Question 4.
Lion: Forest :: Otter : ?
(a) Cage
(b) Water
(c) The Alps
(d) Burrow
Answer:
(b) Water

Connecting To Self

Question 1.
Crossing The River Questions And Answers Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Term 2 Supplementary Chapter 2
Answer:

Crossing The River Summary 8th Standard Samacheer Kalvi English Solutions Term 2 Supplementary Chapter 2

Crossing The River Additional Questions

I Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
The _____ was one only admirers of the Pundit.
(a) boatman
(b) landlord
(c) farmer
(d) helper
Answer:
(b) landlord

Question 2.
Moti _____ before the Pundit.
(a) sang
(b) wrote the secret
(c) prostrated
(d) shouted
Answer:
(c) prostrated

Question 3.
The Pundit was speaking about _____ and Truth.
(a) doctrine
(b) Life
(c) philosophy
(d) God
Answer:
(d) God

Question 4.
“One could cross the _____ of life by uttering the name of Vishnu”.
(a) river
(b) bay
(c) ocean
(d) sea
Answer:
(c) ocean

Question 5.
The story draws a _____ between scholarship and innocence.
(a) similarity
(b) analogy
(c) equivalent
(d) contrast
Answer:
(d) contrast

II. Fill in the blanks:

  1. The landlord had _______ a poor milkmaid,Moti,to the Pundit
  2. She crossed the river by the help of a _______
  3. Often the _______ himself received the milk.
  4. What a great privilege it is to ______ a great Pundit?’

Answer:

  1. Commissioned
  2. ferry boat
  3. pundith
  4. serve

III. dentify the character and speaker:

  1. “Well, sir, nobody had told me that!”
  2. “That is secret!”
  3. “Thank you sir, passing it on to me”
  4. “Who then plied the boat for you?”
  5. “You forgot the secret you passed on to me”
  6. “What do you mean?”
  7. “But I apply the secret!”

Answer:

  1. Moti, the milkmaid
  2. The Pundit
  3. Moti, the milkmaid
  4. The Pundit
  5. Moti, the milkmaid
  6. The Pundit
  7. Moti, the milkmaid

IV. Write True or False against each statement:

  1. The milkmaid did not do her duty sincerely.
  2. The boatman did not turn up early morning.
  3. The poor woman would hardly understand the importance of the wise observation of the Pundit.
  4. The water remained knee deep for Moti.
  5. The Pundit almost fainted.

Answer:

  1. False
  2. True
  3. True
  4. False
  5. True

V. Match the following:

Crossing The River Book Back Answers Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Term 2 Supplementary Chapter 2
Answer:

  1. (c)
  2. (d)
  3. (a)
  4. (e)
  5. (b)

VI. Give Very Short Answers :

Question 1.
Who was the landlord?
Answer:
He was one of the admirers of the Pundit.

Question 2.
What was the name of the milkmaid?
Answer:
The milkmaids name was Moti.

Question 3.
Who helped here to cross the river?
Answer:
The boatman helped her to cross the river.

Question 4.
Did Moti fail in her duty?
Answer:
No, Moti did not fail in her duty.

Question 5.
What did Moti do, when she reached the river-bank?
Answer:
She paid reverence to the river.

VII. Write Short Answers :

Question 1.
How did the milkmaid discharge her duty?
Answer:
The milkmaid discharged her duty faithfully, by delivering milk every morning.

Question 2.
What did the boatman tell to Moti?
Answer:
The boatman told her that it would not be possible for him to fly the boat in darkness as the river was in spate.

Question 3.
How does the story draw a contrast between scholarship and innocence?
Answer:
The story draws a contrast between the scholarship and innocence by demonstrating the miracle of faith.

VIII Answer in Detail:

Question 1.
“The Pundit was an eloquent speaker”.Elucidate.
Answer:
The celebrated Pundit had many disciples and admirers as he was an eloquent speaker. Whenever he gave a discourse, hundreds of people gathered to listen to him. The milkmaid also made it a point to listen to him as she was sure that the Pundit was speaking about God and Truth. The only one who was very near to God and Truth could command such wisdom’, she thought. She was happy that she made a humble contribution to supplying milk to the Pundit.

IX. Rearrange the jumbled sentences :

1. Among them was the landlord of the area who lived on the other side of the river.
2. The milkmaid discharged her duty faithfully day after day.
3. The celebrated Pundit had many disciples and admirers.
4. She crossed the river by the help of a ferry boat.
5. The landlord had commissioned a poor milkmaid Moti to supply milk to the Pundit.
Answer:
3,1,5,2,4
3.The celebrated Pundit had many disciples and admirers.
1. Among them was the landlord of the area who lived on the other side of the river.
5. The landlord had commissioned a poor milkmaid Moti to supply milk to the Pundit.
2. The milkmaid discharged her duty faithfully day after day.
4. She crossed the river by the help of a ferry boat.

X. Read the passage and answer the questions :

Question 1.
One day, while receiving the milk, the Pundit told Moti. “Woman! Can you bring the milk at the least an hour before the sunrise for only a month? I am under a vow for performing a certain ritual for which I need the milk that early.”
(a) Who was Moti?
Answer:
Moti was a milkmaid.

(b) What did the Pundit tell Moti?
Answer:
The Pundit told her to bring milk, an hour before the sunrise for only a month.

(c) Why did he say so?
Answer:
He said so because he was under a vow for performing a certain ritual.

Question 2.
Moti stepped out onto the road. It was a foggy dawn. No doubt the woman was kidding him – concluded the Pundit and he followed her tiptoe. Upon reaching the river-bank, Moti put her empty pot down and folded hands, paid obeisance to the river. Then, picking up the pot, she stepped into The water.

(a) How was the dawn?
Answer:
It was a foggy dawn.

(b) What did the Pundit conclude?
Answer:
The Pundit concluded that the milkmaid was kidding him.

(c) What did she do on reaching the river-bank?
Answer:
She folded her hands and paid reverence to the river.

Crossing The River Summary

The milkmaid, Moti, supplied milk to a celebrated Pundit who had many disciples and admirers. The milkmaid thought that it was a great privilege to serve a great Pundit and discharged her duties sincerely. One day, the Pundit asked her to deliver the milk at least an hour before sunrise, as he was under a vow for performing a certain ritual. The milkmaid agreed but came to deliver the milk long after sunrise. When questioned by the Pundit, she said that she couldn’t cross the river without the boatman. The Pundit commented jocularly that one could cross even the ocean of life by uttering the name of Lord Vishnu. She thanked the Pundit for passing on the secret to her.

Days passed and the period of Pundit’s vow came to an end. The Pundit thanked her and asked her to tell the boatman that he was pleased with him for his task. The milkmaid told him that she crossed the river without the boatman’s help. She just uttered the name of Vishnu and crossed the river. The Pundit was surprised to hear this. He followed her to know the truth. When he saw the milkmaid paying respect to the river and then crossing it with ease, he almost fainted.

While demonstrating the miracle of faith, the story also draws a contrast between scholarship and innocence. It shows the difference between a knowledge of there theory and the knowledge that works through one’s faith in God.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Tamil Solutions Chapter 4.3 பல்துறைக் கல்வி

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th Tamil Book Solutions Guide Pdf Chapter 4.3 பல்துறைக் கல்வி Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Tamil Solutions Chapter 4.3 பல்துறைக் கல்வி

கற்பவை கற்றபின்

Question 1.
பத்துப்பாட்டு, எட்டுத்தொகை, பதினெண்கீழ்க்கணக்கு நூல்கள் ஆகிய தொகுப்புகளில் இடம்பெறும் நூல்களின் பெயர்களைத் திரட்டி எழுதுக.
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Tamil Solutions Chapter 4.3 பல்துறைக் கல்வி 1
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Tamil Solutions Chapter 4.3 பல்துறைக் கல்வி 2

பாடநூல் வினாக்கள்

சரியான விடையைத் தேர்ந்தெடுத்து எழுதுக.

Question 1.
அறியாமையை நீக்கி அறிவை விளக்குவது ………………………..
அ) விளக்கு
ஆ) கல்வி
இ) விளையாட்டு
ஈ) பாட்டு
Answer:
ஆ) கல்வி

Question 2.
கல்விப் பயிற்சிக்குரிய பருவம் ……………………
அ) இளமை
ஆ) முதுமை
இ) நேர்மை
ஈ) வாய்மை
Answer:
அ) இளமை

Question 3.
இன்றைய கல்வி ……………………… நுழைவதற்குக் கருவியாகக் கொள்ளப்பட்டு வருகிறது.
அ) வீட்டில்
ஆ) நாட்டில்
இ) பள்ளியில்
ஈ) தொழிலில்
Answer:
ஈ) தொழிலில்

நிரப்புக

1. கலப்பில் …………………………. உண்டென்பது இயற்கை நுட்பம்
2. புற உலக ஆராய்ச்சிக்கு ………………… கொழுகொம்பு போன்றது.
3. வாழ்விற்குரிய இன்பத் துறைகளில் தலையாயது ………………………. இன்பம் ஆகும்.
Answer:
1. வளர்ச்சி
2. அறிவியல்
3. காவிய

பொருத்துக

1. இயற்கை ஓவியம் – அ) சிந்தாமணி
2. இயற்கை தவம் – ஆ) பெரிய புராணம்
3. இயற்கைப் பரிணாமம் – இ) பத்துப்பாட்டு
4. இயற்கை அன்பு – ஈ) கம்பராமாயணம்
Answer:
1. இ
2. அ
3. ஈ
4. ஆ

குறுவினா

Question 1.
இன்றைய கல்வியின் நிலை பற்றித் திரு.வி.க கூறுவன யாவை?
Answer:

  • இன்றைய கல்வி குறிப்பிட்ட பாடங்களை நெட்டுற (மனப்பாடம்) செய்து தேர்வில் தேறி, பட்டம் பெற்று, ஒரு தொழிலில் நுழைவதற்கு ஒரு கருவியாகக் கொள்ளப்பட்டு வருகிறது.
  • நாளடைவில் அக்கல்விக்கும் வாழ்விற்கும் தொடர்பு இல்லாமல் போகிறது என்று திரு.வி.க. கூறுகிறார்.

Question 2.
தாய்நாடு என்னும் பெயர் எவ்வாறு பிறக்கிறது?
Answer:
தாய்நாடு என்னும் பெயர் தாய்மொழியைக் கொண்டே பிறக்கிறது.

Question 3.
திரு. வி. க., சங்கப் புலவர்களாகக் குறிப்பிடுபவர்களின் பெயர்களை எழுதுக.
Answer:

  • இளங்கோவடிகள்
  • சேக்கிழார்
  • திருத்தக்கத்தேவர்
  • கம்பர்
  • திருஞானசம்பந்தர்
  • பரஞ்சோதி
  • ஆண்டாள்

சிறு வினா

Question 1.
தமிழ்வழிக் கல்வி பற்றித் திரு. வி. க. கூறுவனவற்றை எழுதுக.
Answer:

  • கலப்பில் வளர்ச்சி உண்டு என்பது இயற்கை நுட்பம்.
  • தமிழை வளர்க்கும் முறையிலும் அளவிலும் கலப்பைக் கொள்வது சிறப்பு.
  • ஆகவே, தமிழ்மொழியில் அறிவுக்கலைகள் இல்லை என்னும் பழம் பாட்டை நிறுத்தி, அக்கலைகளைத் தமிழில் பெயர்த்து எழுதித் தாய்மொழிக்கு ஆக்கம் தேடுவோம் தமிழ்
  • கலைகள் யாவும் தாய்மொழி வழி மாணாக்கர்களுக்கு அறிவுறுத்தப்படும் காலமே தமிழ்த்தாய் மீண்டும் அரியாசனம் ஏறும் காலமாகும் என்று திரு.வி.க. கூறுகின்றார்.

Question 2.
அறிவியல் கல்வி பற்றித் திரு. வி. க. கூறுவன யாவை?
Answer:

  • உலக வாழ்விற்கு மிக இன்றியமையாதது அறிவியல்.
  • உடற்கூறு, உடலோம்பு முறை, பூதபௌதிகம், மின்சாரம், நம்மைச் சூழ்ந்துள்ள செடி, கொடி, பறவை, விலங்கு முதலியவற்றைப் பற்றிய அறிவும், கோள் இயக்கம், கணிதம், அகத்திணை முதலிய அறிவும் நமக்கு வேண்டும்.
  • இந்நாளில் அத்தகைய அறிவு தேவை. புற உலகு ஆராய்ச்சிக்கு அறிவியல் கொழுகொம்பு போன்றது.
  • நம் முன்னோர் கண்ட பல உண்மைகள் அறிவியல் அரணின்றி, இந்நாளில் உறுதி பெறலரிது.
  • இக்கால உலகத்தோடு உறவு கொள்வதற்கும் அறிவியல் தேவை.
  • ஆகவே, அறிவியல் என்னும் அறிவுக்கலை இளைஞர்கள் உலகில் பரவ வேண்டும் என்று திரு. வி. க. கூறுகின்றார்.

நெடுவினா

Question 1.
காப்பியக் கல்வி குறித்துத் திரு. வி. க. கூறும் செய்திகளைத் தொகுத்து எழுதுக.
Answer:
(i) வாழ்விற்கு உரிய இன்பத் துறைகளில் காவிய இன்பமும் ஒன்று. அதுவே முதன்மையானது என்றும் கூறலாம்.

(ii) நாம் தமிழர்கள், நாம் பாட்டு இன்பத்தை நுகர வேண்டும். அதற்காகத் தமிழ் இலக்கியங்களுக்கு இடையே செல்ல வேண்டும். தமிழில் இலக்கியங்கள் பலப்பல இருக்கின்றன.

(iii) இயற்கை ஓவியம் பத்துப்பாட்டு, இயற்கை இன்பக்கலம் கலித்தொகை, இயற்கை வாழ்வில்லம் திருக்குறள், இயற்கை இன்பவாழ்வு நிலையங்கள் சிலப்பதிகாரமும் மணிமேகலையும், இயற்கைத் தவம் சிந்தாமணி, இயற்கைப் பரிணாமம் கம்பராமாயணம், இயற்கை அன்பு பெரிய புராணம், இயற்கை இறையுறையுள் தேவார திருவாசக திருவாய் மொழிகள்.

(iv) இத்தமிழ்க் கருவூலங்களை உன்ன உன்ன உள்ளத்திலும் வரும் இன்ப அன்பைச் சொல்லால் சொல்ல இயலாது.

(v) இளைஞர்களே! தமிழ் இளைஞர்களே! பெறற்கரிய இன்ப நாட்டில் பிறக்கும் பேறு பெற்றிருக்கிறீர்கள். தமிழ் இன்பத்தில் சிறந்த இன்பம் இவ்வுலகில் உண்டோ ? தமிழ்க் காவியங்களைப் படியுங்கள். இன்பம் நுகருங்கள் என்று திரு. வி. க. காப்பியக் கல்வி பற்றிக் கூறுகிறார்.

சிந்தனை வினா

Question 1.
திரு. வி. க குறிப்பிடும் பல்துறைக் கல்வியில் நீங்கள் எதனைக் கற்க விரும்புகிறீர்கள்?
Answer:
(i) திரு. வி. க. குறிப்பிடும் பல்துறைக் கல்வியில் நான் அறிவியல் கல்வியைக் கற்க விரும்புகிறேன்.

(ii) காரணம் என்னவென்றால், தமிழ் மொழி அறிந்த எனக்கு அறிவியல் பற்றிய செய்திகளை மேலும் தெரிந்து கொள்ளவும், அறிவியலில் உள்ள பல புதுமையான செய்திகளைத் தமிழ்ப்படுத்தவும் அறிவியல் கல்வி கற்க விரும்புகிறேன்.

கூடுதல் வினாக்கள்

சரியான விடையைத் தேர்ந்தெடுத்து எழுதுக.

Question 1.
இளமையில் கல் என்பது ………………….
அ) முதுமொழி
இ) அறிவு மொழி
ஆ) புதுமொழி
ஈ) தமிழ்மொழி
Answer:
அ) முதுமொழி

Question 2.
இயற்கை ஓவியம் …………………..
அ) பத்துப்பாட்டு
இ) திருக்குறள்
ஆ) கலித்தொகை
ஈ) சிலப்பதிகாரம்
Answer:
அ) பத்துப்பாட்டு

Question 3.
இயற்கை இன்பக்கலம் ……………………….
அ) பத்துப்பாட்டு
இ) திருக்குறள்
ஆ) கலித்தொகை
ஈ) மணிமேகலை
Answer:
ஆ) கலித்தொகை

Question 4.
இயற்கை வாழ்வில்லம் ……………………
அ) பெரிய புராணம்
இ) திருக்குறள்
ஆ) சிந்தாமணி
ஈ) மணிமேகலை
Answer:
இ) திருக்குறள்

Question 5.
இயற்கைத் தவம் ……………….
அ) சீவகசிந்தாமணி
ஆ) பெரிய புராணம்
இ) கம்பராமாயணம்
ஈ) மணிமேகலை
Answer:
அ) சீவகசிந்தாமணி

Question 6.
இயற்கைப் பரிணாமம் …………….
அ) கம்பராமாயணம்
இ) திருவாசகம்
ஆ) பெரிய புராணம்
ஈ) திருக்குறள்
Answer:
அ) கம்பராமாயணம்

Question 7.
இயற்கை அன்பு ……………………
அ) கம்பராமாயணம்
இ) சீவகசிந்தாமணி
ஆ) பெரிய புராணம்
ஈ) பத்துப்பாட்டு
Answer:
ஈ) பெரிய புராணம்

நிரப்புக

1. அறியாமையை நீக்கி அறிவை விளக்குவது …………………….
2. ………………………. கல்வி முதலியனவும் கல்வியின் பாற்பட்டனவே.
3. கல்வி என்பது ……………….. தேடும் வழிமுறை அன்று.
4. …………….. வாயிலாகவே கல்வி பயிலுதல் வேண்டும்.
5. கலப்பில் வளர்ச்சி உண்டு என்பது ………………….. நுட்பம்.
6. இயற்கை இன்ப வாழ்வு நிலையங்கள் …………………….. மற்றும் ………………..
7. இயற்கை இறையுறையுள் ………….., …………………., …………………
8. உலக வாழ்விற்கு மிக மிக இன்றியமையாதது …………………… என்னும் அறிவுக்கலை.
Answer:
1. கல்வி
2. தொழில்
3. வருவாய்
4. தாய்மொழி
5. இயற்கை
6. சிலப்பதிகாரம், மணிமேகலை
7. தேவாரம், திருவாசகம், திருவாய்மொழி
8. அறிவியல்

குறுவினா

Question 1.
திரு. வி. க வின் படைப்புகள் யாவை?
Answer:

  • மனித வாழ்க்கையும்
  • தமிழ்த்தென்றல்.
  • காந்தியடிகளும்.
  • பொதுமை வேட்டல்.
  • பெண்ணின் பெருமை.
  • முருகன் அல்லது அழகு.

Question 2.
இயற்கை அன்னையின் எச்சரிக்கை என்று திரு. வி. க. கூறுவன யாவை?
Answer:
தொழில் நோக்குடன் கல்வி பயிலுதல் வேண்டாம் என்றும், அறிவுலகின் பொருட்டுக் கல்விபயிலுதல் வேண்டும் என்றும், இயற்கை அன்னை எச்சரிக்கை செய்தவண்ணமாய்
இருக்கிறாள் என்று திரு. வி. க. கூறுகிறார்.

Question 3.
இயற்கை முறையாகத் திரு. வி. க எடுத்துரைப்பது யாது?
Answer:

  • நாம் தமிழ் மக்கள்! நாம் நமது தாய்மொழி வாயிலாக கல்வி பெறுதலே சிறப்பு.
  • அதுவே, இயற்கை முறை என்று திரு. வி. க. கூறுகிறார்.

Question 4.
கல்வி குறித்து விஜயலட்சுமி பண்டிட் கூறும் கருத்துகள் யாவை?
Answer:
“கல்வி என்பது வருவாய் தேடும் வழிமுறை அன்று. அது மெய்ம்மையைத் தேடவும், அறநெறியைப் பயிலவும் மனித ஆன்மாவுக்குப் பயிற்சி அளிக்கும் ஒரு நெறிமுறை ஆகும்” என்று கல்வி குறித்து விஜயலட்சுமி பண்டிட் கூறுகிறார்.

Question 5.
எது தமிழுக்கு இழுக்காகாது என்று திரு. வி. க. கூறுகிறார்?
Answer:
குறியீடுகளுக்குப் பல மொழிகளில் இருந்து கடன் வாங்குவது தமிழுக்கு இழுக்காகாது என்று திரு. வி. க. கூறுகிறார்.

Question 6.
இளைஞர்களுக்குத் திரு. வி. க. விடுக்கும் வேண்டுகோள் யாது?
Answer:
(i) இளைஞர்களே! தமிழ் இளைஞர்களே! பெறற்கரிய இன்ப நாட்டில் பிறக்கும் பேறு பெற்று இருக்கிறீர்கள். தமிழ் இன்பத்தில் சிறந்த இன்பம் இவ்வுலகில் உண்டோ ?

(ii) தமிழ்க் காவியங்களைப் படியுங்கள், இன்பம் நுகருங்கள் என்று திரு. வி. க. இளைஞர்களுக்கு வேண்டுகோள் விடுக்கிறார்.

சிறுவினா

Question 1.
ஏட்டுக்கல்வி குறித்துத் திரு. வி. க. கூறும் கருத்துகள் யாவை?
Answer:

  • ஏட்டுக்கல்வியே கல்வி என்னும் ஒரு கொள்கை எங்கும் நிலவி வருகிறது.
  • ஏட்டுக்கல்வி மட்டும் கல்வி ஆகாது.
  • இந்நாளில் கல்வி என்பது பொருள் அற்றுக் கிடைக்கிறது. குறிப்பிட்ட பாடங்களை மனப்பாடம் செய்து தேர்வில் தேறி, பட்டம் பெற்று, ஒரு தொழிலில் நுழைவதற்குக் கல்வி ஒரு கருவியாகக் கொள்ளப்பட்டு வருகிறது.
  • நாளடைவில், அக்கல்விக்கும் வாழ்விற்கும் தொடர்பு இல்லாமல் போகிறது என்கிறார் திரு. வி. க.

Question 2.
திரு. வி. க. குறிப்பிடும் கல்வி குறித்த தலைப்புகளைப் பட்டியலிடுக.
Answer:

  • ஏட்டுக் கல்வி
  • இயற்கைக் கல்வி
  • தொழிற் கல்வி
  • இசைக் கல்வி
  • தாய்மொழிவழிக் கல்வி
  • நாடகக் கல்வி
  • தமிழ்வழிக் கல்வி
  • அறிவியல் கல்வி
  • காப்பியக் கல்வி

Question 3.
தாய்மொழிவழிக் கல்வி குறித்து திரு. வி. க. கூறுவன யாவை?
Answer:

  •  நாம் தமிழர், நம் தாய்மொழி வாயிலாகவே கல்வி பெறுவது சிறப்பு. அதுவே தான் இயற்கை முறை.
  • போதிய ஓய்வு நேரமும் வாய்ப்பும் இருப்பின் வேறு பல மொழிகளையும் பயிலலாம்.
  • ஆனால் தாய்மொழி வாயிலாகவே கல்வி பயிலுதல் வேண்டும்.
  • தாய்நாடு என்னும் பெயர் தாய்மொழியைக் கொண்டு பிறப்பது ஆகும்
    – என்று தாய்மொழிவழிக் கல்வி குறித்து திரு. வி. க. கூறுகின்றார்.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 5 Changes Around Us

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 5 Changes Around Us

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Changes Around Us Text Book Exercises

I. Multiple choice questions

Changes Around Us Class 8 Question 1.
Burning of paper is a …………….. change.
(a) Physical
(b) Chemical
(c) Physical & chemical
(d) Neutral
Answer:
(b) Chemical

8th Science Changes Around Us Question 2.
The burning of matchstick is an example for chemical reaction based on
(a) Contact
(b) Electricity
(c) Light
(d) Catalyst
Answer:
(c) Light

8th Science Changes Around Us Book Back Answers Question 3.
…………….. metal undergoes rusting.
(a) Tin
(b) Sodium
(c) Copper
(d) Iron
Answer:
(d) Iron

8th Chemistry Guide Question 4.
The pigment responsible for browning of apples is …………….
(a) Hydrated iron (II) oxide
(b) Melanin
(c) Starch
(d) Ozone
Answer:
(b) Melanin

Matter Around Us Class 8 Samacheer Kalvi Question 5.
Brine is a concentrated solution of ………………
(a) Sodium sulphate
(b) Sodium chloride
(c) Calcium chloride
(d) Sodium bromide
Answer:
(b) Sodium chloride

Changes Around Us Class 8 Ppt Question 6.
Limestone contains ………………. mainly.
(a) Calcium chloride
(b) Calcium carbonate
(c) Calcium nitrate
(d) Calcium sulphate
Answer:
(b) Calcium carbonate

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Science Question 7.
Which of the following factor induces electrolysis?
(a) Heat
(b) Light
(c) Electricity
(d) Catalysis
Answer:
(c) Electricity

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8 Science Question 8.
In Haber’s process of producing ammonia is used as a catalyst.
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Hydrogen
(c) Iron
(d) Nickel
Answer:
(c) Iron

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Standard Science Question 9.
Dissolved gases like sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides in rain water causes
(a) Acid rain
(b) Base rain
(c) Heavy rain
(d) Neutral rain
Answer:
(a) Acid rain

Samacheer Kalvi.Guru 8th Science Question 10.
…………….. is responsible for Global warming.
(a) Carbon di oxide
(b) Methane
(c) Chlorofluoro carbons
(d) All the above
Answer:
(a) Carbon di oxide

II. Fill in the blanks

  1. Reactants → ……………….
  2. Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that takes place in presence of Iron objects undergo rusting when exposed to and ……………..
  3. Iron objects undergo rusting when exposed to …………….. and ……………..
  4. ……………… is the basic material to manufacture urea.
  5. Electrolysis of Brine solution gives gases.
  6. ……………… is a chemical substance which alters the speed of a chemical reaction.
  7. ………………. is the enzyme responsible for browning of vegetables, fruits.

Answer:

  1. Products
  2. Sunlight
  3. Water, oxygen
  4. Ammonia
  5. Chlorine and hydrogen
  6. Catalyst
  7. Poly phenol oxidase or tyrosinase

III. Write True Or False for the following

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Science Book Solutions Question 1.
A chemical reaction is a temporary reaction.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
A chemical reaction is permanent.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru Science 8th Standard Question 2.
Change in colour may take place during a chemical reaction.
Answer:
True.

8th Standard Chemistry Guide Question 3.
Formation of slaked lime from quicklime is a endothermic reaction.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Formation of slaked limed from quicklime is a exothermic reaction.

Kalvi Guru 8th Science Question 4.
CFC is a pollutant.
Answer:
True.

Science Solution Class 8 Samacheer Kalvi Question 5.
Browning of some vegetables and fruits is due to tannin formation.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Browning of some vegetables and fruits is due to melanin formation.

IV. Match the following

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Science Guide Question 1.

A B
1. Rusting (a) photosynthesis
2. Electrolysis (b) Haber’s process
3. Thermolysis (c) Iron
4. food (d) Brine
5. Catalysis (e) Decomposition of limestone

Answer:

  1. c
  2. d
  3. e
  4. a
  5. b

Question 2.

A B
1. Rancidity (a) Decomposition
2. Ozone (b) biocatalyst
3. Tarnishing (c) oxygen
4. Yeast (d) chemical reaction
5. Calcium Oxide (e) fish

Answer:

  1. e
  2. c
  3. d
  4. b
  5. a

V. Give Short Answers For The Following Questions

Question 1.
Define a chemical reaction. .
Answer:
Chemical changes are otherwise called as chemical reactions, because one or more substances (Reactants) undergo a reaction to form one or more new substances (Products).
Reactant(s) → Product(s)

Question 2.
Mention the various conditions required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Answer:
The conditions required for a chemical reaction to take place:

  1. Physical contact
  2. Solution of reactants
  3. Electricity
  4. Heat
  5. Light
  6. Catalyst

Question 3.
Define catalysis.
Answer:
Chemical substance used to alters the speed of the reaction is called catalyst and the process is called catalysis.

Question 4.
What happens when an iron nail is placed in copper sulphate solution?
Answer:
When iron nail is dipped in the solution of copper sulphate, copper is displaced by iron and forms ferrous sulphate. Thus, the blue colour of copper sulphate changes into green because of formation of ferrous sulphate.

Question 5.
What is pollution?
Answer:
Unwanted change in physical, chemical and biological properties of the environment. This is termed as pollution.

Question 6.
What is Tarnishing? Give an example.
Answer:
Tarnishing of metal articles:
Shiny metal surfaces and other articles lose their shining appearance due to chemical reactions on the surface. For example, silver articles become black on exposure to atmospheric air.

Similarly, brass vessels which contain copper as one of constituents develop a greenish layer on exposure to air for a long time. This is due to a chemical reaction between copper and moist air to form basic copper carbonate and copper hydroxide.

Question 7.
What happens to the brine during electrolysis?
Answer:
A concentrated solution of sodium chloride called Brine is electrolysed to produce chlorine and hydrogen gases along with sodium hydroxide. This is a very important reaction to produce chlorine industrially.

Question 8.
On heating, calcium carbonate gives calcium oxide and oxygen. Is it exothermic reaction or endothermic reaction?
Answer:
Endothermic reaction.

Question 9.
What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
Answer:
Substances used to alter the speed of a chemical reaction, are called catalysts. For example, metallic iron is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of ammonia by Haber’s process.

Question 10.
Why photosynthesis is a chemical reaction?
Answer:
1. Photosynthesis is a process in which light energy from the sun is used by the plants to prepare starch from carbon dioxide and water.

2. The sunlight uses the chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and water, which finally ends up in the production of starch (photo means light and synthesis means production). These chemical reactions in used by light are called as photochemical reactions.

Hot Questions

Question 1.
Explain the role of yeast in making cakes?
Answer:

  1. Yeast is a key ingredient in the production of baked goods.
  2. Yeast is a bio – organic catalyst carbon dioxide is generated by the yeast as a result of the breakdown of fermentable sugars in the dough and makes cakes to rise.

Question 2.
Justify the statement. Burning of fossil fuels is responsible for global warming.
Answer:
The combustion of fossil fuels also releases a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which is responsible for global warming. Humans bum fossil fuels, releasing huge amounts of carbon pollution and trapping more and more heat in the atmosphere.

Question 3.
Discuss acid rain occurs due to emission of smoke from vehicles and industries.
Answer:

  1. Rain becomes acidic in nature due to the presence of certain pollutants in the air released by cars and industrial processes.
  2. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere.

Question 4.
Is rusting good for Iron materials? Explain.
Answer:
No. Rusting is not good for iron materials. Rust is a form of iron oxide. It occurs when iron combines with the oxygen in the air causing it to corrode. Rust can affect iron and its alloys. It makes them weaker, by replacing the strong iron with flaky powder.

Question 5.
Do all the fruits and vegetables undergo browning? Explain.
Answer:
No, not all the fruits. E nzymic browning can be observed in fruits such as apricots, pears, bananas, grapes and avocados and vegetables such as aubergines, potatoes, lettuce. The enzyme polyphenol oxidase or tyrosinase that when in contact with oxygen catalyses a biochemical reaction of plants phenolic compounds to brown pigments known as melanin, which results in the fruit or vegetable turning brown.

Question 6.
Classify the following day to day activities based on chemical reactions by physical contact, solutions of reactants, heat, light, electricity and catalyst.

  1. Burning of crackers during festivals
  2. Addition of water to quicklime to make it slaked lime
  3. Silver ornaments become black on exposure to air for a longtime
  4. Copper vessel kept in open air for long time

Answer:

  1. Chemical reaction.
  2. Exothermic reaction.
  3. Tarnishing.
  4. Rusting.

VI. Answer In Detail

Question 1.
Explain how food items are spoilt due to chemical reactions?
Answer:
1. Spoilage of food and vegetables:
Food spoilage may be defined as any change that causes food unfit for human consumption. The chemical reactions catalyzed by the enzymes result in the degradation of food quality such as development of bad taste and odour, deterioration and loss of nutrients.

Example 1 : Rotten eggs develop a bad smell due to formation of hydrogen sulphide gas.
Example 2 : Decaying of vegetables and fruits due to microbes.

2. Rancidity of fishes and meat:
Fishes and meat containing high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids that undergo oxidation causes bad odour when exposed to air or light. This process is called rancidity.

3. Apples and fruits turn brown when cut:

  • Apples and some fruits turn brown due to chemical reaction with oxygen in air. This chemical reaction is called browning.
  • The cells of apples, fruits and other vegetables contain an enzyme called polyphenol oxidase or tyrosinase, when come in contact with oxygen catalyses a biochemical reaction of plants, phenolic compounds to brown pigments known as melanins.

Question 2.
Explain the three types of pollution.
Answer:
Generally there are three types of pollutions viz air, water and land pollution. Due to increasing human activities lot of chemical substances are produced artificially which harm all the living and non – living things.
Types of chemical substances and their effects:

S. No Type of pollution Chemical substances responsible for the pollution Effects
1. Air pollution Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, oxides of sulphur, oxides of nitrogen, Chlorofluorocarbons, methane etc. Acid rain, Global warming, respiratory problems etc.
2. Water pollution Waste water containing chemical substances (e.g dyeing industries), detergents, oil spillage etc. Decrease in quality of water, skin diseases etc.
3. Land pollution Fertilizers like urea, various pesticides, herbicides etc. Spoilage of land, cancer, respiratory diseases etc.

Question 3.
Explain any three conditions that is required for a chemical reaction to take place by citing one example each.
Answer:
Conditions required for a chemical reaction to take place:
Chemical reactions can be done through:

  1. Physical contact
  2. Solution of reactants
  3. Electricity
  4. Heat
  5. Light
  6. Catalyst

1. Chemical Reactions Based On Solution Of Reactants:
When we mix two substances (Reactants) in solution form, the chemical reaction takes place to form new substances (Products).
Example:

  • Take small amount of solid silver nitrate and sodium chloride in a test tube. The reactants in solid state have no reactions.
  • Dissolve the same reactants in water in separate test tubes.
  • Mix both the solutions. Silver nitrate solution reacts with sodium chloride solution to form a white precipitate of silver chloride and sodium nitrate solution.
  • From the above reaction, we infer that some chemical reactions proceed only in solution form not in solid form.

2. Chemical Reaction Based On Electricity:

  • When electricity is passed through water containing small amounts of sulphuric acid, hydrogen and oxygen gases are liberated.
  • Similarly, a concentrated solution of sodium chloride called Brine is electrolysed to produce chlorine and hydrogen gases along with sodium hydroxide.
  • This is a very important reaction to produce chlorine industrially.
  • From the above two reactions, we infer that some chemical reactions proceed only by the passage of electricity.
  • Hence, such reactions are called as electrochemical reaction or electrolysis.

3. Chemical Reactions Based On Light:
Sunlight is important not only for us but also for plants as welll. As you know photosynthesis is a process in which light energy from the sun is used by the plants to prepare starch from carbon dioxide and water.
Example:
The sunlight uses the chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and water, which finally ends up in the production of starch (photo means light and synthesis means production). These chemical reactions is used by light are called as photochemical reactions.

VII. Value Based Questions

Question 1.
Kumar is going to build a house. To purchase the iron rods required for construction, he visited an Iron & steel shop nearby. The seller showed him some Iron rods which are fresh and good. He also showed him little older Iron rods which are brownish in appearance. The price of fresh rods are costlier than the older ones* the seller also gave some offer to older ones. Kumar’s friend Ramesh advised him not to buy the cheaper rods.

  1. Is Ramesh right in his suggestion?
  2. Could you explain the reason for his suggestion?
  3. What are the values shown by Ramesh?

Answer::

  1. Yes, Ramesh is right in his suggestion because old iron rods were rusted.
  2. The older rods are brownish and they are rusted. Rusting destroys the quality of the iron rods and harmful for construction.
  3. Responsible behaviour, correct decision, caring and awareness.

Question 2.
Palanikumar is a Lawyer. He lives in a costly flat. Due to high rent, he wants to shift his residence to a place where he has a chemical industry nearby. There the rent is very cheap and the area is less populated also. Rajasekar, his son studying VIII does not like this and likes to go to some other place.

  1. Is Rajasekar right in his attitude?
  2. Why did he refuse to go there?
  3. What are the values shown by Rajasekar?

Answer:

  1. Yes, Rajasekar is more concerned over his family health than saving money.
  2. Rajasekar know that the air pollution from nearby chemical industry would be harmful and affect his family health.
  3. Environmentally sensitive, awareness, caring and correct decision.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Changes Around Us Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
When carbon dioxide is passed through lime water –
(a) Calcium hydroxide is formed
(b) White precipitate of CaO is formed
(c) Lime water turns milky
(d) Colour of lime water disappears
Answer:
(c) lime water turns milky

Question 2.
When a magnesium ribbon is burnt in air, the ash formed is –
(a) Black
(b) White
(c) Yellow
(d) Pink
Answer:
(b) White

Question 3.
Rancidity can be prevented by –
(a) Adding antioxidants
(b) Storing food away from light
(c) Keeping food in refrigerator
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 4.
The reaction of H2 gas with oxygen gas to form water is an example of –
(a) Combination
(b) Redox reaction
(c) Exothermic reaction
(d) All of these
Answer:
(a) Combination

Question 5.
On immersing an iron nail in CuSO4 solution for few minutes, you will observe –
(a) No reaction takes place
(b) The colours of solution fades away
(c) The surface of iron nails acquire a black coating
(d) The colour of solution changes to green
Answer:
(d) the colour of solution changes to green

Question 6.
Chemically rust is –
(a) Hydrated ferrous
(b) Only ferric oxide
(c) Hydrated ferric oxide
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Hydrated ferric oxide

Question 7.
Both CO2 and H2 gases are –
(a) Heavier than air
(b) Colourless
(c) Acidic in nature
(d) soluble in water
Answer:
(b) Colourless

Question 8.
Fatty foods become rancid due to the process of –
(a) Oxidation
(b) Corrosion
(c) reduction
(d) hydrogenation
Answer:
(a) Oxidation

II. Fill in the Blanks

  1. ……………… is the chemical name of rust.
  2. ……………… is chemical name of slaked lime
  3. ……………… is chemical name of limestone.
  4. ……………… is a chemical substance is used in white washing.
  5. The head of the matchstick contains ……………… and ………………
  6. The sides of the matchbox contains ………………
  7. The term electrolysis was introduced by ………………
  8. When milk is mixed with coffee decoction, the colour of milk and decoction changes due to ………………
  9. Acid rain is a result of ………………
  10. Fishes and meat containing high levels of ……………….

Answer:

  1. Iron oxide
  2. Calcium hydroxide
  3. Calcium carbonate
  4. Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime)
  5. Potassium chlorate, antimony tri sulphide
  6. Red phrosphorous
  7. Michael Faraday
  8. Chemical reaction
  9. Air pollution
  10. Polyunsaturated fatty acids

III. True or False – if false give the correct statement

Question 1.
The head of a matchstick contains red phosphorous.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
The head of a matchstick contains potassium chlorate and antimony tri sulphide.

Question 2.
Lead nitrate produces brown gas on heating.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
Photochemistry deals with chemical reactions involving light.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
Ammonia is an important fertilizer in agriculture.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Urea is an important fertilizer in agriculture, but ammonia is the material used for the production of urea.

Question 5.
Decaying of vegetables and fruits due to microbes.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
Catalyst inhibit the chemical reaction.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Catalysts are used to alter the speed of a chemical reaction and increase the reaction rate.

IV. Match the following

Question 1.

i Quick lime (a) Calcium hydroxide
ii Slaked lime (b) Calcium oxide
iii Thermolysis (c) Light
iv Photo chemical (d) Heat

Answer:

i. b
ii. a
iii. d
iv. c

Question 2.

i Ammonia (a) Nickel
ii Dalda (b) Fermentation
iii Alcoholic beverages (c) Biocatalysts
iv Yeast (d) Urea

Answer:

i. d
ii. a
iii. b
iv. c

Question 3.

i Apples (a) Oxygen
ii Fatty acids (b) Browning
iii Acid rain (c) Rancidity
iv Solid camphor (d) Air pollution

Answer:

i. b
ii. c
iii. d
iv. a

V. Very short Answers

Question 1.
What are the conditions required for a chemical reaction to take place?
Answer:
Chemical reactions can be done through;

  1. Physical contact
  2. Solution of reactants
  3. Electricity
  4. Heat
  5. Light
  6. Catalyst.

Question 2.
What is electrolysis?
Answer:
Some chemical reactions proceed only by the passage of electricity. Hence, such reactions are called as electrochemical reaction or electrolysis.
Example:
When electricity is passed through water containing small amounts of sulphuric acid, hydrogen and oxygen gases are liberated.

Question 3.
What is brine commonly known as?
Answer:
Brine is a solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O). Brine is a high concentration solution of salt in water.

Question 4.
How is chlorine prepared industrially?
Answer:
A concentrated solution of sodium chloride called BRINE is electrolysed to produce chlorine and hydrogen gases along with sodium hydroxide. This is a very important reaction to produce chlorine industrially.

Question 5.
What is thermo chemical reactions?
Answer:
Some of the chemical reactions can be achieved by the supply of heat only. These reactions are called thermo chemical reactions or thermolysis. In industries limestone rocks are heated to get quicklime (calcium oxide).

Question 6.
What are catalystic reactions?
Answer:
Speed of the certain reactions is influenced by the catalysts and such reactions are called catalytic reactions.

Question 7.
Define the term exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Answer:
Chemical reactions accompanying evolution of heat are called exothermic reactions whereas reactions involving absorbtion of heat are called endothermic reactions.

VI. Short Answer

Question 1.
What is the difference between reactants and products?
Answer:

  1. Reactants are the inputs whereas products are output.
  2. When we mix two substances(Reactants)in solution form, the chemical reaction takes place to form new substances(Products).
  3. There is no existence of products without reactants.

Question 2.
Write the effects of chemical reactions.
Answer:
Chemical reaction requires a specific condition to occur. When chemical reactions take place there will be production of heat, light, sound, pressure etc.

Effects of chemical reactions are:

  1. Biological effects
  2. Environmental effects
  3. Production of heat, light, sound and pressure
  4. Evolution of gas, changes in colour and change in state.

Question 3.
What happens to the steel benches and tables during rainy season?
Answer:
Tarnishing of metal articles:
This is because the iron metal comes into contact with water and oxygen, it undergoes a chemical reaction called Rusting. Shiny metal surfaces and other articles lose their shining appearance due to chemical reactions on the surface.

VII. Long Answer

Question 1.
Explain the process of corrosion and rusting.
Answer:
Corrosion:

  1. Corrosion is the natural process by which a naturally pure metal converts into a more stable form of itself like hydroxide or oxide.
  2. It is an actual degradation of the metal as it renders the metal useless of its usual metallic character.

Rusting:

  1. Rusting is the specific name given to the corrosion of iron. Rust can be termed with the chemical formula of iron oxide with its general formula Fe2O3.
  2. Iron when in contact in the air moisture or water, corrodes and forms rust.

Question 2.
Write a note on catalytic reactions.
Answer:

  1. In industries some chemical substances are used to alter the speed of a chemical reaction. These substances are called catalysts.
  2. For example, metallic iron is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of ammonia using Haber’s process.
  3. This ammonia is the basic material for the production of urea, an important fertilizer in agriculture.
  4. In Vanaspati ghee (dalda) preparation finely divided nickel is used as a catalyst.
  5. Thus, speed of the certain reactions is influenced by the catalysts and such reactions are called catalytic reactions.
  6. Enzymes and yeasts are called biocatalysts.

Changes Around Us Class 8 Samacheer Kalvi Term 1 Chapter 5

8th Science Changes Around Us Samacheer Kalvi Term 1 Chapter 5
Question 3.
Write the effects of chemical reactions.
Answer:
The effects of chemical reactions are:
1. Evolution of gas:
Gas evolution may take place as a result of chemical reactions. Example: When dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate carbon dioxide gas is evolved.

2. Change in colour:
Certain chemical changes produce change in colour. Example : When you place a iron nail in a solution of copper sulphate, the blue colour of copper sulphate slowly changes into green due to chemical reaction between iron copper sulphate solution.

3. Change in state:
Certain chemical reaction change of state is observed. Example : When you bum a piece of camphor, smoke comes out as result of chemical reaction between solid camphor and oxygen. Here, there is a change of state from solid to gas.

VIII. Reason out

Question 1.
Speed of the certain reaction is influenced by the catalyst.
Answer:
Reason : Some chemical substances are used to alter the speed of a chemical reaction. Example : metallic iron is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of ammonia.

Question 2.
Chlorine is produced by Brine.
Answer:
Reason : Brine is electrolysed to produce chlorine and hydrogen gases along with sodium hydroxide. Such reactions are called as electrolysis.

Question 3.
Ozone is produced naturally in the stratosphere.
Answer:
Reason : Most of the earth’s ozone is contained in the stratosphere, a layer of the atmosphere 10 – 40 km above the surface of the earth.

Question 4.
Photolysis occurs in the atmosphere.
Answer:
Reason : The UV rays from the sun break ozone (O3 molecules in the stratosphere into oxygen and atomic oxygen.

IX. Creative questions : HOTS

Question 1.
Name the nitrate which does not produce brown gas on heating?
Answer:

  1. The nitrates of alkali metals do not produce reddish brown nitrogen dioxide on heating.
  2. The most common ones are sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate.

Question 2.
What are the chemical reactions occur in everyday life?
Answer:

  1. The rusting of iron.
  2. Combustion (burning) of wood.
  3. The metabolism of food in the body.
  4. Mixing an acid and a base, such as hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
  5. Cooking an egg.
  6. Digesting sugar with the amylase in saliva.
  7. Mixing baking soda and vinegar to produce carbon dioxide gas.
  8. Using a chemical battery.
  9. The explosion of fire works.
  10. Rotting bananas.
  11. Photosynthesis.

Question 3.
Is rotting fruit a chemical change?
Answer:
The rotting of fruit is a chemical reaction. It’s not a physical change. Because an enzymatic reaction causes molecules to change when rotting.

Question 4.
An element ‘A’ on exposure to moist air turns reddish – brown and a new compound ‘B’ is formed. The substance ‘A’ and ‘B’ are:
Answer:
A = Fe (Iron)
B = Fe2O3 (Iron oxide)

Question 5.
Which substance is flushed in bags of potato chips to prevent rancidity?
Answer:
Nitrogen.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 4 Matter

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 4 Matter

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Matter Text Book Exercises

I. Choose the best answer

Matter Around Us Class 8 Question 1.
Matter is composed of –

(a) Atoms
(b) Molecules
(c) Ions
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

8th Science Matter Around Us Question 2.
The liquid metal used in thermometers is –
(a) Copper
(b) Mercury
(c) Silver
(d) Gold
Answer:
(b) Mercury

8th Science Matter Around Us Book Back Answers Question 3.
The Pictorial symbol for water given by the alchemists was –
Matter Around Us Class 8 Samacheer Kalvi Term 1 Chapter 4
Answer:
8th Science Matter Around Us Samacheer Kalvi Term 1 Chapter 4

Matter Around Us Class 8 Answers Question 4.
Which one of the element name not derived from planet?
(a) Plutonium
(b) Neptunium
(c) Uranium
(d) Mercury
Answer:
(d) Mercury

8th Science Matter Around Us Question Answer Question 5.
Symbol of Mercury is –
(a) Ag
(b) Hg
(c) Au
(d) Pb
Answer:
(b) Hg

8th Science Guide Matter Around Us Question 6.
A form of non – metal which has high ductility is –
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Oxygen
(c) Chlorine
(d) Carbon
Answer:
(d) Carbon

8th Class Matter Around Us Lesson Question 7.
Which one of metal possess low tensile strength?
(a) Silver
(b) Copper
(c) Zinc
(d) Aluminium
Answer:
(c) Zinc

Matter Around Us Class 8 Questions And Answers Question 8.
The property which allows metals to be hammered into their sheets is –
(a) Ductility
(b) Malleability
(c) Conductivity
(d) Tensile strength
Answer:
(b) Malleability

Matter Around Us Lesson In 8th Class Question 9.
The non – metal which conduct current is –
(a) Carbon
(b) Oxygen
(c) Aluminium
(d) Sulphur
Answer:
(a) Carbon

Matter Around Us Class 8 Textbook Question 10
Pencil lead contains –
(a) Graphite
(b) Diamond
(c) Aluminium
(d) Sulphur
Answer:
(a) Graphite

II. Fill in the blanks

  1. The element which possess character of both metals and non – metals are called ……………..
  2. The symbol of Tungsten ……………..
  3. Melting point of most metal is …………….. than non – metal.
  4. Water contains …………….. and …………….. element.
  5. …………….. is the used in semiconductor industry.

Answer:

  1. Metalloids
  2. W
  3. Higher
  4. Hydrogen, oxygen
  5. Silicon / Germanium

III. True or False, if false correct the statement

Matter Around Us Class 8 Pdf Question 1.
Metals are generally good conductors of electricity, but not good conductors of heat.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Metals are generally good conductors of heat and electricity.

Matter Around Us Class 8 Pdf Download Question 2.
Gallium metal is in solid state at or just above room temperature.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Gallium (Ga) become liquid at or just above room temperature.

Matter Around Us Class 8 Textbook Pdf Question 3.
Compounds can be made up of one atom.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
A compound is formed due to the chemical combination of two or more elements.

Matter Around Us Class 8 Samacheer Question 4.
Coal can be drawn into wires.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Coal cannot be drawn into wires, because they are non- metals since non – metals are brittle and non – ductile. So, they cannot be drawn into wires.

Matter Around Us Class 8 Samacheer Kalvi Question 5.
Zinc is highly ductile in nature.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Zinc is neither ductile nor malleable at room temperature.

IV. Match the substance given in column A with their use given in Column B

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solution Question 1.

A B
1. Iron (A) For making wires
2. Copper (B) Sewing needle
3. Tungsten (C) As a fuel for ignition in rocket.
4. Boron (D) Making the filament of a bulb

Answer:

  1. B
  2. A
  3. D
  4. C

Kalvi Guru 8th Science Question 2.

1. Atom (A) building block of matter
2. Element (B) atoms of different kinds
3. Compound (C) atoms of the same kind
4. Molecule (D) smallest unit of a substance

(a) 1 – A, 2 – C, 3 – B, 4 – D
(b) 1 – C,2 – A, 3 – B, 4 – D
(c) 1 – D, 2 – C, 3 – B, 4 – A
(d) 1 – B, 2 – C, 3 – A, 4 – D
Answer:

  1. A
  2. C
  3. B
  4. D

8th Science Matter Around Us Guide Question 3.
Identify the state of matter based on the arrangement of the molecules.
8th Science Matter Around Us Book Back Answers Samacheer Kalvi Term 1 Chapter 4
(a) A – gas, B – solid, C – liquid
(b) A – Liquid, B – solid, C – Gas
(c) A – gas, B – solid, C – liquid
(d) A – Liquid, B – Gas, C – Solid
Answer:
(a) A – gas, B – solid, C – liquid

V. Very Short Answer Questions

Matter Around Us 8th Class Question 1.
What is ductility?
Answer:
Metals can be drawn into thin wires. This property of metals is called ductility.
Example : Copper wires.

Matter Around Us Class 8 Answer Key Question 2.
Write the constituent elements and their symbols for the following compounds

  1. Carbon monoxide
  2. Washing soda

Answer:

Compound Symbols Constituent elements
Carbon monoxide (CO) Carbon and oxygen
Washing soda (Na2CO3) Sodium, carbon and oxygen

8th Standard Matter Around Us Question Answer Question 3.
Write the symbols for these elements

  1. Oxygen
  2. Gold
  3. Calcium
  4. Cadmium
  5. Iron

Answer:

S.No Element Symbols
(i) Oxygen O
(ii) Gold Au
(iii) Calcium Ca
(iv) Cadmium Cd
(v) Iron Fe

Question 4.
Name two soft metals that can be cut with a knife.
Answer:
Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) are soft metals those metals can be cut with a knife.

Question 5.
Which non – metal is essential for our life and all living beings inhale it during breathing?
Answer:
Oxygen is essential for our life and all living beings inhale it during breathing.

Question 6.
Why are bells made of metals?
Answer:
On being hit, metals produce a typical sound. They are said to be sonorous. This property is being made used in making bells.

Question 7.
What does a chemical symbol represent?
Answer:
A chemical symbol is a shorthand method of representing an element.

Symbol of an element signifies:

  1. Name of the element.
  2. One atom of the element for example,
  3. The symbol O stands for the element of oxygen.
  4. One atom of oxygen.

Question 8.
Give two examples for metalloids.
Answer:
Boron and silicon.

Question 9.
Mention any three compounds that exist in liquid state.
Answer:

  1. Water
  2. Hydro chloric Acid
  3. Nitric Acid

Question 10.
Write three properties of metalloids.
Answer:
Properties of metalloids:
Metalloids are all solid at room temperature.

  1. They can form alloys with other metals
  2. Some metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, can act as electrical conductors under the specific conditions, thus they are called semiconductors.
  3. Silicon for example appears lustrous, but is not malleable nor ductile (it is brittle – a characteristic of some non – metals). It is a much poorer conductor of heat and electricity than the metals

VI. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Can you store pickle in an aluminium utensil? Explain.
Answer:
No, we cannot store the lemon pickle in aluminium utensil because aluminium is a metal and lemon is acidic. The acids react with metals to give hydrogen which would spoil the food and makes it unfit to use.

Question 2.
Tabulate four points of difference between metals and non – metals.
Answer:

Property Metal Non – metal
Physical state at room temperature Usually solid Solid, liquid or gas.
Malleability Good Poor – usually soft or brittle.
Ductility Good Poor – usually soft or brittle.
Boiling point Usually high Usually low

Question 3.
Define tensile strength.
Answer:
Metals have the capacity to withstand strain without breaking. This property is called tensile strength. It is the property that owes the use of iron for the construction of railway tracks.

Question 4.
Why are utensils made up of aluminium and brass?
Answer:

  1. The cooking utensils are made up of aluminium and brass because they are good conductors of heat.
  2. Aluminium will form a layer of protective oxide that prevents further reaction. Also aluminium is also relatively cheap and that is why it is used widely in making utensils.

Question 5.
Define a Alchemy.
Answer:
Alchemy was form of chemistry studied in the middle age, which was concerned with trying to discover ways to change ordinary metals into gold.

Question 6.
Name the elements for following symbols.

  1. Na
  2. W
  3. Ba
  4. Al
  5. U

Answer:

  1. Na – Sodium
  2. W – Tungsten
  3. Ba – Barium
  4. Al – Aluminium
  5. U – Uranium.

Question 7.
Name six common non – metals and write their symbols.
Answer:

S.No Non – metals Symbols
1. Sulphur S
2. Carbon c
3. Oxygen 0
4. Hydrogen H
5. Helium He
6. Nitrogen N

Question 8.
Answer:
Mention any four compounds and their uses.
Answer:
Compounds and their uses:

Common Name

Chemical Name Constituents Uses
Water Hydrogen Oxide Hydrogen and oxygen For drinking and as solvent
Table salt Sodium chloride Sodium and chlorine Essential component of our daily diet, preservative for meat and fish.
Sugar Sucrose Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Preparation of sweets, toffees and fruit juices.

Baking soda

Sodium bicarbonate Sodium, hydrogen, carbon and oxygen Fire extinguisher, preparation of baking powder and preparation of cakes and bread.

Question 9.
Mention the metals that are used in jewellery.
Answer:
Silver and gold are used for making jewels and in decorative purposes

Question 10.
Mention the uses for the following compounds.

  1. Baking soda
  2. Bleaching powder
  3. Quick lime

Answer:

S.No Compounds Uses
(i) Baking soda Fire extinguisher, preparation of baking powder and preparation of cakes and bread.
(ii) Bleaching powder As bleaching agent, disinfectant and sterilisation of drinking water.
(iii) Quick lime Manufacture of cement and glass.

VII. Reason out

Question 1.
Give reasons for the following.

  1. Aluminum foils are used to wrap food items.
  2. Immersion rods for heating liquids are made up of metallic substances.
  3. A doctor prescribed a tablet to a patient suffering from iron deficiency. The tablet does not look like iron.
  4. Sodium and potassium are stored in kerosene.
  5. Mercury is used in thermometers.

Answer:

  1. Aluminium is malleable, soft and does not react with food items, so it is used to wrap food items.
  2. Metals are good conductor of heat and electricity, so immersion rods are made up of metallic substances.
  3. It doesn’t look like iron, iron tablets does not contains iron metal, rather it contains iron salts like ferrous sulphate, ferrous citrate etc.
  4. Sodium and potassium are very reactive, they react with air and water, so they are stored in kerosene.
  5. Mercury is used in thermometers and barometers because of its high density and uniform expansion at different temperature.

Question 2.
Why wires cannot be drawn from materials such as stone or wood?
Answer:
Wires cannot be drawn from materials such as stone or wood, is because these materials are non – conductors of electricity.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Matter Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
The most reactive metal is ……………..
(a) Iron
(b) Gold
(c) Zinc
(d) Potassium
Answer:
(d) potassium

Question 2.
The liquid metal at room temperature ……………..
(a) Mercury
(b) Bromine
(c) Sodium
(d) Gold
Answer:
(a) Mercury

Question 3.
Non – metals are ……………….
(a) Generally liquids
(b) Generally gases
(c) Generally solids and gases
(d) Generally gases and liquids
Answer:
(c) Generally solids and gases

Question 4.
The metal which is stored in kerosene
(a) phosphorous
(b) Magnesium
(c) Sodium
(d) Gold
Answer:
(c) sodium

Question 5.
The non – metal which is liquid at room temperature is
(a) Carbon
(b) Iodine
(c) Bromine
(d) Chlorine
Answer:
(c) Bromine

Question 6.
The metal which can be cut with a knife
(a) Sodium and potassium
(b) Barium and calcium
(c) Sodium and mercury
(d) Potassium and calcium
Answer:
(a) sodium and potassium

Question 7.
Which of the following is false for gases?
(a) They diffuse easily
(b) They have mass
(c) They do not mix well
(d) They are highly compressible
Answer:
(c) They do not mix well

II. Fill in the Blanks

  1. Atom or group of atoms having a charge are called ………………
  2. In chemistry each element is denoted by a ………………
  3. Metals and non – metals are used for making ……………., …………… and ……………..
  4. ……………. is so hard that it can scratch glass.
  5. The typical shine of metals is called …………….
  6. Metals are ……………. conductors of heat and electricity.
  7. Metalloids are ……………. at room temperature.
  8. A molecule of water is composed of an oxygen atom and ……………..
  9. Compounds obtained from non – living sources are called …………….
  10. All gases are …………….

Answer:

  1. Ions
  2. Symbol
  3. Tools, machines, cars
  4. Osmium
  5. Metallic lustre
  6. Good
  7. Solid
  8. Two hydrogen atoms
  9. Inorganic compounds
  10. Non – metals

III. True or False – if false give the correct statement

Question 1.
Sodium is a hard metal.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Sodium is a soft metal, it can be cut with a knife.

Question 2.
Silver and copper are very good conductors of electricity.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
Metals have high melting points.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
Antimony has the highest tensile strength.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Tungsten has the highest tensile strength.

Question 5.
The other name of potassium hydroxide is caustic potash.
Answer:
True.

IV. Match the following

Question 1.

i Softest metal (a) Copper
ii Hardest metal (b) Sodium
iii Hardest non – metal (c) Osmium
iv Ductility (d) Diamond

Answer:

i. b
ii. c
iii. d
iv. a

Question 2.

i Silica (a) Caustic potash
ii Potassium hydroxide (b) Sand
iii Sodium hydroxide (c) Calamine
iv Zinc carbonate (d) Caustic soda

Answer:

i. b
ii. a
iii. d
iv. c

V. Very short Answers

Question 1.
Which metal has the highest ductility?
Answer:
The most ductile metals is platinum.

Question 2.
Why do metals appear shiny?
Answer:
All metals are shiny. The typical shine of metals is called metallic lustre. All metals have typical metallic lustre. An exception is calcium.

Question 3.
Which metals are not solid at room temperature?
Answer:
Metals are solid under normal conditions of temperature and pressure. Mercury is liquid at room temperature.

Question 4.
Which metals are liquid at room temperature?
Answer:
Elements Cesium (Cs), Rubidium (Rb), Francium (Fr) and Gallium (Ga) become liquid at or just above room temperature.

Question 5.
State different states of matter with an example.
Answer:
Matter has three different states.
Matter Around Us Class 8 Answers Samacheer Kalvi Term 1 Chapter 4

Question 6.
Why are metalloids called semimetals?
Answer:
Some elements neither fit with the metals or with non – metals. Such elements are called semi – metals. They exhibit the properties of metals as well as non – metals.

Question 7.
Name the two elements which are derived from the country.
Answer:
(i) Name : Americum
Symbol : Am
Country : America

(ii) Name : Europium
Symbol : Eu
Country : Europe

VII. Short Answer

Question 1.
Differentiate inorganic compounds and organic compounds.
Answer:
Inorganic compounds:
Compounds obtained from non – living sources such as rock, minerals etc.
Example:
Chalk, baking powder etc.

Organic compounds:
Compounds obtained from living sources such as plants and animals.
Example:
Protein, carbohydrates etc.

Question 2.
What is the significance of the symbol of an element? Ans. Symbol of an element signifies .

  1. Name of the element.
  2. One atom of the element.

Example : The symbol O stands for the element of oxygen. One atom of oxygen.

Question 3.
Tabulate the some important compounds that exist in gaseous state.
Answer:

Compound Constituent elements
Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide Carbon, Oxygen
Sulphur dioxide Sulphur, Oxygen
Methane Carbon, Hydrogen
Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen, Oxygen
Ammonia Nitrogen, Hydrogen

Question 4.
Answer:
The vapour had purple colour, so the element was given the name after the Greek iodides, which means violet.
8th Science Matter Around Us Question Answer Samacheer Kalvi Term 1 Chapter 4
Name : Iodine
Symbol : I
Name derived from : Violet (colour, Greek)

Question 5
Answer:
Write a note on Greem symbols.
Answer:
The symbols in form of the geometrical shapes were those used by the ancient Greeks to represent the four basic elements around us such as earth, air, fire and water.

Question 6.
Answer:
Compare the conductivity of metals and non – metals.
Metals:

  1. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
  2. Silver and copper are very good conductor of electricity. However bismuth and tungsten are poor conductors.

Non – metals:

  1. Non – metals are bad conductor of electricity.
  2. Graphite (a form of carbon) is exception.

VIII. Long Answer

Question 1.
Write the physical properties of non – metals.
Answer:
Physical p roperties of non – metals:

1. Physical state:
Non – metals occur as solids, liquids or gases at normal temperature; for example sulphur, phosphorus occurs in solid state while bromine occurs in liquid state. Gases like oxygen, nitrogen, etc., occur in the gaseous state.
8th Science Guide Matter Around Us Samacheer Kalvi Term 1 Chapter 4
2. Hardness:
Non – metals are generally not hard except diamond, (a form of carbon)

3. Lustre:
Non – metals have a dull appearance; Graphite and iodine are exceptions as they are shiny and lustrous.

4. Density:
Non – Metals are generally soft and have low densities. The exception here is diamond (a form of carbon) which’is the hardest naturally occurring substance

5. Melting point and boiling point:
Non – metals have low melting point and boiling point. However, carbon, silicon and boron are exceptions.

6. Tensile strength:
Non – metals do not have tensile strength. However, carbon fibre (a form of carbon) is as tensile as steel.

7. Malleability:
Non – metals are non-malleable. If hammered, they form a powdery mass. Actually non – metals in solid state are brittle in nature.

8. Ductility:
Non – metals are not ductile. Carbon fibre is highly ductile.

9. Conductivity:
Non – Metals are generally bad conductor of electricity. Graphite (a form of carbon) is exception.

10. Sonorous:
Non – metals do not produce sound (non – sonorous) when hit.

Question 2.
Write the uses of metals.
Answer:
Metal:

  1. Iron, is used for making bridges, engine parts, iron – sheet and bars.
  2. Copper is used for making electrical wires, coins and statue.
  3. Silver and gold are used for making jewels, in decorative purposes and photography.
  4. Mercury is used in thermometers and barometers because of its high density and uniform expansion at different temperature.
  5. Aluminium is used in electrical wires, cables and in aerospace industries.
  6. Lead is used in automobile batteries, X – ray machines.

8th Class Matter Around Us Lesson Samacheer Kalvi Term 1 Chapter 4

Question 3.
Write the uses of non – metals.
Answer:

  1. Diamond (a form of carbon) is used for making jewels, cutting and grinding equipments. Graphite is used in making pencil lead.
  2. Sulphur is used in the manufacturing of gun powder and vulcanization of rubber.
  3. Phosphorus is used in matches, rat poison etc.
  4. Nitrogen is used for manufacturing ammonia.
  5. Chlorine is used as a bleaching agent and in sterilizing water.
  6. Hydrogen is used as a rocket fuel and hydrogen flame is used for cutting and welding purposes, as well as a reducing agent.

 Matter Around Us Class 8 Questions And Answers Samacheer Kalvi Term 1 Chapter 4

 Matter Around Us Lesson In 8th Class Samacheer Kalvi Term 1 Chapter 4

Question 4.
Write a note on classification of compounds.
Answer:
Classsification compound:
Based on the origin of chemical constituents, compounds are classified as inorganic compounds and organic compounds.

1. Inorganic compounds:
Compounds obtained from non – living sources such as rock, minerals etc., are called inorganic compounds. Example: chalk, baking powder etc.

2. Organic compounds:
Compounds obtained from living sources such as plants, animals etc., are called organic compound. Example: Protein, carbohydrates, etc.

Both inorganic and organic compounds exists in all three states of matter ie., solids, liquids and gases.

IX. Cross word puzzle

In this crossword puzzle, names of 10 elements are hidden. Symbols of these are given below. Complete the puzzle.
Answer:
 Matter Around Us Class 8 Textbook Samacheer Kalvi Term 1 Chapter 4

Across and down:

  1. Cl
  2. H
  3. Fe
  4. Ag
  5. Ar
  6. As
  7. Br
  8. Mn
  9. Al
  10. Ca
  11. S
  12. CO

X. Reason out

Question 1.
Sand is also known as silica.
Answer:
Reason : High purity sand almost entirely composed of silica.

Question 2.
Sulphur is used in vulcanization of rubber.
Answer:
Reason : Vulcanization of rubber is a process of improvement of the rubber elasticity and strength by heating it in the presence of sulphur.

Question 3.
Elements are called semi – metals.
Reason : Some elements neither fit with the metals nor with non – metals.

Question 4.
Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature.
Answer:
Reason : Mercury has a low melting point, and it is a poor electrical and thermal conductor.

XI. Creative questions : HOTS

Question 1.
Which letter is never used in any element symbol?
Answer:
The letter “J” is the only one not found on the periodic table. In some countries (eg: Norway, Poland, Sweden. Serbia, Croatia), the element iodine is known by the name jod.

Question 2.
What is the rarest natural element in the earth?
Answer:
Astatine is the rarest element on earth. Astatine is a naturally occurring semi – metal that results from the decay of uranium and thorium.

Question 3.
Explain why?
Answer:

  1. A gas fill a vessel completely?
  2. Camphor disappears without leaving any residue.

Answer:

  1. Because the molecules of the gas moves freely so it occupies the whole space the vessel.
  2. Camphor disappears after sometimes as its surface gains kinetic energy and gets directly converted into gas. The process of getting converted directly into gas without getting converted into liquid is called sublimation.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Term 2 Poem Chapter 2 A Thing of Beauty

Students can Download English Poem 2 A Thing of Beauty Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Term 2 Poem Chapter 2 A Thing of Beauty

Explanation of Poetic Lines

Line Nos. Poem Lines Explanation
1-3 A thing of beauty is a joy forever Its loveliness increases, it will never Pass into nothingness; The poet says that beauty stays forever. It never fades away. Rather, it increases with the passing time.
3-5 but will keep
A bower quiet for us, and a sleep
Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing
Beauty is like a beautiful shady tree under whose shade all the creatures can sleep peacefully and enjoy good health.
6 & 7 Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing A flowery band to bind us to the earth, Everyday, it is the beauty which fills us with the spirit to live. The beauty builds the desire in us to live and bind us to the earth.
8 & 9 Some shape of beauty moves away the pall From our dark spirits. The beauty which is created by God, helps us to remove the sadness from our hearts.
9-11 Such the sun, the moon,
Trees old, and young, sprouting a shady boon For simple sheep;
The beautiful things such as the sun, the moon, old and young trees are like a blessing bestowed on all the creatures by the earth. They provide us with shade and coolness. They are a boon to us.
11-14 and such are daffodils
With the green world they live in : and clear rills
That for themselves a cooling covert make Giants the hot season;
Daffodils are also beautiful with their green world. The clear stream cools the long hot summer.
14-17 the mid forest brake,
Rich with a sprinkling of fair musk – rose blooms;
An endless fountain of immortal drink; Pouring unto us from the heavens brink
The poet further carries on with the description of the more beautiful things present on the earth such as the beautiful musk roses with a nice fragrance. These things are the gifts from God for all of us. They are like nectar given by God to us. These are the beauties which are immortal and give us a reason to live on this earth despite having so many sorrows in our life.

Read and Understand

B. Choose the correct answers.

A Thing Of Beauty Summary Class 8 Question 1.
According to the poet, a thing of beauty is _______
(a) a joy forever
(b) a pain forever
(c) a suffering forever
(d) neglected
Answer:
(a) a joy forever

A Thing Of Beauty Poem 8th Standard Question 2.
Beautiful things never “pass into nothingness ” means that they _______
(a) never increases
(b) create unpleasantness between friends
(c) never fade away
(d) always bring unhappiness
Answer:
(c) never fade away

8th English Poem A Thing Of Beauty Question 3.
“Will keep a bower quiet for us” means _______
(a) Will give us peace and calm
(b) will stop unpleasant sound
(c) make our beds fit to sleep
(d) reduces noise
Answer:
(a) Will give us peace and calm

A Thing Of Beauty Book Back Answers Question 4.
Of all the unhealthy means _______
(a) Pain
(b) neglect
(c) suffering
(d) ill-health
Answer:
(c) suffering

A Thing Of Beauty 8th Poem Question 5.
The sun, moon, trees, old and young are the things that _______
(a) Depress us
(b) remove the pall of gloom from our lives
(c) makes us laugh
(d) gives us oxygen
Answer:
(b) remove the pall of gloom from our lives

C. Answer the following.

8th Poem A Thing Of Beauty Question 1.
How is a thing of beauty joy forever?
Answer:
A thing of beauty is a joy forever because it is a source of endless joy and its eternal beauty never fades away.

A Thing Of Beauty Poem 8th Class Question 2.
Why do we suffer?
Answer:
Over attachments to the earthly things are like a trap which bind us to the materialistic things and keep us away from eternal happiness. So we suffer.

A Thing Of Beauty Poem Class 8 Question 3.
According to the poet, mention the evil things we possess?
Answer:
The evil things we possess are hatred, greed, and negativity.

A Thing Of Beauty Samacheer Kalvi Question 4.
Identify the figure of speech in the following lines :
A bower quiet for us, and a sleep
Answer:
Metaphor : bower quiet
The calmness of a bower is compared to the calming effect of a beautiful thing.

Of noble natures, of the gloomy days
Answer:
1. Alliteration : Noble – Natures.
2. Anaphora: The use of the same word ‘of’ in two consecutive lines.

That for themselves a cooling covert make
Answer:
Alliteration: That – themselves; cooling – covert.

A Thing of Beauty Additional Questions

I. Poem Comprehension and poetic Devices.

1. A thing of beauty is a joy forever
Its loveliness increases, it will never
Pass into nothingness;

A Thing Of Beauty Summary Question a.
What is a joy forever?
Answer:
A thing of beauty is a joy forever.

A Thing Of Beauty Question Answer Question b.
What are its qualities?
Answer:
Its loveliness increases and it never fades away.

2. Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing
A flowery band to bind us to the earth,

A Thing Of Beauty Summary In Tamil Question a.
What are we wreathing everyday?
Answer:
We are wreathing a flowering band everyday.

A Thing Of Beauty Questions And Answers Question b.
Why do we wreath a flowery band?
Answer:
We wreathe it to bind us to the earth.

3. An endless fountain of immortal drink,
Pouring unto us from the heaven’s brink

A Thing Of Beauty Poem In Tamil Question a.
What is the immortal drink?
Answer:
All the beautiful things are like nectar which is immortal.

A Thing Of Beauty Solutions Question b.
From where does the immortal drink pour?
Answer:
It pours on us from heaven.

8th Standard Beauty Question Answer Question c.
identify the figure,pf speech.
Answer:
Metaphor; Immortal drink.

4. Full of sweet dreams and health, and quiet breathing
Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing

Pick out the rhyming words.
Answer:
Breathing – Wreathing are the rhyming words.

5. A thing of beauty is a joy forever
Its loveliness increases, it will never
Pass into nothingness, but will keep
A bower quiet for us, and a sleep.

What is the rhyming scheme of these lines.
Answer:
The rhyming scheme is “aabb”.

6. A flowery band to bind us to the earth,

What is the literary device used here?
Answer:
‘Imagery’ is used here as the poet makes us to visualize that a flowery band binding us to the earth.

7. For simple sheep; and such are daffodils

Which are the words alliterated here?
Answer:
simple – sheep – such are the alliterated words.

II. Short Questions and Answers.

A Thing Of Beauty Poem Question Answers Question 1.
What is a bower?
Answer:
A hower is a pleasant shady place under trees or climbing plants.

A Thing Of Beauty Poem Question 2.
List the things of beauty mentioned in the poem.
Answer:
The Sim, the moon, shady trees, daffodil flowers, streams of water, dense green forest are things of beauty mentioned here.

Question 3.
What does the flowing streams do to us?
Answer:
The flowing streams of water cool and refresh us in the hot summer.

Question 4.
How are the beautiful things?
Answer:
They are like a fountain of immortality bestowed upon us by God.

Question 5.
What is a ‘rill’?
Answer:
A rill is a small clear stream.

IV. Paragraph Questions with Answers.

Question 1.
What is the central idea of the poem‘A thing of beauty’?
Answer:
Beauty is a heavenly tonic or drink. It is an endless fountain of nectar. This beauty comes in different forms like a tale, a poem, a play, a lovely object of nature or the heavenly bodies. It soothes our. spirits and gives us good health, sound sleep and mental peace. It removes sadness from our lives and gives an everlasting joy. So beauty is a gift of God to all of us.

Question 2.
Do the things of beauty’ make a lasting impression on us?
Answer:
We feel happy by coming into contact with things of beauty. They make a lasting impression on us. Keats makes it clear at the outset. A thing of beauty is a joy forever. It is a constant source of joy and pleasure. Its beauty never declines or diminishes. Its loveliness goes on increasing every moment. Its value remains undiminished. It never passes into nothingness. It removes the pall of sadness that covers our dark spirits.

A Thing of Beauty Summary

The poet says that a beautiful thing is a source of endless joy. It has eternal beauty which never fades away. A beautiful thing is like a shady shelter which gives us a sleep full of sweet dreams, good health and relaxation.

Our attachments to the Earthly things are like a flowery wreath. They are traps which bind us to the materialistic things and keep us away from eternal happiness. The Earth is full of hatred, greed and negativity. According to the poet, the gloom and sadness caused by this negativity fade away with the positive vibes of the beautiful things that surround us.

The poet lists out some of the beautiful things that surround us. As the saying goes – “lies in the eyes of the beholder” says that the numerous creations of God, like the sun, which gives us energy, the moon’s beauty, the trees which give us shade are the natural beauties around us. The various animals,like the sheep that surround us make our world lively. The pretty flowers like daffodils make the world green and lively.

The following streams of water cool and refresh us in the hot summer season. The forests which are full of the pretty musk rose flowers are a beautiful sight to the eye. All these are the things of beauty. Also, the stories of the brave soldiers who laid their lives to protect their people are beautiful and inspiring. These beautiful things are like a fountain of immortality bestowed upon us by God. They inspire us to live on and maintain our faith in goodness.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science History Solutions Term 1 Chapter 1 Advent of the Europeans

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science History Solutions Term 1 Chapter 1 Advent of the Europeans

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Advent of the Europeans Textbook Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answer

Advent Of The European Questions And Answers Question 1.
Who laid the foundation of Portuguese power in India?
(a) Vasco da Gama
(b) Bartholomew Diaz
(c) Alfonso de Albuquerque
(d) Almeida
Answer:
(c) Alfonso de Albuquerque

8th Standard Social Science History Question 2.
Which of the following European Nation was the foremost attempt to discover a sea route to India?
(a) Dutch
(b) Portugal
(c) France
(d) Britain
Answer:
(b) Portugal

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Standard Social Science Solutions Question 3.
In 1453 Constantinople was captured by ……………
(a) The French
(b) The Turks
(c) The Dutch
(d) The British
Answer:
(b) The Turks

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Social Science Question 4.
Sir William Hawkins belonged to …………….
(a) Portugal
(b) Spain
(c) England
(d) France
Answer:
(c) England

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Social Question 5.
The first fort constructed by the British in India was ……………
(a) Fort St. William
(b) Fort St.George
(c) Agra fort
(d) Fort St. David
Answer:
(b) Fort St.George

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Book Solutions Question 6.
Who among the following Europeans were the last to come India as traders?
(a) The British
(b) The French
(c) The Danish
(d) The Portuguese
Answer:
(b) The French

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Solutions Question 7.
Tranqueber on the Tamilnadu coast was a trade centre of the ……………
(a) The Portuguese
(b) The British
(c) The French
(d) The Danish
Answer:
(d) The Danish

II. Fill in the Blanks

  1. National Archives of India (NAI) is located in ……………..
  2. Bartholomew Diaz, a Portuguese sailor was patronized by ………………
  3. The printing press in India was set up by …………….. at Goa in 1556.
  4. The Mughal Emperor …………….. permitted the English to trade in India.
  5. The French East India Company was formed by ……………..
  6. …………….. the King of Denmark issued a charter to create Danish East India company.

Answer:

  1. New Delhi
  2. King John II
  3. Portuguese
  4. Jahangir
  5. Colbert
  6. Christian IV

III. Match the following
Advent Of The European Questions And Answers Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science History Solutions Term 1 Chapter 1
Answer:

  1. iv
  2. iii
  3. ii
  4. i.

IV. State true or false

Samacheer Kalvi 8th History Book Question 1.
Auto biography is one of the written sources.
Answer:
True

8th Social Science Samacheer Kalvi Question 2.
Coins are one of the material sources.
Answer:
True

8th History Book In Marathi Pdf Question 3.
Ananda Rangam was a translator served under British.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
Ananda Rangam was a translator served under French.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Social Science Guide Question 4.
The place where historical documents are preserved is called archives.
Answer:
True

V. Consider the following statements and tick (V) the appropriate answer.

Samacheer Kalvi Class 8 Social Science Solutions Question 1.
(i) Governor Nino de Cunha moved Portuguese capital from Cochin to Goa.
(ii) Portuguese were the last to leave from in India.
(iii) The Dutch founded their first factory at Surat.
(iv) Sir Thomas Roe was sent to Jahangir’s court by King James I of England.

(a) i & ii are Correct.
(b) ii & iv are Correct.
(c) iii is correct
(d) i, ii & iv are correct.

Answer:
(d) i, ii & iv are correct

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8 Social Science Question 2.

  1. Find out the wrong pair
  2. Francis Day – Denmark
  3. Pedro Cabral – Portugal
  4. Captain Hawkins – Britain
  5. Colbert – France

Answer:
1. Francis Day – Denmark

VI. Answer the following in one or two sentences.

Samacheer Kalvi.Guru 8th Social Question 1.
Give a short note on Archives?
Answer:
Archives is the place where historical documents are preserved. The National Archives of India (NAI) is located in New Delhi. It is the chief storehouse of the records of the government of India.

Question 2.
Write about the importance of Coins.
Answer:
Coins are a good source to know about administrative history. As compared to the literary sources the chances of manipulation is very less in the case of coins. Thus they are an authentic archaelogical source.

Question 3.
Why Prince Henry is called ‘Henry the Navigator’?
Answer:
Prince Henry of Portugal, who is commonly known as the “Navigator”, encouraged his countrymen to take up the adventurous life of exploring the unknown regions of the world.

Question 4.
Name the important factories established by the Dutch in India.
Answer:
After their arrival in India, the Dutch founded their first factory in Masulipatnam, (Andhra Pradesh) in 1605. The other important factories in India were Pulicat, Surat, Chinsura, Kasim bazaar, Patna, Nagapatnam, Balasore and Cochin.

Question 5.
Mention the trading centers of the English in India.
Answer:
The English had established their trading centres at Surat, Agra, Ahmadabad and Broach.

VII. Answer the following

Question 1.
Give an account of the sources of Modern India.
Answer:
1. The sources for the history of modem India help us to know the political, socio – economic and cultural developments in the country.

2. The Portuguese, the Dutch, the French, the Danes, and the English recorded their official transactions in India on state papers.

3. History can be written with the help of written sources and material sources.

4. Written Sources:
After the advent of the printing press, book were published in different languages people began to acquire knowledge easily in the fields like art, literature, history and science.

5. Written sources include Literatures, Travel Accounts, Diaries, Auto Biographies, Pamphlets, Government Documents and Manuscripts.

6. Archives:
It has main source of information for understanding past administrative machinery as well as a guide to the present and future generations related to all matters.

7. Material Sources:
Paintings and statues are the main sources of modem Indian history which provide information about national leaders and historical personalities and their achievements.

8. Historical buildings and museums preserve and promote our cultural heritage,

9. Coins are a good source to know about administrative history.

Question 2.
How did the Portuguese establish their trading centres in India?
Answer:
1. In A.D. 1498, Vasco da Gama reached Calicut, where he was cordially received by King Zamorin, the ruler of Calicut. A second Portuguese navigator, Pedro Alvares Cabral, sailed towards India in 1500.

2. Vasco da Gama came to India for the second time in 1501 with 20 ships and founded a trading centre at Cannanore.

3. One after another, they established factories at Calicut and Cochin.

4. King Zamorin attacked the Portuguese in Cochin, but was defeated.

5. Cochin was the first capital of the Portuguese East India Company.

6. In 1505, Francisco de Almeida was sent as the first Governor for the Portuguese possessions in India.

7. Almeida had the aim of developing the naval power of the Portuguese in India. His policy was known as the “Blue Water Policy”.

8. Sultans of Bijapur and Gujarat were also apprehensive of the expansion of Portuguese control of ports which led to an alliance between Egypt, Turkey and Gujarat against Portuguese invaders.

9. In a naval battle fought near Chaul, the combined Muslim fleet won a victory over the Portuguese fleet under Almeida’s son.

10. Almeida defeated the combined Muslim fleet in a naval battle near Diu, and by the year 1509, Portuguese claimed the naval supremacy in Asia.

11. The real founder of the Portuguese power in India was Alfonso de Albuquerque who captured Goa and established the Portuguese authority over Ormuz in Persian Gulf.

12. Governor Nino de Cunha moved capital from Cochin to Goa in 1530. In 1534, he acquired Bassein from Bahadur Shah of Gujarat, in 1537.

13. During the 16th century, Portuguese succeeded in capturing Goa, Daman, Diu, Salsette, Bassein, Chaul and Bombay on the western coast, Hooghly on the Bengal coast and San Thome on the Madras coast and enjoyed good trade benefits.

Question 3.
How did the British establish their trading centres in India?
Answer:
1. In 1600, Elizabeth, the Queen of England granted a charter to the governor and company of Merchants of London to trade with East Indies.

2. The Company was headed by a Governor and a court of 24 directors.

3. Captain Hawkins visited Jahangir’s court and secured permission to raise a settlement at Surat which was cancelled later.

4. In 1612, the English Captain Thomas Best, inflicted a severe defeat over the Portuguese in a naval battle near Surat.

5. The Mughal Emperor Jahangir permitted the English to establish their factory in 1613 at Surat, which became the headquarters of the English in western India.

6. Captain Nicholas Downton won another decisive victory over the Portuguese in 1614.

7. This enhanced the British prestige at the Mughal court.

8. In 1615, Sir Thomas Roe was sent to Jahangir’s court by King James I of England, who succeeded in concluding a commercial treaty with the emperor

9. Before the departure of Sir Thomas Roe, the English had established their trading centres at Surat, Agra, Ahmadabad and Broach.

VIII. Map skill

Question 1.
On the river map of India, mark the following trading centres of the Europeans.

  1. Calicut
  2. Cochin
  3. Madras
  4. Pondicherry
  5. Surat
  6. Chinsura
  7. Pulicat
  8. Calcutta

Answer:
8th Standard Social Science History Samacheer Kalvi Term 1 Chapter 1 Advent Of The Europeans

IX. HOTs

Question 1.
How did the fall of Constantinople affect the European nations?
Answer:

  1. The fall of Constantinople was the end of an era for Europe as it severely hurt traders in the European region.
  2. The land route between India and Europe was closed. The Turks penetrated into North Africa and the Balkan Peninsula.
  3. It became imperative on the part of the European nations to discover new sea routes to the East.

X. Student Activity

Question 1.
Prepare a chart on the kinds of sources of Modern India.
Answer:
Kinds of Sources of Mordem India.
Hints:
Artifacts from Archeological sites coins, monuments, inscriptions, travelogues and autobiographies are primary sources of information for modem history, it also includes government reports, letter, photographs map diaries, news papers and films.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science History Advent of the Europeans Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The ……………… of India attracted Europeans to this country.
(a) Technology
(b) Machinery
(c) Wealth
(d) River
Answer:
(c) wealth

Question 2.
Ananda Rangan’s ……………… reveal his profound capacity for political judgment.
(a) Diaries
(b) Books
(c) Paintings
(d) Coins
Answer:
(a) Diaries

Question 3.
The first issue of the calendar of Madras records was published in ……………….
(a) 1914
(b) 1917
(c) 1918
(d) 1920
Answer:
(b) 1917

Question 4.
…………….. help to preserve and promote our cultural heritage.
(a) Parks
(b) Books
(c) Beaches
(d) Museums
Answer:
(d) Museums

Question 5.
The national museum in ……………… is the largest museum in India.
(a) Delhi
(b) Chennai
(c) Mumbai
(d) Kolkata
Answer:
(a) Delhi

Question 6.
The Reserve Bank of India was formally set up in ……………..
(a) 1940
(b) 1938
(c) 1935
(d) 1936
Answer:
(c) 1935

Question 7.
The first paper currency was issued by RBI in ……………..
(a) 1940
(b) 1938
(c) 1937
(d) 1936
Answer:
(b) 1938

Question 8.
After the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, the land route between India and ……………. was closed.
(a) Pakistan
(b) Bangladesh
(c) Africa
(d) Europe
Answer:
(d) Europe

Question 9.
Bartholomew Diaz, was patronized by king ……………..
(a) George II
(b) Henry VIII
(c) John II
(d) Edward VII
Answer:
(c) John II

Question 10.
……………… maintained friendly relations with Vijayanagar Empire.
(a) Vasco da Gama
(b) Francisco de Almeida
(c) Alfonso de Albuquerque
(d) Nino de Cunha
Answer:

Question 11.
The ……………. brought the cultivation of tobacco to India.
(a) Portuguese
(b) Dutch
(c) British
(d) French
Answer:
(a) Portuguese

Question 12.
Due to the influence of the Portuguese ……………. religion spread in India’s western and eastern coasts.
(a) Islam
(b) Catholic
(c) Buddhism
(d) Jainism
Answer:
(b) Catholic

Question 13.
The ……………. followed the Portuguese into India.
(a) British
(b) French
(c) Danish
(d) Dutch
Answer:
(d) Dutch

Question 14.
The Dutch shifted their headquarters from Pulicat to …………… in 1690.
(a) Madras
(b) Bangalore
(c) Nagapattinam
(d) Madurai
Answer:
(c) Nagapattinam

Question 15.
The Dutch was completely wiped out by the year ……………..
(a) 1795
(b) 1695
(c) 1780
(d) 1800
Answer:
(a) 1795

II. Fill in the blanks:

  1. The Europeans came to know about the Wealth of India from the accounts of ……………
  2. ……………. was a translator to assist French trade in India.
  3. Tamil Nadu Archives has Dutch records which relate to …………… and coast.
  4. ………….. prepared the first issue of the calendar of Madras records.
  5. The …………… was empowered to issue Government of India notes.
  6. The first paper currency issued by RBI bore the portrait of ……………
  7. Fort ……………. was built by the British in Cuddalore.
  8. ………….. a Portuguese sailor reached the southern most point of Africa in 1487.
  9. Vasco – da Gama sailed from ………….. to India.
  10. In 1548, the Portuguese occupied …………….
  11. The Portuguese were defeated by the English in the battle of …………… in 1759.
  12. In Pulicat, the Dutch built the fort of …………….. in 1613.

Answer:

  1. Marco Polo
  2. Ananda Rangam
  3. Cochin, Coromandal
  4. Dodwell
  5. Reserve Bank of India
  6. King George VI
  7. St. Davids
  8. Bartholomew Diaz
  9. Mozambique
  10. Salsette
  11. Bedera
  12. Geldriaj

III. Match the following:

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Standard Social Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 1 Advent Of The Europeans
Answer:

  1. iv
  2. i
  3. ii
  4. iii

IV. State True or False

Question 1.
The archives at Lisbon, Goa, Pondicherry and Madras were literally store houses of precious historical information.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
All documents in Tamil Nadu Archives are in English.
Answer:
False
Correct statement: The most of the records in Tamil Nadu Archives are in English.

Question 3.
After his third voyage to India, Vasco da Gama, died in Cochin in 1524.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
The English East India company of established its supremacy in the Spice Islands.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
United East India company of established its supremacy in the Spice Islands.

V. Consider the following statements and Tick (V) the appropriate answer.

Question 1.
(i) After 1858, India came under the direct administration of the British crown.
(ii) The settlement of Pondicherry was founded by Martin under a grant from Ibrahim Lodi, the ruler of Bijapur.
(iii) France was the last European country to come to India as trader.
(iv) The three Carnatic wars ruined the English.

(a) i & ii are Correct.
(b) ii & iv are Correct.
(c) i and iii are Correct
(d) i, ii and iv are Correct.
Answer:
(c) i and iii are Correct

Find out the wrong pair

Question 2.

  1. Fort St. David – Cuddalore
  2. Fort Geldria – Pulicat
  3. Fort St. Louis – Goa
  4. Fort St. George – Madras

Answer:
(3) Fort St. Louis – Goa

VI. Answer the following one or two sentences.

Question 1.
Name the powers which recorded their official transactions in India on State papers.
Answer:
The Portuguese, the Dutch, the French, the Danes, and the English recorded their official transactions in India on state papers.

Question 2.
What was the impact of the invention of printing press in India?
Answer:
Numerous books were published in different languages. Hence, people began to acquire knowledge easily in the fields like art, literature, history and science.

Question 3.
Name the languages other than English in which the records and documents are found in Tamil Nadu Archives.
Answer:
The collections include series of administrative records in Dutch, Danish, Persian and Marathi. Few documents are in French, Portuguese, Tamil and Urdu.

Question 4.
Write a short note on Dodwell.

  1. Dodwell prepared with great effort and the first issue of the calendar of Madras records was published in 1917.
  2. He was highly interested in encouraging historical researches. He opened a new chapter in the History of Tamil Nadu Archives.

Question 5.
Name a few historical buildings of India which depict styles and techniques of Indian architecture.
Answer:
Historical buildings like St. Francis Church at Cochin, St. Louis Fort at Pondicherry, St. George Fort in Madras, St. David fort in Cuddalore, India Gate, Parliament House, President House in New Delhi, etc are different styles and techniques of Indian architecture.

Question 6.
What does the term ‘audio – visual’ mean?

  1. Audio – visual means possessing both a sound and a visual component, such as slide – tape presentations.
  2. Audio – visual service providers frequently offer web streaming, video conferencing and live broadcast services. Television, films, internet are called ‘Audio – visual media’.

Question 7.
Name the important commodities traded by the Dutch.
Answer:
The most important Indian commodities traded by the Dutch were silk, cotton, indigo, rice and opium. They monopolized the trade in black pepper and other spices.

Question 8.
Why was the English East India Company engaged in rivalry with the Portuguese and the Dutch?

  1. The English East India Company remained engaged in rivalry with the Portuguese and the Dutch throughout the 17th century.
  2. In 1623, the Dutch cruelly killed ten English traders and nine Javanese in Amboyna. This incident accelerated the rivalry between the two Europeans companies.

Question 9.
Who permitted the French to establish a township near Calcutta?
Answer:
In 1673, the French obtained permission from Shaista Khan, the Mughal Subedar (governor) of Bengal to establish a township at Chandranagore, near Calcutta.

Question 10.
Write a short note on the Swedish East India Company.

  1. The Swedish East India Company was founded in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1731 for the purpose of conducting trade with the Far East.
  2. The venture was inspired by the success of the Dutch East India Company and the British East India Company.

Question 11.
Why was the British Successful when compared to the other powers?
Answer:
The comparative success of the British over the Portuguese, the Dutch, the Danish, and the French was largely due to their commercial competitiveness, spirit of supreme sacrifice, government support, naval superiority, national character and their ascendency in Europe.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 7 Plant Kingdom

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 7 Plant Kingdom

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Plant Kingdom Text Book Exercises

I. Choose the correct answers

Plant Kingdom Class 8 Question 1.
Solanum trilobatum is the binomial name of Thoothuvalai. Here the word ‘Solanum’ refers to …………….
(a) Species
(b) Genus
(c) Class
(d) Orders
Answer:
(b) Genus

8th Science Plant Kingdom Question 2.
…………….. is an example for colonial form of algae.
(a) Oscillatoria
(b) Nostoc
(c) Volvox
(d) Chlorella
Answer:
(c) Volvox

Question 3.
Floridean starch is a reserve food material of …………….
(a) Chloroplyceae
(b) Phaeophyceae
(c) Rhodophyceae
(d) Cyanophyceae
Answer:
(c) Rhodophyceae

Question 4.
The edible mushroom is …………….
(a) Polyporus
(b) Agaricus
(c) Pennicillium
(d) Aspergillus
Answer:
(b) Agaricm

Question 5.
Soil erosion is prevented by …………….. plants.
(a) Algae
(b) Fungi
(c) Bryophytes
(d) Pteridophytes
Answer:
(c) Bryophytes

Question 6.
The first vascular cryptogams in land plants are …………….
(a) Bryophytes
(b) Pteridophytes
(c) Gymnosperm
(d) Angiosperm
Answer:
(b) Pteridophytes

Question 7.
The well – developed sporophytic plant body is seen in ……………..
(a) Bryophytes
(b) Pteridophytes
(c) Gymnosperms
(d) Angiosperms
Answer:
(c) Gymnosperms

Question 8.
Binominal Nomenclature was first introduced in the year of ……………
(a) 1970
(b) 1975
(c) 1978
(d) 1623
Answer:
(d) 1623

Question 9.
Penicillin is an antibiotic, which is extracted from
(a) Algae
(b) Fungi
(c) Bryophytes
(d) Pteridophytes
Answer:
(b) Fungi

II. Fill in the blanks

  1. The word‘Taxonomy’is derived from …………….
  2. Binomial Nomenclature was first introduced by …………….
  3. The book “Genera Plantarum” was written by ……………..
  4. Monocotyledon seeds bear only …………….. cotyledon.
  5. Brown algae belongs to ……………. class.
  6. Agar Agar is obtained from ……………. algae.
  7. The reserve food material of fungi are and …………….
  8. The first true land plant is …………….
  9. Xylem and phloem are absent in ……………. plants.
  10. Reticulate venation is present in ……………. plants.

Answer:

  1. Greek
  2. Gaspard Bauhin
  3. Bentham and Hooker
  4. One
  5. Phaeophyceae
  6. Red
  7. Glycogen, oil
  8. Pteridophyte
  9. Bryophyte
  10. Dicot

III. True or False

Question 1.
In polypetalae, the petals are free.
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
Binomial name should contains more than two words.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Binomial name should contain two words.

Question 3.
Artificial system of classification is based on the vegetative characters of the plant.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Artificial system of classification is based on the morphological characters of the plant.

Question 4.
Cell wall of fungi is made up of chitin.
Answer:
True.

Question 5.
Pinus is a closed seeded plant.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Pinus is a naked seeded plant.

Question 6.
All bryophytes are hydrophytes.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
All bryophytes are amphibians.

Question 7.
Dicotyledons have well developed characters than the monocotyledons.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
Monocotyledons have well developed characters than the dicotyledons.

Question 8.
Mosses are the well developed plant in bryophytes.
Answer:
True.

Question 9.
The dominant phase of the bryophytes is sporophytes.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
The dominant phase of the bryophytes is gametophyte.

Question 10.
The dominant phase of the pteridophytes is diploid(2n).
Answer:
True.

Question 11.
Seeds of angiosperm are produced inside the ovary.
Answer:
True.

Question 12.
In gymnosperms ovules are developed from the flowers.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement:
In gymnosperms, ovules are developed from the seeds.

IV. Match the following

Question 1.
Which of the following pairs are in correct?

(a) Laminaria Iodins
(b) Nostoc N2 fixation
(c) Polysiphonia Green algae
(d) Rhodophyceae Fucoxanthin

(a) a, b, c
(b) c, d
(c) a, c, d
(d) a ,b ,c, d

Answer:
(b) c, d

Question 2.
Find out the correct pairs:

(a) Phyllanthus amarus Euphorbiaceae
(b) Solanum trilobatum Solanaceae
(c) Acalypha indica . Malvaceae
(d) Aegle marmelos Rutaceae

(a) a, b,
(b) c, d
(c) a,b, c,
(d) a,b, d
Answer:
(b) a,b, d

Question 3.
Which of the following characters are not suitable to angiosperm?
(a) Reticulate / parallel venation, closed seeded plants, sieve tubes are present in phloem.
(b) Seeds are open, ovary is not present, gametes are produced in cones.
(c) Tracheids are the conducting cells, companion cells not are present in phloem.
(d) Trimerous or tetramerous, closed seed, seed with seed coat, bears fruit.

(a) a, b
(b) b, c
(c) e, d
(d) a, d
Answer:
(b) b, c

Question 4.
Which of the following sequences are correct
(a) In Bryophytes – Gametophytes – Sex organ – Gamete fusion – Zygote – Spore mother cell – spore – Thallus.
(b) In Angiosperm – pollination – fertilization – zygote – new plant.
(c) In Gymnosperm – male cone, and female cone – microspore and megaspore – Zygote – new sporophytes plant.
(d) In pteridophytes – pollination by wind, fertilization in the presence of water – zygote prothallus, new plant.
(1) a, b, c
(2) a, b
(3) c, d
(4) b, d
Answer:
(2) a, b

Question 5.
Match column I with coloumn II

Column I Column II
A Penicillium chrysogenum 1. Blast disease of paddy.
B Gingko biloba 2. Ornamental plants
C Araucaria bidwilli 3. Athlete foot.
D Tineapedis 4. Penicillin
E Pyricularia oryzae 5. Living fossil

(a) A – 4, B – 5, C – 2, D – 3, E – 1
(b) A – 4, B – 5, G – 1, D – 2, E – 1
(c) A – 3, B – 2, C – 4, D – 5, E – 1
(d) A – 4, B – 2, C – 1, D – 5, E – 3
Answer:
(a) A – 4, B – 5, C – 2, D – 3, E – 1

V. Answer the following questions shortly

Question 1.
Define Thallus.
Answer:
Thallus refers to a plant body which is not differentiated into roots, stem and leaves. Example: Algae.

Question 2.
What is mean by Binomial Nomenclature? Give example.
Answer:
The naming of an organisms with two words are known as Binomial Nomenclature. For example, the binomial name of mango is Mangifera indica. Here the first word Mangifera refers to the genus name and the second word indica to the species name.

Question 3.
Write any two points of dicotyledons.
Answer:

  1. Seed has two cotyledons.
  2. Plants have tap root system, leaves with reticulate venation.
  3. Flowers are tetramerous or pentamerous. Calyx and corolla are well differentiated.
  4. Pollination occurs mostly by insects.

Question 4.
Seeds of gymnosperm plants are naked. Why?
Answer:
In gymnosperms, ovules are borne on megasporophylls and no flowers are produced. Therefore the seeds are described as naked. They are open seed bearing plants.

Question 5.
Write any two economic importance of fungi.
Answer:

  1. Mushrooms contain rich protein, minerals and are edible. Example: Agaricus.
  2. The antibiotic penicillin is got from the fungus penicillium notatum other antibiotics like gentamycin, erythromycin are also got from fungi.

VI. Answers the following questions in brief

Question 1.
Write short notes about natural system of classification.
Answer:

  1. In this system, plants are classified on the basis of several characters. Bentham and Hooker’s classification is an example of Natural System of Classification.
  2. This system of classification is based on morphological.
  3. This classification is widely used in many Herbaria and botanical gardens all over the world.
  4. Bentham and Hooker published their Natural system of Classification in their book named Genera Plantarum in 3 volumes.

Question 2.
Write any three economic importance of algae.
Answer:
1. Agriculture : Some of the blue green algae are essential for the fixing of atmospheric nitrogen into the soil, which increases the fertility of the soil, example Nostoc, Anabaena.

2. Agar Agar : Agar Agar is extracted from some red algae, namely Gelidium, Gracillaria, etc., which is used to prepare growth medium in laboratories.

3. Iodine : Iodine is obtained from brown algae like Laminaria (kelp).

Question 3.
Write the differences between algae and fungi.
Answer:
Algae:

  • Algae are autotrophs.
  • It has pigments.
  • Reserve food material is starch.
  • Some algae are prokaryotic in nature, example: Cyanobacteria (Nostac, Anabenae)

Fungi:

  • Fungi are heterotrophs.
  • It has no pigments
  • Reserve food materials are glycogen and oil.
  • All are eukaryotic nature, example: Agaricus

Question 4.
How many classes are there in Bryophytes? What are they?
Answer:
Bryophytes are classified into 3 classes.

  • Class I: Hepaticae (Liverworts) Example: Riccia.
  • Class II: Anthocerotae (Homworts) Example : Anthoceros
  • Class III : Musci (Mosses) Example: Funaria

Question 5.
Write any four characters of pteridophytes.
Answer:

  1. The main plant body is sporophytes, which is the dominant phase, differentiated into true root, stem and leaves.
  2. Sporophytes reproduce by means of spores. Spores are produced in sporangium.
  3. The sporangia bearing leaves are called sporophyll.
  4. Most of the plants produce only one type of spore, it may be either microspore or megaspore (homosporous).

VII. Answers the following questions in detail

Question 1.
Draw the outline of Bentham and Hookers system classification.
Answer:
Outline of Bentham and Hooker’s system of classification:
Seeded plants (Division):

(i) Dicotyledonae (Class I)

1. Polypetalae (Sub class I)

  • Thalamiflorae
  • Disciflorae
  • Caliciflorae

2. Synpetalae (Sub class II)

  • Inferae
  • Heteromerae
  • Bicarpellatae

3. Monochlamydeae (Sub class III)

  • Series 8 Family 36)

(ii) Gymnospermae (Class II) (3 families)

(iii) Monocotyledonae (Class III) (Series 8 Family 36)

Question 2.
Write any five differences between monocot and dicot plants.
Answer:
Monocots:

  • Seeds have a single cotyledon.
  • Leaves show parallel venation
  • They have fibrous root system.
  • Flowers are trimerous. Example : Paddy

Dicots:

  • Seeds have two cotyledons.
  • Leaves show reticulate venation.
  • They have tap root system.
  • Flowers are tetra or pentamerous. Example : Mango

Question 3.
Write differences between Gymnosperm and Angiosperm.
Answer:

Gymnosperm:

  • They reproduce by production of cones.
  • Pollination is by wind.
  • They are naked seed bearing plants.
  • The xylem lacks vessels and phloem lacks sieve tubes.
  • They have two phases in its life cycle. (Sporophyte & Gametophyte).

Angiosperm:

  • They produce flowers.
  • Pollination takes place by wind, water, insects etc.
  • They are closed seed bearing plants.
  • Xylem and phloem and well developed.
  • The sporophyte is the dominant phase. Gametophytic phase is much reduced in angiosperms.

Question 4.
Write the economic importance of Gymnosperms.
Answer:

  1. Woods of many conifers are used in the paper industries, example Pinus, Agathis.
  2. Conifers are the sources of soft wood for construction, packing and plywood industry example Cedrus, Agathis.
  3. Turpentine is an essential oil used for paint preparation extracted from the resin of Pinus. It is also used medicinally for relief from pain and bronchitis etc.
  4. Seeds of Pinus gerardiana are edible.
  5. Ephedrine is an alkaloid extracted from Ephedra. It cures asthma and respiratory problems.
  6. Araucaria bidwillii is an ornamental plant.

Question 5.
Write the names of medicinal plants and explain their uses.
Answer:
Medicinal plants and their uses:
1. Acalypha indica (Kuppaimeni):

  • The paste obtained from the leaves of this plant is used to cure the bums on the skin.
  • The juice of this plant leaves is mixed with lemon juice to cure ringworm.

2. Aegle marmelos (Vilvam):

  • The unripe fruit of this tree is used to treat indigestion.
  • It is used to cure chronic, diarrhoea and dysentery.

3. Solanum trilobatum:

  • The leaves and fruits of this plant cure cough and cold.
  • It is widely used in the treatment of tuberculosis and bronchial asthma.

4. Phyllanthus amarus (Keezhanelli):

  • The entire plant is used for the treatment of jaundice.
  • It gives additional strength to human liver and used to treat other liver disorders.

5. Aloe vera (Sothu katrazhai):

  • Leaves of this plant is used to cure piles and inflammations on the skin.
  • It cures peptic ulcer.

VIII. Assertion and Reason

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : Penicillin is an antibiotic extracted from Penicillium notation.
Reason (R) : It can kill (or) inhibits the growth of the other micro organism.
(a) Both A and R True, R explains A
(b) A only correct, R doesn’t explain A
(c) A True, R explains A
(d) Both A and R False.
Answer:
(a) Both A and R True, R explains A

Question 2.
Assertion (A): Artificial system of classification is otherwise called sexual system of classification.
Reason (R) : Artificial system of classification is based on the nature of the vegetative characters.
(a) Both A and R correct
(b) Both A and R incorrect
(c) A is correct R is incorrect
(d) A is incorrect and R is correct
Answer:
(c) A is correct R is incorrect

Question 3.
Assertion (A): Bryophytes are called Amphibians of the plant kingdom.
Reason (R) : Bryophytes are land plants but they need water for the completion of their life cycle.
(a) A correct R correct
(b) A incorrect R correct
(c) A and R correct R explain A
(d) A and R incorrect
Answer:
(c) A and R correct R explains A

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Plant Kingdom Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
……………. is a blue green algae.
(a) Chlorella
(b) Oscillatoria
(c) Chara
(d) Laminaria
Answer:
(d) Laminaria

Question 2.
Polvsiohonia is a …………… alga.
(a) Red
(b) Brown
(c) Green
(d) Blue green
Answer:
(a) Red

Question 3.
…………… is used in space travel.
(a) Chlorella
(b) Chlamydomonas
(c) Volvox
(d) Laminaria
Answer:
(a) Chlorella

Question 4.
……………. is an edible algae.
(a) Spirulina
(b) Gelidium
(c) Nostoc
(d) Volvox
Answer:
(a) Spirulina

Question 5.
Tikka disease is seen in ……………..
(a) paddy
(b) Ground nut
(c) Mango
(d) Maize
Answer:
(b) ground nut

Question 6.
Classification of algae was given by …………….
(a) Martin
(b) Alexopoules
(c) Fritsch
(d) Bentham & Hooker
Answer:
(c) Fritsch

Question 7.
…………… is a hallucinogenic fungus.
(a) Colletotrichum
(b) Claviceps
(c) Cercospora
(d) Albugo
Answer:
(b) Claviceps

Question 8.
…………… is not a fungal disease.
(a) Athlet’s foot
(b) Foot and mouth
(c) Dandruff
(d) Ringworm
Answer:
(b) Foot and mouth

Question 9.
Horse tail refers to …………….
(a) Equisetum
(b) Dryopteris
(c) Lycopodium
(d) Nephrolepis
Answer:
(a) Equisetum

Question 10.
Coralloid roots are seen in …………….
(a) Pimis
(b) Cycas
(c) Gingko
(d) Gnetum
Answer:
(b) Cycas

II. Fill in the blanks

  1. Minute algae floating on the surface of water are called …………..
  2. ……………… is an example of symbiosis between algae & fungi.
  3. The book writtin by Linnaeus is titled …………….
  4. Largest Herbarium of India is in ………………
  5. The root like structure in bryophytes is called ………………
  6. …………….. are the simplest group of land plants.
  7. ……………… is a bryophyte which is commonly used in nurseries.
  8. In bryophytes spore is the first cell of the ……………… generation.
  9. Club moss refers to ……………….
  10. An alkaloid got from gymnosperm is ………………
  11. ……………… is a essential oil got from pinus.
  12. The plant ……………… is used for treatment of jaundice.
  13. Special roots present in parasites are called ……………….
  14. The male and female sex organs in bryophytes are called as ……………… and ……………… respectively.
  15. ……………… got from algae is used to prepare growth medium in laboratories.

Answer:

  1. Phytoplanktons
  2. Lichens
  3. Species Plantarum
  4. Kolkata
  5. Rhizoid
  6. Bryophytes
  7. Sphagnum
  8. Gametophytic
  9. Lycopodium
  10. Ephedrine
  11. Turpentine
  12. Phyllanthus amarus
  13. Haustoria
  14. Antheridium, archegonium
  15. Agar Agar

III. True or False – if false give the correct statement

Question 1.
Monocotyledonae leaves have reticulate venation.
False.
Correct statement:
Dicotyledonae leaves have reticulate venation. Monocotyledonae leaves have parallel venation.

Question 2.
Carolus linnaeus published their Natural System of Classification.
False.
Correct statement:
Bentham and Hooker published their Natural System of Classification.

Question 3.
Biomial name was first introduced by Gaspard Bauhin.
True.

Question 4.
Agar Agar is extracted from red algae.
True.

Question 5.
Blue green algae increases the fertility of the soil.
True.

Question 6.
Cell wall of algae is made up of a chemical substance called chitin.
False.
Correct statement:
Cell wall of fungi is made up of a chemical substance called chitin.

Question 7.
Saprophytes grow up on the dead and decay matters.
True.

Question 8.
Erymothercium ashbyii are used to produce vitamin Br
True.

Question 9.
Button mushroom cause allergy to children.
False.
Correct statement:
Aspergillus species cause allergy to children.

Question 10.
Reserve food materials of fungi is starch.
False.
Correct statement:
Reserve food materials of fungi is glycogen and oil.

IV. Match the following

Question 1.

i Solanum trilobatum (a) Fungi
ii Vitamin B2 (b) Rhizopus
iii Saprophyte (c) Laminaria
iv Fodder (d) TB

Answer:

i. d
ii. a
iii. b
iv. c

Question 2.

i Pyricularia (a) Mosses
ii Cercospora (b) Blast disease
iii Protonema (c) Tikka disease
iv Dryopteris (d) Fem

Answer:

i. b
ii. c
iii. a
iv. d

Question 3.

i Araucaria (a) Bryophyte
ii Riccia (b) Fungi
iii Marsilea (c) Gymnosperm
iv Ashbya (d) Pteridophyte

Answer:

i. c
ii. a
iii. d
iv. b

V. Assertion and Reason

Direction:
In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given and a corresponding statement of Reason is given just below it. Of the four statements, given below, mark one as the correct answer.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Question 1.
Assertion : Fungi are considered as thallophytes.
Reason : The plant body is made up of hyphae.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion

Question 2.
Assertion : The sporophyte of bryophytes is borne on the gametophyte.
Reason : The sporophyte is the dominant phase.
Answer:
(c) Assertion is true but Reason is false

Question 3.
Assertion : In pteridophytes, gametophyte is the dominant phase.
Reason : They reproduce by spore production.
Answer:
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false

Question 4.
Assertion : Gymnosperms are more developed than monocots.
They produce closed seeds.
Answer:
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false

VI. Very short Answers

Question 1.
Name the types of classification.
Answer:
There are four types of classification.

  1. Artificial system of classification
  2. Natural system of classification
  3. Phylogenetic system of classification
  4. Modem system of classification.

Question 2.
What are phytoplankton?
Answer:
Some algae are very minute and float on the surface of the water. These algae are called Phytoplankton.

Question 3.
Mention two forms of algae with examples.
Answer:

  1. Colonial form – Example: Volvolx.
  2. Unicellular form (motile) – Example: Chlamydomonas

Question 4.
Mention two fungal diseases in human beings.
Answer:
Dandruff and ring worm.

Question 5.
Why are byrophytes called as amphibians of the plant kingdom?
Answer:
Water is essential for bryophytes to complete their life cycle. So they are called as amphibians of the plant kingdom.

Question 6.
Write two uses of bryophytes.
Answer:

  1. Bryophytes prevent soil erosion.
  2. Sphagnum can absorb large amount of water. Hence it is used by gardeners in nurseries.

Question 7.
How are gymnosperms classified?
Answer:

  1. Cycadaceae
  2. Coniferae
  3. Gnetaceae

VI. Short Answer

Question 1.
Mention two differences between bryophytes and pteridophytes.
Answer:

S. No Bryophytes Pteridophytes
1. Plant body cannot be differentiated into root, stem and leaf. Plant body can be differentiated into root, stem and leaf.
2. Vascular tissues are absent. Vascular tissues are present.

Question 2.
Mention any four fungal diseases in plants
Answer:

  1. Wilt disease of cotton
  2. Tikka disease of ground nut
  3. White rust of radish
  4. Red rot of sugarcane.

Question 3.
Mention two salient features of algae.
Answer:

  1. Algae are chlorophyll bearing simple, primitive plants and are autotrophs.
  2. Algae belongs to thallophyta, and the plant body of algae are called thallus. i.e. the plant body is not differentiated into root, stem and leaf.

Question 4.
What is artificial system of classification.
Answer:
This is the earliest system of classification in plants. Plants are classified on the basis of one or few morphological characters. The most famous artificial system of classification is Linnaeus classification which was proposed by Carolus Linnaeus.

Question 5.
What is taxonomy?
Answer:
Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with the study of identification, classification, description and nomenclature of living organisms.

VIII. Long Answer

Question 1.
Write the classification of algae with type of reserve food, pigments and examples for each type.
Answer:

SI. No Class Types of Pigments Reserve food material Example
1. Blue green algae (Cyanophyceae) Phycocyanin Cyanophycean Starch Oscillatoria
2. Green algae (Chlorophyceae) Chlorophyll Starch Chylamydomonas
3. Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) Fucoxanthin Laminarian starch and Manitol Laminaria
4. Red algae (Rhodophyceae) Phycoerythirin Floridian Starch Polysiphonia

Question 2.
Answer:
1. Antibiotic :
Penicillin (Penicillium notatum), Neomycin, Gentamycin, Erythromycin are some antibiotics obtained from fungi, which cure variable diseases.
Plant Kingdom Class 8 Samacheer Kalvi Term 1 Chapter 7

2. Food:
Mushroom contains rich protein and minerals. The most common edible mushroom is Agaricus. (Button mushroom).
8th Science Plant Kingdom Term 1 Chapter 7 Samacheer Kalvi

3. Vitamins :
Fungus like Ashbya gospii and Erymothecium ashbyii are used to produce vitamin B? (riboflavin).
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 7 Plant Kingdom 3

4. Alcohol:
Fungus like yeast contain enzymes invertase and zymase, which ferment the sugar molasses into alcohol.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Term 2 Chapter 1 Heat

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solutions Term 2 Chapter 1 Heat

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Heat Text Book Exercises

I. Choose the best answer

Heat Lesson For Class 8 Question 1.
Heat is a form of ………….
(a) electrical energy
(b) gravitational energy
(c) thermal energy
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) thermal energy

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Term 2 Question 2.
If you apply some heat energy to a substance, which of the following can take place in it?
(a) Expansion
(b) Increase in temperature
(c) Change of state
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

8th Standard Science Heat Question 3.
Which of the following substances will absorb more heat energy?
(a) Solid
(b) Liquid
(c) Gas
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Science Term 2 Question 4.
If you apply equal amount of heat to a solid, liquid and gas individually, which of the following will have more expansion?
(a) Solid
(b) Liquid
(c) Gas
(d) All of them
Answer:
(c) Gas

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Science Question 5.
The process of converting a liquid into a solid is called ……………
(a) sublimation
(b) condensation
(c) freezing
(d) deposition
Answer:
(c) freezing

8th Science Heat Lesson Question 6.
Conduction is the heat transfer which takes place in a …………….
(a) solid
(b) liquid
(c) gas
(d) All of them

II. Fill in the blanks

  1. A calorimeter is a device used to measure the …………….
  2. …………… is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.
  3. A thermostat is a device which maintains ……………
  4. The process of converting a substance from gas to solid is called ……………
  5. If you apply heat energy, the temperature of a system will …………….
  6. If the temperature of a liquid in a container is decreased, then the inter atomic distance will ……………

Answer:

  1. heat capacity of water
  2. Specific heat capacity
  3. temperature of an object constant
  4. deposition
  5. increase
  6. decrease

III. State True or False. If false, correct the statement

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Guide Term 2 Question 1.
The applied heat energy can be realized as an increase in the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Answer:
True

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Question 2.
The dimensions of a substance are increased if the temperature of the substance is decreased.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
The dimensions of a substance are increased if the temperature of the substance is increased.

Thermal Expansion Is Always A Nuisance Question 3.
The process of converting a substance from solid to gas is called condensation.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
The process of converting a substance from solid to gas is called sublimation.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solution Question 4.
Convection is the process by which the thermal energy flows in solids.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
Convection is the process by which the thermal energy flows in liquids and gases.

8th Science Samacheer Kalvi Question 5.
The amount of heat gained by a substance is equal to the product of its mass and latent heat.
Answer:
True

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Guide Question 6.
In a thermos flask, the silvered walls reflect and radiate the heat to the outside.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
In a thermos flask, the silvered walls reflect radiated heat back to the liquid in the bottle.

III. Match the following

8th Science Term 2 Question 1.

1. Conduction (a) Liquid
2.Convection (b) Gas to liquid
3. Radiation (c) Solid to gas
4. Sublimation (d) Gas
5. Condensation (e) Solid

Answer:

  1. e
  2. a
  3. d
  4. c
  5. b

V. Read the directions given below and answer the questions.

(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) If the assertion is true, but the reason is false.
(d) If the assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Heat Class 8 Question 1.
Assertion : Radiation is a form of heat transfer which takes place even in vacuum.
Reason : The thermal energy is transferred from one part of a substance to another part without the actual movement of the atoms or molecules.
Answer:
(b) Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Book Solutions Question 2.
Assertion : A system can be converted from one state to another state.
Reason : It takes place when the temperature of the system is constant.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

VI. Answer briefly

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Book Back Answers Question 1.
What are the applications of conduction in our daily life?
Answer:

  1. We cook food in vessels made up of metals. When the vessel is heated, heat is transferred from the metal to the food.
  2. When we iron dresses heat is transferred from the iron to the cloth.
  3. Handles of cooking utensils are made up of plastic or wood because they are poor conductors of heat.
  4. The temperature inside igloo (snow house) is warm because snow is a poor conductor of heat.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8 Science Question 2.
What are the effects of heat?
Answer:

  1. Expansion
  2. Increase in temperature
  3. Change in state

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Answers Question 3.
Name three types of heat transfer.
Answer:
Three types of heat transfer are:
Answer:

  1. Conduction
  2. Convection
  3. Radiation

8th Standard Science Term 2 Question 4.
What is conduction?
Answer:
The process of heat transfer in solids from the region of higher temperature to the region of lower temperature without the actual movement of atoms or molecules is called as conduction.

Kalvi Guru 8th Science Question 5.
Write a note on convection.
Answer:
The form of heat transfer from places of high temperature to places of low temperature by the actual movement of molecules is called convection. Convection takes place in liquids and gases.

Heat Samacheer Kalvi Question 6.
Define specific heat capacity.
Answer:
Specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1°C or 1 K. It is denoted by the symbol C.

Question 7.
Define one calorie.
Answer:
One calorie is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1°C.

VII. Answer in detail

Question 1.
With the help of a neat diagram explain the working of a calorimeter.
Answer:
1. A calorimeter is a device used to measure the amount of heat gained or lost by a substance.

2. It consists of a vessel made up of metals like copper or aluminium which are good conductors of heat and electricity.

3. The metallic vessel is kept in an insulating jacket to prevent heat loss to the environment.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Term 2 Chapter 1 Heat

4. There are two holes in it. Through one hole a thermometer is inserted to measure the temperature Of the Contents.

5. A stirrer is inserted through another hole for stirring the content in the vessel.

6. The vessel is filled with liquid which is heated by passing current through the hating element.

7. Using this device we can measure the heat capacity of the liquid in the container.

Question 2.
Write a note on thermostat.
Answer:

1. A thermostat is a device which maintains the temperature of a place or an object constant.

2. The word thermostat is derived from two Greek words, ‘thermo’ meaning heat and ‘static’ meaning staying the same.

3. Thermostats are used in any device or system that gets heated or cools down – to a pre – set temperature. It turns an appliance or a circuit on or off when a particular temperature is reached.

4. Devices which use thermostat include building heater, central heater in a room, air conditioner, water heater, as well as kitchen equipment including oven and refrigerators.

5. Sometimes, a thermostat functions both as the sensor and the controller of a thermal 6 system.

Question 3.
Explain the working of thermos flask.
Answer:
Science Term 2 Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Chapter 1 Heat

  1. A thermos flask has double walls, which are evacuated.
  2. It is silvered on the inside.
  3. The vacuum between the two walls prevents heat being transferred from the inside to the outside by conduction and convection.
  4. With very little air between the walls, there is almost no transfer of heat from the inner wall to the outer wall or vice versa.
  5. Conduction can only occur at the points where the two walls meet, at the top of the bottle and through an insulated support at the bottom.
  6. The silvered walls reflect radiated heat back to the liquid in the bottle.

VIII. Higher Order Thinking Questions

Question 1.
Why does the bottom of a lake not freeze in severe winter even when the surface is all frozen?
Answer:
Lakes don’t completely freeze because the ice (and eventually snow) on the surface acts to insulate die water below. To freeze water into ice, a large quantity of heat is to be withdrawn. This heat cannot be

Question 2.
Which one of the following statements about thermal conductivity is correct? Give reason.
(a) Steel > Wood > Water
(b) Steel > Water > Wood
(c) Water > Steel > Wood
(d) Water > Wood > Steel
Answer:
(b) Steel > Water > Wood
Reason:
Thermal conductivity is defined as the heat flow per unit time.
Steel has a higher thermal conductivity than water and wood.
[Thermal conductivity of steel = 50.2 w/mk
Thermal conductivity of water = 0.6 w/mk Thermal conductivity of wood = 0.12 w/mk]

IX. Problems

Question 1.
An iron ball requires 1000 J of heat to raise its temperature by 20°C. Calculate theheat capacity of the ball.
Solution:
Heat capacity C’ = \(\frac{Q}{∆T}\)
Here, A = 1000 J
T = 20°C – 0°C = 20°C = 20 k
C = \(\frac{1000}{20}\) = 50 JK-1
The heat capacity of the ball = 50 JK-1

Question 2.
The heat capacity of the vessel of mass 100 kg is 8000 J/°C. Find its specific heat capacity.
Solution:
Specific heat capacity, C = \(\frac{Q}{mx∆T}\)
Here, m = 100 kg
Heat capacity = \(\frac{Q}{∆T}\) = 8000 J/°C = 8000 J/K
C = \(\frac{Q}{mx∆T}\) = 100 x 8000 J = 8,00,000 JKg-1 K-1

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Heat Intext Activities

Activity – 2

Question 1.
Take a cup of water and note its temperature. Heat the water for few minutes and note the temperature again. What caused the temperature change?

Question (i)
Do you find any increase in the temperature?
Answer:
When the water is heated, water molecules receives heat energy, increases the kinetic energy of the molecules.

Question (ii)
What caused the temperature change?
Answer:

  1. When the molecules receive more energy, the temperature of the water increases.
  2. Heat energy causes increase in temperature.

Activity – 3

Question 1.
Take few ice cubes in a container and heat them for some time. What happens? The ice cubes melt and become water. Now heat the water for some time. What do you observe? The volume of water in the vessel decreases. What do you understand from this Activity?
Answer:

  1. In ice cubes, the force of attraction between the water molecules is more. So they are close together.
  2. When we heat them the force of attraction decreases and the ice cubes become water.
  3. when we heat the water, the force of attraction between the molecules decreases further.
  4. Hence they move away from one another and become vapor.
  5. Since water vapor escape to the surrounding,water level decreases.
  6. From this Activity we understand that heat energy causes change in the state of the substances.

Activity – 4

Question 1.
Take hot water in a cup and put a silver spoon in it. Leave the spoon inside the water for some time. Now touch the end of the spoon. Do you feel the heat?
Answer:

  1. Yes, we feel hot.
  2. It is because heat in the hot water is transferred from one end to other end of the spoon.
  3. In solid substances such as silver spoon, atoms are arranged very closely.
  4. So heat transfer takes place from the higher temperature region to lower temperature region.
  5. This is due to conduction.

Activity – 5

Question 1.
Take some water in a vessel and heat it on a stove. Touch the surface of the water. It will be cold. Touch it after some time. It will be hot now. How did the heat which was supplied at the bottom reach the top?
Answer:

  1. When water in the vessel is heated, water molecules at the bottom receive heat energy and move upward.
  2. Then the molecules at the top comes down and get heated.
  3. This kind of heat transfer is known as convection.

Activity – 6

Question 1.
Take some amount of water and cooking oil in two separate vessels. Heat them till they reach a particular temperature (Caution: Heat the oil under the supervision of your teacher). Which one is heated first? Water will take more time to get heated. Why?
Answer:

  1. Heat transfer depends on the nature of the substance.
  2. Water has high specific heat capacity than that of cooking oil.
  3. A substance with high specific heat capacity absorbs a large quantity of heat.
  4. Thus, it takes long time to heat up.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Heat Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
1 calorie equals ……………….
(a) 0.42 J
(b) 4.2 J
(c) 420 J
(d) 4200 J
Answer:
(b) 4.2 J

Question 2.
The SI unit of heat energy is ………………
(a) joule
(b) calorie
(c) kilo calorie
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) joule

Question 3.
Which of the following is not a scale of temperature?
(a) Kelvin scale
(b) Celsius scale
(c) Richter scale
(d) Fahrenheit scale
Answer:
(c) Richter scale

Question 4.
Convection of heat takes place in ……………
(a) liquids only
(b) gases only
(c) metals only
(d) liquids and gases
Answer:
(d) liquids and gases

Question 5.
In solid substances, heat is transferred by –
(a) conduction
(b) radiation
(c) convection
(d) only a and b
Answer:
(b) radiation

Question 6.
In conduction, heat flows from ………………
(a) hotter to hotter region
(b) colder to hotter region
(c) hotter to colder region
(d) colder to colder region
Answer:
(c) hotter to colder region

Question 7.
Mud houses are cooler in summer and warmer in winter because –
(a) mud is a bad conductor of heat
(b) mud is a good conductor of heat
(c) mud is a super conductor of heat
(d) none
Answer:
(c) mud is a super conductor of heat

Question 8.
Process of change of state from gaseous state to liquid state is called …………….
(a) freezing
(b) condensation
(c) sublimation
(d) boiling
Answer:
(b) condensation

Question 9.
Substances which allow heat to pass through them are called …………….
(a) conductors
(b) insulators
(c) moderators
(d) none
Answer:
(a) conductors

Question 10.
When two objects are in thermal contact, the heat is transferred by ………………
(a) convection
(b) radiation
(c) conduction
(d) none
Answer:
(c) conduction

II. Fill in the Blanks

  1. In vacuum, heat energy can travel by the process of ……………….
  2. In ice cubes the force of attraction between the water molecules is ……………….
  3. When we heat water, the force of attraction decreases and the ice cubes becomes ……………….
  4. ………………. is the only matter on the Earth that can be found naturally in all three states.
  5. Radiation is defined as the heat transfer from one place to another in the form of ………………..
  6. Heat capacity C’= ……………….
  7. 1 Calorie = …………….. J.
  8. Specific heat capacity C = ………………..
  9. The device which is used to measure the heat capacity of the liquid is …………………
  10. ……………….. is a device which maintains the temperature of a place or an object constant.
  11. The vacuum flask was invented by …………………
  12. Vacuum flask is also called as …………………
  13. The water in the black can becomes ……………….. than that in white can after exposing to the sun.
  14. The handles of cooking utensils are made of …………………
  15. Black color is a ……………….. absorber of heat.

Answer:

  1. radiation
  2. morel
  3. water
  4. Water
  5. electro magnetic waves
  6. \(\frac{Q}{∆T}\)
  7. 4.186 J
  8. \(\frac{Q}{mx∆T}\)
  9. Calorimeter
  10. Thermostat
  11. Sir James Dewar
  12. Dewar flask
  13. hotter
  14. insulators
  15. good

III. True or False – if false give the correct statement

Question 1.
Heat is the transfer of energy between two objects with different temperature.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
When ice changes into a liquid, it absorbs energy.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Heat energy flows from a body at low temperature to a body at higher temperature.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
Heat energy flows from a body at high temperature to a body at lower temperature.

Question 4.
J/Kg °C is the unit of specific heat capacity.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Conductors have generally high specific heat capacities and insulators have low specific heat capacities.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
Conductors have generally low specific heat capacities and insulators have high specific heat capacities.

Question 6.
Temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy of molecules.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
When a liquid evaporates, it gives off energy.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
When a liquid evaporates, it absorbs energy.

Question 8.
When a liquid boils, energy is absorbed.
Answer:
True

Question 9.
Water has the lowest specific heat capacity.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
Water has the very high specific heat capacity.

Question 10.
While a substance is undergoing a change of state, the temperature of the body remains the same.
Answer:
True

Question 11.
In summer, we prefer light – colored clothes and in winter we usually wear dark – colored clothes.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
The transfer of heat by radiation does not require any medium.
Answer:
True

Question 13.
Metals like copper, aluminium are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Answer:
True

Question 14.
In thermos flask, the vacuum between the two walls prevents heat from the inside to the outside by radiation.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
In thermos flask, the vacuum between the two walls prevents heat from the inside to the outside by conduction and convection.

Question 15.
Thermostat is a device can measure the heat capacity of the liquid in the container.
Answer:
False
Correct statement:
Calorimeter is a device can measure the heat capacity of the liquid in the container.

IV. Match the following

Question 1.

1. Heat (a) Good absorber
2. Temperature (b) Form of energy
3. Black surface (c) Insulators
4. Rubber, cork (d) Measure of hotness or coldness

Answer:

  1. b
  2. d
  3. a
  4. c

Question 2.

1. Specific heat capacity (a) Dewar bottle
2. Calorimeter (b) Lavoisier and simon
3. Vacuum flask (c) J Kg-1 K-1
4. Ice – calorimeter (d) Heat capacity

Answer:

  1. c
  2. d
  3. a
  4. b

Question 3.

1. Conduction (a) liquids and gases
2. Convection (b) Poor conductor
3. Radiation (c) Solids
4. Snow (d) Vacuum

Answer:

  1. c
  2. a
  3. d
  4. b

Question 4.

1. Solid to liquid (a) Condensation
2. Liquid to gas (b) Deposition
3. Gas to solid (c) Melting
4. Gas to liquid (d) Vaporization

Answer:

  1. c
  2. d
  3. b
  4. a

V. Assertion and Reason.

Question 1.
Mark the correct choice as:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) If the assertion is true, but the reason is false.
(d) If the assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Question 1.
Assertion : When a very hot liquid is poured into a thick glass tumbler it cracks.
Reason : Unequal expansion of the inner and outer glass walls causes the glass to crack.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Question 2.
Assertion : Radiation is a process of transfer of heat in which a material medium is not necessary.
Reason : The heat from the sun reaches us through millions of miles of empty space by convection.
Answer:
(c) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.

Question 3.
Assertion : Temperature is the measure of the heat energy.
Reason : Energy is the capacity to do work.
Answer:
Assertion is false, but the reason is true

Question 4.
Assertion : Small gaps left between railway lines.
Reason : It allows for contraction of rails during summer.
Answer:
(c) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.

VI. Answer briefly

Question 1.
Write the relation between joule and calorie.
Answer:
1 Calorie = 4.186 J.
1 K cal = 4186 J = 4.186 KJ.

Question 2.
Mention the factors affecting the flow of heat.
Answer:

  1. Mass and materials of the bodies in contact.
  2. Difference in their temperatures.

Question 3.
What is the principle of calorimetry?
Answer:
Heat lost by the hot body is equal to the heat gained by the cold body.

Question 4.
What are the various modes of transfer of heat?
Answer:

  1. Conduction
  2. Convection
  3. Radiation

Question 5.
Which color absorb heat radiation and which color reflects heat radiation?
Answer:
Black surfaces absorb heat radiation. White color reflects heat radiation.

Question 6.
What is the SI unit of heat capacity?
Answer:
The SI unit of heat capacity is JK-1

Question 7.
Mention the SI unit of specific heat capacity?
Answer:
The SI unit of specific heat capacity is J Kg-1 K-1.

Question 8.
What is the function of a thermostat in a device?
Answer:
Thermostat functions both as the sensor and the controller of a thermal system.

Question 9.
Name some appliances which uses thermostat.
Answer:
Central heater in a room, air conditioner, water heater, oven and refrigerators.

Question 10.
What is the function of silvered wall in a thermos flask?
Answer:
The silvered walls reflect radiated heat back to the liquid in the flask.

Question 11.
You would have noticed some space being left in railway tracks. Why?
Answer:

  1. It is because railway tracks which are made up of iron (metal) expand during summer.
  2. When there is a gap, there will not be any damage in the track due to expansion of the metal rod.

Question 12.
What is transfer of heat?
Answer:
If heat energy is supplied to any substance, it will be transferred from one part of the substance to another part.

Question 13.
Mention the applications of convection in daily life.
Answer:

  1. Formation of land breeze and sea breeze is due to convection of air.
  2. Wind flows from one region to another region by convection.
  3. In hot air balloons heat is transferred by convection and so the balloon raises.
  4. In refrigerators, cool air moves downward and replaces the hot air because of convection.

Question 14.
Define radiation.
Answer:
Radiation is defined as the way of heat transfer from one place to another in the form of electromagnetic waves.

Question 15.
Mention the applications of radiation in daily life.
Answer:

  1. Heat energy from the Sun reaches the Earth by radiation.
  2. While standing near fire we feel the heat which is transferred as radiation.
  3. Black surfaces absorb heat radiation. So that the bottom of the cooking vessels are painted black.
  4. White color reflects heat radiation. That’s why we are advised to wear white cloth during summer.

Question 16.
Why do we wear woolen clothes in winter?
Answer:

  1. The fibers of wool have the property of trapping air in between them.
  2. In trapping the air, woolen clothes do not allow the heat to flow away from the body, which would then become cold.
  3. Besides, wool is poor conductor of heat. So this property further prevents heat from leaving the body.

Question 17.
Can convection take place in solids? Why?
Answer:

  1. No. The molecules in a solid are only free to vibrate about their fixed positions.
  2. For convection to take place, the molecules need to move carrying the heat with them.
  3. Hence convection cannot take place in solids.

Question 18.
Distinguish between heat capacity and specific heat capacity.
Answer:

Heat capacity

Specific heat capacity

1. It is the heat required to raise the temperature of a given mass of a substance through 1°C. 1. It is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance through 1°C.
2. It depends on the mass of the body 2. It does not depend on the mass of the body.
3. Its unit is J°C-1 3. Its unit is J Kg-1°C-1

Question 19.
Arrange the following in order of decreasing expansion of heating : Steel, milk, air.
Answer:
Air, milk, steel.

Question 20.
Distinguish between evaporation and vaporization.
Answer:

Evaporation

Vaporization

1. Evaporation takes place at all temperature. 1. Vaporization takes place at fixed temperature.
2. Slow and gradual process 2. Violent and rapid process.
3. Takes place at the surface of the liquid 3. Takes place through the entire liquid.

VII. Answer in detail

Question 1.
Describe an experiment to prove that solids expands on heating and contract on cooling.
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi Guru 8th Science Term 2 Chapter 1 Heat

  1. Take a metal ball and a metal ring of suitable diameter.
  2. Pass the metal ball through the ring.
  3. You can observe that the metal ball can easily go through it.
  4. Now heat the metal ball and then try to pass it fits through through the ring.
  5. It will not pass through the ring.
  6. Keep the metal ball on the ring for some time.
  7. In few minutes, it will fall through the ring. Expansion in Solids
  8. When the ball is heated the atoms in the ball gain heat energy.
  9. They start vibrating and force each other apart.
  10. As a result an expansion takes place. That’s why the ball did not go through the ring.
  11. After some time, as the ball lost the heat energy to the surrounding it came back to its original size and it went through the ring.
  12. This shows that heat energy causes expansion in solids.

Question 2.
Write a note on radiation.
Answer:
8th Science Heat Lesson Samacheer Kalvi Term 2 Chapter 1

  1. Radiation is the third form of heat transfer.
  2. By conduction, heat is transferred through solids, by convection heat is transferred through liquids and gases, but by radiation heat can be transferred through empty space even through vacuum.
  3. Heat energy from the Sun reaches the Earth by this form of heat transfer.
  4. Radiation is defined as the way of heat transfer from one place to another in the form of electromagnetic waves.

Question 3.
Write the difference between conduction, convection, and radiation.
Answer:

Conduction

Convection

Radiation

Heat is transferred without the actual movement of the molecules Heat transfer takes place due to the movement of the molecules themselves. Heat is transferred without a medium.
Conduction is possible only in solids with the exception of mercury which is a liquid Convection takes place in liquids and gases only. Radiation requires no medium. It takes place even in vacuum.
Transfer is slow Transfer is faster Transfer is the fastest
Heat transfer can be in any direction. Heat transfer is mainly upwards. Heat transfer takes place in all direction.

Question 4.
Distinguish between heat and temperature.
Answer:

Heat

Temperature

1. It is a form of energy. 1. It is a thermal condition of body.
2. It flows from one object to other object when there is a difference in temperature 2. It is a quantity that indicates whether or not and in which direction heat will flow.
3. It is the total amount of internal energy of a body 3. It is proportional to average kinetic energy of the molecules of a body.
4. In the transmission of heat, total amount of heat remains unchanged. 4. In the transmission of heat, temperature does not remain same.
5. Its SI unit is joule (J) 5. Its SI unit is kelvin (K).

VIII. Problems for practice

Question 1.
What is the rise in temperature of 5 kg of water if it is given 84,000 J heat energy? Specific heat capacity of water 4200 J Kg-1 °C-1.
Solution:
Given, m = 5 kg
Q = 84,000 J
C = 4200 J Kg-1 °C-1
Let rise in the temperature be ∆T.
Heat energy (Q) = mC∆T
84,000 = 5 x 4200 x ∆T
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Guide Term 2 Chapter 1 Heat
= 4°C

Question 2.
A body of mass 750 g requires 13,500 J of heat energy in order to raise its temperature from 25 °C to 55 °C. Calculate its specific heat capacity.
Solution:
Given
m = 750 g = 0.750 kg
∆T (55 – 25)°C = 30°C
Q = 13,500 J
Q = mC∆T
or
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Term 2 Chapter 1 Heat
= 600 JKg-1

Question 3.
An iron ball requires 9000 J heat energy to raise its temperature by 10°C. Calculate the heat capacity of the iron bail.
Solution:
Given, Q = 9000 J
∆T = 10°C
Heat capacity, C = \(\frac{Q}{∆T}\) = \(\frac{9000}{10}\) = 900 J°C-1

IX. Picture based Questions

Question 1.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Solution Term 2 Chapter 1 Heat
Answer:

  1. Freezing
  2. Vaporization
  3. Condensation
  4. Deposition

Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Term 1 Prose Chapter 2 Friendship

Students can Download English Lesson 2 Friendship Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf  helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Term 1 Prose Chapter 2 Friendship

Read And Understand

A. Choose the correct answer.

Friendship 8th Std Prose Question 1.
Vetri went to Asif ‘s _______
(a) home
(b) office
(c) room
Answer:
(b) office

Friendship Prose In 8th Standard Summary Question 2.
Vetri came to Chennai to visit his _______
(a) father
(b) friend
(c) brother
Answer:
(b) friend

Friendship Lesson For 8th Standard Question 3.
Asif saw his friend through the _______
(a) camera
(b) window
(c) glass
Answer:
(a) camera

B. Choose correct synonyms for the italic word.

Friendship Lesson 8th Standard Question 1.
Vetri constructed a bungalow.
(a) design
(b) build
(c) foundation
(d) destroy
Answer:
(b) build

Friendship 8th Std Prose Summary Question 2.
The brothers started a business, separately.
(a) apart
(b) alone
(c) united
(d) combined
Answer:
(a) apart

Friendship Prose In 8th Standard Question 3.
I am living in the outskirts of the village.
(a) border
(b) outpost
(c) center
(d) region
Answer:
(b) outpost

8th Standard English Friendship Lesson Question 4.
Asif quarreled with his friend.
(a) fight
(b) differ
(c) peace
(d) fun
Answer:
(a) fight

Friendship Prose Summary Question 5.
He stood astounded.
(a) happy
(b) surprised
(c) shocked
(d) excited
Answer:
(c) shocked

C. Choose correct Antonyms for the italic word.

Friendship Lesson Question Answer Question 1.
The wife replied angrily.
(a) calm
(b) annoyed
(c) irritate
Answer:
(a) calm

8th English Prose Friendship Question 2.
The vegetables look fresh.
(a) rotten
(b) dull
(c) new
Answer:
(a) rotten

8th Friendship Question 3.
Vetri had a strong will to start a new business.
(a) desire
(b) thin
(c) weak
Answer:
(c) weak

Friendship Prose Question 4.
Vetri was surprised by his friend.
(a) unsurprised
(b) expected
(c) shocked
Answer:
unsurprised

Question 5.
He spoke nervously
(a) Scared
(b) confident
(c) anxious
(b) confident
Answer:
(b) confident

D. Answer the following questions in one or two words.

Question 1.
What was the name of Vetri’s company?
Answer:
The name of Vetri’s company was ‘Vetri Constructions’.

Question 2.
Why did he sell his properties?
Answer:
He sold his properties to pay his loans.

Question 3.
Which was the home town of Vetri and Asif ?
Answer:
The home town of Vetri and Asif was Keelakudi village.

Question 4.
When was the school established?
Answer:
The school was in the outskirts of Keelakudi village. It was a middle school.

Question 5.
When did Vetri receive a call from Asif’s office?
Answer:
Two days later after reaching his home, Vetri received a call from Asif’s office.

E. Answer the following questions in 100 words.

Question 1.
How Vetri lost his properties?
Answer:
Vetri was once a successful businessman in Coimbatore. His Vetri constructions was a leading construction company. After his father’s death, his brothers demanded to split the wealth, as they wanted to start their business separately. From then on, Vetri found it difficult to establish his business. He took loans to run his company, but he could not pay the loan. So he sold all his properties and paid the loans. His family then moved to a very small house. He found a job and started to lead a normal life.

Question 2.
What happened when Vetri met Asif?
Answer:
Vetri boarded the train and went straight to Asif’s office. When Vetri was enquiring about Asif, he got a pat on his back. It was Asif, who came to receive Vetri, after seeing him through the CCTV camera. Vetri was speechless. He apologized to Asif saying that he never got a chance to visit Chennai. So he couldn’t meet him at all. They spoke about their school days and the fun they had. They also discussed about their business. Asif took Vetri to his home for lunch. Vetri was surprised to see that everyone knows him. In the evening, Asif dropped him at the station.

Question 3.
How did Asif show his friendship?
Answer:
Asif was a true friend of Vetri. When Vetri came to his office, he came to receive him, as he saw through the CCTV camera. He gave Vetri a pat on his back. Vetri was speechless on seeing him. He took to his cabin. They spoke about their school days and the fun they had. They discussed about their business. Asif took Vetri to his home for lunch. Vetri was surprised to see that everyone knows him. Vetri stayed there till evening. Asif dropped him in the railway station. After two days, he invited Vetri to his office and assigned him a project.

Vocabulary

Compound Words

A. Match the following compound words and write them:
Answer:

First word

Second word

New word

match mark matchbox
air cut airport
blood port blood bank
Pop gum pop corn
sky bank sky blue
hair blue hair cut
book corn book mark
chewing box. chewing gum

B. Choose the best answer to make a compound word.

Question 1.
Which can be placed after ‘soft’?
(a) play
(b) ware
(c) run
(d) cycle
Answer:
(b) software

Question 2.
Which can be placed before ‘light’?
(a) try
(b) sun
(c) horse
(d) cat
Answer:
(b) sunlight

Question 3.
Which can be placed after ‘safe’?
(a) chair
(b) guard
(c) shop
(d) van
Answer:
(b) safeguard

Question 4.
Which can be placed after ‘blue’?
(a) cane
(b) print
(c) see
(d) land
Answer:
(b) blueprint

Question 5.
Which can be placed after ‘water’?
(a) food
(b) stick
(c) fall
(d) out
Answer:
(c) waterfall

Singular, Plural

Write the plural form of the given words :
Answer:

No.

Singular

Plural

1. food food
2. radius radii
3. governor – general governors-general
4. syllabus syllabi
5. datum data
6. commander-in-chief commanders-in- chief
7. thesis theses
8. forum fora
9. cattle cattle
10. genius geniuses / genii

Listening
Listen carefully to the passage given in QR code and answer the following questions.

Questions:

Question 1.
Whose speech is it?
Answer:
It is Rahim’s speech.

Question 2.
What did Rahul engrave?
Answer:
Rahul engraved Rahim’s help in his heart.

Question 3.
Who is lucky?
Answer:
Rahim is lucky.

Question 4.
Who bagged ‘all-rounder’ award?
Answer:
Rahul bagged all-rounder medal in school.

Question 5.
Whose birthday party is it?
Answer:
It was Rahul’s birthday party.

Writing
Arrange the picture in order by writing the numbers 1,2,3 and 4 in the given boxes and write this familiar story in about 100 words.
Make use of the words given below.

(thirsty, village, pitcher, disappointment, pebbles, water level )
Friendship 8th Std Prose Samacheer Kalvi Term 1 Prose Chapter 2
Answer:
One hot day, a thirsty crow in a village, searched for water everywhere. At last, it found . a pitcher. But there was a disappointment for the crow, as the water level in the pitcher was very low. The crow got an idea. It saw some pebbles nearby. It started putting pebbles in the pitcher. Slowly, the water level raised. The crow drank the water and flew away happily.

Grammar

Degrees Of Comparison

a. Fill in the blanks:
Answer:

Positive Comparative Superlative
tall taller tallest
smart smarter smartest
large larger largest
more more most
late Later/latter latest (last)

Let’s compare two things.

Question 1.
Which is faster a train or a plane?
Answer:
plane is faster than a train.

Question 2.
Which is cheaper gold or silver?
Answer:
Silver is cheaper than gold.

Question 3.
Which is larger, city or village?
Answer:
A city is larger than a village.

Question 4.
Which is bigger, a sea or an ocean?
Answer:
An ocean is bigger than a sea.

Question 5.
Which is taller, a giraffe or a camel?
Answer:
A giraffe is taller than a camel.

Let’s compare three things.

EG: Donkey, horse and elephant (strong)
A donkey is strong.
The horse is stronger than a donkey.
An elephant is the strongest.

Question 1.
Town – city – village (quiet)
Answer:
A city is quiet.
Town is quieter than the city.
The village is the quietest.

Question 2.
Istanbul – Moscow – London (populated)
Answer:
Istanbul is populated.
Moscow is more populated than Istanbul.
London is the most populated.

Question 3.
Windy weather – warm weather – rainy weather (good)
Answer:
Windy weather is good.
Warm weather is better than windy weather.
Rainy weather is the best.

Question 4.
Ocean – river – lake (deep)
Answer:
River is deep.
Lake is deeper than the river.
Ocean is the deepest.

Question 5.
The USA – Russia – Spain (large)
Answer:
Hitl Spain is a large country.
The USA is larger than Spain.
Russia is the largest country.

Question 6.
The Mahanadi – The Cauvery – The Ganga (long)
Answer:
The cauvery is a long river.
The Mahanadi is longer than the Cauvery.
The Ganga is the longest river in our country.

Question 7.
Chennai – Hyderabad – Bangaluru (modern)
Answer:
Chennai is a modern city.
Hyderabad is more modern than Chennai.
Bengaluru is the most modern city.

Friendship Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct Synonyms for the italic word

Question 1.
After his fathers death, his brothers demanded to split the wealth.
(a) break up
(b) brush
(c) open
(d) close
Answer:
(a) break up

Question 2.
But he always long to start a new construction company.
(a) fabrication
(b) devastation
(c) real estate
(d) building formation
Answer:
(d) building formation

Question 3.
He told his wife about his decision.
(a) hesitation
(b) delay
(c) judgement
(a) Abnormal
Answer:
(c) judgement

Question 4.
They lived in the beautiful village Keelakudi.
(a) ugly
(b) awful
(c) vile
(d) Pretty
Answer:
(d) Pretty

Question 5.
Their friendship grew stronger with time.
(a) weaker
(b) slender
(c) firmer
(d) Punier
Answer:
(c) firmer

Question 6.
Asif consoled him with a chocolate.
(a) comforted
(b) distressed
(c) troubled
(d) annoyed
Answer:
(a) comforted

Question 7.
I don’t know if you will get an appointment.
(a) employment
(b) dismissal
(c) arrangement for meeting
(d) discharge
Answer:
(c) arrangement for meeting

Question 8.
Vetri was dumbfounded.
(a) speechless
(b) mindful
(c) conscious
(d) Casual
Answer:
(a) speechless

Question 9.
Our MD Mr. Asif, has assigned a project to you.
(a) refused
(b) cancelled
(c) given
(d) relieved
Answer:
(c) given

Question 10.
The security was astounded.
(a) annoyed
(b) irked
(c) upset
(d) surprised
Answer:
(d) surprised

II. Choose the correct Antonyms for the italic word.

Question 1.
Vetri was once a successful businessman in Coimbatore.
(a) powerful
(b) unsuccessful
(c) wonderful
(d) awful
Answer:
(b) unsuccessful

Question 2.
Vetri found it difficult to establish his business.
(a) abolish
(b) setup
(c) deal
(d) offer
Answer:
(a) abolish

Question 3.
He started to lead a normal life.
(a) usual
(b) same
(c) ordinary
(d) abnormal
Answer:
(d) abnormal

Question 4.
His brothers demanded to split the wealth.
(a) offered
(b) searched
(c) rushed
(d) ordered
Answer:
(a) offered

Question 5.
One day he discussed with his wife.
(a) ignored
(b) considered
(c) examined
(d) argued
Answer:
(a) ignored

Question 6.
To everyone’s surprise, they continued to be good friends.
(a) lingered
(b) extended
(c) discontinued
(d) lasted
Answer:
(a) lingered

Question 7.
One day there was a quarrel between Vetri and Asif’s families.
(a) row
(b) fight
(c) contest
(d) agreement
Answer:
(d) agreement

Question 8.
The results and marks never affected their friendship.
(a) moved
(b) stirred
(c) unaffected
(d) pretended
Answer:
(c) unaffected

Question 9.
Two days later, Vetri received a call.
(a) paid
(b) gave
(c) lived
(d) took
Answer:
(b) gave

Question 10.
Vetri told his wife everything in detail.
(a) same
(b) anything
(c) nothing
(d) all
Answer:
(c) nothing

III. Choose the Correct Answer [MCQ]

Question 1.
Vetri’s constructions was once a ________ construction company.
(a) small
(b) leading
(c) dull
(d) vague
Answer:
(b) leading

Question 2.
Everything went well, until his ________ died
(a) father
(b) sister
(c) uncle
(d) brother
Answer:
(a) father

Question 3.
They were alwavs together in learning and ________
(a) writing
(b) reading
(c) studying
(d) playing
Answer:
(d) playing

Question 4.
They also helped others with their ________
(a) homework
(b) lessons
(c) projects
(d) assignment
Answer:
(b) lessons

Question 5.
The security was ________
(a) surprised
(b) astounded
(c) arrogant
(d) bold
Answer:
(b) astounded

Question 6.
They spoke about their school days and the ________ they had.
(a) boring
(b) lethargic
(c) fun
(d) indolent
Answer:
(c) fun

Question 7.
Then thev discussed about their ________
(a) business
(b) children
(c) relatives
(d) plans
Answer:
(a) business

Question 8.
Asif dropped him in the ________ station.
(a) police
(b) railway
(c) bus
(d) fire
Answer:
(b) railway

IV. Short Questions with Answers.

Question 1.
What did Vetri’s Constructions construct? ‘
Answer:
Vetri’s constructions constructed many shopping complexes, houses and a few apartments in and around Coimbatore.

Question 2.
What happened after his father’s death?
Answer:
After his father’s death, his brothers demanded to split the wealth, as they wanted to start their business separately.

Question 3.
Whom did Vetri decide to meet? Why?
Answer:
Vetri decided to meet his friend Asif in Chennai for help.

Question 4.
How strong was their friendship?
Answer:
Vetri and Asif studied in the same school at Keelakudi village. They were always together in learning and playing. They continued to be good friends till their X Std. After that, Asif had to move to Chennai.

Question 5.
Who stopped Vetri at the gate of Asif’s office?
Answer:
The security stopped Vetri at the gate and asked whom does he wants to meet.

Question 6.
How did Asif know that Vetri had come to his office?
Answer:
Asif saw him through the CCTV camera and came to receive him.

V. Paragraph Questions with Answers.

Question 1.
How did Vetri and Asif’s friendship start?
Answer:
Their friendship started on the first day of school. When Vetri’s parents dropped him at the school, he started crying. Asif consoled him with a chocolate and asked him not to cry. From that day, they stayed together, played together and even exchanged their food. Their friendship grew stronger with time. They were always good in studies and helped each other in lessons. There was always a healthy competition between them. Surprisingly, the exams, results and marks never affected their friendship. Their friendship continued till tenth standard. Then Asif moved to Chennai

Friendship Grammer Additional

Degrees of Comparison

I. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.

Positive Comparative Superlative
big
costlier
hardest
short
simpler
tallest
long
faster

Answer:

Positive Comparative Superlative
big bigger biggest
costly costlier costliest
hard harder hardest
short shorter shortest
simple simpler simplest
tall taller tallest
long longer longest
fast faster fastest

Question 2.

Positive Comparative Superlative
beautiful
more different
most enjoyable
effectively
more delicious
most useful
honest most honest
more qualified

Answer:

Positive Comparative Superlative
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
different more different most different
enjoyable more enjoyable most enjoyable
effectively more effectively most effectively
delicious more delicious most delicious
useful more useful most useful
honest more honest most honest
qualified more qualified most qualified

Question 3.

Adjectives

Comparative

Superlative

bad

drier

far (place)

farthest
far (time)

furthest

better

late (time)

latest
late (order) latter

less

most

safe

simple

simpler

Answer:

Adjectives Comparative Superlative
bad worse worst
dry drier driest
far (place) farther farthest
far (time) further furthest
good better best
late (time) later latest
late (order) latter last
little less least
many more most
safe safer safest
simple simpler simplest

II. Change the following sentences into comparative degree sentences.

Question 1.
India is not as large as China.
Answer:
China is larger than India.

Question 2.
Water is not as light as air.
Answer:
Air is lighter than water.

Question 3.
My brother is not as tall as I am.
Answer:
I am taller than my brother.

Question 4.
Ravi is not as intelligent as Magesh.
Answer:
Magesh is more intelligent than Ravi.

Question 5.
No other problem facing our country is as serious as unemployment.
Answer:
Unemployment is more serious than any other problem facing our country.

III. Change the following sentences into Superlative degree sentences.

Question 1.
Chandrasekar is richer than any other man in this town.
Answer:
Chandrasekar is the richest man in this town.

Question 2.
Vijay is taller than any other student in this class.
Answer:
Vijay is the tallest student in this class.

Question 3.
Shakespeare is greater than any other English poet.
Answer:
Shakespeare is the greatest of English Poets.

Question 4.
Greenland is larger than any other island.
Answer:
Greenland is the largest island.

Question 5.
Anita is prettier than any other girl in my class.
Answer:
Anita is the prettiest girl in my class.

Friendship Summary

Section – I

This is a story on the Friendship between Vetri and Asif. Vetri was a successful businessman in Coimbatore. His Vetri construction company constructed many shopping complexes, houses and a few apartments in and around Coimbatore. After his father’s death, he was forced to split the wealth to his brothers. From then on, Vetri found it difficult to establish his business. He could not pay the loans taken to run his company. So he sold all his properties and paid the loans. He moved to a very small house with his family.

He found a job and led a normal life. But he desired to start a company again. No one was ready to lend him money. One day, his wife suggested him to ask his friend Asif for help. But Vetri hesitated to ask him for help, as he had not seen him for a long time. After deep thought, he decided to meet his friend Asif who was in Chennai.

Fill in the blanks :

  1. _________ constructions was once a leading company
  2. He took a_________to run his company.
  3. Vetri’s friend is_________

Answers:

  1. Vetri
  2. loan
  3. Asif

Section – II

Vetri boarded the train to Chennai. His memory went back to his school days. They lived in the beautiful village Keelakudi near Coimbatore. Vetri and Asif studied in a school in the outskirts of the village Keelakudi. The teachers and the students would never forget Vetri and Asif and their friendship. They were always together in learning and playing.

Their friendship started on the first day of school. On the first day, when Vetri started crying, Asif consoled him with a chocolate and told him not to cry. After that day, they stayed together played together and even exchanged their food. They were always good in studies and helped each other in lessons.

One day, there was a quarrel between Vetri and Asif’s families. But this did not affect their friendship. Their exams, results and the marks never affected their friendship. After their tenth standard, Asif moved to Chennai and Vetri settled in Coimbatore.

Say True or False.

  1. Keelakudi was the native of Vetri.
  2. The school was a middle school.
  3. Vetri and Asif were good in studies.
  4. Vetri never visited Chennai.
  5. Asif was a businessman.

Answer:

  1. True
  2. True
  3. True
  4. True
  5. True

Section – III

When Vetri went to Asif’s office, he was stopped by the security. Vetri told him that he wanted to meet his friend Asif. He directed Vetri to the Receptionist. When Vetri was asking the receptionist whether he could meet Asif his friend, Vetri got a pat on his back. It was Asif his friend. Asif saw him through the CCTV camera and came down to receive him. Vetri was speechless and apologized to Asif that he did not get a chance to visit Chennai till then. He said that since he had come to attend his friend’s wedding he thought that he could meet him.

They spoke about their school days, the fun they had. They discussed about their business. Asif took Vetri to his home to lunch. Vetri was surprised to see that everyone knows him. In the evening, Asif dropped him in the railway station. Vetri reached home and told his wife everything in detail. Two days later, he received a call from Asif’s office stating that Asif, their M.D. had assigned a project to Vetri.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Term 2 Poem Chapter 1 Making Life Worth While

Students can Download English Poem 1 Making Life Worth While Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Term 2 Poem Chapter 1 Making Life Worth While

Making Life Worthwhile Poem Questions And Answers

Making Life Worthwhile Poem Lines and Explanation

Line Nos. Poem Lines Explanation
1-3 Every soul that touches yours –
Be it the slightest contact –
Get there from some good;
We should learn the good from every soul that touches our heart. It
may also be the slightest contact.
4-5 Some little grace; one kindly thought;
One aspiration yet unfelt;
Some little charm, one kind thought, a hope or an ambition of achieving a desire or a wish.
6-7 One bit of courage
For the darkening sky;
We need a bit of bravery to step into the darkening world.
8-9 One gleam of faith
To brave the thickening ilk of life;
A faith that shines brightly to face the evils and obstacles of life.
10-12 One glimpse of brighter skies
To make this life, worthwhile
And heaven a surer heritage.
A quick look at the brighter side of our life will make our life valuable and then surely heaven would be our inherited property.

Making Life Worthwhile Poem Mind Map Read and Understand

1. Comprehension questions.

Making Life Worthwhile Poem Question 1.
What should we learn from every soul?
Answer:
We should learn the good from every soul.

Making Life Worthwhile Poem Questions And Answers Question 2.
What qualities will help us to brave the thickening ills of life?
Answer:
A little grace, a kind thought, an unfelt aspiration, a bit of courage and a gleam of faith are the qualities that help us to brave the thickening ills of life.

Making Life Worthwhile Question 3.
Why should we make this life worthwhile?
Answer:
We should make this life worthwhile to have a glimpse of the brighter skies.

Making Life Worthwhile Poem Summary Question 4.
What does the poet assure if we make our life worthwhile?
Answer:
Heaven is sure to be our property that may be inherited by us, if we make our life worthwhile.

Making Life Worthwhile Poem Summary In English Question 5.
Pick out any two lines of repetition from the poem.
Answer:
‘One’ is repeated in the poem like in the lines “one aspiration yet unfelt”; “one bit of courage”.

2. Fill in the blanks.

  1. We should have an ______ in life.
  2. A ______ is needed for the darkening sky.
  3. One must have a ______ of brighter skies to make the life worthwhile.

Answers:

  1. aspiration
  2. bit of courage
  3. glimpse

3. Figure of speech.

Repetition:

Repetition is a literary device that repeats the same words of phrases a few times to make an idea clearer and more memorable. It is used to emphasize a feeling or idea, create rhythm, and bring attention to an idea.

“The woods are lovely, dark, and deep,
But I have promises to keep
And miles to go before I sleep,
and miles to go before I sleep.” – Robert Frost

Making Life Worthwhile Poem Lesson Additional Questions

I. Poem Comprehension – Additional

1. Some little grace; one kindly thought;
One aspiration yet unfelt;
One bit of courage
For the darkening sky;

8th English Poem Making Life Worthwhile Question a.
What qualities are mentioned here?
Answer:
Some Grace, a kind thought, hope and courage.

Making Life Worth While Question b.
What do you mean by the word ‘grace’?
Answer:
‘Grace’ means elegance or charm.

2. One gleam of faith
To brave the thickening ills of life;

Making Life Worthwhile Poem Explanation Question a.
How can we brave the thickening ills of life?
Answer:
We can brave them by a gleam of faith.

Worthwhile Poem Explanation Question b.
Why does the poet say thickening ills of life?
Answer:
The evils and obstacles in life are increasing.

II Poetic Devices

1. “Get there some good”.
What is the poetic device used here?
Answer:
Alliteration is used here. The words get – good are alliterated.

2. “And heaven a surer heritage”
Pick out the alliterated words.
Answer:
heaven – heritage are alliterated.

3. One aspiration yet unfelt;
One bit of courage
What is the literary device used here?
Answer:
Repetition. The word one’ is repeated in these two lines.

III. Making Life Worthwhile Poem Short Questions and Answers.

Making Life Worthwhile Poem Lines Question 1.
What does every soul touch?
Answer:
Every soul touches our heart.

8th Poem Making Life Worthwhile Question 2.
How do we look at the brighter skies?
Answer:
We look at one glimpse at the brighter skies.

Worthwhile Poem Summary Question 3.
What do you mean by ‘heritage’?
Answer:
Heritage means ‘inheritance’. The property inherited from our ancestors.

III. Making Life Worthwhile Poem Paragraph Paragraph Question with Answer.

Making Life Worthwhile Question Answer Question 1.
How can we make our life Worthwhile?
Answer:
We should learn the good from every soul that touches our heart. Some little grace, a kind thought, a hope or an ambition of achieving a desire or wish and a bit of courage is needed to step into the darkening world. We need faith that shines brightly to face the evils and obstacles of life. A quick look at the brighter side of our life will make our life valuable. Only then, heaven would surely be our inherited property.

Making Life Worthwhile Poem Summary In English

The poet talks about how to make our life worthwhile. We should learn the good from every soul that touches our heart. It may be the slightest contact with them. But still, we have to get some, good from them. We need a little grace, one kind thought, a hope or an ambition of achieving our desire or wish. We also need a bit of courage to step into our darkening world. We need a shine of faith to face the evils and obstacles in our life. A quick look at the brighter side of life will make our life valuable and surely, heaven would be our inherited property.