Category: Class 11

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Economics Solutions Chapter 3 Production Analysis

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Samacheer Kalvi 11th Economics Production Analysis Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Part – A

11th Economics Chapter 3 Book Back Answers Multiple Choice Questions

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 11th Economics Question 1.
The primary factors of production are:
(a) Labour and Organisation
(b) Labour and Capital
(c) Land and Capital
(d) Land and Labour.
Answer:
(d) Land and Labour.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 11 Economics Question 2.
The man-made physical goods used to produce other goods and services are referred to as …………………………
(a) Land
(b) Labour
(c) Capital
(d) Organization
Answer:
(c) Capital

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Economics Solutions Question 4.
Which factor is called the changing agent of society?
(a) Labourer
(b) Land
(c) Organizer
(d) Capital
Answer:
(c) Organizer

Economics Samacheer Kalvi Question 5.
Who said, that one of the key of an entrepreneur is “uncertainty-bearing”.
(a) J.B.Clark
(b) Schumpeter
(c) Knight
(d) Adam Smith
Answer:
(c) Knight

Economics Class 11 Samacheer Kalvi Question 6.
The functional relationship between “inputs” and “outputs” is called………………………..
(a) Consumption Function
(b) Production Function
(c) Savings Function
(d) Investment Function
Answer:
(b) Production Function

Samacheer Kalvi Economics 11th Question 7.
In a firm 5 units of factors produce 24 units of the product. When the number of factor increases by one, the production increases to 30 units. Calculate the Average Product.
(a) 30
(b) 6
(c) 5
(d) 24
Answer:
(c) 5

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Solutions Question 8.
The short-run production is studied through ………………………
(a) The Laws of Returns to Scale
(b) The Law of Variable Proportions
(c) Iso – quants
(d) Law of Demand
Answer:
(b) The Law of Variable Proportions

11th Economics Samacheer Kalvi Question 9.
The long-run production function is explained by
(a) Law of Demand
(b) Law of Supply
(c) Returns to Scale
(d) Law of Variable Proportions
Answer:
(c) Returns to Scale

Economics Class 11 Chapter 3 Notes Question 10.
An Iso – quant curve is also known as …………………………
(a) Inelastic Supply curve
(b) Inelastic Demand Curve
(c) Equi – marginal Utility
(d) Equal Product Curve
Answer:
(d) Equal Product Curve

11 Th Samacheer Kalvi Economics Question 11.
Mention the economies reaped from inside the firm
(a) Financial
(b) Technical
(c) Managerial
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

11th Economics Solutions Samacheer Kalvi Question 12.
Cobb – Douglas production function assumes ………………………….
(a) Increasing returns to scale
(b) Diminishing returns to scale
(c) Constant returns to scale
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(c) Constant returns to scale

Economics Class 11 Chapter 3 Question Answers Question 13.
Name the returns to scale when the output increases by more than 5%, for a 5% increase in the inputs,
(a) Increasing returns to scale
(b) Decreasing returns to scale
(c) Constant returns to scale
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(a) Increasing returns to scale

Question 14.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of land?
(a) It’s a limited supply
(b) It is mobile
(c) Heterogeneous
(d) Gift of Nature
Answer:
(b) It is mobile

Question 15.
Product obtained from additional factors of production is termed as
(a) Marginal product
(b) Total product
(c) Average product
(d) Annual product
Answer:
(a) Marginal product

Question 16.
Modem economists have propounded the law of ………………………
(a) Increasing returns
(b) decreasing returns
(c) Constant returns
(d) variable proportions
Answer:
(a) Increasing returns

Question 17.
Producer’s equilibrium is achieved at the point where:
(a) The marginal rate of technical substitution(MRTS) is greater than the price ratio
(b) MRTS is lesser than the price ratio
(c) MRTS and price ratio are equal to each other
(d) The slopes of Iso-quant and Iso-cost lines are different.
Answer:
(c) MRTS and price ratio are equal to each other

Question 18.
The relationship between the price of a commodity and the supply of a commodity is ……………………….
(a) Negative
(b) Positive
(c) Zero
(d) Increase
Answer:
(b) Positive

Question 19.
If average product is decreasing, then marginal product
(a) Must be greater than average product
(b) Must be less than average product
(c) Must be increasing
(d) Both a and c
Answer:
(b) Must be less than average product

Question 20.
A production function measures the relation between ……………………….
(a) Input prices and output prices
(b) Input prices and the quantity of output
(c) The number of inputs and the quantity of output
(d) The number of inputs and input prices.
Answer:
(c) The number of inputs and the quantity of output

Part – B

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences

Question 21.
Classify the factors of production.
Answer:
Factors of production are classified as land, labour, capital and organisation.

1. Land and Labour – Primary factors
2. Capital and organisation – Secondary factors.

Question 22.
Define labour?
Answer:

1. Labour is the active factor of production.
2. In common parlance, labour means manual labour or unskilled work. But in Economics the term ‘labour’ has a wider meaning.
3. It refers to any work undertaken for securing an income or reward. Such work may be manual or intellectual. For example, the work done by an agricultural worker or a cook or rickshaw puller or a mason is manual.
4. The work of a doctor or teacher or an engineer is intellectual.
5. In short, labour in economics refers to any type of work performed by a labourer for earning an income.

Question 23.
State the production function.
Answer:
Production function is the relationship between inputs of productive services and .outputs of product per unit of time.

Question 24.
Define Marginal Product of a factor?
Answer:
It is the addition or the increment made to the total product when one more unit of the variable input is employed. In other words, it is the ratio of the change in the total product to the change in the units of the input. It is expressed as
MP = ∆TP/∆N
Where MP = Marginal Product
∆TP = Change in total product
∆N = Change in units of input
It is also expressed as MP = TP [n] – TP [n-1]
MP = Marginal product
TP [n] = Total product of employing nth unit of a factor.
TP [n – 1] = Total product of employing the previous unit of a factor, that is, [n – 1]^th unit of a factor.

Question 25.
What is the Iso-cost line?
Answer:
An Iso-cost line represents different combinations of inputs which shows the same amount of cost.

Question 26.
What are the conditions for the producer’s equilibrium?
Answer:
The two conditions that are to be fulfilled for the attainment of producer equilibrium are:

1. The isocost line must be tangent to the isoquant curve.
2. At the point of tangency, the isoquant curve must be convex to the origin or MRTSLk must be declining.

Question 27.
What are the reasons for the upward-sloping supply curve?
Answer:
As the price of the commodity increases the quantum supplied also increases. So the supply curve has a positive slope.

Part – C

Answer the following questions in One Paragraph

Question 28.
What are the characteristics of land?
Answer:

1. Land is a primary factor of production
2. Land is a passive factor of production
3. Land is the free gift of nature
4. Land has no cost of production
5. Land is fixed in supply. It is inelastic in supply
6. Land is permanent
7. Land is immovable
8. Land is heterogeneous as it differs infertility
9. Land has alternative uses
10. Land is subject to Law of Diminishing Returns.

Question 29.
What are the factors governing elasticity of supply?
Answer:
1. Nature of the commodity:
The elasticity of supply of durable goods are high but perishables have low elasticity of supply.

2. Cost of production:
Under constant or increasing returns the elasticity of supply is greater, under diminishing returns elasticity is less.

3. Technical condition:
In large scale production supply cannot be adjusted easily. So elasticity of supply is lesser and vice versa.

4. Time factor:
During very short period, supply cannot be adjusted. In short period, variable factors can be changed so elasticity is more and in long period, supply is highly elastic.

Question 30.
What are the functions of entrepreneurs?
Answer:
Functions of an Entrepreneur:

• Initiation:
  An organizer is the initiator of the business, by considering the situation and availability of resources and planning the entire process of business of production.
• Innovation:
  A successful entrepreneur is always an innovator. He introduces new methods in the production process.
• Coordination:
  An organizer applies a particular combination of the factor of production to start and run the business or production.
• Control, Direction, and Supervision: An organizer controls so that nothing prevents the organization from achieving its goal. He directs the factors to get better results and supervises for the efficient functioning of all the factors involved in the process of production.
• Risk-taking and uncertainty-bearing: There are risk-taking and uncertainty-bearing obstacles. Risks may be insured but uncertainties cannot be insured. They reduce the profit.

Question 31.
State and explain the elasticity of supply.
Answer:
The elasticity of supply may be defined as the degree of responsiveness of change in supply to change in price on the part of sellers.
Mathematically:

Q – Supply, p – price, ∆ – change.

Question 32.
Bring out the Relationship among Total, Average and Marginal Products.
Answer:

Question 33.
Illustrate the concept of Producer’s Equilibrium.
Answer:
Producer equilibrium is the situation where the producer maximizes his output. It is also known as the optimum combination of the factors of production.
(Eg.) Maximum output at minimum cost.
Producer attains equilibrium where the Iso-cost line is tangent to the Iso-quant.

In the figure profit of the firm is maximised at the point of equilibrium.
At the point of equilibrium slope of the Iso-cost line = Slope of Iso-product curve At the point E, the firm employs OM units of labour and ON units of capital which is the least cost combination.

Question 34.
State the Cobb – Douglas Production Function?
Answer:
The Cobb – Douglas Production Function was developed by Charles W. Cobb and Paul H. Douglas, based on their empirical study of the American manufacturing industry. It is a linear homogeneous production function which implies that the factors of production can be substituted for one another up to a certain extent only.

The Cobb – Douglas production function can be expressed as follows.
Q = AL²K²
Where, Q = output; A = positive constant;
K = capital;
L = Labor α and β are positive fractions showing, the elasticity coefficients of outputs for the inputs labor and capital, respectively.
P = (1 – a) since a + p = 1. denoting constant returns to scale.
Factor intensity can be measured by the ratio β / α.

The sum of α + β shows the returns to scale.

1. (α + β) = 1, constant returns to scale.
2. (α + β) < 1, diminishing returns to scale.
3. (α + β) >1, increasing returns to scale.

• The production function explains that with the proportionate increase in the factors, the output also increases in the same proportion.
• Cobb – Douglas production function implies constant returns to scale.
  Cobb – Douglas Production Function is a specific standard equation applied to describe how much output can be made with capital and labour inputs.

Part – D

Answer the following questions in about a page

Question 35.
Examine the Law of Variable Proportions with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
According to G. Stigler, “As equal increments of one input are added, the inputs of other productive services being held constant, beyond a certain point the resulting increments of the product will decrease (ie) the marginal product will diminish”.
Assumptions:

1. Only one factor is variable.
2. All units of the variable factor are homogeneous
3. The product is measured in physical units.
4. There is no change in the state of technology and the price of the product.

Stage of production:

Units of variable factor (labour) are employed along with other fixed factors. There are three stages of production.

Stage I:

1. In the first stage MP_L increases upto third labourer and is higher than the average product.
2. So that total produt is increasing at an increasing rate.

Stage II:

1. MP_L decreases up to sixth unit of labour where MP_L curve intersects the x axis.
2. At fourth unit of labour MP_L = AP_L
3. After this, MP_L curve is lower than the AP_L. TP_L increases at a decreasing rate.

Stage III:

1. The seventh unit of labour is marked by negative MP_L the AP_L continues to fall but positive.
2. TP_L declines with the employment of more units of labour.

Question 36.
List out the properties of Iso-quants with the help of diagrams.
Answer:
Iso-quant:
“An Iso-quant is a curve showing all possible combinations of inputs physically capable of producing a given level of output” – Ferguson.

Properties of Iso-quant curve:
1. The Iso-quant curve has negative slope:

1. It slopes downwards from left to right indicating that the factors are substitutable.
2. In the diagram combination A refers to more of capital K₅ and less of labour L₂
3. As the producer moves to B, C and D more labour and less capital are used.

2. Convex to the origin:

1. In production, the capital substituted by 1 unit of labour goes on decreasing. It is called diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution.
2. If the marginal rate of technical substitution diminishes the Iso-quants will be convex to the origin.
3. Constant MRTS (straight line) and increasing MRTS (concave).

3. Non-inter-section of Iso-Quant curves:

1. Point A lie on the Iso-quants IQ₁ and IQ₂
2. But the point C shows a higher output and point B shows a lower level of output IQ₁
3. If C = A, B = A, then C – B. But C > B which is illogical.
   

4. An upper Iso-quant curve represents a higher level of output:

1. Higher IQ_s show higher outputs and lower IQ_s show lower output.
2. The arrow in the figure shows an increase in the output with a right and upward shift of an Iso-quant curve.

5. Iso-quant curve does not touch either X axis or Y axis:
No Iso-quant curve touches the X – axis or Y – axis because in IQ(, only capital is used and in IQ₂ only labour is used.

Question 37.
Elucidate the Laws of Returns to Scale. Illustrate.
Answer:
In the long-run all factors are variable. The laws of returns to scale explain the relationship between output and the scale of inputs in the long-run when all the inputs are increased in the same proportion.
Assumptions :

1. All the factors are variable except the organization.
2. There is no change in technology.
3. There is perfect competition in the market.
4. Outputs or returns are increased in physical quantities.

Three phases of returns to scale:
1. Increasing returns to scale:
If all inputs are increased by one percent, output increase by more than one percent.

2. Constant returns to scale:
In this case, if all inputs are increased by one percent, output increases by one percent.
Diagrammatic Illustration:

In the diagram, the movement from point a to point b represents increasing returns to scale. Between these two points, input has doubled but the output was tripled.

The law of constant returns is implied by the movement from point b to point c. Between these two points inputs have doubled and output also has doubled.

Decreasing returns to scale are denoted by the movement from the point c to point d since doubling the factors from 4 units to 8 units produce less than the increase in inputs, that is by only 33.33%.

Question 38.
Explain the internal and external economies of scale.
Answer:
The scale of production is an important factor affecting production. Every producer wishes to reduce the costs of production by using economies of scale.
Marshall classified economies into two.
1. Internal economies of scale: Internal economies refer to the reduction in the cost of production of the commodity. They are of various types.

• Technical economies: When the size and capital of the firm is large, up-to-date technologies can be used to improve the productivity of the firm. Here research and development strategies can be applied easily.
• Financial economies: Big firms can float shares in the market for capital expansion, while small firms cannot do so.
• Managerial economies: Large scale production facilitates specialization and delegation.
• Labour economies: Large scale production implies greater and minute division of labour. This leads to specialization which enhances the quality. This increases the productivity of the firm.
• Marketing economies: The producers can both buy raw-materials in bulk at a cheaper cost and can take the products to distant markets.
• Economies of survival: Product diversification is possible and it reduces the risk in production. Even if the market for one product collapses, the market for other commodities offsets it.

Question 39.
External economies of scale:
Answer:
External economies of scale refer to changes in any factor outside the firm or industry causing an improvement in the production process.
Important external economies are:

1. Increased transport facilities.
2. Banking facilities
3. Development of townships
4. Development of information and communication

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Economics Production Analysis Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Production refers to …………………….
(a) Destruction of utility
(b) Creation of utilities
(c) Exchange value
(d) None
Answer:
(b) Creation of utilities

Question 2.
_______ is a person who combines the factors of production in the production process to earn profit.
(a) Producer
(b) Entrepreneur
(c) Consumer
(d) Labours
Answer:
(b) Entrepreneur

Question 3.
Division of labour is introduced by ………………………
(a) Adam Smith
(b) Marshall
(c) Schumpeter
(d) Hawley
Answer:
(a) Adam Smith

Question 4.
Total product is
(a) TP = ∑AP
(b) TP = ∑MP
(c) TP = ∆N
(d) TP = TP / N
Answer:
(b) TP = ∑MP

Question 5.
The Initial supply price of land is ……………………..
(a) Zero
(b) Greater than one
(c) Less than one
(d) Equal to one
Answer:
(a) Zero

Question 6.
Cobb – Douglas production function depends on ______
(a) Land, Labour
(b) Land, Capital
(c) Labour, capital
(d) Labour, organisation
Answer:
(c) Labour, capital

Question 7.
Who is the primary factor of production?
(a) Organizer
(b) Capital
(c) Machine
(d) Man
Answer:
(a) Organizer

Question 8.
_______ is the man-made factor of production.
(a) Labour
(b) Capital
(c) Savings
(d) Land
Answer:
(c) Savings

Question 9.
Technological relationship between inputs and output is called ……………………….
(a) Production function
(b) Technical function
(c) Capital function
(d) Organiser function
Answer:
(a) Production function

Question 10.
In the production process _______ bears incertainity.
(a) Manager
(b) Labour
(c) Entrepreneur
(d) None
Answer:
(c) Entrepreneur

Question 11.
α + β = 1 refers _______
(a) Increasing returns to scale
(b) Constant return to scale
(c) Diminishing returns to scale
(d) None
Answer:
(b) Constant return to scale

Choose the correct statement

Question 1.
(a) Production refers to the creation of utility
(b) Production means the transformation of inputs into output
(c) Production creates economic well-being.
(d) The scale of production influences the revenue.
Answer:
(d) The scale of production influences the revenue.

Question 2.
(a) An entrepreneur is a risk-taker – Walker.
(b) Capital consists of all kinds of wealth other than the free gift of nature -Marshall.
(c) An entrepreneur innovates – Schumpeter.
(d) An entrepreneur is an uncertainty bearer – Walker.
Answer:
a. An entrepreneur is a risk-taker – Walker.

Match the following and choose the answer using the codes given below

Question 3.

a. 3 4 1 2
b. 1 2 3 4
c. 4 1 2 3
d. 2 1 3 4
Answer:
(c) Active factor – (3) Cobb-Douglas

Question 4.

a. 2 4 1 3
b. 1 2 3 4
c. 3 4 1 2
d. 4 1 2 3
Answer:
(a) (α + β) =1 – (1) Diminishing returns.

Question 5.

Answer:
a. 1 2 3 4
b. 4 1 2 3
c. 3 1 2 4
d. 2 3 1 4
Answer:
(c) Perfectly inelastic supply = (3) Es < 1

Question 6.

a. 2 3 1 4
b. 3 4 1 2
c. 4 1 2 3
d. 3 4 2 1
Answer:
(b) Labour = (2) Initiator

Choose the odd one out

Question 7.
(a) Land
(b) Labour
(c) Production
(d) Organisation
Answer:
(c) Production

Question 8.
(a) Technical economics
(b) Financial economics
(c) Economics of survival
(d) Banking facility
Answer:
(d) Banking facility

Choose the correct statement

Question 9.
(a) Iso-quant has a positive slope.
(b) Iso-quants never intersect each other
(c) Iso-quants are concave to the origin
(d) Iso-quant curve touch either X or Y-axis.
Answer:
(b) Iso-quants never intersect each other

Question 10.
Cobb-Douglas production function.
(a) Implies constant returns to scale
(b) It considers all the factors of production.
(c) The elasticity of substitution between the factors is less than one.
(d) Is a non-linear homogeneous production function.
Answer:
(a) Implies constant returns to scale

Analyze the reason for the following

Question 11.
Assertion (A) : Labour is the human input into the production process.
Reason (R) : Labour cannot be separated from the labourer.
a. Both (A) and (R) are true, (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b. Both (A) and (R) are true, (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c. Both (A) and (R) are false.
d. (A) is true but, (R) is false.
Answer:
b. Both (A) and (R) are true, (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

Question 12.
Assertion (A) : Perishables have a low elasticity of supply.
Reason (R) : Perishables cannot be stored for a long time.
a. Both (A) and (R) are true, (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b. Both (A) and (R) are true, (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c. (A) is true but (R) is false.
d. (A) is false but (R) is true.
Answer:
a. Both (A) and (R) are true, (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Choose the incorrect pair

Question 13.

Answer:
(a) Q = AL^α K^β

Question 14.

Answer:
(d) Q = f (N,L,K,T)

Fill in the blanks with the suitable option given below

Question 15.
Cobb-Douglas production function depends on _____
(a) Land, labour
(b) Land, capital
(c) Labour, capital
(d) Labour, organisation
Answer:
(c) Labour, capital

Question 16.
Total product is _____
(a) TP = ∑AP
(b) TP = ∆N
(c) TP = ∑MP
(d) TP = \(\frac { TP }{ N } \)
Answer:
(c) TP = ∑MP

Question 17.
In the production process __________ bears uncertainty.
(a) Manager
(b) Labour
(c) Worker
(d) Entrepreneur
Answer:
(d) Entrepreneur

Choose the best option

Question 18.
is the man-made factor of production.
(a) Labour
(b) Capital
(c) Savings
(d) Land
Answer:
(b) Capital

Question 19.
The labour exercised without expecting income is __________
(a) Service
(b) Physical labour
(c) Mental labour
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Service

Question 20.
Marginal product is ________
(a) MP = \(\frac { AP }{ N } \)
(b) MP = \(\frac { TP }{ N } \)
(c) MP = \(\frac { ∆AP }{ ∆N } \)
(d) MP = \(\frac { ∆TP }{ ∆N } \)
Answer:
(d) MP = \(\frac { ∆TP }{ ∆N } \)

Part – B

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences

Question 1.
What are the characteristics of capital?
Answer:

1. Capital is a man-made factor
2. Capital is mobile between places and persons
3. Capital is a passive factor of production
4. Capital’s supply is elastic
5. Capital’s demand is a derived demand
6. Capital is durable

Question 2.
What is the land?
Answer:
Land means all gifts of nature owned and controlled by human beings which yield an income.

Question 3.
Explain the law of variable proportions assumptions?
Answer:

1. The Law of Variable Proportions is based on the following assumptions.
2. Only one factor is variable while others are held constant.
3. All units of the variable factor are homogeneous.
4. The product is measured in physical units.
5. There is no change in the state of technology.
6. There is no change in the price of the product.

Question 4.
What is the total product?
Answer:
Total product is the summation of marginal products.
TP = ∑MP

Question 5.
What is average product ?
Answer:
Average product refers to the output per unit of the input.

Question 6.
What is diseconomies of scale ?
Answer:
Diseconomies of scale are a disadvantage to a firm or industry or organisation. This necessarily increases the cost of production.

Question 7.
What are Iso-quants ?
Answer:
An Iso-quant curve can be defined as the locus of points representing various combinations of two inputs yielding the same output.

Part – C

Answer the following questions in One Paragraph

Question 1.
State the characteristics of labour.
Answer:

1. Labour is an active factor of production.
2. Labour may be manual or intellectual.
3. Labour is perishable.
4. Labour is inseparable from the labourer.
5. Labour is less mobile.
6. Labour is a means as well as an end.
7. Labour units are heterogeneous.
8. Labour has weak bargaining power.

Question 2.
Define Iso – quant, and Iso – quants Assumptions?
Answer:
Definition of Iso – quant:
According to Ferguson, “An Iso – quant is a curve showing all possible combinations of inputs physically capable of producing a given level of output”.

Assumptions:

1. It is assumed that only two factors are used to produce a commodity.
2. Factors of production can be divided into small parts.
3. The technique of production is constant.
4. The substitution between the two factors is technically possible. That is, the production function is of “variable proportion” type rather than a fixed proportion.
5. Under the given technique, factors of production can be used with maximum efficiency.

Question 3.
Who is an entrepreneur?
Answer:
An entrepreneur is a person who combines land, labour and capital in the production process to earn a profit. He not only runs the business but bears the risk of the business.

Question 4.
Differentiate the short period and long period.
Answer:
The short-run is the period where some inputs are variable. Another feature is that firms do not enter or exit the industry. The long-run is the period where all the inputs are variable. It is featured by the entry of new firms and the exit of existing firms from the industry.

Question 5.
Name the classification of a production function.
Answer:
Production function may be classified into two.

1. Short-run production function as illustrated by the law of variable proportions.
2. Long-run production function as explained by the laws of returns to scale.

Question 6.
What is an Iso-quant map?
Answer:
An Iso-quant map has different Iso-quant curves representing the different combinations of factors of production, yielding the different levels of output. An Iso-quant map is a family of Iso-quants..

Part – D

Answer the following questions in about a page

Question 1.
What are the characteristics of labour?
Answer:

1. Labour is the animate factor of production.
2. Labour is an active factor of production.
3. Labour implies several types: It may be manual [farmer] or intellectual [teacher, lawyer, etc]
4. Labour is perishable.
5. Labour is inseparable from the labourer.
6. Labour is less mobile between places and occupations.
7. Labour is a means as well as an end. It is both the cause of production and consumer of the product.
8. Labour units are heterogeneous.
9. Labour differs in ability.
10. Labour – supply determines its reward [wage]
11. Labour has weak bargaining power.

Question 2.
Explain the law of supply with a diagram.
Answer:
1. Law of supply:
The Law of supply describes a direct relationship between the price of a good and the supply of that good.

2. Definition:
“Other things remaining the same, if the price of a commodity increases its quantity supplied increases and if the price of a commodity decreases, quantity supplied also decreases”.

3. Supply function:
Q = f (P_x, P_r, P_r T, O, E)
Q_s – Quantity supplied of x commodity
P_x – Price of x commodity
P_r – Price of related goods
P_f – Price of factors of production.
T – Technology
O – Objective of the producer.
E – Expected price of the commodity

Assumptions:

1. There is no change in the prices of factors of production and capital goods.
2. Natural resources, technology, climate, political situations and tax policy remain unchanged.
3. Prices of substitutes are constant.

Supply schedule :
A supply schedule shows the different quantities of supply at different prices

Supply curve:
The quantum supplied is represented on X axis. And the price of the commodity is represent on the Y axis

As the price of the commodity increases, the quantum supplied of the commodity also increases. Thus the supply curve has a positive slope. The points such as e, d, c, b and a on the supply curve SS, represent various quantities of different prices.

Question 3.
Explain the factors determining supply.
Answer:
1. Price of the commodity:
Higher the price larger the supply Price is the incentive for the producers and sellers to supply more.

2. Price of other commodities:
The supply of a commodity not only depends upon its price but also prices of other commodities. For instance if the price of commercial crops increases, the supply of food crops may decrease.

3. Price of factors:
When the input prices go up, this results in rise in cost and so supply will be affected.

4. Price expectations:
The expectation over future prices determines present supply.

5. Technology:
With advancement in technology, production level improves, average cost declines and as a result supply level increases.

6. Natural factors:
In agriculture, natural factors like a monsoon, climate, etc., play a vital role in determining the production level.

7. Discovery of new raw materials:
The discovery of cheaper and high-quality raw materials tends to increase the supply of the product.

8. Taxes and subsidies:
Subsidies encourage the producers to produce more whereas taxes kill the ability and willingness to produce more.

9. The objective of the firm:
When the goal of the firm is sales maximization or improving market share, the supply of the product is likely to be higher.

Question 4.
Explain the characteristics of labour.
Answer:
According to Marshall, labour represents services provided by the factor labour, which helps in yielding an income to the owner of the labour-power.
Characteristics of labour:

1. Labour is the animate factor of production.
2. Labour is an active factor of production.
3. Labour implies several types it may be manual or intellectual.
4. Labour is perishable.
5. Labour is inseparable from the labourer.
6. Labour is less mobile between places and occupations.
7. Labour is a means as well as an end.
8. Labour units are heterogenous.
9. Labour-supply determines its reward.
10. Labour has weak bargaining power.

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Solutions Prose Chapter 5 Convocation Address

Check out the topics covered in Prose Chapter 5 Convocation Address Questions and Answers before you start your preparation. Improve your grammar skills with the help of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf links. The solutions for Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Textbook are prepared by the English experts. So, if you follow Tamilnadu State Board Solutions 11th English Textbook Solutions you can cover all the topics in Prose Chapter 5 Convocation Address Questons and Answers. This helps to improve your communication skills.

The Convocation Address Warm up

A. Work in pairs. Look at the mind map below and add a few other features of democracy you can think of. Share your answers with the class.

• e.g. sharing and caring
• Protecting nature
• Cleaning environment
• Doing one’s duties
• Enjoying freedom of speech

Answer:

• People
• Rights
• Majority
• Voting
• Individualism
• Politics

B. Given below is a list of items or features you find in a good school. Study the list and classify the items as individual and common.

(textbooks – uniform – smart class room – laboratory – competent teachers – library – mid-day meals – blackboard – stationery – play ground – sports equipment-washrooms)

Individual	Common
e.g. textbooks	play ground

Answer:

Individual	Common
e.g. textbooks	play ground
uniform	smart classroom
stationery	library
teachers	laboratory
mid-day meals	washroom
sports equipment	blackboard

C. Who provides these common facilities? Tick the appropriate source.

• Parents
• Educational institutions
• The Department of Education
• Social Service Organizations
• Other agencies

Answer:
The Department of Education provides these common facilities.

D. Discuss this aspect with your partner and share your views on how students can give back to society.

Students can do a lot in generating ideas which could be helpful to the society. Many illiterate people and young children succumb to dengue, malaria and other diseases as they don’t keep their surroundings clean. NSS, Red cross, National Green Corps cadets can run successful campaigns to present the spread of such diseases. Water is the most precious wealth of the nation. People tend to waste it without realizing the sordid and potential threat of “zero water day” in Tamil Nadu if we don’t prevent sand mafia’s from looting river bed sand.

Besides, farmers do not use advanced scientific method to make judicious use of water or water harvesting. As a result, their crops fail along with rainfall. More than double, the quantity of water, we beg from Karnataka goes and ends up in Bay of Bengal. So, students could cite Kajender Singh, a water specialist who made parts of Rajasthan bloom due to water conservation techniques. To popularize water harvesting, judicious use of water and reduce pollution and enhance recycling practices, student community can interact with a community, conduct rallies or campaigns and be proud to be the part of development of the nation.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Convocation Address Textual Questions

A. Based on your reading of the speech, answer the following questions briefly in a sentence or two.

Convocation Address Summary Question 1.
Who does the speaker claim to represent?
Answer:
The speaker wishes to represent some of the cardinal principles enunciated by those who offered to graduates in the past. He remarks that his speech would bear the layman’s point of view to the findings of experts in various fields of education. He promises to annotate the speeches of great educationists for the benefit of the graduates.

The Convocation Address Summary Question 2.
Why are universities necessary for a society?
Answer:
Universities, as the repositories of knowledge and nursing ground for the emissaries of thought wisdom and service, have got a prominent role to play (i.e) to equip graduates to better the society. Universities are necessary to trim, train, guide and lead the youth to the development task. It kindles sweet hopes but demands patience, perseverance, faith and confidence. He should have faith in himself and others. The faith should also be in his inherent ability to shoulder the responsibilities. The universities today have the responsibility to fashion out of the graduate an individual fitted and equipped for the task of making democracy fruitful and effective. So, universities are essential.

The Convocation Address Question And Answer Question 3.
What was the role of scholars and poets in olden days?
Answer:
Scholar and poets adorned the chambers of royalty or the gilded mansions of lords and nobles. Their wisdom was meant for the mansion, not for the market place. Poets and scholars were content to work in secluded spheres. Their work was to weave the costly fabric of philosophy or poetry which, is turn, was to be converted into dazzling garments for the select and the privileged royalty.

Convocation Address Paragraph Question 4.
In what ways have universities improved the society?
Answer:
Universities are the repositories of knowledge and the nursing ground for emissaries of thought, wisdom and service. They equip individuals in the task of bettering society. Universities have infact eschewed monarchy and autocracy and have initiated the era of democracy. Thus universities have helped the society.

Convocation Address By Annadurai Summary Question 5.
Universities develop broad-mindedness. How does Dr. Radhakrishnan drive home this idea?
Answer:
True spirit of democracy can be developed only in universities. A broad – minded person alone can appreciate other’s point of view and adjust ideological differences through discussions. In universities, a lot of opportunities are made available for debates. Friendly discussions provide ample scope for nurturing broad-mindedness of the youth.

Convocation Address Question 6.
What should the youngsters aim in life after their graduation?
Answer:
The youngsters should aim in life after graduation for an aristocracy of achievements arising out of a democracy of opportunities. As youngsters they should aim at toning up the society, bringing light into dark alleys sunshine into dingy places, solace into the afflicted, hope unto the despondent and a new life into every one.

Convocation Address By Annadurai In Tamil Question 7.
How can a graduate give back to his/her society?
Answer:
The graduates are indebted to the society for the higher education. They need to replenish the social chest on which they have drawn largely as students. They can contribute to the society not in terms of material goods. But in terms of quality services, through services the graduates, can confer rich benefit to the humanity.

B. Based on your understanding, answer the following questions in three or four sentences each.

The Convocation Address Theme Question 1.
‘Wisdom was meant for the mansion, not for the market place’ What does this statement signify?
Answer:
During the monarchical or feudal days, universities had to train scholars and poets to adorn the chambers of royalty or the gilded mansions of the lords and nobles. Those were the days when eminent scholars were not asked to confront the problems of the masses. They were content to work in secluded places. So, the speaker says that their wisdom was meant for the mansion and not for the market place.

Convocation Address In Tamil Question 2.
According to the speaker, how should Universities mould the students of the present day?
Answer:
Before asking graduates to do the duties as citizen of a democracy, the university must trim, train, guide and lead him to a task which kindles sweet hopes. It should also demand patience and perseverance from them. Universities should inculcate faith and confidence. Faith should be in the graduates and others to shoulder the responsibilities. The universities today should fashion out of them individuals fitted and equipped for the task of making democracy fruitful and effective.

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 11th English Question 3.
How does Arignar Anna highlight the duties and responsibilities of graduates to the society?
Answer:
The graduates must acquire the means of a decent living. But it should be the only objective. As their education is funded by the tax from poor people, they have on obligation to pay back to the society if not in cash in terms of service. They must bring light into the dark alleys, sunshine into dingy places, solace into the affiliated hope unto the despondent and a new life into every one.

The Convocation Address Meaning In Tamil Question 4.
Students are instilled with some of the essential values and skills by the universities. Enumerate them.
Answer:
Universities instill the values of robust optimism, respect for democracy and appreciation of others point of view. It also develops adjustment of differences through discussion; develop patience, perseverance, confidence, faith in themselves and others. They also instill confidence in their ability to shoulder responsibilities.

Samacheer Kalvi Class 11 English Solutions Question 5.
What are the hindrances a graduate faces in his/her way?
Answer:
The world sometimes dim the hopes of graduates and disturbs their determination. They come face to face with unpleasant kind of practices contrary to their principles. Tyranny of all sorts stare at them. Self-seekers are enthroned and patient workers are decried. People with robust optimism are discouraged. These hindrances are faced by graduates on their way.

C. Answer the following questions, based on your understanding of the speech of Dr. Arignar Annadurai, adding your own ideas, in a paragraph of about 100-150 words.

Class 11 English Prose Chapter 5 Question 1.
How do Universities mould students apart from imparting academic education to them?
Answer:
Universities mould students by providing various opportunities to develop their soft skills and to develop values which would contribute to the process of nation building. They enable graduates to develop patience and perseverance. They help them develop faith in their own inherent ability to shoulder responsibilities. The are oriented to become citizens of democracy and repay to the society quality services which would reform the lives of the poor people.

They develop true spirit of democracy among young graduates. They enable appreciation of others point of view. The graduates are also provided opportunities to adjust with difference through amicable discussions. The universities, apart from imparting education mould the students’ character and personality too.

“The quality of a university is measured more by the kind of student it turns out than the kind it takes in.”

Question 2.
The common men contribute to the maintenance of institutions of higher education. Explain this statement.
Answer:
Higher institutes of learning like universities require a lot of funds for their maintenance. These funds often come from the community’s taxes, through the Government students should remember the fact a good proportion of these funds come from farmers, peasants and coolies who did not enjoy even schooling facilities. These illiterates but cultured men willingly face discomforts to ensure better life for the younger generation. These common men contribute to the development and maintenance of institutes of higher education.

“Every child should have the opportunity to receive a quality education.”

Question 3.
How does the speaker highlight the importance of giving back to the society?
Answer:
The graduates have drawn largely from the social chest. The largest taken from the society needs to be replenished. If graduates fail to pay back, ordinary people’s coffer will be empty. The supervisor’s education enjoins greater responsibility to society. Apart from their own individual advancement, society has got a right to expect an adequate return from the graduates.

The society does not expect them to payback in cash. But they must pay back in terms of service. They should tone up the society by bringing a light into the dark alleys. They should herald sunshine into dingy places. They must give solace to the affiliated people. They should also give hope unto the despondent and thus ensure a new life unto every one.

“We Must stop thinking of the individual and start thinking about what’s best for society. ”

Question 4.
You were one of the fresh graduates at the convocation function of the University. You had the rare privilege of listening to the enlightening speech of Dr. Arignar Anna. Write a letter to your friend describing the core ideas of his speech and the impact of the speech
on you.
Answer:

3rd March, 20xx
My Dear Tim,

I was lucky to be present when Dr. Annadurai gave the convocation Address. Very rarely one gets such a lifetime opportunity. His genius was explicit in his talk. I could see a great leader and his concern for both the educated and unsung heroes fighting to eke out a living. At the out set, he greeted the graduates and thanked Annamalai University for the unique opportunity. His modesty was evident when he admitted that he was not adequately prepared to offer them appropriate guidelines to succeed but, as a layman he could quote and annotate the ideas of experts connected to the field of education. He showered rich encomiums on the universities for being the repositories of thought, wisdom and service. He admired the universities for its role in equipping the youth to better the society.

He compared the universities of feudal days which turned scholars into adornments of the royalty but modem universities which are surely for the market and not for mansions. He explained that universities have a role in preparing the graduates to serve the society apart from earning a decent living for themselves. He advises the graduates not to be daunted by the adverse and demotivating environment but to draw inspiration from Purananooru, our ancient classic and overcome societal obstacles to serve the society in an exemplary manner. He completed his convocation address with the wish ‘May your life be a bright one and may its lustre brighten the entire land’. The words of the great leader is still ringing in my memory.

With love
Your sincere friend
Joe

To
Tim Smith,
12, Sterling Road,
Chennai

Vocabulary

A. Based on your understanding of paragraphs 6 and 7, complete the mind map.

Answer:

B. Words belonging to different semantic field.

Question 1.
Now, read the following statements taken from Arignar Anna’s address:
Answer:
‘The role of the universities today is not cloistered and confined as in the past.
The highlighted word ‘universities’ is used in the field of education. Find other words pertaining to the field of education from the speech of Anna.
Graduate, convocation, theories, principles, annotations, point of view, experts, finding, knowledge, thought, wisdom, service, higher education, guide, lead.

C. Look at the following words and classify them according to their fields.

Clinical, orthopaedic, dividend, operations, fertile, Carnatic, diagnostics, industries, keyboard, hacker, desktop, vocal, cultivation, organic, unplugged, disease, harvest, livestock, mother board, investment, internet, proxy, recycle bin, orchestra, trade, hip-hop, uprooting, guitar, cure, contracts

Music
Agriculture
Computer
Commerce
Medicine

Answer:

Music	Caranatic Orchestra	Key board Hip hop	Vocal Guitar
Agriculture	Fertile Livestock	Cultivation Harvesting	Organic Up rooting
Computer	Internet Motherboard	Recycle bin Hacker	Desktop Proxy
Commerce	Trade contracts	Investment Divided	Industries
Medicine	Cure Dignostics	Orthopaedic Clinical	Opetations Disease

D. Words with different functions

Now, choose the appropriate words to complete the sentences. The first one is done for you.

(frame, guide, book, play, print, plan)

Question 1.
a. We usually _____ tickets for movies in advance.
b. Thirukkural is my favourite _____
Answer:
(a) book
(b) book

Question 2.
a. The _____ of the photo is broken.
b.We _____ questions on all topics.
Answer:
(a) frame
(b) frame

Question 3.
a. My teachers _____ me towards the path of success.
b. The tourist _____ explained the historical importance of the site.
Answer:
(a) guide
(b) guide

Question 4.
a. We enacted a humorous _____ in our school function.
b. The children _____ in the ground every afternoon.
Answer:
(a) play
(b) play

Question 5.
a. My _____ worked out well.
b. We should _____ our work well in advance.
Answer:
(a) plan
(b) plan

Question 6.
a. The _____ is not clear; we cannot read the sentences.
b.We _____ wedding cards here.
Answer:
(a) print
(b) print

E. A belief, attitude, theory, etc. that is referred to by a word ends with the suffix ‘-ism’. Here is a sentence from the speech of Dr. Annadurai: ‘I admit that the environment is such that even people with robust optimism will be discouraged and forced to take to the path of ease and comfort’.

The meaning of the word ‘optimism’ is the hopeful feeling that all is going to turn out well’. Match the ‘ism’ words with the appropriate meanings.

S.No.	Meanings	Words
I.	e.g. love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it	patriotism
2.	a brutal barbarous, savage act	nationalism
3.	the doctrine that your country’s interests are superior	egocentrism
4.	participating in sports as a hobby rather than for money	feminism
5.	belief that the best possible concepts should be pursued	criticism
6.	a serious examination and judgment of something	amateurism
7.	habitual failure to be present at work	barbarism
8.	a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women	idealism
9.	concern for your own interests and welfare	heroism
10.	exceptional courage when facing danger	absenteeism

Answer:

1. patriotism
2. barbarism
3. nationalism
4. amateurism
5. idealism
6. criticism
7. absenteeism
8. feminism
9. egocentrism
10. heroism

Listening Activity

Listen to the information about Vishalini and complete her profile with suitable words/ phrases.

(For listening to the passage refer to our website www.fullcircleeducation.in)

Born in Tirunelveli, a small city of Tamil Nadu, in a middle class family, Vishalini is no different from other children of her age who love watching cartoons, riding bicycles and playing games; however, her IQ and intelligence is not of an average 11 -year-old girl. She is a child prodigy blessed with exceptional computer and analytical skills. According to reports, her IQ stands at 225, which is considerably higher than the previous Guinness World Record holder, Kim Ung-Yong, whose IQ is approximately 210. Vishalini’s wonderful accomplishments include the Microsoft Certified Professional and Cisco Certified Network Associate.

Vishalini holds the unique pride of addressing various International conferences as a Chief Guest and Key note Speaker in the presence of delegates from various countries when she was an 11 year old child. At the Google India Summit held in New Delhi, the international delegates from about 75 countries were astonished and astounded at Vishalini’s keynote address on ‘Cloud Computing in Google Apps for Education’. There she was also honoured as “The Youngest Google Speaker”. She is the recipient of five International awards. Vishalini, the pride of Tamil nadu, is undoubtedly a wonder girl.

Vishalini, hailing from (1) ________ in Tamilnadu is (2) ________ years old. She is endowed with an outstanding (3) ________ and (4) ________ skills. Her IQ is (5) ________ higher than the previous score of (6) ________ She has been the (7) ________ speaker in International conferences. At the Google India Summit, she was honoured as the youngest (8) ________ She is the recipient of (9) ________ international awards. This child prodigy is considered a (10) ________ girl.
Answer:

1. Tirunelveli
2. 11
3. computer
4. analytical
5. 225
6. Kim-ungyoug
7. keynote
8. Google speaker
9. five
10. wonder

Speaking Activity

Prepare a formal five minute speech on the topic ‘The Importance of Education’ and deliver it at your School Assembly.

The importance of Education:

Good morning to one and all. Respected principal, teachers and my dear friends, I stand before you to speak my views on “The importance of education”. Education gives people the capacity to reason out and choose the best course of action for themselves. It gives them the necessary skills to earn a living. They often can invest the capital gained in schools and colleges to start industries or farms which can offer employment opportunities to their less fortunate kinsmen. Only educated folks can generate awareness among the masses against population explosion, pollution, and promote water harvesting practices to sustain life on earth. Those who are educated in the real sense have a passion for the upliftment of the society. They always look for ways to repay the society which invested in their education.

They employ various strategies to enhance the quality or standard of living of laymen. Education teaches young men and women to accept different points of view without coming to blows. It provides them the capacity to appreciate the points of views of others and tolerate differences. Education develops the values of democracy, patience and perseverance and also the soft skills required to face challenges in life. Immortal poet Thiruvalluvar said, “Those who are educated have vision and the rest have two sores in the place of eyes. So, I conclude, education is important for all of us. I thank you all for the unique opportunity given to me to share my ideas on the importance of education.

Reading

Have you heard of Open Letters?
An open letter is a letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience, or a letter intended for ‘ an individual, but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally through newspapers and other media, such as a letter to the editor or a blog.

Sociologists, scholars, anthropologists and historians have written open letters. Letters patent are another form of open letter in which a legal document is both mailed to a person by the government and publicized so that all are made aware of it. Open letters can also be addressed directly to a group rather than any individual.

Reading such letters will also help to improve your vocabulary. Here are some easy ways to improve and expand your vocabulary.

• Read as much as you can. As you read, try to understand the meaning of new words from the context or by referring to a dictionary.
• When you refer to a dictionary, leam the pronunciation, meaning, synonyms, antonyms and derivatives of the word.
• Note down the new words you leam for future reference.
• Make it a habit to leam one new word a day.
• Play word games such as word search, crossword, scrabble etc. to expand your vocabulary.
• Listen to conversations, leam and discover new words and then start using them.

The following is a letter by Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore to Mahatma Gandhi. Follow the diction, fluency and style of the great Indian writer who has contributed excellent writings to Indian Literature. You can improve your vocabulary by familiarising some of the words used in the letter using a dictionary.

Gandhi Letter 23A: From Rabindranath Tagore
Shanti Niketan,

April 12, 1919.

Dear Mahatmaji,
Power in all its forms is irrational – it is like the horse that drags the carriage blindfolded. The moral element in it is only represented in the man who drives the horse. Passive resistance, a force which is not necessarily moral in itself, can be used against truth as well as for it. The danger inherent in all force grows stronger when it is likely to gain success, for then it becomes temptation. I know your teaching is to fight against evil by the help of the good. But such a fight is for heroes and not for men led by impulses of the moment. Evil on one side naturally begets evil on the other, injustice leading to violence and insult to vengefulness.

Unfortunately, such a force has already been started, and either through panic or through wrath our authorities have shown us the claws, whose sure effect is to drive some of us into the secret path of resentment and others into utter demoralization. In this crisis you, as a great leader of men, have stood among us to proclaim your faith in the ideal which you know to be that of India, the ideal which is both against the cowardliness of hidden revenge and the cowed submissiveness of the terror-stricken…

I have always felt, and said accordingly, that the great gift of freedom can never come to a people through charity. We must win it before we can own it. And India’s opportunity for winning it will come to her when she can prove that she is morally superior to the people who rule her by their right of conquest. Armed with her utter faith in goodness she must stand unabashed before the arrogance that scoffs at the power of spirit. And you have come to your motherland in the time of her need to remind her of her mission, to lead her in the true path of conquest, to purge her present day politics of its feebleness which imagines that it has gained its purpose when it struts in the borrowed feathers of diplomatic dishonesty.

This is why I pray most fervently that nothing that tends to weaken our spiritual freedom may intrude into your marching line, that martyrdom for the cause of truth may never degenerate into fanaticism for mere verbal forms, descending into the self-deception that hides itself behind sacred names. With these few words for an introduction allow me to offer the following as a poet’s contribution to your noble work:

Give me the supreme courage of love,
this is my prayer,
the courage to speak,
to do, to suffer at thy will,
to leave all things or be left alone.

Give me the supreme faith of love,
this is my prayer,
the faith of the life in death,
of the victory in defeat,
of the power hidden in the frailness of beauty,
of the dignity of pain that accepts hurt,
but disdains to return it.

Very sincerely yours,
Rabindranath Tagore

A. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who according to Gandhi, can light against evil and how?
Answer:
One can fight against evil with the help of good. Such a fight is led by heroes like Gandhi himself.

 

Question 2.
What is Gandhiji’s ideal?
Answer:
Gandhi’s ideal is to observe passive resistence against the cowardlines of hidden revenge and the cowed submissiveness of terror.

Question 3.
According to Tagore, when will India get the opportunity to win the gift of freedom?
Answer:
According to Tagore, India’s opportunity of winning freedom will come to her when she can prove that she is morally superior to the people who rule by the right of conquest.

Question 4.
How does Tagore acknowledge Gandhi’s noble work?
Answer:
Tagore acknowledges the noble work of Gandhi in his poem. He appreciates the moral courage he had instilled in Indians to suffer at his will. He appreciates the faith of love, faith of life in death, of the victory in defeat, of the power hidden in the frailness of beauty, and of the dignity of pain that accepts hurt but disdains to return it.

Question 5.
Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following.
(a) a malevolent desire for revenge (para 1)
(b) tactful (para 2)
(c) despise (para 3)
Answer:
(a) vengefulness
(b) diplomatic
(c) disdain

Question 6.
Find words from the passage which are antonyms of the following.
(a) artificially (para 1)
(b) strength (para 2)
Answer:
(a) naturally
(b) feebleness

Grammar

A. Report the following dialogue.

Prabhu : What are you doing here, Kiran? I haven’t seen you for a few months.
Kiran : I have just come back from my native town Virudhunagar.
Prabhu : Did you enjoy your vacation?
Kiran : Yes. I love the place. It is a clean and busy town.
Prabhu : Where did you go and what did you see?
Kiran : I went to Courtallam falls in Tenkasi.
Prabhu : Share some pictures of your trip.
Kiran : Sure. See you later.

Answer:

Prabhu asked Kiran what she was’doing there and said that he hadn’t seen her for a few months. Kiran replied that she had just come back from her native town Virudhunagar. Prabhu asked her if she had enjoyed her vacation. Kiran, replied affirmatively and added that she loved the place and it was a clean and busy town. Prabhu further required her where she had gone and what she had seen. Kiran replied that she had gone to Courtallam falls in Tenkasi. Prabhu requested her to share some of the pictures of her trip. Kiran agreed and bade farewell to him.

B. Virat Kohli, the Man of the match and Man of the Series in the one-day International series between India and South Africa February 2018 had this to say during the post match presentation. India won the match by 8 wickets and won the series by 5 – 1, a historic win against South Africa in their home soil.

Rewrite his words in Reported Speech.

 

Question 1.
“It was a day I felt really good. Last game, I was not in the right kind of mindset. This is a beautiful place to bat under lights. That’s the idea behind bowling first. I like setting up for the short ball. It was a blessing in disguise, and they kept bowling short. I think the pitch got better to bat on under lights! It has been a roller coaster till now. People who are close to me deserve a lot of credit. Obviously, you want to lead from the front, and that’s a wonderful feeling.

I have got eight or nine years left in my career and I want to make the most of every day. It’s a blessing that I am healthy and getting to captain my country. They have shown great character – especially the two young spinners. The way the series went augurs well for us. We’re looking forward to the T20s. The tour is not over yet. After losing the Test series, I am talking to you. I am here talking to you after winning the ODI series.”

Answer:

lt was a day Kohli had felt really good. The previous game he was not in the right mindset. It was a beautiful place to bat under lights. That was the idea behind bowling first. He liked setting up for a short ball. It had been a blessing in disguise and they had kept bowling short. He thought that the pitch got better to bat on under lights. It had been a roller coaster till then. People who were close to him deserved a lot of credit. Obviously one would want to lead from the front and that was a wonderful feeling.

He had got eight or nine years left in his career and he wanted to make the most of it. It was a blessing that he was healthy and got to captain his country. They had shown great character, especially the two young spinners. The way the series had gone augured well for them. They were looking forward to the T20s. The tour was, not over yet. After having lost the test series, he had been talking to them. He was there talking to them after winning the ODI series.

C. Read the given passages and rewrite them in direct speech.

Question 1.
The cyclist warned the driver not to move his car till the police arrived. The driver pleaded that it was not his fault; he was ready to pay a hundred rupees to repair the damaged cycle. The cyclist refused the money and insisted that the police be called.
Answer:
The cyclist : Don’t move your car till the police arrives.
Car driver : Sir, it is not my fault. I’m ready to pay hundred rupees for repairing the damaged cycle.
The cyclist: I don’t want the money. I want to call the police

Question 2.
The striking workers demanded an increase in salary and asked for the withdrawal of all cases. They threatened to continue the strike if the demands were not met. The manager insisted on them calling off the strike and invited them for a discussion. He agreed to listen to their demands
Answer:
Workers : We demanded an increase in salary to withdraw all the cases.
Manager : Call off the strike
Workers : If our demands are not met, we will continue the strike.
Manager : I am willing to look into your demands, please come for a discussion.

Writing

Question 1.

Question (a)
Write an e-mail to your uncle thanking him for the gift that he had sent from abroad.
Answer:

From: philip2001@gmail.com
To: vasanthan@gmail.com
Sub: Thanks a lot for the gift!
Dear uncle,

I’m fine and I hope my e-mail finds you in robust health. Your gift exactly on my birthday was a bolt from the blue. You had remembered the promise you had made three months ago and sent a marvellous Lap Top. It is light but very cool. I am really proud of you. I pray God that you get more success in your business venture abroad and help other helpless ’

children too.
Yours lovingly
S. Philip

Question (b)
Write an e-mail to a charitable trust requesting for a scholarship.
Answer:

From: ritikal23@gmail.com
To: palamtrust@gmail.com
Sub: Seeking scholarship

Dear Sir,
I am Ritika about to complete my Std XI in Government Higher Secondary School, Nandhivaran. My father, the only bread winner, got hurt in an accident. He was working in a private firm. My mom is a home maker. I am at cross roads now. My mom has taken my dad to Nagerkoil. I need to stay in a ladies’s hostel to continue my studies. Could you please consider my request favourably and release a scholarship till I complete my XII public exam – successfully. I hope to avail a Bank loan after I get my results.
Awaiting your favourable reply,

Yours sincerely,
S. Ritika
XI-BGGHSS,
Nandhivaran
Kanchipuram Dt.

Formal Letters

1. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about the need to wear seat belts while driving. 18.03.2019 Virudhu Nagar

From
M. Kamaraj,
18, Anna Street,
Kabilan avenue,
Virudhu Nagar

To
The Editor in Chief,
The Hindu, .
Mount Road Chennai Dear sir,

Sub: Importance of seat belts
I’m M. Kamaraj living in Virudhunagar. I have been reading everyday about road accidents. Though the law enforcing officers are making appeals to all car drivers to wear seat-belt, very few do it. It is because cheap car engines start even when the driver has not attached the seat belt. Technically, advanced cars which are above 10 lakhs are better designed and wouldn’t budge if the driver doesn’t wear the seat-belt. Such cars have additional safety mechanism such as air-pillows that prevent serious injuries in case of accidents. But the cheap cars crash and kill not only the drivers but also their loved ones.

Thrill kills! Government of India should insists on air-bags and technical viability of connecting seat belt to ignition point in a car to ensure safety of all drivers of cars irrespective of the cost of the cars. I request you to publish this in all your city editions including that of Delhi. This may influence the Transport Minister of Government of India to take positive action on this.

Thank you,
Yours sincerely,
M. Kamaraj

To
The Editor in Chief
The Hindu
Mount Road, Chennai

2. Write a letter to the commissioner of the corporation complaining about the sanitary conditions of the street in your locality.

18.03.2019
Madurai

From
K. Lavanya MIG 14, Anna St,
Amma Colony, Shanthi nagar Madurai

To
The Commissioner
Corporation of Madurai
Madurai -2
Sir,

Sub: Deteriorating sanitary conditions – complaint I wish to submit the following painful facts for your consideration and immediate action. There are four big garbage bins kept in my street. For the past three weeks, your corporation vehicles have not come to clear the garbage. Now dust bins are overflowing. People are throwing garbage around the garbage bins. But the stench arising out of the accumulated garbage is nauseating. I’m really worried that some serious diseases may break out. Dengue is still causing anxiety among the residents of Madurai as it has already taken a toll of seven babies, two young boys and three old men. Please instruct your officers to send vehicles immediately to collect the garbage and send your sanitary inspectors to sprinkle/spray disinfectants to ensure the prevention of infectious diseases like cholera too.

Thanking you in anticipation
Yours truly,
K. Lavanya

To
The Commissioner ,
Corporation of Madurai
Madurai -2

3. Write a letter to a sports company ordering sports items for the Physical Education Department of your school.

15.7.2018
Alanganallur
From

M. Jothi,
Sports Secretary,
Government Girl HSS,
Alanganallur-625501

To
The Manager,
M.J. Sports Company,
Goodshed Street,
Trichy-1
Sir,
Sub: Ordering sports goods
We propose to organize Inter-school sports contest in November. We like to buy the following sports materials from you. Please send us the price of the items with the discount, you usually give for school. On delivery, we shall send the money by RTGS. Kindly send your bank account details and reply by e.mail to sportsfest2018@gmail.com Materials required

Kindly send the mail with your estimated price inclusive of transportation and GST. Looking forward to your prompt response.
With warm regards Yours sincerely
M. Jothi

To
The Manager,
M.J. Sports Company,
Goodshed Street,
Trichy-1

4. Write a letter to the Chief Reservation supervisor of Railways requesting him to grant concession for your educational tour.

10.07.2018
Nanguneri
From

M. Prabu,
SPL.GHSS.
Nanguneri.

To
The Chief Reservation Supervisor,
Southern Railways,
Thirunelveli.

Sir,
Sub: GHSS- Educational tour to Bangalore requesting to grant concession – Reg.
I am M. Prabu studying in XI-D section. I am the school pupil leader. I’ve been asked by my school Headmaster to work out the cost for our educational tour to Bangalore. A team of eighty students intend to go the Bangalore in the month November. Could I request you to consider extending us concession? Please let us know either through a reply letter or by mail what would be the cost of all 80 tickets (to and fro) and the dates ideal for us to travel. We intend to stay in Bangalore for two days. Kindly check the availability in the 3rd week. If possible could you please request authorities to allot two bogies for us exclusively both ways. I have enclosed the name list of the students for your kind consideration. My e.mail id is splngi@gmail.com. An early reply will help me collect the money and meet you to book our onward and return journey.

Thank you,
Yours sincerely,
M. Prabu

To
The Chief Reservation Supervisor,
Southern Railways,
Thirunelveli.

5. Write a letter to the curator of the museum seeking permission for a school visit.

17.06.2018
Thindivanam

From
M. Padmavathy Class leader,
XI-C section,
GGHSS,
Thindivanam

To
The curator,
Museum
Egmore
Chennai

Sir,
Sub: GGHSS – Thindivanam seeking permission to visit museum – Reg.
A team of SO students wish to visit your museum on 17.08.2018. We will be coming in two buses. Kindly arrange a guide who can detail each exhibit with its relevance to Indian culture and Tamil History. I leam that curators can help children understand the importance of every exhibit in the museum and effortlessly relate it to the age it belongs to and its relevance to modem times. Could I request you to grant us permission to visit the museum on 17.08.2018 and get the benefit of your expert guidance and a well-experienced guide who can explain things well in Tamil.

Thank you,
Yours sincerely,
M. Padmavathy.

To
The curator,
Museum, Egmore
Chennai

Task:

(a) Respond to the following advertisements.

Classified Advertisement

WANTED 100 part-time Graphic Artists
Experienced in Photoshop and Indesign-
Salary negotiable. Apply to: MM Graphics,
Triplicane, Chennai – 5 or Mail your Resume to mmg@xmail.com
Answer:
From: parveenl996@gmail.com
To: mmg@xmail.com
Sub: Applying for part – time graphic artist
Dear Sir,

With reference to your advertisement in The Hindu for the post of 100 – part time Graphic Artist with experience in Photoshop and Indesign. I hereby wish to apply for the same.

I am doing my second year B.Sc. (Computer science) in SIEVT college as a part time student from 4 to 9 p.m. Thereby I am free in the morning from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. I have a working knowledge too of Photoshop and Indesign. I have also completed a crash course CSC. Please find enclosed my resume for your kind perusal.

Resume

Name : A. Parveen
Father’s Name : K. Akbar
Date of birth : 02.04.1988
Language known : English, Hindi, Urdu & Tamil
Qualification : BSC II year, CSC (Doing) SSLC : 450/500 in Nirmala Girls Hr. Sec School, Triplicane in 2014 HSC : 1100/1200 in Nirmala Girls Hr. Sec school Triplicane in 2016
Technical Qualification : 3 months crash course Indesign in 2015-16 3 months crash course in Photoshop in 2016-17
Salary Expected : Rs. 12000/- P.M
Address For communication : A. Parveen D/o. Akbar No. 18, Pallivasal Street, Triplicane Chennai. Email Id: parveenl988@gmail.com

Awaiting your e-mail
Yours sincerely,
A. Parveen

 

b. Block Advertisement

Female IELTS Teachers Required
Postgraduates in English with a minimum
of 3 years experience.
Must be bold and confident
Good salary, transport and food allowance
provided, Apply to:
Arv Institute of Languages,
149B, Bose Road, Coimbatore
Ph: 98400 XXXXX
Email: arvbe@ymail.com

From: sugunal990@gmail.com
To: arvbe@gmail.com
Sub: Applying for the post of IELTS teachers- Reg.

Sir

I am glad to learn that you have a position to handle IELTS Class. I got through IELT courses way back in 2015. I’ve been working as a language teacher in Millennium school near Airport. Though I am getting a decent salary, I wish to switch over to training. Training youngsters whose ambitions are sky high is thrilling. Teaching English to adults is my forte. I’ve already been a trainer in British council for a year. I’ve enclosed photo copies of my credentials for your reference. Send you call letter to sugunal990@gmail.com. Looking forward to meeting you.

Yours sincerely,
K. Suguna.

Encl:
1. Resume
2. Photo copies of certificates

Resume

Name : K. Suguna
Date of birth : 03.03.1990
Address : No. 18, Kamban Street,
Ambattur,
Chennai.
Qualification : B.Ed -Teacher Education University 2015-2016 – 55%
MA English – University of Madras 2013-2014 – 60%
B.A. English – Women’s Christian College
Nungambakkam 2012-2013-58%
HSC – Presidency girls HSS Egmore 2008-09 – 80%
SSLC – Presidency girls HSS Egmore 2005-06 — 88%
Experience : Millennium school Alandur since June 2016
Salary drawn : Rs.20,000/- PM
Salary Expected : Rs. 30,000/-PM
Address For communication : sugunal990@gamil.com

Declaration
The details furnished above is true letter.to my knowledge. Looking forward to receiving your call letter
Date: 14.04.20xx
Location: XYZ

x x x x
Signature of the Candidate

Convocation Address About the Author

Dr. Conjccvaram Natarajan Annadurai (15 September 1909 – 3 February 1969), popularly called Arignar Anna was an Indian politician who served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (1967 – 69). He was a great orator and an acclaimed writer in Tamil. Jawaharlal Nehru hailed him as one of the greatest parliamentarians. He has published several novels, short stories and plays whicli incorporate political and social themes. C.N. Annadurai was awarded the C’hubb Fellowship at Yale University, the first non-American to receive this honour. The same year he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Annamalai University.

Convocation Address Summary

Societal development happens only through the hard work of many unsung heroes. Those who develop their potential by drawing on the resources of the society need to pay back after they graduate. Dr. C. M. Annadurai conveyed his gratitude for inviting him to deliver the Convocation Address at Annamalai University in 1967. He wished the fresh graduates a prosperous future. He accepted that is was difficult to provide them with appropriate guidelines to success in life. However, he shared cardinal principles enunciated by those eminent scholars who had done so earlier. He chose to replay those ideas as a common man as he interpreted them without any sophistication of language. Universities in the past gave access to scholars and poets to adorn the chambers of royalty.

They were for royal mansion and not for market place. Today universities have the responsibility to fashion out of every individual fitted and equipped for the task of making democracy fruitful and effective. According to Dr. Radhakrishnan, “Universities ensure the democratic way of life for the future generations.” Though earning a decent living is an important objective, it shouldn’t be the only objective. The university graduate should feel indebted to the community. Universities are sustained by the revenue paid by peasants and poor people. Unless graduates replenish the social chest, it will become an empty offer.

The speaker was quite aware of the social challenges the graduates might face. He advised them to emulate men and woman endowed with the spirit of service and carry on the crusade against poverty and other social ills. He was hopeful that Tamils, being the inheritors of a great culture will have the strength to over come social challenges and serve the society to the best of their abilities. He wished that they were bound to win and brighten the entire land.

Convocation Address Glossary

Textual:
autocracy – government by one ruler
cloistered – restricted
conferred – granted a title, degree, benefit or right
confronting – aggressively resisting
crusade – campaign for a good cause/holy war
despondent – depressed, frustrated
emissaries – deputies
endowed – gifted
enunciated – spoke clearly
eschewed – have nothing to do with
feudal – having to do with the Middle Ages, old
indebted – obliged to repay
inherent – inborn
inheritors – successors
lustre – glow of reflected light
perils – dangers and risks
perseverance – continued effort, steadfastness
reiterate – say or do again
replenish – refill
repositories – storehouses
ruggedness – strength, toughness
secluded spheres – isolated areas
sermons – speeches on moral subjects
tillers – persons who produce crops / raise animals, cultivators
toilers – workers, people who perform

 

Additional:
appropriate – suitable
cardinal (adj) – most important
concern -worry
eminent – famous
emulate – follow
gratitude – thanks
indebted – bound
peasant – poor farmers
prosperous -rich
responsibility – obligation
sophistication – refinement

Convocation Address Synonyms

Choose the correct synonyms from the options given below. (Exam model)

Question 1.
A student embarks on a career after graduation.
(a) rupture
(b) begins
(c) completes
(d) summons
Answer:
(b) begins

Question 2.
The society has cradled and nurtured every graduate.
(a) sowed
(b) protected
(c) irrigated
(d) annoyed
Answer:
(b) protected

Question 3.
Graduation is the apt time to give back to the society.
(a) misfit
(b) appropriate
(c) irrelevant
(d) ineligible
Answer:
(b) appropriate

Question 4.
I am thankful for the unique honour.
(a) common
(b) special/unusual
(c) drab
(d) conventional
Answer:
(b) special/unusual

Question 5.
This Institution has conferred on me honour.
(a) fielded
(b) granted
(c) defied
(d) withdraw
Answer:
(b) granted

Question 6.
I shall only reiterate some of the cardinal principles.
(a) repeat/say or do again
(b) suspend
(c) reexamine
(d) reciprocate
Answer:
(a) repeat/say or do again

 

Question 7.
Wise men have enunciated those principles in the past.
(a) beat about the bush
(b) confused
(c) asserted
(d) spoke harshly
Answer:
(c) asserted

Question 8.
I do claim to represent him in all his ruggedness.
(a) meekness
(b) weakness
(c) toughness
(d) feebleness
Answer:
(c) toughness

Question 9.
Universities are repositories of knowledge.
(a) rented houses
(b) own houses
(c) storehouses
(d) leased houses
Answer:
(c) storehouses

Question 10.
Universities are the nursing ground for the emissaries of thought.
(a) admirably
(b) adversary
(c) foe
(d) ambassador/deputies
Answer:
(d) ambassador/deputies

Question 11.
We have eschewed monarchy.
(a) embraced
(b) accepted
(c) avoided
(d) relinquished
Answer:
(c) avoided

Question 12.
We have stayed away from autocracy.
(a) dictatorship
(b) militarism
(c) mobs
(d) royalist
Answer:
(a) dictatorship

Question 13.
We have inaugurated the era of democracy.
(a) Self-government
(b) Monarchy
(c) Bureaucracy
(d) Autocracy
Answer:
(a) Self-government

Question 14.
During the feudal days, universities were different.
(a) old/middle ages
(b) recent
(c) future
(d) modem
Answer:
(a) old/middle ages

Question 15.
Eminent scholars were not asked to confront problems of the masses.
(a) face/resist
(b) accept
(c) cowed down
(d) brow beaten
Answer:
(a) face/resist

Question 16.
They were content to work in secluded spheres.
(a) isolated
(b) swarmed
(c) crowded
(d) mobbed/congested
Answer:
(a) isolated

Question 17.
University today is not cloistered.
(a) liberated
(b) restricted
(c) limitless
(d) infinite
Answer:
(b) restricted

Question 18.
The task demands patience and perseverance.
(a) low effort
(b) persistence
(c) high loss
(d) heavy loss
Answer:
(b) persistence

 

Question 19.
Graduates should have faith in their inherent ability to shoulder responsibility.
(a) cultivated
(b) artificial
(c) inborn
(d) nurtured
Answer:
(c) inborn

Question 20.
Their philosophy was turned into dazzling garment for the privileged.
(a) lack luster
(b) gloomy
(c) glaring
(d) dim
Answer:
(c) glaring

Question 21.
The immediate concern of every individual is to acquire the means for a decent living.
(a) kindness
(b) worry
(c) indifference
(d) love
Answer:
(b) worry

Question 22.
You are deeply indebted to the community.
(a) thankless
(b) grateful
(c) loud
(d) quiet
Answer:
(b) grateful

Question 23.
That revenue comes from tillers of the soil.
(a) manufactures
(b) farmers
(c) pollutants
(d) wasters
Answer:
(b) farmers

Question 24.
The toilers did not enjoy this privilege.
(a) bosses
(b) workers
(c) kings
(d) leaders
Answer:
(b) workers

Question 25.
You should replenish it.
(a) exhaust
(b) refill
(c) consume
(d) deplete
Answer:
(b) refill

Question 26.
You must return hope unto the despondent.
(a) empowered
(b) rejoiced
(c) depressed/frustrated
(d) energized
Answer:
(c) depressed/frustrated

Question 27.
The world will disturb your determination.
(a) instability
(b) laziness
(c) uncertainty
(d) firmness
Answer:
(d) firmness

Question 28.
The sermons would become sweet nothings. .
(a) doctrines
(b) poems
(c) dramas
(d) debates
Answer:
(a) doctrines

Question 29.
Tvranny of all sorts may stare at you.
(a) kindness
(b) autocracy
(c) love
(d) happiness
Answer:
(b) autocracy

 

Question 30.
A continuous stream of men and women are endowed with the spirit of service.
(a) narrated
(b) gifted
(c) withdrew
(d) submitted
Answer:
(b) gifted

Question 31.
These service-minded people have been carrying on the crusade successfully.
(a) campaign fight
(b) killing
(c) campaign
(d) strike
Answer:
(c) campaign

Question 32.
Tamil are the inheritors of the rich legacy of culture.
(a) proprietors
(b) owners
(c) successors/heirs
(d) legacy
Answer:
(c) successors/heirs

Question 33.
The legacy of culture enables us to overcome even the adverse environment.
(a) bequest
(b) curse
(c) bane
(d) perdition
Answer:
(a) bequest

Question 34.
You are adequately equipped.
(a) legitimately
(b) aptly
(c) sufficiently
(d) legibility
Answer:
(c) sufficiently

Question 35.
I am confident that you are being sent into the wide world.
(a) despondent
(b) hopeful
(c) desperate
(d) annoyed
Answer:
(b) hopeful

Convocation Address Antonyms

Choose the most appropriate antonyms for the underlined words. (Exam model)

Question 1.
A qualified student embarks on his career.
(a) boards
(b) lands/disembarks
(c) climbs
(d) takes off
Answer:
(b) lands/disembarks

Question 2.
The society has nurtured the graduates.
(a) caned
(b) protected
(c) contemplated
(d) neglected
Answer:
(d) neglected

Question 3.
I intend to reiterate some of the cardinal principles enunciated by educational experts.
(a) spoken vividly
(b) faltered
(c) delivered
(d) articulated
Answer:
(b) faltered

Question 4.
I do represent him in all ruggedness.
(a) toughness
(b) tenderness
(c) strength
(d) might
Answer:
(b) tenderness

Question 5.
We have eschewed monarchy.
(a) avoided
(b) disturbed
(c) embraced
(d) dodge
Answer:
(c) embraced

 

Question 6.
It requires individual responsibility.
(a) personal
(b) modem
(c) classical
(d) empty
Answer:
(d) empty

Question 7.
It is the immediate concern of every individual.
(a) worry
(b) apprehension
(c) indifference
(d) anxiety
Answer:
(c) indifference

Question 8.
You are deeply indebted to the society.
(a) grateful
(b) thankful
(c) obliged
(d) unbliged
Answer:
(d) unbliged

Question 9.
You need to replenish the social chest.
(a) fill
(b) refill
(c) require
(d) empty
Answer:
(d) empty

Question 10.
Turn the despondent into optimistic citizens.
(a) desperate
(b) frustrated
(c) hopeless
(d) hopeless
Answer:
(d) hopeless

Question 11.
You are adequately equipped.
(a) sufficiently
(b) inadequately / insufficiently
(c) enough
(d) required
Answer:
(b) inadequately / insufficiently

Question 12.
They were content to work in secluded spheres.
(a) isolated
(b) congested
(c) interior
(d) inaccessible
Answer:
(b) congested

Question 13.
It is not just material advancement.
(a) progress
(b) backwardness
(c) development
(d) refinement
Answer:
(b) backwardness

Question 14.
In feudal days universities were different.
(a) old
(b) middle
(c) ancient
(d) modem
Answer:
(d) modem

Question 15.
Their wisdom meant for the selected was privileged.
(a) knowledge
(b) information
(c) intelligence
(d) foolishness
Answer:
(d) foolishness

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of 11th English to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Prose Chapter 5 Convocation Address Questions and Answers in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Sets Ex 1.4

11th Maths Exercise 1.4 Solutions Question 1.
For the curve y = x³ given in Figure, draw
(i) r = -x³
(ii) y = x³ + 1
(iii) y = x³ – 1
(iv) y = (x + 1)³ with the same scale.





Solution:
(i) It is the reflection on y axis
(ii) The graph of y = x³ + 1 is shifted upward to 1 unit.
(iii) The graph of y = x³ – 1 is shifted downward to 1 unit.
(iv) The graph of y = (x + 1)³ is shifted to the left for 1 unit.

11th Maths Exercise 1.4 Answers Question 2.

Solution:

11th Maths Exercise 1.4 Question 3.
Graph the functions f(x) = x³ and g(x) = \(\sqrt[3]{x}\) on the same coordinate plane. Find fog and graph it on the plane as well. Explain your results.
Solution:

Exercise 1.4 Class 11 Maths Solutions Question 4.
Write the steps to obtain the graph of the function y = 3(x – 1)² + 5 from the graph y = x².
Solution:
Draw the graph of y = x²
To get y = (x – 1)² we have to shift the curve 1 unit to the right.
Then we have to draw the curve y = 3(x – 1)² and finally we have to draw y = 3(x – 1)² + 5

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 11th Maths Question 5.
From the curve y = sin x, graph the functions
(i) y = sin(-x)
(ii) y = -sin(-x)
(iii) y = sin (\(\frac{\pi}{2}\) + x) which is cos x
(iv) y = sin (\(\frac{\pi}{2}\) – x) which is also cos x (refer trigonometry)
Solution:
First we have to draw the curve y = sin x

(i) y = sin (-x) = – sin x = f(x)

(ii) y = -sin(-x) = -[-sin x] = sin x

Maths Solution Class 11 Samacheer Kalvi Question 6.
From the curve y = x, draw
(i) y = -x
(ii) y = 2x
(iii) y = x + 1
(iv) y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 1
(v) 2x + y + 3 = 0. 2
Solution:
y = x

(i) y = -x

(ii) y = 2x


y = 2x the graph moves away the x-axis, as multiplying factor is 2 which is greater than one.

(iii) y = 2x + 1

(iv) y = 1/2x + 1


y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)x moves towards x – axis by a side factor \(\frac{1}{2}\) which is less than y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 1 upwards by 1 unit.

(v) y = -2x – 3

Samacheer Kalvi.Guru 11th Maths Question 7.
From the curve y = |x|, draw
(i) y= |x – 1| + 1
(ii) y = |x + 1| – 1
(iii) y = |x + 2| – 3.
Solution:
Given, y = |x|
If y = x

If y = -x

(i) y = |x – 1| + 1
y = x – 1 + 1
y = -x + 1 + 1 = x

(ii) y = |x + 1| – 1
y = x + 1 – 1 = x
y = -x -1 – 1
y = -x – 2
y = – (x + 2)

(iii) y = |x + 2| – 3
y = x + 2 – 3 ⇒ x – 1
y = -x – 2 + 3 = 1 – x
y = -(x – 1)

Question 8.
From the curves = sin x, draw y = sin |x| (Hint: sin(-x) = -sin x.)
Solution:
y = sin |x|
∴ y = sin x
∴ y = sin (-x) = – sin x
y = – sin x

Students who are interested in learning of 11th English Supplementary Chapter 3 The First Patient Questions and Answers can use Tamilnadu State Board Solutions of 11th English Chapter Wise Pdf. First check in which chapter you are lagging and then Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers Summary, Activity, Notes Chapter Wise. Students can build self confidence by solving the solutions with the help of Tamilnadu State Board English Solutions. English is the scoring subject if you improve your grammar skills. Because most of the students will lose marks by writing grammar mistakes. So, we suggest you to Download Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Solutions according to the chapters.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 3 The First Patient

Check out the topics covered in Supplementary Chapter 3 The First Patient Questions and Answers before you start your preparation. Improve your grammar skills with the help of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf links. The solutions for Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Textbook are prepared by the English experts. So, if you follow Tamilnadu State Board Solutions 11th English Textbook Solutions you can cover all the topics in Supplementary Chapter 3 The First Patient Questons and Answers. This helps to improve your communication skills.

Warm Up

Given below is a list of tools and equipment. Associate them with the relevant field and complete the table.

Plough, hammer, oven thermometer, volt meter, wood chisel, seed drill, voltage detector, cutting boards, stone picker, digital kitchen scale, cultivator, nail puller, wire strippers, framing square, fork, flashlight

Farmer	Carpenter	Electrician	Chef
plough	hammer

Answer:

Farmer	Carpenter	Electrician	Chef
plough	hammer	thermometer	oven
seed drill	wood	volt meter	cutting boards
cultivator	chiesel	voltage detector	fork
stone picker	framing square	nail puller/flashlight	spatula

Samacheer Kalvi 11th English The First Patient Textual Questions

1. Complete the summary of the play, choosing the appropriate words from the list given below the passage.

(hammer, patient, hacksaw, cabinet, frightened, queue, worried, waiting room, pliers,tooth, photographs, clinic, toothache, sawing, appointment)

A number of patients wait at the (1) _________ of a dentist’s clinic. Every body is tensed at the thought of a painful (2) _________ being extracted. One of the women is bent on showing everyone her (3) _________ After the arrival of the dentist, Joe, the first (4) _________ is called in. Some time later, the nurse comes out and goes in with a (5) _________ Every one is (6) _________ at this, imagining Joe being subjected to a lot of hammering in the process (7) _________ of his and later on she takes in a (8) _________ A little boy confesses that he pretended to have because he did not wish to go to school. The loud (10) _________ and screeching from within the room makes everyone leave the (11) _________ , one by one. Finally there are only two women in the waiting room, one of them being Joe’s wife. She weeps (12) _________ about her husband. But Joe comes out and explains that he had shifted his (13) _________ to the evening and had been given some pills for the pain. After they leave, the dentist comes out and locates the key of his tool (14) _________ He had been hying to open it using the hammer, the pliers and the hacksaw only in vain. The woman with the photographs is surprised to see that the (15) _________ had moved quickly and she was the next patient to go in.
Answer:

1. Waiting room
2. tooth
3. photographs
4. patient
5. hammer
6. frightened
7. pliers
8. hacksaw
9. tooth ache
10. sawing
11. clinic
12. worried
13. appointment
14. cabinet
15. queue

2. Based on your understanding of the play, complete the Graphic Organiser (GO) suitably.

Answer:

3. Based on your understanding of the play, answer the following questions in about three or four sentences each.

The First Patient Supplementary Summary Question (a)
Who were the patients waiting for?
Answer:
The patients were waiting for the arrival of the dentist. They were issued token. The Doctor would see the patients one by one.

11th English The First Patient Summary Question (b)
How did Woman 5 spend her time in the waiting hall?
Answer:
Woman 5 spent her time by showing her photos to some of the patients. She went on describing the place when the photo was taken. She explained the persons found in the photos and about their qualities and frailities.

11th English The First Patient Question (c)
How did the other Women react to Woman 5?
Answer:
Woman 6 looks at the photos when woman 5 keeps explaining the location and incidents connected to that woman’s photo and looks at them without interest. Woman 1 could not look at the photos as she was worried about her husband Joe.

The First Patient Supplementary Question (d)
Are children afraid of visiting the dentist? Give reasons.
Answer:
Yes, children are afraid of visiting the dentist. This is evident from the screams of the little girl Maurice and the confession of the little boy that he had no tooth ache. He was willing to go back to school. He had told a lie to bunk the school that day.

The First Patient Supplementary Paragraph Question (e)
What were the strange instruments the nurse carried to the surgery? How did the waiting patients interpret her act?
Answer:
The nurse carried pliers, hammer and hacksaw to the Dentists’s room. The patients thought the dentist was using those tools to extract bad tooth from patient one. Lady 1 couldn’t resist going to the surgical room as to know what was exactly happening to Joe who was the first patient. Woman restrained her all the time. Unable to bear the groans, two men left the waiting room. They were getting late for work.

The First Patient Supplementary Summary Ppt Question (f)
Bring out the people’s reaction to the noises from the surgery.
Answer:
The men who disliked the moan from inside the surgical room of the dentist made different interpretation. One man claimed that he would ask for gas to dull the pain of tooth extraction. But another man alarmed him saying he knew some one who never recovered from the effect of gas. Two men left the waiting room because it was getting late for their offices. The first patient’s wife was very upset. She cried and tried to go to the surgical room to see if her husband Joe was okay.

The First Patient Supplementary Ppt Question (g)
Why did they sympathize with the first patient?
Answer:
The first patient was seated inside the surgical room of the dentist for a long time. His devoted wife was anxiously waiting out for a long time. Whenever a noisy groan escaped the dentist’s surgical room,she cried. She wanted to rush to the room but was often restrained by the second person. Every adult who watched the lady in distress sympathized with her.

The First Patient Supplementary Moral Question (h)
Why did Woman 1 panic more than the others?
Answer:
Woman 1 panicked more than the rest of the visitors because her husband Joe was the first male patient of the day. He was with the dentist. The groans emerging from the surgical room really panicked her more than others. The large carpentry tools being taken to the surgical room annoyed her.

The First Patient Paragraph Question (i)
Woman 5 was not aware of what was happening. Why?
Answer:
Women 5 was busy showing her family album of photos: She was describing each photo with woman 6 who pathetically listened to her. So, she was not aware of what was happening.

The First Patient Supplementary Theme Question (j)
How did Woman 5 move ahead in the w aiting list of patients?
Answer:
Man 6 and man 5 left the clinic as it was late for work. Man 2 and 3 left the clinic unable to stand the howling of Dorothea. Women 3, 4 and 6 left seeing tools like pliers being taken into the surgical room. Man 7 who was very heroic and stoical about the pain on a dentist’s chair also left. Then women 2 and 7 also left. Now only woman 1 was left who was waiting for Joe. When woman 5 started looking for an amusing photograph, Joe came out. As all had left, woman 5 was told to go into the dentist’s room.

The First Patient Summary Question (k)
Why do patients leave the clinic without meeting the dentist?
Answer:
Some of them couldn’t wait as they had to rush to work. Some were upset by Dorothea’s howling. Some were scared by the groans made inside the surgical room and the hammer, pliers and jacksaw being taken inside the dentist’s room. So, patients left the clinic without meeting the dentist.

The First Patient Story Question (l)
What had really happened in the dentist’s room?
Answer:
The dentist had misplaced the key of the tool cabinet. He tried various carpentry tools like hammer, pliers, and hacksaw to open the cabinet without success for a long time. The groans were literally made by the dentist himself who was trying to break open the tool cabinet with out key.

4. Now, read the descriptions given under Column A and match them with their correct (-ist words) describing specialists in the various fields of medicine given under column B.

No.	A	B
1.	one who specializes in lung problems	gynaecologist
2.	one who specializes in skin problems	gastroenterologist
3.	one who treats diseases specific to women	dermatologist
4.	one who treats kidney diseases	neurologist
5.	one who treats diseases and disorders of the nervous system	pulmonologist
6.	one who treats stomach disorders	cardiologist
7.	one who treats vision problems	nephrologist
8.	one who specializes in critical infants	otolaryngologist
9.	one who treats heart problems	ophthalmologist
10.	one who treats the problems of ear, nose, tongue	neonatologist

Answer:

1. pulmonologist
2. dermatologist
3. gynaecologist
4. nephrologist
5. neurologist
6. gastroenterologist
7. ophthalmologist
8. neonatologist
9. cardiologist
10. otolaryngologist

Summary Of The First Patient listening Activity

Read the following statements. Now, listen to the talk on the importance of humour and laughter for good physical and mental health. You may listen to the text again if required. to help you choose the correct option.

(For listening to the passage refer to our website www.fullcircleeducation.iri)
Humour and laughter are used in a variety of therapeutic situations. Therapeutic humour has the power to motivate and lessen stress and pain. Laughter improves one’s sense of well being. The benefits of a good “belly laugh” are being discovered by empirical research. You can feel relaxed and good after laughing at a funny movie, television program, or humorous event.

It seems generally accepted that our bodies respond in a positive way to a hearty laugh. It is reported that laughter, like exercise, can reduce stress, improve tolerance to pain, and alter bodily functions such as blood pressure, heart rate, muscle activity, and stomach acidity. In business, managers are learning the advantages of using humour. Happier, healthier employees work better. Humour improves employee creativity, so employees are sometimes trained how to introduce humour into their personal/professional life.

A number of hospitals and related institutions have created humour rooms. The humour room is stocked with books, comics, funny posters, audiotapes, and videos. Humour is a therapeutic tool that demands energy for its creation, yet its rich rewards include a closer therapeutic bond through shared laughter. The best humour comes from what is going on “at the moment.” Therefore one can plan to use humour yet rely on spontaneous opportunities to employ it. Humour is something positive that should bring mutually shared enjoyment and pleasure. Above all, humour is called a way of living not a part of living.

The First Patient Supplementary In Tamil Question (i)
Humour has the power to motivate and _________ stress and pain.
(a) improve
(b) intensify
(c) reduce
(d) increase
Answer:
(c) reduce

The First Patient Question (ii)
It seems generally _________ that our bodies respond in a positive way to a hearty laugh.
(a) accepted
(b) denied
(c) improved
(d) confused
Answer:
(a) accepted

The First Patient Supplementary Summary Moral Question (iii)
The _________ is stocked with books,comics, funny posters, audiotapes, and videos.
(a) waiting room
(b) humour room
(c) ICU
(d) reception
Answer:
(b) humour room

The First Patient Moral Question (iv)
One can plan to use humour yet rely on _________ opportunities to employ it.
(a) late
(b) better
(c) future
(d) spontaneous
Answer:
(d) spontaneous

Summary Of The First Patient By Cv Burgess Question (v)
Humour is called a way of _________ ,not a part of living.
(a) living
(b) playing
(c) nourishing
(d) developing
Answers
(a) living

First Patient Summary Speaking Activity

Complete the following dialogue between a doctor and a patient with ten sets of utterances for the following situation in which a person goes to a doctor for treatment. The doctor wishes to give him/her an injection. The person is scared. The doctor convinces the patient and administers the injection. Now, in pairs, enact the dialogue in the classroom.

Doctor : Good evening. Please come in.
Patient : Good evening, Doctor.
Doctor : Tell me what ails you?
Patient : I have severe stomach pain and mild fever too.
Doctor : Show me your tongue.
Patient : (Shows the tongue) Is it dengue?
Doctor : Don’t jump to conclusions.
Patient : I’m worried, Sir.
Doctor : Don’t worry. Tell me. What did you eat last evening?
Patient : I took KFC chicken one full bucket.
Doctor : I doubt some food poisoning.
Patient : What should I do, Sir?.
Doctor : Take an injection to stem the effect of food poisoning, and we will give you bottles of glucose.
Patient : Can you avoid injection, Sir?
Doctor : Young man don’t worry. My muse Sarala will give you an injection where you won’t feel any pain.
Patient : Thank you, Doctor.

5. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of about 80-100 words each.

The First Patient By Cv Burgess Ppt Question (i)
Based on your understanding of the play, explain how a mistaken understanding of events can lead to confusion. How has the author used this unexpected combination of events in the situation to create humour?
Answer:
Author C.V. Burgess is a master craftsman. He reveals only a few names. The first patient Joe and his wife Emily are the most dominant characters. Joe is inside the surgical room. Emily is apprehensive about the husband. Among two children the dramatist uses only the girl’s name Dorothea and the Dentist hospital becomes a play area for Dorothea and the little boy who claim the same magazine for reading. The snobbish woman who goes on showing her

photo album gives us an impression if she came to see the doctor or to show her photos. The whole play resolves around the dramatic irony of patients’ guess as to what happened inside the dentists’ room and what really happened. The pliers, hack saw and the huge hammer were taken inside the dentist’s room only for opening the tool cabinet. But the patients wondered how these tools would be used in surgery. The groaning noise from inside the dentist’s rooms and the vexation of Emily Joe add to the dramatic irony. A few women patients leave the waiting room scared of subjecting themselves to the torture of having their bad teeth extracted with carpentry tools. The nurse moves about with all feigned seriousness without disclosing the fact of the misplacement of key which adds to the comic situation

11th English Unit 3 Supplementary Question (ii)
Have you ever found yourself in such a situation? Discuss in groups and act out such a situation.
Answer:
Once I was watching a thriller movie inside my room. I had locked the room from with in. But I had foolishly not reduced the volume of the T. V. There was a blood curdling scream of a little boy seeing a ghost. My parents banged the door thinking that I may have had a nightmarish dream or something was wrong. I opened the door and I had to convince them that it was just the movie and I was absolutely normal.

Additional Questions

I. Rearrange the sentences in a logical sequence.

Question 1.
(a) A fashionable lady patient showed her photos to fellow patients.
(b) The first patient Joe was called in.
(c) It was a dentist’s clinic.
(d) A number of patients were waiting for their turn.
(e) Everybody was tensed at the painful prospect of their bad tooth being extracted.
Answers:
(c) It was a dentist’s clinic.
(d) A number of patients were waiting for their turn.
(e) Everybody was tensed at the painful prospect of their bad tooth being extracted.
(b) The first patient Joe was called in.
(a) A fashionable lady patient showed her photos to fellow patients.

Question 2.
(a) Seeing all these, a little boy confesses that he feigned tooth ache to bunk classes.
(b) Every one is frightened to see the nurse moving in with a pair of pliers and a hack saw. Patients find a nurse going in and out of the surgical room with a big hammer.
(c) Emily, wife of Joe, is worried.
(d) They hear groaning sound from within the surgical lab.
Answers:
(c) Patients find a nurse going in and out of the surgical room with a big hammer.
(e) They hear groaning sound from within the surgical lab.
(d) Emily, wife of Joe, is worried.
(b) Every one is frightened to see the nurse moving in with a pair of pliers and a hack saw.
(a) Seeing all these, a little boy confesses that he feigned tooth ache to bunk classes.

 

Question 3.
(a) Emily heaves a sign of relief that the carpentry tools were for opening the tool cabinet.
(b) Emily weeps worried about her husband (Joe’s) safety.
(c) The loud sawing and screeching from within the clinic makes everyone leave the clinic.
(d) Finally only two women remain in the waiting room.
(e) Joe informs Emily that the Dentist shifted his appointment to the evening.
Answers:
(c) The loud sawing and screeching from within the clinic makes everyone leav
(d) Finally only two women remain in the waiting room.
(b) Emily weeps worried about her husband (Joe’s) safety.
(e) Joe informs Emily that the Dentist shifted his appointment to the evening.
(a) Emily heaves a sign of relief that the carpentry tools were for opening the tool cabinet.

II. Choose the best option and fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
A number ___________ of were waiting at a dentist’s clinic.
(a) fans
(b) debtors
(c) players
(d) patients
Answer:
(d) patients

Question 2.
Everybody is ___________ at the prospect of painful tooth extraction.
(a) happy
(b) frightened
(c) delighted
(d) awaiting
Answer:
(b) frightened

Question 3.
___________ is the first patient.
(a) Emily
(b) Maurice
(c) Dorothea
(d) Joe
Answer:
(d) Joe

Question 4.
It was startling to the patients to find the nurse carrying a ___________ into the surgical room.
(a) injection
(b) tray
(c) cap
(d) hammer
Answer:
(d) hammer

 

Question 5.
Mrs. Joe was restless because she was frightened that her husband’s tooth was being extracted with ___________ and hacksaw.
(a) injection
(b) cotton
(c) hammer
(d) anaesthesia
Answer:
(c) hammer

Question 6.
It was funny to notice a woman patient showing her ___________ to everyone.
(a) case file
(b) prescription
(c) photos
(d) drawings
Answer:
(c) photos

Question 7.
Mrs. Joe was ___________ by the second woman because she tried to open the surgical room.
(a) motivated
(b) appreciated
(c) restrained
(d) persuaded
Answer:
(c) restrained

Question 8.
The ___________ sawing and screeching frightened most of the patients.
(a) quiet
(b) inaudible
(c) mild
(d) loud
Answer:
(d) loud

Question 9.
Except ___________ women all the patients left the dental clinic.
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) four
Answer:
(b) two

Question 10.
Joe’s appointment was shifted to ___________
(a) afternoon
(b) morning
(c) evening
(d) the following Sunday
Answer:
(b) morning

 

Question 11.
The missing key of the ___________ was found under the telephone directory.
(a) cashbox
(b) tool cabinet
(c) Almirah
(d) surgical room
Answer:
(c) Almirah

Question 12.
The woman with the ___________ was surprised to see the queue had moved quickly.
(a) little girl
(b) little boy
(c) a hunch back
(d) photos
Answer:
(d) photos

Question 13.
Mr. Joe had been given some ___________ to dull the pain. did not care when the lady threatened her that she wouldn’t bring her anymore to the
Dentist’s.
(a) Maurice
(b) Lalitha
(c) Hema
(d) Dorothea
Answer:
(c) Hema

Question 14.
The ___________ from the surgical room was mistaken as painful reaction of Mr. Joe.
(a) music
(b) song
(c) news
(d) groan
Answer:
(d) groan

Question 15.
___________ did not care when the lady threatened her that she wouldn’t bring her anymore to the Dentist’s.
(a) Maurice
(b) Lalitha
(c) Hema
(d) Dorothea
Answer:
(d) Dorothea

Question 16.
A little girl and a small boy fought over ___________ a both wanted.
(a) photo
(b) doll
(c) ball
(d) magazine
Answer:
(d) magazine

Question 17.
Woman 5 is found to be ___________ because she gladly shares her photos with everyone.
(a) eccentric
(b) wise
(c) conventional
(d) unusual
Answer:
(a) eccentric

Question 18.
___________ was asking awkward questions.
(a) Lady 5
(b) Joe
(c) Emily
(d) Maurice
Answer:
(d) Maurice

 

Question 19.
Man attributed the noise from surgical room was of a man whose ___________ was being taken out.
(a) tonsil
(b) bad tooth
(c) kidney
(d) abrasives
Answer:
(b) bad tooth

Question 20.
Man said that there must be a special waiting room for ___________
(a) women
(b) children
(c) patients
(d) pets
Answer:
(d) pets

Question 21.
The boy who had feigned tooth ache was threatened by his mom that she would ask the ___________
to thrash him.
(a) daddy
(b) grandma
(c) headmaster
(d) dean
Answer:
(c) headmaster

Question 22
___________ claimed to have lied about tooth ache though her teeth appeared as black as kitche range.
(a) Emily
(b) Jane
(c) Dorothea
(d) Lucy
Answer:
(d) Lucy

III. Identify the speakers.

1. A bit big, wasn’t it? – Man 3 to Man 4
2. There, there, don’t upset yourself, dear. There’s nothing to worry about – Woman 2 to Woman 1.
3. I heard a chap once the roots of whose teeth were wrapped around his jawbone. He was fine hours in the chair – Man 4 to Man 3
4. It’s mine! It’s mine! – Little girl to Small boy
5. “Really, it’s the last time I’ll bring you anywhere” – Woman 7 to Dorothea.
6. “I wish some people would keep their children under control” – Woman 6 to Woman 7
7. I can’t stand it oh, Joe! Joe! Joe! – Emily
8. What was the noise, mummy? – Small boy to Woman 8
9. “That noise was a man having having a tooth out. That’s how it’s going to sound when your’s out” – Man 7 to Little boy
10. What a thing to tell a small boy!” – Woman 6
11. Disgusting – Man 6 about Man 7’s explanation of noise.
12. I haven’t got tooth ache at all. I was only joking. I just wanted to get off school – Little boy to Mummy (Woman 8)
13. I’ll get the headmaster to give you a good thrashing – Woman 8 to her son
14. “A little discipline, that’s what he wants” – Man 5 about truant boy
15. This one would make a good impression on you dear – Woman 5 to Woman 6 about her photo
16. Do hurry, Nurse or we’ll never get this thing shift. – Dentist to Nurse
17. Neither can I. I’ll be late for work – Man 5 to Man 6
18. Cowards everyone of them. They can’t take it. – Man 5 and Man 6
19. I can’t stand howling children. I’m off – Man 2
20. “This time the saw will be on the edge of his teeth” – Man 7
21. What ever is the matter my dear? – Woman 5 to Woman 1
22. It’s Joe! Poor Joe! Goodness knows what state he’s in now – Woman 1 to Woman 5
23. Well I suppose he hasn’t come to any harm – Woman 5 to Woman 1
24. Oh! dear me! Where’s that very amusing one? – Woman 5
25. 25. Why, What ever is the matter, Emily? – Joe .
26. Of course I’m alright. Why shouldn’t I be all right? – Joe to Emily
27. But Joe, all that hammering and sawing – Emily to Joe
28. Oh, that! That was only the dentist trying to force open his instrument cabinet – Joe to Emily
29. So, he hasn’t done anything to you, Joe – Emily to Joe
30. Dear me, that long queue did move quickly, didn’t it? – Woman 5 to Nurse

IV. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions given below.

Question 1.
There is a sudden screech of metal from the surgery. Woman 1 gasps with horror and is about to make a dash for the surgery door when she is dragged back by Woman 2. Man 4 groans loudly. The Small Boy and the Little Girl at the table start a fight about a magazine they both want. Woman 8 and Woman 7 attempt to separate them. Through all this noise Woman 5 is still trying to show her photographs.
Little Girl: It’s mine! It’s mine!
Small Boy: No, it’s mine! I saw it first.
Woman 7: Sit down, Dorothea. Sit down and be quiet. I’ll tell your daddy about this. Then there’ll be trouble. Really, it’s the last time I’ll bring you anywhere.
Little Girl: See if I care.

 

Question (a)
Who is called “woman 1”?
Answer:
Emily is called woman 1.

Question (b)
Why does woman 1 gasp with horror?
Answer:
Woman 1 hears groaning sound from the surgery room. Besides patients waiting for the dentist, tell horrifying tales about the extraction of teeth. Nurse also carries Hammer and Hack saw to the surgery room. So, she gasps with horror.

Question (c)
Why does Woman 1 try to dash to the surgery door?
Answer:
Woman 1 tries to dash to the surgery door to find out if her husband Joe was alright.

Question (d)
What is the cause of fight between the two children?
Answer:
Both the children want the same magazine. So, they fight.

Question (e)
How does woman 7 threaten Dorothea? What is her reaction to the threat?
Answer:
Dorothea quarrels with another boy over a magazine. Her mom threatens her that she would tell her dad and she would never bring her again anywhere. The little girl just does not care about the double threat.

2. I can’t stand it. Oh, Joe! Joe! Joe!
(Man 4 groans.)
Small Boy: What was that noise, Mummy?
Woman 8: Don’t ask awkward questions, Maurice.
Man 7: I’ll tell you, little boy. That noise was a man having a tooth out. That’s how it’s going to sound when you have yours out, only much, much louder, because then it’ll be inside your head.
Woman 6: What a thing to tell a small boy!
Man 6: Disgusting!
Man 7: It’ll do the lad good. Bring‘em up natural, I always say.

Question (a)
What is unbearable for woman 1?
Answer:
The sawing, screeching sound accompanied by a loud groan from the surgery room upsets woman 1. She thinks that her husband Joe, the first patient is subjected to torture.

Question (b)
Who asked awkward questions?
Answer:
Maurice asked awkward questions.

Question (c)
Why does the woman think that the question was awkward?
Answer:
Screeching sound and groaning sound are quite common in the surgery room of a Dentist when he is extracting a bad teeth. So, the question about the groan is said to be awkward.

Question (d)
Why was the answer to the boy’s question considered “disgusting”?
Answer:
The man 7 answered that the noise was from a man whose tooth was being extracted. He added when the little boy’s tooth is extracted there would be louder noise. So, this owner is deemed ‘disgusting’.

 

Question (e)
How did man 7 justify his answer? .
Man 7 justified his answer that it would help the lady to raise her son in a natural way.

3. Woman 6: But surely, they can’t really be using those tools to take out a tooth.
Woman 4: You heard what the Man said.
Woman 6: And those men have gone, too.
Man 7: Cowards, every one of them. They can’t take it.
Little Girl: Mummy, I was only joking about my toothache, too. I haven’t really got one. I was only trying to get off school.
Woman 7: Nonsense, Dorothea, you know your tooth is as black as the kitchen range. You’re only trying to get out of it.(The Little Girl breaks into a howl.)

Question (a)
What tools are talked about here?
Answer:
The carpentry tools like hammer, pliers and hacksaw are talked about here.

Question (b)
Why does the woman feel that the tools are inappropriate there?
Answer:
The woman believed that the carpentry tools may not be needed by a dentist to remove tooth. So, she feels they are inappropriate there.

Question (c)
Why does man 7 call his fellow patients as cowards?
Answer:
Some of the male patients left the clinic without meeting the dentists. Man 7 thought that they were scared of the tools of tooth extraction and left the clinic. So, he described them as “cowards”.

Question (d)
How did the little girl try to outsmart her mom?
Answer:
The little girl said that she was only joking about her tooth ache.

Question (e)
How did Dorothea’s mom find out the truth?
Dorothea’s teeth was black. The bad tooth had to be extracted. But Dorothea claimed that she was only joking about her tooth ache. So, mom found out Dorothea’s lies to escape the torture of the dentist.

4. Man 1: Why, whatever is the matter, Emily?
Woman 1: Joe, Joe, are you all right? Let me look at you, Joe! ,
Man 1: Of course I’m all right. Why shouldn’t I be all right?
Woman 1: But, Joe, all that hammering and sawing.
Man 1: Oh, that! That was only the dentist trying to force open his instrument cabinet. Woman 1: His cabinet?
Man 1: Yes, you see he lost the key.
Woman 1: So he hasn’t done anything to you, Joe!
Man 1: Not a thing, and I can’t wait any longer this morning. I’ve made an appointment with him for this evening instead. The nurse gave me some pills to deaden the pain in the meantime. Woman 1: Oh, Joe, I was so upset.
Man 1: Well, it’s all right now, Emily, so let’s go.

Question(a)
Why was Joe perturbed?
Answer:
Emily’s face was swollen and obviously she had cried. So, Joe was perturbed.

Question (b)
What did Emily want to look chosely at Joe?
Answer:
Emily was frightened that her husband Joe was subjected to some torture by the dentist. She wanted to find out if there were traces of pain or injury on his face. So, she wanted to look closely at Joe’s face.

Question (c)
Why did Emily think that her husband must have suffered much?
Answer:
Emily connected the sawing, hammering and groaning to the extraction of bad tooth. When noises came from the surgery room, Joe was inside it. So, Emily figured out that her husband must have suffered much.

Question (d)
How did Joe justify the loud noises and groan inside the dentist’s surgery room?
Answer:
The Dentist was trying to open his instrument key. He had lost his key somewhere. The sawing and screeching were the noises related to it.

 

Question (e)
How did the nurse help Joe?
Answer:
The nurse had given him some pills to dull the pain till the evening.

The First Patient About the Author

Christopher Victor Burgess is known as C. V. Burgess. He is a humorous playwright, His situational humour intensifies the emotions of the characters in the play. His plays ! usually accommodate a number of characters. His famous works are ‘Short Plays for Large Classes’, ‘Teach yourself Speech Training’ and ‘Classroom Playhouse Verse in Action’

The First Patient Summary

The story happens in a dentist’s clinic. The first patient Joe is called in by the dentist. For a long time all the waiting men, women and children hear loud groaning noise emerging from the surgical room of the dentist. Joe’s wife is obviously disturbed. She tries to barge into the surgical room to see for herself what is being done to Joe. Her curiosity turns into a traumatic experience as unusual tools like pliers, hammer and hacksaw add to the anxiety of Mrs. Joe. A girl namely Dorothea howls so hard that some men patients leave the clinic. A little boy confesses to his mom that he had faked tooth ache just for bunking his classes. His mom takes him back to school with a rebuke and threat that she would inform his teacher about it. The boy prefers punishment at school to surgery at the dentist’s room.

The little girl tries to persuade her mom to leave the waiting room. She says she has no bad tooth. The mother blackmails her that she wouldn’t give her ice-lollies if she doesn’t take the treatment. She also tells her sternly that if she howls again she wouldn’t bring her again to the dentist. The girl says that she would care less about it. Menfolks unable to wait for a longtime leave the clinic one by one. The boastful and snobbish lady who went on showing her photos to the waiting women is in for a surprise.

She is called in as the second patient. She wonders how, quickly the queue has moved on. Joe walks out of the surgical room with a beaming face. He admits that nothing happened to him. His appointment has been shifted to evening. Joe explains that the doctor has forgotten where he has left the tool cabin key. So, he was trying to open it so far with tools of carpentry. Mrs. Joe smiles understanding her

Textual:
agony – severe pain
blurred – hazy, not clear
dreadful – extremely bad
ferrying – carrying
gas – anesthesia
groaning – crying in pain
ice-lollies – flavoured ice or ice cream on a stick
queer – strange
scream – a very funny thing
sulking weeny tug – being sad and silent
wenny – small pull
writhing – twisting the body from side to side

Additional:
apprehension – worry
boastful – proud
extraction – removal
frightened – got afraid
groan – murmur in pain
restrained – detained
snobbish – thinking high of self
sympathized – felt sorry

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of 11th English to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Supplementary Chapter 3 The First Patient Questions and Answers in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry Ex 3.1

11th Maths Exercise 3.1 Answers Question 1.
Identify the quadrant in which an angle of each given measure lies
(i) 25°
(ii) 825°
(iii) -55°
(iv) 328°
Solution:
(i) 25° = I quadrant
(ii) 825° = 105° (90° + 15°) = II quadrant
(iii) -55° = IV quadrant
(iv) 328° = IV quadrant (270° + 58°)

(v) -230° = 360° – 230° = 130° = (90° + 40°) II quadrant

11th Maths Exercise 3.1 Question 2.
For each given angle, find a coterminal angle with measure of θ such that θ° < θ < 360°
(i) 395°
(ii) 525°
(iii) 1150°
(iv) -270°
(v) -450°
Solution:
(i) 395° = 360° + 35°
∴ coterminal angle = 35°

(ii) 525° – 360°= 165°
coterminal angle = 165°

(iii) 1150° = 360 × 3 + 70° = 70°
coterminal angle = 70°

(iv) -270° = coterminal angle =+90° {270° + 90° = 360°}

(v) -450° = -360° – 90° = -90°
∴ coterminal angle = 360° – 90° = 270°

Exercise 3.1 Class 11 Maths Solutions State Board Question 3.

Solution:
a cos θ – b sin θ = c
⇒ (a cos θ – b sin θ)² = c²
(i.e) a² cos² θ + b² sin² θ – 2ab sin θ cos θ = c²
(i.e) a² (1 – sin² θ) + b² (1 – cos² θ) – 2ab sin θ cos θ = c²
a² – a² sin² θ + b² – b² cos² θ – 2ab sin θ cos θ = c²
a² + b² – c² = a² sin² θ + b² cos² θ + 2ab sin θ cos θ

Exercise 3.1 Class 11 Maths State Board Question 4.

Solution:

Samacheer 11th Maths Solution Question 5.

Solution:

Samacheer Kalvi 11 Maths Solutions Question 6.

Solution:

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Guide Question 7.

Solution:

Samacheer Kalvi 11 Maths Question 8.

Solution:

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Example Sums Question 9.
If sec θ + tan θ = p, obtain the values of sec θ, tan θ and sin θ in terms of p.
Solution:
Given, sec θ + tan θ = p
we know sec² θ – tan² θ = 1
(i.e) (sec θ + tan θ) (sec θ – tan θ) = 1

Samacheer Kalvi Class 11 Maths Solutions Question 10.
If cot θ (1 + sin θ) = 4m and cot θ (1 – sin θ) = 4n, then prove that (m² – n²)² = mn.
Solution:
cot θ (1 + sin θ) = 4m

Samacheer Kalvi Class 11 Maths Question 11.
If cosec θ – sin θ = a³ and sec θ – cos θ = b³, then prove that a²b² (a² + b²) = 1.
Solution:

Samacheer Class 11 Maths Solutions Question 12.
Eliminate θ from the equations a sec θ – c tan θ = b and b sec θ + d tan θ = c.
Solution:
Taking sec θ = X and tan θ = Y we get the equations as

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry Ex 3.1 Additional Equations

11th Maths 3rd Chapter Solutions Question 1.
Prove that (sec θ + cos θ) (sec θ – cos θ) = tan² θ + sin² θ
Solution:
(sec θ + cos θ) (sec θ – cos θ) = sec² θ – cos² θ
= (1 + tan² θ ) – (1 – sin² θ)
= tan² θ + sin² θ = RHS

Class 11 Maths Solutions Samacheer Kalvi Question 2.

Solution:

11th Samacheer Maths Solutions Question 3.

Solution:

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 11th Maths Question 4.

Solution:

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Question 5.
Prove that (1 + tan A + sec A) (1 + cot A – cosec A) = 2
Solution:
LHS = (1 + tan A + sec A) (1 + cot A – cosec A)

Students who are interested in learning of 11th English Grammar Error Spotting Questions and Answers can use Tamilnadu State Board Solutions of 11th English Chapter Wise Pdf. First check in which chapter you are lagging and then Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers Summary, Activity, Notes Chapter Wise. Students can build self confidence by solving the solutions with the help of Tamilnadu State Board English Solutions. English is the scoring subject if you improve your grammar skills. Because most of the students will lose marks by Grammar grammar mistakes. So, we suggest you to Download Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Solutions according to the chapters.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Error Spotting

Check out the topics covered in Grammar Error Spotting Questions and Answers before you start your preparation. Improve your grammar skills with the help of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Questions and Answers pdf links. The solutions for Tamilnadu State Board 11th English Textbook are prepared by the English experts. So, if you follow Tamilnadu State Board Solutions 11th English Textbook Solutions you can cover all the topics in Grammar Error Spotting Questons and Answers. This helps to improve your communication skills.

Spot the errors in the following sentences and correct them:

Spot The Error For 11th Std Question 1.
He gave me a one-rupee note, (article error)
Answer:
He gave me a one-rupee note.

Question 2.
Though she is weak but she is active, (double conjunction)
Answer:
Though she is weak, she is active.

Question 3.
She kept the book in the table, (prepositional error)
Answer:
She kept the book on the table.

Question 4.
One of the boy has got the first prize, (subject-verb agreement)
Answer:
One of the boys has got the first prize.

Question 5.
Sylvester went to abroad, (deletion of the preposition)
Answer:
Sylvester went abroad.

Question 6.
Guilty must be punished.(missing article)
Answer:
The Guilty must be punished.

Question 7.
If they had contacted me I would help them. (Type III Conditional)
Answer:
If they had contacted me I would have helped them.

Question 8.
My father gave me a lot of advices, (singular-plural error)
Answer:
My father gave me a lot of advice.

Question 9.
He took up gymnastics when he was seven years old. (spelling error)
Answer:
He took up gymnastics when he was seven years old.

Question 10.
A group of twelve students are travelling together, (collective noun takes singular verb)
Answer:
A group of twelve students is travelling together.

Question 11.
If I was a bird, I would fly. (Type I Conditional)
Answer:
If I were a bird, I would fly.

Question 12.
He is my cousin brother, (usage error)
Answer:
He is my cousin.

Question 13.
Children prefer sweets than fruits, (‘to’ is used to compare just two subjects)
Answer:
Children prefer sweets to fruits.

Question 14.
John is best student in the class, (absence of the definite article)
Answer:
John is the best student in the class.

Question 15.
The principal with all the teachers are present, (subject-verb agreement)
Answer:
The principal with all the teachers is present.

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of 11th English to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Grammar Error Spotting Questions and Answers in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

Students can Download Computer Science Chapter 6 Specification and Abstraction Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Science Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Science Solutions Chapter 6 Specification and Abstraction

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Science Specification and Abstraction Text Book Back Questions and Answers

PART – 1
I. Choose The Correct Answer

11th Computer Science Chapter 6 Book Back Answers Question 1.
Which of the following activities is algorithmic in nature?
(a) Assemble a bicycle
(b) Describe a bicycle
(c) Label the parts of a bicycle
(d) Explain how a bicycle works
Answer:
(a) Assemble a bicycle

Specification And Abstraction Question 2.
Which of the following activities is not algorithmic in nature?
(a) Multiply two numbers
(b) Draw a kolam
(c) Walk in the park
(d) Braid the hair
Answer:
(d) Braid the hair

Computer Science Chapter 6 Question 3.
Omitting details inessential to the task and representing only the essential features of the task is known as ………………..
(a) specification
(b) abstraction
(c) composition
(d) decomposition
Answer:
(b) abstraction

Question 4.
Stating the input property and the input-output relation a problem is known ………………..
(a) specification
(b) statement
(c) algorithm
(d) definition
Answer:
(a) specification

Question 5.
Ensuring the input – output relation is ………………..
(a) the responsibility of an algorithm and the right of the user.
(b) the responsibility of the user and the right of the algorithm.
(c) the responsibility of the algorithm but not the right of the user.
(d) the responsibility of both the user and the algorithm.
Answer:
(a) the responsibility of an algorithm and the right of the user.

Question 6.
If i = 5 before the assignment i : = i – 1 after the assignment, the value of i is ………………..
(a) 5
(b) 4
(c) 3
(d) 2
Answer:
(b) 4

Question 7.
If O < i before the assignment i : = i – 1 after the assignment, we can conclude that
(a) 0 < i
(b) 0 ≤ i
(c) i = 0
(d) 0 ≥ i
Answer:
(b) 0 ≤ i

PART – 2
II. Very Short Answers

Question 1.
Define an algorithm.
Answer:
An algorithm is a step by step sequence of statements intended to solve a problem. An algorithm starts execution with the input data, executes the statements and finishes execution with the output data.

Question 2.
Distinguish between an algorithm and a process.
Answer:
Algorithm:

• An Algorithm is a sequence of instructions to solve a problem.
• Elements of a process are abstracted in algorithms.
• Example: Algorithm can be compared to a recipe

Process:

• A process is executing of instructions to accomplish the intended task.
• A process is actual execution of the steps to solution.
• Example: A process can be compared to cooking.

Question 3.
Initially, farmer, goat, grass, wolf = L, L, L, L and the farmer crosses the river with goat. Model the action with an assignment statement. Model of the action with an assignment statement:
Answer:

1. — farmer, goat,grass,wolf = L,L,L,L.
2. Farmer,goat: = R,R
3. – farmer,goat,grass,wolf = R,R,L,L
4. – farmer: = L
5. — farmer,goat,grass,wolf = L,R,L,L
6. farmer,grass: = R,R
7. — farmer,goat,grass,wolf = R,R,R,L
8. farmer,goat: = L,L
9. — farmer,goat,grass, wolf = L,L,R,L
10. farmer, wolf: = R,R
11. — farmer,goat,grass, wolf = R,L,R,R
12. farmer: = L
13. — farmer,goat,grass,wolf = L,L,R,R
14. farmer, goat: = R,R
15. — farmer,goat,grass,wolf = R,R,R,R

Question 4.
Specify a function to find the minimum of two numbers.
Answer:

1. – – minimum (a,b)
2. – – inputs : a, b are real numbers.
3. – – output: result: = minimum (a,b)

Question 5.
If \(\sqrt{2}\) = 1.414, and the square_root() function returns – 1.414, does it violate the following specification?

1. – – square – root(x)
2. – – inputs: x is a real number, x > 0
3. – – outputs: y is a real number such that y² = x

Answer:
No, because (- 1.414)² = 2, which satisfies input – output relation (y² = x)

PART – 3
III. Short Answers

Question 1.
When do you say that a problem is algorithmic in nature?
Answer:
A Problem is algorithmic in nature when its solution involves the construction of an algorithm. Also when the

1. Input data and output data of the problem is specified.
2. Relation between the input data and the output data is specified.

Question 2.
What is the format of the specification of an algorithm?
Answer:
Let P be the required property of the inputs and Q the property of the desired outputs.
Format of specification of an algorithm:

1. Algorithm name (Inputs)
2. Inputs – P
3. Outputs – Q

Question 3.
What is abstraction?
Answer:
Abstraction:
It is the facility to define objects. It also involves removal of unnecessary attributes and defining only essential attributes. For example, when we represent the state of a process we select only the variables essential to the problem and ignore inessential details.

Question 4.
How is state represented in algorithms?
Answer:
The state represented in a algorithm is set of variables. At any place the value of the variables are substituted and evaluation is done.

Question 5.
What is the form and meaning of assignment statement?
Answer:
Assignment statement is used to assign values to the variables.
The variable on the left side of the assignment operator and a value on the right side.
Variable : = Value

Question 6.
What is the difference between assignment operator and equality operator?
Assignment Operator:
Assignment operator is used to assign the values to the variable.

Equality Operator:
The equality operator is used to compare the values of both the variables and the result is true or false.

PART – 4
IV. Explain in Detail

Question 1.
Write the specification of an algorithm hypotenuse w hose inputs are the lengths of the two shorter sides of a right angled triangle, and the output is the length of the third side.
Answer:

1. hypotenuse (a, b)
2. – – inputs: a, b are real numbers, a > 0, b > 0
3. – – outputs: c² = a² + b² wrhere c is real number, c > 0

Question 2.
Suppose you want to solve the quadratic equation ax² + bx + c – 0 by an algorithm. quadratic_solve (a, b, c)
— inputs : ?
— outputs: ?
You intend to use the formula and you are prepared to handle only real number roots. Write a suitable specification.

Answer:

1. Quadratic – solve (a, b, c)
2. – – inputs: b² – 4 ac > = 0 where a, b, c are real numbers, a ≠ 0
3. – – outputs: and x² are real numbers such that a(x₁)² + bx₁ + c = 0 and a(x₂)² + bx₂ + c = 0

Question 3.
Exchange the contents: Given two glasses marked A and B. Glass A is full of apple drink and glass B is full of grape drink. For exchanging the contents of glasses A and B, represent the state by suitable variables, and write the specification of the algorithm.
Answer:
Let the variables a, b, c represent the glass A, glass B and Glass C respectively. Variables A, B, C can store values APPLE, GRAPE or EMPTY.

Specification:

1. Exchange ( )
2. – – inputs: a, b, c := APPLE, GRAPE, EMPTY
3. – – outputs: a, b,c: = GRAPE, APPLE, EMPTY

Samacheer kalvi 11th Computer Science Specification and Abstraction Additional Questions and Answers

PART – 1
I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
Which one of the following is an example of process?
(a) Braid the hair
(b) Adding three numbers
(c) Cooking a dish
(d) Walk in the Road
Answer:
(c) Cooking a dish

Question 2.
Who was a Hungarian Mathematician?
(a) G. Polya
(b) John Wiley
(c) Krysia Broda
(d) Steve Vickers
Answer:
(a) G. Polya

Question 3.
How many basic building blocks construct an algorithm?
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 8
Answer:
(b) 4

Question 4.
……………….. state the properties of the given input and the relation between the input and the output.
(a) Composition
(b) Abstraction
(c) Decomposition
(d) Specification
Answer:
(d) Specification

Question 5.
……………….. how many control flow statement are there to alter the control flow depending on the state?
(a) 5
(b) 6
(c) 3
(d) 8
Answer:
(c) 3

Question 6.
What is the specification of the algorithm?
Answer:
(a) divide (A + B)
(b) square – root (n)
(c) square – root (x)
(d) adding (A, B)
Answer:
(b) square – root (n)

Question 7.
……………….. statement is used to store a value in a variable.
(a) Assignment
(b) Sequential control flow
(c) Alternative control flow
(d) Iterative
Answer:
(a) Assignment

Question 8.
The data stored in a variable is also called a ………………..
(a) process
(b) data
(c) value
(d) constant
Answer:
(c) value

Question 9.
Each part of algorithm is known as ………………..
(a) input
(b) function
(c) variable
(d) program
Answer:
(b) function

Question 10.
……………….. is the left side of the assignment.
(a) variable
(b) value
(c) operator
(d) all the above
Answer:
(c) operator

Question 11.
If i: = 3 before the assignment, i: = i + 1 after the assignment ………………..
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 0
Answer:
(b) 4

Question 12.
If i: = 2 before the assignment, then i: = i * 3 after the assignment is ………………..
(a) 6
(b) 5
(c) 0
(d) 1
Answer:
(a) 6

Question 13.
If i: = 10 before the assignment, then i: = i % 2 after the assignment
(a) 10
(b) 5
(c) 0
(d) 1
Answer:
(c) 0

Question 14.
If – – m, n = 22, 5 and m, n : = m + 3, n – 1 then the value of m and n are ………………..
(a) 25, 4
(b) 24,5
(c) 22, 5
(d) 23,21
Answer:
(a) 25, 4

Question 15.
Initially the values of P and C are 4 and 5 respectively
– – P, C : = 4, 5
P : = C
C : = P. Then find P and C
(a) 4 and 4
(b) 5 and 4
(c) 5 and 5
(d) 4 and 5
Answer:
(c) 5 and 5

Question 16.
What are the values of variable m and n after the assignments in line (1) and line (3)?
1. m, n : = 2, 5
2. – – m, n = ?, ?
3. m, n : = m + 3, n – 1
4. – – m, n = ?, ?
(a) 4, 5
(b) 5, 4
(c) 5,5
(d) 4, 4
Answer:
(b) 5, 4

Question 17.
How many Algorithmic designing techniques are there?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(c) 4

Question 18.
which one of the following is the assignment operator?
(a) =
(b) = =
(c) + = =
(d) + +
Answer:
(a) =

Question 19.
which one of the following is the equality operator?
(a) =
(b) = =
(c) + +
(d) – –
Answer:
(b) = =

Question 20.
which one of the following is the comment line in algorithm?
(a) + +
(b) 1 1
(c) – –
(d) = =
Answer:
(c) – –

Question 21.
Which one of the following statements are not executed the computers?
(a) Comment line
(b) Header file
(c) cin
(d) cout
Answer:
(a) Comment line

Question 22.
The values of the variables when the algorithm starts is ………………..
(a) stage
(b) initial stage
(c) initial state
(d) starting state
Answer:
(c) initial state

Question 23.
The values of the variables when the algorithm finishes is ………………..
(a) final stage
(b) final state
(c) last stage
(d) last state
Answer:
(b) final state

Question 24.
Instructions of a computer are also known as ………………..
(a) commands
(b) statements
(c) Abstractions
(d) Functions
Answer:
(b) statements

Question 25.
Which one of the following is not a building block of algorithm
(a) data
(b) state
(c) variables
(d) functions
Answer:
(b) state

Question 26.
Which are the named boxes used for storing data?
(a) data
(b) variables
(c) control flow
(d) functions
Answer:
(b) variables

Question 27.
Reasoning:
I. We can store a value in a variable using assignment operator.
II. We can change the value in a variable using assignment operator.
III. Assignment operator is = =
(a) I and III is true
(b) I and II is true
(c) II and III is true
(d) I, II, III is true
Answer:
(b) I and II is true

Question 28.
The order of execution of statement is called :
(a) Composition
(b) Functions
(c) Control flow
(d) Specifications
Answer:
(c) Control flow

Question 29.
In which one of the control flow statements, if the condition is false, then alternative statement will be executed ………………..
(a) Sequential
(b) iterative
(c) selection
(d) alternative
Answer:
(d) alternative

Question 30.
In which one of the following control flow, the statements are repeated until the conditon becomes false ………………..
(a) Sequential
(b) iterative
(c) selection
(d) alternative
Answer:
(b) iterative

Question 31.
If the statement are executed one after the other, then it is control flow.
(a) Sequential
(b) iterative
(c) selection
(d) alternative
Answer:
(a) Sequential

Question 32.
A is like a sub algorithm.
(a) function
(b) data
(c) variable
(d) state
Answer:
(a) function

Question 33.
Which one of the following is not a techniques for designing algorithms?
(a) specifications
(b) abstraction
(c) encapsulation
(d) composition
Answer:
(c) encapsulation

Question 34.
Fill in the box given below figure ………………..

(a) processing
(b) solving
(c) algorithm
(d) functions
Answer:
(c) algorithm

Question 35.
How many parts are there in specification is ………………..
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(b) 3

Question 36.
The first part of the specification is ………………..
(a) Input
(b) Output
(c) property of inputs
(d) The name of the algorithm and the inputs
Answer:
(d) The name of the algorithm and the inputs

Question 37.
Identify the statement which is not true?
(a) An instruction describes an object
(b) specification is one of the algorithm design techniques
(c) An algorithm is a step by step sequence of instructions
Answer:
(a) An instruction describes an object

Question 38.
In multiple variable assignment statement, the number of variables and the number of expressions must ………………..
(a) differ at least by 1
(b) not equal to 1
(c) equal to 0
(d) be equal
Answer:
(d) be equal

Question 39.
Sequential, Alternative and Iterative comes under the classification of ……………….. :
(a) Building blocks of algorithm
(b) control flow statements
(c) Algorithm design techniques
(d) Abstraction
Answer:
(b) control flow statements

Question 40.
To execute in a computer, an algorithm must be expressed using the statement of ………………..
(a) Object code
(b) Machine Language
(c) Assembler
(d) Programming Languages
Answer:
(d) Programming Languages

Question 41.
If the variable already has a value, and you are assigning a new value, what will happen to the old variable?
(a) retained
(b) added
(c) lost
(d) becomes 0
Answer:
(c) lost

Question 42.
Identify the function name: square (A + B) ………………..
(a) A
(b) B
(c) A + B
(d) square
Answer:
(d) square

Question 43.
Identify the correct statement ………………..
(a) The first part of specification is name of the algorithm with input
(b) Second one is input properties with comments
(c) Third one is relation between input – output
(d) All the three are correct statements
Answer:
(d) All the three are correct statements

Question 44.
Find the wrong statement from the following ………………..
(a) The state of a process can be represented by a set of variables in an algorithm
(b) The state at any point of execution is simply the values of the variables at that point.
(c) As the values of the variables are changed, the state remains constant.
(d) As a process evolves, the state changes.
Answer:
(c) As the values of the variables are changed, the state remains constant.

Question 45.
The input and output are passed between an algorithm and the user through ………………..
(a) data
(b) assignment
(c) stage
(d) variables
Answer:
(d) variables

Question 46.
Match the following

(a) 2, 1, 4, 3
(b) 1, 2, 3, 4
(c) 4,3,2, 1
(d) 4, 2, 3, 1
Answer:
(a) 2, 1, 4, 3

Question 47.
Match the following

(a) 3, 1, 4, 2
(b) 1,2, 3, 4
(c) 4,3,2, 1
(d) 4, 2, 3, 1
Answer:
(a) 3, 1, 4, 2

Question 48.
Which one of the following statements are used to annotate a program for the human readers?
(a) comments
(b) state
(c) variables
(d) functions
Answer:
(a) comments

Question 49.
In specification, the input and output can be written using ………………..
(a) English
(b) Mathematical notation
(c) Binary format
(d) Both a and b
Answer:
(d) Both a and b

Question 50.
Which one of the following defines the rights and responsibilities of the designer and the user?
(a) Abstraction
(b) Composition
(c) Decomposition
(d) Specification
Answer:
(d) Specification

Question 51.
Which one of the following is the most effective mental tool used for managing complexity?
(a) Specification
(b) Abstraction
(c) Composition
(d) Decomposition
Answer:
(b) Abstraction

Question 52.
How will be the input and output passed between an algorithm and the user ………………..
(a) comments
(b) Assignment
(c) Variable
(d) Functions
Answer:
(c) Variable

Question 53.
The goal of the algorithm is ………………..
(a) to state the input properties
(b) to state the output properties
(c) to divide into functions
(d) to establish the input output relation
Answer:
(d) to establish the input output relation

PART – 2
II. Short Answers

Question 1.
Define State.
Answer:
The state of a process can be represented by a set of variables in an algorithm. The State at any point of execution is simply the values of the variables at that point.

Question 2.
Mention the three different types of Chameleons.
Answer:
There are three different types of chameleons: red chameleons, green chameleons, and blue chameleons.

Question 3.
Define variable.
Answer:
The data stored in a variable is also known as the value of the variable. We can store a value in a variable or change the value of variable, using an assignment statement.

Question 4.
Write the basic building blocks of algorithms.
Answer:

1. Data
2. Variables
3. Control flow
4. Functions

Question 5.
Define control flow.
Answer:
The order in which the statements are executed may differ from the order in which they are written in the algorithm. This order of execution of statements is known as the control flow.

Question 6.
What are the basic principles and techniques for designing Algorithms.
Answer:

1. Specification
2. Abstraction
3. Composition
4. Decomposition

PART – 3
III. Explain in Brief

Question 1.
Define Alternative control flow statement.
Answer:
In alternative control flow, a condition of the state is tested, and if the condition is true, one statement is executed; if the condition is false, an alternative statement is executed.

Question 2.
What is Decomposition?
Answer:
We divide the main algorithm into functions. We construct each function independently of the main algorithm and other functions. Finally, we construct the main algorithm using the functions. When we use the functions, it is enough to know the specification of the function. It is not necessary to know how the function is implemented.

Question 3.
Write the Iterative control flow statement.
Answer:
In iterative control flow, a condition of the state is tested, and if the condition is true, a statement is executed. The two steps of testing the condition and executing the statement are repeated until the condition becomes false.

Question 4.
Define functions.
Answer:
The parts of an algorithm are known as functions. A function is like a sub-algorithm. It takes , an input, and produces an output, satisfying a desired input output relation.

Question 5.
Write the following (i) initial state (ii) final state
Answer:
The values of the variables when the algorithm starts is known as the initial state, and the values of the variables when the algorithm finishes is known as the final state.

Question 6.
What is the desired relation between the inputs A and B, and the output q and r?
Answer:
1. The two outputs q (quotient) and r (remainder) should satisfy the property
A = q X B + r,
and
2. The remainder r should be less than the divisor B,
0 < r < B
Combining these requirements, we will specify the desired input-output relation as
– outputs: A = q X B + r and 0 < r < B.

PART – 4
IV. Explain in Detail

Question 1.
Explain the three control flow statement.
Answer:
There are three important control flow statements to alter the control flow depending on the state.

1. In sequential control flow, a sequence of statements are executed one after another in the same order as they are written.
2. In alternative control flow, a condition of the state is tested, and if the condition is true, one statement is executed; if the condition is false, an alternative statement is executed.
3. In iterative control flow, a condition of the state is tested, and if the condition is true, a statement is executed. The two steps of testing the condition and executing the statement are repeated until the condition becomes false.

Question 2.
Explain Algorithm Design Techniques.
Answer:
There are a few basic principles and techniques for designing algorithms.
1. Specification:
The first step in problem solving is to state the problem precisely. A problem is specified in terms of the input given and the output desired. The specification must also state the properties of the given input, and the relation between the input and the output.

2. Abstraction:
A problem can involve a lot of details. Several of these details are unnecessary for solving the problem. Only a few details are essential. Ignoring or hiding unnecessary details and modeling an entity only by its essential properties is known as abstraction. For example, when we represent the state of a process, we select only the variables essential to the problem and ignore inessential details.

3. Composition:
An algorithm is composed of assignment and control flow statements. A control flow statement tests a condition of the state and depending on the value of the condition, decides the next statement to be executed.

4. Decomposition:
We divide the main algorithm into functions. We construct each function independently of the main algorithm and other functions. Finally, we construct the main algorithm using the functions. When we use the functions, it is enough to know the specification of the function. It is not necessary to know how the function is implemented.

Question 3.
Explain the specification format.
Answer:
Specification format: We can write the specification in a standard three part format:

1. The name of the algorithm and the inputs
2. Input : the property of the inputs
3. Output : the desired input – output relation

The first part is the name of the algorithm and the inputs. The second part is the property of the inputs. It is written as a comment which starts with – inputs: The third part is the desired input – output relation. It is written as a comment which starts with – outputs:. The input and output can be written using English and mathematical notation.

Question 4.
What are the values of variables m and n after the assignments in line (1) and line (3)?

1. m, n : = 2, 5
2. – – m, n = ?, ?
3. m,n: = m + 3, n – 1
4. – – m, n = ?, ?

The assignment in line (1) stores 2 in variable m, and 5 in variable n.

The assignment in line (3) evaluates the expressions m + 3 and n – 1 using the current values of m and n as
m + 3 , n – 1
= 2 + 3, 5 – 1
= 5, 4
and stores the values 5 and 4 in the variables m and n, respectively.

1. m, n : = 2, 5
2. – – m, n = 2, 5
3. m, n : = m + 3, n – 1
4. – – m, n = 2 + 3, 5 – 1 = 5, 4

Values of the variables after the two assignments are shown in line (2) and line (4).

Question 5.
Explain the Basic Building Blocks of Algorithms.
Data:
Algorithms take input data, process the data, and produce output data. Computers provide instructions to perform operations on data. For example, there are instructions for doing arithmetic operations on numbers, such as add, subtract, multiply and divide. There are different kinds of data such as numbers and text.

Variables:
Variables are named boxes for storing data. When we do operations on data, We need to store the results in variables. The data stored in a variable is also known as the value of the variable. We can store a value in a variable or change the value of variable, using an assignment statement.

Control flow:
An algorithm is a sequence of statements. However, after executing a statement, the next statement executed need not be the next statement in the algorithm. The statement to be executed next may depend on the state of the process. Thus, the order in which the statements are executed may differ from the order in which they are written in the algorithm. This order of execution of statements is known as the control flow.

There are three important control flow statements to alter the control flow depending on the state.

1. In sequential control flow, a sequence of statements are executed one after another in the same order as they are written.
2. In alternative control flow, a condition of the state is tested, and if the condition is true, one statement is executed; if the condition is false, an alternative statement is executed.
3. In iterative control flow, a condition of the state is tested, and if the condition is true, a statement is executed. The two steps of testing the condition and executing the statement are repeated until the condition becomes false.

Functions:
The parts of an algorithm are known as functions. A function is like a sub algorithm. It takes an input, and produces an output, satisfying a desired input output relation.

Question 6.
Explain specification.
Answer:
Specification:
To solve a problem, first we must state the problem clearly and precisely. A problem is specified by the given input and the desired output. To design an algorithm for solving a problem, we should know the properties of the given input and the properties of the desired output. The goal of the algorithm is to establish the relation between the input and the desired output.

An algorithm is specified by the properties of the given input and the relation between the input and the desired output. In simple words, specification of an algorithm is the desired input – output relation. The inputs and outputs are passed between an algorithm and the user through variables. The values of the variables when the algorithm starts is known as the initial state, and the values of the variables when the algorithm finishes is known as the final state.

Let P be the required property of the inputs and Q the property of the desired outputs. Then the algorithm S is specified as

1. algorithm name (inputs)
2. – – inputs : P
3. – -outputs: Q

This specification means that if the algorithm starts with inputs satisfying P, then it will finish with the outputs satisfying Q. A double dash – indicates that the rest of the line is a comment. Comments are statements which are used to annotate a program for the human readers and not executed by the computer. Comments at crucial points of flow are useful, and even necessary, to understand the algorithm. In our algorithmic notation, we use double dashes (-) to start a comment line. (In C++, a double slash // indicates that the rest of the line is a comment).

Specification format:
We can write the specification in a standard three part format:

1. The name of the algorithm and the inputs.
2. Input: the property of the inputs.
3. Output: the desired input – output relation.

The first part is the name of the algorithm and the inputs. The second part is the property of the inputs. It is written as a comment which starts with – inputs: The third part is the desired input – output relation. It is written as a comment which starts with – outputs:. The input and output can be written using English and mathematical notation.

Specification as contract:
Specification of an algorithm serves as a contract between the designer of the algorithm and the users of the algorithm, because it defines the rights and responsibilities of the designer and the user. Ensuring that the inputs satisfy the required properties is the responsibility of the user, but the right of the designer. The desired input-output relation is the responsibility of the designer and the right of the user. Importantly, if the user fails to satisfy the properties of the inputs, the designer is free from his obligation to satisfy the desired input – output relation.

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Vector Algebra – I Ex 8.2

11th Maths Exercise 8.2 Question 1.
Verify whether the following ratios are direction cosines of some vector or not.

Solution:

11th Maths Vector Algebra Solutions Question 2.
Find the direction cosines of a vectors whose direction ratios are
(i) 1, 2, 3
(ii) 3, -1, 3
(iii) 0, 0, 7
Solution:

11th Maths Exercise 8.2 Answers Question 3.
Find the direction cosines and direction ratios for the following vectors

Solution:

11th Maths Vector Algebra Exercise 8.2 Question 4.
A triangle is formed by joining the points (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0) and (0, 0, 1). Find the direction cosines of the medians.
Solution:

11th Maths 8.2 Question 5.
If \(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\), a are the direction cosines of some vector, then find a.
Solution:

Class 11th Maths Exercise 8.2 Solution Question 6.
If (a, a + b, a + b + c) is one set of direction ratios of the line joining (1, 0, 0) and (0, 1, 0), then find a set of values of a, b, c.
Solution:
Let A be the point (1, 0, 0) and B be the point (0, 1, 0) (i.e.,) \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{OA}}=\hat{i}\) and \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{OB}}=\hat{j}\)
Then \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{AB}}=\overrightarrow{\mathrm{OB}}-\overrightarrow{\mathrm{OA}}=\hat{j}-\hat{i}=-\hat{i}+\hat{j}\)
= (-1, 1, 0)
= (a, a + b, a + b + c)
⇒ a = -1, a + b = 1 and a + b + c = 0
Now a = -1 ⇒ -1 + b = 1 ;a + b + c = 0
⇒ b = 2; -1 + 2 + c = 0 ⇒ c + 1 = 0
⇒ c = -1
∴ a = -1; b = 2; c = -1.
Note: If we taken \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{BA}}\) then we get a = 1, b = -2 and c = 1.

Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Exercise 8.2 Solutions Question 7.
Show that the vectors \(2 \hat{i}-\hat{j}+\hat{k}, 3 \hat{i}-4 \hat{j}-4 \hat{k}, \hat{i}-3 \hat{j}-5 \hat{k}\) form a right angled triangle.
Sol:

⇒ The given vectors form the sides of a right angled triangle.

11th Maths Guide Question 8.
Find the value of k for which the vectors \(\vec{a}=3 \hat{i}+2 \hat{j}+9 \hat{k}\) and \(\vec{b}=\hat{i}+\lambda \hat{j}+3 \hat{k}\) are parallel.
Solution:

Samacheer Guru 11th Maths Question 9.
Show that the following vectors are coplanar.

Solution:
Let the given three vectors be \(\vec{a}\), \(\vec{b}\) and \(\vec{c}\). When we are able to write one vector as a linear combination of the other two vectors, then the given vectors are called coplanar vectors.




We are able to write \(\vec{a}\) as a linear combination of \(\vec{b}\) and \(\vec{c}\)
∴ The vectors \(\vec{a}\), \(\vec{b}\), \(\vec{c}\) are coplanar

11th Samacheer Maths Solutions Question 10.
Show that the points whose position vectors and are coplanar
Solution:
Let the given points be A, B, C and D. To prove that the points A, B, C, D are coplanar, we have to prove that the vectors \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{AB}}, \overrightarrow{\mathrm{AC}}\) and \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{AC}}\) are coplanar



∴ we are able to write one vector as a linear combination of the other two vectors ⇒ the given vectors \(\vec{a}\), \(\vec{b}\), \(\vec{c}\) are coplanar.
(i.e.,) the given points A, B, C, D are coplanar.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Guide Maths Question 11.
If \(\vec{a}=2 \hat{i}+3 \hat{j}-4 \hat{k}\), \(\vec{b}=3 \hat{i}-4 \hat{j}-5 \hat{k}\) and \(\vec{c}=-3 \hat{i}+2 \hat{j}+3 \hat{k}\), find the magnitude and direction cosines of
(i) \(\vec{a}+\vec{b}+\vec{c}\)
(ii) \(3 \vec{a}-2 \vec{b}+5 \vec{c}\)
Solution:

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Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Question 12.
The position vectors of the vertices of a triangle are and . Find the perimeter of the triangle
Solution:
Let A, B, C be the vertices of the triangle ABC,

11 Samacheer Maths Solutions Question 13.
Find the unit vector parallel to and
Solution:

12th Maths Exercise 8.2 Samacheer Kalvi Question 14.
The position vector \(\vec{a}\), \(\vec{b}\), \(\vec{c}\) three points satisfy the relation \(2 \vec{a}-7 \vec{b}+5 \vec{c}=\overrightarrow{0}\). Are these points collinear?
Solution:

10th Maths Exercise 8.2 Samacheer Kalvi Question 15.
The position vectors of the point P, Q, R, S are and respectively. Prove that the line PQ and RS are parallel.
Solution:

Ex 8.2 Class 11 Question 16.
Find the value or values of m for which \(m(\hat{i}+\hat{j}+\hat{k})\) is a unit vector
Solution:

11th Maths 8th Chapter Question 17.
Show that the points A(1, 1, 1), B(1, 2, 3) and C(2, -1, 1) are vertices of an isosceles triangle.
Solution:

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Vector Algebra – I Ex 8.2 Additional Problems

Samacheer Kalvi Maths Guide 11th Question 1.
Show that the points whose position vectors given by


Solution:

Samacheer Kalvi.Guru 11th Maths Question 2.
Find the unit vectors parallel to the sum of \(3 \hat{i}-5 \hat{j}+8 \hat{k}\) and \(-2 \hat{j}-2 \hat{k}\)
Solution:

Maths Guide 11th Question 3.
The vertices of a triangle have position vectors Prove that the triangle is equilateral.
Solution:

Maths Solutions Class 11 Samacheer Kalvi Question 4.
Prove that the points form an equilateral triangle.
Solution:

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solution Book Question 5.
Examine whether the vectors are coplanar
Solution:


⇒ We are not able to write one vector as a linear combination of the other two vectors
⇒ the given vectors are not coplanar.

You can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf, Tamilnadu State Board help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Combinatorics and Mathematical Induction Ex 4.1

11th Maths Exercise 4.1 Question 1.

(i) A person went to a restaurant for dinner. In the menu card, the person saw 10 Indian and 7 Chinese food items. In how many ways the person can select either an Indian or a Chinese food?
Solution:
Selecting an Indian food item from the given 10 can be done in 10 ways. Selecting a Chinese food item from the given 7 can be done in 7 ways.
∴ Selecting an Indian or a Chinese food can be done in 10 + 7 = 17 ways.

(ii) There are 3 types of toy car and 2 types of toy train available in a shop. Find the number of ways a baby can buy a toy car and a toy train?
Solution:
Given, Number of toy cars = 3
Number of toy trains = 2
∴ A baby buying a toy car from 3 can be done in 3 ways
∴ A baby buying a toy train from 2 can be done in 2 ways
∴ Buying a toy car and a toy train together can be done in 3 × 2 = 6 ways

(iii) How many of two-digit numbers can be formed using 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 without repetition of digits?
Solution:
The given digits are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
A two digit number has unit place and 10’s place. We are given 5 digits (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). The unit place can be filled (using the 5 digits) in 5 ways. After filling the unit place since repetition is not allowed one number (filled in the unit place) should be excluded. So the 10’s place can be filled (using the remaining 4 digits) in 4 ways
∴ Unit place and 10’s place together can be filled in 5 × 4 = 20 ways. So the number of two digit numbers = 20

(iv) Three persons enter in to a conference hall in which there are 10 seats. In how many ways they can take their places?
Solution:
Given, Number of the persons = 3 and Number of seats = 10
The first person can take his place (from 10 seats) in 10 ways
The second person can take his place (from the remaining 9 seats) in 9 ways
The third person can take his place (from the remaining 8 seats) in 8 ways
∴ The three persons together can take their places in 10 × 9 × 8 = 720 ways

(v) In how many ways 5 persons can be seated in a row?
Solution:
5 persons can be arranged among themselves in 5! ways
(i.e) 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120 ways

11th Maths 4th Chapter Solutions Question 2.

(i) A mobile phone has a passcode of 6 distinct digits. What is the maximum number of attempts one makes to retrieve the passcode?
Solution:
Number of digits = 10
∴ Number of attempts made = 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 = 151200 ways

(ii) Given four flags of different colours, how many different signals can be generated if each signal requires the use three flags, One below the other?
Solution:
Number of flags given = 4
Number of flag needed (to show a signal) = 3
The first flag can be chosen in 4 ways (from the 4 flags)
The second flag can be chosen (from the remaining 3 flags) in 3 ways
The third flag can be chosen (from the remaining 2 flags) in 2 ways
So the first, second and the third flags together can be chosen in (to generate a signal) 4 × 3 × 2 = 24 ways
(i.e) 24 signals can be generated

11th Maths Exercise 4.1 In Tamil Question 3.
Four children are running a race.

(i) In how many ways can the first two places be filled?
Solution:
Number of children in the running race = 4
The first place can be filled in (from the 4 children) 4 ways
After filling in first place only 3 children are left out
So the second place can be filled in (from the remaining 3 children) 3 ways
So the first and the second places together can be filled in 4 × 3 = 12 ways

(ii) In how many different ways could they finish the race?
Solution:
The first and second places can be filled in 12 ways
The third place can be filled (from the remaining 2 children) in 2 ways and the fourth place can be filled in 1 way
So the race can be finished in 12 × 2 × 1 = 24 ways

11th Maths Exercise 4.1 Solutions Question 4.
Count the number of three-digit numbers which can be formed from the digits 2, 4, 6, 8? if.

(i) repetitions of digits is allowed
Solution:
Number of digit given = 4 (2,4, 6, 8)
So the unit place can be filled in 4 ways, 10’s place can be filled in 4 ways and 100’s place can be filled in 4 ways
∴ The unit place, 10’s place and 100’s place together can be filled (i.e) So the Number of 3 digit numbers = 4 × 4 × 4 = 64 ways

(ii) repetitions of digits is not allowed.
Solution:
The unit place can be filled (using the 4 digits) in 4 ways after filling the unit place since repetition of digits is not allowed that digit should be excluded.
So the 10’s place can be filled in (4 – 1) 3 ways and the 100’s place can be filled in (3 – 1) 2 ways
So the unit place, 10’s and 100’s places together can be filled in 4 × 3 × 2 = 24 ways
(i.e) The number of 3 digit numbers = 4 × 3 × 2 = 24 ways

11th Maths Exercise 4.1 Solution Question 5.
How many three-digit numbers are there with 3 in the unit place?

(i) with repetition
Solution:
with repetition
The unit place is filled (by 3) in 1 way
The 10’s place can be filled in 10 ways
The 100’s place can be filled in 9 ways (excluding 0)
So the number of 3 digit numbers with 3 unit – place = 9 × 10 × 1 = 90

(ii) without repetition
Solution:
The digits are 0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
A three digit number has 3 digits l’s, 10’s and 100’s place.
The unit place is (filled by 3) filled in one way.
After filling the unit place since the digit ‘0’ is there, we have to fill the 100’s place. Now to fill the 100’s place we have 8 digits (excluding 0 and 3) So 100’s place can be filled in 8 ways.
Now to fill the 10’s place we have again 8 digits (excluding 3 and any one of the number) So 10’s place can be filled in 8 ways.
∴ Number of 3 digit numbers with ‘3’ in unit place = 8 × 8 × 1 = 64

Combinatorics And Mathematical Induction Question 6.
How many numbers are there between 100 and 500 with the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 if

(i) repetition of digits allowed
Solution:
repetition of digits allowed
The given digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
We have to find numbers between 100 and 500. So the 100’s place can be filled (by the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4) in 4 ways.
The 10’s place can be filled in (using 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) 6 ways
and the unit-place can be filled in (using 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5) 6 ways
But the number 100 should be excluded
So the number of numbers between 100 and 500 = 4 × 6 × 6 = 144

(ii) the repetition of digits is not allowed
Solution:
The 100’s place can be filled (by using 1, 2, 3, 4) 10’s in 4 ways
The 10’s place can be filled in (6 – 1) 5 ways and the unit place can be filled in (5 – 1) 4 ways
So the number of 3 digit number 4 × 5 × 4 = 80

10th Maths Exercise 4.1 11th Sum Question 7.
How many three-digit odd numbers can be formed by using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 if

(i) The repetition of digits is not allowed
Solution:
The repetition of digits is not allowed
The given digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Here the odd number are 1, 3, 5.
So the unit place can be filled in 3 ways (using the 3 odd number)
After filling the unit place since 0 is a given digit be fill the 100’s place which can be
filled in

Then the 10’s place can be filled in (6 – 2) 4 ways.
So the number of 3 digit odd numbers = 3 × 4 × 4 = 48

(ii) The repetition of digits is allowed
Solution:
The unit place can be filled in 3 ways. We are given 6 digits.
So 10’s place can be filled in 6 ways and the 100’s place can be filled in (6 – 1) (excluding zero) 5 ways
So the Number of 3 digit numbers = 3 × 6 × 5 = 90

11th Maths 4.1 Question 8.
Count the numbers between 999 and 10000 subject to the condition that there are

(i) no restriction
Solution:
no restriction
We have to find 4 digit numbers
The 1000’s place can be filled in 9 ways (excluding zero) and the 100’s, 10’s and unit places respectively can be filled in 10, 10, 10 ways (including zero)
So the number of numbers between 999 and 10000 = 9 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 9000

(ii) no digit is repeated
Solution:
Since 0 is given as a digit we have to start filling 1000’s place.
Now 1000’s place can be filled in 9 ways (excluding 0)
Then the 100’s place can be filled in 9 ways (excluding one digit and including 0)
10’s place can be filled in (9 – 1) 8 ways and unit place can be filled in (8 – 1) 7 ways So the number of 4 digit numbers are 9 × 9 × 8 × 7 = 4536 ways

(iii) at least one of the digits is repeated
Solution:
Required number of numbers = 9000 – 4536 = 4464 numbers

11th Maths Chapter 4 Exercise 4.1 Question 9.
How many three-digit numbers, which are divisible by 5, can be formed using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 if

(i) The repetition of digits are not allowed?
Solution:
The repetition of digits are not allowed.
The given digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. A number will be divisible by 5 if the digit in the unit place is 0 or 5
So the unit place can be filled by 0 or 5

(a) When the unit place is 0 it is filled in 1 way
And so 10’s place can be filled in 5 ways (by using 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and 100’s place can be filled in (5 – 1) 4 ways
So the number of 3 digit numbers with unit place 0 = 1 × 5 × 4 = 20

(b) When the unit place is 5 it is filled in 1 way
Since 0 is given as a digit to fill 100’s place 0 should be excluded
So 100’s place can be filled in (excluding 0 and 5) 4 ways and 10’s place can be filled in (excluding 5 and one digit and including 0) 4 ways So the number of 3 digit numbers with unit place 5 = 1 × 4 × 4 = 16
∴ Number of 3 digit numbers ÷ by 5 = 20 + 16 = 36

(ii) The repetition of digits are allowed.
Solution:
The digits are
0 1 2 3 4 5
To get a number divisible by 5 we should have the unit place as 5 or 0 So the unit place (using 0 or 5) can be filled in 2 ways.
The 10’s place can be filled (Using 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) in 6 ways and the 100’s place (Using 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) can be filled in 5 ways.
So the number of 3 digit numbers ÷ by 5 (with repetition) = 2 × 6 × 5 = 60

Class 11 Maths Exercise 4.1 Solutions Question 10.
To travel from a place A to place B, there are two different bus routes B₁, B₂ two different train routes T₁, T₂ and one air route A₁. From place B to place C there is one bus route say B₁‘, two different train routes say T₁‘, T₂‘ and one air route A₁‘. Find the number of routes of commuting from place A to place C via place B without using similar mode of transportation.
Solution:

From the above diagram the number of routes from A to C
= (2 × 2 + 2 × 1) + [(2 × 1) + (2 × 1)] + [(1 × 1) + (1 × 2)]
= 4 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 2 = 13

Class 11 Maths Chapter 4 Exercise 4.1 Solution Question 11.
How many numbers are there between 1 and 1000 (both inclusive) which are divisible neither by 2 nor by 5?
Solution:
From 1 to 1000, the numbers ÷ by 2 = 500
the number ÷ by 5 = 200
and the numbers ÷ by 10 = 100(5 × 2 = 10)
So number ÷ by 2 or 5 = 500 + 200 – 100 = 600
Total numbers from 1 to 1000 = 1000
So the number of numbers which are ÷ neither by 2 nor by 5 = 1000 – 600 = 400

11th Maths Chapter 4 Question 12.
How many strings can be formed using the letters of the word LOTUS if the word

(i) either starts with L or ends with S?
Solution:
either starts with L or ends with S?
To find the number of words starting with L
Number of letters in LOTUS = 5 when the first letter is L it can be filled in 1 way only. So the remaining 4 letters can be arranged in 4! =24 ways = n(A). When the last letter is S it can be filled in the 1 way and the remaining 4 letters can be arranged is 4! = 24 ways = n(B)

(1) (1) 3! = 6 = n(A ∩ B)
Now n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B)
= 24 + 24 – 6 = 42
Now, neither words starts with L nor ends with S = 42

(ii) neither starts with L nor ends with S?
Solution:
Number of letters of the word LOTUS = 5.
They can be arranged in 5 ! = 120 ways
Number of words starting with L and ending with S = 42
So the number of words neither starts with L nor ends with S = 120 – 42 = 78

Ex 4.1 Class 11 Pdf Question 13.
(i) Count the total number of ways of answering 6 objective type questions, each question having 4 choices.
Solution:
Count the total number of ways of answering 6 objective type questions, each question having 4 choices.
One question can be answered in 4 ways
Two questions can be answered in 4 × 4 = 4² ways
∴ Six questions can be answered in 46 ways

(ii) In how many ways 10 pigeons can be placed in 3 different pigeon holes ?
Solution:
First pigeons can be placed in pigeon hole in 3 ways (selecting 1 from 3 holes)
Second pigeons can be placed in pigeon hole in 3 ways Tenth pigeons can be placed in pigeon hole in 3 ways
So total number of ways in which all the number 10 place can be sent = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 310 ways

(iii) Find the number of ways of distributing 12 distinct prizes to 10 students?
Solution:
To give the first prize we have to select, from the 10 students which can be done in 10 ways.
To give the second prize we have to select one from the 10 students which can be done is 10 ways.
To give the 12th prize we have to select one from 10 students which can be done in 10 ways.
So all the 12 prizes can be given in (10 × 10 × 10 …. 12 times) = 1012 ways.

Samacheerkalvi.Guru 11th Maths Question 14.
Find the value of

(i) 6!
Solution:
6! = 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 720

(ii) 4! + 5!
Solution:
4! + 5! = (4 × 3 × 2 × 1) + (5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1)
= 24 + 120 = 144

(iii) 3! – 2!
Solution:
3! – 2! = (3 × 2 × 1) – (2 × 1)
= 6 – 2 = 4

(iv) 3! × 4!
Solution:
3! × 4! = (3 × 2 × 1) × (4 × 3 × 2 × 1) = 6 × 24 = 144
12!

(v) \(\frac{12 !}{9 ! \times 3 !}\)
Solution:

(vi) \(\frac{(n+3) !}{(n+1) !}\)
Solution:

Exercise 4.1 Class 11 Question 15.
Evaluate \(\frac{n !}{r !(n-r) !}\) when

(i) n = 6,
r = 2
Solution:

(ii) n = 10,
r = 3
Solution:

(iii) For any n with r = 2
Solution:

Chapter 4 Maths Class 11 Question 16.
Find the value of n if

(i) (n + 1)! = 20(n – 1)!
Solution:

(ii) \(\frac{1}{8 !}+\frac{1}{9 !}=\frac{n}{10 !}\)
Solution:

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Combinatorics and Mathematical Induction Ex 4.1 Additional Questions Solved

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Example Sums Question 1.
If the letter of the word ‘RACHIT’ are arranged in all possible ways as listed in dictionary, then what is the rank of the word ‘RACHIT’?
Solution:
The alphabetical order of RACHIT is A, C, H, I, R and T
Number of words beginning with A = 5!
Number of words beginning with C = 5!
Number of words beginning with H = 5!
Number of words beginning with 1 = 5!
and Number of words beginning with R (i.e) RACHIT = 1
∴ The rank of the word ’RACHIT’ in the dictionary = 5! + 5! + 5! + 5! + 1 = 4 × 5! + 1
= 4 × 5 . 4 . 3 . 2 . 1 + 1 = 4 × 120 + 1 = 480 + 1 = 481

Samacheer Kalvi Guru 11th Maths Question 2.
Find the number of positive integers greater than 6000 and less than 7000 which are divisible by 5, provided that no digit is to be repeated.
Solution:
Any number divisible by 5, its unit place must have 0 or 5. We have to find 4-digit number greater than 6000 and less than 7000.
So, the unit place can be filled with 2 ways (0 or 5) since, repetition is not allowed.
∴ Tens place can be filled with 7 ways and hundreds place can be filled with 8 ways.
But the required number is greater than 6000 and less than 7000. So, thousand place can be filled with 1 digits (i.e) 6.

So, the total number of integers =1 × 8 × 7 × 2 = 112
Hence, the required number of integers = 112

Ex 4.1 Class 11 Question 3.
Find the number of integers greater than 7000 that can be formed with the digits 3, 5, 7, 8 and 9 where no digits are repeated.
Solution:
Given that all the 5 digit numbers are greater than 7000.
So, the ways of forming 5-digit numbers = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120
Now, all the four digit number greater than 7000 can be formed as follows.
Thousand place can be filled with 3 ways
Hundred place can be filled with 4 ways
Tenths place can be filled with 3 ways
Units place can be filled with 2 ways
So, the total number of 4-digits numbers = 3 × 4 × 3 × 2 = 72
∴ Total number of integers = 120 + 72 = 192
Hence, the required number of integers = 192

Ch 4 Maths Class 11 Question 4.
How many words (with or without dictionary meaning) can be made from the letters of the word MONDAY, assuming that no letter is repeated, if

Solution:

(c) All letters are used but the first is a vowel = 2 × 5! = 2 × 120 = 240
Hence, the required matching is
(a) ↔ (iii), (b) ↔ (i), (c) ↔ (ii)

Chapter 4 Class 11 Maths Question 5.
Five boys and 5 girls form a line. Find the number of ways of making the seating arrangement under the following condition.

Solution:
(a) Total number of arrangement when boys and girls alternate : = (5!)² + (5!)²
(b) No two girls sit together = 5! 6!
(c) All the girls sit together = 2! 5! 5!
(d) All the girls sit never together = 10! – 5! 6!
Hence, the required matching is (a) ↔ (iii), (b) ↔ (i), (c) ↔ (iv), (d) ↔ (ii)

Class 11 Chapter 4 Maths Question 6.
How many automobile license plates can be made, if each plate contains two different letters followed by three different digits?
Solution:
We have 26 English alphabet and 10 digits (0 to 9)
Since, it is given that each plate contains 2 different letters followed by 3 different digits.
∴ Number of arrangement of 26 letter taken 2 at a time

Three digit number can be formed out of 10 digit = ¹⁰P₃

Total number of license plates = 650 × 720 = 468000
Hence, the required number of plates = 468000.

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Solutions Poem Chapter 4 Macavity – The Mystery Cat

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11th English Guide Warm Up

A. French proverb goes thus: ‘The dog may be wonderful prose, but only the cat is poetry.’ You may have observed that all animals possess a number of unique qualities. Fill in the columns with words and phrases associated with each of the following animals.

DOG	CAT	WOLF	ELEPHANT

Answer:

DOG	CAT	WOLF	ELEPHANT
Barks	meows	howls	trumpets
open fight	stealthy	groups	groups
aggressive	pretends to be gentle	rough	gentle
faithful	ungrateful	wild	civilized
fights for food	quickly steals food	predatory	graceful

B. People admire some of these animal qualities. What are they? Have you noticed some of them in yourself or in others? Share your views with the class.

Cats are stealthy and walk without making noise.
My friend Vimal / Mala is cat-like. He / She surprises me often appearing suddenly. Jackal is clever and persuades others like Ratna / Raja to work for him. Whenever a difficult assignment is given, he / she praises the gifted student and gets his/ her work done. Elephant is graceful and known for strong memory. Murugan / Neela is very gentle and has terrific memory. One must be very cautious with such persons. Even a small hurt will be in their memory for long.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Macavity – The Mystery Cat Textual Questions

A. Based on your understanding of the poem, answer the following question in a sentence or two.

Macavity’s a Mystery Cat: he’s called the Hidden Paw
For he’s the master criminal who can defy the Law.
He’s the bafflement of Scotland Yard, the Flying Squad’s despair:
For when they reach the scene of crime – Macavity’s not there!

Macavity, Macavity, there’s no one like Macavity,
He’s broken every human law, he breaks the law of gravity.
His powers of levitation would make a fakir stare,
And when you reach the scene of crime – Macavity’s not there!

You may seek him in the basement, you may look up in the air
But I tell you once and once again, Macavity’s not there!
Macavity’s a ginger cat, he’s very tall and thin;
You would know him if you saw him, for his eyes are sunken in.

His brow is deeply lined with thought, his head is highly domed;
His coat is dusty from neglect, his whiskers are uncombed.
He sways his head from side to side, with movements like a snake;
And when you think he’s half asleep, he’s always wide awake.

Macavity, Macavity, there’s no one like Macavity,
For he’s a fiend in feline shape, a monster of depravity.
You may meet him in a by-street, you may see him in the square
But when a crime’s discovered, then Macavity’s not there!

He’s outwardly respectable. (They say he cheats at cards.)
And his footprints are not found in any file of Scotland Yard’s.
And when the larder’s looted, or the jewel-case is rifled,
Or when the milk is missing, or another Peke’s been stifled,

Or the greenhouse glass is broken, and the trellis past repair
Ay, there’s the wonder of the thing! Macavity’s not there!
And when the Foreign Office find a Treaty’s gone astray,
Or the Admiralty lose some plans and drawings by the way,

There may be a scrap of paper in the hall or on the stair
But it’s useless to investigate, Macavity’s not there!
And when the loss has been disclosed, the Secret Service say:
‘It must have been Macavity!’ but he’s a mile away.

You’ll be sure to find him resting, or a licking of his thumbs,
Or engaged in doing complicated long division sums.
Macavity, Macavity, there’s no one like Macavity,
There never was a Cat of such deceitfulness and suavity.

He always has an alibi, and one or two to spare:
At whatever time the deed took place, MACAVITY WASN’T THERE!
And they say that all the Cats whose wicked deeds are widely known,
(I might mention Mungojerrie, I might mention Griddlebone)

Are nothing more than agents for the Cat who all the time
Just controls their operations: the Napoleon of Crime

11th English Guide Pdf Download Question (i)
What is Macavity’s nickname?
Answer:
Macavity’s nickname is “ Hidden Paw”.

Macavity The Mystery Cat Book Back Answers Question (ii)
Why is the Flying Squad frustrated?
Answer:
The Flying squad is frustrated because every time they rush to the spot of crime to arrest Macavity, he is not there.

11 English Guide Question (iii)
Which law does Macavity break?
Answer”
Macavity breaks human law and also the law of gravity.

11th English Book Back Answers Question (iv)
What makes the fakir stare in wonder?
Answer:
Macavity’s power of levitation makes the fakir stare in wonder.

English Guide For Class 11 Question (v)
Describe Macavity’s appearance.
Answer:
Macavity is veiy tall and slim. His eyes are sunken. His brow is deeply lined. His head is highly domed. His coat is dusty and whiskers unkempt.

11th English Samacheer Guide Question (vi)
Where can you encounter Macavity?
Answer:
One may meet Macavity in a street or in the square. But he vanishes when a crime is committed.

11th Std English Book Answers Question (vii)
Why does the poet say Macavity is ‘out wardly’ respectable?
Answer:
The poet says that Macavity is respectable ‘out wardly’ because all his stealthy, criminal activities betray his vile nature.

11th Samacheer Kalvi English Book Back Answers Question (viii)
Why is Macavity called the ‘Napoleon of Crime’?
Answer:
He is agile and cautious. He is a monster of depravity

Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Question (ix)
Which two characters does the poet refer to as examples of wicked cats?
Answer:
Mungojerrie and Griddlebone are examples of wicked cats.

11 Std English Guide Pdf Question (x)
Mention any two qualities of Macavity.
Answer:
Similar to Napoleon he was a strategist and military leader. Macavity controlled the operations of all the wicked cats in London.

B. Read the poem once again and complete the summary using the words given in the box.

larder	whiskers	respectable
criminal	devil	thought
sunken	division	agents
detective	alibi	desperate
fakir	qualities	gravity
greenhouse

Macavity – The Mystery Cat’ is a humorous poem, where the poet T.S. Eliot describes the mysterious

(a) ______ of a shrewd vile cat. He commits a crime at every possible opportunity.He is an elusive master (b) ______ who leaves no evidence after he commits a crime.Even the Scotland Yard, the London (c) ______ agency is unable to arrest him. The Flying Squad is (d) ______ because every time they rush to the crime spot to seize Macavity, he is not there. He breaks the human law as well as the law of (e) ______ He baffles even a (f) ______ with his powers of levitation. Macavity appears tall and thin with (g) ______ eyes. He is always preoccupied with some serious (h) ______ His coat is dusty and his (i) ______ are unkempt. Macavity is a (f) ______ in the guise of a cat. He appears to be outwardly (k) ______ but his actions disprove it. Macavity loots the (l) ______ , ransacks the jewel-case, and breaks the (m) ______ glass but wonder of wonders he is not to be found anywhere there. He is always a mile away from the scene of crime, happily relaxing or doing difficult (n) ______ sums. He is clever at making up an (o) ______ every time he plots a crime. All the notorious cats are nothing but the (p) ______ of Macavity, the Napoleon of Crime.
Answer:
(a) qualities
(b) criminal
(c) detective
(d) baffled
(e) gravity
(f) fakir
(g) sunken
(h) thought
(i) whiskers
(j) fiend
(k) respectable
(p) agents
(0) larder
(m) greenhouse
(n) division
(o) alibi

C. Read the poem and answer the following in a short paragraph of 8 to 10 sentences each.

English Guide 11th Pdf Question (i)
What are the mysterious ways in which Macavity acts?
Answer:
Macavity is an elusive master criminal who leaves no evidence after he commits a crime. He baffles Scotland Yard police and the flying squad as he disappears before their arrival to the scene of crime. He defies law of gravity and his powers of levitation make me fakir stare with wonder. Macavity loots the larder. He ransacks the jewel case. He is an elusive criminal who escapes from the spot of crime before the flying squad or Scotland Yard reach there. He breaks every human law and laws of gravity. He breaks greenhouse glasses. He steals stealthily into . the kitchen and empties milk. When an important treaty in the embassy is missing or. when the admiralty loses some plans or drawings, the investigation terms conclude that it is the work of Macavity. But Macavity, as a wonder of wonders, would be miles away relaxing somewhere.

Question (ii)
Give an account of Macavity’s destructive mischief.
Answer:
Macavity is a “Friend in feline shape”. He loots the food from the larder. Jewel case gets ransacked. Milk gets robbed. A pekinese dog is stifled. Greenhouse glass is broken. Important agreement in the embassy is tom and important drawings in the admiralty are lost. The investigation team may find a scrap of paper in the stairs but Macavity always makes good his escape after doing all the above destructive activities. Besides, he is the Napoleon of crime controlling the operations of all cats in London.

Question (iii)
Describe the appearance and qualities of Macavity.
Answer:
Macavity is tall and thin. His eyes are sunken in. His brow is deeply lined with thought. His head is highly domed. His coat is dusty and his whiskers unkempt. He makes movements like a snake. He is a friend in feline shape. He is a monster of depravity. He is a cat of deceitfulness and suavity. When one thinks he is half-asleep, he is wide awake. He is an elusive, agile and phantom-like cat.

D. Read the given lines and answer the questions that follow.

(i) Macavity’s a Mystery Cat: he’s called the Hidden Paw…

Question (a)
Does the poet talk about a real cat?
Answer:
No, the poet talks about an imaginary character.

Question (b)
Why is he called the Hidden Paw?
Answer:
He is called a “ Hidden paw “ because even Scotland Yard is unable to arrest him after he commits any crime. He does not leave his foot prints in the spot of crime.

(ii) He’s the bafflement of Scotland Yard, the Flying Squad’s despair: For when they reach
the scene of crime Macavity’s not there!..

Question (a)
What is ‘Scotland Yard’?
Answer:
Scotland Yard, is the world famous headquarters of London metropolitan police service known for quick investigation of crime and nabbing the criminal in record time.

Question (b)
Why does the flying squad feel disappointed?
Answer:
Flying squad reach the scene of crime very fast. But Macavity is not at all there. The flying squad is disappointed because they are unable to arrest the crafty criminal.

(iii) He sways his head from side to side, with movements like a snake;
And when you think he’s half asleep,he’s always wide awake…

Question (а)
Explain the comparison made here.
Answer:
The poet compares the movement of the cat to that of a snake. He employs a simile here.
The movement is quiet but swift.

 

Question (b)
What does he pretend to do?
Answer:
He pretends to be half asleep when he is fully awake. .

Question (c)
Identify the figure of speech in the first line.
Answer:
Simile.

(iv) For he’s a fiend in feline, shape, a monster of depravity.

Question (a)
How is the cat described in this line?
Answer:
Macavity is described as a “demon in the shape of a cat”.

Question (b)
Explain the phrase ‘monster of depravity’.
Answer:
Satan is called the master of depravity. T.S. Eliot calls Macavity, the master of depravity. He means that the cat is an embodiment of evil. He is wicked, all the time involved in doing something evil.

(v) And his footprints are not found in any file of Scotland Yard’s.

Question (а)
What seems to be a challenge for the Scotland Yard?
Answer:
Scotland Yard police, known for its efficiency to nab criminals in record time, is unable to link any crime to Macavity. He has an alibi when ever a crime is committed. Arresting Macavity with clinching evidence for his involvement in a crime is a challenge for Scotland Yard.

Question (b)
Why do they need his footprints?
Answer:
They need Macavity’s foot prints to prove the court of law that he was present in the scene of crime.

(iv) It must have been Macavity!’ but he’s a mile away.

Question (a)
What is Macavity blamed for?
Answer:
Macavity is blamed for most of the crimes which leave the Scotland police and flying squad fuming and fretting because he just vanishes after every crime is committed. Besides, he leaves no proof or evidence behind.

Question (b)
Where is he?
Answer:
He is in a by-street or in the square when a crime is discovered. He always has one or two alibi.

(vii) There never was a Cat of such deceitfulness and suavity.

Question (a)
Which cat is being talked of here?
Answer:
Macavity is being talked of here.

Question (b)
How is he different from the rest?
Answer:
Other cats are lazy and just stay in the kitchen and take the food offered by their master. But Macavity is agile and defies law of the land and laws of gravity.. Despite doing all wicked things, he pretends to be innocent. So the poet claims one can never come across such a cat of “Deceitfulness and suavity”

E. Explain the following lines with reference to the context.

Question (i)
His powers of levitation would make a fakir stare
Answer:
Reference: These words are from the poem “Macavity – the mystery cat” written by T.S. Eliot. Context: T.S Eliot says, these words describing the skills of Macavity – The mystery cat. Explanation: Macavity does all kinds of mischiefs, petty thefts. He breaks things also. But before anyone could link the crime to Macavity he makes good his escape, floating in the air, jumping from building to building. His powers of levitation baffles even a fakir who has mystical powers.
Comment: The truth behind levitation is well brought out.

Question (ii)
And when you think he’s half asleep, he’s always Wide awake
Answer:
Reference : There words are from the poem “ Macavity – the mystery cat” written by T.S. Eliot.
Context: The poet says these words about the ability of the mysterious cat to hoodwink everyone.
Explanation: Macavity is a master of deceitfulness and suavity. When he appears to “be half-asleep with his half-closed eyes, he would be wide-awake. He is an enigma to everyone. Comment: Macavity is indeed a mystery.

Question (iii)
And his footprints are not found in any file of Scotland Yard’s
Answer:
Reference: These words are. from the poem “ Macavity the mystery cat” written by T.S. Eliot. Context: The poet says these words about the clever escape Macavity makes after every crime is committed.
Explanation: Scotland yard police is known all over the world for its capacity to investigate crimes and nab criminals in record time. But many crimes happen in London. Before Scotland Yard or the flying squad could reach the spot of crime, the criminal vanishes without leaving
any trace of the evidence. Scotland yard police wants to nab him with evidence. But his foot prints are nowhere to be found. So, Scotland Yard is unable to arrest Macavity.
Comment: The mysterious moves of Macavity stuns even the Scotland Yard.

 

Question (iv)
There may be a scrap of paper in the hall or on the stair.
But it’s useless to investigate…
Answer:
Reference: There words are from the poem “Macavity- the mysterious cat” written by T.S. Eliot .
Context: The poet says these words while discussing the left over evidences of crime. Explanation: The Scotland yard police and the flying squads are guardians of peace in London. They keep watch. But whenever Macavity does a crime, he leaves before the police arrives. The clues like empty larder, rifled jewel case, disappearance of a treaty or drawings from the office or admiralty may lead to some shredded bits of paper lying on the floor or the staircase. But thsese bits of paper can’t help the police nab Macavity. They know it is the work of Macavity but they are helpless.
Comment: Not a trace is left behind by mysterious Macavity.

Question (v)
He always has an alibi, and one or two to spare
Answer:
Reference: These words are from the poem, “ Macavity – the mystery cat” written by T.S. Eliot.
Context: The poet says these words while describing the deceitful and clever nature of Macavity.
Explanation: Macavity breaks laws of the land regularly. But gets away before the long arm. of the law reaches the spot of crime. He always has an alibi (one or more to spare) to escape from being caught. This proves his cleverness.
Comment: The wit of Macavity needs high commendation.

Additional Questions

Question (vi)
Mecavity is a Mystery cat; he’s called the Hidden paw
Answer:
Reference: These words are from the poem, “Macavity – the mystery cat”.
Context: T.S. Eliot says these words while discussing the deceitfulness and the ability of the wicked cat to disappear room after a crime is committed.
Explanation: The poet describes the attributes of the mystery cat “ Macavity the cat is deceitful • and he baffles Scotland yard. The modus operandi of each unsolved crime points to Macavity only. But the lack of evidence like foot print prevents Scotland yard police from arresting him. Hence, he is called “The Hidden Law”.
Comment: Does Macavity truly have an unseen paw?

Question (vii)
Just controls their operation ; the Napoleon of Crime .
Answer:
Reference: These words are from the poem, “ Macavity – the mystery cat, written by T.S. Eliot.
Context: The poet says this about the daring acts of evil done by enigmatic villainous cat Macavity.
Explanation: Scotland yard police is unable to arrest Macavity as he leaves no evidence of crime he commits. He has many agents whose operations are controlled by him. Macavity is like military despot Napoleon, he guides all wicked cats in London unseen.
Comment: There is indeed no difference between Napoleon and Macavity.

F. Eliot has used many figures of speech to present the poem to the readers in an interesting way. He has attributed human qualities to a cat in this poem.

Question (i)
Identify the literary devices used in the following lines: .

Question (a)
He sways his head from side to side,with movements like a snake.
Answer:
simile

 

Question (b)
They say he cheats at cards.
Answer:
Personification

Additional:
(c) for he’s a friend in feline shape – Personification
(d) He’s outwardly respectable (they say he cheats at cards) – personification (The animal is attributed to human qualities)
(e) Just control their operations ; the Napoleon of Crime – Personification
(f) He always has an alibi and one or two to spare – Personification
(g) Or engaged in doing a complicated long division sums – Personification
(h) Are nothing more than agents for the Cat – Personification
(i) Just controls their operations the Napoleon or crime – metaphor

Question (ii)
Give four instances where the poet has used alliteration in the poem.
Answer:
milk, missing, larder’s, looted, sways, side to side, snake, break, broke – Alliteration

Question (iii)
What is the rhyme scheme used in the poem?
Answer:
Rhyme scheme of the poem is aa bb

(iv) Pick out all the pairs of rhyming words used in the poem.

Rhyming words in the poem
(a) Paw: Law
(b) despair: there
(c) Macavity: gravity
(d) stare: there
(e) air: there
(f) thin: in
(g) domed: uncombed
(h) snake: awake
(i) Macavity: depravity
(j) Square : their
(k) cards: yards
(l) rifled: stifled
(m) repair: there
(n) astray: way
(o) stair: there
(p) say: away
(q) thumbs : sums.
(r) Macavity: suavity
(s) spare: there
(t) known: bone
(u) time: crime

listening Activity

G. First, read the following sets of limericks with missing words. Now, listen to them being read out aloud by your teacher or played on the recorder. As you enjoy the absurd fun, complete the verse with what you hear. You may listen to them again, if required.

I
A wonderful bird is the (i) ______
His beak can hold more than his (ii) _______ can.
He can hold in his beak Enough food for a (iii) _______ !
But I’ll be darned if I know how the Peli-can?

II
There once was a (iv) _______ at the zoo
Who always had something to do
When it (iv) _______ him, you know,
To go to and fro.
He (v) _______ . it and went fro and to.

III
There once was a (vi) _______ little bunny
Who I thought was sweet and (vii) _______ .
He ate all the carrots,
And looked at the .(ix) _______
And that was my cute little (x) _______
Answers:
(i) pelican
(ii) belly
(iii) week
(iv) bear
(v) bored
(vi) reversed
(vii) cute
(viii) funny
(ix) Parrots
(x) bunny

Speaking Activity

H. Speaking Activity

Work with a partner. Read the following questions and share your views with the class. Have you heard of the phrase ‘cat’s paw’? The meaning is similar to that of ‘firing from the other’s shoulder’. ‘Cat’s paw’ refers to a person who is used unwittingly or unwillingly by another person to accomplish his own purpose.

Question (a)
This phrase originates from the fable ‘The Monkey and the Cat’. Explain how Macavity contradicts the phrase ‘cat’s paw’.
Answer:
Cat’s paw means being an incumbent in someone’s hand and do what the other person says. But Macavity is the master. He’s nicknamed the “hidden paw”. He is the Napoleon of crime controlling the operation of all the wicked cats in London. Macavity really contradicts “cat’s paw” absolutely.

 

Question (b)
‘When the mouse laughs at the cat, there is a hole nearby.’ Explain the meaning of this statement to your friends.
Answer:
Mouse knows the capacity of the cat to pounce on him and make a meal of him in just records. The mouse could dare to laugh at the cat when the scope of escape into the hole is bright.

Question (c)
Compose your own limericks on an elephant, a peacock and a butterfly. Read it put to your class.

1. Butterfly
A Spider awaits a butterfly
As he comes fluttering by
It’s caught in the silken trap
And straggles acts wings flap
Battling for survival under the blue skies

2. An elephant
There was a little elephant
To whom the river bank was forbidden .
But he went to the brink
Waiting for the crow to drink
And a bitter lesson when his flunk got bitten

3. A Peacock
“Joy is a peacock. It’s beauty so rare
A rainbow of colours that vibrantly flares
After the rain, brightly they come out
Into a fan-like form uniquely it creates
Never forgot, this vision, joyfully it illuminates”!

Macavity – The Mystery Cat About the Poet:

T.S Eliot (1888-1965) is an Essayist, play wright, literary and social critic. He moved out of USA to become a citizen of Great Britain at the age of 25. He renounced his American Passport when he was 39. He attracted widespread attention for his poem “The Love Song” of Alfred Prufrock (1915). It was seen on his Masterpiece of modern movement. It was followed by some of his best known poems including “The Wasteland” (1922), “The hollow men” (1915), “Ash Wednesday” (1930) and “Four quarters” (1943). During his stay in Harvard University, he developed a deep understanding of Indian philosophy and also studied Sanskrit. It is said that when he wrote the poem “The Wasteland”, doctors expressed concern over the health of his mind and strongly advised him to avoid writing.

But he wrote the poem in any paper that was found. It was Ezra Pound who brought order by editing the poem. He is well remembered for his plays such as “Murder in the Cathedral” (1935) and “The Cocktail Party” (1949). He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1948 for his outstanding, pioneering contribution to modern poetry.

Macavity – The Mystery Cat Summary

“Macavity, The mystery cat”, is a humorous poem from a serious poet. The poet describes the atrocities done by Macavity. He commits crime after crime with impunity and without leaving any evidence. He looks for the opportune moment to commit the crime and gets away before the Scotland yard Police troops come in. Every time he does a crime, he is sensible enough to stay out of the spot of crime when investigators reach the spot of crime. He breaks every human law and even the law of gravity.

His powers of levitation startles even a fakir. He is always preoccupied with some serious thought. He has dirty coat and unkempt hair like modem gypsies. He is a hypocrite who appears to be respectable but does every mean act. He loots food, ransacks the jewel case and breaks the green house glass. But it is amazing that nobody is able to find him in the scene of crime. It looks as if all the vile cat in the area act as per his script. Like cold-blooded criminals, he always makes up an alibi every time he commits a criminal act. He is the chief of all wicked cats. He resembles “Napoleon of crime”, the chief of criminal act.

Macavity – The Mystery Cat Glossary

Textual:
Admiralty – a Government Department that administered the British Navy
alibi – a claim Of evidence that one was elsewhere when a Crime was committed
bafflement total confusion
deceitfulness – cunnmgness
defy – to resist or to challenge
depravity – evil quality; immorality
fakir – a holy person who live son alms and has the power to levitate
feline – cat
fiend – demon
Flying Squad – a police force ready to plunge into action
ginger – alert and cautious
larder – cupboard for storing food
levitation – the action of rising and floating in air
Peke – a Pekinese dog
rifle – ransack; to steal
Scotland Yard – the headquarters of London Metropolitan Police Service
stifle – suppress someone from acting; restrain
suavity – confidence and sophistication
trellis – wooden bar used as a support for creepers

Additional:
atrocities – cruelty; violation; wrongdoing
complicated – tough
criminal – law breaker
go astray – become useless; trangress
hypocrite – pretender, one who acts like adifferent person
impunity – doing wicked things without ever getting punished;unpunished
investigate – enquire
limerick – a humourous verse of five lines
startles – amazes
treaty – pact
vile – wicked

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